BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ବାର୍କେ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ )।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇ-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)
(क) ‘ममता’ कहानी का सारमर्म अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
(‘ମସ୍ତା’ କହାନୀ କା ସାରମର୍ମ ଅତ୍ମନେ ଶବ୍ଦା ମେଁ ଲିଖୁଏ )।
(‘ମମତା’ କାହାଣୀର ସାରମର୍ମ ନିଜ ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖି ।)
उत्तर:
ममता मध्ययुग के रोहतास दुर्ग के ब्राह्मण मन्त्री चूड़ामणि की विधवा पुत्री है। पहले माता और कुछ दिनों के बाद पठानों से हुए संघर्ष में ममता के पिता का मौत हो गयी। मगर मुगल बादशाह हुमायूँ चौसा- युद्ध में शेरशाह से हारकर एक रात ममता की झोंपड़ी में आश्रय लिया। ममता को हुमायूँ का परिचय मालूम न होते हुए भी झोपड़ी में आश्रय देती है। एवं स्वंय पास की टूटी दीवारों में चली जाती। इसके साथ ४७ सालों के बाद अकवर मुगल बादशाह बनते हैं। उस स्थान पर हुमायूँ की स्मृति में एक अष्टकोण मन्दिर बनवाया जाता है, पर मन्दिर में ममता का नाम कहीं भी लिखा नहीं जाता।

(ख) ‘ममता’ कहानी का मुख्य चरित्र कौन है? उसकी चारित्रिक विशेषताओं को बताइए।
(‘ମମ୍‌’ କହାନୀ କା ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଚରିତ୍ର କୌନ୍ ହୈ ? ଉସ୍‌ ଚାରିତ୍ରିକ୍ ୱିଶେଷତାଓଁ କୋ ବତାଇଏ)।
(ମମତା କାହାଣୀର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଚରିତ୍ର କିଏ ? ତାହାର ଚାରିତ୍ରିକ ବିଶେଷତ୍ଵ କୁହ ।)
उत्तर:
ममता कहानी का मुख्य चरित्र रोहतास दुर्ग के ब्राह्मण मन्त्रो चूड़ामणि की विधवा बेटी ‘ममता’ है। पिताजी पुत्री को स्वर्ण मुद्रा भेंट करते है लेकिन नि: लोभता से यह भेंट ठुकरा देती है। चूड़ामणि के देहान्त के बाद रोहताश दुर्ग को शेरशाह अधिकार कर लिया और ममता एक बौद्ध मठ के खण्डहरों में जा छिपती है। मुगल बादशाह हुमायूँ एक रात ममता की झोंपड़ी में आश्रय के लिए भिक्षा माँगते और आश्रय पाते हैं मगर ममता पास की टूटी दीवारों में चली जाती है। इससे ममता की कंलक मुक्त चारित्रिक साबित हुआ। वह कहती है मैं ब्राह्मण हू, मुझे तो अपने धर्म- अतिथी देव की उपासना का पालन करना चाहिए।

(ग) इस कहानी से आपको क्या प्रेरणा मिलती है?
(ଇସ୍ କହାନୀ ସେ ଆପ୍‌ କ୍ୟା ପ୍ରେରଣା ମିଲ୍‌ ହୈ ?)
(ଏହି କାହାଣୀରୁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରେରଣା ମିଳୁଛି ?)
उत्तर:
ब्राह्मण – मन्त्री चूड़ामणि की स्नेहममता विधवा बेटी ममता पर निदक झलक है। ममता विधवा हिन्दु नारी चरित्रको अक्षुर्ण रख सकती। उसने अपने जीवन को मानव सेवा में उत्सर्गिकृत करदिया। उस के साल हमें जीवन में संघर्ष करते हुए जीना चाहिए हमें अपने धर्म और कर्त्तव्य का कभी नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए। विपन्न समय में आए हुए शरणागती की रक्षाकरनी चाहिए।

(घ) इस कहानी में लेखक का उद्देश्य स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ଇସ୍ କହାନୀ ମେଁ ଲେଖକ କା ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ) ।
(ଏହି କାହାଣୀରେ ଲେଖକଙ୍କ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କର ।)
उत्तर:
इस कहानी में जयशंकर प्रसाद ने हिन्दू ब्राह्मणो विधवा ‘ममता’ के माध्यम से भारतीय संस्कृति और पारंपरिक मुल्यवोध को दर्शाया गया। यहाँ हिन्दू और मुसलमान दोनो धर्म को चर्चा करने के साथ विधवा चरित्र एक कलंकमुक्त, परोपकारी, निर्लोभ, निर्भिक, अतिथिसेवा और कामना वासना गुणो को त्याग करने का आदि विशेष गुणों का निच्छक प्रतिछवि स्पष्ट रूप से चित्रित होसका है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

2. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दो वाक्यों में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କା ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ୟା ଦୋ ବାର୍କେ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) रोहतास दुर्ग के प्रकोष्ठ में बैठी हुई युवती ममता किसे देख रही थी?
(ରୋହତାସ୍ ଦୁର୍ଗ କେ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ମେଁ ବୈଠୀ ହୁଈ ୟୁବତୀ ମମତା କିସ୍ ଦେଖ୍ ରହୀ ଥୀ ?)
(ରୋହତାସ ଦୁର୍ଗର ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠରେ ଯୁବତୀ ମମତା ବସିରହି କ’ଣ ଦେଖୁଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
रोहतास दुर्ग के प्रकोष्ठ में बैठी हुई युवती ममता शोण के तीक्ष्ण गम्भीर प्रवाह को देख रही थी।

(ख) ममता का यौवन किसके समान उमड़ रहा था?
(ମମତା କା ଯୌବନ୍ କିସ୍‌ ସମାନ୍ ଉମଡ଼୍ ରହା ଥା ?)
(ମମତାର ଯୌବନ କାହା ସହିତ ଆବେଗତା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता का यौवन शोण के समान उमड़ रहा था।

(ग) संसार में सबसे तुच्छ निराश्रय प्राणी कौन है?
(ସଂସାର୍ ମେଁ ସବ୍‌ ତୁଚ୍ଛ ନିରାଶ୍ରୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀ କୌନ୍ ହୈ ?)
(ସଂସାରରେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ତୁଚ୍ଛ ନିରାଶ୍ରୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀ କିଏ ?)
उत्तर:
संसार में सबसे तुच्छ निराश्रय प्राणी हिन्दू विधवा है।

(घ) चूड़ामणि क्यों व्यथित हो गये ?
(ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି କ୍ୟା ବ୍ୟର୍ଥିତ ହୋ ଗୟେ ?)
(ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି କାହିଁକି ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
शोण के प्रवाह में ममता अपना जीवन मिलाने में बेसुध होने के साथ पिता का आना नहीं जानसकी, इसलिए चुडामणी व्यथित हो गये।

(ङ) ममता ने पिता का उपहार क्यों स्वीकार नहीं किया?
(ମମ୍‌ତା ନେ ପିତା କା ଉପହାର୍ ଜ୍ୟୋ ସ୍ଵୀକାର ନହୀ କିୟା ?
(ମମତା କାହିଁକି ପିତାଙ୍କ ଉପହାର ସ୍ଵୀକାର କଲା ନାହିଁ ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने पिता का उपहार इसलिए स्वीकार नहीं किया कि म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच स्वीकार करना ठीक नहीं है। हम लोग ब्राह्मण है, इतना सोना लेकर क्या करेंगे ?

(च) चूड़ामणि का हृदय क्यों धक् धक् करने लगा ?
(ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି କା ହୃଦୟ ବ୍ୟୋ ଧକ୍-ଧକ୍ କର୍‌ନେ ଲଗା ?)
(ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣିର ହୃଦୟ କାହିଁକି ଧକ୍-ଧକ୍ କଲା ?)
उत्तर:
जब डोलियों का तांता भीतर आ रहा था तब चूड़ामणि का हृदय धक् धक् करने लगा।

(छ) ब्राह्मण – मन्त्री कैसे मारा गया?
(ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ-ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କୈସେ ମାରା ଗୟା ?)
(ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ-ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ କିପରି ମାରି ଦିଆଗଲା ?)
उत्तर:
चुडामणी ने जाकर रोहतास दुर्ग के तोरण निकट की डोलियों का आवरण खुलवाना चाहा। पठानों ने कहा – यह महिलाओं का अपमान करना है। बात बढ़ गयी, तलवारों खिचीं ब्राह्मण मंत्री मारा गया।

(ज) मौर्य और गुप्त सम्राटों की कीर्त्ति का खण्डहर कहाँ था?
(ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଔର୍ ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟୋ କୀ କୀର୍ଜୀ କା ଖଡ୍ଗର୍ କହାଁ ଥା ?)
(ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ମାନଙ୍କର କୀର୍ତ୍ତିର ଭଗ୍ନସ୍ତୂପ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
काशी के उत्तर धर्मचक्र बिहार मौर्य और गुप्त सम्राटो की कीर्ति का खंडहर था।

(झ) भारतीय शिल्प की विभूति कहां बिखरी हुई थी ?
(ଭାରତୀୟ ଶିଳ୍ପୀ ବିଭୂତୀ କହାଁ ବିଖରୀ ହୁଇ ଥୀ ?)
(ଭାରତୀୟ ଶିଳ୍ପର ଚମତ୍‌କାରିତା କେଉଁଠି ଝଟକୁଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
भारतीय शिल्प की विभूति भग्नचूड़ा, तृणा-गुल्मों से ढके हुए प्राचीर ईटो के ढेर में बिखरी हुई थी।

(ञ) ‘सब विधर्मी दया के पात्र नहीं’ – ऐसा ममता ने क्यों कहा?
(‘ସବ୍‌ ବିଧର୍ମୀ ଦୟା କେ ପାତ୍ର ନେହୀ ଐସା ମମତା ନେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ସବୁ ବିଧର୍ମୀ ଦୟାର ପାତ୍ର ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ଏପରି ମମତା କାହିଁକି କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
जब ममता सोचा कि मेरे पिता का वध करने वाले आततायी ये घायल व्यक्ति है। जो मुझसे आश्रय माँगते है तब ममता ने कहा – सब विधर्मी दया का पात्र नहीं होते।

(ट) स्त्री क्या विचार कर रही थी?
(ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କ୍ୟା ବିଚାର କର ରହୀ ଥୀ ?)
(ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କ’ଣ ବିଚାର କରୁଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
स्त्री विचार कर रही थी – “मै ब्राह्मण हूँ, मुझे तो अपने धर्म – अतिथि देव की उपसना का पालन करना चाहिए, परन्तु यहाँ सब विधर्मी दया के पात्र नहीं, मगर दया तो नहीं कर्त्तव्य करना है।

(ठ) ममता ने मन में क्या कहा?
(ମମତା ନେ ମନ୍ ମେଁ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ମମତା ମନକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने मन में कहा- “यहाँ कौन दुर्ग है। यही झोंपड़ी है, जो चाहे ले लो, मुझे तो अपना कर्त्तव्य करना पड़ेगा।”

(ड) किसके प्रकाश में मुगल ने ममता का मुखमण्डल देखा?
(କିସ୍‌ ପ୍ରକାଶ୍ ମେଁ ମୁଗ୍‌ ନେ ମମ୍‌ କା ମୁର୍ଖମଣ୍ଡଲ୍ ଦେଖା ?)
(କାହାର ଆଲୋକରେ ମୋଗଲ ମମତାର ମୁଖ ଦେଖିପାରିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
चन्द्रमा के प्रकाश में मुगल ने ममता का मुखमण्डल देखा।

(ढ) ममता ने मुगल से क्या कहा?
(ମମତା ନେ ମୁଗଲ୍ ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ମମତା ମୁଗଲକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने मुगल से कहा- “क्या आश्चर्य है कि तुम भी छल करो ।”

(ण) प्रभात में खण्डहर की सन्धि से ममता ने क्या देखा?
(ପ୍ରଭାତ୍ ମେଁ ଖଣ୍ଡହର୍ କୀ ସନ୍ଧୀ ସେ ମମ୍‌ ନେ କ୍ୟା ଦେଖା ?)
(ସକାଳୁ ଭଗ୍ନ କୁଡ଼ିଆର ଫାଙ୍କରେ ମମତା କ’ଣ ଦେଖୁଲା ?)
उत्तर:
प्रभात में खण्डहर की सन्धि से ममता ने सैकड़ों अश्वारोहियों को देखा।

(त) किस युद्ध को बहुत दिन बीत गये?
(କିସ୍ ୟୁଦ୍ଧ କୋ ବହୁତ୍ ଦିନ୍ ବୀଡ଼ଗୟେ ?)
(କେଉଁ ଯଦ୍ଧ ବହୃତ ଦିନ ହୋଇଗଲାଣି ?)
उत्तर:
चौसा के मुगल-पठान युद्ध को बहुत दिन बीत गये।

(थ) हुमायूँ ने एक दिन कहाँ विश्राम किया था?
(ହୁମାମୁଁ ନେ ଏକ ଦିନ୍ କହାଁ ୱିଶ୍ରାମ୍ କ୍ରିୟା ଥା ?)
(ହୁମାମୁଁ ଦିନେ କେଉଁଠି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରିଥିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ ने एक दिन ममता की झोंपड़ी में विश्राम किया था।

(द) हुमायूँ कौन था? उसका युद्ध किससे और कहाँ हुआ?
(ହୁମାମୁଁ କୌନ୍ ଥା ? ଉସ୍‌ ୟୁଦ୍ଧକସ୍‌ ଔର କହା ହୁଆ ?
(ହୁମାମୁଁ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ? ତାଙ୍କର ଯୁଦ୍ଧ କାହା ସହିତ ଓ କେଉଁଠି ହୋଇଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ मुगल वादशाह थे। उसका युद्ध शेरशाह से चौसा में हुआ।

(ध) हुमायूँ ने मिरजा से क्या करने के लिए कहा?
(ହୁମାୟାଁ ନେ ମିରଜା ସେ କ୍ୟା କରନେ କେ ଲିଏ କହା ?)
(ହୁମାୟାଁ ମିରାଜାକୁ କ’ଣ କରିବାପାଇଁ କହିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ ने मिरजा से यह करने के लिए कहा- “उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी ‘न दे सका, उसका घर बनवा देना इसलिए कि विपति में मैने यहाँ आश्रय पाया था।

(न) ममता ने अश्वारोही से क्या कहा?
(ମମତା ନେ ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ମମତା ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने अश्वारोही से कहा- “मैं नहीं जानती वह शहंशाह था या साधारण मुगल, पर एक दिन इसी झोंपड़ी के नीचे वह रहा था। फिर भी वह मेरा घर बनाने की आज्ञा दे गया था, मगर मैं आजीवन अपनी झोंपड़ी खुदवाने के डर से भयभीत रही थी। ”

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक शब्द में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ। କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍-ଏକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ ।)
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ଦିଅ । )

(क) रोहतास दुर्गपति के मन्त्री कौन थे?
(ରୋହତାସ୍ ଦୁର୍ଗପତି କେ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କୌନ୍ ଥେ ?)
(ରୋହତାସ ଦୁର୍ଗର ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
चूडामणि

(ख) ममता किसकी पुत्री थी?
(ମମ୍‌ କିସ୍‌କୀ ପୁତ୍ରୀ ଥୀ ?)
(ମମତା କାହାର କନ୍ୟା (ଝିଅ ଥୁଲା ?)
उत्तर:
मन्त्री चूडामणि

(ग) शोण के प्रवाह में अपना जीवन मिलाने में कौन बेसुध थी?
(ଶୋଣ୍ କେ ପ୍ରବାହ ମେଁ ଅପ୍‌ନା ଜୀବନ୍ ମିଲାନେ ମେଁ କୌନ୍ ବେସୁଧ ଥୀ ?)
(ଶୋଣର ସ୍ରୋତରେ ନିଜ ଜୀବନକୁ ମିଶାଇ ଦେବାରେ କିଏ ମଗ୍ନ ଥୁଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता

(घ) सुनहली सन्ध्या में किसका पीलापन विकीर्ण होने लगा?
(ସୁହଲୀ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ମେଁ କିସ୍‌ ପୀଲାପନ୍‌ ୱିକୀର୍ଣ ହୋନେ ଲଗା ?)
(ସୁବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ କାହାର ହଳଦୀ ରଙ୍ଗ ବିଛୁଡ଼ି ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
सुवर्ण

(ङ) म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच किसने स्वीकार किया था?
(ପ୍ଲେକ୍ସ୍ କା ଉତ୍କୋଚ୍ କିସ୍‌ ସ୍ଵୀକାର୍ କିୟା ଥା ?)
(ମେଛର ଲାଞ୍ଚ କିଏ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କରିଥିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

(च) किसने कहा कि ‘माता’, मुझे आश्रय चाहिए?
(କିସ୍‌ କହା କି ‘ମାତା’, ମୁଝେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଚାହିଏ ?)
(କିଏ ସେ କହିଲେ ଯେ ମାତା ମୋତେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦରକାର ?)
उत्तर:
वादशाह हुमायूँ

(छ) कौन-से युद्ध में शेरशाह से विपन्न होकर मुगल रक्षा चाहता था?
(କୌନ୍-ସେ ୟୁଦ୍ଧ ମେଁ ଶେର୍‌ଶାହ ସେ ବିପନ୍ନ ହୋକର୍ ମୁଗଲ୍ ରକ୍ଷା ଚାହତା ଥା ?)
(କେଉଁ ଯୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଶେରଶାହ ଠାରୁ ବିପନ୍ନ ହୋଇ ମୋଗଲ ରକ୍ଷା ଚାହିଁଲା ?)
उत्तर:
चौसा

(ज) किसने सोचा कि उसे अतिथि – देव की उपासना का पालन करना चाहिए?
(କିସ୍‌ ସୋଚାକି ଉସ୍ ଅତିଥ୍-ଦେବ କୀ ଉପାସନା କା ପାଳନ୍ କର୍‌ନା ଚାହିଏ ?)
(କିଏ ସେ ବିଚାର କଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅତିଥ୍ୟ ଦେବଙ୍କ ପୂଜା କରିବା ଉଚ୍ଚିତ ?)
उत्तर:
ममता

(झ) ‘भाग्य का खेल है’- यह वाक्य किसने कहा?
(‘ଭାଗ୍ୟ କା ଖେଲ୍ ହୈ’ ୟହ ବାକ୍ୟ କିସ୍‌ କହା ?)
(‘ଭାଗ୍ୟର ଖେଳ’ ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟ କିଏ କହିଥିଲେ ?)

(ञ) सैनिकों के खोजने पर ममता कहाँ चली गयी?
(ସୈନିର୍ଲୋ କେ ଖୋଜ ପର୍‌ ମସ୍ତା କାହାଁ ଚଲୀ ଗୟୀ ?)
(ସୈନିକମାନେ ଖୋଜିବା ବେଳେ ମମତା କେଉଁ ଆଡ଼େ ଚାଲିଗଲେ ?)

(ट) किसका जीर्ण-कंकाल खांसी से गूंज रहा था?
(କିସ୍‌ ଜୀର୍ଣ-କଂକାଂଳ ଖାସୀ ସେ ପୁଂଜ୍ ରହା ଥା ?)
(କାହାର ଦୁର୍ବଳ କଂଙ୍କାଳ (ଶରୀର) କାଶରେ ଶବ୍ଦ କରୁଥାଏ ।)
उत्तर:
ममता का

(ठ) ममता की सेवा के लिए गांव की कितनी स्त्रियां उसे घेर कर बैठी थीं?
(ମମ୍‌ କୀ ସେ କେ ଲିଏ ଗାଁୱ କୀ କିତ୍‌ନୀ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଯାଁ ଉସ୍ ଘେର୍ କର୍ ବୈଠୀ ର୍ଥୀ ?)
(ମମତାର ସେବା ନିମିତ୍ତ ଗ୍ରାମର କେତେଜଣ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକ ତାକୁ ଘେରି ବସିଥିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
दो-तीन

(ड) कौन अवाक् खड़ा था?
(କୌନ୍ ଅଓ୍ବାକ୍ ଖଡ଼ା ଥା ?)
(କିଏ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
अश्वारोही

(ढ) ममता की झोंपड़ी पर कौन-सा मन्दिर बना?
(ମମୂତା କୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ି ପର୍ କୌନ୍ ସା ମନ୍ଦିର ବନା ?)
(ମମତାର କୁଡ଼ିଆ (ଘର) ଉପରେ କେଉଁ ମନ୍ଦିର ତିଆରି ହେଲା ?)
उत्तर:
अष्टकोण

(ण) सातों देशों का नरेश कौन था?
(ମମ୍‌ କୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ି ପର୍ କୌନ୍ ସା ମନ୍ଦିର ବନା?)
(ମମତାର କୁଡ଼ିଆ (ଘର) ଉପରେ କେଉଁ ମନ୍ଦିର ତିଆରି ହେଲା?)
उत्तर:
अष्टकोण

(त) गगनचुम्बी मन्दिर किसने बनवाया?
(ଗଗମ୍ଭୀ ମନ୍ଦିର୍ କିସ୍‌ ବନବାୟା ?)
(ନଭଶ୍ଚୁମ୍ଭୀ ମନ୍ଦିର କିଏ ତିଆରି କଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
अकबर

(थ) किसमें ममता का नाम नहीं था?
(କିସ୍‌ ମମ୍‌ କା ନାମ୍ ନେହିଁ ଥା ?)
(କେଉଁଥ୍ରେ ମମତାର ନାମ ନଥିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
मन्दिर में

(द) किसने कहा कि ‘यह महिलाओं का अपमान करना है’?
(କିସ୍‌ କହା କି ୟହ ମହିଳାଓଁ କା ଅପମାନ୍ କର୍‌ନା ହୈ ?)
(କିଏ କହିଲେ ‘ଏହା ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅପମାନ କରିବା ଅଟେ’ ।)
उत्तर:
पठानों ने

(ध) ममता को एक स्त्री ने किससे जल पिलाया?
(ମମତା କୋ ଏକ୍ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ କିସ୍‌ ଜଲ୍ ପିଲାୟା ?)
(ମମତାକୁ ଜଣେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକ କେଉଁଥରେ ଜଳ ପିଆଇଲା ?)
उत्तर:
सीपी से

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

4. निम्नलिखित अवतरणों को पढ़कर उनका आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଅବତରଣୋ କୋ ପଢୁକର୍ ଉନ୍‌ ଆଶୟ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ) ।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ଖଣ୍ଡଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ି ତାହାର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କର ।)

(क) उसका यौवन शोण के समान ही उमड़ रहा था।
(ଉସ୍‌ ଯୌବନ୍ ଶୋଶ୍ କେ ସମାନ୍ ହୀ ଉମଡ଼ ରହା ଥା ।)
(ତାହାର ଯୌବନ ଶୋଣନଦୀ ଭଳି ଆବେଗତା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଥିଲା । )
उत्तर:
उसका यौवन …………………. उमड़ रहा था।
प्रस्तुत पंक्तियाँ ‘ममता’ नामक कहानी से ली गयी है। यहाँ प्रसाद जी ने ममता की यौवन की शोण नदी के साथ तुलना की । रोहतास दुर्ग के प्रकोष्ठ में बैठी हुई युबती ममता शोण के तीक्ष्ण गम्भीर प्रवाह को देख रही थी । ममता विधवा थी मगर ममता की उम्र कम थी; वे उस समय में पूर्ण यौवन में भरपूर रही थी। नदी जिस तरह पूर्ण यौवन प्राप्त होकर बह रही थी, उसी तरह ममता की जवानी में प्रवाह थी।

(ख) शोण के प्रवाह में वह अपना जीवन मिलाने में बेसुध थी।
(ଶୋଶ୍ କେ ପ୍ରବାହ ମେଁ ୱହ ଅପ୍‌ନା ଜୀବନ୍ ମିଲାନେ ମେଁ ବେସୁଧ୍ ଥୀ।)
(ଶୋଣର ସ୍ରୋତରେ ସେ ନିଜର ଜୀବନକୁ ମିଶାଇ ଦେବାରେ ମଗ୍ନ ଥଲା ।)
उत्तर:
शोण के ………………… बेसुध थी।
यह पंक्ति हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक रचित ‘ममता’ कहानी से ली गई है। इसमें लेखक ने ममता की चिंता और अकेलेपन का वर्णन किया है। यहाँ जिस प्रकोष्ठ में ममता भग्न हृदय को लेकर बैठी थी; उस समय में पिता चूड़ामणि प्रवेश किया। चूड़ामणि व्यथित हो उठे। वे स्नहपालिता पुत्री के लिए क्या करे, यह स्थिर न कर सकते थे, लेकिन ममता अपने जीवन को नदी के साथ तल्लीन कर देती थी।

(ग) इस पतनोन्मुख प्राचीन सामन्त वंश का अंत समीप है।
(ଇସ୍ ପତନୋନୁ ଖ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ୍ ସାମନ୍ତ୍ ବଂଶ କା ଅନ୍ତ୍ ସମୀପ୍‌ ।)
(ଏହି ପତନମୁଖୀ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାମନ୍ତ ବଂଶର ଶେଷ ନିକଟ ଅଟେ ।)
उत्तर:
इस पतनोन्मुख ……………… समीप है।
यह पंक्ति ‘ममता’ कहानी से लि गयी है। जिस समय मन्त्री चूड़ामणि अपनी बेटी को कुछ सुबर्ण उपहार देते तो सुवर्ण को ममता ने लौटा दिया। इसलिए कि पिताजी दूसरे से उत्कोच ग्रहण किया। मगर फिर चूड़ामणि
ने ममता को समझाया, किसी भी दिन शेरशाह रोहतास पर अधिकार कर सकता है। उस दिन मन्त्रीत्व नहीं रहेगा। यह सामन्त वंश का अंत समीप हो। यह स्वर्ण थाल का उपहार तव के लिए है।

(घ) परन्तु तुम भी वैसे ही क्रूर हो। वही भीषण रक्त की प्यास, वही निष्ठुर प्रतिबिम्ब तुम्हारे मुख पर भी है।
(ପରନ୍ତୁ ତୁମ୍ ଭୀ ୱେସ୍‌ ହୀ କୂର୍ ହୋ । ହୀ ଭୀଷଣ୍ଢ ରକ୍ତ କୀ ପ୍ୟାସ୍, ଓ୍ୱାହୀ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ପ୍ରତିବିମ୍ବ ତୁମ୍ଭାରେ ମୁଖ୍ ପର୍ ଭୀ ହୈ ।)
(କିନ୍ତୁ ତୁମେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେହି ଭଳି ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ଅଟ, ସେହି ଭୀଷଣ ରକ୍ତର ତୃଷ୍ଣା, ସେହି ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ପ୍ରତିଛବି ତୁମ ମୁଖ ମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଛି ।)
उत्तर:
परन्तु तुम ………………. पर भी है।
प्रस्तुत पंक्ति पठित कहानी ‘ममता’ से ली गई है। इस पर वर्णन है कि मुगल बादशाह हुमायूँ चौसायुद्ध में शेरशाह से हारकर एक रात को ममता की झोपड़ी में पहुंचता है और आश्रय की भीक्षा मांगते हैं परन्तु ममता ने कहा तुम भी वैसी ही निष्ठुर हो। वही भीषण रक्त की प्यास के साथ निष्ठुर प्रतिविम्व तुम्हारे मुख पर देख सकते है। मेरी झोंपड़ी में स्थान नहीं आज कंही दूसरा स्थान में आश्रय खोज लो। इस तरह में एक अनजान आदमी को आश्रय देने में असमर्थ हूँ।

(ङ) मैं ब्राह्मण – कुमारी हूँ, सब अपना धर्म छोड़ दें तो मैं भी क्यों छोड़ दूँ?
(ମୈ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ-କୁମାରୀ ହୁଁ, ସବ୍‌ ଅପୂନା ଧର୍ମ ଛୋଡ଼ ହେଁ ତୋ ମେଁ କେଁ ଛୋଡ଼ ହୁଁ ?)
(ମୁଁ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ-କନ୍ୟା ଅଟେ, ସମସ୍ତେ ନିଜର ଧର୍ମଛାଡ଼ି ଦେବେ ବୋଲି କ’ଣ ମୁଁ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବି ?
उत्तर:
मैं ब्राह्मण ……………. छोड़ दूँ?
यह पंक्ति ‘ममता’ कहानी से ली गई है। इस में लेखक ने धर्म और कर्त्तव्य के बीच में सामंजस्य वैठाया है। जिस समय ममता हुमायूँ को आश्रय देने के लिए मना कर दे तो मन में सोच रही कि सब विधर्मी दया के पात्र नहीं। इसलिए मेरे पिता का वध करने वाले आततायी ही है। अंत में ममता ने विचार किया कि अतिथि सेवा ही प्रकृत माधव सेवा है। इसमें कोई धर्म की जरूरत नहीं। यह मेरा कर्तव्य है अभी मुझे अपने कर्त्तव्य करना चाहिए।

(च) उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका।
(ଉସ୍ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କୋ ଭୀ କୋ ମେଁ କୁଛ୍ ଭୀ ନ ଦେ ସକା)।
(ସେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ମୁଁ କିଛି ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଇ ପାରିଲି ନାହିଁ ।)
उत्तर:
उस स्त्री ……………….. देसका
यह पंक्ति ममता कहानी से आगत है। ममता हुमायूँ को रात में आश्रय अपनी कुटिया में देने के बाद, वे उस स्थान छोड़कर चली गयी मगर रात बीत गई। सुवह उस स्थान में ममता नहीं मिली। ममता को खोजने के लिए हूमायूँ मिरजा को आदेश दिया। उसने मुझपर जो उपकार किया उसके बदले मैं कुछ भी न दे सका।

(छ) अब तुम इसका मकान बनाओ या महल, मैं अपने चिर विश्राम गृह में जाती हूँ।
(ଅବ୍ ତୁମ୍ ଇସ୍‌କା ମକାନ୍ ବନାଓ ୟା ମହଲ୍, ମେଁ ଅପ୍‌ନେ ଚିର୍ ବିଶ୍ରାମ-ଗୃହ ମେଁ ଜାତି ହୁଁ ।)
(କୋଠାଘର କର, ମୁଁ ମୋର ଚିର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଗୃହକୁ ଯାଉଛି ।)
उत्तर:
अब तुम …………… जाती हूँ।
यह अवतरण ममता कहानी से ली गई है। ४७ सालों के बाद अकवर जब मुगल बादशाह बनते हैं तब उनकी आज्ञा से मिरजा ममता के घर बनवाने के लिए आते है। उस समय ममता ने कहा मैं आज इसे छोड़े जाती हूँ। अब तुम इसका मकान बनाओ या महल, मैं अपने चिर विश्राम गृह में जाती हूँ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

5. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ‘किसने’ और ‘किससे’, कहा?
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ବାର୍କୋ କୋ ‘କିସନେ‌’ ଔର୍ ‘କିସସେ‌’ କହା ?)
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିଏ ଓ କାହାକୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି ।)
(क) क्या आपने म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच स्वीकार कर लिया?
(କ୍ୟା ଆପ୍‌ ପ୍ଲେଚ୍ଛା କା ଉତ୍କୋଚ୍‌ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କର ଲିୟା ?)
(କ’ଣ ତୁମେ ମେଛର ଲାଞ୍ଚ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କରି ନେଲ ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने अपने पिता चूड़ामणि से कहा।

(ख) यह महिलाओं का अपमान करना है।
(ୟହ ମହିଲାଓଁ କା ଅପମାନ୍ କର୍‌ନା ହୈ ।)
(ଏହା ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅପମାନ କରିବା ଅଟେ ।)
उत्तर:
पठानों ने ब्राह्मण मंत्री चूड़ामणि से कहा।

(ग) माता, मुझे आश्रय चाहिए।
(ମାତା, ମୁଝେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଚାହିଏ ।)
(ମା’ ମୋତେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦରକାର ।)
उत्तर:
हूमायूँ ने ममता से कहा।

(घ) गला सूख रहा है, साथी छूट गये हैं, अश्व गिर पड़ा है।
(ତଣ୍ଟି ଶୁଖ୍ଯାଉଛି, ସାଙ୍ଗମାନେ ପଳାଇଗଲେ, ଘୋଡ଼ା ପଡ଼ିଗଲା ।)
ଗଲା ସୁଖ୍ ରହା ହୈ, ସାଥୀ ଛୁଟ ଗୟେ ହେଁ, ଅଶ୍ଵ ଗିର୍ ପଡ଼ା ହୈ ।
उत्तर:
मुगल बादशाह ने ममता से कहा।

(ङ) उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका।
(ଉସ୍ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କୋ ମୈ କୁଛ ଭୀ ନ ଦେ ସକା ।)
(ସେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ମୁଁ ମଧ୍ୟ କିଛି ଦେଇ ପାରିଲି ନାହିଁ ।)
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ ने मिरजा से कहा।

भाषाज्ञान (ଭାଷାଜ୍ଞାନ)
प्रस्तुत कहानी में अनेक तत्सम शब्द आये हैं। जैसे- कंटक, दुर्गपति, निराश्रय आदि। याद रखो : तत्सम शब्द ‘तत्’ और ‘सम’ के योग से वना है। इसका अर्थ है, उसके समान – यानी संस्कृत के समान। संस्कृत के जो शब्द हिन्दी में ज्यों के त्यों प्रयुक्त होते है, उन्हों तत्सम शब्द कहते है, जैसे – भ्राता, सुन्दर, पुष्प, सूर्य, आत्मा आदि।
इसी तरह इस पाठ में आए तत्सम शब्दों को छाँटिए और उनका अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर:
दुश्चिन्ता, व्यथित, उत्कोच ………………….. आदि।
इस तरह बच्चों शिक्षक/शिक्षिका की सहायता लेकर कहानी से तत्सम शब्दों को छाँटिए।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

2. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों पर ध्यान दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ଦିଅ ।)
‘आँखों में पानी की बरसात लिए वह सुख के कंटक शयन में विकल थी ।’

‘तो क्या आपने म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच स्वीकार कर लिया ?
उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में ‘बरसात’ स्त्रीलिंग है और ‘उत्कोच’ पुंलिंग है। इसी कारण इन शब्दों के पहले प्रयुक्त विभक्ति का प्रयोग क्रमश: ‘की’ और ‘का’ के रूप में हुआ है।
इसी तरह के वाक्य चुनकर रेखांकित करने के साथ-साथ लिंग बताइए ।
(ଏହିପରି ବାକ୍ୟ ବାଛି ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କରିବା ସହିତ ଲିଙ୍ଗ କୁହ ।)
उत्तर:
जहाँ पंचवर्गीय भिक्षु गौतम का उपदेश ग्रहण करने केलिए पहले मिले थे। (पुलिंग)
काशी के उत्तर धर्मचक्र बिहार मौर्य और गुप्त सम्राटों की कीर्त्ति का खंडहर था। (पुलिंग)
“मै ब्राह्मण हूँ, मुझे तो अपने धर्म – अतिथि देव की उपासना का पालन करना चाहिए ।” (स्त्रीलिंग)
ममता अब सत्तर वर्ष की वृद्धा है। (स्त्रीलिंग)
इस तरह कहानी से अन्य वाक्यों को छाँटिए ।

3. नीचे लिखे वाक्यों में विराम चिह्न लगाइए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବିରାମ ଚିହ୍ନ ଲଗାଅ ।)
याद रखो : हम दूसरों के साथ वातचीत करते समय बीच-बीच में रुकते हैं। इसी प्रकार लिखित सामग्री पढ़ते समय भी, भाववोध के लिए हम कभी पूरे एक वाक्य के वाद या कभी-कभी वाक्यांश के बाद या कभी एक शब्द के बाद रूकते हैं। इस प्रकार रूकने या विराम के लिए भाषा में कुछ संकेत – चिह्नों का प्रयोग करना होता है। इन्हीं चिह्नों को ‘विराम चिह्न’ कहते हैं ।मैं नहीं जानती कि वह शाहंशाह था या साधारण मुगल पर एक दिन इसी झोंपड़ी के नीचे वह रहा था मैंने सुना था वह मेरा घर बनानेकी आज्ञा दे गया था मैं आजीवन अपनी झोंपड़ी खुदवाने के डर से भयभीत रही थी।
उत्तर:
“मैं नहीं जानती कि, वह शाहंशाह था या साधारण मुगल, पर एक दिन इसी झोंपड़ी के नीचे वह रहा था। मैंने सुना था, वह मेरा घर बनानेकी आज्ञा दे गया था। मैं आजीवन अपनी झोंपड़ी खुदवाने के डर से भयभीत रही थी।”

4. नीचे दिये गये उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय-युक्त शब्दों के मूल शब्द बताइए।
(ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଉଥ‌ିବା ଉପସର୍ଗ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଯୁକ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମୂଳ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହ ।)
उत्तर:
प्रकोष्ठ – यहाँ ‘प्र’ उपसर्ग एवं कोष्ठ मूलशब्द
निराश्रय – यहाँ ‘नि’ उपसर्ग एवं आश्रय मूल शब्द।
इस तरह के कुछ शब्दों की सूची तैयार कीजिए।
प्र – प्रचार, प्रबल, प्रगति, प्रयोग, प्रकाश
नि – निकृष्ट, निष्ठुर, निवास, निवेदन, निश्चल, निरोध, निवारण।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर

1. हुमायूँ कौन था? उसने मिरजा से क्या कहा?
(ହୁମାମୁଁ କୌନ୍ ଥା ? ଉସ୍‌ ମିଜା ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା?0
(ହୁମାୟୁନ୍ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ? ସେ ମିଜାକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲେ ?)
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ मुगल सम्राट और सातों देशों का नरेश था। उसने मिरजा से यह कहा कि उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका। उसका घर बनवा देना, क्योंकि विपत्ति में मैंने यहाँ आश्रय पाया था। यह स्थान भूलना मत।

2. ममता ने अश्वारोही से क्या कहा?
(ମମତା ନେ ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ମମତା ଘୋଡ଼ାଚାଳକକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
ममता ने अश्वारोही से कहा – “भगवान ने सुन लिया, मैं आज इसे छोड़े जाती हूँ। अब तुम इस झोपड़ी का मकान बनाओ या महल, मैं अपने चिर विश्राम गृह में जाती हूँ ।”

3. पथीक ने जाते वक्त मिरजा से क्या कहा?
(ପଥୀକ୍ ନେ ଜାତେ ୱିକ୍‌ ମିର୍‌ଜା ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ବାଟୋଇ ଯିବା ସମୟରେ ମିରଜାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
पथक ने जाते वक्त मिरजा से कहा – मिरजा ! उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका। उसका घर बनवा देना, क्योंकि विपत्ति में मैंने यहाँ आश्रय पाया था। यह स्थान को कभी न भूलना। इसके बाद वे चले गये।

4. ममता की चरित्र कलंकमुक्त है सावित कीजिए?
(ମମତା କୀ ଚରିତ୍ର କଳଙ୍କମୁକ୍ତ ହୈ ସାବିତ୍ କୀଜିଏ ?)
(ମମତାର ଚରିତ୍ର କଳଙ୍କମୁକ୍ତ ଚରିତ୍ର କିପରି ପ୍ରମାଣିତ ହେଲା ?)
चूडामणि के मौत के बाद रोहताश दुर्ग को शेरशाह अधिकार कर लिया और ममता एक वौद्ध मठ के खण्डहरों में जा छिपती है। मुगल वादशाह हुमायूँ एक रात ममता की झोपड़ी में आश्रय के लिए भिक्षा माँगते हैं मगर ममता पास की दूरी दीवारों में चली जाती है, इससे ममता की कलंकमुक्त चरित्र प्रमाणित हुआ।

5. ममता ने मुगल से क्या कहा?
(ମମତା ନେ ମୁଗଲ୍ ସେ କ୍ୟା କହା ?)
(ମମତା ମୁଗଲଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
उत्तर:
“जाओ भीतर, थके हुए भयभीत पथिक ! तुम चाहे कोई हो, मैं तुम्हें आश्रय देती हूँ मैं ब्राह्मण कुमारी हूँ, सब अपना धर्म छोड़ दे तो मैं भी क्यों छोड़ दूँ ?”

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तरमूलक प्रश्नोत्तर

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
‘ममता’ कहानी के कहानीकार का नाम क्या है?
उत्तर:
जयशंकर प्रसाद ‘ममता’ कहानी के कहानीकार है।

प्रश्न 2.
जयशंकर प्रसाद का जन्म कब हुआ था ?
उत्तर:
जयशंकर प्रसाद का जन्म सन् १८८९ ई. में हुआ था।

प्रश्न 3.
ममता कौन है?
उत्तर:
ममता रोहतास दूर्गपति के मंत्री चूड़ामणि की विधबा पुत्री है।

प्रश्न 4.
‘ममता’ कहानी के माध्यम से प्रसाद जी ने क्या दिखाया है?
उत्तर:
‘ममता’ कहानी के माध्यम से प्रसाद जी ने भारतीय संस्कृति और पारंपरिक मूल्यबोध को दिखाया है।

प्रश्न 5.
रोहतास दुर्ग पर किसका अधिकार हो जाता है?
उत्तर:
रोहतास दुर्ग पर शेरशाह का अधिकार हो जाता है।

प्रश्न 6.
ममता मुगलों से छिपने के लिए कहाँ चली गयी?
उत्तर:
ममता मुगलों से छिपने के लिए पास के मृगदाव में चली गयी।

प्रश्न 7.
चौसा युद्ध किस-किसके बीच हुआ था?
उत्तर:
चौसा युद्ध हुमायूँ और शेरशाह के बीच हुआ था।

प्रश्न 8.
सातों देशों के नरेश किसे कहा गया है?
उत्तर:
सातों देशों के नरेश हुमायूँ को कहा गया है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 9.
मौर्य और गुप्त सम्राटों की कीर्त्ति का खण्डहर कहाँ था?
उत्तर:
मौर्य और गुप्त सम्राटों की कीर्त्ति का खण्डहर काशी के उत्तर धर्मचक्र विहार में था।

प्रश्न 10.
किसके प्रकाश नें मुगल में समता का मुखमण्डल देखा?
उत्तर:
चंद्रमा के मंद प्रकाश में मुगल ने ममता का मुखमण्डल देखा।

प्रश्न 11.
शोण के प्रवाह में अपना जीवन मिलाने में कौन बेसुध थी?
उत्तर:
शोण के प्रवाह में अपना जीवन मिलाने में बेसुध मंत्री चुड़ामणि की विधवापुत्री ममता थी।

प्रश्न 12.
प्रभात में खण्डहर की संधि से ममता ने क्या देखा?
उत्तर:
प्रभात में खण्डहर की संधि से ममता ने सैंकड़ो अश्वारोही को उस प्रांत में घूमते देखा।

प्रश्न 13.
किस युद्ध को बहुत दिन बीत गए?
उत्तर:
चौसा युद्ध को बहुत दिन बीत गए।

प्रश्न 14.
हुमायूँ ने मिरजा की क्या करने को कहा?
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ ने मिरजा से कहा- ‘उस स्त्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका। उसका घर बनवा देना, क्योंकि विपत्ति में मैंने यहाँ आश्रय पाया था। यह स्थान भूलना मत।’

प्रश्न 15.
ममता ने अश्वाराही से क्या कहा?
उत्तर:
ममता ने अश्वारोही से कहा- “मैं नहीं जानता वह शहंशाह था या साधारण मुगल, पर एक दिन इसी झोंपड़ी के नीचे वह रहा था। मैं आज इसे छोड़ जाती हूँ। अब तुम इसका मकान बनाओ या महल, मैं अपने चिर विश्राम गृह में जाती हूँ।

प्रश्न 16.
संसार में सबसे तुच्छ निराश्रय प्राणी कौन है?
उत्तर:
हिंदू विधवा संसार में सबसे तुच्छ, निराश्रय प्राणी है।

प्रश्न 17.
ममता का यौवन किसके समान उमड़ रहा था?
उत्तर:
ममता का यौवन शोण के समान उमड़ रहा था।

प्रश्न 18.
हुमायूँ कौन था? उसका युद्ध किससे हुआ था?
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ मुगल सम्राट और सातों देशों का नरेश था। उसका शेरशाह के साथ युद्ध हुआ था।

प्रश्न 19.
ममता ने मन में क्या कहा?
उत्तर:
ममता ने मन में कहा- “यहाँ कौन दुर्ग है? यही झोंपड़ी है, जो चाहे ले, ले। मुझे तो अपना कर्त्तव्य करना पड़ेगा।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 20.
ममता को एक स्त्री ने किससे जल पिलाया?
उत्तर:
ममता को एक स्त्री ने सीपी से जल पिलाया।

प्रश्न 21.
म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच किसने स्वीकार किया था?
उत्तर:
म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच मंत्री चूड़ामणि ने स्वीकार किया था।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
संसार में सबसे तुच्छ निराश्रय प्राणी कौन है?
उत्तर:
हिंदू विधवा

प्रश्न 2.
ममता के पिता का नाम क्या था?
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

प्रश्न 3.
किसका हृदय धक-धक करने लगा?
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

प्रश्न 4.
किस युद्ध को बहुत दिन बीत गये?
उत्तर:
चौसा के मुगल-पठान युद्ध

प्रश्न 5.
किसने एक दिन ममता की झोपड़ी में विश्राम किया था?
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 6.
हुमायूँ कौन था?
उत्तर:
मुगल का बादशाह

प्रश्न 7.
चौसा युद्ध किसके – किसके बीच हुआ था?
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ और शेरशाह

प्रश्न 8.
ममता किसकी पुत्री थी?
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

प्रश्न 9.
कौन से युद्ध में शेरशाह से विपन्न होकर मुगल रक्षा चाहता था?
उत्तर:
चौसा युद्ध

प्रश्न 10.
किसने सोचा कि उसे अतिथि-देव की उपासना का पालन करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 11.
कौन अवाक् खड़ा था?
उत्तर:
अश्वारोही

प्रश्न 12.
ममता की झोंपड़ी पर कौन सा मंदिर बना?
उत्तर:
अष्टकोण

प्रश्न 13.
गगनचुंबी मंदिर किसने बनवाया?
उत्तर:
अकबर

प्रश्न 14.
किसमें ममता का नाम नहीं था?
उत्तर:
अष्टकोण मंदिर के शिलालेख

प्रश्न 15.
हुमायूँ ने मुगल को ममता के लिए क्या बनाने को कहा?
उत्तर:
महल

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 16.
किसने कहा कि ‘माता’, मुझे आश्रय चाहिए?
उत्तर:
वादशाह हुमायूँ

प्रश्न 17.
ममता की सेवा के लिए गांव की कितनी स्त्रियाँ उसे घेर कर बैठी थी?
उत्तर:
दो-तीन

प्रश्न 18.
म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच किसने स्वीकार किया?
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

प्रश्न 19.
सैनिकों के खोजने पर ममता कहाँ चली गयी?
उत्तर:
मृगदाव

प्रश्न 20.
रोहतास दुर्ग कौन अधिकार किया?
उत्तर:
शेरशाह

प्रश्न 21.
‘ममता’ कहानी का सन्देश है
उत्तर:
भारतीय संस्कृति और पारम्परिक मूल्यवोध

प्रश्न 22.
ममता को एक स्त्री ने किससे जल पिलाया?
उत्तर:
सीपी

प्रश्न 23.
ममता का यौवन किसके समान उमड़ रहा था।
उत्तर:
शोण नदी

प्रश्न 24.
किसकी प्रकाश में मुगल ने ममता का मुखमंडल देखा?
उत्तर:
चंद्रमा के मंद प्रकाश

C. रिक्तस्थानों को भरिए।

प्रश्न 1.
‘ममता’ कहानी ……………. ने लिखी है।
उत्तर:
जयशंकर प्रसाद

प्रश्न 2.
ममता ………………. नदी की प्रवाह में खोयी थी।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
ममता …………… जाति की महिला थी।
उत्तर:
ब्राह्मण

प्रश्न 4.
चूड़ामणि रोहतास दुर्ग में ……………….. पद पर कार्यरत थे।
उत्तर:
मंत्री

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 5.
………………. ने कहा- “यही झोपड़ी है, जो चाहे ले। मुझे तो अपना कर्त्तव्य करना पड़ेगा।”
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 6.
……………….. के प्रकाश में मुगल ने ममता का मुखमंड़ल देखा।
उत्तर:
चंद्रमा के मंद प्रकाश

प्रश्न 7.
प्रभात में खंड़हर की संधि से ………………. ने देखा सैंकड़ो अश्वारोही उस प्रांत में घूम रहे हैं।
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 8.
हुमायूँ ने मिरजा से …………….. करने के लिए कहा।
उत्तर:
घर

प्रश्न 9.
रोहतास दुर्गपति के मंत्री ……………. थे।
उत्तर:
चूड़ामणि

प्रश्न 10.
शोण के प्रवाह में अपना जीवन मिलाने में …………………..बेशुध थी?
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 11.
सुनहली संध्या में ……………… का पीलापन विकीर्ण होने लगा।
उत्तर:
सुवर्ण

प्रश्न 12.
……………… ने कहा कि ‘माता’ मुझे आश्रय चाहिए।
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ

प्रश्न 13.
” “भाग्य का खेल हैं”। यह वाक्य ……………… ने कहा।
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ

प्रश्न 14.
सैनिकों के खोजने पर ममता ……………… चली गयी।
उत्तर:
धर्मचक्र बिहार

प्रश्न 15.
………………… का जीर्ण कंकाल खाँसी से गुँज रहा था।
उत्तर:
ममता

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 16.
ममता की सेवा के लिए गाँव की ………………. स्त्रियाँ उसे घेर कर बैठी थी।
उत्तर:
दो-तीन

प्रश्न 17.
सातों देशों का नरेश …………….. था।
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ

प्रश्न 18.
‘यह महिलाओं का अपमान है’ ………………. ने कहा।
उत्तर:
पठानों ने

प्रश्न 19.
ममता को एक स्री ने ………………… से जल पिलाया।
उत्तर:
सीपी से

प्रश्न 20.
चूड़ामणि की इकलौती बेटी का नाम ………………… था।
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 21.
……………… सूख रहा है, साथी छूट गए हैं, अश्व गिर पड़ा है?
उत्तर:
गला

प्रश्न 22.
“उस स्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका ।” दिए गए वाक्य में “उस स्री” का संबंध ………………… चरित्र से है।
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 23.
चंद्रमा के मंद प्रकाश में मुगल ने ………………….. का मुखमंड़ल देखा।
उत्तर:
ममता

प्रश्न 24.
ममता का ह्दय ……………… करने लगा।
उत्तर:
धक-धक

प्रश्न 25.
गगनचुम्बी मन्दिर ………………. ने बनवाया।
उत्तर:
अकवर

प्रश्न 26.
………………… अवाक् खड़ा था।
उत्तर:
अश्वारोही

प्रश्न 27.
एक महिला ने सिपि से ……………. को जल पिलाया।
उत्तर:
ममता

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

प्रश्न 28.
………………… ने कहा कि “यह महिलाओं का अपमान करना है?
उत्तर:
पठानों ने

प्रश्न 29.
गला सूख रहा है, साथी छूट गये हैं, अश्व गिर पड़ा हैं- यह ………….. की उक्ति है।
उत्तर:
मुगल वादशाह

प्रश्न 30.
उस स्री को मैं कुछ भी न दे सका- यह बात ……………….. ने कही।
उत्तर:
हुमायूँ ने

प्रश्न 31.
हुमायूँ ने ममता से कहा, माता, ……………….. ।
उत्तर:
मुझे आश्रय चाहिए

D. सही उत्तर चुनिए।

1. ‘ममता’ किसका पुत्री है ?
(A) मन्त्री चुड़ामणि की
(B) अकबर की
(C) हुमायूँ की
(D) गौतम की
उत्तर:
(A) मन्त्री चुड़ामणि की

2. ‘ममता’ कहानी लिखी है ?
(A) विनोबाभाबे
(B) जयशंकर
(C) धीरजन
(D) प्रेमचंद
उत्तर:
(B) जयशंकर

3. रोहतास दुर्ग के मंत्री कौन थे?
(A) चूड़ामणि
(B) हूमायूँ
(C) शेरशाह
(D) अकबर
उत्तर:
(A) चूड़ामणि

4. कौन शोण के प्रबाह में अपना जीवन मिलाने में बेसुध था?
(A) महारानी
(B) मंत्री की पत्नी
(C) ममता
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) ममता

5. ममता के पिता मंत्री चूड़ामणि कैसे मारे गये?
(A) पठानों से युद्ध करके
(B) स्बाधीनता संग्राम में
(C) हिन्दु से शुद्ध करके
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) पठानों से युद्ध करके

6. चौसा युद्ध किन दोनों के बीच हुआ था?
(A) शेरशाह-अकबर
(B) शेरशाह हुमायूँ
(C) हुमायूँ-चूड़ामणि
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(B) शेरशाह हुमायूँ

7. संसार में सबसे निराश्रय प्राणी है ?
(A) इसलाम विधवा
(B) आदिवासी विधवा
(C) हिन्दु विधवा
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) हिन्दु विधवा

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

8. अनुचर क्या लेकर आए थे?
(A) डाला
(B) टोकरी
(C) थाल
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) थाल

9. “इइतना स्वर्ग ! यह कहाँ से आया ?” – किसने कहा?
(A) मंत्री
(B) राजा
(C) सेनापति
(D) ममता
उत्तर:
(D) ममता

10. मंत्री अपनी पुत्री का दु:ख कम करने के लिए क्या मेंट करते हैं?
(A) हीरा
(B) वस्त्र
(C) महल
(D) स्वर्ग
उत्तर:
(D) स्वर्ग

11. ममता किस नदी के तीक्ष्ण गंभीर प्रवाह को देख रही थी?
(A) यमुना
(B) गंगा
(C) शोण
(D) सरस्वती
उत्तर:
(C) शोण

12. म्लेच्छ का उत्कोच किसने स्वीकार किया था?
(A) चूड़ामणि
(B) अकबर
(C) बीरबल
(D) हुमायूँ
उत्तर:
(A) चूड़ामणि

13. सुनहली संहया में किसका वीलापन विकीर्ण होने लगा?
(A) चाँदी
(B) पीतल
(C) सोने
(D) लोहे
उत्तर:
(C) सोने

14. किसने कहा कि यह महिलाओं का अपमान है?
(A) मुगलों ने
(B) पठानों ने
(C) हिन्दुओं ने
(D) सम्रार्यो ने
उत्तर:
(B) पठानों ने

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

15. हुमायूँ किस वंश से है ?
(A) राजपूत
(B) तैसूर
(C) मौर्य
(D) मुगल
उत्तर:
(B) तैसूर

16. ममता भागकर कहाँ छिपती है ?
(A) पैचवटी
(B) बुद्धिमान
(C) बौधमठ
(D) जैन मठ
उत्तर:
(C) बौधमठ

17. सातों देश का नरेश कोन था?
(A) हुमायूँ
(B) अकबर
(C) बाबर
(D) महाराणाप्रताप
उत्तर:
(A) हुमायूँ

18. कौन अवाक् खड़ा था ?
(A) अकबर
(B) हुमायूँ
(C) अश्वारोही
(D) गाड़ीबाले
उत्तर:
(C) अश्वारोही

19. हुमायूँ से बचने के लिए ममता कहाँ चली गयी ?
(A) खंड़धर में
(B) टूटी दीवारों में
(C) झोपड़ी में
(D) मृगदाव में
उत्तर:
(D) मृगदाव में

20. कौन-से युद्ध में शेरशाह से विपन्न होकर मुगल रक्षा चाहता था?
(A) विश्व-युद्ध
(B) मोगल-युद्ध
(C) चौसा-युद्ध
(D) पानीपथ-युद्ध
उत्तर:
(C) चौसा-युद्ध

रोहतास-दुर्ग………………….. अन्त था?
ରୋହତାସ୍-ଦୁର୍ଗ କେ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ମେଁ ବୈଠୀ ହୁଈ ଯୁବତୀ ମମତା, ଶୋଣ୍ କେ ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ୍ ଗମ୍ଭୀର ପ୍ରବାହ କୋ ଦେଖ୍ ରହୀ ଥୀ । ମମତା ବିଧୱା ଥୀ । ଉସ୍କା ଯୌବନ ଶୋଶ୍ କେ ସମାନ୍ ହୀ ଉମଡ଼୍ ରହା ଥା । ମନ୍ ମେଁ ୱେଦନା, ମସ୍ତକ୍ ମେଁ ଆଁଧୀ, ଆଁଖେଁ ମେଁ ପାନୀ କୀ ବର୍‌ସାତ୍ ଲିଏ ୱହ ସୁଖ୍ କେ କଂଟକ୍-ଶୟନ୍ ମେଁ ୱିକଲ୍ ଥୀ । ୱହ ରୋହତାସ୍ ଦୁର୍ଗପତି କେ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି କୀ ଅକେଲୀ ଦୁହିତା ଥୀ । ଫିର୍ ଉସ୍‌କେ ଲିଏ କୁଛ୍ ଅଭାବ୍ କା ହୋନା ଅସଂଭବ ଥା, ପରନ୍ତୁ ୱହ ବିଧାତ୍ମା ଥୀ । ହିନ୍ଦୁ ବିଧ ସଂସାର୍ ମେଁ ସବ୍‌ସେ ତୁଚ୍ଛ, ନିରାଶ୍ରୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ହୈ-ତବ୍ ବିଡ଼ମ୍ବନା କା କହାଁ ଅନ୍ତ୍ ଥା?

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ରୋହତାସ ଦୁର୍ଗର ଏକ କୋଠରୀରେ ବସି ଯୁବତୀ ମମତା ଶୋଣ ନଦୀର ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ଗମ୍ଭୀର ଜଳଧାରାର ପ୍ରବାହକୁ ଦେଖୁଥିଲା । ମମତା ବିଧବା ଥିଲା। ତାହାର ଯୌବନ ଶୋଣ ନଦୀ ଭଳି ଆବେଗତା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଥିଲା । ମନରେ ବେଦନା (କଷ୍ଟ), ମସ୍ତିକରେ ଝଡ଼, ଆଗ୍‌ରେ ଲୁହର ବର୍ଷା ନେଇ ସେ ସୁଖର କଣ୍ଟକ ଶଯ୍ୟାରେ ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ଥିଲା ସେ । ସେ ରୋହତାସ ଦୁର୍ଗର ଅଧୂପତିଙ୍କ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣୀଙ୍କ ଏକମାତ୍ର ଝିଅ ଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ ତା ପାଇଁ କିଛି ଅଭାବ ନଥୁଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ବିଧବା ଥିଲା, ହିନ୍ଦୁ ବିଧବା ସମାଜରେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ତୁଚ୍ଛ, ନିରାଶ୍ରୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ଅଟେ ତେଣୁ ଉପହାସର ଶେଷ କେଉଁଠି ଥିଲା?

चूडामणि ने ……………………पड़ते थे।
ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ନେ ଚୁପ୍‌ଚାପ୍ ଉସ୍ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ମେଁ ପ୍ରବେଶ୍ କିୟା । ଶୋଶ୍ କେ ବେସୁଧ ଥୀ । ପିତା କା ଆନା ନ ଜାନ୍ ସକୀ । ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ବ୍ୟର୍ଥାତ୍ ହୋ ଉଠେ । ସ୍ଥିର୍ ନ କର୍ ସଲ୍‌ ଥେ । ଲୌଟ୍‌କର୍ ବାହାର୍ ଚଲେ ଗୟେ । ଐସା ପ୍ରାୟଃ ଦୁଶ୍ଚିନ୍ତା ଥୀ । ପୌର୍ ସୀର୍ଥେ ନ ପଡ଼େତେ ଥେ। ପ୍ରବାହ ମେଁ ୱହ ଅପୂନା ଜୀବନ ମିଲାନେ ମେଁ ସ୍ନେହପାଲିତା ପୁତ୍ରୀ କେ ଲିଏ କ୍ୟା କରେ, ୟହ ହୋତା, ପର୍ ଆଜ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କେ ମନ୍ ମେଁ ବଡ଼ୀ

ଅନୁବାଦ :
ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ସନ୍ତର୍ପଣରେ (ନିରବରେ) ଉକ୍ତ କୋଠରୀ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କଲା । ଶୋଣ ନଦୀର ପ୍ରବାହ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନିଜ ଜୀବନକୁ ମିଳାଇବାରେ ସେ (ମମତା) ନିମଗ୍ନ ଥିଲା । ପିତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରବେଶ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ସେ ଅଜ୍ଞ ଥିଲା । ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ବ୍ୟଥ୍‌ତ ହୋଇଉଠିଲେ । ଅତି ସ୍ନେହରେ ବଢ଼ାଇଥିବା ଝିଅପାଇଁ ସେ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବେ, ସେ ସ୍ଥିର କରିପାରି ନଥିଲେ । ବୁଲିପଡ଼ି ବାହାରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ । ଏହିଭଳି ପ୍ରାୟ ସମୟରେ ହେଉଥୁଲା, କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଜି (କାହିଁକି) ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମନରେ ବଡ଼ ଦୁଃଶ୍ଚିନ୍ତା ଥିଲା । (ତାଙ୍କର) ପାଦ ଆଜି ଠିକ୍‌ରେ ପଡୁନଥିଲା ।

एक पहर ………………… चलेगए।
ଏକ ପହର ରାତ୍ ବୀତ୍ ଜାନେ ପର୍ ଫିର୍ ୱେ ମମତା କେ ପାସ୍ ଆୟେ । ଉସ୍ ସମୟ ଉକେ ପିଛେ ଦସ୍ ସେବକ୍ ଚୌଦୀ କେ ବଡ଼େ ଥାଲୌ ମେଁ କୁଛ ଲିଏ ଖଡ଼େ ଥେ, କିତନେ ହୀ ମନୁଷ୍ଯା କେ ପଦ୍-ଶବ୍ଦ ସୁନ୍ ମମ୍ ନେ ଘୂମ୍ କର ଦେଖା । ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ ସବୁ ଥାଲୈ କେ ରଖିନେ କା ସଂକେତ୍ କିୟା । ଅନୁଚର ଥାଲ୍ ରଖ୍ କର୍ ଚଲେ ଗୟେ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏକ ପ୍ରହର ରାତି କଟିଯିବା ପରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର ସେ (ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି) ମମତା ପାଖକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ସେହି ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ପଛରେ ଦଶଜଣ ସେବାକାରୀ ରୂପାର ବଡ଼ ପାତ୍ରରେ କିଛି ନେଇ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । କେତେକ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର ପାଦଶବ୍ଦ ଶୁଣି ମମତା ବୁଲିପଡ଼ି ଦେଖୁଲା, ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ସବୁ ପାତ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରଖୁବା ପାଇଁ ଇସାରା ଦେଲେ । ଅନୁଚରଗଣ ପାତ୍ର ରଖ୍ ଚାଲିଗଲେ ।

ममता ने …………………. लेकर क्या करेंगे?
ମମତା ନେ ପୂଛା ‘ୟହ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ପିତାଜୀ ?’’
‘‘ତେରେଲିଏ ବେଟୀ, ଉପ୍‌ହାର୍ ହୈ ।’’ ୟହ କହକର୍ ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ନେ ଆବ୍‌ରଣ ଉଲଟ୍ ଦିୟା । ସୁବର୍ଣ୍ଣ କା ପୀଲାପନ୍ ଉସ୍ ସୁହଲୀ ସଂଧ୍ୟା ମେଁ ୱିକୀର୍ଣ ହୋନେ ଲଗା ।
ମମ୍ ଚୌକ୍ ଉଠୀ ……………………
‘ଇନା ସ୍ଵର୍ଣ୍ଣ ! ୟହ କହାଁ ସେ ଆୟା ?’’
‘ଚୁପ୍ ରହୋ ମମତା ! ୟହ ତୁମ୍‌ହାରେ ଲିଏ ହୈ ।’’
‘‘ତୋ କ୍ୟା ଆପ୍‌ ମେଚ୍ଛ କା ଉତ୍କୋଚ୍‌ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କର୍ ଲିୟା ? ପିତାଜୀ ! ୟହ ଅର୍ଥ ନନ୍ଦୀ, ଅନର୍ଥ ହୈ । ଲୌଟା ଦୀଜିଏ । ପିତାଜୀ ! ହମ୍ ଲୋଗ୍ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ହେଁ, ଇନା ସୋନା ଲେକର୍ କ୍ୟା କରଂଗେ ?”’

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ମମତା ପଚାରିଲା ଏ ସବୁ କ’ଣ, ବାପା ? ‘ତୋ ପାଇଁ ଝିଅ ଉପହାର ଅଟେ’, ଏହା କହି ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ଓଢ଼ଣୀ ଉଠାଇ ଦେଲେ । ସୁନାର ହଳଦୀରଙ୍ଗ ହେଁ, ସୁବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ବିଛୁଡ଼ି ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଲା । ମମତା ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲା……..ଏତେ ସୁନା ! ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁଠାରୁ ଆସିଲା ? ‘ପାଟି କରନା ମମତା ! ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତୋ’ପାଇଁ ।’’ ‘ତା ହେଲେ କ’ଣ ଆପଣ ପାପୀମାନଙ୍କ ଲାଞ୍ଚ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କରି ନେଲେ ? ବାପା ! ଏହା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ, ଖରାପ ଅଟେ । ଫେରାଇ ଦିଅ । ବାପା ! ଆମ୍ଭେ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ, ଏତେଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ସୁନା ନେଇ କ’ଣ କରିବା ?’’

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

” ‘इस …………………… बबेटी!’
‘‘ଇସ୍ ପତନୋନ୍ଥ,ଖ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ୍ ସାମନ୍ତ୍-ବଂଶ୍ କା ଅନ୍ତ୍ ସମୀପ୍ ହୈ, ବେଟୀ, କିସୀ ଭୀ ଦିନ୍ ଶେର୍‌ଶାହ୍ ରୋହତାସ୍ ପର ଅଧିକାର୍ କର୍ ସକ୍ତା ହୈ । ଉସ୍ ଦିନ୍ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀତ୍ଵ ନ ରହେଗା, ତବ୍ କେ ଲିଏ ବେଟୀ !’’

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏହି ପତନୁନୁମୁଖୀ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାମନ୍ତବଂଶର ଅନ୍ତ (ଶେଷ) ନିକଟ ହୋଇଆସିଲାଣି, ଝିଅ ଯେକୌଣସି ଦିନ ଶେରଶାହ ରୋହତସ୍‌ ଅଧିକାର କରିପାରେ । ସେଦିନ ଆଉ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀତ୍ବ ନଥ‌ିବ । ସେହି ସମୟପାଇଁ (ଏହି ସୁନା) ଝିଅ ।

” हे भगवान! ………………. चलले गये।
‘ହେ ଭଗ୍‌ବାନ୍ ! ତବ୍ କେ ଲିଏ ! ବିପଦ୍ କେ ଲିଏ ଇନା ଆୟୋଜନ୍ ! ପରମ୍ପିତା କୀ ଇଚ୍ଛା କେ ବିରୁଦ୍ଧ ଇତ୍‌ନା ସାହସ୍ ? ପିତାଜୀ, କ୍ୟା ଭୀଖ୍ ନ ମିଲେଗୀ ? କ୍ୟା କୋଈ ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଭୂ-ପୃଷ୍ଠ ପର୍ ନ ବଚା ରହ୍ ଜାଏଗା, ଜୋ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ୍ କୋ ଦୋ ମୁ ଅନ୍ନ ଦେ ସକେ ? ଅସମ୍ଭବ ହୈ । ଲୌଟ ଦୀଜିଏ ପିତାଜୀ ! ମେଁ କାଁପ ରହୀ ହୁଁ ଇସ୍‌କ ଚମକ୍ ଆର୍ଥୋ କୋ ଅନ୍ଧା ବନା ରହୀ ହୈ ।’’ ‘ମୂର୍ଖ ହୈ’ କହକର ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି ଚଲେ ଗୟେ

ଅନୁବାଦ:
‘ହେ ଭଗବାନ ! ସେହି ସମୟପାଇଁ ! ବିପଦ ପାଇଁ ଏତେଟା ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ! ପରମପିତାଙ୍କ ଇଚ୍ଛା ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଏତେ ସାହସ ? ବାପା, କ’ଣ ଭିକ ମିଳିବ ନାହିଁ ? କ’ଣ କୌଣସି ହିନ୍ଦୁ ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠରେ ବଞ୍ଚିବ ନାହିଁ ଯେ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ଦୁଇମୁଠା ଅନ୍ନଦେଇ ପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ? ଅସମ୍ଭବ ଅଟେ । ଫେରାଇ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ବାପା ! ମୁଁ ଥରିଯାଉଛି ଏହାର ଜ୍ୟୋତି ମୋର ଆଖୁକୁ ଅନ୍ଧ କରିଦେଉଛି ।’’ ‘ମୂଖ’ କହି ଚୂଡ଼ା ମଣି ଚାଲିଗଲେ

दूसरे दिन ……………… करना है।”
ଦୂସ୍‌ରେ ଦିନ୍ ଜବ୍ ଡୋଲିର୍ଲୋ କା ତାଂତା ଭୀତର ଆ ରହା ଥା, ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ୍ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣି କା ହୃଦୟ ଧକ୍-ଧକ୍ କର୍‌ନେ ଲଗା । ୱହ ଅପ୍‌ କୋ ନ ରୋକ୍ ସକା । ଉତ୍ପନେ ଜାକର ରୋହତାସ୍-ଦୁର୍ଗ କେ ତୋରଣ୍ ପର ଡୋଲିର୍ଲୋ କା ଆବରଣ୍ ଖୁନା ବାହା । ପଠାନାଁ ନେ କହା ‘ୟହ ମହିଲାଓ କା ଅପ୍‌ମାନ୍ କରନା ହୈ ।’’
ଅନୁବାଦ;
ପରଦିନ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଧାଡ଼ି ଧାଡ଼ି ସବାରୀ ଭିତରକୁ ଆସୁଥୁଲା, ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଚୂଡ଼ାମଣିଙ୍କ ଛାତି ଆବରଣ (ପରଦା) ଖୋଲିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ପଠାଣମାନେ କହିଲେ ଏହା ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅପମାନ କରିବା ଅଟେ।

बात बढ़ ……………… न मिली।
ବାତ୍ ବଢ ଗୟୀ । ତର୍ରେ ଖୂର୍ବୀ, ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ୱହୀ ମାରାଗୟା ଔର୍ ରାଜା, ରାନୀ ତଥା କୋଷ୍ ସବ୍ ଛଲୀ ଶେର୍‌ଶାହ କେ ହାଥ ପଡ଼େ, ନିକଲ୍ ଗୟୀ ମମତା । ଡୋଲି ମେଁ ଭରେ ହୁଏ ପଠାନ୍ ସୈନିକ ଦୁର୍ଗ ଭର୍ ମେଁ ଫିଲ୍‌ ଗୟେ, ପର୍ ମମତା ନ ମିଲୀ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
କଥାଟା ବଢ଼ିଗଲା । ଖଣ୍ଡା ବାହରକଲେ, ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ସେଠାରେ ମରିଗଲେ ଏବଂ ରାଜା, ରାଣୀ ଏବଂ ଧନସବୁ କପଟି ଶେର ସାହଙ୍କ ହାତକୁ ଆସିଗଲା । ମମତା ବାହାରି ପଳାଇଗଲା, ସବାରୀରେ ପଶିଥ‌ିବା ପଠାଣ ସୈନିକ ଦୁର୍ଗର ଚାରିପଟେ ଘେରିଗଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ମମତାକୁ ପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ ।

काशी के ……………… कर रही थी।
କାଶୀ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଧର୍ମକ୍ର ବିହାର୍ ମୌର୍ୟ ଔର୍ ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟୋ କୀ କୀର୍ତି କା ଖଣ୍ଡହର୍ ଥା ଭଗ୍ନଚୂଡ଼ା, ତୃଣା-ଗୁହେଁ ସେ ଢକେ ହୁଏ ପ୍ରାଚୀର ଇଁଟୋ କେ ଢେର୍ ମେଁ ବିଖରୀ ହୁଈ ଭାରତୀୟ ଶିଳ୍ପ କୀ ବିଭୂତି, ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ ରଜନୀ କୀ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରିକା ମେଁ ଅପ୍‌ କୋ ଶୀତଲ୍ କର୍ ରହୀ ଥୀ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
କାଶୀର ଉତ୍ତରରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଧର୍ମଚକ୍ର ବିହାର ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟମାନଙ୍କର କିର୍ତ୍ତିର ଭଗ୍ନସ୍ତୂପ ଥିଲା । ଭଗ୍ନଚୂଡ଼ା ( ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଯାଇଥିବା), ଘାସ ଏବଂ ଗୁଳ୍ମରେ ଆଚ୍ଛାଦିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଇଟାର ପ୍ରାଚୀର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଭାରତୀୟ ଶିଳ୍ପକଳାର ବିଛାଡ଼ି ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା ବିଭୂତି (ବୈଭବ), ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ ରାତିରେ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରାଲୋକରେ ନିଜକୁ ଶୀତଳ କରୁଥିଲା ।

जहाँ ……………………. पर्युपासते।
ଜହାଁ ପଞ୍ଚବର୍ଗୀୟ ଭିକ୍ଷୁ ଗୌତମ୍ କା ଉପଦେଶ ଗ୍ରହଣ୍ କରନେ କେ ଲିଏ ପହଲେ ମିଲେ ଥେ, ଉସୀ ସ୍ତୂପ୍ କେ ଭଗ୍ନାବଶେଷ କୀ ମର୍ଲିନ ଛାୟା ମେଁ ଏକ ଝୋପଡ଼ା କେ ଦୀପାଲୋକ୍ ମେଁ ଏକ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପାଠ୍ କର ରହୀ ଥୀ– ‘ଅନନ୍ୟାଣ୍ଟି ନ୍ତୟନ୍ତେ। ମାଁ ଯେ ଜନଃ ପର୍ୟୁପାସତେ ।”’……………

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ପାଞ୍ଚବର୍ଗୀୟ ଭିକ୍ଷୁ ସନ୍ୟାସୀମାନେ ଗୌତମଙ୍କ ଉପଦେଶ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଏକତ୍ରିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ସେହି ସ୍ତୂପର ଭଗ୍ନାବଶେଷର ନିଷ୍ପ୍ରଭ ଛାଇର ଗୋଟିଏ ଭଙ୍ଗା କୁଡ଼ିଆର ଦୀପ ଆଲୋକରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପଢ଼ୁଥିଲା । ‘ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଅନ୍ୟକଥା ଚିନ୍ତାକରେ ସେ କେବେ ସୁଖପାଏ ନାହିଁ ।’’

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

पाठ रूक …………………. हहाँ माता !’
ପାଠ୍ ରୁକ୍ ଗୟା । ଏକ୍ ଭୀଷଣ ଔର୍ ହତାଶ୍ ଆକୃତି ଦୀପ୍ କେ ମନ୍ଦ ପ୍ରକାଶ ମେଁ ସାମ୍‌ନେ ଖଡ଼ୀ ଥୀ । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଉଠୀ, ଉସ୍‌ କପାଟ୍ ବନ୍ଦ୍ କରନା ଚାହା, ପରନ୍ତୁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ନେ କହା ‘‘ମାତା ! ମୁଝେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଚାହିଏ ।’’ ‘ତୁମ୍ କୌନ୍ ହୋ ?’’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ ପୂଛା । ‘‘ମୈ ମୁଗଲ ହୁଁ । ଚୌସା ୟୁଦ୍ଧ ମେଁ ଶେର୍‌ଶାହ ସେ ବିପନ୍ନ ହୋକର ରକ୍ଷା ଚାହତା ହୁଁ । ଇସ୍ ରାତ୍ ଅବ୍ ଆଗେ ଚଲନେ ମେଁ ଅସମର୍ଥ ହୁଁ । ‘‘କ୍ୟା ଶେର୍‌ଶାହ ସେ ?’’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ ଅପନେ ହୋଠ୍ କାଟ୍ ଲିଏ । ‘‘ହାଁ, ମାତା ???

ଅନୁବାଦ;
ପଢ଼ିବା ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଗୋଟିଏ ବିରାଟ ଓ କାକଟ ରୂପ ଦୀପର କ୍ଷୀଣ ଆଲୋକର ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଟି ଉଠିଲା । ସେ କବାଟ ବନ୍ଦ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ଲୋକଟି କହିଲା ମା ! ମୋତେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦରକାର । ତୁମେ କିଏ ? ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଟି ପଚାରିଲା । ମୁଁ ମୋଗଲ ଅଟେ । ଚୌସା ଯୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଶେରସାହଙ୍କଠାରୁ ହାରି ରକ୍ଷା ଚାହୁଁଅଛି । ଏହି ରାତିରେ ଆଉ ଆଗକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ମୁଁ ଅସମର୍ଥ ଅଟେ । କ’ଣ ଶେର ସାହଙ୍କଠାରୁ ? ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଟି କ୍ରୋଧ ହୋଇଗଲା ‘ହଁ, ମା !

” परन्तु …………………. खोजलो।
‘ପରନ୍ତୁ ତୁମ୍ ଭୀ ଭୀ ହୈସେ ହୀ କ୍ରୂର ହେ । ୱହୀ ଭୀଷଣ ରକ୍ତ କୀ ପ୍ୟାସ୍, ୱହୀ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ପ୍ରତିବିମ୍ବ ତୁମ୍‌ହାରେ ମୁଖ୍ ପର୍ ମେଁ ସ୍ଥାନ ନେହୀ । ଜାଓ, କର୍ମୀ ଦୂସରା ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଖୋଜ୍ ଲୋ ।”’

ଅନୁବାଦ:
‘‘କିନ୍ତୁ ତୁମେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେହିଭଳି କ୍ରରୁ ଅଟ। ସେହି ଭୀଷଣ ରକ୍ତର ତୃଷ୍ଣା, ସେହି ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ପ୍ରତିଛବି ତୁମ ମୁଖ ମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଛି । ସୈନିକ । ମୋ କୁଡ଼ିଆରେ ସ୍ଥାନ ନାହିଁ, ଯାଆ ଅନ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠି ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଖୋଜି ନିଅ ।’’

“‘गला ………………. सोचने लगी।'”
‘‘ଗଲା ସୁଖ୍ ରହା ହୈ, ସାଥୀ ଛୁଟ୍ ଗଏ ହୈ, ଅଶ୍ଵ ଗିର୍ ପଡ଼ା ହୈ– ଇତନା ଥକା ହୁଆ ହୁଁ, ଇନା !’’ କହି ହ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଧମ୍‌ ବୈଠ୍ ଗୟା ଔର୍ ଉସ୍‌ ସାମନେ ବ୍ରହ୍ମାଣ୍ଡ ଘୂମନେ ଲଗା। ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ ସୋଚା, ୟହ ବିପରି କହାଁ ସେ ଆଈ, ଉସ୍‌ନେ ଜଲ୍ ଦିୟା । ମୁଗଲ କେ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥେ କି ରକ୍ଷା ହୁଈ । ଏହ ସୋଚନେ ଲଗୀ

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ତଣ୍ଟି ଶୁଖ୍ ଯାଉଥିଲା, ସାଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ପଳାଇଗଲେଣି, ଘୋଡ଼ା ପଡ଼ିଗଲା, ଏତେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି, ଏତେ ! କହି ସେହି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଟି ହଠାତ୍ ବସି ପଡ଼ିଲା ଏବଂ ତାର ଆଗରେ ସାରା ସଂସାର ବୁଲିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଟି ଭାବିଲା, ଏହି ବିପଦ କେଉଁଠୁ ଆସିଲା, ସେ ପାଣି ଦେଲା । ମୋଗଲର ଜୀବନ ରକ୍ଷା ହେଲା, ସେ ଭାବିକାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା

” सब ……………….. होगया।’
‘ସବ୍‌ ବିଧର୍ମୀ ଦୟା କେ ପାତ୍ର ନହୀ ମେରେ ପିତା କା ବଧ୍ କର୍ ନେ ୱାଲେ ଆତତାୟୀ !’’ ଘୃଣା ସେ ଉସ୍କୋ ମନ ବିରକ୍ତ ହୋ ଗୟା।
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସବୁ ବିଧର୍ମୀ (ମୁସଲମାନ) ଦୟାର ପାତ୍ର ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ମୋର ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ହତ୍ୟା କରିଥିବା ଆତତାୟୀମାନେ ! ଘୃଣାରେ ତା’ର ମନ ବିରକ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲା ।

स्वस्थ ………………… खेल है।”
ସ୍ଵସ୍ଥ ହୋକର୍ ମୁଗଲ୍ ନେ କହା ‘ମାତା ! ତୋ ଫିର୍ ମେଁ ଚଲା ଜାଉଁ ? ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ବିଚାର୍ କର୍ ରହୀ ଥୀ ‘‘ମୈ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ହୁଁ, ମୁଝେ ତୋ ଅପ୍‌ ଧର୍ମ ଅତିଥ୍ୟ ଦେବ କୀ ଉପାସନା କା ପାଲନ୍ କରନା ଚାହିଏ, ପରନ୍ତୁ ୟହଁ ……………………. ନେହୀ, ପରନ୍ତୁ ୟହ ଦୟା ତୋ ନେହିଁ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ କରନା ହୈ । ତବ୍ ? ମୁଗଲ ଅପ୍‌ନୀ ତଲୱାର ଟେକ୍ କର୍ ଉଠ୍ ଖଡ଼ାହୁଆ । ମମତା ନେ କହା ‘କ୍ୟା ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ୟ ହୈ କି ତୁମ୍ ଭୀ ଛଲ୍ କରେ ।’’ ‘‘ଛଲ୍ ! ନେହୀ, ତବ୍ ନେହୀ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ! ଜାତା ହୁଁ, ତୈମୂର କା ବଂଶଧର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ସେ ଛଲ୍ କରେଗା ! ଜାତା ହୁଁ, ଭାଗ୍ୟ କା ଖେଲ୍ ହୈ ।’’

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସୁସ୍ଥ ହେଲାପରେ ମୋଗଲଟି କହିଲା, ମାତା ! ମୁଁ ତେବେ ଚାଲିଯାଉଛି ? ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ବିଚାର କରୁଥିଲା, ମୁଁ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ଅଟେ । ମୋତେ ତ ମୋର ଧର୍ମ ଅତିଥ୍ୟ ଦେବତାଙ୍କ ପୂଜା କିନ୍ତୁ ଏଠାରେ ……………………. ନା, ନା, ଏ ସବୁ ମୁସଲମାନମାନେ ଦୟାର ପାତ୍ର ନୁହଁନ୍ତି, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଦୟା ଅଟେ । ତେଣୁ? ପାଳନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ନୁହେଁ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ କରିବା ମୋଗଲ ନିଜର ତରବାରୀ ଉଠାଇ ଠିଆ ହେଲା, ମମତା କହିଲା ଏଥରେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ଅଛି ଯେ ତୁମେ ମଧ୍ଯ କପଟ କରିବ। ଅଟେ । ‘‘କପଟ, ନା, କେବେ ନୁହଁ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ! ଯାଉଛି, ତୈମୁରଙ୍କ ବଂଶଧର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ କପଟ କରିବ ! ଯାଉଛି, ଭାଗ୍ୟର ଖେଳ ଅଟେ ।

ममता ने ………………… छोड़ दूँ ?’
ମମତା ନେ ମନ୍ ମେଁ କହା ‘ୟହାଁ କୌନ୍ ଦୁର୍ଗ ହୈ ! ୟହୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ା ହୈ, ଜୋ ଚାହେ ଲେ ଲେ । ମୁଝେ ତୋ ଅପ୍‌ନା କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ କର୍‌ନା ପଡ଼େଗା ।’’ ୱହ ବାହର ଚଲୀ ଆୟୀ ଔର ମୁଗଲ୍ ସେ ଜଓ ଭ।ତର୍ ଥକେ ହୁଏ ଭୟଭୀତ୍ ପଥ୍ୟାକ୍ ! ତୁମ୍ ଚାହେ କୋଈ ହୋ, ମୈ ତୁମ୍‌ହେଁ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦେବୀ ହୁଁ । ମେଁ ଛୋଡ୍ ହେଁ ତୋ ମେଁ ଭୀ ଜ୍ୟୋ ଛୋଡ଼ ହୁଁ,

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ମମତା ମନକୁ ମନ କହିଲା ଏହିଠାରେ କୋଉ ଦୁର୍ଗ ଅଛି ! ଏହି କୁଡ଼ିଆ ଅଛି । ଯାହା ଇଚ୍ଛା ନେଇ ନିଅ । ମୋତେ ତ ନିଜର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ । ସେ ପଦାକୁ ପଳାଇ ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ମୋଗଲକୁ କହିଲା ଭିତରକୁ ଯାଅ,, କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବା ଭୟଭିତ ବାଟୋଇ ତୁମେ ଯିଏ ହୁଅନା କାହିଁକି ମୁଁ ତୁମକୁ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦେଉଛି, ମୁଁ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ କନ୍ୟା ଅଟେ, ସମସ୍ତେ ନିଜର ଧର୍ମ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଉଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି କ’ଣ ମୁଁ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବି ?

मुगल …………………. विश्रामकिया।
ମୁଗଲ୍ ନେ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରମା କେ ମଂଦ୍ ପ୍ରକାଶ୍ ମେଁ ୱହ ମହିମାମୟ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳ ଦେଖା । ଉସ୍‌ ମନ୍ ହୀ ମନ୍ ନମସ୍କାର କିୟା । ମମ୍‌ ପାସ୍‌କୀ ଟୂଟୀ ହୁଈ ଦୀୱାରୌ ମେଁ ଚଲୀ ଗଈ । ଭୀତର୍ ଥକେ ପଥ୍ୟକ୍ ନେ ଝୋପଡ଼ା ମେଁ ବିଶ୍ରାମ୍ କିୟା ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ମୋଗଲ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରର କ୍ଷୀଣ ପ୍ରଭାରେ ସେହି ମହିମାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳକୁ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ସେ ମନକୁ ମନ ନମସ୍କାର କଲେ । ମମତା ପାଖରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଭଙ୍ଗା କାନ୍ଥ ପାଖକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲା । ଭିତରେ ଥକି ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ବାଟୋଇଟି କୁଡ଼ିଆରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମ କଲା ।

प्रभात में ………………. .यहाँ हूँ
ପ୍ରଭାତ୍ ମେଁ ଖଡ୍ଗର୍ କୀ ସଂଧୂ ସେ ମମତା ନେ ଦେଖା, ସୈକର୍ଡ଼ ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ଉସ୍ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ମେଁ ଘୂମ୍ ରହେ ହେଁ । ୱହ ଅପୂନୀ ମୂର୍ଖତା ପର୍ ଅପ୍‌ କୋ କୋସ୍କୋନେ ଲଗୀ । ଅବ୍ ଉସ୍ ଝୋପଡ଼ା ସେ ନିକଲ୍ କର୍ ଭସ୍ ପଥ୍ୟକ୍ ନେ କହା ‘ମିରଜା ! ମେଁ ‘ୟହାଁ ହୁଁ’’।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସକାଳୁ ଭଗ୍ନ କୁଡ଼ିଆର ଫାଙ୍କରେ ମମତା ଦେଖା, ଶହ ଶହ ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ସେହି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ବୁଲୁଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ନିଜର ମୁର୍ଖତା ପାଇଁ ନିଜକୁ ଧୃକ୍‌କାର କଲା। ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସେହି କୁଡ଼ିଆରୁ ବାହାରି ପଥକଟି କହିଲା ‘ମିରଜା ! ମୁଁ ଏଠାରେ ଅଛି ।’’

शब्द ……………….. चले गये।
ଶବ୍ଦ ସୁନ୍‌ ହୀ ପ୍ରସନ୍ନତା କୀ ଚୀତ୍କାର୍ ଧ୍ବନି ସେ ୱହ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଗୁଁଜ୍ ଉଠା । ମମତା ଅଧି ଭୟଭୀତ୍ ହୁଈ । ପଥକ୍ ନେ କହା ‘ଵହ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କହାଁ ହେଁ ଉସେ ଖୋଜ୍ ନିକାଲୋ।’ମମତା ଛିପ୍‌ନେ କେ ଲିଏ ଅଧ୍ବକ୍ ସଚେଷ୍ଟ ହୁଈ । ୱହ ମୃଗଦା ମେଁ ଚଲୀ ଗୟୀ । ଦିନ୍ ଭର୍ ଉସ୍‌ ସେ ନ ନିକଲୀ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା କୋ ଜବ୍ ଉକେ ଜାନେ କା ଉପକ୍ରମ ହୁଆ, ତୋ ମମତା ନେ ସୁନା, ପଥୁକ୍ ଘୋଡ଼େପର୍‌ ସର ହୋତେ ହୁଏ କହ ରହା ଥା ‘ମିରଜା ଉସ୍ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କୋ ମେଁ କୁଛ ଭୀ ନ ଦେ ସକା । ଉସ୍‌କା ଘର ବନଓ୍ବା ଦେନା, କୈ କି ବିପରି ମେଁ ମୈନେ ୟହାଁ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ପାୟା ଥା । ୟହ ସ୍ଥାନ୍ ଭୂଲ୍ ନା ମତ୍ ।’’ ଇସ୍‌ ବାଦ ୱେ ଚଲେ ଗୟେ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଶବ୍ଦଟି ଶୁଣି ଖୁସିର ଚିତ୍କାରରେ ସେ ସ୍ଥାନଟି ମୁଖରିତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ମମତା ଆହୁରୀ ଭୟଭୀତ ହେଲା । ପଥକଟି କହିଲା, ସେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କେଉଁଠି ଅଛି ? ତାକୁ ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କର । ମମତା ଲୁଚିବା ପାଇଁ ଆହୁରି ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲା, ସେ ମୃଗଦାବକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲା ଦିନ ସାରା ସେଠାରୁ ବାହାରିଲା ନାହିଁ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଯିବାକୁ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା, ମମତା ଶୁଣିଲା, ପଥଟି ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ଚଢ଼ି ଯାଉ-ଯାଉ କହୁଥିଲା, ମିରଜା ! ସେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ମୁଁ କିଛି ଦେଇ ପାରିଲି ନାହିଁ । ତାହାର ଘର ତିଆରି କରିଦେବ, କାହିଁକିନା, ବିପଦରେ ମୁଁ ଏଠାରେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ପାଇଥିଲି । ଏହି ଯାଗାକୁ ଭୁଲିବ ନାହିଁ, ଏହାପରେ ସେମାନେ ଚାଲିଗଲେ ।

चौसा ………………….. सहभागिनीरही।
ଚୌସା କେ ମୁଗଲ-ପଠାନ୍ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ କୋ ବହୁତ୍ ଦିନ୍ ବୀତ୍ ଗୟେ । ମମ୍‌ ଅବ୍ ସତ୍ତର ବର୍ଷକୀ ବୃଦ୍ଧା ହୈ । ହ ଅପୂନୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ା ମେଁ ଏକ ଦିନ୍ ପତ୍ନୀ ଥୀ । ଶୀତ୍‌କାଲ କା ପ୍ରଭାବ ଥା । ଉସ୍‌କା ଜୀର୍ଣ କଂକାଲ ଖାଁସୀ ସେ ଗୂଢ ରହା ଥା । ମମ୍‌ କୀ ସେଓ୍ବା କେ ଲିଏ ଗାଁୱ କୀ ଦୋ-ତୀନ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର୍ଯା ଉସ୍ ଘେର୍ କର୍ ବୈଠୀ ର୍ଥୀ, ଜ୍ୟୋକି ୱହ ଆଜୀବନ ସବ୍ କେ ସୁଖ-ଦୁଃଖ କୀ ସହଭାଗିନୀ ରହୀ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ;
ମୋଗଲ-ପଠାନଙ୍କ ଚୌସା ଯୁଦ୍ଧକୁ ବହୁତ ଦିନ ହୋଇଗଲାଣି । ମମତା ଏବେ ୭୦ ବର୍ଷର ବୃଦ୍ଧା (ବୁଢ଼ୀ) ଅଟେ । ସେ ନିଜର କୁଡ଼ିଆରେ ଦିନେ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା । ଶୀତ ସମୟ ଥାଏ । ତାହାର ଦୁର୍ବଳ କଂକାଳ (ଶରୀର) କାଶରେ ଶବ୍ଦ କରୁଥାଏ । ମମତାର ସେବା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଗାଁର ଦୁଇ-ତିନି ଜଣ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକ ତାକୁ ଘେରି ବସିଥିଲେ, କାହିଁକି ନା ସେ ଜୀବନସାରା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କର ଦୁଃଖ ସୁଖର ଭାଗୀଦାରୀ ଥିଲା ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

ममता ने ……………….. की हुई।’
ମମତା ନେ ଜଲ ପୀନା ଚାହା । ଏକ୍ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ନେ ସିପି ସେ ଜଲ୍ ପିଲାୟା । ସହସା ଏକ ଅଶ୍ୱାରୋହୀ ଉସୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ା କେ ଦ୍ୱାର୍ ପର୍ ଦିଖାୟୀ ପଡ଼ା । ୱହ ଅପ୍‌ ଧୁନ୍ ମେଁ କହୁନେ ଲଗା ‘ମିରଜା ନେ ଜୋ ଚିତ୍ର ବନାକର୍ ଦିୟା ହୈ, ୱହ ତୋ ଇସୀ ଜଗହ କା ହୋନା ଚାହିଏ । ୱହ ବୁଢ଼ିୟା ମର୍ ଗଈ ହୋଗୀ । ଅବ୍ କିସ୍ ସେ ପୂର୍ବେ କି ଏକ ଦିନ ଶାହଂଶାହ ହୁମାମୁଁ କିସ୍ ଛୱର୍ କେ ନୀଚେ ବୈଠେ ଥେ ? ୟହ ଘନା ଭୀ ତୋ ସୈତାଲୀସ ବର୍ଷ ସେ ଉପର୍ ହୋ ଚୁକି ହେ ।’’

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ମମତା ପାଣି ପିଇବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲା । ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକ ତାକୁ ଶାମୁକାରେ ପାଣି ପିଆଇଲା ହଠାତ୍ ଗୋଟିଏ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚାଳକ ସେହି କୁଡ଼ିଆର ଦ୍ବାର ଦେଶରେ ଦେଖାଗଲା । ସେ ନିଜର ସ୍ବରରେ କହିଲା ‘ମିରଜା ଯେଉଁ ଚିତ୍ର କରି ଦେଇଥିଲେ, ସେ ତ ଏହି ଜାଗା ହୋଇଥବ । ସେ ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମରିଯାଇଥିବ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାହାକୁ ପଚାରିବା ଯେ ଏଠାରେ ଶାହଂଶାହ ହୁମାୟାଁ କେଉଁ ଛପର ତଳେ ବସିଥିଲେ। ଏହି ଘଟଣା ୪୭ ବର୍ଷ ଉପର ହେଲାଣି

ममता ने …………………. रही थी।”
ମମୂତା ନେ ଅପ୍‌ନେ ୱିକଲ୍ କାର୍କୋ ସେ ସୁନା । ଉସନେ ପାସ୍ କୀ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ସେ କହା ‘ବୁଲାଓ’। ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ପାସ୍ ଆୟା । ମମ୍ତା ନେ ରୁକ୍-ରୁକ୍ କର କହା ମେଁ ନହୀ ଜାନତୀ ୱହ ଶାହଂଶାହ ଥା ୟା ସାଧାରଣ ମୁଗଲ, ପର୍ ଏକ ଦିନ ଇସୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ା କେ ନୀଚେ ୱହ ରହା ଥା । ମୈନେ ସୁନା ଥା, ୱହ ମେରା ଘର ବନାନେ କୀ ଆଜ୍ଞା ଦେ ଗୟା ଥା । ମେଁ ଆଜୀବନ୍ ଅପୂନୀ ଝୋପଡ଼ା ଖୁଦ୍ୱାନେ କେ ଡର୍ ସେ ଭୟଭୀତ ରହୀ ଥୀ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ମମତା ତା’ର ବ୍ୟାକଳ କଣ୍ଠରେ ଶୁଣିଲା । ସେ ନିଜ ପାଖରେ ଥିବା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ କହିଲା ଡାକ। ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚାଳକଟି ପାଖକୁ ଆସିଲା, ମମତା ରହି ରହି କହିଲା, ମୁଁ ଜାଣି ନାହିଁ ସେ ଶାହଂଶାହଥିଲେ କି ସାଧାରଣ ମୋଗଲ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଦିନ ସେ ଏହି କୁଡ଼ିଆ ତଳେ ଥିଲେ ମୁଁ ଶୁଣିଥିଲି, ସେ ମୋର ଘର ତିଆରି କରିବାକୁ ଆଜ୍ଞା ଦେଇ ଯାଇଥିଲେ ମୁଁ ଜୀବନ ସାରା ନିଜର କୁଡ଼ିଆ ଖୋଳାଯିବାର ଭୟରେ ଭୟଭୀତ ହେଉଥୁଲି ।

‘भगवान ने ……………….. उड़ गये।
‘ଭଗବାନ ନେ ସୁନା ଲିୟା, ମେଁ ଆଜ ଇସ୍ ଛୋଡ଼ ଜାତୀ ହୁଁ । ଅବ୍ ତୁମ ଇସ୍‌କା ମକାନ୍ ବନାଓ ୟା ମହଲ୍, ମେଁ ଅପ୍ରେନେ ଚିର ବିଶ୍ରାମ-ଗୃହ ମେଁ ଜାତି ହୁଁ ।’’ ହ ଅଶ୍ଵାରୋହୀ ଅବାକ୍ ଖଡ଼ା ଥା । ବୁଢ଼ିୟା କେ ପ୍ରାଣ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଅନନ୍ତ୍ ମେଁ ଉଡ଼ ଗୟେ ।

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଭଗବାନ ଶୁଣିଲେ, ମୁଁ ଆଜି ଏହାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଉଛି । ତୁମେ ଏବେ ଏହାକୁ ଘରକର କିମ୍ବା କୋଠାଘର (ମହଲ), ମୁଁ ସବୁଦିନ ପାଇଁ ମୋ ବିଶ୍ରାମଘରକୁ ଯାଉଛି । ସେହି ଘୋଡ଼ାଚାଳକ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ବୁଢ଼ୀର ପ୍ରାଣ-ପକ୍ଷୀ ଆକାଶରେ ଉଡ଼ିଗଲା ।

वहाँ एक ……………………. नाम न था।
ହାଁ ଏକ୍ ଅଷ୍ଟ୍ଣ୍ ମନ୍ଦିର୍ ବନା ଔର୍ ଉସ୍‌ର୍ ଶିଲାଲେଖ ଲଗାୟା ଗୟା ‘‘ସାର୍ଡୋ ଦେଶୌ କେ ନରେଶ ହୁମାୟାଁ ନେ ଏକ୍ ଦିନ୍ ୟହାଁ ବିଶ୍ରାମ କିୟା ଥା । ଉକେ ପୁତ୍ର ଅକବର୍ ନେ ଉସ୍‌ ସ୍ମୃତି ମେଁ ୟହ ଗଗନଚୁମ୍ବୀ ମନ୍ଦିର୍ ବନବାୟା’’ । ପର୍ ଉସ୍ରେ ମମତା କା କର୍ମୀ ନାମ୍ ନ ଥା ।
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସେଠାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଅଷ୍ଟକୋଣ ମନ୍ଦିର ତିଆରି ହେଲା ଏବଂ ତା ଉପରେ ଶିଳାଲେଖ ଲେଖାଗଲା । ‘‘ସାତଟି ଦେଶର ରାଜା ହୁମାୟାଁ ଦିନେ ଏହିଠାରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅ ଆକବର ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ମୃତି ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ଏହି ନଭଶ୍ଚୁମ୍ବୀ ମନ୍ଦିର ତିଆରି କଲେ ।’’ କିନ୍ତୁ ସେଥ‌ିରେ ମମତାର କୌଣସି ନାମ ନଥିଲା।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

शोण – एक नदी का नाम (ଗୋଟିଏ ନଦୀର ନାମ)।

विकल – व्याकुल (ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ/ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ)।

बेसुध – बेहोश, मग्न (ବେହୋସ, ମଗ୍ନ, ତଲ୍ଲିନ୍) ।

विकीर्ण – फैला या छितराया हुआ (ବିଛାଡ଼ି ହୋଇଥବା) ।

म्लेच्छ – मनुष्यों की वे जातियाँ जिनमें धर्म न हो (ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ଗୋଟିଏ ଜାତି ଯେଉଁ ମାନଙ୍କର ଧର୍ମ ନାହିଁ, କ୍ଲେଛ) ।

उत्कोच – घूस या रिश्वत (ଲାଞ୍ଚ) ।

डोली – एक प्रकार की सवारी जिसे कहार कन्धों पर लेकर चलते हैं-

ताँता – कतार (ଧାଡ଼ି) ।

कोष – संचित धन (ସଞ୍ଚ ଧନ, କୋଷ) ।

पठान – अफगानिस्तान और पश्चिम पाकिस्तान के बीच वसी हुई एक मुसलमान जाति जो वीरता, कठोरता आदि के लिए प्रसिद्ध है (ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ଥାନ ଓ ପଶ୍ଚିମ ପାକିସ୍ତାନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବାସକରନ୍ତି) ।

मुगल – मंगोल देश का निवासी, मुसलमानों का एक वर्ग (ମଙ୍ଗୋଲ ଦେଶର ନିବାସୀ/ ମୁସଲମାନର ଏକ ଜାତି) ।

धर्मचक्र – धर्म का समूह

तृणगुल्म – कई शाखाओं में होकर निकलने वाली घास (କୌଣସି ଶାଖାରେ ହୋଇଥିବା ଛୋଟ ଛୋଟ ଘାସମଗୁଳ୍ମ)।

चन्द्रिका – चाँदनी (ଚାନ୍ଦିନୀ, ଶଶାଙ୍କ, ଶଶି) ।

स्तूप – टीला (ସ୍ତୁପ) । जिसके नीचे भगवान बुद्ध की अस्थि, दाँत, केश आदि स्मृति चिह्न सुरक्षित हो (ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଭଗବାନ ବୁଦ୍ଧଙ୍କ ଅସ୍ତ, ଦାନ୍ତ କେଶ ଆଦି ସ୍ମୃତି ଚିହ୍ନ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ହୋଇଅଛି) ।

कपाट – किवाड़, पट, दरवाजा (କବାଟ, ଦ୍ଵାର) ।

खण्डहर – किसी टूटे हुए या गिरे हुए मकान का बना हुआ भाग (ଭଗ୍ନାବଶେଷ ) ।

मृगदाव – काशी के पास ‘सारनाथ’ नामक स्थान का प्राचीन नाम स्थान का प्राचीन नाम (କାଶୀ ନିକଟରେ ଥିବା ସାରନାଥ ନାମକ ଏକ ସ୍ଥାନର ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ନାମ ) ।

सीपी – कड़े आवरण के भीतर रहने वाला संख, गोंधा आदि की जाति का जल-जन्तु। (ଜଳଜୀବ ବା ଶାମୁକା ) ।

खाँसी – (କାଶ) ।

छल – कपट (କପଟ)।

क्रूर – क्रोध (ନିଷ୍କୁର)।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 2 ममता

कहानीकार का परिचय (କାହାଣୀକାର ବା ଲେଖକଙ୍କ ପରିଚାୟ):

जयशंकर प्रसाद का जन्म सन् १८८९ ( 1889) ईं० में हुआ। उनके पिता सुंघनी साहू मशहूर तम्बाकू व्यापारी थे। वे व्यवसाय करते थे, लेकिन लिखते थे काव्य – कविता क्योंकि उनके पिता देवीप्रसाद विद्धानों- गुणीजनों का आदर करते थे। प्रसादजी को उच्च शिक्षा नहीं मिली। उन्होंने घर पर हिन्दी, संस्कृत, अंग्रेजी पढ़ी। माता-पिता का जल्दी देहान्त हो गया। इसलिए उन्हें किशोरावस्था से ही पारिवारिक भार उठाना पड़ा। सन् १९३७ (1937) ई. को ४८ वर्ष की उम्र में हीउनका निधन हो गया।

अभिमत:
ममता मध्ययुग के रोहतास दुर्ग के ब्राह्मण-मन्त्री चूड़ामणि की विधवा पुत्री है। उसकी माता का पहले ही देहान्त हो चुका था। स्नेहपालिता पुत्री का दुःख कुछ कम करने के लिए पिता चूड़ामणि पठानों से प्राप्त स्वर्ण- मुद्रा भेंट करते हैं; पर ममता यह कहकर कि ‘हम लोग ब्राह्मण हैं, इतना सोना लेकर क्या करेंगे’ यह भेंट ठुकरा देती है। कुछ दिनों के पश्चात् पठानों से हुए संघर्ष में ममता के पिता मारे जाते हैं। दुर्ग पर शेरशाह का अधिकार हो जाता है। ममता भाग निकलती है और एक बौद्ध मठ के खण्डहरों में जा छिपती है।

आगे चलकर मुगल बादशाह हुमायूँ चौसा- युद्ध में शेरशाह से हारकर एक रात को ममता की झोंपड़ी में पहुंचते हैं और आश्रम की भिक्षा मांगते हैं। ‘अतिथि देवो भव’ – इसी भारतीय सांस्कृतिक परंपरा के नाम पर ममता हुमायूँ की मदद करती हे। मदद के प्रतिदान देने के लिए हुमायूँ ममता की खोज करने का आदेश सैनिकों को देते हैं, पर ममता कहीं नहीं मिलती। तब उस झोंपड़ी के स्थान पर एक घर बनानेका आदेश मिरजा को देते हुए हुमायूँ लौट जाते हैं। फिर ४७ सालों के बाद अकबर जब मुगल बादशाह बनते हैं, तब उनकी आज्ञा से मिरजा ममता का घर बनवाने के लिए आते हैं। उस समय ममता ७० साल की वृद्धा है। मुगलों को अपनी झोंपड़ी सौंपकर ममता स्वर्ग सिधार जाती है। उस स्थान पर हुमायूँ की स्मृति में एक अष्टकोण मन्दिर बनवाया तो जाता है, पर कहीं भी उस मन्दिर पर ममता का नाम लिखा नहीं जाता।

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Activity-16

Understanding The Writer’S Purpose
Which of the following does the text aim to do?
a) instruct people on how they can become great batsmen.
b)warn good batsmen of.the danger of playing in a foreign and.
c)present a factual account of the Jam Sahib’s game.
d) express the writer’s great admiration for Jam Sahib as a batsman
Answer:
(d) express the writer’s great admiration for Jam Sahib as a batsman.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Activity-17

Understanding The Structure Of The Text
Look quickly through the text and decide which paragraphs are about each of the following points

Points in: the text Paragraph Number(s)
i) a special place in the affec­tions of the English people.
ii) Jam Sahib’s technical perfection in comparison with that of Shrewsbury.
iii) Maximum result with minimum effort.
iv) But the king will come to no more
v) Success in bringing the East into the heart of happy crowds.
vi) Stillness of the panther before its sudden spring.

Answer:

Points in the text Paragraph Number(s)
i) Special place in the affec­tions of the English people. 7
ii) The Jam Sahib’s technical is perfect in comparison with that of Shrewsbury. 3
iii) Maximum result with minimum. effort. 6
iv) But the king will come to no more 9
v) Success in bringing the East into the heart of happy crowds. 8
vi) Stillness of the panther before its sudden spring. 4

Activity-18

Comprehension
Decide which of the following statements the writer would agree with.
i) The Jam Sahib of Nawanagar is the first Indian who has reached the imagination of the English people,
ii) Mr. Asquith scored many more runs than Shrewsbury.
iii) India could have found a better ambassador than the Jam Sahib with his smile and bat.
iv) Mr. Asquith can’t stand comparison ‘with the Jam Sahib with his mastery of the fine and omission of inessentials.
v) The Jam Sahib used to remain motionless as the ball was delivered.
Answer:
(i) The Jam Sahib of Nawanagar is the first Indian who has touched the imagination of the English people, (v) The Jam Sahib used to remain motionless as the ball was delivered.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Extra Activity-18(A)

A. Find out which statement is true about the Jam Sahib
i)The Jam Sahib is an economist,
ii) Mr. Shrewsbury is a tariff batsman.
iii)No batsman can ever face the powerful bowling of the Jam Sahib
iv)The Jam Sahib and Mr. Asquith can be compared on the same line so far as maintaining the economy.
v)Jam Sahib entered cricket and the writer has written this essay on that.
Answer:
(iv) The Jam Sahib and Mr. Asquith can be compared on the same line so far as maintaining the economy.

B. See which of the following is correct in the context of the text. The Jam Sahib
a) is an Indian cricket bowler.
b) has scored two single centuries in a single match on a single day.
c) passes the quickness of the panther with the stillness of its spring.
d) moves like a squirrel on the pitch while the bowler approaches the wicket.
e) makes a slight movement of his wrist and the ball races the ropes.
f)has own no special place in the affections of the English people.
Answer:
(e) The Jam Sahib makes a slight movement of his wrist and the ball races to the ropes

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

C.(a) What does the feeling of writer in the initial lines of the text?
Answer:
The writer expresses great anger at Jam Sahib’s retirement from cricket. Therefore, he says in the initial lines of the text that the last ball has been howled,
the bats have been bowled and put away and the ground stands will look empty around Lords.

(b) Why did the Jam Sahib retire from cricket?
Answer:
The Jam Sahib had a far-reaching contribution to cricket. But he got retired from cricket because he had become forty and had become fat

(c) What was specific about Strawberries?
Answer:
Strawberry was dull and mechanic, There was no style, color, no enthusiasm, no character in his art of playing cricket. To him cricket was not an adventure, but a business, Although his technical perfection was astonishing, the soul of the game was wanting in him.

(d) What was special about the Jam Sahib?
Answer:
The Jam Sahib’s playing cricket was most attractive. His play was as sunny “as his face. He was not miserly in begging mns’ but was a mi, billionaire spending them with an sP, ended yet and generosity. He stands motionless as the bowler approaches the wicket. That bat suddenly flashes to the ball and the stroke is over.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

(e) Why do Jam Sahib and Mr. Asquith stand in comparison in the text?
Answer:
Both Jam Sahib and Mr. Asquith are known economies in their respective fields. Mr. Asquith is economical in his use of words and the Jam Sahib is also in his use of actions in playing cricket. Both achieve the same comp, etc„ ess of effort. The Jam Sahib never uses action too much and Mr. Asquith never uses a word too many.

(f) What does the writer say about the other known Indians and the Jam Sahib?
Answer:
The great Indians such as the Gokhale, the Banerjee, and the Tagores are known for their high scholarship, rare powers of speech and noble characters come to the
English. They come arid go unseen and unheard by the mess of people. But the Jam Sahib has brought the East into the heart of the holiday crowds and taught them to think of it as something human and kind-hearted and keenly responsive to the joys and appeal to them i.e. the English.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Activity 19

( Writing)
Write an Idler io friend. comparing the Jam expressing your views on Gardiner’s appreciation of Jam Sahib’s batting while Sahib with your favorite batsman in international cricket.

Activity-20

Brochure Writing
A brochure refers to a booklet or even a page with pictures that gives you information about a product or service.
Read the following writing (brochure) about a city in England.

The famous Roman City of St. Albanus is 30 miles North of London and can easily be reached by train or bus. The town although small is well worth a visit and the following places are of particular interest to the tourist. First, there are the Roman remains of Verulamium and the Roman theatre, both situated in beautiful natural surroundings near a lake.

Second and closed by, is the impressive, largely Norman Cathedral, the second largest in Britain and housing the remains of the first Christian martyr, St. Alban. You can then roll along old winding streets like Fishpool and George Street, both lined with fine examples of Tudor and Georgian houses, and not far away is the clock tower, built in 1645. Last but not least, no visitor should leave the city without dropping into one of the numerous picturesque old pubs.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Pre-reading Activity:
We have so far read three texts Text-A on a lovable man who was a teacher of the writer’s father at the elementary school. Text-B on the writer’s mother and Text-C on Lucy’s mother who suffered in her old age because of governmental apathy. The present section (Section-D) presents a portrait of a great cricketer an Indian prince who in England won the hearts of the Englishmen of his time with his superb batting You must have heard about Sunil Gavaskar as a master batsman and you must have watched Sachin Tendulkar batting.’ Can you name some other batsmen whom you admire and say what’s special about their batting? Have you ever heard about a cricketer named the Jam Sahib? Now read the following Text to know about this great cricketer of the past.

The Jam Sahib Of Nawangar Summary in English

The writer says that cricket fans have to say goodbye to cricket. Because they have already said goodbye to the cricket king who will no more appear in the field to amuse the audience. It is because the Jam Sahib has turned forty and becomes fat. No more will they see him running lightly down the pavilion steps, his face wreathed in chubby smiles. However, it is a fact that as a batsman the Indian will live as the supreme master of the Englishman’s game. His season’s average of 87 with a total of over 3000 runs, is easily the highest point ever reached in English cricket.

He has totaled over 3,000 runs three times and no one else has equaled that record. He has also scored two double centuries in a single match on a single day. The Jam Sahib has the root of the matter in him. His play is as sunny as his face. He was born and brought up in his little kingdom Nawanagar where he has the power of life and death in his hands, he is extremely popular. His pleasure rests in giving pleasure. He is the perfect embodiment of combining the stillness of the panther with the suddenness of its spring. The style of the Jam Sahib is entirely different. He stands motionless as the bowler approaches the wicket. He remains motionless as the ball is delivered. Then the bat flashes to the ball, and the stroke is over.

The boy seems as if not having changed position, the feet unmoved, and the bat as before. Jam Sahib makes a slight movement of his wrist and the ball races to the ropes. As Mr. Asquith is economical in the use of words as the Jam Sahib in the same of action, a man of high scholarship, rare powers of speech, noble character— the Gokhale’s, the Banerjee’s, the Tagores come and go by the m&ss of the people. The Jam Sahib has brought the East into the heart of the happy holiday English crowds and has taught them to think of it as something human and kind-hearted and keenly responsive to the joys that appeal to all.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Analytical outlines of the text.

  • The writer says that cricket fans have to say goodbye to cricket.
  • Because they have already said goodbye to the cricket king.
  • The cricket king will no more appear in the field to amuse the audience.
  • It is because the Jam Sahib has turned forty.
  • He becomes fat.
  • No more will they see him running lightly down the pavilion steps.
  • We can no more see his face wreathed in chubby smiles in the pavilion.
  • It is a fact that as a batsman the Indian will live as the supreme mortar
  • His season’s average is 87 with a total of every 3000 runs. of the Englishman’s game.
  • It is actually the highest point ever reached in English cricket.
  • He has totaled over 3000 runs three times.
  • No one else has equaled that record.
  • He has also scored two double centuries in a single match on a single day
  • Jam Sahib has the f00t 6f the matter in
  • His play is sunny as his fane.
  • He was born and brought up in his little kingdom Nawanagar.
  • Here, he has the power of life and. death in his hand.
  • He is extremely popular for his attractive playing.
  • His pleasure rests in giving pleasures.
  • He is the perfect embodiment of combining the stillness of the panther with the suddenness of its spring,
  • The style of the Jam Sahib is entirely different.
  • He stands motionless as the bowler approaches the wicket.
  • He remains motionless as the ball is delivered.
  • Then the bat flashes to the ball.
  • Then the stroke is over.
  • The boy. seems as if not having changed position.
  • The boy seems as if the feet are unmoved and the bat is as before.
  • Jam Sahib makes a slight movement of his wrist and the ball riches to the ropes.
  • Mr. Asquith is economical in the use of words.
  • So Jam Sahib is economical in the use of action.
  • He is a man of high scholarship, rare powers of speech, and noble character.
  • The Gokhale, the Banerjee, and the Tagores come and go by the mass of the people.
  • Jam Sahib has brought the East into the heart of the happy holiday English crowds.
  • He has taught them to think of it as something human.
  • He also taught them to think of it as something kind-hearted and keenly responsive to the joys that appeal to all.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text D: The Jam Sahib of Newanagar

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

Lord’s- the most important cricket ground in England.
Grandstands – places where spectators sit to watch a game.
Jam Sahib – Ranjit Singhji, Prince and ruler of the former Indian State of Nawanagar.
chubby – plump and round-faced. bidding goodbye (from cricket)
hats off – bidding goodbye (from cricket)
chubby smiles – smiles of a person who has a round face.
Washington Irving – American essayist, story- writer and historian (1783- 1859)
Shrewsbury – a famous English cricketer of the time
menaced – endangered, in danger.
wanting – lacking, there is the absence of.
millionaire – very rich, wealthy, affluent,
gaiety – the spirit of joy, pleasure, happiness.
daring -courageous, energetic, vigorous.
generosity – liberal, very kind, noble.
swiftness – quickness, speedy in movement
stylists – people who play cricket very gracefully and in a unique way
indisputable – unquestionable, unargumental undebatable, tentative, unquarreling.
flourish – bloom, decorate gracefully move.
cease – abandon, stop, halt, pause.
lightens – flashes.
Mr. Asquith – British Statesman (1852-1928)
inessentials – unnecessary, unrequired unwanted.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Section – C

Pre-Reading Activity
In this unit, we have so far read three texts Now read the following text to know about this great cricketer of the past in the next chapter Text-A on a lovable man who was a teacher of the writer’s father at the elementary school, Text-B on the writer’s mother and Text-C on Lucy’s mother who suffered in her old age because of governmental apathy. This section (Section-D) presents a portrait of a great cricketer an Indian prince who in England won the hearts of the Englishmen of his time with his superb batting. Have you ever heard about a cricketer named Jam Sahib?

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Activity-12

Understanding The Text Type
Look quickly through the passage and decide what type of text it is. Choose from the following:
a) 219 guide to how old people can receive help from the government.
b) a report on the helplessness of old people in the United States.
c) a report on government apathy towards old people in the. United States.
d) a description of the goodness of Lucy’s mother.
Answer:
(b) a report on the helplessness of old people in the United States.

Activity-13

In many texts, a certain amount of information is implied rather than directly stated. In such cases, you will have to infer and thus collect more information from the text than what is explicitly stated. You will have some practice in inferring still if you look at the following sentences and answer the questions.

a) “The fact that only 3 percent of the city’s elderly live in institutions tells all about its nursing homes” (paragraph 1) What does this fact suggest?
Answer:
This fact suggests that only a negligible elderly population pulls forward in the nursing homes of America.

b) “The lady in 3B is dying” (paragraph 2) What do you think 3B refers to?
Answer:
3B refers to a home for the Ageing in which senior citizens are admitted to be taken care of.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

(c) “Sister Bernice talked briefly of moving her into a nursing home” (paragraph 1). Who do you think sister Bernice is?
Answer:
Sister Bernice is in charge of taking care of the old in a nursing home.

(d) “Breaking open mailboxes is so common that people don’t want to alert criminals to their vulnerability” paragraph 12) Why would this alert criminal to their vulnerability?
Answer:
“Breaking open the Ifetter boxes would ultimately lead to ‘disclosure which would alert criminals to their vulnerability. secret

(e) “The Crime Prevention Centre always advises the elderly and to get into eB, Pt)r elevators?’ (Paragraph-

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

15). Why do they advise this?
Answer:
Because the office is situated on the sixth floor of an unguarded almost deserted building.

Activity-14

Understanding Chronological Sequence
Write down the sequence of events described in the passage from the moment Lucy Rowan’s mother needed help to when the old lady died.

Answer:
1. Lucy Rowan’s mother used to live alone in Brooklyn in a one-roomed flat.
2. She was 86, and had developed cataracts and arthritis.
3. a Few weeks ago, she was strong and stout and she went shopping herself.
4. But lier arthritis was so bad that she was unable to move.
5. Sister Bernice suggested moving into a nursing home.
6. Lucy’s eyes caught a mailbox stuffed with letters.
7. Lucy telephoned the number to Early Alert.
8. Lucy’s mother is not getting all the benefits she is entitled to
9. There is a medic who toÿprovide home help and pays medical bills, food stamps, and even welfare from the City.
10. In spite of the trouble and red tapism in finding such things Lucy feels elated to work her way.
11. She, therefore, rang the Brooklyn office of the Department for the Ageing.
12. Her mother, indeed, should be getting more money victors to help her with household charges, money management, personal care, laundry, meal planning, nutrition, shopping, seeing a doctor, etc.
13. The official offered the telephone number of a private employment agency, household helps S 7 an hour, six hours daily minimum.
14. Early Alert is a home for the Ageing which is available to anyone over 65.
15. . It arranges for the postman to put a red dot inside the relevant box to remind himself it belongs to an old person.
16. 11,000 people have registered so far with Early Alert.
17. The Department for Ageing came up with a brand new scheme.
18. They opened a pilot senior citizens Crime Prevention and Assistant Centre.
19. The office was on the sixth floor of an unguarded and deserted building on a rough street off Brooklyn.
20. Lucy Rowan discovered to get help for her mother, she had to contact seven different agencies. Her mother has since died.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Activity – 15

Comparing And ContrastingTwo Texts:
Notice that Xirod C. Choudhury’s “My Mother” and Linda Blandford’s “Lucy Rowan’s Mother” share a common topic, each of them talks about a mother. Can you will show us the contrast between the two texts dealing with a common topic? complete the table below which on completion.

Aspects of contrasts My Mother Lucy Rowan’s Mother
1. Writer’s relation with the person described.
2. Writer’s purpose
3. Writer’s attitude to the person described.
4. Main features of the mother
5. Image used and their effect (s)
6. Descriptive sequence (how are the parts of the text related?
7. Any other aspects in which you can contrast the two texts?

Answer:

Aspects of contrasts My Mother Lucy Rowan’s Mother
1. Writer’s relation with the person Closely related but with occasional restraints and fear relation not so thick so as to take care of mother when old
2. Writer’s purpose to universalize the particular to shed and shift responsibilities at old parents. •
3. Writer’s attitude to the person described. Quite positive and extraord­inary, sensitive and discreet personal interest outweighing the desire of looking. into the interest of the mother.
4. Main features of the mother Mother as a universal figure- lovable and occasionally serious didactic and delightful, traditionally conservative and dynamic Old, affluent, materialistic, moneyed, helpless, and old age.
5. Image used Jand their effect (s) She gives a hideous scream and begins to knock her head on the floor by way of mourning. They frightened her by giving a scream 1 disproportionate to the children’s enjoy She lives alone in a one-roomed flat. She was 86, had cataracts and arthritis in no bed and she can’t move.
6. Descriptive sequence (how are the parts of the text related? “Give out a hideous scream and begin to knock her head on the floor by way mour­ning.” “We frightened her  by giving a scream dispropo­rtionate to our injury “She lives about in Brooklyn. She has a one-roomed flat and he only income is her social security cheque for $196. Lucy’s mother is 86. She has cataracts and arthritis … Her arthritis is so- bad, she can’t move.
1. Any other, aspects in which you can contrast the two texts Well, a balanced character who helps and is being helped. Helpless in old age despite her riches and children who do not feel inclined to look after her

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Lucy Rowan’S Mother Summary in English

However, Lucy Rowan’s mother lived income was S 196. She- was eighty-six years condition. For this reason, she was not able alone in Brooklyn in a one-roomed fiat. Her old. She was suffering from cataracts and arthritis. Her arthritis was Very serious to move easily. One day,’ on the way home Lucy noticed a dramatic poster on the bus. It displayed a mailbox full of letters. It bore a headline: “The lady in 3B is dying, only her mailbox can save her.” There was also a telephone number for something called Early Alert run by the city’s Department for the Ageing. Lucy telephoned the number.

Of course, Lucy’s mother was not availing all such benefits. At that time, any service continuously was paid tea maximum retired person completing forty quarters of $107.90 a month. She telephoned the Brooklyn office of the Department for the Ageing. Her mother, in’ deed, should have more money for household chores, money management, personal care, laundry, meal planning, nutrition, shopping seeing a doctor, etc.

Eleven thousand people have already registered themselves with Early Alert. The Department for Ageing came up with a new scheme- Senior citizens, crime prevention, and Assistance Centres to provide protection to 60 percent of elderly persons. It would also help people after they have been mugged. The office was situated on the sixty, the floor on which there was no elevator attendant. Lucy Rowan discovered that to get help for her mother, she had to contact seven different agencies. Her mother has since died.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Analytical Outlines of the Text

  • Lucy Rowan’s mother lived alone in Brooklyn,
  • She lived in a one-roomed flat there.
  • Her income was $196.
  • She was eighty-six years old.
  • She was suffering from cataracts and arthritis.
  • Her arthritis was a very serious condition.
  • For1 this reason, she was not able to move easily.
  • One day, on the way home, Lucy noticed a dramatic poster on the bus.
  • It displayed a mailbox full of letters. It bore a headline: “The lady in 3B is dying, only her mailbox can save her.”
  • There was also a telephone number for something called Early Albert run by the city’s Department for the Ageing.
  • Lucy telephoned the number.
  • Of course, Lucy’s mother was not availing all such benefits.
  • At that time, any’ retired person who completed forty quarters of services continuously, was paid to a maximum of
  • She telephoned the Brooklyn, office of the Department for the A’gejftg $107.90 a month.
  • Her mother, indeed, should have more
  • Eleven thousand people have already registered themselves with Early Alert.
  • The Department for Ageing came up with a new scheme.
  • The new scheme was for senior citizens, Crime Prevention, and Assistance Centres.
  • It provided protection to 60 percent of elderly persons.
  • It would also help people after they have been mugged.
  • The office was situated on the sixty floors.
  • There was no elevator attendant in the office.
  • Lucy Rowan wanted to get help for her mother.
  • Her mother has since died
  • She had to contact seven different agencies. money for household chores, money management, personal care, laundry, meal planning, nutrition, shopping, seeing a doctor, etc.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Lucy Rowan’s Mother

Meaning of difficult words

mailbox – a disease of the eye in which the lens slowly clouds over obscuring the light.
patently – light gout, inflammation of a joint or joints.
Cataract – full of, beset with, infested with.
arthritis – letter box, box carrying letter
stuffed – evidently, with sufficient, substantial proof
discernible – distinguishable, worthy of making out, which can be seen clearly by eyes or mind.
inventory – a detailed catalog, stock of articles shown, clustered assembled, grouped, gathered, congregated, etc.
bulging – swelling up, being inflated, growing up in size
wad – a collection of documents folded or rolled together.
amiss – wrong, disturbance in the situation.
vulnerability – open to physical injury or attack.
undaunted – not daunted, fearless, courageous, bold.
intruder – he who comes in without being asked or wanted.
trauma – causing lasting so estancia damage to a person’s psychological development. the severe wound was caused by a sudden emotional shock

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Section-B

Pre-reading Activity:
Mother is the fondest image impressed on our minds. In the following passage, Nirad C. Chaudhury who is considered an outstanding Indian writer in English and who lived most of his life in England gives an account of his mother.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Activity – 8

Understanding The Structure Of The Text
Scan, the gaped text (Text-B) and decide which of the following parts would fit into which numbered gap in the text. There is one extra part that does not belong in any of the gaps.

A. If she asked us to take a portion after dividing a sweet Or some other dish, we always said, “Give us a piece yourself, mother.” For we know of by any chance one of us took what appeared to be the biggest piece, she would look at him with meaning or at times even angry contempt.

B. She came back after nearly six months and the day after. She arrived. She again ordered my mother out. My mother who had stepped in the room for the whole period of absence of her mother-in-law went out smiling under her veil

C. If we groaned too much in times of illness or expected to be made much of, we were quietly and firmly told to try to go to sleep instead of making things worse by complaining.

D. Her eyes were large and liquid, her nose very regular and prominent, her lips well-cut tending towards fullness in the lower one. The real weakness of the face was the chin which though nearly shaped was net weighty enough for the upper part.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Activity-9

Understanding The Relation Of The Parts In A Text
Now read the complete text (that is with the gaps filled) and complete the diagram below so that the completed diagram represents the (descriptive) sequence in which the writer describes his mother. The completed diagram will give you an overall idea of the text organization.
CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B My Mother
Answer:
A. If she asked us to take a portion after dividing a sweet or some other dish, we always said, “Give us a, piece yourself, mother”, for we knew, if by any chance one of us took what appeared to be the biggest piece, she would look at him with meaning or at times even angry contempt. (It fits into paragraph no.3)

B. She came back after nearly six months and the day after she arrived, she again ordered my mother out. My mother, who had slept in the room for the whole period of absence of her mother-in-law,’ went and sent under her veil.

C. If we groaned too much in times of illness or expected to be made much of, we were quietly and firmly told to try to go to sleep instead of making things worse by complaining.

D. Her eyes were large and liquid, her nose very regular and prominent, her lips well cut tending towards fullness in the lower one. The real weakness of the face was the chain; which though nearly shaped was not weighty enough for the upper part (It fits into the paragraph giving an introduction of her physical features)

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Answers Activity-9
(Understanding The Relation Of The Parts In A Text)
Now read the complete text (that is with the gaps filled) and complete the diagram so that the completed diagram represents the (descriptive) sequence in which the writer described his mother. The completed diagram will give you an overall idea of the text organization.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B My Mother - 1
CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B My Mother - 2

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Extra Activity-9 (A)

Question 1.
This writer’s mother and father had common principles. They had also differences. What are they?
Answer:
The writer’s mother and father were different in appearance, temperament, and outlook

Question 2.
What does the writer say about his mother’s and father’s physique?
Answer:
The writer’s mother was slight and fragile, but his father was robust and strong-built. Her face was responsive but that of his father was impassive.

Question 3.
Could the writer’s mother hide her feelings?
Answer:
The writer’s mother wore her heart on her sleeve. She could not hide her feelings. Her children were able to see at a glance whether she was angry or pleased.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Question 4.
What does the writer say about his mother’s eyebrows?
Answer:
When his mother was young. there were two deep vertical wrinkles between her eyebrows which in normal cases would have signified a bent for thought

Question 5.
Do you feel the writer’s mother was an intellectual?
Answer:
The writer’s mother was not an intellectual. She was rather argumentative and devastatingly logical. She was also intuitive and introspective

Question 6.
What does the writer say about his mother’s forehead and face?
Answer:
The writer describes that his mother’s forehead was very well-shaped without being high. The oval of her face was broad in its upper half, but very quickly receding and tapering in the lower.

Question 7.
What qualities do her features indicate?
Answer:
Her physical features indicate an impression of unsleeping, alertness, and inexhaustible, animation. They speak volumes of openness, goodness, and generosity which were so natural in that countenance.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Question 8.
Why does the author say that “appearance was deceptive”?
Answer:
It was because her face did not show hardly indicated even, the immense strength of her normal convictions. Nobody could infer from her face that she was capable of such fanaticism

Question 9.
What did she do when some mishap befell her children?
Answer:
Although a high-strong woman she was capable of turning panicky on some mishap happening to any of her children, she restrained herself soon.

Question 10.
What were the most detestable things seen with the writer’s marriage?
Answer:
The things which the writer’s mother earnestly detested were a falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice, and meanness.

R. Choose the correct alternative to match the answers against each question:

i) The writer’s mother was : (beautiful, ugly, and pretty)
Answer:
Pretty,

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

ii) She was: (strong, well-built, robust, and fragile)
Answer:
fragile.

iii) She had two deep vertical wrinkles:(on her eyebrows, between her eyebrows)
Answer:
between her eyebrows

iv) She disliked? (dishonesty, pleasure, and love)
Answer:
dishonesty

v) She : (loved her children, did not love her children)
Answer:
loved her children

Extra Activity- 9 (B)

Comparison (1): Cheaper, More Expensive
A.Look at these sentences:
1. Let us go by car. It’s cheaper
2. Don’t go by train. It was more expensive.
‘Cheaper’ and ‘more expensive’ arc comparative forms. One can use ‘than’ after comparative.
Ex: 1. It’s cheaper to go by car than by train.
2. Going by train is more expensive than going by car.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

B. The comparative form is er or more…,

i) We use ‘er’ for short words (one syllable)
cheap – cheaper, fast – faster,
large – larger
We also use ‘er’ for two-syllable words that end in ‘y’
lucky – luckier, easy- easier,
early- earlier
ii) We use ‘more’ for longer words (two syllables or more) more modem, more serious, and more expensive.
Ex: These people are more modern than we are

C. Adjective and Adverbs having irregular comparative forms: Good/well – better.

Ex. 1. The garden, looks better since we tidied it up.
2. I know him well, probably better than anybody else.
badly/bad- worse
Ex. 1. Is your headache better? No, it’s worse.
far- further (or farther)
Ex. It’s a long walk to the station – farther than/thought ‘further but not ‘farther’ can also mean ‘more’ of ‘additional’.
Ex. Let me know if you hear any further news (= any more news).

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Comparison (2)
A. Before comparing you can use: much, a lot, far, a bit, a little, slightly
Ex. 1. Let’s go by car. It’s much cheaper.
2. Could you speak a bit more slowly?
3. This bag is slightly heavier than the other one.
4. Her illness is far more serious than we thought at first

B. You can use any and not + comparative (any longer/no bigger)

Ex. I’ve waited long enough. I’m not waiting any longer. This] house is not bigger than ours.’

C. Harder and harder; more and more. We repeat comparative like this to say that something is changing continuously.

Ex. It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job. Your English is improving. It’s getting better and better. These days more and more people are learning English,
Older and Elder: We can use elder (older) when we talk of members of a family.
You can say “my elder brother”.
Ex. Tom looks older than me.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Comparison (3) as … as/than

A. Study the following situation:
Ex. Surath, Sini, and Subas millionaires.
They are all very rich. Surath has Rs. 10 million, Sini has Rs. arc all 8 million and Subas has Rs.2 million. So: Sini is rich.
He is richer than Subas.
But he is not as rich as Surath.
Tom isn’t as old as he looks.
You can also say, ‘not so… (as):
Ex. It’s not warm but it isn’t as cold as yesterday. less… that is as similar to not as… (as):
Ex. 1. I spent less money than you.
2. The city center was less crowded than usual

B. You can use as … as but not ‘so… as’ in positive sentences and questions:

Ex. 1. I’m sorry. I’m late. I got here as fast as I could.
2. There’s plenty of food. You can have as much as you like.
3. Let’s walk. It’s just as quick as taking the bus.
4. Can you send me the money as soon as possible, please?

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

C. We say the same as (not ‘the same like’)

Ex. 1. Annis’s salary is the same as mine.
2. Tom is the same age as George.
3. What would you like to drink?
4. I’ll have the same as you,

D. Than me/than I am etc. we usually say:
1. You are taller than me.
2. He is not as clever as her.
Alter than/as. It is more usual to say me/ him/her/them/us when there is no verb, compare
Ex. 1. You’re taller than I am, but, you are taller than me.
2. They’re more money than we have, but, they have more money than us.
3. I can’t run as far as he can, but I can’t run as fast as him.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

I.Complete the sentences using a comparative form (The first one is done for you)
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _________?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ______.
3. The hotel was surprisingly big, I expected it to be ___.
4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be _________.
5. The weather is too cold in this country. I’d like to live somewhere ___________.
6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I’d like to do something ________.
7. I was surprised at how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be _________.
8. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do _______.
9. Don’t worry, the situation isn’t so bad It could be _________.
10. I was surprised we got here so quickly I expected the journey to talk _________.
11. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak it a bit_____?
12. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me _________?
13. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit _________?
14.You were a bit depressed yesterday but today ___________you today
Answer:
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter?
2, This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit stronger.
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be smaller.
4. The hotel was. surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be costlier.
5. The weather is too cold in this country. I’d like to live somewhere warmer.’
6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I’d like to do something more interesting.
7. I was surprised at how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be much more difficult.
8. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do better.
9. Don’t worry, the situation isn’t so bad. It could be better and smoother.
10. I was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to talk more time.
11. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak it a bit slower?
12. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me more frequently?
13. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit farther?
14. You were a bit depressed yesterday but you look smarter today.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

II.A. Read the situation and complete the sentences using a comparative form
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it is only six degrees _______.
2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train. It takes___________.
3. Viju and I went for a run, I ran ten kilometers. Viju stopped after eight kilometers. I ran________.
4. Ajay and Bijay both did badly in the examination. Ajay got 20% and Vijay got only 15%. Vijay did ________.
5. I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 O’clock. In fact, they arrived at 2.30. My friends_______.
6. You can go by bus or by train. The buses run every 30 minutes. The train runs every hour. The buses__________.
7. We were very busy at work today. We’re not usually as busy as that. We _______.
Answer:
1. The temperature has become lesser.
2. It takes less time by car than by train.
3. I ran more than Viju.
4. Ajay scored more than Vijay.
5. My friends reached earlier.
6. The buses are more frequent than the trains
7. We are busier at work today

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

II.B. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use ‘much/ a bit etc. + a comparative’ form. Use ‘than’ where necessary
1.Her illness_______we thought at first,(much/serious)
2. This bag is too small. I need something ________(much/big)
3. I’m afraid the problem is_______it seems, (much/complicated)
4. You looked depressed this morning but you look_ now. (a bit/happy)
5. I enjoy our visit to the museum. It was_____I expected (far/interesting)
6. You’re driving too fast, could you drive______ (a bit/slowly)
7. It’s_____to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken, (a bit/ easy)
8.I thought she was younger than me but in fact, she is_______(Slight/old)
Answer:
1 . Her illness was much, more serious than we thought at first
2. This bag is too small. I need something much bigger.
3 I’m afraid the problem is more complicated than it seems.
4. You looked depressed this morning but you look a bit happier now.
5. I enjoy-our visiting the museum. It was far more interesting than I expected.
6. You’re driving too fast, could you drive a bit slower
7. It’s a bit easier to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken
8. I thought she was younger than me but in fact, she is slightly older.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

III. Complete the sentences using any/ not a comparative. Use ‘than’ where necessary.
1. I’m fed up with waiting I’m not waiting __________.
2. I’m sorry, I’m a bit late but I could not get here ___________.
3. This shop is. not expensive. The price is ___________ anywhere else
4. I must stop for a rest, I can’t walk _________.
5. The traffic is not particularly bad today. It’s______usually.
Answer:
1 . I’m fed up with waiting. I’m not waiting any longer.
2. I’m sorry I’m a bit late but I could not get here any. longer.
3. This shop is not expensive. The price is higher than anywhere else.
4. I must stop for a rest I can’t walk anymore.
5. The traffic is not particularly, lead today It’S work usually.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Complete the sentences using the structure -er and -er.
1. It’s becoming________to find a job (hard)
2. That hole in your pull over is getting_________ (big).
3. My bag seemed to get _______ as I carried them (heavy)
4. As 1 waited for my interview, I became______ (nervous)
5. As the day went on, the weather get _______ (bad)
6. Travelling is becoming ________ (expensive).
7. Since she has been in Britain, her English has gotten___ (good).
8.As the conversation went on, he became _______(talkative).
Answer:
1. It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job
2. That hole in your pullover is getting bigger and bigger.
3. My bag seemed to get heavier and heavier as 1 carried them.
4. As 1 waited for my interview, I became more and more nervous.
5. As the day went on, the weather get worse and worse.
6. Travelling is becoming more and more expensive.
7. Since she has been in Britain, her English has gotten better and better
8. As the conversation went on, he became more and more,

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

V. Which is correct, older or elder? Or both of them?
1. My older/elder brother is a pilot.
2. I’m surprised Jane is only 25, 1 thought she was older/elder.
3. Anni’s younger sister is still at school. I let older/elder.
4. Martin is older/elder than his brother
Answer:
1. My elder brother is a pilot
2. I’m surprised Jane is only 25. 1 thought she was older.
3. Anni’s younger sister is still at school. Her elder sister,
4. Martin is older than his brother.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Activity-11

Grammar
Student tips: Look at the first sentence in paragraph 2 of Text-B. She was not handsome, but no more was she plain. You can easily see that in the first clause of the sentence, the verb “was” comes after the subject “she” which is the usual word order in English, but in the second clause there is an inversion (change of position) ‘was’ comes before the subject ‘she’.Notice again this sentence in paragraph 5: Not only did she condemn vice, (but) she almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage. Here, again in the italicized part, the auxiliary verb did come before the subject. She and there is an; inversion. Apart from its use in interrogative sentences (e.g. what do you want ? Inversion occurs) :

1. When a negative adverbial such as not only, never, and sooner. little, neither or nor begins a clause.
i) Not only- did she condemn vice, (but) she almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage
ii) Never have I seen a lovelier sunrise.
iii) No sooner had 1 entered the room, than the phone rang.
iv) Little did she know that he would never come back.
v)I have not understood a word he said neither/nor have I.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

2. When time expression such as rarely*. seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely begin a sentence:
i)Rarely does, he visits us nowadays.
ii) Seldom has the Indian team given a better performance.
iii) Hardly had the train left the station, when there was an explosion.

3. When; the sentence begins with only: Only after posting the letter did 1 remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp

4. When the sentence begins with phrases containing no or not such as – Under no circumstance, on no account; at no time, in no way, and not until.
i) On no account did the police open fire without a warning.
ii) No until then did 1 notice that 1 was carrying someone else’s umbrella

5. Wlÿen expletive there begins a sentence;
i) There were people near the cricket counter.
ii) There was someone giving them help with the reservation.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

6. When so comes at the beginning of a clause in construction like the following: I had a good time and so did Mona. With this grammatical formation, you can do the following activities:

(a) These sentences are from the holiday postcard from Smita to her brother Sunil. Complete them by putting the words in the right order. Remember, you can use inversion only in sentences (ii) and (iii)
i) We are having __ (time-a-really here-at the moment-great)
ii) The weather has been brilliant, though ________(some clouds-there-in the sky were-in the morning)
iii) The hotel is not too bad, but ___________ (-there are – tourists – too many – and – fed up – are getting – the staff)
iv) The food, however, __ (is good exceptionally)
v) Tomorrow we hope to go ___ (and on a trip – organized – the local sights some – by the hotel – of- see)
Answer:
(i)We are having really a great time here at the moment.
ii)The weather has been brilliant, though there were some clouds in the sky. in ftejnomjng
iii)The hotel is not too bad, but the staff there is too many and getting the tourists fed up.
iv)The food, however, is exceptionally good
v)Tomorrow we hope on a trip organized by the hotel and see some of the local sights.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

(b) Rewrite the following as indicated
making necessary changes:
i)There is nowhere a monument that surpasses the Taj Mahal. (No where_______)
ii)We had no sooner arrived than the storm broke. (No sooner _______ )
iii) Tulu arrived late and started complaining. (Not only__________)
iv) I’ll never invite him again
v)It started raining soon after the guests left (Hardly had ______.)
vi) The athletes were so exhausted that none of them finished the race. (So exhausted______ ).
vii) 1 realized that I had left my keys in the office only after reaching the station. (Only________).
Answer:
i) There is nowhere a monument that surpasses the Taj Mahal. Nowhere is there a monument that surpasses the Taj Mahal. ’
ii) We had no sooner arrived than the storm broke. No sooner had we arrived than the storm broke.
iii) Tulu arrived late and started complaining. Not only did Tulu arrive but started complaining.
iv) Til never invite him again. Never shall I invite him again.
v)It started raining soon after the guests left. Hardly had the guests left when it started raining.
vi)The athletes were so exhausted that none of them finished the race. So exhausted were the athletes that none of them finished the race.
vii) I realized that I had left my keys in the office only after- reaching the station. Only after reaching the station did I realize that I had left my -keys in the office.

My Mother Summary in English

However, the writer’s parents had equal principles, but they had opposite appearances, temperaments, and outlooks. His mother was trifling, and delicate, while his father was vigorous and strong and stout. Her face was responsive, on the other hand, his father’s face was entirely smart and energetic. She was rarely able to conceal her emotions and feeling. The children can easily understand in a flash whether she was angry or pleased. Although not, excited and thrilling, she was always elaborate and high-strong. Even when she was young, there were two vertical wrinkles between her eyebrows.

His mother although argumentative and logical was not intellectual. On the other hand, she was intuitive and introspective. She was not charming. Her forehead was very well-shaped and her face was oval. On the whole, she was alert and alive However, she got frightened at a mishap with her children like other Indian mothers AVho show their helplessness by giving out piercing streams or knocking their heads on the floor. She never paraded such emotion what she disliked most were a falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice, and meanness.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Analytical Outlines:

  • The writer’s parents had equal principles.
  • On the other hand, they had the opposite appearance.
  • They had also opposite temperaments and outlooks.
  • His mother was trifling and delicate.
  • His father was vigorous, strong, and stout.
  • Her face was responsive.
  • On the other hand, his father’s face was entirely smart and energetic.
  • She was rarely able to conceal her4 emotions and feelings.
  • The children can easily understand in a flash whether she was angry or pleased.
  • She was always elaborate and highly strong.
  • On the other hand, she was not excited and thrilled.
  • Even when she was young, there were two vertical wrinkles between her eyebrows.
  • His mother although argumentative and logical was not intellectual.
  • But she was intuitive and introspective.
  • She was not charming.
  • Her forehead was very well-shaped.
  • Her face was oval.
  • On the whole, she was alert and alive.
  • She got frightened at a mishap with her children like other -Indian mothers.
  • The Indian women show their helplessness by giving out piercing streams.
  • They also knocked their heads on the floor.
  • She never paraded such emotion.
  • However, she disliked falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice, and meanness.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: My Mother

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

reverse – opposite, opposed to, change, or turn to opposite.
fregite -bristle, which can be easily broken.
responsive – strong and stout, strong-built, well-formed.
impassive – giving out a response, the person who reciprocates.
high-strung – smart, active, energetic, not passive.
hectic. – small waves of stagnant water.
robust – of weak mind, very nervous, excitable.
rippled – excited or rushed, intensely active.
devastatingly – frighteningly, dangerously.
propensity – temperament, inclination.
wrinkles – small creases on the face.
introspective – looking into one’s thoughts and feelings.
broadening – thinking deeply over something or somebody.
receding – move back as flood water to withdraw from agreement
tapering – became gradually thinner or smaller at one end
inexhaustible – which can’t be exhausted or consumed up.
animation – smart, lively, and quick in movement.
countenance – look, appearance, disposition.
fanaticism – the act of moving by force of enthusiasm
hideous – frightful, ugly, repulsive, arousing, fear or awe.
mourning ‘ – pathetic, lament, unhappiness on the assumption
on the assumption – on the supposition presumption.
exhibition – show, parade, display,
contemptuous – hateful, decisive, detracting.
epithets – attributive expression, descriptive, appellation, words used to characterize
chasten – punish in order to correct, discipline.
discreetly – openly, evidently, having proof.
patently – judiciously, using reasoning and thought.
intuitive – of direct knowledge or awareness of something without conscious attention or reasoning, the knowledge that is acquired in this way, is perceived immediately.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Portrait Of A Teacher
(Part-One)

Section-A

Pre-Reading Activity
The following text has the title “Portrait of a Teacher”.
a) Can you say what a portrait means?
Answer:
If you have doubts about the meaning you have guessed, you may look up the word in a dictionary.
b) What qualities did you value in your favorite, teacher at school?
Now, read the passage to form a general idea of what the teacher described.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Activity-1

Global Comprehension
Question 1.
What is the relationship between the narrator and? Mr. Crossett?
Answer:
The relationship between the narrator and Mr. Crossett at that of a student and a teacher. The narrator in the text is the writer’s father who had a very sharp liking for his old teacher. His old teacher Mr. Crossett was eighty-four years old and he had received an award from the government For his sixty years long teaching services and contribution to education.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Question 2.
Have only good things been written about the teacher so far?
Answer:
Teachers so far have been highly respected and praised for their deeds and achievements. Nothing bad has ever been mentioned anywhere about a teacher. They are rather glorified and considered gods. Their illuminating touch has been a great force of love and greatness.

Activity-2

Local Comprehension
Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:
a) What is the significance of each of these lengths of time as mentioned in the text,’ (i) twenty years ago, (ii) eighty-four years old, (Hi) sixty years, (iv) two years ago (v) forty years old.
Answer:
(i) Twenty years ago: twenty years before: It expresses a period of long years.
(ii) Eighty-four years old: It is the coverage of a. period of the year,
(iii) Sixty years: Itis longevity or expense of years.
(iv) Two years ago: Two years back recently.
(v) Forty years: a! period of forty years.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Activity-3

Predicting
Now read the last paragraph of ‘Portrait of Teacher’ part one which ends with “…..but I admitted him already”. Look at the following sentences, each of which begins a paragraph in “Portrait of a Teacher” (Part two). Then decide which of these sentences would begin in the first paragraph of the text in part two.
a) At this moment the bell rang announcing the end of the. class.
b) We all sat quietly for a few minutes after my father finished the story.
c) Later my father and Mr. Crossett talked for half an hour about persons and things that remembered about the school.
d) Once again my father referred to his first day in Mr. Cresset’s classroom.
Your answer: a/b/c/d
Discuss with your partner whether and was your answer is right. It is time now to go through “Portrait of a Teacher” (Part two) to check your answer in Activity 4 and find to see what happens next.
Answer:
(c) Later my father and Mr. Crusset talked for half an hour about persons and things they remembered about the school.

Extra Activity-3(A)

A. Sequence the situations of the following sentences in the right order:

a) My father told him his name, Albert Borden.
b) He is eighty-four years old and yesterday the government gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of service
c) “Albert Burden, Your father was an engineer and you lived very near the school”
d) Thus, it happened that the next afternoon my father and I drove over to Daleville to see Mr. Crossett.
e) Let’s drive over there in the afternoon and say hello to you. him.
Answer:
a) He is eighty-four years old and yesterday the government gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of service.
b)Let’s drive over there in the afternoon and say hello to him.
c) Thus, it happened that the next afternoon my father and I drove over to Daleville to see Mr. Crosset.
d) My father told him his name, Albert Borden.
e) “Albert Burden, your father was an engineer and you lived very near the school”

B.(i) What was the writer’s father doing when he let out a cry?
Answer:
The writer’s father was looking through the evening paper when he let out a cry.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

(ii) Why did he let out a cry?
Answer:
He let out a cry because he came to know from the newspaper that his first teacher Mr. Crosset was given a medal by government for his continuous and prolonged service of sixty years who he thought had been dead for twenty years.

(iii) Why did the writer’s father start his studies in the third grade? direct?
Answer:
It was because he had been sick for some time and had lessons at home.- This made him enter the third, grade direct.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

(iv) How did Mr. Crossett receive the writer’s father as a student?
Answer:
Mr. Crossett smiled at us and patched me in the head and all his fears immediately disappeared.

(v) What does the writer’s father remember about the approach of Mr. Crossett in the classroom?
Answer:
Mr. Crossett. on entering the classroom every day, would put his cane in the comer and hang the tip of his coat with exactly the movements. He came with some humor, the same interest, and enthusiasm as though it were his first day of teaching.

Portrait Of A Teacher
(Part- Two)

Activity-4

Understanding The Structure Of The Text
There are five gaps in the above text. as you must have already noticed. The missing sequence. Decide which part (A, B, C, D, or E) will I find the gap in the passage: parts are given below, but not in the right

A. One by one we got up from our seats and left the room quietly. The boy who had gotten up on his seat .and made face, however, went up to Mr. Crossett’s desk with his voice trembling and said, “I’m sorry, Sir.”

B. While his back was turned, another student in the class got up stood upon his desk, and began to make faces just in order to make the other students laugh.

C. Out of the package, he drew a piece of paper and gave it to my father. It was marked with my father’s name and with the month and the year and it was one of my father’s own copybook exercises. Mr. Crossett has a record of all his old students

D. Occasionally one of the students of the previous year would put his head in the door to say hello to Mr. Crossett. They all spoke to him in such a manner as
to suggest that they were very fond of him. Others came in and shook his hand. He remained very serious.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

E.“Don’t do that again” he said at last quietly but firmly. Then he went back to his desk and went on with the lesson.
Answer:
Gap-1- (D) Occasionally one of the students of the previous year would put his head in the door to say hello to Mr. Crossett. They all spoke to him in such a manner as to suggest that they were very fond of him. Others came in and shook his hand. He remained very serious.

Gap-2- (B) While his back was turned, another student in the class got up stood upon his desk, and began to make faces just in oxter to make the other students laugh.

Gap-3- (A) One by one we got up from our seats and left the room quietly. The boy who had gotten up on Ins seat and made face, however, went up to Mr. Crossett s desk with his voice trembling and said, “I’m sorry, Sir.”

Gap-4-(E) “Do not do that again” he said at last quietly but firmly. Then he went back to his desk and went on with the lesson.

Gap-5- (C) Out of the package, he drew a piece of paper and gave it to my father. It was marked with my father’s name and with the month and the year and it was one of my father’s own copybook exercises. Mr. Crossett thus kept a record of all his old students.

Activity-5

Understanding The Chronological Sequence
(a) Mr. Crossett did not recognize his old student, although the narrator’s father recognized him instantly.
(b) The whole evening he went on talking about his old teacher and having fond remembrances of him.
(c) The narrator was full of admiration for Ms eighty-four-year-old teacher of his father.
(d) He decided to visit Mr. Crossett who was living in Dclville, only an hour’s ride from his place.
(e) Mr- Crossett then rose and brought out a Package.
(f) One evening the narrator’s father while looking through the newspaper gave a cry of surprise.
(g)When the narrator’s father told him his name Albert Borden, Mr. Crossett thought for a while and remembered all about him.
(h)The next afternoon, the narrator and his father drove to Deville and knocked at Mr. Crossett‘s door.
(i) He had read a news item about Mr.Crossett who was his first teacher in the elementary school
(j) Mr. Crossett and his old student then shared many memories of school.
(k) Out of the package he drew a piece of paper and gave it to Mr. Borden
(I)Mr. Borden remembered an accident that showed how loving and paternal his old teacher had; been at a school.
(m) He was deeply moved and tears came to his eyes.
(n) It was one of his, home works which also bore the handwriting of his mother.
Answer:
(f)One evening the narrator’s father while looking through the newspaper gave a cry of surprise.
(i) He had read a news item about Mr. Crossett who was his first teacher in the elementary school
(b)The whole evening he went on talking about his old teacher and having fond remembrances of him
(d)He decided to visit Mr. Crossett who was living in Daleville, only an hour’s ride from his place.
(h), The next afternoon, the narrator and his father drove to Delville and knocked at Mr. Crossett’s door
(a) Mr. Crossett did not recognize his old student, although the narrator’s father recognized him instantly.
(g) When the narrator’s father told him his name Albert Borden, Mr. Crossett thought for a while and remembered all about him
(c) The narrator was full of admiration for his eighty-four-year-old teacher of his father
(j) Mr. Crossett and his old student then shared many memories of school.
(e) Mr. Crqssett then rose and brought out a package.
(k) Out of the package he drew a paper and Gaye it to Mr. Borden.
(n) It was one of his home works which also bore die handwriting of his mother.
(m) He was deeply moved and tears came to his eyes.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Activity 6

(For Group work & Writing practice)
(a) Do you remember your first day at school? What incidents of that day do you remember?
(b) Which teacher made the strongest impression on you at school? And why?

Activity-7

Usage
In Text-A you have the following expressions. Insert them in appropriate places in the following paragraph: (although; in the course of; make face; on account of; left them speechless; glared at)
There was nothing special about his class. The boys were naughty as expected and they loved to _________at each other whenever, the teacher was not there __________ their routine exercise, the older boys ________ the newly admitted ones. All, this while the new teacher behaved_______ he was a stranger and had come to the school _________ some business with the principal. Then suddenly he turned around and asked them to be quiet which _________
Answer:
There was nothing special about His class. The boys were naughty as expected and they loved to make faces at each other whenever, the teacher was not there in the course of their routine exercise, the older boys glared at the newly admitted ones. All this while the new teacher behaved although he was a stranger and had come to the school on account of some business with the principal. Then suddenly he turned around and asked them to be quiet which left them speechless.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Extra Activity- 7(A)

I. Put in a/an or the.

1. This morning I bought_____newspaper and_______magazine_________newspaper is in my bag, but I don’t know where 1 put______magazine.

2 I saw ___________ accident in this morning ____ car crashed into ________tree. _______ driver of _______ car wasn’t hurt but _________ car was badly damaged.

3. There are two cars parked outside _________ grey one.___________ blue one belonged to my neighbors; I don’t know _____________ owner of_______grey one is.

4. My friends live in__________ old house in __________ small village. There is ______ beautiful garden behind ________ house. I would like to have________garden like that.

5. (a) This house is very nice. Has it got ______ garden
(b) We had dinner in __________most expensive restaurant in the town.
(c) We have dinner in ______mos expensive restaurant.

Answers:
I. 1. a; a; the; the
2. am;1 A; The; the; the
3. A; a; The; the; the;
4. an; a; a; the; a
5. (a)a; (b) the (c) the

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

II. Put in a/an or the in these sentences where necessary:

1. Would you like an apple ?_______.
2. How often do you go to the dentist ?________.
3. Could you close the door, please? __________ .
4. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to do that. I was mistake_________ .
5. Excuse me, where is the bus stand, please? ___________ .
6. I’ve got a problem. Can you help me ?__________.
7. I’m just going to ______ Post Office. I won’t be long.
8. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor _________.
9. Have you finished with book I lent you_____________ .
10. My sister has just got a job in Bank in Manchester__________.
11. We live in a small flat near the city center_______.
12. There’s a small supermarket at end of the street. I live in__________ .
Answers:
1.______ an apple.
2.__________the dentist
3. ______the door.
4. ________Mistake.
5. __________the bus station.
6.________a problem.
7. _______the Post Office
8. ________ the floor.
9. ___________the book
10.________ a job in a Bank in the Manchester
11.______a small flat near the city center.
12. ______a small_______the end of the street.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

III. Read about what these1 people do and say what their jobs are. Choose one of these jobs: driving instructor interpreter journalist travel agent waiter nurse pilot plumber

1. Stella looks after patients In the hospital. ____________ .
2. George works in an ai’ restaurant. He brings the food to the table. He __________.
3. Many arrange people’s holidays for them. She__________ .
4. Viju works for an airline! He flies airplanes. He ________________.
5. Sobhan teaches people hoW to drive ________.
6. Santosh fits and repairs water pipes ____________.
7. Suman writes articles for a newspaper ___________.
8. Shakti translates what people are saying from one language to another so that they can understand each Other. _____________ .
Answers:
1. She is a nurse.
2. He is a waiter.
3. She is a travel agent.
4. He is a pilot.
5. He is a driving instructor.
6. He is a plumber.
7. He is a journalist.
8. He is an interpreter.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

IV. Put in ‘a/an’ or ‘some’ where necessary. If no word is necessary, leave the space empty:

1. I’ve seen_________good films recently.
2. What’s wrong with you? Have you got ________ headache?
3. I know a lot of people. Mdk bf them are __________ students.
4.It is_________ unique event
5. Would you like to be an actor?
6. Do you collect _________ stamps?
7. What __________ beautiful garden
8__________ birds for example the Penguin, cannot fly.
9. I’ve been walking for three hours. I’ve got ______ sore feet.
10. I don’t feel very well this morning. I’ve got_________ sore throat
11. It’s a pity we haven’t got ___________ camera. I’d like to take photographs of that house
12. Those are__________ nice shoes. Where did you get them?
13. I’m going shopping. I want to buy _________ new shoes
14. You need __________ visa to visit _______ countries, but not all of them
15. Jane is ________ teacher. Her parents were _______ teachers too
16. Do you enjoy going to _________ concerts?
17. When we got to the city center ________ shops were still open but most of them were closed.
18. I don’t believe him. His_______lies
Answers:
1. some.
2, a,
3,x,
4. a,
5. an,
6.x,
7. a,
8. some,
9. a,
lO.a,
11. a the
12. x,
13. some,
14. X, some,
15. a,x,
16. the,
17.x,
18. a, x

Portrait Of A Teacher
(Part-One)

Portrait Of A Teacher Part-One Summary in English

Father had a look through the evening newspaper. His father started to come However, before dinner, the writer’s across the news of his first teacher died at least twenty years ago. Could anybody believe that father’s first teacher Mr. Crossett newspaper? His father thought that he was still living. He was eighty-four years old and the previous day the government gave him a medal for having completed sixty years ‘of teaching. He gave up teaching two years ago. He lived in Daleville about an hour’s ride from the writer’s residence.

Father proposed to go to his teacher for congratulating him on his The writer’s father spoke very little. He success,- recalled thousands of memories regarding Mr. Crossett. He saw his teacher the first day he entered school. His father had been sick for some time. So he was reading his lessons at home. Hence he began in the third grade. He had never been separated from his mother for a day previously and it was a fearful experience for her and me. Mr. Crossett understood the situation perfectly. He smiled at us and patted my head and with this all his fears vanished.

At that time, he must have been forty years. He was a man of broad shoulders and thick, wide hands. He had come from the village and had educated himself through hard work and study. He would enter the class every day on time and put his cane in the comer of the room and hang up his coat. He came every day with the same good humor, the same interest, and enthusiasm, as though it were his first day of teaching. Both the writer and his father set out the next afternoon to Delville to see Mr. father an engineer who lived very close to the school.

I alter answered positively. The Cross. He was well-known to everybody in the town. So they had no problem finding his house. Mr. Crosset came to the door. His father recognized him at once although he was a very old man. His father asked if an old student might be allowed to shake hands with him. Mr. Crosset could not remember his father’s name and wanted to know his father’s name. His father immediately told him that he; was Albert Borden. The old man started murmuring to himself and said whether his writer was surprised at the memory of the old man after forty years. This implied his sacrifice for and closeness to his old students.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Analytical Outlines

  • Before dinner, the writer’s father had a look through the evening newspaper.
  • His father started to come across the news of his first teacher in the newspaper.
  • His father thought that he had died at least twenty years before.
  • Could anybody believe that father’s first teacher Mr. Crosset was still living?
  • His teacher Mr. Crosset was eighty-four years old.
  • The previous day the government gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching.
  • He gave up teaching two years ago.
  • He lived in Daleville about an hour’s ride
  • from the writer’s residence.
  • Father proposed to go to his teacher for
  • congratulating him on his success.
  • The writer’s father spoke very little.
  • He recalled thousands of memories
  • regarding Mr. Crosset.
  • He saw his teacher the first day he entered school.
  • His father had been seeking for sometimes.
  • So he was reading his lessons at home.
  • Rejoice. he began in the third grade.
  • He had never been separated from his
  • a mother from the day previously.
  • It was a fearful experience for her and me.
  • Mr. Crosset understood the situation perfectly.
  • He smiled at us and patted my head.
  • All his fear disappeared by this.
  • At that time, he must have been almost forty years.
  • He was a man of broad shoulders and thick, wide hands.
  • He had come from the village.
  • He had educated himself through hard work and study.
  • He would enter the class every day on, time.
  • He put his cane in the comer of the room.
  • He hangs up his coat as usual.
  • He came every day with the same good humor
  • He also came every day with the same interest.
  • He came every day to class with the same enthusiasm.
  • He did all these as though it were his first day of teaching.
  • Both the writer and his father set out
  • the next afternoon to Delville to see Mr. Crosset.
  • He was well-known to everybody in the house.
  • So they had no problem finding his town.
  • Mr. Crosset came to the door
  • Mr. Crosset came to the door.
  • His father recognized him at once.
  • Of course, he was a very old man.
  • His father asked if an old student might
  • be allowed to shake hands with him.
  • Mr. Crosset could not remember his name.
  • So he wanted to know his father’s father’s name.
  • His father immediately told him that he was Albert Burden.
  • The old man started murmuring to himself
  • He said whether his father was an
  • He wanted to know if his father was an engineer. living very close to the school.
  • His father answered positively.
  • The writer was surprised at the memory of the old man after forty years.
  • This implied his sacrifice for old students
  • This also implied his closeness to his old students.

Portrait Of A Teacher
(Part- Two)

Portrait Of A Teacher Part- Two Summary in English

The writer’s father and Mr. Crossett had talked for half an hour. They talked about the people and things they recalled about the school. Mr. Crossett’s diagrid was quivering continuously. He said that he had to cease teaching due to this quivering hand two years ago. If it had not happened., he would have remained with students. till that day. Again, his father remembered about the first day in Mr. Crossett’s classroom. In Gap-1, it is found that Mr. Crossett marked one of his students looked sick and suffering from fever. He rushed to him and put his hand on the child’s head. In Gap 2, Mr. Crossett turned -quickly and glanced at the student.

In Gap-3, it is explained that Mr. Crossett put aside his book, looked at us for some time, and said that they had to spend their time together as in a family. He has lost his mother one year before and wished to be always with us as he had nobody with him. In Gap-4, it is found that Mr. Crossett anything about his sickness. Thereafter he got up and did something which made the author thoroughly speechless. He moved into a closet and came out with a packet which was patted on his head and told not to mind marked with name and date thereon. In Gap-5, it is found that the writer’s father read the exercise which brought tears to his eyes for the things had been written by his matter with his own hand.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Portrait of a Teacher

Analytical Outlines

  • The writer’s father and Mr. Crossett had talked for half an hour.
  • They talked about the people and things they recalled about the school.
  • Mr. Crossett’s hand was quivering continuously
  • He said that he had to cease teaching due to these quivering two. years ago.
  • If it had not happened, he would have remained with students till that day”
  • Again, his father remembered the first day in Mr. Crossett’s classroom,
  • In Gap-1, it is found that Mr. Crossett marked one ofWs’students looked sick.
  • He found that he was suffering from a fever.
  • Then,1 he rushed to him.
  • He put his hand on the child’s head.
  • In Gap-2, Mr. Crbssett turned quickly and glanced at the student.
  • In Gapf3, it is explained that Mr. Crossett put aside his book and looked at us for sometime
  • He said that they had to spend their time together as in a family
  • He lost his mother one year before,
  • Hence, he wished to be always with us as he had nobody with him.
  • In Gap-4, it is found that Mr. Crossett patted him on his head.
  • He told me not to mind anything about his sickness.
  • Thereafter, he got up and did something,
  • It made the author thoroughly speechless.
  • He moved into a closet
  • He came out with a packet.
  • It was marked with the name and date therein
  • In Gap-5, it is found that the writer’s father read the exercise.
  • It was for the things that had been written
  • It brought tears to his eyes. by his mother with his own hand.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 8 English Solutions Test-2

Test – 2

1. Given below a list of words. Your teacher will read aloud five words from the list. Tick the words s/he reads aloud.
(ତଳେ ଥ‌ିବା ଶବ୍ଦ ତାଲିକାକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର । ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ୫ଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ବଡ଼ ପାଟିରେ ପାଠ କରିବେ । ସେ ପାଠ କରୁଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଟିକ୍ (/) ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଅ ।)
Word List : turn, earth, overjoyed, suddenly, angel, blow, undisturbed.

2. Your teacher will dictate you nine words. Write them.
( ତମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତିନି କିମ୍ବା ଚାରି ଅକ୍ଷରିଆ ୯ଟି ସରଳ ଶବ୍ଦ ତୁମକୁ ଡାକିବେ । ତୁମେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଲେଖ ।)
(Teacher to dictate 9 simple 3-4 lettered words)

3. Your teacher will read aloud the following lines. Listen to him/her and fill in the gaps. (Questions with Answer)
(ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଧାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଡ଼ ପାଟିରେ ପଢ଼ିବେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଣ ଏବଂ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

Question with Answer
Like the other farmers in the state, Taro too ploughed his own land. wheat and peas, and lived in ___________ and happiness ___________ things don’t go the ___________way _____________.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

4. The main purpose of language is communication. When we communicate mainly, we exchange information. The words we speak or write carry information. Some carry information which are called message-carrying words. For example, in the dialogue, “Where are you going ?” “I’m going to Cuttack”. When we speak these message¬carrying words, we speak with greater force or, in other words, we stress on those words. Given below is a small paragraph. Underline the message-carrying words in it. One is done for you”.

(ଭାଷାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ହେଲା ଭାବ ପ୍ରସାରଣ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଭାବ ସମ୍ରାସରଣ କରୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ବାର୍ତ୍ତାର ବିନିମୟ ହିଁ କରିଥାଉ । ଆମେ କହୁଥିବା କିମ୍ବା ଲେଖୁଥ‌ିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସୂଚନା ବା ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ବହନ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି । କେତେକ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ବିନିମୟକୁ ବାର୍ତ୍ତାବହନକାରୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଯଥା – ‘ତୁମେ କେଉଁଠାକୁ ଯାଉଛ ?’ ଉତ୍ତର – ‘ମୁଁ କଟକ ଯାଉଛି ।’’ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆମେ ଏହାକୁ ବାର୍ତ୍ତାବହନକାରୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁ ସେତେବେଳେ ଜୋରରେ କହୁ କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ୟ କଥାରେ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଜୋର ଦେଇ କହୁ । ତଳ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦକୁ ପଢ଼ି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାର୍ତ୍ତାବହନକାରୀ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତଳେ ଗାର ଦିଅ ।)

“When the king of Kathiawada heard about those three brothers, he made them his royal guards. He was sure that nobody could steal anything from his palace. He said that he would give a gold medal to the man who could fool all the three guards.”

5. Write the following Odia names in English.
(ନିମ୍ନ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ଲେଖ ।)
(Teacher will give three names of persons in Odia)
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତିନି ଜଣ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ନାମ ଡାକିବେ ।)
___________, ___________
___________, ___________
___________, ___________

6. Write the following place names in English.
(ନିମ୍ନ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ଲେଖ ।)
(Teacher will give three names of places in Odia)
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ତିନିଟି ସ୍ଥାନର ନାମ ଡାକିବେ ।)
___________, ___________
___________, ___________
___________, ___________

7. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets in their comparative forms. One is done for you.

Question (i)
My uncle is (young) my father.
Answer:
My uncle is younger than my father.

Question (ii)
Mango is (sweet) pineapple.
Answer:
Mango is sweeter than pineapple.

Question (iii)
Kashmir is (cool) Kanyakumari.
Answer:
Kashmir is cooler than Kanvakumari.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

Question (iv)
Elephant is (big) lion.
Answer:
Elephant is bigger than lion.

Question (v)
The Sun is (hot) the moon.
Answer:
The sun is hotter than the moon.

Question (vi)
Ankit is (smart) Swagat.
Answer:
Ankit is smarter than Swagat.

8. a. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
Kalu was a poor stonecutter. One day, it was hot, and Kalu did not feel like working. He put his axe down and said, “I want to be rich”. Suddenly, an angel came down from heaven and said, “You shall be rich”. And so, Kalu became rich. He ate and drank all day. One day he saw a king. Everybody bowed to him. Kalu said, “Money isn’t enough. I want to be a king”. The angel came again, and made him a king. Now everybody bowed to him. Kalu was happy. One day, he was going around his country. The hot sun burnt him. Suddenly Kalu shouted, “I want to be the Sun”.

Answer the questions in complete sentences.

Question 1.
Who was Kalu ?
Answer:
Kalu was poor stonecutter.

Question 2.
Why didn’t Kalu feel like working ?
Answer:
Kalu didn’t feel like working because it was very hot.

Question 3.
Who came down from the heaven ?
Answer:
An angel came down from the heaven.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

Question 4.
What did Kalu see one day ?
Answer:
One day Kalu saw a king.

Question 5.
What burnt Kalu ?
Answer:
The hot sun burnt Kalu.

b. Given below is a conversation between Kalu and the angel. Some lines are missing. Fill in the missing lines. (Question with Answer)

Some lines are missing. Fill in the missing lines

Answer:
Kalu : I am not happy.
Angel : Why?
Kalu : I want to be rich.
Angel : You shall be rich.
Kalu : I am not happy.
Angel : Why
Kalu : I want to be a king.
Angel : You shall be king.
Kalu : I’m not happy.
Angel : Why
Kalu : I want to be the sun.
Angel : You will be the sun.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

9. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
1. Budhiram was proud. He was proud of his wealth. He always talked about the things he had. He had a talking doll; a singing watch and a magic pen with different kinds of ink inside it. He talked about them so much that the villagers got bored with his talk. They called him Budhuram.
2. One day Kitu played a trick on Budhiram. He said, “Uncle, I have got some special paintings from Delhi. You can’t find such paintings anywhere”.
3. Budhiram wanted to see those special paintings. The next day he went to Kitu’s house. He said, “Dear Kitu, are your paintings as good as my singing watch ? Let’s see those paintings.”
4. Kitu said, “Come uncle. See the first one. “Kitu brought out a painting from a box. The painting was about a girl crossing a bridge. She was carrying an open umbrella as it was raining. Budhiram asked, “What is so special about this painting ?” Kitu replied, “Uncle ! Wait for the weather to change, please”.

a. Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What was Budhiram proud of?
_________________________

2. What did he always talk about?
_________________________

3. What did Budhiram have?
_________________________

4. Why did villagers call Budhiram ‘Budhuram’?
_________________________

5. What are the meanings of Budhiram and Budhuram. What is the difference?
_________________________

6. Who played a trick on Budhiram?
_________________________

b. Write five simple and short sentnces abut Budhiram. One is given. Budhiram was proud. _________________________

c. Given below is a conversaton between Budhiram and Kitu. Fill in the missing parts.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Test-2

Kitu : Good morning, uncle.
Budhi : _________________________
Kitu : How are you?
Budhi : _________________________
Kitu : Do you have a talking doll?
Budhi : Yes,
Kitu : _________________________
Budhi : Yes, I have a singing watch.
Kitu : Do you have a magic pen?
Budhi : _________________________

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 8 English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-I
I. Pre-Reading

See the picture. What do you see?
Is it a big house or small house ?
ଛବିଟି ଦେଖ । କ’ଣ ଦେଖୁଛ ?
ଏଇଟି ଗୋଟିଏ ବଡ ଘର ନା ଛୋଟ ଘର ?

See the picture. What do you see

How do you know it?
(The big boundary wall and the gate)
ତୁମେ କେମିତି ଜାଣିଲ ? (ବଡ଼ ପ୍ରାଚୀର ଏବଂ ବଡ଼ ଫାଟକ)

Who is at the gate ?
What is the boy doing?
Who is he ?
ଫାଟକ ପାଖରେ କିଏ ?
ପିଲାଟି କ’ଣ କରୁଛି ?
ସେ କିଏ ?

Who is at the gate

Well, you have answered almost everything about the picture. Let’s read the story and know more about it.
ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ତୁମେ ଏ ଛବି ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ସବୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇଛ । ଏବେ ଆସ ଗପଟି ପଢ଼ିବା ଏବଂ ସେ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଅଧ‌ିକ କଥା ଜାଣିବା ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

II. While Reading

SGP-1
Read paragraphs 1-2 silently and answer the questions that follow.

1. Once ………………………………………………………………………………… in a dark night.
କୌଣସି ଏକ ସମୟରେ କାଥୁଆୱାଡ଼ରେ ତିନିଟି ଭାଇ ରହୁଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ଯେ କୌଣସି ଲୋକଠାରୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଅଧିକ ଦେଖି ପାରୁଥଲେ । ସବା ସାନଭାଇର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି ସବୁଠାରୁ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଥିଲା । ସେ ତା’ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କ ପକେଟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଚକୋଲେଟକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖିପାରୁଥିଲା । ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଭାଇର ଅଧିକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଚକ୍ଷୁ ଥିଲା । ସେ କୁକୁଡ଼ା ପେଟ ଭିତରେ ଥବା ଅଣ୍ଡାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖିପାରୁଥିଲା । ସବା ବଡ଼ଭାଇର ବିଚକ୍ଷଣ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି ଥିଲା । ସେ ଅନ୍ଧାର ରାତିରେ ସାତଟି କାନ୍ଥ ପରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବସ୍ତୁ ଦେଖି ପାରୁଥିଲା ।

2. When ……………………………………………………………………………………………… three guards.
ଯେତେବେଳେ କାଥୁଆୱାଡ଼ର ରାଜା ତିନିଭାଇଙ୍କର ଅଦ୍ଭୁତ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ରାଜାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରହରୀରୂପେ ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ଦେଲେ । ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ଥିଲେ ଯେ ତିନିଭାଇଙ୍କର ତୀବ୍ର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି କବଳରୁ କୌଣସି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ରାଜପ୍ରାସାଦରୁ ଚୋରି କରି ଖସି ଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ । ସେ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ ଯିଏ ସେ ତିନିଭାଇଙ୍କୁ ବୋକା ବନେଇଦେବ, ସେ ତାକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମୁଦ୍ରା ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦେବେ ।

Word Meaning
better : good in a greater degree / to improve
powerful : having great power / having great influence
purse : money bag
super : grand
heard : to listen something
royal : majestic / noble
guard : a person who protects a place or person
steal : to take something from a person without permission
medal : a piece of coin or metal given to the winner
fool : a person who lacks good judgement

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where did the three brothers live?
(ତିନି ଭାଇ କେଉଁଠି ରହୁଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The three brothers lived in Kathiawad.

Question 2.
How were they different from others?
(ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପରଠାରୁ କିପରି ଭିନ୍ନ ଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
They were different from others. They could see better than anyone else in the world.

Question 3.
How were the eyes of the youngest brother? What could he do with his eyes?
(ସବା ସାନ ଭାଇର ଆଖି କିପରି ଥିଲା ? ସେ ତା’ ଚକ୍ଷୁରେ କ’ଣ କରି ପାରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The youngest brother had very powerful eyes. He could see a chocolate kept in a purse inside the pocket with his eyes.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Question 4.
How were the eyes of the second brother? What could he do with his eyes?
(ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଭାଇଟିର ଚକ୍ଷୁ କିପରି ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଥିଲା ? ସେ ତା ଆଖରେ କ’ଣ କରି ପାରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The second brother had extra powerful eyes. He could see the eggs inside a hen.

Question 5.
How were the eyes of the oldest brother? What could he do with his eyes?
(ସବା ବଡ଼ ଭାଇର ଆଖି କିପରି ଥୁଲା ? ସେ ତା ଆଖରେ କ’ଣ କରି ପାରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The oldest brother had super extra powerful eyes. He could see through seven walls even in a dark night.

Question 6.
Why did the king make them his guards?
(ରଜା କାହିଁକି ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରହରୀ ଭାବରେ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The king made them his guards because he thought nobody could steal anything from the powerful eyes of the brothers.

Question 7.
What did the king declare?
(ରାଜା କ’ଣ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The king declared that he would give a gold medal to the man who could fool all the three brothers.

Session-2

SGP – 2
Read paragraphs 3-4 silently and answer the questions that follow.
3. Many…………………………………………………………………………………………….. became famous.
ବହୁତ ଆଡୁ ବହୁତ ଲୋକ ସେ ପ୍ରହରୀ ତିନିଜଣଙ୍କୁ ବୋକା ବନେଇବାକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଛଦ୍ମବେଶରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ରୂପରେ ଆସିଲେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ଦାଦା ଖୁଡ଼ୀ ବେଶରେ ଆସିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରହରୀମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଛଦ୍ମବେଶକୁ ଭେଦକରି ସବୁକଥା ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ । କେହି ହେଲେ ସ୍ଵର୍ଣ୍ଣମୁଦ୍ରା ପାଇ ପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଯେତେ ଅଧିକ ଲୋକ ଆସି ବିଫଳ ହେଉଥା’ନ୍ତି, ତିନି ପ୍ରହରୀଙ୍କର ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ସେତେ ଅଧ୍ଵ ବଢୁଥାଏ ।

4. When ……………………………………………………………………….. at others.
ଯେତେବେଳେ ତିନିଭାଇଯାକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ହୋଇଗଲେ, ଆଉ କାହାକୁ କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବାକୁ ହେବ । ସେ ସବୁକୁ ଭୁଲିଗଲେ । ସେମାନେ ରୁକ୍ଷ ଏବଂ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ପାଲଟିଗଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଆଦୌ ହସିଲେ ନାହିଁ, ବରଂ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ଉପରକୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଚିଡ଼ି ହେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ ।

Word Meaning
fool : to make others foolish
guise : as external form, appearance or manner of presentation
disguise : to deceive someone in another’s dress
Famous : well known / popular
behave : treat
Proud : arrogant
Rude : ignorant / harsh / polished
Smile : laugh silently
Shouted : to speak loudly

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why did a lot of people come to the palace?
(କାହିଁକି ରାଜପାସାଦକ ବହୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ଲୋକ ଆସୁଥୁଲେ ?)
Answer:
A lot of people came to the palace to get the gold medal making fool to the three brothers, who could see better than anyone in the world.

Question 2.
How did the three brothers behave with others?
(ତିନି ଭାଇ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The three brothers became rude and cruel to others and only shouted at other people.

Question 3.
What made them so proud?
(କେଉଁଥପାଇଁ ସେମାନେ ଗର୍ବୀ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The three brothers became so proud because no one could make them fool and couldn’t get the gold medal.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

SGP – 3
Read paragraphs 5-6 silently and answer the questions that follow
(ପଞ୍ଚମ ଓ ଷଷ୍ଠ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଦୁଇଟି ନୀରବରେ ପାଠ କରି ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

5. A little boy ………………………………………………………………………………….. of dry leaves.”
କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ବାଳକ ଗୋପି ବୋଲି ଛୋଟିଆ ପିଲାଟିଏ ସେ ତିନିଭାଇଙ୍କୁ ବୁଦ୍ଧି ଶିଖେଇବ ବୋଲି ସ୍ଥିର କଲା । ସେ ରାଜକୁମାର ପଢୁଥିବା ସ୍କୁଲରେ ଏକାଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ପଢୁଥିଲା । ସେ ପ୍ରାୟ ରାଜକୁମାରଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ସବୁଦିନ ଆସୁଥିଲା । ଦିନେ ଦ୍ବିପ୍ରହର ଖରାବେଳ ସମୟରେ ଘରକୁ ଫେରିବାବେଳେ ଗୋଟିଏ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଶୁଖୁଲାପତ୍ର ଲଦା ହୋଇଥିବା ଠେଲାଗାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଆସିଲା । ସବା ସାନଭାଇ ଫାଟକକୁ ଜଗିଥିଲା । ସେ କହିଲା ‘ଟିକିଏ ରୁହ, ଗୋପି । ସେ ଶୁଖାପତ୍ର ଭିତରେ କିଛି ଲୁଚାଯାଇଛି କି ? ମୋତେ ପତ୍ରମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଦିଅ ।’’ ସେ ତା’ର ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଚକ୍ଷୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ସବୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରି ଦେଖିଲା । ହେଲେ କିଛି ପାଇଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେ ଗୋପୀକୁ ଭିତରକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ଛାଡିଦେଲା ଏବଂ ଜଗୁଆଳି ପୁସ୍ତକରେ ଲେଖିଦେଲା – ‘ଗୋପୀ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶୁଖୁପତ୍ର ଭରା ଗାଡ଼ି ନେଲା ।’’

6. The next day ………………………………………………………………………………… a load of sand.
ତା ପରଦିନ ଗୋପି ଘାସ ବୋଝେଇ ହୋଇଥିବା ଗାଡ଼ିଟିଏ ଧରି ବାହାରି ଆସିଲା । ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଭାଇଟି ତା’ର ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଚକ୍ଷୁରେ ନିରୀକ୍ଷଣ କରି ଘାସବୋଝକୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ପାଇଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେ ଗୋପିକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲା ଏବଂ ଜଗୁଆଳି ପୁସ୍ତକରେ ଲେଖିଲା, ‘ଗୋପୀ ଗୋଟିଏ ଘାସବୋଝେଇ ଗାଡ଼ି ନେଲା ।’’ ତୃତୀୟଦିନ ଗୋପି ଗୋଟିଏ ବାଲିବୋଝେଇ ଗାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଘରକୁ ବାହାରିଲା । ସବା ବଡ଼ଭାଇ ତାର ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଚକ୍ଷୁରେ ନିରୀକ୍ଷଣ । ସେଥୁରୁ କିଛି ପାଇଲା ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ତା’ର ଜଗୁଆଳି ପୁସ୍ତକରେ ଲେଖିଦେଲା, ‘‘ଗୋପି ଗୋଟିଏ ବାଲିବୋଝେଇ ଗାଡ଼ି ନେଲା ।’’

Word Meaning
lesson : instruction / task
prince : son of a king
pushing : press or urge forward
cart : two-sheeled carriage
dry : free from moisture / not fresh
hidden see : to keep secret / conceal
through : to know the truth about something
carefully : with proper attention and care
guard : one who guards / watches persons / things
take a load of : take a good look at something
allowed : to give permission

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who wanted to teach them a lesson?
(କିଏ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉଚିତ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲେ ?)
Answer:
Gopi wanted to teach the three brothers a lesson.

Question 2.
How could he come to the palace almost everyday?
(ସେ କିପରି ରାଜପ୍ରାସାଦକୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ଯା-ଆସ କରିପାରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
He could come to the palace almost everyday as he was’studying in the same class as the prince. He was a friend to the prince.

Question 3.
What did he bring from the palace?
(ସେ ରାଜପ୍ରାସାଦରୁ କ’ଣ ଆଣୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
He brought a little push cart from the palace.

Question 4.
What were the little push carts loaded with?
(ଛୋଟ ଠେଲାଗାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ କ’ଣ ପଶିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The little push carts were loaded with dry leaves, grass and sand.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-3

SGP – 4
Read paragraphs 7-8 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ସପ୍ତମ ଓ ଅଷ୍ଟମ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଦୁଇଟି ପାଠ କରିସାରି ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

7. Things ………………………………………………………………………… palace”.
ଦିନ ପରେ ଦିନ ଏହିପରି ଚାଲିଲା । ଗୋପି ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ଠେଲା ଗାଡିରେ କେଉଁଦିନ ଦଳ, କେଉଁଦିନ ଭଙ୍ଗା ଟିଣ, ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ଡବା ଏବଂ କତା ବୋଝେଇ କରି ପ୍ରାସାଦରୁ ନେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ଜଗୁଆଳି ଭାଇମାନେ କେବଳ ସେଇକଥା ଲେଖି ଗୋପିକୁ ଘରକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଉଥିଲେ । ମାସକ ପରେ ଗୋପି ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖା କରିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲା । ‘‘ମହାଭାଗ ! ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କର ତିନିପ୍ରହରୀଙ୍କୁ ବୋକା ବନେଇ ପାରିଛି ।’’ ସେ ଅଦରକାରୀ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଏପରି ତଦାରଖ କରୁଥିଲେ ଯେ ରାଜପ୍ରସାଦରୁ ମୁଁ ନେଇଯାଇଥିବା ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟକୁ ସେମାନେ ଜାଣିପାରିନଥୁଲେ ।

Read paragraphs 7-8 silently and answer the questions that follow

8. The king ………………………………………………………………………… afterwards.
ରାଜା ଗୋପୀ ଘରକୁ ଗଲେ । ସେ ସେଠାରେ କ’ଣ ଦେଖିଲେ ? ଗୋପୀର ଘର ଛୋଟ ଠେଲାଗାଡ଼ିରେ ପୂର୍ଣ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲା । ‘‘ମହାଭାଗ ! ଏସବୁ ଠେଲାଗାଡ଼ିକୁ ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଭଣ୍ଡାରଘରୁ ନେଇ ଆସିଛି । ଏସବୁ ମୁଁ ତିନିପ୍ରହରୀଙ୍କ ଦେଇ ଠିକ୍ ବାଟରେ ଆଣିଛି । ରାଜା ଚତୁର ବାଳକଟି ପ୍ରତି ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ପ୍ରୀତ ହେଲେ ଏବଂ ତାକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଘୋଷଣା ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ସ୍ଵର୍ଣ୍ଣମୁଦ୍ରାଟି ପ୍ରଦାନ କଲେ ।

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 5.
What did the royal guards check?
(ରାଜପ୍ରହରୀମାନେ କ’ଣ ତଦାରଖ କରୁଥିଲେ ? )
Answer:
The royal guards checked only worthless things instead of checking important things that came out of the palace.

Question 6.
Were the guards fooled by Gopi?
(ପ୍ରହରୀମାନେ ଗୋପୀଦ୍ୱାରା ବୋକା ବନିଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, the guards were fooled by Gopi.

Question 7.
Who reported the things to the king ?
(କିଏ ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ ସବୁ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣାଇଲା ?)
Answer:
Gopi himself reported the things to the king.

Question 8.
Where did the king see the little push carts ?
(ଛୋଟ ଠେଲାଗାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରାଜା କେଉଁଠି ଦେଖିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The king saw the little push cards in Gopi’s house.

Question 9.
Why was the king happy with Gopi ?
(ଗୋପୀ ପ୍ରତି ରାଜା ଖୁସି ଥିଲେ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The king was happy with Gopi because he could teach some lessons to the proud royal guards. They were not really sincere at their works.

Question 10.
Did he reward or punish Gopi ?
(ସେ ଗୋପୀକୁ ପୁରସ୍କୃତ କଲେ ନା ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
He did not punish Gopi but rewarded gold medal to him for his honesty and cleverness.

Question 11.
What changes came in the three brothers ?
( ତିନି ଭାଇଙ୍କ ମନରେ କି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆସିଲା ?)
Answer:
The three brothers were ashamed of their insincerity. They became well behaved and kind afterwards.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

III. Post-Reading

1. Visual Memory Development Technique (VMDT)

Whole Text : The three brothers and their eyes – king made them royal guards – their behaviour changed – Gopi fooled them – king rewarded Gopi.
ସମସ୍ତ ପାଠ୍ୟବସ୍ତୁ : ତିନି ଭାଇ ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି ଅଜା ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରହରୀ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ କରିବା । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବ୍ୟବହାରରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଦେଖାଯିବ । ଗୋପୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବୋକା ବନେଇଲେ । ରାଜା ଗୋପୀକୁ ପୁରସ୍କୃତ କଲେ ।
Part : Paragraph 6-powerful eyes, load of grass, guard’s book.
: ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଚକ୍ଷୁ, ଘାସ ବୋଝ, ପ୍ରହରୀ ପୁସ୍ତକ ।

2. Comprehension Activities

a. Tick the correct alternatives.
(ସଠିକ ବିକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ଠିକ୍ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
The youngest brother had eyes?
(A) extra powerful
(B) ordinary
(C) very powerful
(D) super extra powerful
Answer:
(C) very powerful

Question 2.
The oldest brother could see?
(A) the eggs inside a hen
(B) through seven walls even in a dark night.
(C) a chocolate kept in a purse in a pocket
(D) through a mountain
Answer:
(B) through seven walls even in a dark bight.

Question 3.
could see the eggs inside a hen?
(A) The youngest brother
(B) The oldest brother
(C) The second brother
(D) None, of the three brothers
Answer:
(C) The second brother

Question 4.
The king declared to give a gold medal to the man who would?
(A) use the guards
(B) fool the guards
(C) kill the guards
(D) praise the guards
Answer:
(B) fool the guards

Question 5.
Gopi took away _ from the palace and fooled the guards?
(A) loads of dry leaves
(B) loads of sand
(C) loads of grass
(D) little push carts
Answer:
(D) little push carts

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-4

(b) The sentences given below are about what happened in the story. But they are not in order. Put them in right order by writing their serial numbers in boxes.
(ଗଳ୍ପର ଘଟଣା ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ କେତେକ ବାକ୍ୟ ତଳେ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଇଛି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମାନୁସାରେ ନାହାନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ କ୍ରମ ଅନୁସାରେ ସଜାଇବା ପାଇଁ ବାମପଟେ ଥ‌ିବା ଖାଲି ଘରମାନଙ୍କରେ ଉଚିତ କ୍ରମିକ ନମ୍ବର ଲେଖ ।)
Put them in right order by writing their serial numbers in boxes.

Answer:
10. Gopi reported the matter to the king.
3. They became proud and behaved badly.
5. Many men came but failed.
9. The guards were fooled.
2. The king of Kathiawada made them his royal guards.
6. A little boy Gopi wanted to fool them.
1. Once upon a time there lived three brothers in Kathiawada.
8. The guards checked the loads but not the carts.
11. He praised the boy and gave him a gold medal.
7. every day he came pushing a little pushcart loaded with unnecessary things.
12. The guards were ashamed and behaved well.
4. He declared a gold medal for the man who would fool them.

Session-5
3. Listening

Your teacher will read out the following paragraph. Listen to him/ her and fill in the blanks.
(ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଏହି ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଟି ପାଠ କରିବେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଣ ଏବଂ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୂରଣ କର ।)
The youngest brother had ___________ powerful eyes. He could see a ___________ kept in a ___________ inside his friend’s ___________. The second brother had ___________ powerful eyes. He could see the inside a ___________. The oldest ___________ had ___________ powerful eyes. He could see through ___________ in a ___________.

Answer:
The youngest brother had very powerful eyes. He could see chocolate kept in a purse inside his friend’s pocket. The second brother had extra powerful eyes. He could see the eggs inside a hen. The oldest brother had super walls even powerful eyes. He could see through seven walls even on a dark night.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-6
4. Speaking

Follow the steps given in the previous lessons for practice. Practise the dialogues.
(ପୂର୍ବପାଠରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କର । ସଂଳାପଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କର ।)
Gopi : Your Majesty ! I’ve fooled your guards.
King : How is that ?
Gopi : They keep busy checking worthless things. They fail to see important things.

5. Vocabulary

Some persons, places, and things are described below. Find out them in the story and write them in the spaces. Figures in brackets indicate paragraph numbers. (Question with Answer)
(ତଳେ କେତେଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ସ୍ଥାନ ଏବଂ ବସ୍ତୁର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଗଳ୍ପ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କରି ଡାହାଣ ପଟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଖାଲି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଲେଖ । ବନ୍ଧନୀ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସଂଖ୍ୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦରେ ସୂଚନା ।

Some persons, places, and things are described below

Answer:
Some persons, places, and things are described below Answers

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-7
6. Writing

a. In 2 (b). you have already arranged the sentences in an order. Now use the sentences in an order and write the story in the space below.
(2 (b). ରେ ତୁମେ ଅସଜଡ଼ା ଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମାନୁସାରେ ସଜାଇଛ । ବତ୍ତମାନ ସେଇ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମାନୁଯାୟୀ ସଜାଇ ଗଳ୍ପଟି ଲେଖ ।)
Once upon a time there lived three brothers in Kathiawada. The king Qf Kathiawada made them his royal guards. He declared a gold medal for the man who would fool them. They became proud and bahaved badly. Many men came but failed. A little boy Gopi wanted to fool them. Everyday he came pushing a little push cart loaded with unnecessary things. The guards checked the loads but not the carts. The guards were fooled. Gopi

b. Write answers to the following questions :
(ନିମ୍ନ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
(i) How were the three brothers different from others ? Ans. The youngest brother had very powerful eyes. He could see a chocolate kept in a purse inside his friend’s pocket. The second brother had extra powerful eyes. He could see eggs inside a hen. The oldest brother had super extra powerful eyes. He could see through seven walls even in a dark night.

(ii) Match the brothers with their eyes.
Match the brothers with their eyes.

Answer:
Match the brothers with their eyes. Answers

Now write sentences using both parts :
Example:
1. The youngest brother had very powerful eyes.
2. The second brother had extra powerful eyes.
3. The oldest brother had super extra powerful eyes.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-8
(iii) Match ‘A’ with ‘B’
Then make sentences using both parts.

Then make sentences using both parts.

Answer:
Then make sentences using both partsAnswer

Sentences
1. The youngest brother could see a chocolate in a purse kept inside a pocket.
2. The second brother could see the eggs inside a hen.
3. The oldest brother could see through seven walls in a dark night.

Question (iv)
Why did the king make them his royal guards ?
Answer:
The king made them his royal guards to keep his things safe in his palace.

Question (v)
What did the king declare ?
Answer:
The king declared a gold medal who would make fool his three royal guards.

Question (vi)
Why did many people come to the palace ?
Answer:
Many people came to the palace to make fool to the royal guards.

Question (vii)
What made the three brothers proud ?
Answer:
The three brothers were appointed as royal guards by the king and they had powerful eyes to keep the palace safe.

Question (viii)
How did they behave ?
Answer:
They became rude and cruel when more and more people failed to make them fool.

Question (ix)
What did Gopi take with him everyday ?
Answer:
Gopi took a push cart with him everyday.

Question (x)
What did the guards check ? What did they fail to check ?
Answer:
The guards checked only unnecessary things loaded in the carts.

Question (xi)
What did the king see in Gopi’s house ?
Answer:
The king saw a number of push carts in Gopi’s house.

Question (xii)
What did the king give Gopi ?
Answer:
The king gave a gold medal to Gopi.

Question (xiii)
What change came in the guards ?
Answer:
The guards after that were ashamed of their insincerity and became well behaved and kind to others.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

Session-9
7. Mental Talk

“Gopi fooled them all.”

Tail-Piece
The man who thinks himself more clever than others is a fool. The world around him is still cleverer. Read the following story and see how it is.

The Magic Picture
Budhiram …………………………………………………………………………. own things.
ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ନିଜକୁ ଗର୍ବିତ ମନେକରୁଥିଲା । ସେ ତା’ର ପ୍ରଚୁର ଧନପାଇଁ ଗର୍ବ କରୁଥିଲା । ତା’ପାଖରେ ଥିବା ସବୁ ଜିନିଷର ସେ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରୁଥିଲା । ତା’ର ଗୋଟିଏ କଥାକୁହା କଣ୍ଢେଇ ଥିଲା, ସଂଗୀତ ଗାନ କରୁଥିବା ଘଣ୍ଟା ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ କୁହୁକ କଲମ, ଯେଉଁଥରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର କାଳି ଥିଲା । ସେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଷୟରେ ଏତେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରୁଥିଲା ଯେ, ଶୁଣି ଶୁଣି ଲୋକମାନେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇ ପଡୁଥିଲେ । ଏଣୁ ଲୋକମାନେ ତାକୁ ବିରକ୍ତିରେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ବୋଲି ଡାକୁଥିଲେ । ଦିନେ କିଟୁ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଗୋଟିଏ କୌଶଳ ଦେଖାଇଲା । ସେ କହିଲା ‘ମଉସା, ମୁଁ ନିକଟରେ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀରୁ କେତେକ ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ରଙ୍ଗୀନ ଛବି ଆଣିଛି । ଏପରି କୌଣସି ଛବି ଆପଣ କେଉଁଠି ପାଇବେ ନାହିଁ ।’’ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଏହି ଦୁର୍ଲଭ ଛବିକୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲା । ତା’ପରଦିନ ସେ କିଟୁର ଘରକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ସେ କହିଲା, ପ୍ରିୟ କିଟୁ, ତୋର ଛବିଗୁଡ଼ିକ କଣ ମୋ ଗୀତଗାଇବା ଘଣ୍ଟାଭଳି ସୁନ୍ଦର ? ଆସ ସେ ଛବିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦେଖ‌ିବା । ।’’

The man who thinks himself more clever than others is a fool

କିଟୁ କହିଲା, ‘‘ଆସନ୍ତୁ ମଉସା, ପ୍ରଥମଟି ଦେଖ । ଏହା କହି କିଟୁ ବାକ୍‌ସର ଗୋଟିଏ ଛବି ଆଣିଲା । ଏଇଟି ଥୁଲା, ଗୋଟିଏ ଝିଅ ଗୋଟିକୁ ପୋଲକୁ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରିବାର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ । ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଛତାମେଲାଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା, କାରଣ ବର୍ଷା ହେଉଥିଲା । ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ପଚାରିଲା, ଏଇଟା ଏବେ କେଉଁ ବିଚିତ୍ର ଛବି ଯେ ? କିଟୁ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲା, ‘ମଉସା, ଅପେକ୍ଷା କର ପାଗ ବଦଳିବା ଯାଏ, ଦୟାକରି ।’’ଠିକ୍ ସେଇ ସମୟରେ କିଟୁର ଭଉଣୀ ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମକୁ ଚାକପେ ଖାଇବାକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କଲା । ଏଣୁ କିଟୁ ଏବଂ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଉଭୟେ ଚା ବିସ୍କୁଟ ଖାଇବାକୁ ସେଠାରୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ । ସେମାନେ କିଟୁର ବାପା ମାଆଙ୍କ ସହ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆଳାପ କଲେ । କିଛି ସମୟ ପରେ କିଟୁ ଏବଂ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ କିଟୁର କୋଠରିକୁ ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଛବିର ରଙ୍ଗରେ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆସିଯାଇଥିଲା । ଏକା ପୋଲ ଏକା ଝିଅ ଏବଂ ସେଇ ପୂର୍ବର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ । ମାତ୍ର ଛତାଟି ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିବାର ଦେଖାଗଲା । ଆକାଶରେ ଖରା ଏବଂ ନିମଳ ପାଗ ଥିଲା ।

‘‘ଛତାଟି କିପରି ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଗଲା ?’’ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ପଚାରିଲା । କିଟୁ କହିଲା, ‘ଚା ଖାଇବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବର୍ଷା ହେଉଥିଲା । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବର୍ଷା ନାହିଁ । ଏଣୁ ଛତା ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି, ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲା, ଏହା ମୋହର ନିହାତି ଦରକାର । କିଟୁକୁ ପଚାରିଲା ଏ ଛବିଟିକୁ ତୁ କେତେ ଟଙ୍କାରେ ଆଣିଥୁଲୁ ? ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମକୁ କିଟୁ କହିଲା ‘ମଉସା, ଏହାକୁ ମୁଁ ବହୁତ ଶସ୍ତାରେ କିଣିଛି । ମୁଁ କେବଳ ଦୁଇ ହଜାର ଟଙ୍କା ଦେଇ ଏହାକୁ ଆଣିଛି ଆପଣ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମୋତେ ହଜାରେ ଟଙ୍କା ଦେଇଥାନ୍ତୁ । ଫସଲ ଅମଳ ପରେ ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ହଜାରେ ଦେଇଦେବେ । କିଟୁ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମର କୌଶଳ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିଥିଲା । ସେ ଏହାପରେ ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ଟଙ୍କା ଆଦୌ ଦେବେ ନାହିଁ । ତଥାପି ସେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମକୁ ତାକୁ ବିକିବାକୁ ରାଜି ହୋଇଗଲା ।

The world around him is still cleverer. Read the following story and see how it is

ସତକୁ ସତ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀଙ୍କୁ ଡାକି ଏକ ସଭା କଲା । ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛର୍ବ ଟି ଦେଖାଇ କହିଲା, “‘ଭଦ୍ରବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ ଏଇଟି ଗୋଟିଏ କୁହୁକ ଛବି । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବର୍ଷା ହେଉନାହିଁ । ଏଣୁ ଏଥରେ ଝିଅଟି ଧରିଥ‌ିବା ଛତା ବନ୍ଦ ଅଛି । ମୁଁ ଯଦି ଏହା ଉପରେ କେତେ ବୁନ୍ଦା ପାଣି ଢାଳିଦେବି, ଛତାଟି ଖୋଲିଯିବ । ସମସ୍ତେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗ୍ଲାସ୍‌ରେ ଗ୍ଲାସେ ପାଣି ଆଣିଲା । ସେଥୁରୁ କେତେ ବୁନ୍ଦା ପାଣି ସେ ଛବିରେ ଢାଳିଦେଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ହେଲାନାହିଁ । ତା’ପରେ ସେ ଆହୁରି ଅଧ୍ଵକ କେତେ ବୁନ୍ଦା ପାଣି ଢାଳିଲା । ତଥାପି ଛତା ମେଲିଲା ନାହିଁ । ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମକୁ ଥଟ୍ଟା କଲେ ଏବଂ ଯେ ଯାହା ଘରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 5 Gopi Made Them Fools

ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ କହିଲା, ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ! ତୁ ମୋତେ ଠକିଛୁ ।’’ କିଟୁ କହିଲା, ନାହିଁ, ମଉସା, ମୁଁ ଠକି ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ଛବିଟିର ଅଧା ଦାମ୍ ଦେଇଛ । ଏଣୁ ଦୁଇଟି ଛବି ମଧ୍ଯରୁ ମୁଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଦେଇଛି ।’’ ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ଏହିପରି ଦୁଇଟି ଛବି ଅଛି ? କିଟୁ କହିଲା, ହଁ ମଉସା । ଗୋଟିଏ ବର୍ଷା ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟଟି ବର୍ଷା ହେଉନଥିବା ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ବର୍ଷା ନାହିଁ, ସେ ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ଛତା ବନ୍ଦ ଛବିଟି ରହିଛି । ଯାହା ତୁମେ ନେଇଛ । ବର୍ଷା ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ସମୟର ଛବି ମୋ ପାଖରେ ଅଛି । ତୁମେ ତାକୁ ନେଇପାର । ସେଥୂପାଇଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଆଉ ହଜାରେ ଟଙ୍କା ଅଧିକ ଦେବାକୁ ପଡିବ । ବୁଦ୍ଧିରାମ ଆଉ ଛବିଟି କିଣିଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେହିଦିନୁ ସେ ତା’ଘରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିବା ବନ୍ଦ କରି ଦେଲା ।

Word Meaning
get bored : to feel unhappy that something is not interesting
rush to : to do something quickly
wealth : a lot of money, property

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Section – I

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
Can you visualize the dramatic setting when the story begins?
(Note: Imagine that you are standing on the platform of Rohena station. A, train arrives. A blind young man is travelling all alone, seated in a dark corner of an empty compartment A girl gets into the same compartment. An elderly couple comes to see her off leaves after giving her the usual instructions to be observed during the journey. The train leaves the station).
Answer:
The sudden appearance of the girl, her parents giving usual instructions where she should keep her luggage, not to lean out of windows and to avoid speaking to strangers, etc. was really dramatic. Again, a blind man sitting in the dark corner of the railway .compartment and the setting adds to the setting to be more dramatic.

Question 2.
Which lines in the text show that the man was blind?
Answer:
The lines- “As I was totally blind at the time, my eyes sensitive only to light and darkness. I was unable to test what the girl looked like but I know she wore slippers from the way they slapped against her heals” show that the man was blind.

Question 3.
How did the girl respond to the first question of the blind man?
Answer:
The first question of the blind man to the girl was: “Are you going all the way to Dehra ?” and the respond of the girl to this question was: “I didn’t know anyone else was he”. This seems that the girl hadn’t seen the man sitting alone in the compartment.

Question 4.
What does the narrator observe about the people with good eyesight and the people who can not see?
Answer:
The narrator observes that it often happens that people with good eyesight fail to see what is right in front of them. They have too much to take in whereas people who can’t see have to take in only the essentials.

Question 5.
Is the protagonist afraid that his blindness may be discovered by the girl? If so, why?
Answer:
Yes, the protagonist is afraid to test his blindness should be discovered by the girl travelling in the same compartment. It was because he would be able to prevent her from discovering that he was blind.

Question 6.
“Then I had better not get too familiar”. What is the occasion and intention underlying this statement of the narrator? Does it throw any
light on his character?
Answer:
When the girl travelling in the compartment said that her aunt would be waiting for her at Saharanpur, the narrator said this on this occasion with the intention that “aunts are usually formidable creatures.”

Question 7.
How does the man try to hide his blindness from the girl? Do his efforts create a situation of comical and light heartedness?
Answer:
When the girl asked the man to look outside the window to see what it was outside, he tried to hide his blindness from the girl by moving along the berth feeling for the window ledge. His efforts of doing this creates a situation of comical and lightheartedness.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Question 8.
How does bond add colour and beauty to a world of blindness and suffering? Discuss briefly the world of beauty and romance as noticed in the conversation between the travellers.
Answer:
Bond presents a world of beauty and romance in the conversation between the girl and the narrator, “Oh, how lucky you are. I wish I were going to Mussoorie. I love the hills. Especially in October.” breaths a spirit of romance and love. “You have an interesting face” speaks volumes of love “You are a very gallant young man” tells about reciprocal statement of love

Question 9.
What was the thing that fermented the protagonist about the girl?
Answer:
The girl was standing very close to the man when she was to get off the train, She was so close that the perfume from her hair was tantalizing. He wanted to raise his hand an of touch her hair, but she moved away, This fermented the protagonist about the girl.

Composition:
Question 1.
How does the narrator make guesses about the fellow passenger?
Answer:
The narrator of the story “The Eyes Have It” is a blind man who makes guesswork so as to identify the fellow passenger in the train. The man had the compartment to himself alone up to Rohana. Then a girl go into it. There was a couple who saw her off might be her parents. These elderly people were very anxious about her comfort and the woman gave the girl detailed instructions as to where to keep her things, when not to learn out of windows and how to avoid speaking to strangers. They said them goodbye and the train was set to motion. As he was completely blind, at that time his eyes were sensitive only to light and darkness, he was unable to tell what the girl looked like. But he sensed that she had worn sleepers from the way they slapped against her heels. It would take him some time to discover something about her looks and perhaps he never would. But he liked the sound of her voice and even the sound of her slippers. From this, the man guessed that one who was travelling in the same compartment was a girl.

Question 2.
When does he get a surprise and what is it?
Answer:
However, the blind man wondered if he would be able to prevent her from discovering that he was blind provided he kept his seat, it shouldn’t be difficult. The girl said that she was bound for Shaharanpur where her aunt would be waiting for her. The man replied that he had better not get too familiar. He also added that aunts are usually formidable creatures. She also asked him where he was going. And his reply was that he would go to Dehra and then to Mussoorie. She said that Mussoorie is a wonderful place she loved the hills especially in October. He seconded her opinion. He wondered if his words had touched her or whether she thought him to be a romantic fool. Of course, he then made a mistake asking another question to her. He asked, “What is it like outside”? But found nothing strange in the question.

“Had she noticed already that he could not see ?” He thought to himself. But she advised him to look outside and he confirmed about his quarry as to what it was like outside. He moved easily along the berth and felt for the window lodge. The window was open and he faced it, making a pretence of studying the landscape. He heard the roaring sound of engine, the rumble of the wheels and in his mind’s eye, he could see telegraph posts flashing by. He said whether she had noticed that the trees seemed to be moving while they seemed to be standing still. She replied that it is quite usual. She asked whether there were no animals. He said, it confidently because he knew that there were scarcely any animals left in the forests near Dehra. He then turned from the girl and said to the girl, “You have an interesting face”. He knew that few girls can resist flattery. She laughed pleasantly and said, “It’s nice to be told I have an interesting face.” I’m tired of people telling me I have a pretty face”. He replied, c“well, art interesting face can also be pretty.”

The girl became enchanted by the remarks given by the man and said, “You are a very gallant young man, but why are you so serious ?” Her voice seemed to be a mountain stream. The train came to a halt and the girl gathered her things to leave. The girl to him, so close that the perfume from her hair was tantalizing. He wanted to raise my hand and touch her hair but she moved away. In fact, all the above things gave a surprise to the narrator of the story.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Vocabulary:

A. Use the following words first as nouns and then as verbs in sentences of your own.
couple, pull, remark, look, slap, voice, sound, wonder, wish, call.
Answer:
couple :
(N) This couple is very kind and helpful.
(V) His simplicity is coupled with good manners
pull :
(N) He succeeded a mist pushes and pulls.
(V) He pulled the door to enter into the room.
remark:
(N) He always gives good remarks about others.
(V) He always remarks badly
look:
(N) Let us have a look to the patient in the hospital
(V) She looks very beautiful today.
slap:
(N) The master gave a slap to the servant for his fault.
(V) The man slapped his naughty child as he was not going to school
voice:
(N) I like her sweet voice.
(V) We should voice against injustice.
sound:
(N) I can’t read in high-pitched sound.
(V) Empty vessel sounds much.
wonder:
(N) It is a great wonder that a failed student secures first division after hard labour.
(V) He wondered lest f should not come.
wish:
(N) The man had the only wish that his son would be a doctor.
(V) I wish you all success in your life.
call:
(N) He attended a STD call.
(V) I call him for help call

Grammar:
Supply question tags to the following statements.
1. There is no easy way out.
2. He is a clever boy.
3. He usually visited us during summer.
4. He did not remember to take his umbrella.
5. She hardly goes out these days.
6. I am late today.
7. Neither of your brothers answered it properly.
8. The boys made a lot of noise.
9. We have dinner at 8 p.m.
10. Let us have some fun.
11. None of the boys knew it.
12. Everybody can do it.
13. Please pass on the plate.
14. We must not be late today.
15. Be careful when you cross a busy road.
16. Use your common sense.
17. Remember to attend the meeting.
Answer:
1. There is no easy way out, is there?
2. He is a clever boy, isn’t he?
3. He usually visited us during summer, didn’t he?
4. He did not remember to take his umbrella, did he?
5. She hardly goes out these days, does she?
6. I am late today, aren’t I?
7. Neither of your brothers answered it properly, did they?
8. The boys made a lot of noise, didn’t they?
9. We have dinner at.8 p.m., don’t we?
10. Let us have some fun, shall we?
11. None of the boys knew it, did they?
12. Everybody can do it, can’t they?
13. Please pass on the plate, will you?
14. We must not be late today, must we?
15. Be careful when you cross a busy road, will you?
16. Use your common sense, will you?
17. Remember to attend the meeting, will you?

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Section – II

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
In which line of this section do you get an idea about the young man’s blindness?
Answer:
The line, “can you tell me- did she keep her hair long or short ?” of this section provides an idea about the young man’s blindness.

Question 2.
What was the young man doing when the new traveller entered the compartment? What was the observation of the new traveller on the situation?
Answer:
There was a disturbance in the doorway. He returned to his berth and sat in front of the window staring into the daylight when the new traveller entered the Compartment. He observed that the young man and the girl had a romantic affair.

Question 3.
When does the narrator discover that the girl was also blind?
Answer:
When the narrator asked the new fellow traveller as to whether the girl had kept her hair long or short, the man replied that nothing about the hair but one thing he was sure that she was completely blind. Then he knew that the girl was blind.

Question 4.
What impression do you form about the young man in the story?
Answer:
The young man in the story was a blind man who possessed a romantic heart. He did not wish to expose that he was blind. He thought that the young girl was a beautiful dame with bright eyes.

Question 5.
Do you find the same romantic spirit in this section of the story as in the first section? Or has the tone become serious?
Answer:
Of course, the romantic spirit of the first section was much more rigorous than the romantic spirit what prevail in this section. The tone and temper of these two sections also changes. Here, in this section, the romantic tone becomes serious when the young man discovers that the girl is also blind.

Question 6.
Does Bond present a painful world of blindness and suffering ? Or is it a word of beauty and romance woven around a short meeting between the two blind travellers? Give reasons for your answers.
Answer:
Bond presents a world of beauty and romance women around a short meeting between the two blind travellers. The young man as the narrator of the story expresses his loving and romantic words for the blind girl when he takes for granted to have eyes. The girl in turn, reciprocates him in feeling. Thus, a romantic world spins around the meeting of the two blind souls.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Questions For Composition:

Question 1.
Give an account of the progress of the story from an interesting meeting to a surprise ending.
Answer:
The present story “The Eyes have It” is undoubtedly, the masterpiece of Ruskin Bond, an eminent and outstanding storyteller. The story extracted from Bond’s collection “Delhi is not far” transports us from a world of painful awareness of the misfortune and suffering due to blindness to a world of blindness and romance is evident in the brief conversation between the two blind travellers. However, Bond presents a progress from an interesting meeting to a surprise ending. The section-I of the story tells that the narrator is blind and the section II ensures that the girl is also blind. This shift in situation marks the specialty of the story.

The story starts with the narrator’s travelling on a train to which a girl gets into. She seems to have come with a couple of elderly person who are thought of to be her parents. They give her a set of instructions to follow while travelling on the train. The girl does not know that the man is blind nor does the man know that the girl is so. There broods over a suspense throughout the fellow travellers exchange loving and romantic words in the compartment. The young man says, “You have an interesting face” and she says to the man, “You are a very gajlant young man.” The man wishes to touch her hair when she stands close to him before she gets ready to get down.

However, this situation takes a different turn with the appearance of another man in the same compartment when the narrator asked whether the girl had long or short hair. He replies that he is not sure of her hair but one thing he is sure that she is blind. This marks a change in mode and tone of the story. Moreover, the story shifts from a romantic to that a serious situation. The ending is marked with surprise. It is unexpected, that the girl is also blind. As a matter of fact, Bond’s presentation of the story from an interesting meeting to a surprise ending as superb and fantastic. The way Bond has coordinated section-I with that of section II is really tremendous inspiring; and elevating. On the whole, Bond is at his best in this presentation.

Question 2.
Would you regard “The Eyes Have ‘ It” as an appropriate title to the story? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
In fact, the story “The Eyes Have It”-Is written by Ruskin Bond, a prominent and most popular story teller. The present story is extracted from Bond’s collections of stories “Delhi is not far”. On the whole, Bond is an outstanding master in providing apt and suggestive titles to his stories. It is true that a colourful and attractive signboard automatically drags the attention of the customers to a shop. Similarly, an apt and suggestive title also makes the reader spellbound to read a story, novel and drama. However, Bond realises this naked truth in his heart of hearts. A title should be concise, precise and pinpointed. Just like a good signboard speaks out the contents of a shop at the first sight. Likewise, a title of any work of art should also speak volumes of the ideas contained therein.

However, the whole story and its labyrinth centres round the eyes. The young man’ who happens to be the narrator of the story is designed to be a blind man. A girl enters to the same compartment with whom he exchanges loving and romantic words. They get themselves involved in the talks about nature and natural places. They converse about Mussoorie and other places of natural beauties. The man, however, is not willing to express that he is blind. He maintains this secret until the end of the story. He goes on giving evasive replies to the girl who is not able to get a speak of information as to the former’s blindness. She gets down in her destination where a new fellow traveller gets in and he asked whether the girl has kept long or short hair.

The co-traveller says that he is not aware of her hair, but one thing he has been sure of is her eyes. She is blind. As a matter of fact, the title of the story is apt and suggestive. Because, the story is well concerned with the eyes that the two blind men and the girl did not have. They don’t have eyes and yet they don’t know whether the other possesses any eyes. In this sense the title of the story “The Eyes have It” is exact, appropriate and suitable. On the whole, Bond has well-coordinated the section- I and section-II by making a connection of cemented concrete through this elevating, heart-rendering title.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Question 3.
Write a conversation between the two blind travellers.
Answer:
In fact, Ruskin Bond is a superb and excellent story teller in presenting very practical dialogues in his story, “The Eyes Have It”. The dialogues between the blind travellers are really very realistic, and provocative. They are tinged with a considerable suspense. The blind travellers are not able to know each other to be blind so long as they are in the compartment. Bond has beautifully explicated us from a world of painful awareness of the misfortune and suffering due to blindness to a world of beauty and romance as evident in the brief conversation between the two blind travellers.

The first dialogue is opened by the narrator who asks “Are you going all the way to Dehra ?” The girl has not seen the man sitting in the dark corner. But the most interesting dialogues continue between them when they speak out their romantic words. The girl says,” I wish I were going to Mussoorie. I love the hills. Especially in October.” In the course of their conversation the man says, “You have an interesting face.” This statement fills her with pleasure and she gets inflated and elated. She also reciprocates him telling, “You are a very gallant young man.” These dialogues remind one of love and romance. The two persons only exchange loving and romantic words for each other.

In fact, the exchanges of dialogues in the story makes it entirely dramatic. Actually, dialogues in the story provide a strong sustenance which gives a powerful fillip to the work of art. Dialogues reveal the dare comer of their heart. The story writer is really very realistic on this regard. On the whole, the dramatic style as adopted by Bond here, is extraordinarily marvellous and heart-touching.

Question 4.
Critically examine the atmosphere in the story.
Answer:
Actually, the story “The Eyes Have It” is of course, one of the most typical masterpiece of Ruskin Bond, a popular and outstanding story teller. Bond has been the most beloved of Indian writers whose works have been mostly on Indian life and setting. A graphic picturesque portrait of nature with her varied colours, sights and sounds adds to the poetic beauty and charm of his fictional world. The stories delineate the intimate moments of the life of characters and their psychic responses in a dramatic manner. Like dialogue, the atmosphere is another important ingredient of this story, “The Eyes Have It”. The atmosphere is one of suspense and surprise.

The story extracted from Bond’s collection of “Delhi is not far”, transports the readers from a world of painful awareness of the misfortune and suffering due to blindness to a world of beauty and romance, as evident in the brief conversation between the two blind travellers. But the departure of the girl brings an end to the delightful world of sensuous appreciation. More pathetic is the final revelation about the girl which might be a shock to the romantic inquisitor and might have” razed his romantic mansion to the ground.

Bond very cunningly and evasively maintains the suspense, making the story amusing and comic. In addition to the emotional and psychic contents of the story, it derives its charm from its poetic descriptions of the beautiful Mussoorie and the sonorous effects of the; trains rumble on the rails and more so of the narrator’s exhilarating moments with the girl. What is striking is that the story is not marked by criticism or morbidity on account of the deprivation of sight, but rather celebrates on that account, a strong desire to participate, in the process of life. The elements of irony and pathos make the story a memorable one in spite of its simple plot.

As a matter of fact, the atmosphere of the story is romantic and gay. On the other hand, it bears a lot of suspense from the beginning of the story to the end of it. Both the blind travellers on the train do not know that they are blind each but they .go on hiding from each other about it. On the whole, Bond is an outstanding master in setting the atmosphere of the story in a most attractive manner The young man who is the narrator of the story is a blind man and the girl who gets into the same compartment where he is travelling is also blind and again she comes to exactly the same compartment where the narrator is alone, of course, realistic, but they indicate the superb and fantastic setting of atmosphere of the storyteller. In short, Bond is at his best in setting the story suspensively.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Grammar:
A. Supply question tag to the following:
1. He was driving two too fast.
2. The train has not left.
3. He hardly likes his job.
4. There are some mangoes in my bags.
5. She does not know what I want.
6. None of the girls like the show.
7. A large number of tourists are expected this year.
8. Let us go now.
9. He hardly goes out.
10. There is little milk in the glass.
11. Everybody will attend the meeting,
12. You aren’t afraid of a dog.
13. They can read English.
14. That was my friend on phone.
15. His mother is very proud of him.
16. Switch off the light before going to bed.
17. We must meet him today.
18. You take curd after your meal.
19. Your formula never works well.
20. It is cold today.
21. Mr, Mohanty is our principal.
22. Post the letter.
23. Have a cup of tea.
24. Stop talking.
25. Everyone knew the answer.
26. Few students are present in the class.
27. A little milk is left in the cup.
28. Little milk is left in the cup.
29. He hardly came here last month.
30. She scarcely sings.
31. Don’t laugh loudly.
32. Shut the door.
33. Transfer the salt please.
34. He did it well.
35. She reads well.

B. Supply prepositions to the following blanks:
1. Today he is absent _________ school.
2. A stick abstains him _________wire.
3. He can’t account __________ his mistake.
4. His father was accused __________theft.
5. He is not accustomed __________.
6. They are not acquainted ___________.
7. We were not adapted ___________.
8. He is addicted ___________drugs.
9. We must adhere _____________ some basic principles.
10. I have a great admiration __________ Subash Bose.
11. He is generous and affable ___________ neighbours.
12. His affection _________ children knows no bound.
13. Our principal didn’t approve __________our proposal.
14. He has no-aptitude __________ mathematics.
15. He is ashamed __________ his own misconduct.
16. He atoned __________his own sins.
17. Such a book has no attraction__________me.
18. He was not aware __________ such a danger.
19. He is not averse _________ hard work.
20. Poverty is not a bar __________ success.
21. This cycle belongs __________ Mohan.
22. Be ware ____________ dog.
23. He called _________ me yesterday.
24. He is clever __________ making plans.
25. Kalidasa was contemporary _____________ Vikramaditya.
26. The enquiry committee consists ___________ fifteen members.
27. A man who is connected ____________ his life is a happy man.
28. A woman’s work was never confined ____________ kitchen in the past.
29. The judge is convinced ___________ his attention.
30. The craze __________ pop will not last long.
31. There is no cure A.I.D.S.
32 The demand ___________ low cost car is going up.
33. He is devoted ___________ his work.
34. The Chinese differ ___________ Indians in many ways.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It
Answer:
A. Question tags are supplied as per the following:
1. Her was driving too fast, wasn’t he?
2. The train has not left, has it?
3. He hardly likes his job, does he?
4. There are some mangoes in my bag, aren’t there?
5. She does not know what I want, does she?
6. None of the girls like the shows, did they?
7. A large number of tourists are expected this year, aren’t they?
8. Let us go now, shall we?
9. He hardly goes out, does he?
10. There is little milk in the glass, is there?
11. Everybody will attend the meeting, weren’t they?
12. You are not afraid of a dog, are you?
13. They can read English, can’t they?
14. That was my friend on phone, wasn’t that?
15. His mother is very proud of him, isn’t she?
16. Switch off the light before going to bed, will you?
17. We must meet him today, must not we?
18. You take curd after your meal, don’t you?
19. Your formula never works well, does it?
20. It is cold today, isn’t it?
21. Mr. Mohanty is our Principal, isn’t he?
22. Post the letter, will you?
23. Have a cup of tea, will you?
24. Stop talking, will you?
25. Everyone knew the answer, didn’t they?
26. Few students are present in the class, are they?
27. A little milk is left in the cup, isn’t it?
28. Little milk is left in the cup, is it?
29. He hardly came here last month, does he?
30. She scarcely sings, does she?
31. Don’t laugh loudly, will you?
32. Shut the door, will you?
33. Transfer the salt please, will you?
34. He did it well, didn’t he?
35. She reads well, doesn’t she?

B. Preposition are supplied to the given blanks.
1. Today he is absent from school.
2. A stoic abstains him from wire.
3. He can’t account for his mistake.
4. His father was accused of theft:
5. He is not accustomed to such surrounding.
6. They are not acquainted with Chinese food.
7. We were not adapted to the life of a desert.
8. He is addicted to drugs.
9. We must adhere to sorpe basicprinciples.
10. I have a great admiration for Subash Bose.
11. He is generous and “affable to neighbours.
12. His affection for children knows no bound.
13. Our Principal didn’t approve of our proposal.
14. He has no aptitude for mathematics.
15. He is ashamed of his own misconduct.
16. He atoned for his own sins.
17. Such a book has no attraction for me.
18. He was not aware of such a danger.
19. He is not averse to hard work.
20. Poverty is not a bar to success.
21. This cycle belongs to Mohan.
22. Beware of dog.
23. He called for me yesterday.
24. He is clever at making plans.
25. Kalidasa was contemporary of Vikramaditya.
26. The Enquiry Committee consists of fifteen members.
27. A man who is connected with his life is a happy man.
28. A woman work was never confined to kitchen in the past.
29. Content always conduces to happiness.
30. The judge is convinced of his attention.
31. The craze for pop will not last long.
32. There is no cure for A.I.D.S.
33. The demand of low cost car is going up.
34. He is devoted with his work.
35. The Chinese differ from Indians in many ways.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Section-I

pre-reading Activity:
Have you ever come in close contact with a blind or listened to him or her? Have you noticed anything special about blind people? You might have noticed that they try to make up for their loss of sight by using their imagination.

Focusing Question:
Here is an interesting story narrated by a blind man who uses his imagination very well. As you read the story, try to find answers to these questions :
(i) How does the narrator make guesses about the fellow passenger
(ii) When does he get a surprise and what is it?

Gist:
paragraph: 1-11
The narrator had a train journey up to Rohana. He was in his train compartment. At that time, a girl got into that compartment. Of course, her parents saw her off outside. The woman gave the girl a vivid instructions about how to travel and how to behave with strangers, The narrator was entirely blind and so he was not capable of saying how the girl looked like. However, he liked her voice and the sound of her slippers. She said that she would be getting off at Saharanpur. Her aunt was awaiting her there. She wanted to know where the narrator was going. So he answered that he was going to Dehra and then to Mussoorie. The girl exclaimed that she loved the hills there in October when the hills are covered with dahlias the sun is delicious. Tourists came in large numbers. The roads were quiet and almost deserted.

Paragraph: 12-30
The girl remained silent. He asked her what it was outside. But she replied him that he should look outside to know it. He asked her again whether she had noticed that the trees seem to be moving while one keeps standing still. She answered that it always happens. He said that she had an interesting face. She replied that it was nice to be called her having an interesting face. He had been fed up with the expression ‘penalty face’. She called him a gallant young man. All of a sudden her station arrived and she got up together her things. The girl said him goodbye and went away. He wished to touch her hair but as soon as he had done that, she disappeared and the perfume, ‘from hair still lingered where she stood.

Analytical outlines:

  • The narrator had a train journey up to Rohana.
  • He was in his train compartment.
  • At that time, a girl got into it.
  • Of course, her parents, saw her off outside.
  • The woman gave her a vivid instruction about how to travel.
  • The woman also told her about how to behave with strangers.
  • The narrator was entirely blind.
  • So he was not capable of saying about her beauty.
  • However, he liked her voice.
  • He also liked the sound of her slippers
  • She said that she would be getting off at Saharanpur.
  • Her aunt was waiting her there.
  • She wanted to know where he was going.
  • So he answered that he was going to Dehra.
  • He also told that he would go to Mussoorie then.
  • The girl exclaimed that she loved the hills there in October.
  • Because, the hill was covered with dahlias then.
  • At that time, the sun is delicious.
  • Tourists came there in large numbers.
  • Of course, the roads were quiet and deserted.
  • Then, the girl remained silent.
  • He asked her what ‘it was outside.
  • But she replied that he should look outside to know about it.
  • He asked her again whether she had noticed that the trees “seem to be moving while one keeps standing still.
  • She answered that it always happens.
  • He said that she had an interesting face.
  • She replied that it was nice to be called her having an interesting face
  • He had been fed up with the expression ‘penalty face’.
  • She called him a gallant young man.
  • Suddenly, her station reached.
  • She got up together her things.
  • The girl said him goodbye.
  • Then she got down and went away.
  • He wanted to touch her hair.
  • As soon as he had done that, she disappeared.
  • Her perfume from hair still lingered where she stood.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Meaning of difficult words:
formidable – avoidable, difficult to deal with.
ledge – a raised edge, sharp edge.
nimble – a heavy rolling noise.
gallant – brave, noble, courageous.
bun – a rounded mass of hair.
plaited – intertwined
tantalize – movement by presenting something., to excite desire but keep it out of reach.

Section- II

Gist
Paragraph-31
There was some disturbance in the doorway. Aman was getting into the compartment. He stammered an apology. Then the door banged. It was shut out again. The narrator returned to his berth. The guard blew his whistle and the train moved. Gradually, the train gathered speed, the wheels took up their songs, the carriage groaned and shook. He found the window and sat in front of it staring into the low light that was darkness for him. So many things were happening outside the window. The man who had entered the compartment broke into his reverie that is a kind of daydream about pleasant things or events. He said standingly that he must be disappointed because he was not nearly as attractive a travelling companion as the one who then left. The narrator replied that she was an interesting girl, continued if he could say whether the girl kept her hair long or short. The new companion replied that he was his eyes not hair. Her eyes were very beautiful, but they were of no use of her. The girl was completely blind.

Analytical outlines:

  • There was some disturbance in the doorway.
  • A man was getting into the compartment.
  • He stammered an apology.
  • Then the door banged.
  • It was shut out again.
  • The narrator returned to his berth.
  • The guard blew his whistle.
  • Then the train moved.
  • Gradually, the train gathered speed.
  • The wheels took up their songs.
  • The carriage groaned and shook.
  • He found the window.
  • He sat in front of it.
  • He stared into the low light.
  • It was nothing but darkness for him.
  • So many things were happening outside the window.
  • The man already entered into the compartment
  • He broke into his reverie.
  • Reverie refers to a kind of daydream about pleasant things or events.
  • He said something slantingly.
  • He must be disappointed.
  • Because, he was not nearly an attractive travelling companion.
  • The one who left was much more better.
  • The narrator replied that she was an ’ interesting girl.
  • He also said about her hair whether long or short.
  • The new companion replied that he was his eyes not hair.
  • Her eyes were very beautiful.
  • But they were of no use to her.
  • Actually, the girl was completely blind.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Eyes Have It

Meaning of difficult words:
confusion – disturbance
Stammer – to speak slantingly
apology – excuse, pardon
banged – shut with a loud noise
berth – sleeping place of the train.
grown – to utter a deep moan
shook – trembled, quivered.
reverie – a daydream about pleasant things or events.
slantingly – obliquely, here in a low voice.
companion – friend, partner.

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ will enable students to study smartly.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

→ ଉପକ୍ରମ (Introduction) :

  • ଦୈନନ୍ଦିନ ଜୀବନରେ କେତେଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ଘଟଣା ଘଟିଥାଏ, ଯେଉଁଥରେ ମୂଳପଦାର୍ଥର ପ୍ରକୃତି ଓ ନିଜସ୍ଵ ସଭାରେ କିଛି ହେଲେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଥାଏ । ଆମ ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଘଟୁଥ‌ିବା ଏହି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନଗୁଡ଼ିକର କେତେକ ଉଦାହରଣ ନିମ୍ନରେ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଗଲା ।
  • ଖରାଦିନେ କ୍ଷୀରକୁ ସାଧାରଣ ତାପମାତ୍ରାରେ ରଦେଲେ, ତାହା ଛିଣ୍ଡିଯାଇ ଛେନାରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ଲୁହା ନିର୍ମିତ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ବାୟୁରେ ପଡ଼ି ରହିଲେ କଳଙ୍କି ଲାଗିଯାଏ; ଫଳରେ ପଦାର୍ଥର କ୍ଷୟ ଘଟିଥାଏ । ଅଙ୍ଗୁର ଅତ୍ମକ ଦିନ ଘରେ ରହିଲେ ପଚିଯାଏ ।
  • ଆମେ ଖାଉଥ‌ିବା ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପାକସ୍ଥଳୀରେ ହଜମ ହୋଇ ସରଳ ଖାଦ୍ୟସାରରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ଶ୍ଵାସକ୍ରିୟା ବେଳେ ଆମେ ପ୍ରଶ୍ଵାସରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁ ଓ ନିଃଶ୍ଵାସରେ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରୁ । ଏ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ମୂଳ ପଦାର୍ଥର ପ୍ରକୃତି ଓ ନିଜସ୍ଵ ସତ୍ତାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଥାଏ ।
  • ଏଥୁରୁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଅନୁମେୟ ଯେ, ପଦାର୍ଥର ପ୍ରକୃତି ନିଜସ୍ଵ ସଭାର କୌଣସି ନା କୌଣସି ସମୟରେ କିଛି କିଛି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଥାଏ ।
  • ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକଙ୍କର ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ କେତେକଙ୍କର ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ପୂର୍ବ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ବସ୍ତୁର ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଓ ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍‌ ରାସାୟନିକ ଏବଂ ଭୌତିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ବିଷୟରେ ଅବଗତ । ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ କେତେକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ବିଷୟରେ ଅବଗତ ହେବା ।
  • ଏହି ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଓ ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନକୁ ଭୌତିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କହନ୍ତି । ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଲେ ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିଥାଏ ।

→ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Chemical Reaction) :

  • ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଲେ ତା’କୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।
    ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ଧର୍ମ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ନୂତନ ପଦାର୍ଥ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ତାହାକୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ
  • ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଭାଗ ନେଉଥ‌ିବା ପଦାର୍ଥକୁ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ କୁହାଯାଏ ଓ ଏହା ଯୋଗୁଁ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ପଦାର୍ଥକୁ ଉତ୍ପାଦ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଉଦାହରଣ : ଜିଙ୍କ ଧାତୁ ଲଘୁ ଗନ୍ଧକାମ୍ଳ ଅମ୍ଳ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟି ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ସଲଫେଟ୍ ଓ ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ ଗ୍ୟାସ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ଏଠାରେ ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ଓ ଗନ୍ଧକାମ୍ଳ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ସଲଫେଟ୍ ଓ ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ ଗ୍ୟାସ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣରୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କିପରି ଘଟେ ଆସ ଜାଣିବା :

→ ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ (Chemical change) :
ଆମ ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଘଟୁଥିବା ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କଲେ ଜଣାଯାଏ ଯେ, ଏ ମସ୍ତ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟି ନୂତନ ପଦାର୍ଥମାନ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ନିମ୍ନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଘଟିଥାଏ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଲା! –
(a) ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ (Change of State)
(b) ରଇଂର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ (Change of Colour)
(c) ଖ୍ୟାସ୍‌ର ନିର୍ଗମନ (Evolution of gas)
(d) ତାପମାତ୍ରାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ (Change of temperature)
(e) ଅବକ୍ଷେପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି (Formation of Precipitate)

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

ଉଦାହରଣ :
କାଠ ଜଳି ଧୂଆଁ ଓ ପାଉଁଶ ହେବା, ଲୁହାରେ କଳଙ୍କି ଲାଗିବା, କ୍ଷୀର ଦହିରେ ପରିଣତ ହେବା । ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ।

→ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ (Chemical Equations) :

  • ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଡ୍‌ପସ୍ଥାପନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ଭକ୍ତିକ୍ତ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମ1ଜଗଣ କହନ୍ତି
    ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣଦ୍ବାରା ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଟି ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଲେଖୁଲେ ଏହା ଦୀର୍ଘ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ତେଣୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଓ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ରୂପରେ ଲେଖୁ ପାଇଁ ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।
  • ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ପାତକୁ ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ୍ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ଜାଳିଲେ ତାହା ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍‌ରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ
  • ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଓ ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ୍‌ର ଦହନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-1
  • ଏ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଓ ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ୍ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟୁଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଏହାକୁ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ (Reactants) କୁହାଯାଏ । ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ନୂତନ ପଦାର୍ଥରୂପେ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ ତାହାକୁ ଉତ୍ପାଦ (Product) କୁହାଯାଏ ।

→ ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣ ଲେଖାର| ନିୟମ (Rules of Writing Word Equation) :

  • ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣରେ ପ୍ରତିକାରକଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାମପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ (L.H.S.) ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦକ୍ଷିଣପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ (R.H.S.) ଲେଖାଯାଏ ।
  • ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଏକ ତୀର (→) ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ତୀରଟି ବାମରୁ ଦକ୍ଷିଣକୁ ହୋଇଥା ଏବଂ ଏହା ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ଦିଗ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ କରିଥାଏ।
  • ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଏକାଧ‌ିକ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଏକାଧିକ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ଥିଲେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଯୁକ୍ତ (+) ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ ।

→ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ ଲେଖୁବା ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ (Writing a Chemical Equation) :

  • ‘ଶବ୍ଦ ବଦଳରେ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ରାସାୟନିକ ସଂକେତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣକୁ ଲେଖୁ ସମୀକରଣଟି ଅଧ୍ଵ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ, ତଥ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ହୋଇପାରିବ ।
  • ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ ଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଏ ।
  • ବାମ ପାର୍ଶ୍ବ (ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵ) ଓ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵ (ଉତ୍ପାଦ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ) ର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ସମାନ ନ ରହିଲେ ଏହାକୁ ଅସମତୁଲ ସମୀକରଣ (Unbalanced equation) କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହାର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵର ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ସମାନ ନ ଥାଏ ।
  • ଅସମତୁଲ ସମୀକରଣ କେବଳ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦର ସୂଚନା ଦେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଏହାକୁ ସୂଚକୀୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ (Skeletal Chemical equation) କରାଯାଏ |

ଉଦାହରଣ :
ବାୟୁ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ପାତର ଦହନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ସୂଚକୀୟବ ଅସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
Mg + 02 → MgO
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-2

→ ସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମ1ଜଟଣ (Balanced Chemical Equations) :

  • ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ ନିୟମ (Law of conservation of mass) ଅନୁସାରେ, କୌଣସି ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵର ସୃଷ୍ଟି କିମ୍ବା ବିନାଶ ଘଟେ ନାହିଁ । ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ କୌଣସି ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଉତ୍ପାଦରେ ଥୁବା ମୌଳିକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ମୋଟ ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ପ୍ରତିକାରକରେ ଥ‌ିବା ମୌଳିକ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ମୋଟ ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ସହିତ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ସମାନ ରହିବ ।
  • ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରକାରରେ କହିଲେ, ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଂଖ୍ୟା, ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପରେ ସମାନ ରହିବ।
  • ତେଣୁ ଆମକୁ ସୂଚକୀୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ (Skeletal Chemical equation)କୁ ସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣରେ ପରିଣତ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ ।
  • ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସମାନ ରହିଥାଏ, ତାକୁ ସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

→ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣକୁ ସମତୁଲ କରିବା ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ :

  • ଜିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସହିତ ସଲଫ୍ୟୁରିକ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରୁ ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ସଲଫେଟ୍ ଏବଂ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
  • ଜିଙ୍କ୍ + ସଲଫ୍ୟୁରିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ → ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ସଲଫେଟ୍ + ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍
    Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
  • ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ତୀର ଚିହ୍ନର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା କଳନା କରି ନିମ୍ନରେ ଏକ ସାରଣୀ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଗଲା ।
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-3
  • ଏହି ସାରଣୀକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକଲେ ଜଣାଯାଏ ଯେ, ତୀର ଚିହ୍ନର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସମାନ ଅଛି । ତେଣୁ ଏହା ଏକ ସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ ଅଟେ ।

→ ଅସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣକୁ ସମତୁଲ କରିବା ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ :
ପରଗ ନିରେଖ ପଦ୍ଧତି :
ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ ଲୁହା ଉପରେ ଜଳୀୟବାଷ୍ପ ପ୍ରବାହିତ କଲେ ଲୌହ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଓ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଶବ୍ଦ ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
ଲୁହା ଜଳ1ପ୍ରଚାଷ୍ଟ → ଲୌହ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ + ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍
ଏହି ଶବ୍ଦ-ସମୀକରଣକୁ ପ୍ରତୀକ ଓ ସଂକେତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଲେଖୁଲେ ହେବ :
Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2

ସୋପାନ – 1 :
ଏହି ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣକୁ ସମତୁଲ କରିବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସଂକେତର ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ବାକ୍ସ ଅଙ୍କନ କରାଯାଉ । ସମତୁଲ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ବାକ୍ସ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ ଉପାଦାନଗୁଡ଼ିକର କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିବା ନାହିଁ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-4

ସୋପାନ – 2 :
ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାର ଏକ ତାଲିକା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଉ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-5

ସୋପାନ – 3 :

  • ସାଧାରଣତଃ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ କିମ୍ବା ଉତ୍ପାଦରେ ଯେଉଁ ଯୌଗିକରେ ସର୍ବାଧ‌ିକ ସଂଖ୍ୟକ ପରମାଣୁ ଥାଏ, ସେହି ଯୌଗିକର ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ସମତୁଲ କରିବା ସୁବିଧାଜନକ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ଏହି ପଦ୍ଧତି ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରି ଯୌଗିକ Fe3O4 ରେ ମୌଳିକ ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ (O)କୁ ବାଛିବା ।
  • ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଚାରୋଟି ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ ପରମାଣୁ ଓ ବାମପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ ପରମାଣୁ ଅଛି । ତେଣୁ ବାମପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ H2Oକୁ 4 ଦ୍ବାରା ଗୁଣାଯାଏ । ଅକ୍ସିଜେନ ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମତୁଲ କରିବାକୁ :
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-6
  • ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଆଂଶିକ ଭାବରେ ସମତୁଲ ହୋଇଥିବା ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-7

ସୋପାନ -4 :

  • ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସୁଦ୍ଧା Fe ଓ H ର ପରମାଣୁ ସମତୁଲ ହୋଇପାରି ନାହିଁ । ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ମୌଳିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଯେ କୌଣସି ଗୋଟିଏକୁ ବାଛି ସମତୁଲ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଆଗେଇ ନେବାକୁ ହେବ ।
  • H ପରମାଣୁକୁ ତୀର ଚିହ୍ନର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ସମାନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ, ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଥ‌ିବା H, ଅଣୁକୁ4 ଦ୍ଵାରା ଗୁଣନ କରାଯାଉ ।
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-8
  • ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-9

ସୋପାନ- 5 :

  • ତୃତୀୟ ମୌଳିକ Fe ଏ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସମତୁଲ ହୋଇନାହିଁ ।
  • Fe କୁ ସମାନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଆମେ ତିନୋଟି Fe ପରମାଣୁ ବାମପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ ନେବା । ତେଣୁ ବାମପାର୍ଶ୍ଵର Feକୁ 3 ଦ୍ଵାରା ଗୁଣାଯାଉ ।
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-10
  • ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମତୁଲ ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ :
    BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-11

ସୋପାନ- 6 :
(i) ସମୀକରଣର ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ମୌଳିକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ସମାନ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ତେଣୁ ସମୀକରଣଟି ସମତୁଲ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ବାକ୍ସଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଉଠାଇଦେଲେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ସମତୁଲ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ ମିଳିବ :
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

(ii) ସମୀକରଣକୁ ସମତୁଲ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସୋପାନରେ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ମୌଳିକର ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ଉଭୟ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ସମାନ କରାଯାଉ । ସମତୁଲ କରିବାର ଏହି ପଦ୍ଧତିକୁ ପରଖ-ନିରେଖ (Hit and Trial) ପଦ୍ଧତି କୁହାଯାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

ସୋପାନ – 7 :
→ ଭୌତିକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତୀକର ସୂଚନା (Writing Symbols of Physical States) :

  • ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣକୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ତଥ୍ୟମୂଳକ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ସଂକେତ ଲେଖାଯିବା ସହିତ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଭୌତିକ ଅବସ୍ଥାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଏ ।
  • ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଗ୍ୟାସୀୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଇଁ (g), ତରଳ ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଇଁ (I), କଠିନ ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଇଁ (s) ଓ ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣ ପାଇଁ (aq) ସଂକେତ ଦ୍ୱାରା ସୂଚାଇ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।
  • ଯଦି ପ୍ରତିକାରକ କିମ୍ବା ଉତ୍ପାଦ ଜଳରେ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତେବେ ସେହି ଦ୍ରବଣ ପାଇଁ ଆକ୍‌ସ୍ (aqueous, aq) ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।
    ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଓ ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଭୌତିକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଦର୍ଶାଯାଇ ସମତୁଲ ସମୀକରଣଟି ହେବ ।
    3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
  • ବେଳେବେଳେ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ସମ୍ପାଦନ ପାଇଁ ତାପ, ଚାପ, ଉତ୍ପ୍ରେରକ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଭଳି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ସର୍ଭଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମୀକରଣ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ ତୀର ଚିହ୍ନ ଉପରେ କିମ୍ବା ତଳେ ଦର୍ଶାଯାଇଥାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ ସ୍ଵରୂପ :
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-12

→ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Types of Chemical Reactions):
ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ପ୍ରତିକାରକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ବନ୍ଧଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଉତ୍ପାଦର ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନୂତନ ବନ୍ଧ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ରାସାୟନିକ ବନ୍ଧକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିବାରେ ଶକ୍ତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏଥିରେ ଶକ୍ତିରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଥାଏ ।
ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ଶକ୍ତି ନିର୍ଗତ କିମ୍ବା ଶୋଷିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଶକ୍ତି, ଚାପ, ତାପ, ଆଲୋକ, ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ଶକ୍ତି ଯୋଗାଇ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ ।
ବିଭିନ୍ନ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଲା :
(A) ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Combination Reaction)
(B) ରିଘଗନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରପ୍ରା (Decomposition Reaction)
(C) ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରସ୍ରା (Displacement Reaction)
(D) ଦ୍ୱେତ ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକୃପ୍ରା (Double Displacement Reaction)

→ (A) ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Combination of Reaction):
ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଦୁଇ ବା ଅଧ୍ବକ ମୌଳିକ କିମ୍ବା ଯୌଗିକ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାତ୍ର ଯୌଗିକ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ, ସେହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।

→ ତାପ ଉତ୍ପାଦୀ ବା ତାପ ଉତ୍ପାଦକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Exothermic Chemical Reaction) :
ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହେବା ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ତାପ ନିର୍ଗତ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ତାପ ଉତ୍ପାଦୀ ବା ତାପ ଉତ୍ପାଦକ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଡ୍‌ତାହରଣ :
(i) କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍‌ ଜଳ ସହିତ ତୀବ୍ର ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟି ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣର ତାପ ନିର୍ଗତ ହେବା ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଶର୍ମିତ ଚୂନ ବା କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକସାଇଡ୍ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-23

(ii) ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍‌ ଦହନ ଫଳରେ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ଓ ଜଳୀୟବାଷ୍ପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବା ସହିତ ପ୍ରଚୁର ତାପଶକ୍ତି ନିର୍ଗତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
CH4(g) + 202(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (g) + ଚାପ

(ii) ଶ୍ଵାସକ୍ରିୟା ବା ଶ୍ୱସନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକ ତାପ ଉତ୍ପାଦୀ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଅଟେ । ପରିପାକ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା (Digestion)ରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସରଳତର ପଦାର୍ଥରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ । ଭାତ, ରୁଟି, ଆଳୁ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଶ୍ଵେତସାର (Carbohydrate) ଜାତୀୟ ଖାଦ୍ୟରୁ ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଜ୍ (C6H12O6) ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଜ୍ ଆମ ଶରୀରର ଜୀବକୋଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ ସହିତ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ଏବଂ ଶରୀରକୁ ଶକ୍ତି ଯୋଗାଇଥାଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ଏକ ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ନାମ ହେଉଛି ଶ୍ବସନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା (Respiration) ।
C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) — 6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l) + ଚାପ
(iv) ଉଭିଦଜାତ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟର ବିଘଟନ ହୋଇ ଖତରେ ପରିଣତ ହେବା ।

→ (B) ବିଘଟନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Decomposition Reaction):
ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାତ୍ର ଯୌଗିକ ବିଘଟିତ ହୋଇ ଦୁଇ ବା ଅଧିକ ସରଳତର ଉତ୍ପାଦ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରେ, ତାହାକୁ ବିଘଟନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-14
ବିଘଟନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ହେଉଛି ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ବିପରୀତ ।
ବିଘଟନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର; ଯଥା – ତାପୀୟ ବିଘଟନ, ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ବିଘଟନ ଓ ଆଲୋକ ରାସାୟନିକ ବିଘଟନ ।

ତାପୀୟ ବିଘଟନ :
ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଏକ ଯୌଗିକ ତାପ ପ୍ରୟୋଗଦ୍ଵାରା ବିଘଟିତ ହୋଇ ଦୁଇ ବା ତହିଁରୁ ଅଧିକ ସରଳତର ଉତ୍ପାଦରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ‘ତାପୀୟ ବିଘଟନ’ (Thermal Decomposition) କୁହାଯାଏ । ଉଦାହରଣ: ତାପ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ହେତୁ କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍‌ର ବିଘଟନ ଘଟି କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଓ କାର୍ବନ ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-15

→ ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ବିଘଟନ (Electrolytic Decomposition) :
‘‘ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଏକ ଯୌଗିକର ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣରେ କିମ୍ବା ତରଳାବସ୍ଥାର ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ସ୍ରୋତଦ୍ୱାରା ବିଘଟିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ବିଘଟନ ବା ବୈଦ୍ୟୁତିକ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।’’

ଆଲୋକ ରାସାୟନିକ ବିଘଟନ (Photo – Chemical Decomposition) :
‘‘ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଗୋଟିଏ ଯୌଗିକ ଆଲୋକ ଶକ୍ତିଦ୍ୱାରା ବିଘଟିତ ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଆଲୋକ ରାସାୟନିକ ବିଘଟନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

→ ତାପଶୋଷୀ ବା ତାପଗ୍ରାହୀ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Endothermic Chemical reaction ):
ବିଘଟନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ପ୍ରତିକାରକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିଘଟନ ପାଇଁ ତାପ, ଆଲୋକ କିମ୍ବା ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ଶକ୍ତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ତାପଶକ୍ତି ଶୋଷିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ‘‘ତାପଶୋଷୀ ବା ତାର୍ପଗ୍ରାହୀ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା’’ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

ଡ୍‌ତାହରଣ :
ଏକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ 2 ଗ୍ରାମ୍ ବେରିୟମ୍ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଏବଂ l ଗ୍ରାମ୍ ଏମୋନିୟମ୍ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍ ମିଶାଇ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗ୍ଲାସ୍ ରଡ୍‌ରେ ଘାଣ୍ଟିଲେ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀର ନିମ୍ନଭାଗ ଥଣ୍ଡାଲାଗିବ । ଏହା ଏକ ତାପଶୋଷୀ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ।
ବେରିୟମ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ସହିତ ଏମୋନିୟମ୍‌ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍ ମିଶିଲେ, ତାପଶକ୍ତି ଶୋଷିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଯୌଗିକମାନ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
Ba (OH)2 + 2 NH4Cl → 2NH4OH + BaCl2 ତାପ

→ (c) ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Displacement Reaction):
ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମୌଳିକ କୌଣସି ଏକ ଯୌଗିକର ମୌଳିକକୁ ଅପସାରଣ ବା ବିସ୍ଥାପନ କରେ, ସେହି ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-16
‘A’ ମୌଳିକଟି BC ଯୌଗିକରୁ ‘B’କୁ ଅପସାରଣ କରିଥାଏ ।

ଡ୍‌ତାହରଣ :
ଆଇରନ୍ କିପର ସଲଫେଟ୍ ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ଆଇରନ୍‌ ସଲ୍‌ଫେଟ୍ ଓ କପର ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଆଇରନ୍ କପର ସଲ୍‌ଫେଟ୍ରର ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣରୁ Cutକୁ ବିସ୍ଥାପିତ କରେ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-17

ପ୍ରେହିପରି
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-18
ଜିଙ୍କ୍ ଓ ଲେଡ୍ କପର ଠାରୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଶୀଳ ମୌଳିକ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ସେମାନେ କପର ଯୌଗିକରୁ କପର ଅପସାରଣ କରନ୍ତି ।

→ (D) goal (Double Displacement Reaction):
‘‘ଯେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଦ୍ବୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆୟନ ବିନିମୟ ଘଟିଥାଏ, ସେହି ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଦ୍ୱୈତ ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।’’
ଦ୍ୱୈତ ବିସ୍ଥାପନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ନିମ୍ନମତେ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ କରାଯାଇ ଉକ୍ତ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଅନୁଶୀଳନ କରାଯାଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-19
ଉଦାହରଣ :
(i) ସିଲ୍‌ଭର୍ ନାଇଟ୍ରେଟ୍‌ର ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣକୁ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ଼ର ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟାଇଲେ ସିଲଭର୍ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍ସର ଧଳା ଅଧଃକ୍ଷେପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
(ii) ବେରିୟମ୍ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍ସର ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣକୁ ଲଘୁ ଗନ୍ଧକାମ୍ଳ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟାଇଲେ ବେରିୟମ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫେଟ୍‌ର ଧଳା ଅଧଃକ୍ଷେପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2HCl (aq)

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

→ ଜାରଣ (Oxidation) :
ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍‌ର ଯୋଗ ଓ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ବିଯୋଗ ଘଟିଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଜାରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
ଅମ୍ଳଜାନର ଯୋଗ (Addition of Oxygen):
(i) ଅମ୍ଳଜାନର ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ କାର୍ବନର ଦହନ ଘଟିଲେ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।.
C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2(g)

(ii) ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍‌ର ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ଦହନ ଘଟିଲେ କଠିନ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)

(iii) ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ବାୟୁରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ସହ ଲୁହାର ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିଲେ ସେଥ‌ିରେ କଳଙ୍କି ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + H2O(g) → 2Fe2O3 . H2O

→ (b) ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ବିୟୋଗ (Removal of Hydrogen) :
(i) ବ୍ରୋମିନ୍ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ୍ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କଲେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ବ୍ରୋମାଇଡ୍ ଓ ସଲ୍‌ଫର୍‌ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ଼ରୁ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ବିୟୋଗ ଘଟିଥାଏ ।
H2S(aq) + Br2(aq) → 2HBr(aq) + S

(iii) ଉକ୍ତ ପରିବେଶରେ ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ୍ ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍‌ର ଲଘୁ ଲବଣାମ୍ଳ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିଲେ ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ୍ କ୍ଲୋରାଇଡ୍, ଜଳ ଓ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
4HC/ (aq) + MnO2(s) → MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2Cl2(g)

ବିଜାରଣ (Reduction) :
ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ଯୋଗ ଓ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍‌ର ବିଯୋଗ ଘଟିଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ବିଜାରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ଯୋଗ (Addition of Hydrogen) :
(i) ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସର ସଲ୍‌ଫର୍‌ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିଲେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
H2(g) + S(g) → H2S(g)

(ii) ଜଳୀୟ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ୍‌ର କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଘଟିଲେ ଲବଣାମ୍ଳ ଓ ସଲ୍‌ଫର୍‌ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।
H2S (aq) + Cl2(g) → 2HCI (ag) + S(s)

(b) ଅକ୍ସିଜେନର ରିପୋଟ (Removal of Oxygen) :
(i) ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍‌କୁ ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ କପର୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ଼ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ କଲେ, ଏହା ଧାତବ କପରକୁ ବିଜାରିତ ହୁଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-20

(ii) କାର୍ବନ ମନୋକ୍‌ସାଇଡ଼କୁ ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ ଫେରିକ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ କଲେ, ଏହା ଧାତବ ଲୁହାକୁ ବିଜାରିତ ହୁଏ ।
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-21

BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ସମୀକରଣ

→ ଜାରକ (Oxidising Agent) :
ଯେଉଁ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍ ଦେଇ କିମ୍ବା ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ନେଇ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦାର୍ଥର ଜାରଣ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଜାରକ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
(i) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ କାର୍ବନ୍ କାର୍ବନ ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍‌କୁ ଜାରିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍ ଏକ ଜାରକ ଅଟେ ।

(ii) H2S(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl (aq) + S(s)
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ୍ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ଦ୍ୱାରା ଜାରିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍ ଏକ ଜାରକ ଅଟେ ।

→ ବିଜାରକ (Reducing Agent) :
ଯେଉଁ ପଦାର୍ଥ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଦେଇ କିମ୍ବା ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍ ନେଇ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦାର୍ଥର ବିଜାରଣ ଘଟାଇଥାଏ, ତାକୁ ବିଜାରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
(i) Cl2(g) + H2S (aq) → 2HCl (aq) S(s)
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍ଲୋରିକ୍ ଅମ୍ଳକୁ ବିଜାରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏଠାରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ସଲ୍‌ଫାଇଡ଼୍ ବିଜାରକ ଅଟେ ।

(ii) MgO (s) + C(s) → Mg(s) + CO(g)
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଧାତବ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍‌କୁ ବିଜାରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏଠାରେ କାର୍ବନ ବିଜାରକ ଅଟେ ।

→ ଜାରଣ-ବିଜାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Oxidation-reduction Reaction) ବା ବିଜାରଣ-କାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା (Redox Reaction) :
କୌଣସି ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଚାଲୁଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରତିକାରକ ଜାରିତ ହେଉଥିଲେ ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରତିକାରକଟି ବିଜାରିତ ହୁଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରକାର ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଜାରଣ-ବିଜାରଣ ବା ବିଜାରଣ-ଜାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Notes Chapter 1 img-22
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ କପର (II) ଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଧାତବ କପର୍‌କୁ ବିଜାରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଜଳକୁ ଜାରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

→ ଦୈନଦିନ ଜ1ବନରେ ଜାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାର ପ୍ରଭାବ (Effects of Oxidation reactions in everyday life):
ସଂକ୍ଷାରଣ (Corrosion):

  • ଏକ ଲୌହ ନିର୍ମିତ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ନୂତନ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ବଳ ଓ ମସୃଣ ହୋଇଥାଏ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କିଛି ଦିନ ବାହାରେ ପଡ଼ିରହିଲେ, ଏହା ଉପରେ ଏକ ଲୋହିତ-ବାଦାମୀ ରଙ୍ଗର ପ୍ରଲେପ ମାଡ଼ିଯାଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ‘ଲୁହାରେ କଳଙ୍କି ଲାଗିବା’’ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଯେତେବେଳେ ଏକ ଧାତୁ ତାକୁ ଘେରି ରହିଥ‌ିବା ଉପାଦାନଗୁଡ଼ିକ (ଯଥା – ଜଳୀୟବାଷ୍ପ, ଅମ୍ଳ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) ସହିତ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ଧାତୁଟିର ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ କ୍ଷୟ ଘଟିଥାଏ । ଧାତୁର ଏହି କ୍ଷୟ ହେବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ସଂକ୍ଷାରଣ ବା କ୍ରମକ୍ଷୟ (Corrosion) କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ସିଲଭର ଉପରେ ପଡ଼ୁଥ‌ିବା କଳା ଆସ୍ତରଣ ଓ କପର ଉପରେ ପଡୁଥ‌ିବା ସବୁଜ ଆସ୍ତରଣ ହେଉଛି ସଂକ୍ଷାରଣର ଉଦାହରଣ ।
  • ସଂକ୍ଷାରଣ ହେତୁ ମଟରଗାଡ଼ି, ପୋଲ, ଲୁହାବାଡ଼, ଜାହାଜ ଏବଂ ଧାତୁ ନିର୍ମିତ ସମସ୍ତ ବସ୍ତୁ ବିଶେଷକରି ଲୌହ ନିର୍ମିତ ବସ୍ତୁଗୁଡ଼ିକର କ୍ଷୟ ଘଟିଥାଏ ।

→ ସଢ଼ା ଅବସ୍ଥା (Rancidity):

  • ବହୁତ ଦିନ ଧରି ରହିଯାଇଥିବା ଚର୍ବି ଏବଂ ତେଲ ବାୟୁ ସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ଆସି ଜାରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହାଫଳରେ ତା’ର ଗନ୍ଧ ଓ ସ୍ବାଦ ବଦଳିଯାଇଥାଏ । ତହିଁରୁ ରହଣିଆ ଗନ୍ଧ ବାହାରୁଥାଏ । ଏହାକୁ ପଦାର୍ଥର ସଢ଼ା ଅବସ୍ଥା କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଯେଉଁ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଜାରଣକୁ ନିରୋଧ କରେ ତାକୁ ପ୍ରତିଜାରକ (Antioxidant) କହନ୍ତି । ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସାମଗ୍ରୀରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ପ୍ରତିଜାରକକୁ ମିଶାଇ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବହୁଦିନ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ।
  • ବାୟୁରୋଧୀ ପାତ୍ର (Air-tight container)ରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟପଦାର୍ଥ ରଖି ଜାରଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ମନ୍ଥର ହୁଏ । ଏହା ଫଳରେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ ସହଜ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 8 English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-1
I. Pre-Reading

Here is a Japanese folk-tale. The folk-tale is about a stone cutter. He becomes a rich man, then a king, then the sun, then cloud, then stone-cutter. Let’s read and enjoy.

Here is a Japanese folk-tale

ଏଠାରେ ଏକ ଜାପାନୀ ଲୋକ ଗଳ୍ପ । ଲେ।କ ଗଳ୍ପ ଟି ଗୋଟିଏ ପଥରକଟାଳି ଉପରେ ଲିଖିତ । ପଥରକଟାଳିଟି କିପରି ପ୍ରଥମେ ଧନୀ, ତା’ପରେ ସେ ଦେଶରେ ରାଜା, ତା’ପରେ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ, ତା’ପରେ ମେଘ ଏବଂ ଶେଷରେ ପଥରକଟାଳି ହେଲା, ସେ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଏହି ଗପଟି ପଢ଼ି ମଜା ନେବା ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

II. While Reading

SGP-1
Read paragraphs 1- 2 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ପ୍ରଥମ ଓ ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନୀରବରେ ପାଠ କରିବା ପରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

1. Kalu was …………………………………………………………………………………. all day.
କାଲୁ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ପଥରକଟାଳି ଥିଲା । ଦିନେ ପ୍ରବଳ ଗରମ ହେଲା ଏବଂ କାଲୁ ଏତେ ଖରାରେ କାମ କରିପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ଅନୁଭବ କଲା । ସେ ତା’କୁରାଢ଼ିଟିକୁ ତଳେ ଥୋଇଦେଲା ଏବଂ କହିଲା, ‘‘ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଖୁବ୍ ଧନୀ ଲୋକ ହେବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ । ସେ ସମୟରେ ହଠାତ୍ ଜଣେ ସ୍ଵର୍ଗର ଦେବଦୂତ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ ଏବଂ କିହଲେ, ‘ତୁ ଧନୀ ହୋଇଯାଅ ।’’ ସେ ଧନୀ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଦିନରାତି ବସି ରହି ଖୁବ୍ ଖାଇଲା ଏବଂ ନିଶା ସେବନ କଲା ।

2. One day, ………………………………………………………………………… to be the sun”.
ଦିନେ ସେ ଜଣେ ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖିଲା । ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖି ରାଜ୍ୟର ସମସ୍ତ ଲୋକ ନତମସ୍ତକ ହୋଇ ସମ୍ମାନ ଜଣାଇଲେ । କାଲୁ ଏହା ଦେଖି କହିଲା, ଟଙ୍କାଟା ବଡ଼ କଥା ନୁହେଁ । ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ରାଜା ହେବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ । ସ୍ଵର୍ଗର ଦେବଦୂତ କାଲୁର ଅଭିଳାଷ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରି, ତାକୁ ରାଜା କରିଦେଲେ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମସ୍ତେ ତାକୁ ନତମସ୍ତକ ହେଲେ । କାଲୁ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲା । ଦିନେ ସେ ପାରିଲ୍‌ରେ ଯାଇଥିଲା । ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ତା’ଶରୀର ଜଳିଗଲା ପ୍ରାୟ ହେଲା । ହଠାତ୍ କାଲୁ ଚିତ୍କାର କରି ଉଠି କହିଲା ‘ମୁଁ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହେବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ ।’’

Word Meaning
stonecutter : one who cuts stone to size
axe : an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle
suddenly : abruptly / unexpectedly
angel : divine messenger
heaven : abode of God
bowed : bending the head down in respect or shame
burnt : destroyed / damaged by fire
shouted : to speak loudly

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What was Kalu?
(କାଲୁ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu was a stonecutter.

Question 2.
Why didn’t he want to work?
(ସେ କାହିଁକି କାମ କରିବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
He didn’t want to work because there was very hot.

Question 3.
What did Kalu want to become?
(କାଲୁ କ’ଣ ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu wanted to become a rich man.

Question 4.
Who said, ‘You shall be rich’?
(କିଏ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ତୁମେ ଧନୀ ହୋଇଯାଅ’’ ?)
Answer:
The Angel from heaven said, “You shall be rich.”

Question 5.
What did Kalu do when he became rich?
(କାଲ୍ ଧନୀ ହେବା ପରେ କ’ଣ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu ate and drank all day when he became rich.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Question 6.
What did he see one day?
(ସେ ଦିନେ କ’ଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
One day Kalu saw the king of that kingdom and all the people bowed their heads at him with honour.

Question 7.
“Money is not enough, I want to be a king.” Who said ?
(‘ଟଙ୍କା କିଛି ନୁହେଁ, ମୁଁ ଅଜା ହେବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ ।’’ କିଏ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
“Money is not enough. I want to be a king.” Kalu said.

Question 8.
Who made Kalu a king?
(କାଲୁକୁ କିଏ ରାଜା କଲା ?)
Answer:
The Angel from heaven made Kalu a king.

Question 9.
Why was Kalu happy?
(କାଲୁ କାହିଁକି ଖୁସି ଥୁଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu was happy because all the people bowed their heads at him with honour.

Question 10.
Who burnt him ? When?
(କିଏ ତାକୁ ପୋଡ଼ି ପକାଇଲା ? କେତେବେଳେ ?)
Answer:
The hot sun burnt him, when he was going around his country.

Question 11.
What did Kalu want to be next?
(ଏହାପରେ କାଲୁ କ’ଣ ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu wanted to be sun next.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-2

SGP-2
Read paragraphs 3-4 silently and answer the questions that follow.
3. The angel ……………………………………………………………………… be a cloud.
ଦେବଦୂତ ପୁନର୍ବାର ଆସିଲେ ଏବଂ କାଲୁକୁ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଦେଲେ । କାଲୁ ତା’ର ପ୍ରବଳ ତେଜରେ ସବୁ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଜାଳିଦେଲା । ସେ ରାଜାମା ନଙ୍କ ମୁଖ ଜାଲି ଦେଲା । ସେ ଧନୀବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ମୁଖ ଏବଂ ପଥର କାଟୁଥ‌ିବା ପଥରକଟାଳିଙ୍କ ମୁଖ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜାଳିଦେଲା। ସେ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ଦିନ ପରେ ତା ତଳେ ଏକ ବାଦଲ ଦେଖିଲା । ଏହି ବାଦଲକୁ ଦେଖି ଚିନ୍ତାକଲା, ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଏହା ଯିବନାହିଁ । ଏଣୁ ସେ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ଆଉ ପହଞ୍ଚିପାରିବ ନାହିଁ । ଏଣୁ ମେଘ ତା’ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ। ଏଣୁ ସେ ମେଘ ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ।

Read paragraphs 3-4 silently and answer the questions that follow.

4. The angel ……………………………………………………………………… by the rain.
ଦେବଦୂତ ପୁନର୍ବାର ଆସିଲେ ଏବଂ ତାକୁ ମେଘରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦେଲେ । ମେଘ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ବର୍ଷା କଲା । ଏତେ ବର୍ଷା ହେଲା ଯେ ଲୋକମାନେ ଘରୁ ବାହାରି ପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ କିରଣ ଦେଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଲୋକଟି ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ୱ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ବିହ୍ବଳିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲା । ସେ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟଠାରୁ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ବୋଲି ନିଜକୁ ଅନୁଭବ କଲା । ପ୍ରବଳ ବର୍ଷା ଫଳରେ ଲୋକ, ଘାସ, ଗଛ, ସବୁକିଛି ଧୋଇଗଲେ ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Word Meaning
turned : changed
below : beneath
shine : to produce or reflect light
overjoyed : be greatly happy
washed away : to take something away by force of water

Question 1.
Did the Angel make Kalu the sun?
(ଦେବଦୂତ କାଲୁକୁ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଦେଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, the angel made Kalu, the sun.

Question 2.
What did Kalu burn? How did he feel? Do you like him?
(କାଲୁ କ’ଣ ପୋଡ଼ି ପକାଇଲା ? ତାକୁ କିପରି ଲାଗିଲା ? ତୁମେ ତାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଅ କି ?)
Answer:
He burnt the faces of kings, faces of rich and stone cutters. He felt very happy. No, we don’t prefer it.

Question 3.
Why couldn’t Kalu, the sun reach the earth?
(କାଲୁ-ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Kalu, the sun couldn’t reach the earth because below him a cloud was seen which would not go away.

Question 4.
What did Kalu want to be next?
(ଏହାପରେ କାଲୁ କ’ଣ ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu wanted to be a cloud next.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Question 5.
Was Kalu turned into a cloud?
(କାଲ ମେଘରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଗଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, the angel came again and turned Kalu into a cloud.

Question 6.
Why did people stop coming out of their houses?
( ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଘର ବାହାରି ପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
People stopped coming out of their houses because the cloud rained everyday.

Question 7.
Why did not the sun shine on the earth?
( ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ କିରଣ ଦେଇପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The sun did not shine on the earth as the cloud covered the sky and rained.

Question 8.
The man was overjoyed. Who is the ‘man’ in the sentence?
( ମନଷ୍ୟଟି କାହିଁକି ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ବିମୋହିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲା ? ଏଠାରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟଟି କିଏ ?)
Answer:
The man was overjoyed. Kalu is the ‘man’ here in the sentence.

Question 9.
What did the rain wash away?
(ବର୍ଷା କ’ଣସବୁ ଧୋଇନେଲା ?)
Answer:
The rain washed away the people, the grass, the trees and everything.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

SGP – 3
Read paragraphs 5 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ପଞ୍ଚମ ଅନଚ୍ଛେଦଟି ନୀରବରେ ପାଠକରି ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

5. But ………………………………………………………………………… happy.
କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରବଳ ବର୍ଷାରେ ପଥରର କିଛି ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ପଥର ବର୍ଷା ଫଳରେ ଅବିଚଳିତ ହୋଇ ରହିଲା । କାଲୁ ଏହା ଦେଖିଲା । ସେ ଚିତ୍କାର କରି କହିଉଠିଲା, ‘ମୁଁ ପଥର ହେବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ ।’’ କାରଣ ବର୍ଷାରେ ପଥରର କୌଣସି କ୍ଷତି ହେଉନାହିଁ । ଦେବଦୂତ ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଆସି କାଲୁକୁ ପଥର କରିଦେଲେ । ପଥରର ବର୍ଷାରେ କିଛି ହେଲାନାହିଁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ହଠାତ୍ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କୁରାଢ଼ି ଧରି ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା ଏବଂ ପଥରକୁ କାଟିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା । କାଲୁ ପଥର ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲା ନାହିଁ । ଏଥର ଶେଷଥର ପାଇଁ ଦେବଦୂତ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ ଆସିଲେ ଏବଂ କାଲୁକୁ କହିଲେ ‘ତୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ପଥରକଟାଳି ହୋଇଯିବୁ । ଏଣୁ କାଲୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର ପଥରକଟାଳି ହୋଇଗଲା । ସେ ଗରିବ ହୋଇଗଲା ହେଲେ ସୁଖ ଅନୁଭବ କଲା

Word Meaning
rock : large mass of stone
move : set in motion
anymore : at the present or from now on; usually used with a negative
for the last time : for a later and final time

Comprehension Questions and Answers 

Question 1.
Why did Kalu want to be a rock?
(କାଲୁ କାହିଁକି ପଥରଖଣ୍ଡ ହେବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu wanted to be a rock because it did not move in the heavy rain of the cloud.

Question 2.
Did Kaiu become a rock?
(କାଲୁ ପଥର ହେଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, as kalu wanted to be a rock, the angel came down and turned Kalu into a rock.

Question 3.
Why didn’t he want to be a rock anymore?
(ସେ କାହିଁକି ଆଉ ପଥର ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
Kalu didn’t want to be a rock anymore because there was the stonecutter to cut stones from rock.

Question 4.
What did the angel do then?
(ଦେବଦୂତ ତା’ପରେ କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The angel came down for the last time made Kalu into rockcutter.

Question 5.
Was Kalu happy to be a stonecutter again ?
(ଆଉ ଥରେ ପୁଣି ପଥରକଟାଳି ହୋଇ କାଲୁ ଖୁସି ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, Kalu was happy to be a stone cutter again.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-3
III. Post-Reading

1. Visual Memory Development Technique (VMDT)
(ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଚିତ୍ର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ସୂତି ଶକ୍ତିର ଉନ୍ନତି ହେବା)
Whole Text: Find the paragraphs which describe Kalu as a stone cutter, rich man, king, the sun, a cloud, a rock.
(କେଉଁ କେଉଁ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦରେ କାଲୁ କେଉଁ କେଉଁ ଅବସ୍ଥା ହୋଇଥିଲା, ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କର ।)
[Kalu as a stone cutter, rich man – para – 1
Kalu as a king – para – 2
Kalu as the sun – para – 3
Kalu as a cloud – para – 4
Kalu as a rock – para – 5 ‘
para – 1,
Part : Paragraph 5-angel, cloud, stonecutter.

2. Comprehension Activities :
( ବୋଧ ପରିମାପକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ’)
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences.
(ଚାରିଟି ଉତ୍ତର ମଧ୍ଯର ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରଟି ବାଛି ବାକ୍ୟ ପୃଷ୍ଠି କର ।)

Question 1.
Kalu was ____________ .
(A) a rich man
(B) a king
(C) a stonecutter
(D) a farmer
Answer:
(C) a stonecutter

Question 2.
__________ burnt Kalu, the king.
(A) The sun
(B) The moon
(C) The fire
(D) The match box
Answer:
(A) The sun

Question 3.
Kalu, the sun could not reach the earth because ____________ came in his way.
(A) a cloud
(B) a star
(C) an eagle
(D) an angel
Answer:
(D) an angel

Question 4.
The people, the grass, the trees, everything was washed away by __________.
(A) the storm
(B) the sea
(C) the rain
(D) the water
Answer:
(C) the rain

Question 5.
At last Kalu became ____________.
(A) a rock
(B) a stonecutter
(C) a woodcutter
(D) a log
Answer:
(B) a stonecutter

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-4

(b) Kalu was a stonecutter. He went through five stages to become a stonecutter again. These five stages are shown in the circle below. Name the stages on the circle.
(କାଲୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ପଥରକଟାଳି ଥିଲା । ସେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ଅବସ୍ଥା ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରି ପୁନର୍ବାର ପଥରକଟାଳି ହେଲା । ଗୋଲେଇଟିରେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ଖାଲି ଘର ରଖାଯାଇଛି । ସେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ଅବସ୍ଥା ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କର ।) (ବାମରୁ ଡାହାଣକୁ)

Kalu was a stonecutter. He went through five stages to become a stonecutter again

Answer:
Kalu was a stonecutter. He went through five stages to become a stonecutter again Answer

(c) The following sentences are from the story. But they are not in order. Read the story and put them in right order. The first one is done for you.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଗଳ୍ପରୁ ଅଣାଯାଇଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମରେ ନାହିଁ । ଗପଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ସଠିକ କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଅ । ପ୍ରଥମଟି ତୁମ ପାଇଁ କରିଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

The following sentences are from the story

Answer:
2 – “Money is not enough, I want to be a king.”
6 – “You shall be a stonecutter.”
4 – And of course, the man wanted to be a cloud.
1 – “I want to be rich.”
7 – He was poor, but he was happy.
5 – “I want to be a rock.”
3 – “I want to be the sun.”

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-5
3. Listening

(a) Teacher gives dictation of 10 simple words of 3-4 letters from the text like ‘axe’, ‘rich’ etc. Students will write. Then, teacher corrects and gives feedback.
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ୧୦ଟି ସରଳ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ଡାକିବେ । ପିଲାମାନେ ତାକୁ ଶୁଣି ବନାନ ନିର୍ଭୁଲ୍ ଥିବା ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିବେ ।)
(b) From the list of words given below, your teacher will read aloud some words. You will tick the words while listening to your teacher.
(ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ବଡ଼ ପାଟିରେ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ କରିବେ । ତମେ ତାକୁ ଶୁଣି ନିର୍ଭୁଲ ଭାବରେ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେବ ।)
List of words:
heaven, enough, around, suddenly, angel, again, overjoyed, people, earth

4. Speaking

(a) Chain-drill : “I’m happy to be a stonecutter again.”
(b) Dialogues/Role-play : (Follow the steps as stated in previous lessons.)
Kalu : I want to be rich.
Angel : You shall be rich.
Kalu : I want to be a king.
Angel : You shall be a king.
Kalu : I want to be the sun.
Angel : You shall be the sun.
Kalu : I want to be a stonecutter.
Angel : You shall be a stonecutter.

Session-6
5. Vocabulary

All the characters of your story are hiding in this cross-word puzzle. Try to find them out.

All the characters of your story are hiding in this cross-word puzzle. Try to find them out.

Clues : All the words are built around the word what Kalu was. Now write the words.
1. CLOUD
2. KING
3. ANGEL
4. RICHMAN
5. SUN
6. ROCK
7. STONECUTTER

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

6. Usage

(a) See the sentence below and fill in the gaps choosing words from the box.
( ତଳେ ଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦେଖ କେଠରୀ ମଧ୍ଯରୁ ଶବ୍ଦ ବାଛି ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)
The cloud is stronger than the sun. Therefore, Kalu wanted to be cloud.
(i) A mountain is __________ than a squirrel.
(ii) A coconut tree is __________ than a mango tree.
(iii) Cotton is __________than iron.
(iv) A car runs __________ than a bicycle.
(v) A sea is __________ than a river.
lighter, mightier, larger, taller, faster.

Answer:
(i) A mountain is mightier than a squirrel.
(ii) A coconut tree is taller than a mango tree.
(iii) Cotton is lighter than iron.
(iv) A car runs faster than a bicycle.
(v) A sea is larger than a river.

(b) Look at the following sentence.
The pen is mightier than,the sword. The describing word ‘mighter’ is in its comparative form. It compares ‘pen’ with ‘sword’. It takes the word ‘than’ after it. All words of comparison take ‘than’ after them. Rewrite the following sentences using words in brackets in their comparative forms. One is done for you.

Question (i)
My uncle is (young) my father.
Answer:
My uncle is younger than my father.

Question (ii)
Mango is (sweet) pineapple.
Answer:
Mango is sweeter than pineapple.

Question (iii)
Kashmir is (cool) Kanyakumari.
Answer:
Kashmir is cooler than Kanyakumari.

Question (iv)
Elephant is (big) lion.
Answer:
Elephant is bigger than lion.

Question (v)
Sun is (big) moon.
Answer:
Sun is bigger than moon.

Question (vi)
Ankit is (smart) Swagat.
Answer:
Ankit is smarter than Swagat.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Session-7

(c) Notice the underlined words in the sentence taken from you lesson.
(ଦେଖ, ତୁମ ବିଷୟ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ତଳେ ଗାର ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

  • He gut his. axe down.
  • One day, he was going around his country.’
  • The angel came again and turned Kalu into a cloud.
  • The people, the grass, the trees, everything was washed away.
  • He saw a cloud below him. It would not go away. .

In each sentence the first word underlined is a doing word or a verb. When a verb takes another word as underlined, it changes in meaning. For example, ‘wash’ means to clean something with water. When ‘wash’ takes ‘away’ after it, it means carried away by water / flood etc.
(ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ଶବ୍ଦ ପରି ଗୋଟିଏ କ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ ଆଉ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ଯୋଗ ହେଲେ ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ । ଯେପରି ‘wash’ ଅର୍ଥ ଧୋଇବା କିନ୍ତୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ (wash) away ସେଥିରେ ଯୋଗ ହୁଏ ତାହା ଧୋଇ ହୋଇଯିବା ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ ।)

Now match the ‘two word-verbs’ in ‘A’ with their meaning in ‘B’.
( ବର୍ତମାନ ଏହିପରି ଦୁଇ ଶବ୍ଦବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଶବ୍ଦ ପାଇଁ ‘A’ ଓ ‘B’ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭକୁ ଯୋଗ କର ।)

Now match the ‘two word-verbs’ in ‘A’ with their meaning in ‘B’

Answer:
Now match the ‘two word-verbs’ in ‘A’ with their meaning in ‘B’ Answer

7. Writing

Answer the following questions
Question (i)
What was Kalu?
(କାଳୁ କ’ଣ ଥୁଲଶ ?)
Answer:
Kalu was a stonecutter.

Question (ii)
What did he become?
(ସେ କ’ଣ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
He became rich.

Question (iii)
Who turned him into different forms?
( କିଏ ତାକ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ରପ ଦେଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The angel turned him into different forms.

Question (iv)
Was he happy with riches?
(ସେ ଧନୀମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଖୁସି ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
No, he was not happy with riches.

Question (v)
Why was he happy as a king?
(ସେ ରାଜା ହୋଇ ଖୁସି ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
He was happy as a king because all the people bowed at him with honour.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Question (vi)
How did the sun put him into trouble?
(ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ତାକୁ କି ପ୍ରକାର ବାଧା ଦେଲା ?)
Answer:
The hot sun burnt him when Kalu-king was going around his country.

Question (vii)
How did Kalu, the sun, harm the people?
(କାଲୁ-ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ କି ପ୍ରକାର ହଇରାଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu, the sun burnt everything. He burnt the faces of kings, faces of rich and stonecutters when they were on work.

Question (viii)
Why couldn’t Kalu, the sun, reach the earth?
(କାଲୁ-ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ କାହିଁକି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ପହଞ୍ଚୁରିଲା ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
Kalu, the sun couldn’t reach the earth because a cloud was below him and over the earth. It didn’t move.

Question (ix)
What did Kalu do when he became a cloud?
(କାଲୁ ମେଘ ହେବା ପରେ କ’ଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
When Kalu became a cloud, he rained heavily everyday for which people couldn’t come out of their houses and the sun didn’t shine on the earth anymore.

Question (x)
Why did Kalu not want become a rock anymore?
(କାଲୁ ଆଉ ଶିଳାଖଣ୍ଡ ହେବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କଲା ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Kalu did not want to become a rock anymore because the stonecutter began to cut stones from a rock with his axe.

Question (xi)
What did the angel make Kalu at last?
(ଦେବଦୂତ ଶେଷରେ କାଲୁକୁ କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The angel made Kalu a stonecutter at last.

Question (xii)
Why was Kalu happy to be a poor stone cutter ?
(ପଥରକଟାଳି ହେବା ପରେ କାଲୁ କାହିଁକି ଖୁସି ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
Kalu was happy to be a poor stonecutter because he felt a stonecutter was the strongest of all.

8. Mental Talk 

“Our wants are unlimited.”
( ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର କାମନାର ଅନ୍ତ ନାହିଁ ।)

“Be happy with what you have.”
( ନିଜର ଯେତିକି ଅଛି, ସେତିକିରେ ସନ୍ତୁଷ୍ଟ ରୁହ ।)

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

9. Let us Think 

Think about the following ways of life.
(ଏହି ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ ଉପରେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବା ।)

We should not be made like Kalu to possess more and still more. It leads to sorrow and dissatisfaction.
(ଆମେ କାଳୁ ପରି ଅସୀମିତ କାମନାଦ୍ଵାରା ବଶୀଭୂତ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଏହା ଜୀବନକୁ ବିଷାଦ ଏବଂ ସନ୍ତୋଷ ଆଡ଼କ ଟାଣିନିଏ ।)

Tail-Piece

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.
( ଏ ଅନଚ୍ଛେଦ ପାଠ କର ଇ ନିମ୍ନ କେତେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Punarmushika Bhaba
In a forest …………………………………………………………………………. the tiger into a rat.
ଗୋଟିଏ ଅରଣ୍ୟରେ ଜଣେ ଋଷି ବା ସନ୍ଥ ରହୁଥିଲେ । ସେ କେବଳ ଫଳମୂଳ ଖାଇ ବଞ୍ଚୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସମୟ ଯୋଗ ଓ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନାରେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ରହୁଥିଲେ । ମଣିଷ, ପଶୁ କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନଙ୍କ ସହ କୌଣସି ସମ୍ପର୍କ ନରଖୁ ଅତି ଐକିକ ଜୀବନ ଯାପନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଥରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମୂଷା ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୁମ୍ଫାରେ ରହିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଋଷି ଯୋଗ ସାଧନରେ ରହୁଥିଲେ ଏ ମୂଷା ଦୌଡ଼ିଯାଇ ତାଙ୍କ ଫଳକୁ ଆସ୍ତେ ଆସ୍ତେ ରାମ୍ପି ଦେଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀଙ୍କ ସହ ଖେଳ କୌତୁକ କରୁଥିଲା । ଥରେ ଥରେ ସେ ଋଷିଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଚଢ଼ିଯାଇ ତାଙ୍କ ଯୋଗରେ ବାଧା ଦେଉଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଋଷି କିଛି କହୁନଥିଲେ ବରଂ ଉଭୟଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ ଖେଳ କୌତୁକକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଦୁହିଁଙ୍କର ଭିତରେ ବନ୍ଧୁତା ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ବଢ଼ିଲା ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ପାଇଲେ । ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ ମୂଷାର ଖେଳ, କୌତୁକ ଆଉ ଦୁଷ୍ଟାମକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରୁଥିଲେ ।

ମୂଷାର ସାଙ୍ଗ ହେବାପରେ ତା’ର କାହାକୁ ଭୟ ନଥିଲା । ସେ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ଏବଂ ନିରାପଦରେ କାଳାତିପାତ କରୁଥୁଲା ଯେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଋଷିଙ୍କ କୁଟୀର ନିକଟକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଧଳା ବଣଭୁଆ ଆସିନଥିଲା । ବିରାଡ଼ିଟି ଭୟରେ ପଦାକୁ ବାହାରୁ ନଥୁଳା । ଦିନେ ମୂଷା ଋଷିଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କଲା, ‘ମହର୍ଷି, ମୋତେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବିରାଡ଼ି କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ୟ ବଳବାନ୍ ପ୍ରାଣୀ କରିଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ତା’ନହେଲେ ବିରାଡି ଭୟରେ ମୁଁ ଖୁସିରେ ଚଳିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ ।’’ ଋଷି, ‘ତଥାସ୍ତୁ’ କହି ମୂଷାକୁ ବିରାଡ଼ିରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦେଲେ । ଋଷି ଏବଂ ବିରାଡି ଏକଖୁସିରେ ଚଳିଲେ । ବିରାଡି ଋଷିଙ୍କ ଯୋଗ ସାଧନା ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଚାରିପଟେ ଘୂରୁଥିଲା । ସମୟ ସମୟରେ ଋଷି ତପସ୍ୟାରେ ଥ‌ିବାବେଳେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ କୋଳରେ ବସିଯାଉଥିଲା । ଋଷି ମୂଷା ସହିତ କରୁଥିବା ଆନନ୍ଦରୁ ଆହୁରି ଆନନ୍ଦ ପାଉଥିଲେ ।

Punarmushika Bhaba

ବିରାଡ଼ିଟି ଖୁସିରେ ନର୍ଦ୍ଧରେ ଚଳୁଥୁଲା, ଯେତେବେଳ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଋଷିଙ୍କ ଆଶ୍ରମ ନିକଟକୁ ଏକ ବିଲୁଆ ଆସିନଥିଲା । ବିରାଡିଟି ବିଲୁଆ ଆକ୍ରମଣ ଆଶଙ୍କାରେ ଆଉ ପଦାକୁ ବାହାରି ପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ । ଏଣୁ ଦିନେ ଋଷିଙ୍କୁ ସେ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରି କହିଲା ‘ମହର୍ଷି, ମୋତେ ବିଲୁଆ କିମ୍ବା ସେପରି କିଛି ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ମୁଁ ବିଲୁଆ ଭୟରେ ଏଠି ନିରାପଦରେ ରହିପାରନାହିଁ ।’’ ଏଣୁ ଋଷି ତଥାସ୍ତୁ କହି ବିରାଡିଟିକୁ ବିଲରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦେଲେ । ଋଷି ଏବଂ ବିଲୁଆ ଏକାଠି ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ରହିଲେ । ବିଲୁଆ ଆଶ୍ରମକୁ ଜଗି ରହିଲା । ଋଷିଙ୍କ କୁଟୀର ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଛୋଟିଆ ପ୍ରାଣୀକୁ ବି ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲା ନାହିଁ । ଋଷି ସକାଳ ଓ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ତା’ର ହୁକେ ହୋ’ ହୁକେ ହୋ’ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ବି ଖୁବ୍ ଉପଭୋଗ କଲେ । ଆଗରୁ ମୂଷା କିମ୍ବା ବିଲେଇ ଥିବାବେଳେ ସେ ସକାଳ ଓ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ସମୟ ଜାଣିବାକୁ କୌଣସି ସୂତ୍ର ପାଉନଥିଲେ ।

ଦିନ-ରାତି ଏକ ମନେ ହେଉଥିଲା । ଏହି କାରଣରୁ ସେ ବିରାଡ଼ିର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ୱଠାରୁ ବିଲୁଆର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵକୁ ଅଧିକ ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ । ଋଷିଙ୍କ ଆଶ୍ରମ ନିକଟକୁ ଏକ ବାଘ ଆସି ରହିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବିଲୁଆ ଖୁବ୍ ମସ୍ତି କରୁଥିଲା । ବାଘ ରହିବା ପରେ ବିଲୁଆ ବାଘର ଆକ୍ରମଣ ଭୟରେ ଆଉ ପଦାକୁ ବାହାରି ପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ, କିମ୍ବା ଖୁସିରେ ଚଳିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ । ଏଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ସେ ଋଷିଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କଲା, ‘‘ମହର୍ଷି, ମୋତେ ବାଘ କିମ୍ବା ସେହିପରି କିଛି ପ୍ରାଣୀରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦିଅନ୍ତୁ, ତା’ନହେଲେ ମୁଁ ନିରାପଦରେ ରହିପାରୁ ନାହିଁ ।’’ ମହର୍ଷି ତତ୍‌ତ୍‌ ‘ତଥାସ୍ତୁ’ କହି ବିଲୁଆକୁ ବାଘ କରିଦେଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଋଷି ଯେମିତି ବିଲୁଆକୁ ବାଘରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଦେଇଛନ୍ତି, ବାଘ ହିଂସ୍ର ହୋଇ ଋଷିଙ୍କୁ ଖାଇବାକୁ ବାହାରିଲଲା । ଋଷି ମର୍ମାହତ ହେଲେ ଏବଂ ନିଜକୁ ବଞ୍ଚାଇବାକୁ ସେ ବାଘକୁ କହିଲେ ‘‘ପୁନମୂଷିକ ଭବ’’ । ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ତୁମେ ପୁନର୍ବାର ମୂଷା ହୋଇଯାଅ ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ ବାଘଟି ମୂଷାରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଗଲା ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 4 The Stonecutter

Word Meaning
spent : to pass time
meditation : the practice of thinking deeply in silence for regligious reasons or in order to make your mind chain
contact with : the state of touching something
nibbling : to take small bites of something
pranks : a trick that is played on somebody as a joke
monk : saint
for fear of : to avoid the danger of something happening
lap : the top part of your leg that forms a flat surface when you are sitting down
undisturbed : not moved / touched by anyone or anything

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 8 English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-1
I. Pre-Reading

Perhaps all of you know what a riddle is.
( ବୋଧହୁଏ ତମେମାନେ ସଭିଏଁ ଗୋଲକ ଧନ୍ଦା ବା ପହଲି କ’ଣ ଜାଣିଛ ।)
It is not only interesting but also amusing to solve a riddle. Here are some riddles. Try to solve them.
(ଗୋଲକ ଧନ୍ଦାଟିଏର ସମାଧାନ ବାହାର କରିବା କେବଳ କୌତୁକପ୍ରଦ ନୁହେଁ, ଚମକପ୍ରଦ ମଧ୍ଯ । ଏଠାରେ କେତେକ ଗୋଲକ ଧନ୍ଦା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସମାଧାନ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କର ।)

lam once in tea. (ମୁଁ ‘tea’ରେ ଥରୁଟିଏ ଅଛି ।)
Twice in coffee, ( ‘coffee’ (କଫି)ରେ ଦୁଇଥର ଅଛି ।)
But not in sugar. (କିନ୍ତୁ ‘sugar’ (ସୁଗାର)ରେ ନାହିଁ ।)
Who am I ? ( ତେବେ ମୁଁ କିଏ ? )
Answer:
‘e’ (English Alphabet)

I have a crown. (ମୋର ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁକୁଟ ଅଛି ।)
But I am not a king. (କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ରାଜା ନୁହେଁ ।)
I wake up early in the morning. (ମୁଁ ସକାଳେ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଉଠେ ।)
But I am not a watchman. (କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଜଗୁଆଳି ନୁହେଁ)
Answer:
Cock (କୁକୁର)

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Now let’s try another :
( ଆସ, ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଗୋଲକ ଧନ୍ଦା | ପ୍ରହେଳିକାର ସମାଧାନ କରିବା ।
“How can you make a rope of ashes ?
(ପାଉଁଶର ଦଉଡି଼ ତୁମେ କିପରି ତିଆରି କରିପାରିବ ?)

Not easy to answer? Don’t worry.
(ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା କ’ଣ ସହଜ ନୁହେଁ ? ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୁଅ ନାହିଁ ।)
Let’s read a story and get the answer.
(ଆସ ଆମେ ଆଉ ଏକ ଗପ ପାଠ କରିବା ଓ ଉତ୍ତର ଜାଣିବା ।)

Let’s read a story and get the answer.

II. While Reading
SGP- 1
Text
Read paragraphs 1-4 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(୧ମରୁ ୪ର୍ଥ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ପାଠକରି ନୀରବରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

In the good …………………………………………………………………………………….. no food at all.
ବହୁଦିନ ତଳେ ଜାପାନରେ ଜଣେ ଯୁବ କୃଷକ ତା’ର ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’ ସହିତ ରହୁଥିଲା । ‘ତାରୋ’ ନାମକ ଏହି ଯୁବ କୃଷକ ତା’ର ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’କୁ ଭାରି ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା । ଗାଁର ଅନ୍ୟ କୃଷକମାନଙ୍କ ପରି ‘ତାରୋ’ ମଧ୍ଯ ଧାନ, ଗହମ ଏବଂ ପନିପରିବା ଚାଷ କରୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ବେଶ୍ ସୁଖ-ଶାନ୍ତିରେ ରହୁଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ସବୁଦିନ ସମାନ ଯାଏନା । ଏକଦା ବର୍ଷା ଆଦୌ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ବର୍ଷା ଅଭାବରୁ ମରୁଡ଼ି ଆସିଲା । ବିଲବାଡ଼ିସବୁ ଫାଟି ଆଁ କଲା । କୂଅ-ପୋଖରୀରୁ ପାଣି ଶୁଖୁଲା । ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟର ଘୋର ଅଭାବ ଦେଖାଦେଲା । ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ମନରେ ଭୟର ଆତଙ୍କ ଖେଳିଗଲା । ସେମାନେ ଆଶଙ୍କା କଲେ ଆଉ କିଛି ଦିନ ପରେ ଆଦୌ ଖାଦ୍ୟଶସ୍ୟ ମିଳିବ ନାହିଁ ।

2. The headmand …………………………………………………………………………….. without water.”
ଗାଁର ମୁଖୁଆ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗ୍ରାମସଭା ଡାକି କହିଲେ ‘ଆମକୁ ଏ ସମସ୍ୟାର ସମାଧାନ ପାଇଁ କିଛି କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ ।’’ ଜଣେ କୃଷକ କହିଲା – ‘‘ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଲୋକ ଯେପରି କିଛି ନା କିଛି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ପାଇବେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଜଳ ବିନା କିଛି ବି ଉତ୍ପାଦନ ହୋଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ।’’

3. “I know ……………………………………………………………………………………… easier to get food.”
‘‘ମୁଁ ଜାଣେ, ଏହାର ଏକମାତ୍ର ସମାଧାନ ହେଉଛି ଆମ ସମସ୍ତ ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏ ଗାଁ ଛାଡ଼ି ପାଖରେ ଥ‌ିବା ପାହାଡ଼ତଳି ଅଞ୍ଚଳକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ହେବ । ମାତ୍ର ଯୁବ କୃଷକମାନେ ହିଁ ଏଇ ଗାଁରେ ରହିବେ ଯେହେତୁ ସେମାନେ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଏବଂ ଏଭଳି ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିନ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ଉନ୍ନତି ନିମନ୍ତେ ସେମାନେ ହିଁ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରି ସମସ୍ୟାର ସମାଧାନ କରିପାରିବେ । କିଛି ସମୟ ନୀରବତା ପରେ, ମୁଖୁ କହିଲେ ‘ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଷାଠିଏ ବର୍ଷରୁ ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ ସେମାନେ ଏ ଗାଁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯିବେ ସେହି ପାହାଡ଼ତଳି ଅଞ୍ଚଳକୁ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ କି ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଅକ୍ଳେଶରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପାଇବେ ।’’

4. All the families ………………………………………………………………….. her needs there.
ଗାଁର ସମସ୍ତ ପରିବାରବର୍ଗ ନିଜର ପ୍ରିୟ ବୁଢ଼ାଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୁଃଖରେ ବିଦାୟ ଦେଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଯାଇ ଗାଁ ପାଖ ପାହାଡ଼ତଳି ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ରହିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ‘ତାରୋ’ ଏପରି ବିଦାୟ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତକୁ ଆଦୌ ସହିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ କାରଣ ସେ ତା’ର ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’କୁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା । ସେ ତା’ର ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’କୁ ଘରର ପଛପଟେ ଥିବା ଏକ ମାଟିତଳ କୋଠରିରେ ଚୁପ୍‌ଚାପ୍ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲା । ସେ ସେହି ଜାଗାକୁ ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’ ପାଇଁ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପଠାଇଲା ଏବଂ ତା’ର ସମସ୍ତପ୍ରକାର ଯତ୍ନ ନେଲା ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Word Meaning
peace : the state of being clam and quite
rainfall : water falling in drops from vapour condensed in the atmosphere ( ବୃଷ୍ଟିପାତ)
drought : a long period of time when there is little or no rain (ଅନାବୃଷ୍ଟି | ମରୁଡ଼ି)
scarce : rare / deficient (ବିରଳ | ଦୁର୍ଲଭ)
headman : chief (ମୁଖ୍| ମୁଖ୍ୟବ୍ୟକ୍ତି)
worried : troubled / upset (ଚିନ୍ତିତ)
solve : to find a solution (ସମାଧାନ କରିବା )
problem : trouble (ସମସ୍ୟା)
grown : develop / mature
without : in absence of
solution : removal of doubt / problem (ସମାଧାନ)
improve : make better / correct
situation : condition / position (ଅବସ୍ଥା | ପରିସ୍ଥିତି)
easier : not difficult
farewell : taking leave / parting (ବିଦାୟ)
parting : separation (ଅଲଗା ହେବା | ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ)
attachment : affection / devotion (ସ୍ନେହ । ଆସକ୍ତି)
quietly : silently (ଚୁପ୍‌ଚାପ୍)
underground : under the surface of the ground (ଭୂଗର୍ଭ)
courtyard : an open space in front of a large house
supplied : provide (ଯୋଗାଇ ଦେବା)
look after : take care of (ଯତ୍ନ ନେବା)
needs : of necessity (ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା)

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who was Taro? Who lived with him?
(ତାରୋ କିଏ ? କିଏ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ରହୁଥିଲେ ? )
Answer:
Taro was a young farmer in Japan. Taro’s old grandmother lived with him.

Question 2.
What kind of life did Taro live?
(ତାରୋର ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ କିପରି ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Taro lived in peace and happiness by growing his own rice, wheat and vegetables.

Question 3.
What troubles came to the villagers?
(ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି କି ବିପଦ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା ?)
Answer:
Once there was no rainfall and the village was affected by drought. It dried the fields and wells which became a great trouble for villagers.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Question 4.
Who were forced to leave the village? Why?
(ଗ୍ରାମ ଛାଡ଼ିବାକୁ କିଏ ବାଧ୍ୟ ହେଲେ ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
All the old people above sixty were forced to leave the village because of a shortage of food.

Question 5.
Who stayed back in the village? Why?
(ଗ୍ରାମରେ କେଉଁମାନେ ରହିଲେ ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The young people stayed back in the village because they were strong and capable to work hard to improve the situation.

Question 6.
Was the village headman’s decision right?
(ଗ୍ରାମ ମୁଖୁଆଙ୍କ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଠିକ୍ ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, the village headman’s decision was right.

Question 7.
How did the young people feel when they said goodbye to their old parents and grandparents?
( ରଦ୍ଧ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ବିଦାୟ ଦେଲାବେଳେ ଯବପିଢୀ କିପରି ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The young people felt very sad when they said goodbye to their old parents and grandparents.

Question 8.
How would you feel if you were the young villager?
(ତମେ ମବ ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀ ହୋଇଥଲେ କିପରି ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତ ?)
Answer:
I would feel sad if I were a young villager.

Question 9.
Why did Taro not send his grandma with other old people?
( ତାରୋ ତା’ର ଜେଜେମା’ଙ୍କୁ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ସଙ୍ଗରେ କାହିଁକି ପଠାଇଦେଲା ? )
Answer:
Taro did not send his grandma with other old people because he was deeply attached to his dear grandmother.

Question 10.
What did he do with her?
(ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ କ’ଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
Taro did not send his grandmother to the mountain village. He quietly took her to an underground room at the back of the courtyard.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-2
SGP – 2
Read paragraphs 5-8 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(୫ମର ୮ମ ଅନଳେଦଟି ପାଠକରି ( ନୀରବରେ) ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

5. But troubles ……………………………………………………………………….. the food they needed.
କିନ୍ତୁ ସମସ୍ୟା ପରେ ସମସ୍ୟା ମାଡ଼ି ଆସିଲା । କିଛି ସପ୍ତାହପରେ, ଗାଁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଏକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସୂଚନା ଦେଲେ ଯାହାକି ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କର ଜାଣିବା ଦରକାର । ସୂଚନାଟି ପଡ଼ୋଶୀ ସହରର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ସେନାପତିଙ୍କର ଥୁଲା, ଯେ କି ଧମକ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ଯେ ଯଦି ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀ ସେ ପଠାଇଥବା ତିନୋଟି ଜଟିଳ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ନ ଦେଇପାରନ୍ତି, ତା’ ହେଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ଜମିର ଅର୍ଦ୍ଧେକ ନେଇଯିବେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଯଦି ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅନ୍ତି ତା’ହେଲେ ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀଙ୍କୁ ସେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ସମସ୍ତ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଯୋଗାଇଦେବେ ।

6. Taro quickly …………………………………………………………………….. remain on the water.”
‘ତାରୋ’ ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’କୁ ଜଟିଳ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ବିଷୟରେ କହିବାକୁ ଘରକୁ ଦୌଡ଼ିଲା, କାରଣ ସେ ଭାବିଲା, ଯଦି ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’ ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇଦେବେ, ତା’ ହେଲେ ମୁଖୁଆ ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’କୁ ଗାଁରେ ରହିବା ପାଇଁ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଅନୁମତି ଦେବେ । ‘ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’, ଶୁଣ, ଦୟାକରି ମନ ଦେଇ ଶୁଣ । ତୁମେ କହିପାରିବ କି ଗୋଟିଏ କାଠଗଣ୍ଡିର କେଉଁ ଅଂଶଟି ଅଗ୍ର ଭାଗର ଏବଂ କେଉଁ ଅଂଶଟି ମୂଳପାର୍ଶ୍ଵର ?’ ତାରୋ କହିଲା । ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ଆଖୁ ବନ୍ଦ କରି ଗଭୀର ଭାବରେ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ଆଖୁ ଖୋଲି ଲେ କହି ଲେ , ‘‘କାଠଗଣ୍ଡିଟିକୁ ପାଣିରେ ଭସାଇ ଦିଅ । ମୂଳ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵର ଅଂଶଟି ପାଣିରେ ବୁଡ଼ିଯିବ କିନ୍ତୁ ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗର ଅଂଶଟି ପାଣି ଉପରେ ଭାସିବ ।’’

Read paragraph 5-8 silently and answer the questions that follow.

7. Taro smiled with …………………………………………………………………….. said Taro.
‘ତାରୋ’ ଖୁସିରେ ନାଚି ଉଠିଲା । ଉତ୍ତରଟି ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ଠିକ୍ ହୋଇଥବ ଅନୁଭବ କରି ସେ ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଜଟିଳ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଟି ପଚାରିଲା, ‘ତୁମେ ପାଉଁଶରେ ଦଉଡ଼ି କେମିତି କରିପାରିବ, ବୁଢ଼ୀମା’ ?’’ ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ଆଖୁ ବନ୍ଦ କରି ଗଭୀର ଚିନ୍ତାମଗ୍ନ ହେବାରୁ ତାଙ୍କ କପାଳ ସଙ୍କୁଚିତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ସେ ଆଖ୍ ଖୋଲିଲେ ଓ କହିଲେ, ‘ଗୋଟିଏ ଶକ୍ତ ଦଉଡ଼ିଟି ନିଅ । ଏହାକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ ଲୁଣଦ୍ବାରା ବୋଳିଦିଅ, ଦଉଡ଼ିର ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ ନିଆଁ ଲଗାଇଦିଅ । ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଏହା ଇଞ୍ଚେ ଇଞ୍ଚେ ଜଳିଜଳିଯିବ ଏବଂ ଶେଷକୁ ଏହା ପାଉଁଶର କୁଣ୍ଡଳୀ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥବ । ‘‘ଓ, ବହୁତ ବଢ଼ିଆ । ତୁମେ ଅତି ଚମତ୍କାର ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ! ଏବେ, ମୁଁ ତୃତୀୟ ଜଟିଳ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଟି ପଚାରିପାରେ କି ?’’ ‘ତାରୋ’କହିଲା ।

8. “Go ahead, …………………………………………………………………. like my grandma !.”
“ ଆଗକୁ ବଢ଼, ମୁଁ ଦେଖେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇପାରୁଛି କି ନାହିଁ ।’? ‘‘ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ଏହା ହେଉଛି ଗୋଟିଏ ଶେଷ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ । ଗୋଟିଏ ଅଙ୍କାବଙ୍କା ନଳୀ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ପଶମ ସୂତାକୁ ପୂରାଇ ବାହାର କରିପାରିବ ?’’ ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ହସି ଉଠିଲେ । ‘ଏଇଟା ଅତି ସହଜ, ସୂତାକୁ ଧରି, ପିମ୍ପୁଡ଼ି ଗୋଡ଼ରେ ଏହାକୁ ବାନ୍ଧିଦିଅ । ନଳୀର ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁହଁରେ କିଛି ମହୁ ରଖିଦିଅ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ମୁହଁ ଭିତରେ ପିମ୍ପୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୁରାଇଦିଅ । ନଳୀଟି ଯେତେ ଅଙ୍କାବଙ୍କା ହୋଇ ଥାଉନା କାହିଁକି, ପିମ୍ପୁଡ଼ି ମହୁ ପାଇଁ ଯେକୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାରେ ଗୁରୁଣ୍ଡି ଗୁରୁଣ୍ଡି ସେ ମୁହଁ ପାଖରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଯିବ ।’’ ‘ସତରେ ମୋ ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ କେତେ ମହନୀୟ !’’

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Word Meaning
later : at a time in the future
notice : a small announcement/notification
put up : keep in front
warlord : a military leader who exercises civil power in a particular are when the Central Government is weak
threaten : to present a danger to something/someone
riddles : puzzle / a question that is difficult to understand and that has a surprising answer
allow : permit/grant
log : bulky unshaped wood
root : bottom/origin / part of plants that sucks in water
sink : fall below the surface of water
happiness : joy/pleasure
rope : twisted cord
ashes : powder residue left after fire
forehead : The part of face above eyes and below hair
creased : to make wrinkles on the skin
pour : cause to flow in a stream
superb : grand/superior / Magnificient
hollow : having a hole or empty space inside
crooked : bent or twisted
curved : having a round shape
hearty : cheerful and full of energy
thread : a long thin piece of cotton, silk, etc.
push : use arms or body to move forward
crawl : creep/move as a worm
wonderful : extraordinary/fantastic

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What did the warlord want the villagers to do?
(ସେନାପତି ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The warlord wanted the villagers to answer his three riddles otherwise he would take half of the village.

Question 2.
What was the warlord’s first riddle?
(ସେନାପତିଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ପ୍ରହେଳିକାଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The warlord’s first riddle was to know which part of a log is close to the top and which is closer to the root.

Question 3.
What was the grandmother’s answer to it?
(ଜେଜେମା’ ଏହାର କି ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Taro’s grandmother answered the first riddle. She suggested to float the log on water. The root part will sink and the upper part will float.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Question 4.
What was the second riddle?
(ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପ୍ରହେଳିକାଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The second riddle was to know the process of making a rope of ashes.

Question 5.
What was the right answer to it?
(ଏହାର ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରଟି କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
The right answer to the second riddle was to take a strong rope with salt poured over it. Then one end of the rope should be lighted which will bum it inch by inch and the coil of ashes will be left.

Question 6.
What was the third riddle?
(ତୃତୀୟ ପ୍ରହେଳିକାଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The third riddle was to know the process of passing a silk thread through a crooked and curved hollow pipe.

Question 7.
What was the answer?
(ଉତ୍ତରଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The old lady answered the third riddle with a hearty laugh. She advised to tie the thread to the leg of an ant and push it into the pipe keeping some honey at the other end.

Question 8.
When the grandma listened to the riddles she kept her eyes closed for some time. Why?
( ଜେଜେମା’ ପ୍ରହେଳିକା ଶୁଣିବା ସମୟରେ ନିଜର ଆଖି ବନ୍ଦ କରି ଦେଉଥିଲେ । କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Grandmother closed her eyes for sometime before giving answers to riddles beacuse she was trying to find a suitable answer to the riddles.

Question 9.
What would have happened to the people in the mountain village?
(ପାହାଡୀ ଗ୍ରାମରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥା କ’ଣ ହୋଇଥା’ନ୍ତା ? )
Answer:
The people in the mountain village would have got sufficient food to eat, but they would have suffered the sorrow of separation from their families.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-3
SGP – 3
Read paragraphs 9- 11 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(୯ମ ଠାରୁ ଏକାଦଶ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନୀରବରେ ପାଠକରି ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

9. Taro was thrilled ……………………………………………………………………………… answered all of them.”
‘ତାରୋ’ ଖୁସିରେ ଆତ୍ମହରା ହୋଇଗଲା । ସେ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ତାଳିମାରି ଡେଇଁପଡ଼ିଲା । ‘ମୁଁ ଭାଗ୍ୟବାନ୍ , ଏଭଳି ବିଜ୍ଞ ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ପାଇଛି ।’’ ଏହି କଥା କହିକହି ସେ ଗାଁ ମୁଖ୍ଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଦୌଡ଼ିଲା । ମୁଖୁଆଙ୍କୁ ସେ ଉତ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜଣାଇଲା ଏବଂ ମୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହାସବୁ ଠିକ୍ ବୋଲି ଏକମତ ହେଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ଗାଁରେ ଏଭଳି ଏକ ଜ୍ଞାନୀ ଯୁବକ ଅଛି ଜାଣି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅତି ଆନନ୍ଦିତ ହେଲେ । ‘ନା’ ଆଜ୍ଞା, ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା ଲୋକ ମୁଁ ନୁହେଁ ।’’ ତାରେ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ନୁଆଁଇ ବିନମ୍ରଭାବରେ କହିଲା । ‘ସେ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ମୋର ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ଯିଏ ସମସ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ।’’

10. The headman was full ……………………………………………………………………. saved the village.
ସମସ୍ତ ବୃଦ୍ଧଲୋକଙ୍କ ଅଦରକାରୀ ଭାବିଥିବାରୁ ମୂଖୁଆଙ୍କର ମନ ଅନୁଶୋଚନା ଓ ଲଜ୍ଜାରେ ପରିପୃଷ୍ଠ ହୋଇଗଲା । ସେ ‘ତାରୋ’କୁ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ବହୁତ ଉପହାର ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ଗ୍ରାମର ସମସ୍ତ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ଏକତ୍ରିତ କରି ଯାହାଙ୍କର ବିଜ୍ଞତା ଓ ବିଚାରଶୀଳତା ପାଇଁ ଗ୍ରାମ ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇପାରିଲା, ସେହି ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ମାନିତ
କଲେ ।

11. The same day …………………………………………………………… Taro’s grandmother.
ସେହିଦିନ ହିଁ ମୁଖ୍ୟା ଗ୍ରାମର ସମସ୍ତ ବୃଦ୍ଧବୃଦ୍ଧାମାନଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ମାନଜନକ ଭାବରେ ଫେରାଇ ଆଣିବା ପାଇଁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ସେଠାରେ ଆରାମ ଓ ଆନନ୍ଦଦାୟକ ଜୀବନ ଅତିବାହିତ କଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ବର୍ଷା ହେଲା ଏବଂ କୂଅଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜଳରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଜମିରେ ଭଲ ଫସଲ ହେଲା ଏବଂ ଗ୍ରାମଟି ପୁଣିଥରେ ସମୃଦ୍ଧିଶାଳୀ ହୋଇଗଲା, ଏସବୁ ତାରୋର ବୁଢ଼ୀ ମା’ ପାଇଁ ସମ୍ଭବ ହେଲା ।

Word Meaning
thrilled : very excited and pleased, very much happy
rushed : moved fast
pleased : delighted / feel happy
humbly : in a modest way
bowing : bending the head down
remorse : a feeling of guilt, regret

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Comprehension Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The village headman was full of shame and repentance. Why?
(ଗ୍ରାମର ମୁଖୁ ଲଜ୍ଜା ଓ ପରିତାପରେ ରହିଲେ । କାହିଁକି ? )
Answer:
The village headman was full of shame and repentance because he had thought all the old people useless.

Question 2.
How did he deal with Taro and his grandmother?
(ସେ ତାରୋ ଓ ତା’ର ଜେଜେମା’ ସହିତ କି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The village headman thanks Taro and gifted him handsomely. He also gladly honoured Taro’s grandmother in a gathering of villagers.

Question 3.
Why did he reward them?
(ସେ କାହିଁକି ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ପୁରସ୍କୃତ କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The village headman reward both Taro and his grandmother because Taro’s decision and the wisdom of the old lay had saved the village.

Question 4.
What did he do with the old people?
(ସେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
He ordered to bring back all the old people to the village with respect and allow them to live in comfort and happiness.

Question 5.
What happened with the old people returning to the village?
(ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକମାନେ ଗ୍ରାମକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିବା ପରେ କ’ଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
When the old people returned to the village, it rained and all the wells were filled. The land became fertile again and the villagers lived happily.

Session-4
III. Post-Reading

1. Visual Memory Development Technique (VMDT)

Whole Text : Taro’s life, drought, old people driven out, warlords riddles answers, Taro and grandma, honored, old men returned, happy and peaceful life restored
Part : Paragraph 2 – Taro with grandma in the village, no rainfall, old people moved to the nearby mountain

2. Comprehension Activity
(a) MCQs (Choose the correct alternatives and complete each sentence.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Question 1.
Taro lived happily with his ______________________.
(A) father
(B) grandfather
(C) mother
(D) grandmother
Answer:
(D) grandmother

Question 2.
The village headman ordered the old people to move to the nearby ________________.
(A) hillside
(B) lakeside
(C) mountainside
(D) roadside
Answer:
(C) mountainside

Question 3.
Taro hid his grandmother in _________________________.
(A) an old building
(B) an underground room
(C) a farmhouse
(D) a grain store
Answer:
(B) an underground room

Question 4.
The ___________________ set three riddles for the villagers.
(A) warlord
(B) landlord
(C) judge
(D) king
Answer:
(A) warlord

Question 5.
The ___________________ answered all the riddles.
(A) village headman
(B) old villagers
(C) Taro
(D) Taro’s grandmother
Answer:
(D) Taro’s grandmother

(b) Match the SGPs with their main ideas.

Match the SGPs with their main ideas.

Answer:

Match the SGPs with their main ideas Answers

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-5
3. Listening

Listen to your teacher reading out the paragraph.
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଟିକୁ ପାଠ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଣ ।)

Fill in the gaps while listening. (Question with Answer)
(ଶୁଣିବା ସମୟରେ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

Listen to your teacher reading out the paragraph.
Answer:
“That’s easy. Take the thread, tie the leg of an ant to the thread, put some honey at one end of the pipe and push the ant from the other end. The ant is sure to crawl through for the honey at the other end, however crooked or curved the pipe may be.”

4. Speaking

Here are some dialogues of the conversation between Taro and his grandmother. Practice them.

Steps for practice
1. Rehearsal – teacher reads aloud, students listen. Teacher reads aloud and students repeat after him / her dialogue by dialogue.
2. Teacher vs. Students
3. Students vs. students (in two groups) (They do this reading from the Text)
Taro : Grandma, listen. Please listen carefully.
Grandmother : Yes.
Taro : Can you please solve a riddle for me ?
Grandmother : Yes, with pleasure.
Taro : Can you tell which part of a log is closer to the top and which part is closer to the root ?
Grandmother : (Closes her eyes for a moment and says) Float the log on water. The part closer to the root will sink, but the part closer to the top will float.
Taro : Thank you. A second question for you : How can you make a rope of ashes ?
Grandmother : Hum…m… Well, take a strong rope. Pour salt all over the rope. Light one end of it. It’ll bum slowly inch by inch and what’s left at the end is the coil of ashes.
Taro : Wow ! That’s great! You’re superb, grandma ! So, can I ask my last question ?
Grandmother : Go ahead. Let me see if I can.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-6
5. Vocabulary
(a) Read the clues and find the words in the story. Figures in brackets indicate the paragraph numbers. (Question with Answer)

Read the clues and find the words in the story. Figures in brackets indicate the paragraph numbers

Answer:
Read the clues and find the words in the story. Figures in brackets indicate the paragraph numbers Answer

(b) Riddle Game
Match the riddles with

Match the riddles with

Answer:
Riddle Game Answers

(c) Write some riddles. One is done for you. Ask friends/class to solve your riddles.

Write some riddles. One is done for you. Ask friends class to solve your riddles.

Answer:
Write some riddles. One is done for you. Ask friends class to solve your riddles Answers

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Session-7
6. Writing
Write answers to the following questions.

Question (i)
Why did the crops fail?
Answer:
Once there was no rain. Ponds and wells dried up. A drought came. It dried all wells and fields. So the crops became scarce.

Question (ii)
Why did the village headman send all the old people out of the village?
Answer:
There is a drought in the village. So the village headman sent all the old people out of the village to live in a mountainside where they can easily get food.

Question (iii)
Why were the young people not sent out?
Answer:
The young people were not sent out because they were strong and could work hard to improve the situation after the drought.

Question (iv)
What did Taro do with her grandmother?
Answer:
Taro did not send her grandmother with other old people. He hid her in an underground room and took care of her as he loved her ‘ deeply.

Question (v)
What did the warlord want the villagers to do?
Answer:
The warlord wanted the villagers to answer his three riddles, otherwise, he threatened to take half of the land of the village.

Question (vi)
What was the warlord’s first riddle?
Answer:
The warlord’s first riddle was to tell which part of a log is closer to the top and which is closer to the root.

Question (vii)
What was the grandmother’s answer to it?
Answer:
The grandmother advised floating the log on water. The part which sinks is the root part and the floating part is the top.

Question (viii)
What was his second riddle?
Answer:
The second riddle was how to make a rope of ashes.

Question (ix)
What was its answer?
Answer:
The answer to the second riddle was to pour salt over a strong rope and then put it on fire. After the rope is burnt, the remainings will be a coil of ashes.

Question (x)
What was his third riddle?
Answer:
The third riddle was to know how to pass a silk thread through a crooked and curved hollow pipe.

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Question (xi)
What was its right answer?
Answer:
The right answer was to tie the thread to the leg of an ant. At one end of the pipe, some honey should be kept and the ant should be pushed through from the other end.
It will crawl through for honey and carry the thread.

Question (xii)
How did the village headman feel when he knew about the grandmother’s role?
Answer:
The village headman was ashamed and he regretted for his idea that all old people were useless.

Question (xiii)
What did he do for Taro and his grandmother?
Answer:
He thanked Taro and gave him many gifts. He also honored Taro’s grandmother for her wisdom which saved the village.

Question (xiv)
What happened after the old people returned?
Answer:
When all the old people returned to the village. It rained and all the wells were filled. The land became fertile again.

Session-8
7. Mental Talk

Old is gold.
We owe a lot of our elders in the first place. So elderly people must be taken care of.

Tail-Piece

It is the age-old experience and wisdom of our elderly people that counts much. You got to know it from the story “A Wise Grandmother.” Let’s read another story and see what it tells.
(ଏହାହିଁ ବୟସ୍କ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର ଦୀର୍ଘ ବର୍ଷର ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତା ଏବଂ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମତ୍ତା ଯାହାର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ରହିଛି । “A Wise Grandmother” ( ଜଣେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମତୀ ଆଈମା’) କାହାଣୀରୁ ତୁମେ ଏହା ଜାଣିଲ । ଆସ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ କାହାଣୀ ପାଠ କରିବା ଏବଂ ଏହା କ’ଣ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦିଏ, ଜାଣିବା ।)

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

The Land Without Old Men
Long long ago, ………………………………………………………………………… all old people.

ଅନେକ ଦିନ ପୂର୍ବେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶୀତପ୍ରଧାନ ଦେଶର ଯୁବକମାନେ ସମସ୍ତ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ମାରି ଦେବାକୁ ମନସ୍ଥ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଭାବିଲେ ଧଳା ଦାଢ଼ିରେ ସେମାନେ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଦିନ ବଞ୍ଚିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା କ’ଣ ? ସେମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ସମୟ ଓ ଜୀବନ ବିତାଇ ସାରିଛନ୍ତି । ‘‘କିନ୍ତୁ ଆମେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରୁ’’, ଜଣେ ଲୋକ କହିଲେ ଯିଏ ଯୁବକ ବା ବୁଢ଼ା ନ ଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ରାଜା ଯୁବକ ଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେବା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅସୁବିଧା ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ ଯେ ଯେଉଁମାନେ ୫୦ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ମାରି ଦିଆଯିବ । ତେଣୁ ଅକେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ବୃଦ୍ଧିଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ମାରି ଦିଆଗଲା ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଅନେକ ଜ୍ଞାନର ସମାପ୍ତ ଘଟିଲା ।

ଜଣେ ଯୁବକ ତାଙ୍କ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ପିତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ଦୟା ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲେ । ଯାହା ହେଲେ ବି ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ପାଇଁ ବାପାଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଋଣୀ ଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାଟିତଳେ ଗୁପ୍ତ କୋଠରିରେ ଲୁଚାଇ ରଖୁଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କର ଯତ୍ନ ନେଲେ । ସମୟ ଗଡିଚାଲିଲା ଏବଂ କିଛିଦିନ ପରେ ଏକ ଭୟଙ୍କର ମରଡ଼ି ପଡ଼ିଲା । ଯୁବକମାନେ ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରକାର ଅସୁବିଧାକୁ ସାମ୍ନା କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସମସ୍ୟା ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ବଢ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ବରଫ ତରଳିଗଲା ଏବଂ ବସନ୍ତ ଋତୁ ଆସିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମଧ୍ୟ ଶସ୍ୟ ମାଟିରେ ପୋତିବା ପାଇଁ ନ ଥିଲା ।

The Land Without Old Men

ଗୁପ୍ତ କୋଠରିରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବୃଦ୍ଧଲୋକ ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅକୁ ସୁବବେଳେ ଅସୁଖୀ ଥ‌ିବାର ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଦିନେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅକୁ ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ଅଛ କି ? ପୁଅ । ତୁମ ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ସବୁ ବିଷୟରେ କୁହ । ସେ ତୁମକୁ ହୁଏତ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରନ୍ତି ।’’ ପୁଅ ତାଙ୍କୁ ମୂଳରୁ ଶେଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସମସ୍ତ ସମସ୍ୟା ବିଷୟରେ କହିଲା । ବୃଦ୍ଧ କିଛି ସମୟ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ କହିଲେ, ‘ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାହାକୁ କିଛି କୁହ ନାହିଁ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଶେଷ ବରଫଖଣ୍ଡ ସବୁ ତରଳିଯିବ, ତୁମର ହଳ ଲଙ୍ଗଳ ନିଅ ଏବଂ ଘର ସାମ୍ନା ଗଳିକୁ ଚାଷ କରିଦିଅ ।’’ଯେତେବେଳେ ବସନ୍ତ ଋତୁ ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ବରଫ ତରଳିଗଲା, ବାପାଙ୍କ କଥା ମୁତାବକ ପୁଅ କାମ କଲା ଏବଂ ସେ କ’ଣ ଦେଖିଲା ? ବସନ୍ତର ବର୍ଷା ପରେ ମାଟି ଭିତରୁ ଗହମ, ମକା, ଯଅ, ଯବ ଏପରିକି ଶିମ୍ବ ଓ ମଟରଜାତୀୟ ଶସ୍ୟ ଗଛ ମାଟିରୁ ଗଜା ହେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ଏହି ଖବର ସାରା ଦେଶରେ ବ୍ୟାପିଗଲା । ମାଟିରେ ଶସ୍ୟ ନ ବୁଣି ଶସ୍ୟ ଉଠିବା କଥା କେହି କେବେ ଶୁଣି ନ ଥିଲେ । ରାଜା ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକଥା ଶୁଣିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେହି ବାଳକକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ସାମ୍ନାକୁ ଆଣିବାକୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ।

‘ତୁମେ କ’ଣ କଲ ଏବଂ କିପରି ଏହା କଲ ?’’ରାଜା ସହସା ସେ ବିଷୟରେ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କଲେ ଏବଂ ଭୟରେ ବାଳକଟି ସତ୍ୟ କଥା କହିଦେଲା । ‘ତୁମ ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ଏଠାକୁଆଣ,’’ ରାଜା ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ‘‘ତୁମେ କିପରି ଜାଣିଲ ଯେ ଘର ସାମ୍ନାରେ ମଞ୍ଜି ସବୁ ରହିଛି ?’’ ରାଜା ପଚାରିଲେ ‘‘ମହାରାଜା, ଟିକିଏ ଚିନ୍ତା କରନ୍ତୁ । ଲୋକେ ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତ୍ରରୁ ଘରକୁ ଶସ୍ୟ ଆଣିବାବେଳେ କେତେକ ଶସ୍ୟ ବିଜ୍ଞ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ରାଜକୀୟ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦିଆଗଲା । ସେ ସାରା ଦେଶର ଜୀବନ ରକ୍ଷା କରିଥିଲେ । ସେହଦିନଠାରୁ ସେମାନେ ସମସ୍ତ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ମାନ ଦେଲେ ।

BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 3 A Wise Grandmother

Word Meaning
melt : to make or become a liquid by heating
pass away : die
reward : something given in return of good work
royal : relating to a king or a queen or their family
terrible : making frightened, unpleasant
wisdom : the quality of being wise