Odisha State Board BSE Odisha Class 10 English Grammar Book Solutions Chapter 10 Direct and Indirect Speech Textbook Exercise Activity Questions and Answers.
BSE Odisha Class 10 English Grammar Solutions Chapter 10 Direct and Indirect Speech
What is Narration / Speech?
⇒ The art of reporting the words of a speaker (ବକ୍ତା) is called Narration.
There are two ways in which a speaker can express his ideas and thoughts
(i) Direct Speech (Direct Narrations) (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଭକ୍ତି
(ii) Indirect speech (Indirect Narration) (ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି)
The speech in which the actual words of the speaker are reported is known as the Direct Speech / Narrations. (ଯେଉଁ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ନିଜସ୍ଵ ମତ ବିଶେଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
The speech in which the substance of the speaker’s speech is given is known as the Indirect Speech or Narration. (ଯେଉଁ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ବାକ୍ୟର ସାରକଥାକୁ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଏ, ତାକୁ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
The following sentences will enable (help) you to understand the difference between a Direct speech and an Indirect Speech:
(i) He said to me, “I can’t help you.” (Direct speech)
He told me that he couldn’t help me. (Indirect speech)
(Mark the changed words in the indirect speech)
(ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)
Every “Direct speech” has two parts.
(i) The Reporting verb, and
(ii) The Reported speech.
⇒ Please remember the following three things about in a Direct Speech :
(i) The speaker is known as a “Reporter”.
(ii) The verb initiating (ଆରମ୍ଭ କରୁଥିବା) the speech of the speaker is known as the Reporting Verb.
(iii) The words of the speaker which are repeated are known as the Reported Speech.
Now see the following example of Direct Speech carefully.
He said to me, “I can’t help you.”
Reporter Reporting Verb Reported Speech
Please note that in a Direct Speech :
(a) The Reported Speech and the Reporting verb are separated by a comma.
(ଏକ କମା ଚିହ୍ନ ଦ୍ଵାରା ଅଲଗା ହୋଇଥାଏ।)
(b) The Reported speech always begins with a capital letter.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ସର୍ବଦା ଏକ ବଡ଼ ଅକ୍ଷରରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥାଏ।)
(c) The Reported speech is always enclosed in inverted comma.
(ଉଦ୍ଧୃତି ଚିହ୍ନଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ସୀମିତ ରହିଥାଏ।)
Example : “I can’t help you.”
(d) The Reported speech may contain all types of sentences. (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରକାର ବାକ୍ୟ ଧାରଣ
କରିପାରେ ।)
(i) Assertive or Declarative Sentence (ତଥ୍ୟାତ୍ମକ ବା ବିବୃତିମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(ii) Interrogative Sentence (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(iii) Exclamatory Sentence (ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(iv) Imperative Sentence (ଆଦେଶ, ଉପଦେଶ, ଆଶିଷ ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(v) Optative Sentence (କାମନା ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
⇒ Some Facts About the Indirect Speech (ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ କେତେକ ତଥ୍ୟ):
(a) Inverted commas (“___”) are removed (ଉଠାଇ ଦିଆଯାଏ) in the Indirect Speech.
(b) The comma that separates the Reporting verb from the Reported speech is also removed.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିକୁ Reporting verb ଦ୍ଵାରା ଅଲଗା କରୁଥିବା Comma (,) କୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଉଠାଇ ଦିଆଯାଏ।)
(c) A conjunction (ଅବ୍ୟୟ ପଦ) is used after the Reporting verb:
For example : that, if / whether, wh-words etc.)
(d) The Interrogative and the Exclamatory moods are changed into the Assertive moods.
(ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ଓ ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ଭାବ ବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିବୃତିମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ ବା ଭାବରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ କରାଯାଏ।)
(e) The words showing nearness are changed into the words showing distance:
(ନିକଟତା ଆଦି ସୂଚିତ କରୁଥୁବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୂରତା ସୂଚିତକାରୀ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ କରାଯାଏ।)
(A) Change of Tense and Verbs :
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Present Simple – changes into Present | Past Simple |
| Progressive / Continuous | Past Progressive / Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Progressive / Continuous | Past Perfect Progressive / Continuous |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Progressive / Continuous | Past Perfect Progressive / Continuous |
| Past Perfect | No change |
| Past Perfect Continuous | No change |
(B) Verbs-Change at a glance:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| is / am | was |
| are | were |
| has / have | had |
| was / were | had been |
| shall | should /would |
| may | might |
| can | could |
(C) Change of words Denoting “Nearness” (ନିକଟତା (ସମୟ / ସ୍ଥାନ)
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Now | Then |
| This | That |
| These | Those |
| Here | There |
| Hither | Thither |
| Hence | Thence |
| Thus | So |
| Ago | Before |
| Today | That day |
| Tonight | That night |
| Tomorrow | The next day |
| Yesterday | The previous day / The day after |
| Tomorrow | The next day / The following day |
| Just | Then |
| Come | Go |
| Next week | The following week |
| Next month/year | The following month/year |
‘Indirect Speech’ in which tensed verbs remain unchanged [ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭକ୍ତି ଯେଉଁଥିରେ tensed verb ର ଆଦୌ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ]
⇒ Rule 1
If the reporting verb in the Direct Speech is in present simple [say / says] or shall/will + Main Verb [ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷଭକ୍ତିରେ Reporting verbs present simple ବା shall/will + Main Verb ରେଥିଲେ ]
Examples :
(i) He will say, “I can’t play today’s match.” (Direct Speech)
Reporting Verb
He will say (that) he can’t play that day’s match. (Indirect Speech)
(ii) Father says, “I am very sorry for delay. ((ବିଳମ୍ବ)” (Direct Speech)
Reporting Verb
Father says (that) he is very sorry for delay. (Indirect Speech)
(iii) Mita says, “Naba sir hasn’t come to our house today.” (Direct Speech)
Reporting Verb
Mita says (that) Naba sir hasn’t come to their house that day.(Indirect Speech)
⇒ Rule 2
If the Direct Speech expresses a universal truth or a habitual action or a scientific truth.
(ଯଦି Direct Speech ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ସତ୍ୟ ବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସଗତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ସତ୍ୟତାକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ)
Examples :
(i) Direct Speech : He said, “Puri is famous for Lord Jagannath.”(Universal truth)
Indirect Speech: He said (that) Puri is famous for Lord Jagannath.
(ii) Direct Speech The history teacher said, “India got freedom in 1947.” (Historical truth)
Indirect Speech: The history teacher said (that) India got freedom in 1947.
(iii) Direct Speech: The science teacher said, “Iron expands as temperature rises.” (Scientific truth)
Indirect Speech: The science teacher said (that) Iron expands as temperature rises.
(iv) Direct Speech : Bikram said, “I always keep my words.” (Habitual action)
Indirect Speech: Bikram said (that) he always keeps his own words. (n’t ‘kept’)
⇒ Rule 3
If the Direct Speech contains ‘If-clause (ଯଦି D.S. ‘IF’ clause ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥାଏ]
Examples :
(i) Direct Speech : He said. “If I were Neil Armstrong, I would land on the moon.”
Indirect Speech : He said if he were Neil Armstrong, he would land on the moon.
(ii) Direct Speech : The boy said, “If I were the President of India !”
Indirect Speech : The boy said if he were the President of India.
⇒ Rule 4
For two simultaneous actions in the past. [ଅତୀତରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଦୁଇଟି ପାଖାପାଖୁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ]
Examples:
(i) Direct Speech : The newspaper reported, “The police surrounded the village, arrested the criminal and threw him in the lock-up.” (Narrative report)
Indirect Speech : The newspaper reported (that) the police surrounded the village, arrested the criminal and threw him in the lock-up.
(ii) Direct Speech : Reeta told me, “Mita had already gone whenI phoned her this morning.”
Indirect Speech: Reeta told me (that) Mita had already gone when she phoned her that morning.
Indirect Speech in which tensed verb are changed
[ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ tensed verb ର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ]
N.B.
If the reporting verb is in the past simple tense like (said/told/enquired/asked/reported etc.) [ଯଦି Direct Speech ର Reporting Verb ‘Past Simple Tense’ ରେ ଥାଏ; ଯଥା – said/told/asked etc.]
⇒Rule 1
If the Direct Speech is said to be in Declarative Sentence pattern (begins with Subject) [ଯଦି Direct Speech ବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ବିବୃତିମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ (Subject ବା କର୍ଲାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭହୋଇଥାଏ) ଆକାରରେ ଥାଏ ।]
Examples:
(i) Direct Speech : Kasim said, “I am going to America next year.” (Sub = I)
Indirect Speech : Kasim said (that) he was going to America the following year.
(ii) Direct Speech : Mohit said to father, “I came to you last night but you weren’t at home. (Sub = I)
Indirect Speech : Mohit told father (that) he had came to him the previous night but he (father) hadn’t been at home.
(iii) Direct Speech : The gentleman said, “The rate of vegetables may go up further.” (Sub = the rate of vegetables)
Indirect Speech : The gentleman said(that) the rate of vegetables might go up still further.
⇒ Rule 2
If the Direct Speech is said to be in Exclamatory sentence pattern beginning with ‘How / What’. [ଯଦି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଆକାରରେ ଥାଏ ଏବଂ / How ବା What ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିବ ।]
(i) Direct Speech : He said, “What a long beard!”
Indirect Speech : He said (that) the beard was very long. (Omit ‘what’)
(ii) Direct Speech : Amit said, “How beautiful his building looks!”
Indirect Speech : Amit said (that) that the building was very beautiful. (Omit ‘how’)
⇒ Rule 3
If the Direct Speech is said to be in ‘Yes-No’ interrogative/question pattern beginning with helping verbs, the Indirect Speech has If + Sub + Verb + ……… [ଯଦି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତି ‘Yes – No’ question ଆକାରରେ ଥାଏ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥବ, Indirect Speech ରେ asked (object) If+Subject + Verb +…. ରହିବ ।]
Examples:
(i) Direct Speech : The teacher said to Sthitipragyan, “Is this your problem in mathematics?” (Is – helping verb)
Indirect Speech : The teacher asked Sthitipragyan if this was her problem in mathematics.
(ii) Direct Speech : The dealer said to the gentleman, “Shall I help you, sir?” (Shall = helping verb)
Indirect Speech : The dealer asked the gentleman if he should help him.
(iii) Direct Speech : I said to the postman, “Have you brought any letter for mother?” (Have = helping verb)
Indirect Speech : I asked the postman if he had brought any letter for mother.
(iv) Direct Speech : The nurse said to the doctor, “Did you need my services in the Operation Theatre ?” (Did = helping verb)
Indirect Speech : The nurse asked/enquired of the doctor if he had needed his services in the Operation Theater.
(v) Direct Speech : Mr Singh asked his wife, “Do you want to have this necklace ?” (Do = helping verb)
Indirect Speech : Mr Singh asked his wife if she wanted to have that necklace.
⇒ Rule 4
If the Direct Speech is said to be Wh-interrogative / question pattern, the Indirect Speech will have asked + (Object) Wh-question + Subject + Verb …. [ଯଦି Direct Speech ରେ Wh-interrogative question pattern ବା ଆକାରରେ ଥାଏ, ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭକ୍ତିରେ asked + (object) Wh-word + Subject + Verb ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।]
Examples:
(i) Direct Speech : I asked the stranger, “What is your name ?” (Wh-word=what)
Indirect Speech : I asked the stranger what his name was.
(ii) Direct Speech : The teacher said, “Where was Napoleon born?” (Wh-word = where)
Indirect Speech : The teacher asked where Napoleon was born (n’t ‘had born’)
(iii) Direct Speech : Chikul said to his teacher, “How can I work out these tough (difficult) sum?” (Wh-word = how)
Indirect Speech : Chikul asked his teacher how he could work out those tough sums.
⇒ Rule 5
If the Direct Speech is in the Imperative pattern(expressing order, advice, request, suggestion, warning etc.), the Indirect Speech will have asked/advised/requested/warned/suggested + to + Main Verb etc. [Direct Speech ରେ ଆଦେଶ/ଉପଦେଶାତ୍ମକ ବାକ୍ୟର pattern ଥାଏ, ତା’ହେଲେ Indirect Speech ରେ ordered/asked (ଆଦେଶ) / advised (ଉପଦେଶ)/ requested (ଅନୁରୋଧ) । warned (ସତର୍କ/ସାବଧାନ)/ suggested (ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ) + to + Main Verb ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।]
(i) Direct Speech : “Open your mouth”, asked the dentist (ଦନ୍ତ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ) to the patient.
Indirect Speech : The dentist asked the patient to open (to + Main Verb) his mouth.
(ii) Direct Speech : “Speak English most of the time,” said the teacher to Rahim.
Indirect Speech : The teacher advised Rahim to speak (to + Main Verb) English most of the time.
(iii) Direct Speech : Rani said to Arun, “Please lend me your dictionary.” (ଅନୁରୋଧ)
Indirect Speech : Rani requested Arun to lend (to + Main Verb) her his (Arun’s) dictionary.
(iv) Direct Speech: “Have your lunch early”, Pratik said to his father. (ମନେପକାଇଦେବା)
Indirect Speech : Pratik reminded (ମନେପକାଇଦେବା) his father to have (to + Main Verb) his lunch early.
(v) Direct Speech: “Hurry up or I’ll miss the train,” he asked his servant. (ସତର୍କ)
Indirect Speech : He warned his servant to hurry up (to + Main Verb) or he would miss the train.
(vi) Direct Speech : “March on,” said the captain to the players. (ଆଦେଶ)
Indirect Speech : The captain asked/commanded the players to march on. (to+MainVerb)
(vii) Direct Speech : He said, “Let’s stop here and rest for a while.” (ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ)
Indirect Speech : He suggested stopping (n’t ‘to stop’) there and resting for a while.
Optative Sentence (ଶୁଭେଚ୍ଛାମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
1. “Said to” is changed into wished’ (In the case of Good morning, Good noon, Good afternoon, Good evening etc.)
2. “Said to” is changed into ‘bade’. (In the case of Good night, Goodbye, Farewell etc.)
3. No conjunction is used in place of the “inverted commas”.
4. If the sentence has some desire (starts with ‘would that ! “O that!’ ‘If !’ etc), ‘said to’ is changed into ‘wished’.
5. If the sentence expresses some ‘wish’ or ‘prayer’ (starts with May …….. !’ or May God….! ‘said to’ is changed into ‘wished’ or ‘prayed’.
Now Consider the following examples.
1. He said to me, “Good morning”! (Direct)
He wished me good morning. (Indirect)
2. He said, “Goodbye friends !” (Direct)
He bade his friends goodbye. (Indirect)
3. The young man said, “If I could marry a film actress”. (Direct)
The young man wished that he could marry a film actress. (Indirect)
4. He said, “O for a drop of water !” (Direct)
He wished for a drop of water. (Indirect)
5. The old woman said to her son, “May you live long !” (Direct)
The old woman wished that her son might live long. (Indirect)
6. She said to me, “May God bless you with a son!”
She prayed that God might bless me with a son. (Indirect)
7. I said, “May you succeed in every field” ! (Direct)
I wished that he might succeed in every field. (Indirect)
8. I said, “May your father soon recover!” (Direct)
I wisher (or prayed) that his father might soon recover.
Imperative Sentence with ‘Let’
1. The officer said to the peon, “Let the visitor come in”. (Direct)
The officer ordered the peon to let the visitor come in.
Or, The officer ordered the peon that the visitor should be allowed to come in.
2. Mohan said to his father, “Let me finish my work. (Direct)
Mohan requested his father to let him finish his work. (Indirect)
3. The dying soldier said, “Let me have a look at the battlefield”. (Direct)
The dying soldier wished to have a look at the battlefield. (Indirect).
4. John said to Dipu, “Let us go out for a walk”. (Direct)
John proposed to Dipu that they should go out for a walk. (Indirect)
5. I said, “Let him try ever so hard, he will not succeed”. (Direct)
I said that however he might try he wouldn’t succeed. (Indirect)
6. I said, “Let him have his own way.” (ତାହାର ଯାହାଇଚ୍ଛା, ସେ କରୁ) (Direct)
I suggested that he should be allowed to have his own way. (Indirect)
Important Note :
If ‘this’, ‘these’ and ‘here’ refer to a person or thing present before the speaker, they will not undergo any change in the indirect speech.
* Mark the following examples :
1. Radha said, “This is my pen.” (Direct)
Radha said that this was her pen. (Indirect)
2. I said, “Here is the book I wanted”. (Direct)
I said that here was the book I wanted.
Changing Dialogue into Reporting :
Wolf (ଗଧୂଆ) : Why do you make the water dirty?
Lamb (ମେଣ୍ଢାଛୁଆ) : How can I make the water dirty. Sir, when it is flowing down from you to me?
Wolf : Then you must have spoiled it last year.
Lamb : I’m only three months old, sir.
Wolf : Then your father must have spoiled the water last year, I will, therefore, kill you.
Answer:
The wolf asked the lamb why he made the water dirty. The lamb respectfully (for Sir) replied how could he make the water dirty when it was flowing down from him (wolf) to him (lamb). The wolf told the lamb that then he must have spoiled at the previous year. The lamb replied that he was only three months old. At this the wolf asserted I (told confidently) that his father (lamb’s father) must have spoiled the water the previous year. He (wolf) would therefore kill him (the lamb).
Activity – 1
A nationally famous magician has arrived in your city and has presented his performance. His magic show has proved to be amazingly popular. Different local newspapers have given their comments on his performance as follows:
“The show is brilliant,” the Samaj.
“It made me jump up in delight,” the reporters from the Sambad.
“We can’t have a better show,” the Dharitri.
“You’ll love it,” the Dinalipi.
“You shouldn’t miss it”, the Prajatantra.
“His performance is outstanding,” the Matrubhasa.
Now put their comments in reported speech :
1. The Samaj reported that the show was brilliant.
2. The reporters from the Sambad said that it made him jump up in delight.
3. The Dharitri reported that they couldn’t have a better show.
4. The Dinalipi told the readers they would love it.
5. The Prajatantra urged the readers not to miss it.
6. The Matrubhasa commented that his (magician’s) performance was outstanding.
Activity – 2 :
Last Sunday you met your cousin (FFU) Makhan in the morning. Hereunder are some of the things he said to you.
Report the conversation to your mother the next day using indirect speech:
1. “I’d like to go to a good college, but my parents can’t afford to pay the fees”.
Answer:
I told mother that he (Makhan) would like to go to a good college, but his parents couldn’t afford to pay the fees.
2. “I’m living with a friend and working part-time”.
Answer:
(To mother) Makhan told me that he was living with a friend and working part time.
3. “I’m enjoying my work.”
Answer:
(To mother) Makhan told me that he (Makhan) was enjoying his work.
4. “My friend has got a scholarship for his higher studies.”
Answer:
(To mother) Makhan (he) told me that his friend had got a scholarship for his higher studies.
5. “I’ll tell my mother about our meeting”.
Answer:
(To mother) He (Makhan) would tell his mother about their meeting.
6. “I want to have my lunch with you.”
Answer:
(To mother) He (Makhan) offered to have lunch with me.
Activity – 3
Rewrite the following statements in Indirect Speech :
1. Rakhal said, “I shall never forget my childhood days.”
Answer:
Rakhal said that he would never forget his childhood days.
2. The children said, “We play football everyday.”
Answer:
The children said that they play football everyday. (habitual action)
3. The man said, “The house is on fire.”
Answer:
The man said that the house was on fire.
4. She says, “I don’t like sweets.”
Answer:
She says that she doesn’t like sweets. (repoting verb ‘says’ in simple present tense)
5. The guide said, “Puri is famous for the temple of Lord Jagannath.”
Answer:
The guide said that Puri is famous for the temple of Lord Jagannath. (general truth)
6. The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.”
Answer:
The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun. (general truth)
7. Father said, “Spring comes after winter.”
Answer:
Father said that spring comes after winter. (general fact)
8. He has said, “My son is going to hospital for treatment.”
Answer:
He has said that his son is going to hospital for treatment.
Activity – 4
Rewrite the following in indirect speech :
(i) Rabi said to me, “I know where you were born.”
Answer:
Rabi told me that he knew where I was born.
(ii) Father said, “Morning is at six today”.
Answer:
Father said that morning is at six today. (no change since father speaks in the morning)
(iii) She said, “I’ll help you in the hour of your need.”
Answer:
She said that she would help me in the hour of my need.
Or, She assured to help me in the hour of my need.
(iv) He said, “I collected these pebbles at the seashore.”
Answer:
He said that he had collected these pebbles (ଗୋଡ଼ି) at the seashore.
(v) I said to him, “You didn’t keep fit last year.
Answer:
I told him that he hadn’t kept fit the previous year.
(vi) The teacher said to me, “You must work hard for your examination.”
Answer:
The teacher advised me to work hard for my examination.
(vii) The doctor said to me, “You mustn’t smoke.”
Answer:
The doctor forbade me to smoke.
(viii) Sushil said, “We celebrate our Republic Day on 26th January every year.
Answer:
Sushil said that they celebrate their Republic Day on 26th January every year.
(ix) He said, “I was playing the violin every morning last year.
Answer:
He said that he was playing the violin every morning the previous year.
(x) He said, “These are my toys”.
Answer:
He said these (not ‘those’) are his toys.
Activity – 5
The wedding of your sister has just been over. Your friend Mahesh asks you a lot of questions about the bridegroom. Now report, in indirect speech, the questions Mahesh asked you.
(i) What is the name of your sister’s husband?
(ii) What is he doing?
(iii) Where is he posted at present?
(iv) Has he ever been abroad?
(v) How long did he stay there ?
(vi) Has he ever gone to Australia ?
(vii) What salary does he get?
(viii) Will his salary increase next year?
Answers
Mahesh asked me :
(i) what the name of my sister’s husband was.
(ii) what he was doing.
(iii) where he was posted at present.
(iv) if he had ever been abroad.
(v) how long he had stayed there.
(vi) if he had ever gone to Australia.
(vii) what salary he got.
(viii) if his salary
Activity – 6
Suppose your father is a retired headmaster of a high school. The Director, Doordarshan Centre, Bhubaneswar, invited him on the Teacher’s Day to give a message to the students. The Programme Assistant asked him the following questions. Report them in indirect speech:
(i) Why is this day observed in the whole of India?
Answer:
Why this day is observed in the whole of India.
(ii) What difference do you mark between the education imparted now and that which was imparted at your time?
Answer:
What difference he marked between the education imparted then and the education imparted (given) at his time.
(iii) What is your impression on the teachers working at present and those who were working at your time?
Answer:
What his impression (idea) on the teachers working at present and those working at his time was.
(iv) Do you think that the system of education has improved a lot?
Answer:
If he thought that the system of education had improved a lot.
(v) Haven’t the students become more knowledgeable than before?
Answer:
If the students hadn’t become more knowledgeable than before.
(vi) Has their conduct changed for the better?
Answer:
If their conduct had changed for the better.
(vii) Will they grow into good citizens of our country?
Answer:
If they would grow into good citizens of their country.
(viii) What message do you have for the students of our counry?
Answer:
What message (ବାର୍ତ୍ତା) he did have for the students of the country.
Activity – 7
Turn into indirect speech :
(i) “Consult a doctor immediately,” he said to me.
Answer:
He advised me to consult (ଦେଖା କରିବାପାଇଁ) a doctor immediately.
(ii) “Hurry up, or you will miss the train,” he said to me.
Answer:
He asked me to hurry up or I would miss the train.
(iii) “Don’t get addicted to tea,” he said to me.
Answer:
He advised me not to get addicted to tea.
(iv) “Your mouth smells foul. Don’t open it,” he said.
Answer:
He said that my mouth smells foul (ଗନ୍ଧ କରୁଛି). So he asked me not to open it.
(v) The captain said, “Hurrah! We have scored two goals !”
Answer:
The captain applauded saying that they had scored tow goals.
(vi) The General said, “Bravo! You have done wonders !”
Answer:
The General admired me and told that I had done wonders.
(vii) The teacher said to Nirmal, “What a lazy boy you are!”
Answer:
The teacher told Nirmal that he was a very lazy boy.
(viii) My friend said to me, “How nice of you to have come !”
Answer:
My friend exclaimed in joy that it was nice of me to have come.
(ix) The traveller said, “Farewell, friends.”
Answer:
The travellers bade his friends goodbye.
(x) The beggar, “Oh, for a morsel of food!”
Answer:
The beggar wished for a morsel of food.
(xi) “If only I had the wings of a dove !” he said.
Answer:
He wished that if only he had the wings of a dove.
Activity – 8
“Are you leaving today?” Maggie asked, “Yes”, I replied, “Today is the day of my departure.”
“How long will it take to reach your country? In which part of the country do you live?” She wanted to know. I replied, “Punjab, in the west.”
“Please, put a flower on my brother’s grave, “She requested me with tears in her eyes.
Answer:
Maggie asked (me) if he was leaving that day. At this I replied that today was the day of my departure. Then she (Maggie) asked me how long it would take me to reach my country and in which part of the country I lived. I replied that I live (d) in the western Punjab. Maggie, with tears in her hands, requested me to put a flower on her brother’s grave.
At A Glance :
The following types of sentences can be changed from the Direct into Indirect form of Naration :
(a) Assertive Sentence (ବିବୃତିମୂଳକ ବା ତଥ୍ୟାତ୍ମକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(b) Interrogative Sentence (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(c) Imperative Sentence (ଆଦେଶ, ଉପଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(d) Optative Sentence (ଆଶିଷ ବା କାମନାସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(e) Exclamatory Sentence (ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)
(A) Assertive Delcrative Sentence.
⇒ Rule 1:
If the Reporting Verb is in the Present Simple or will / shall + main verb, the tense of the verb in the reported speech will remain unchanged. (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ Reporting Verb Present Simple (say / says) ବା will / shall + main verb (will / shall say) ରୂପରେ ଥିଲେ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ tense verb ର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେବ / ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।)
Mark the following examples with the underlined Reporting Verbs:
I. She says, “My father is a doctor.” (Direct Speech)
She says that (ଯେ) her father is a doctor. (Indirect Speech)
Here the Reporting Verb ‘says’ remains unchanged.
So the tensed verb ‘is’ remains unchanged, ‘my’ is changed into ‘her’, ‘that’ as a conjunction (ଏକ ଅବ୍ୟୟ ରୂପେ) is usually used.
II. Meera will say, “My father has gone to Mumbai.” (Direct Speech)
Meera will say that her father has gone to Mumbai. (Indirect Speech)
⇒ Rule 2 :
If the Reporting Verb is in the Past Simple tense (said or told etc.), the tensed verbs in the Reported Speech are changed in the corresponding Past tense.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ Reporting Verb Past Simple tense ରେ ଥିଲେ, tensed verb ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସେହି ଅନୁସାରେ Past tense ରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ।)
Mark the underlined changed words:
(i) Gopal said, “I am very hungry.” (Direct)
Gopal said that he was very hungry. (Indirect)
(ii) You said, “He was a philosopher.” (ଦାର୍ଶନିକ) (Direct)
You said that he had been a philosopher. (Indirect)
(iii) Rahul said, “I may win a prize in this competition today.” (Direct)
Rahul said that he might win a prize in that competition that day. (Indirect)
(iv) Mr Mishra said, “I was listening to the radio commentary. (Direct Past Progressive)
Mr Mishra said that he had been listening to the radio commentary. (Indirect) (Past Perfect Progressive)
A very important information:
If in a Direct Speech, the Reporting Verb ‘said to’ and it is followed by on object, then ‘said to’ changed into ‘told’ while changing it into an Indirect Speech. (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିର Reporting Verb ‘said to’ (with object ବା କର୍ମ) ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭକ୍ତିରେ told କୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ହୁଏ ।)
Mark the following examples :
(v) He said to me, “I am not going to Kolkata.” (Direct)
He told me that he was not going to Kolkata. (Indirect)
(vi) Sheela said to her mother, “I have finished my work.” (Direct)
Sheela told her mother that she had finished her work. (Indirect)
Please keep in mind :
This is not necessary that ‘said to’ should be changed into ‘told’ in every sentence. ‘Said to’ can be changed into ‘replied’, stated, informed, remarked, complained, added, asserted, assured, pleaded, reported, reminded, complained, etc. depending on the nature of the sentence.
(Direct Speech ବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଉକ୍ତିର ଅର୍ଥାନୁସାରେ ‘said to’ କୁ ଉପରୋକ୍ତ verbs ବା କ୍ରିୟାପଦରେ ରୂପାନ୍ତରିତ କରାଯାଏ।)
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | |
| (Reporting verbs) | ||
| said to | _______________ | replied (ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲା / ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ) |
| said to | _______________ | stated (ଦର୍ଶାଇଲା / ଦର୍ଶାଇଲେ) |
| said to | _______________ | informed (ସୂଚନା ଦେଇ କହିଲେ / କହିଲା) |
| said to | _______________ | remarked (ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଦେଲେ / ଦେଲା) |
| said to | _______________ | added (ପୁନଶ୍ଚ କହିଲା / କହିଲେ) |
| said to | _______________ | asserted (ଦୃଢ଼ତାର ସହିତ କହିଲା / କହିଲେ) |
| said to | _______________ | assured (ଆଶ୍ଵାସନା ଦେଇ କହିଲେ / କହିଲା) |
| said to | _______________ | pleaded (ଅନୁନୟ କରି କହିଲା / କହିଲେ) |
| said to | _______________ | reported (ଖବର ଦେଲେ / ଦେଲା) |
| said to | _______________ | reminded (ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଲେ / ଦେଲା) |
| said to | _______________ | complained (ଅଭିଯୋଗ କର କହିଲେ / କହିଲା) |
(vii) I said to my neighboiur, “Your children have spoiled my garden.” (Direct)
I complained to my neighbour that his children had spoiled my garden. (Indirect)
(viii) The culprit (ଦୋଷୀ) said, “I am innocent (ନିଦୋଷ). (Direct)
The culprit pleaded that he was innocent. (Indirect)
(ix) Mother said to father, “Remember to bring my umbrella.” (Direct)
Mother reminded father to bring her umbrella. (Indirect)
(x) My friend Suresh said to me, “I will help you.” (Direct)
My friend Suresh assured me of his help. (Indirect)
(xi) I said to my enemy, “I will throw you into the lock-up (jail).” (Direct)
I threatened (ଧମକାଇ କହିଲି) my enemy to throw him into the lock-up. (Indirect)
Exception to the Rule (ନିୟମର ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ) :
If the Reported Speech has some universal truth, scientific fact, proverbial truth, past historical fact or some habitual truth, the tense will not change according to the past tense of the reporting verb.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଉକ୍ତିରେ ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ସତ୍ୟ, ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ସତ୍ୟ, ଲୋକବାଣୀ, ଅତୀତର ଐତିହାସିକ ସତ୍ୟ ବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସଗତ ସତ୍ୟ ଆଦି ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଥଲେ, ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ tense ର କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।)
Study the following examples carefully:
(i) The teacher said, “The earth is round.” (Direct / Universal truth)
The teacher said that the earth is round. (Indirect)
(ii) Newton said, “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” (Direct / Scientific fact)
Newton said that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (Indirect)
(iii) My father said, “Honesty is the best policy.” (Direct / Proverbial truth)
My father said that honesty is the best policy. (Indirect)
(iv) I said, “India became free in 1947.” (Direct/Historical truth)
I said that India became free in 1947. (Indirect)
(v) Father said, “I am an early riser.” (Direct / Habitual truth)
Father said that he is an early riser. (Indirect)
If the Reported Speech has two actions in the Past Continuous or Progressive tense, its tense will not change according to the Past Simple tense of the Reporting verb.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ଦୁଇଟି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ Past continuous ବା Progressive tense ରେ ଥିଲେ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ଏହି tense ର କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।)
He said, “The speaker was speaking and the audience were cheering.” (Direct)
He said that the speaker was speaking and the audience were cheering.
Change of Tense in Sentences having “Must” and “Needn’t”.
During a conversation (କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ସମୟରେ) “Must” expresses some “necessity” or “compulsion” (ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା କିମ୍ବା। ବାଧ୍ୟକତା) in the present tense. In this sense (ଏହି ଅର୍ଥରେ), it is used in place of “have to”. “Needn’t” is also used in the same tense.
Mark the following examples :
(i) Direct Speech : He said, “I must go now”. (Present tense)
Indirect Speech : He said that he had to go then. (Changed into past tense)
(ii) Direct Speech : The girl said, “I needn’t go.” (Present tense)
Indirect Speech : The girl said that she didn’t have to go.
“Must” sometimes expresses (ସୂଚିତ କରେ) “Necessity” or “Compulsion” in the future tense. In this sense it is used in place of “shall have to”.
Mark the following examples :
(i) Direct Speech : He said, “I must leave for Puri next week.”
Indirect Speech : He said that he would have to leave for Puri the following week.
(ii) Direct Speech : He said, “I needn’t go to Puri next week.”
Indirect Speech : He said that he wouldn’t have to go to Puri the following week.
“Must” sometimes expresses “permanent prohibition” (ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ନିଷେଧ) or “Permanent Ruling” (ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ନିୟମ).
Examples
(i) Direct Speech : The policeman said to us, “You mustn’t cross the road against the red-light.”
Indirect Speech : The policeman told us that we mustn’t cross the road against the red light.
(B) Interrogative Sentence:
For change from Direct to Indirect in the case of Interrogative sentence, follow the following procedure.
(ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିକୁ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଉକ୍ତିରେ ପରିଣତ କରିବାପାଇଁ ନିମ୍ନଳିଖୁତ ନିୟମଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କର।)
| Yes-No question | Wh-question |
| ‘said to’ is changed into asked or enquired depending on the nature or mood of the sentences. (ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଭାବନା ଅନୁସାରେ ‘said to’ କୁ asked ବା enquired (ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ / ଚାହିଁଲି ଆଦିରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ କରାଯାଏ।) |
‘said to’ is changed into asked or enquired depending on the nature or mood of the sentences. (ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଭାବନା ଅନୁସାରେ said to କୁ asked ବା enquired ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ କରାଯାଏ ।) |
| (i) Auxiliary verbs beginning with is, am, are, was, were, do does, did, have, had, has, may, might, can, could, shall, would, etc | (i) Questions words beginning with who, whose, whom, when, where, how etc. are retained with wh-words + subject + verbs(s) (wh-words + + କର୍ତ୍ତା + କ୍ରିୟାପଦରୁ ରହିଥାଏ।) |
Study the following examples :
(i) Father said to me, “Have you done your home work ? (Direct Speech / Yes – No) (Have – auxiliary question verb)
Answer:
Father asked me if I had done my homework, (if + subject (I) + had done (verbs) + … )
(ii) Father said to me, “How have you done your homework ?” (Direct Speech / wh-question, How-wh-word)
Answer:
Father asked me how I had done my homework.
| Yes-No question | Wh-question |
| (i) The girl said to me, “Does Das Sir teach you English.” (Does – auxiliary verb) (Direct) Answer: The girl asked me if Das Sir taught me English (Indirect) |
(i) The girl said to me, “Who teaches you English?” (Who-wh-word) (Direct) Answer: The girl asked me who taught me English (Indirect) |
| (ii) He said, “Shall I open the window ?” (Shall – auxiliary verb) (Direct) Answer: He asked if he should open the window. (Indirect) |
(ii) He said, “When shall I opwn the window ?” (Wh-wh-word) (Direct) Answer: He asked when he should open the window. (Indirect) |
| (iii) The teacher said to Sangita, “Did you take my class yesterday?” (Did – auxiliary verb)(Direct) Answer: The teacher asked Sangita if she had liked has class the day before. (Indirect) |
(iii) The teacher said to Sangita, “How did you like my class yesterday?” (How-wh-word) (Direct) Answer: The teacher asked Sangita how she had liked his class the day before. (Indirect) |
(C) Imperative Sentence:
In the imperative sentences, as the sense of Order, Command, Advice, Request, Warning, Suggestion etc. are conveyed, said to is changed into different verb forms depending on the nature of the sentences.
| Direct Speech | for | Indirect Speech |
| ‘said to’ | order command (ଆଦେଶ) |
ordered / commanded .. |
| ‘said to’ | advice (ଉପଦେଶ) | advised … |
| ‘said to’ | warning (ସତର୍କ) | warned … |
| ‘said to’ | request (ଅନୁରୋଧ) (please) |
reqiested … |
| ‘said to’ | (forbid) (ବାରଣ) | forbade … |
| main verb | _____________ | to + main verb … |
| Don’t + main verb | _____________ | not to + main verb … |
If the imperative sentence starts with ‘Let’ and expresses some proposal or suggestion, ‘said to’ is changed into ‘proposed to’ or suggested to and ‘that …. should’ be used in place of ‘that’.
But, if the ‘Let’ convey (ସୂଚିତ କରାଏ) the sense (ଅର୍ଥ) or ‘allow’ or ‘persuade’, ‘said to’ is changed into ‘ordered’ or requested.
Now consider the following examples :
(i) The master said to the servant, “Post the letter at once.” (Direct/Order)
The master ordered (ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ) the servant to post (to + main verb) the letter at once. (Indirect).
(ii) Father said to me, “Work hard for your examination”. (Direct / Advice)
Father advised me to work hard for my examination. (Indirect)
(iii) The commander said to the soldiers, :Attack the enemy post at once”. (Direct/Command)
The commander commanded the soldiers to attack the enemy post at once. (Indirect)
(iv) Father said to me, “Beware (ସତର୍କ ରହ) of fairweather (ସ୍ୱାର୍ଥପର) friends”. (Direct/ warning)
Father warned me to beware of fairweather friends. (Indirect)
(v) The girl said to the class teacher, “Please grant me a day’s leave”. (Indirect / Request)
The girl requested the class teacher to grant her a day’s leave. (Indirect)
(vi) I said to my brother, “Let’s open a shop”. (Direct / Suggestion)
I suggested (or proposed) my brother that we should open shop. (Indirect)
But
⇒ The headmaster said to the peon, “Let the boy come in”. (ବାଳକକୁ ଭିତରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ଦିଅ ।) (Direct / Order)
The headmaster ordered the peon that the boy might be allowed to come in. (Indirect)
⇒ Mohan said to his father, “Let me finish my work”. (Direct / Request)
Mohan requested his father to let him finish his work. (Indirect)
(D) Exclamatory Sentence
When a sentence expresses a sudden feeling of joy, sorrow, surprise or admiration etc., it is said to be exclamatory sentence, (ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ହଠାତ୍ ଆନନ୍ଦ, ଦୁଃଖ, ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ପ୍ରଶଂସା ଆଦିର ଆଦେଶ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟକୁ ‘ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ’ କୁହାଯାଏ।)
1. Now Look at the following chart:
| The words of Exclamation | Gives the sense of | ‘said to’ should be changed into |
| (ବିସ୍ମୟାଦି ଶବ୍ଦବିଶେଷ) Alas ! (ଆହାଃ) |
(ଅର୍ଥ ସୂଚିତ କରିଥାଏ) sorrow (ଦୁଃଖ) |
exclaimed (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲେ / ଗଲା) |
| Hurrah ! (ହୁରେ…) | joy (ଆନନ୍ଦ) | exclaimed with joy |
| Sorry ! (ଦୁଃଖତ) | Regret (ଅନୁତାପଜନିତ ଦୁଃଖ) | exclaimed with regret |
| Bravo ! (ସାବାସ୍) | Applaud (ପ୍ରଶଂସା) | applauded (ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରି କହିଲେ) |
2. ‘What’ or ‘How’ changes into ‘Very’ or ‘Great’.
3. The Inverted commas are replaced by ‘that’.
⇒ Study the following examples :
(i) They said, “Hurrah! We have won the match”. (Direct)
They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. (Indirect)
(ii) The old miser said, “Alas ! I am undone !” (ମୋର ସର୍ବନାଶ ହୋଇଗଲା !)
The old man exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone. (Indirect)
(iii) The commander said to the soldiers, “Bravo ! You fought bravely. (Direct)
The commander applauded the soldiers saying that they had fought bravely. (Indirect)
(iv) I said to him, “What a fool you are !” (Direct)
I exclaimed that he was a great fool. (Indirect)
(v) She said, “How lovely the child is !” (Direct)
She said that the child was very lovely. (Indirect)
(E) OPERATIVE TYPE Follow the following rules :
1. ‘Said to’ is changed into ‘wished’.
[In the case of Good morning, Good noonm, Good afternoon, Good evening etc.]
2. ‘Said to’ is changed into ‘bade’ (ବିଦାୟ ଦେଲେ / ଦେଲା)
[In the case of Good night, Goodbye, Farewell etc.]
3. If the sentence conveys (ଜଣାଏ) some desire (କାମନା) (i.e. ‘would that’ / ‘O that!’, ‘If!’ etc.) ‘said to’ is changed into wished or prayed.
See the following examples :
(i) Rama said to me, “Good morning! (Direct)
Rama wished me good morning. (Indirect)
(ii) He said, “Goodbye, friends!” (Direct)
He bade his friends goodbye. (Indirect)
(iii) The young man said, “If I could marry a film actress !” (Direct)
The young man wished that the could marry a film actress. (Indirect)
(iv) The drunkard (ମଦୁଆ) said, “O for a drop of wine !” (Direct)
The drunkard wished for a drop of wine. (Indirect)
(v) The saint (ଋଷି) said to the girl, “May you live long !” (Direct)
The saint wished that she might live long. (Indirect)
(vi) She said to me, “May God bless you with a son!” (Direct)
She prayed that God might bless me with a son. (Indirect)
Direct and Indirect Speech Additional Questions With Answers
Complete the sentences.
1. The teacher said that _________.
Answer:
the earth goes round the sun.
2. He asked me _________.
Answer:
where I lived.
3. She asked her mother _________.
Answer:
how she felt.
4. Galileo proved that _________.
Answer:
the sun is stationary.
5. Newton opined that _________.
Answer:
every action has equal and opposite reaction.
6. The commander commanded the soldiers _________.
Answer:
to march ahead.
7. Minu requested her friend _________.
Answer:
to give her a pen.
8. Mother reminded father _________.
Answer:
to take his medicine in time.
9. Mother warned the child _________.
Answer:
not to play with fire.
10. My friend wished me _________.
Answer:
good luck.
Rewrite the sentences in Indirect Speech.
1. My father said “ I go for a morning walk everyday”.
Answer:
My father said that he goes for a morning walk everyday.
2. The teacher said, “Oil floats on water”.
Answer:
The teacher said that oil floats on water.
3. He said, “ Marconi invented radio”.
Answer:
He said that Marconi invented radio.
4. Rabi said to me, “I know where you were born”.
Answer:
Rabi said to me that he knew where I was born.
5. She said, “These are my toys”.
Answer:
She said that those were her toys.
6. He said, “I collected the pebbles at the seashore”.
Answer:
He said that he had collected the pebbles at the seashore.
7. She said to me, “I’ll help you in the hour of your need”.
Answer:
She told me that she would help me in the hour of my need.
8. I thought, “There must be some mistake”.
Answer:
I thought that there must be some mistake.
9. My friend said, “I was playing the piano every morning”.
Answer:
My friend said that he had been playing the piano every morning,
10. She said, “I must go soon”.
Answer:
She said that she would have to go soon.
11. He said, “I bought a pen for my sister”.
Answer:
He said that he had bought a pen for his sister,
12. My friend said to me, “When did you return home ?”
Answer:
My friend asked me when I had returned home.
13. She said, “What happened” ?
Answer:
She asked what had happened.
14. He said, “Who lives next door ?”
Answer:
He asked who lived next door.
15. Rahim said to me, “ Do you know him ?”
Answer:
Rahim asked me if/whether I knew him.
16. Rakesh said, “I must go to the library today”.
Answer:
Rakesh told that he had to go to the library that day.
17. Reshma said, “I shall be sitting here tomorrow.”
Answer:
Reshma said thatshe would be sitting there the next day.
18. He said, “Everybody stood up when the guest arrived”.
Answer:
He said that everybody stood up when the guest arrived.
19. He said, “I bought the house because it was on the main road”.
Answer:
He told that he had bought the house because it was on the main road.
20. She said, “I was reading ten hours a day”.
Answer:
She said that she was/had been reading ten hours a day.
21. He said, “ I had been reading a lot in my teens”.
Answer:
He Said that he had been reading a lot in his teens.
22. “You must eat all the cakes,” mother told us.
Answer:
Mother told us that we had to eat all the cakes.
23. “He must be ill,” his friend said.
Answer:
His friend said that he must be ill.
24. He said, “Is it raining heavily ?”
Answer:
He asked if it was raining heavily.
25. He said, “Shall I open the window ?”
Answer:
He asked if he would open the window.
26. The teacher said, “Where was Alexander born ?”
Answer:
The teacher asked/wanted to know where Alexander was born.
27. Mother said to father, “Remember to bring your umbrella”.
Answer:
Mother reminded father to bring his umbrella.
28. Mother said to me, “Don’t keep late hours”.
Answer:
Mother advised me not to keep late hours.
29. He said, “Let’s stop here”.
Answer:
He suggested stopping there / He suggested that we should stop there
30. The teacher said, “Don’t move, boys”.
Answer:
The teacher told the boys not to move.
31. Mother said to the child, “ Don’t touch fire”.
Answer:
Mother warned the child not to touch the fire.
32. The commander said to the soldiers, “March on”.
Answer:
The commander commanded/ordered the soldiers to march on.
33. Dhoni said to Kohli, “Congratulations”.
Answer:
Dhoni congratulated Kohli
34. He said, “How foolish you are !”
Answer:
He said that I was very foolish
35. My friend said, “Good morning”.
Answer:
My friend wished me a good moming/my friend greeted me.
36. Babul said to Ashish, “Would you mind helping me ?”
Answer:
Babul requested Ashish to help him.
37. He said, “Hello! Where do you live?”
Answer:
He greeted me and asked where I lived.
38. The priest said, “May God save the poor”.
Answer:
The priest prayed that God might save the poor
39. He said, “Alas! The poor old man is dead”.
Answer:
He exclaimed in sorrow that the poor old man was dead.
40. He said, “ Good luck”.
Answer:
He wished me good luck.