Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Chapter 5 The Cancer Fight, from Hiroshima to Houston Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Chapter 5 The Cancer Fight, from Hiroshima to Houston
CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Cancer Fight, from Hiroshima to Houston Text Book Questions and Answers
UNIT -I
Gist with Glossary:
Gist:
The writer takes us to her native Hiroshima in 1945 when it was completely destroyed by the atomic bomb explosion. Its long-term effects resulted in the deaths of about half of her relatives. Her father was also not spared. This tragedy evoked both her fascination with and her dread of radiation. The early death of her very dear friend Sadako Sasaki as a result of radiation-linked blood cancer or bone marrow made her take an oath to become a cancer doctor.
Today Dr. Komaki as the clinical chief and Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre in Houston is one of the world’s distinguished researchers and advocates of proton radiation beam therapy with which radiation-related cancer patients are treated. Private hospitals are not suitable for the treatment of these patients on trial, because they lack adequate manpower, qualitative review boards, and maintenance of strict quality control of treatment. Komaki’s motto is to educate students, trainees, and patients to focus on living healthy lives. Besides, she wants to inspire them to reach their goal to help others.
Glossary:
exploded : shattered violently (ବିସ୍ଫୋରଣ ହେଲା)
devastated : completely destroyed (ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣରୂପେ ଧ୍ବଂସ କରିଦେଲା)
fascination : charm (ଆକର୍ଷଣ)
leukemia : a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow (ଏକପ୍ରକାର କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ)
sophisticated: advanced (ଆଧୁନିକ)
oncologist : a doctor who treats cancer (କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ)
review : a formal assessment of something to institute necessary changes (ତର୍ଜମା)
compliance : action according to standard (ମାନାନୁସାରୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ)
innovators : those who introduces new thoughts (ନବ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶକ)
achieve : fulfil (ହାସଲ କରିବା)
goal : objective (ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ)
Think it out:
Question 1.
How did Hiroshima become a part of world history?
Answer:
Hiroshima became a part of world history during the final stages of World War II in 1945 when America dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Many lives were lost. Innumerable people suffered from cancer of the blood or bone marrow. The city was completely destroyed.
Question 2.
What are the three traumatic events of Ritsuko’s childhood?
Answer:
The three traumatic events of Ritsuko’s childhood were the atomic bomb explosion on her native city Hiroshima in 1945, the deaths of about half her relatives, including her father and the death of her most intimate friend Sadako Sasaki at the age as a result of radiation-related blood cancer.
Question 3.
What were the results of these experiences for Ritsuko?
Answer:
The results of these experiences for Ritsuko were her vow to become a cancer doctor. Her dream came true and she became a famous cancer specialist.
Question 4.
What is Dr. Komaki’s specialization?
Answer:
Dr. Komaki’s specialization was the application of radiation creatively in the treatment of cancer.
Question 5.
What is she famous for?
Answer:
She is famous as one of the world’s leading researchers and advocates of proton radiation beam therapy.
Question 6.
How do oncologists view proton radiation beam therapy?
Answer:
Oncologists view proton radiation beam therapy as the safest and most effective.
Question 7.
Why does she prefer to work at a university?
Answer:
She prefers to work in a university because she can do her work much better in the backdrop of a university program that is not available at private institutions.
Question 8.
Do you think she likes to teach? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Yes, she likes to teach, because she is interested to share her knowledge with future scientists who introduce new ideas of things.
Question 9.
What is she more interested in research and patient care or money? Why do you think so?
Answer:
She is more interested in research and patient care than money. Her focus on proton radiation therapy to treat cancer patients, her keen interest in sharing her knowledge with future innovators, and her desire to create awareness among all sorts of people concerning healthy lives splendidly exemplify this fact.
Question 10.
What is her mission in life?
Answer:
Her mission in life is to educate younger people – students, trainees, and patients to lead healthy lives and achieve their objective to help others.
Question 11.
Explain the meaning of this expression : (she) no longer fears it.
Answer:
The atomic bomb explosion in her native city was devastating. It resulted in the loss of innumerable lives including his relatives and father. They all died of radiation-related cancer. Komaki was shocked. Later, he learned the technique of applying radiation in an innovative manner and hence no longer fears it.
UNIT – II
Gist with Glossary:
Gist:
This unit begins with the definition of proton therapy. It is a form of treatment that damages and eventually destroys cancerous cells of the exact spot of the affected tumor with the help of charging particles. There is a difference between proton therapy and photon therapy; the latter is not as good as the former. Proton therapy is confined to a particular area. It is powerful too. Photon therapy, in spite of killing cancerous cells, has side effects. It leads to an increase in secondary cancer. Proton therapy plays a great role in striking specific tumors precisely. It results in the minimization of injury to other organs.
Besides, photons (X-rays) emit 90 percent of their cancer-fighting energy, as they pierce the skin. But their utility is lost by 40 percent. Proton therapy is more effective for patients who suffer from prostate cancer. Proton therapy is used for those whose localized cancer has not affected the distant parts of the body. It has a great effect on children in particular. Proton therapy also helps the elderly, because their excessively weak skin cannot resist the power of radiation therapy. Komaki’s patients think that proton therapy is fabulous because they can tolerate it more easily than photon treatment.
Glossary :
ionizing : charging (ଚାର୍ଜିତ)
tumor : a swelling part of body caused by an abnormal growth of tissue
ultimately : eventually (ଘଟଣାକ୍ରମେ )
radiation therapy : treatment of cancer by using radiation (ବିକିରଣଦ୍ବାରା ଚିକିତ୍ସା)
dosage : medicinal dose (ଔଷଧର ମାତ୍ରା)
hits : affects (କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ କରେ)
toxicity : the quality of being poisonous (ବିଷାକ୍ତ)
reduce : minimize (କମାଇ ଦେବା)
specific : particular (ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ )
precisely : exactly (ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟଭାବେ)
in addition : besides (ଏଥ୍ ସହିତ)
feasible : viable (ଫଳପ୍ରଦଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବାର ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ)
penetrate : go deep (ପ୍ରବେଶ କରେ)
further : any more (ପୁନର୍ବାର)
calibrated : measured (ପରିମାପ କରାଗଲେ )
efficacy : effectiveness (ସଫଳତା)
simultaneously : at the same time (ଏକସମୟରେ)
collateral damage : injury to other organs (ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଅଙ୍ଗର କ୍ଷତି)
withstand : resist (ସହ୍ୟ କରିବା)
stresses : emphasizes (ଜୋର୍ ଦେବା)
fabulous : very great (ଖୁବ୍ ବେଶି )
amazing : astonishing (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟକର)
tolerate : bear (ସହ୍ୟ କରିବା)
Think it out:
Question 1.
What is proton therapy?
Answer:
Proton therapy refers to the treatment of cancer by focusing charging particles on the exact tumor-affected spot to damage and eventually destroy its cancerous cells.
Question 2.
What are the damaging side effects of photon therapy?
Answer:
The damaging side effects of photon therapy are pneumonitis, esophagitis, and poisonous bone marrow. It also contributes to the growth of secondary cancers.
Question 3.
What are the advantages of proton therapy over photon therapy?
Answer:
The advantages of proton therapy are better in comparison to photon therapy, because of its confinement only to the affected part of the body, no side effects, and reduction in the destruction of other organs.
Question 4.
Do you think proton therapy is more effective at certain stages of cancer?
Answer:
Yes, I think proton therapy is more effective for prostate cancer.
Question 5.
For what stage of cancer is proton therapy the most useful?
Answer:
Proton therapy is the most useful for those whose localized cancer has not affected the distant parts of the body.
Question 6.
For which age groups is proton therapy the best? Why?
Answer:
Proton therapy is the best both for children and the elderly, because, it causes little, if any, injury to the former’s still-growing tissues and organs surrounding the tumors. In the same way, it helps the elderly because tissues and organs surrounding their tumors are very weak to resist usual radiation treatment.
Question 7.
Why do her patients think proton therapy is fabulous?
Answer:
Komaki’s patients think that proton therapy is fabulous because this treatment itself makes them seldom sick. Besides, it is astonishing, they can tolerate it easily in comparison to photon treatment.
UNIT-III
Gist with Glossary
Gist:
In the course of her externship, internship, residency, and fellowship in Milwaukee, Komaki came to know the importance of radiation in the treatment of cancer. Besides, she learned that localized radiation therapy was not so harmful as chemotherapy. In 1985, she along with Cox set out to Newyork to work with Dr. Eric Hall, who was, at that time, a renowned global authority on the effects of the atomic bomb on human beings. In 1988, she spent years of research work in this field at UT M.D. Anderson. Proton therapy started in 1954.
The Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory in partnership with Massachusetts General Hospital started treating cancer patients. The necessary technology was very costly. Therefore, the treatment did not go beyond the physics research lab until 1990. The first hospital-based program commenced with the opening of the Proton Treatment Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center in southern California. Their keen interest in proton therapy and the relentless effects of having a similar unit at UT M.D. Anderson, Huston at last bore fruit.
Now there are many such centers established in America. Today Komaki and her colleagues treat thoracic malignancies, at least 10 to 15 patients every day. Proton therapy continues for about seven weeks. In Komaki’s view, they have a long way to go. She opines that proton therapy is very important so far as the future of cancer care is concerned. She is hopeful to make the patients more comfortable by destroying cancer cells, but not killing normal cells. They can lead a normal life during treatments. Dr. Ritsuko Komaki and her colleagues at UT M.D. Anderson will be a leader in this field in the future.
Glossary :
viable : possible (ସମ୍ଭାବ୍ୟ)
chemotherapy: treatment of cancer using chemical substances
scattered: spread throughout
leading : famous (ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବା ବିଖ୍ୟାତ)
commence: start or begin (ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା)
expensive : costly (ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ)
intrigued : interested to know more (ଅଧୁକ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ)
begin to push: to try their best
paid off : rewarded (ପୁରସ୍କୃତ ହେଲେ)
dosimetrists: experts in the dosage of
radiation scanning: cause a beam to traverse across a surface
secondary malignancy: a cancer that arises in the background of another malignancy
at the forefront: in the lead (ମୁଖ୍ୟ, ଆଗୁଆ)
Think it out:
Question 1.
What different kinds of therapies were used for treating cancer before the use of proton therapy?
Answer:
Different kinds of therapies such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and photon theory were used for treating cancer before proton therapy.
Question 2.
What did Komaki initially learn about treating cancer?
Answer:
Komaki initially learned that surgery was the only possible method for treating cancer.
Question 3.
What did she learn about cancer treatment in the USA?
Answer:
In the U.S.A., she learned how radiation therapy was meant for cancer treatment.
Question 4.
What two things did Komaki learn about radiation?
Answer:
During her stay in the U.S.A., she learned that localized radiation treatment was not so harmful as chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Besides, she was aware of an important thing – it was quite different from radiation therapy.
Question 5.
How did Komaki and her husband start proton therapy at Anderson Cancer Center?
Answer:
Proton therapy research in the Proton Treatment Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center in southern California greatly interested Komaki and her husband. They visited Loma Linda to try their best to open a similar unit at UT M.D. Anderson in Houston. Their efforts were rewarded in 2006. The $ 125 million Proton Therapy Centre came into existence paving the way for a complete range of proton treatments.
Question 6.
When did proton therapy first start?
Answer:
Proton therapy was first started in 1954.
Question 7.
What is Komaki’s opinion on proton therapy?
Answer:
In Komaki’s opinion, proton therapy is of great importance to the future of cancer care. The patients, she views, can lead a normal life during treatments.
Post-Reading Activities:
Doing with words :
We can know the meanings of words by looking up a dictionary and finding out how a word had been used in a text. In a dictionary, words come in alphabetical order. The main word is called the headword. However, we should try to guess the meanings of words first from the context. That is the best way to learn new words.
(a) Match each word with its definition. Go back to the text for clues.
(b) Then, put the headwords in alphabetical order.
Answer:
(a)
(b)
CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Cancer Fight, from Hiroshima to Houston Important Questions and Answers
I. Short Answer Type Questions with Answers
1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Dr. Ritsuko Komaki was living with her family near Osaka when the atomic bomb exploded on her native Hiroshima in 1945. But the family returned to the devastated city when she was four, and Komaki grew up a witness to the long-term effects, which likely contributed heavily to the death of about half her relatives, including her father. Like many Japanese, she developed both a fascination with and fear of radiation. When her close friend Sadako Sasaki died at age 11 of radiation-related leukemia, Komaki vowed to become a cancer doctor.
Today, Dr. Komaki has learned how to apply radiation creatively and no longer fears it; instead, as clinical section chief and Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, she uses it in increasingly sophisticated ways to fight cancer. She is one of the world’s leading researchers and advocates of proton radiation beam therapy, an emerging treatment that many oncologists consider the safest and most effective available.
And according to Komaki, her work is much better done in the context of a university program than at private institutions. “Our patients, including all of our proton patients, are treated under clinical trials,” which monitor results on large numbers of patients, she points out. “It’s difficult to treat patients on trials at private hospitals or clinics. They don’t have enough manpower, and they don’t have review boards that can check on compliance of eligibility and maintain strict quality control of treatment.
This means patients get better care here.” Recently awarded the Juan A. del Regato Foundation Gold Medal for best educator and teacher, the higher education setting also allows Dr. Komaki to share her knowledge with future innovators. “I try always to educate younger people – students and trainees, as well as patients – to live healthy lives and achieve their goal to help others.”
Questions :
(i) Why did Komaki take an oath to become a cancer doctor?
(ii) Name the university Dr. Komaki is working at now as clinical section chief and Program Director of thoracic Radiation Oncology.
(iii) “……….. which monitor results on large numbers of patients ”. What does the word ‘which’ refer to?
(iv) Why has she been recently awarded the Juan A. del Regato Foundation Gold Medal?
(v) What helps Dr. Komaki share her knowledge with future innovators?
Answers :
(i) Komaki took an oath to become a cancer doctor because her intimate friend Sadako Sasaki died of radiation-related leukemia when she was only 11.
(ii) The university Dr. Komaki is working at now as clinical section chief and Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology is The University of Texas.
(iii) The word ‘which’ refers to the clinical trials meant for the treatment of all radiation-linked cancer patients.
(iv) She has been recently awarded the Juan A. del Regato Foundation Gold Medal for best educator and teacher.
(v) The higher education background helps Dr. Komaki share her knowledge with future innovators.
2. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Proton therapy, like other forms of radiation, aims ionizing particles (in this case, protons) onto a target tumor to damage and ultimately destroy its cancerous cells. But proton beams are much more localized and powerful than the X-rays used in more established radiation therapies. In the latter, the dosage is big enough to kill the cancerous cells, but some radiation also hits the healthy cells around the tumor. This can cause such side effects as pneumonitis, esophagitis, and bone marrow toxicity, or lead to the growth of secondary cancers.
To reduce damage to healthy tissues by a scattered dose of low radiation, the oncologist requires sharply delineated radiation, and proton beams are shaped to almost perfectly match the specific tumor and aimed to strike it precisely. Collateral damage is thus minimal, making it feasible to hit cancer with much bigger doses. In addition, photons (X-rays) release up to 90 percent of their cancer-fighting energy as they penetrate the skin, and lose 30 percent of it by the time they reach the tumor.
Meaning their overall effectiveness is reduced by 40 percent; they also exit out the rear of the tumor to further damage healthy tissues behind it. By controlling the speed with which it is shot into the body, the proton beam is calibrated to be at 30 percent of its maximum efficacy near the skin level while gathering full strength when it actually reaches the tumor and it barely exits the body at all.
Questions :
(i) ‘In the latter, the dosage is big enough to kill the cancer cells ….’ What does ‘the latter’ refer to?
(ii) What can be instrumental in the growth of secondary cancers?
(iii) “…………. as they penetrate the skin ” What does ‘they’ refer to?
(iv) What happens when they go into the skin?
(v) Give a suitable title to the extract.
Answers :
(i) ‘The latter’ refers to the X-rays used in more well-known radiation therapies.
(ii) When X-rays are used in radiation therapy, some radiation is likely to hit the healthy cells around the tumor, they can be instrumental in the growth of secondary cancers.
(iii) ‘They’ refers to photons (X-rays) that release up to 90 percent of their cancer-fighting energy as they pierce the skin.
(iv) When they go into the skin, photons lose 30 percent of their cancer¬fighting energy by the time they reach the tumor.
(v) Proton therapy and its advantages.
3. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Komaki says the treatment is most recommended for those whose localized cancer has not spread to distant parts of the body. The success rate against prostate cancer, for example, is around 90 to 95 percent. But proton therapy succeeds against many of the 130 known forms of cancer. A recent study led by Komaki and her husband Dr. James Cox, Head of the division of Radiation Oncology at UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, shows that proton therapy, when used simultaneously with chemotherapy to treat lung cancer, causes significantly less damage to surrounding healthy cells than other forms of radiation.
It’s also particularly effective for children, because it causes little if any, collateral damage to their still-growing tissues and organs. Likewise, the elderly are strong candidates because tissues and organs surrounding their tumors are often too weak to withstand the more commonly employed radiation treatments. Dr. Komaki also stresses that the side effects are minimal, noting one patient who played a round of golf following each of his daily outpatient treatments. “Patients think this is fabulous,” she says. “You know why? They rarely get sick from proton treatment itself! ‘Are you sure you’re giving me the treatment ?’ they ask. It’s amazing how much proton treatment they can tolerate compared to photon treatment.”
Questions :
(i) For whom is the proton therapy recommended?
(ii) Who is Dr. James Cox?
(iii) “It’s also particularly effective for children.” What does ‘it’ refer to?
(iv) What does the expression ‘collateral damage’ mean?
(v) What, according to the cancer patients, is quite astonishing?
Answers :
(i) Proton therapy is recommended for those whose localized cancer has not affected other distant parts of the body.
(ii) Dr. James Cox is the Head of the division of Radiation Oncology at UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. He is the husband of Dr. Komaki.
(iii) ‘It’ refers to proton therapy.
(iv) The expression ‘collateral damage’ refers to/means an injury caused to the patient’s other organs, besides the affected one.
(v) According to cancer patients, it is quite astonishing how they can tolerate proton treatment so easily in comparison to photon treatment.
4. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
When she entered medical school in Hiroshima, Komaki was taught that surgery was the only viable cancer cure. But in the 1970s – while doing her externship, internship, residency, and fellowship in Milwaukee – she began learning “how radiation could cure people, and that gave it a different meaning to me than just the atomic bomb,” she says.
She came to view localized radiation treatment as less harmful than chemotherapy and realized that it couldn’t be equated at all with the scattered, uncontrolled radiation to the whole body that comes with exposure to an atomic bomb. In 1985, she and Cox went to the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York to work with Dr. Eric Hall, then a leading international authority on the effects of the atomic bomb on humans. In 1988, she began putting her years of research to work at UT M.D. Anderson.
Though protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919, proton therapy didn’t commence until 1954, at Berkeley nuclear physics labs. The Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory partnered with Massachusetts General Hospital to begin treating cancer patients in 1961. But necessary technology is so expensive that treatment remained confined to physics research labs until 1990. That’s when the Proton Treatment Center opened at Loma Linda University Medical Center in southern California to offer the first hospital-based program.
Questions :
(i) Where and when did Dr. Komaki pursue her externship, internship, residency, and fellowship?
(ii) How does a person’s entire body become a victim of scattered and uncontrolled radiation?
(iii) Who was Dr. Eric Hall?
(iv) When did Komaki begin to spend her years of research working at UT M. D. Anderson?
(v) Why did the treatment of cancer patients wait till 1990?
Answers :
(i) Dr. Komaki pursued her externship, internship, residency, and fellowship in Milwaukee in the 1970s.
(ii) A person’s entire body becomes a victim of scattered and uncontrolled radiation that comes with exposure to an atom bomb.
(iii) Dr. Eric Hall was a prominent global authority on the effects of the atomic bomb on human beings.
(iv) In 1988 Komaki began to spend her years of research work at UT M. D. Anderson.
(v) The treatment of cancer patients waited till 1990, because of costly necessary technology.
5. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Intrigued by the proton therapy research then available, Komaki and Cox visited Loma Linda early on and began to push for a similar unit at UT M. D. Anderson when they returned to Houston. Their efforts paid off in 2006 when the $ 125 million Proton Therapy Center opened its doors offering a complete range of proton treatments. It is the only such facility in the Southwest. (In addition to Houston and Loma Linda, the nation now has centers in Florida, Indiana, and Massachusetts, with several, more being planned.)
Today, Komaki and her colleagues treat thoracic malignancies – therapy that requires a team of seven doctors, several physicians and dosimetrists, and a couple of dozen technicians – in 10 to 15 patients daily, with four of them taking proton therapy. Like other radiation treatments, proton therapy runs for about seven weeks. In all, the Proton Therapy Center, with Dr. Andrew Lee as medical director, treats 75 to 80 patients daily. To Komaki, this is just the beginning. “Our physicists have already made a machine here that creates a scanning beam,” she says.
“We’re the only place in the world with a scanning beam, which means we can remove neutron contamination.” (Neutrons are created when protons enter the body; though it happens rarely they can cause secondary malignancy a decade or more later.) She also believes that proton therapy is extremely important to the future of cancer care. “The patients are already sick from cancer,” she says, “why make them get sicker from treatment? Now, we can make them more comfortable – killing cancer cells but not killing normal cells. Now, they can live a normal life while getting treatments.” Whatever happens next in this field, Dr. Ritsuko Komaki and her colleagues at UT M. D. Anderson are likely to be at the forefront.
Questions :
(i) ‘………… and began to push for a similar unit at UT M. D. Anderson’ -What does ‘a similar unit’ refer to?
(ii) How did Komaki and Cox succeed in their efforts?
(iii) Name the places where a complete range of proton treatments is available.
(iv) Who is a dosimetrist ?
(v) How long does proton therapy continue?
Answers :
(i) ‘A similar unit’ refers to the proton therapy center.
(ii) Komaki and Cox succeeded in their efforts in 2006 when the $ 125 million Proton Therapy Centre was set up in Houston providing all sorts of proton treatments.
(iii) The places where a complete range of proton treatments is available are California, Houston, Florida, Indiana, and Massachusetts.
(iv) A dosimetrist is an expert in the dosage of radiation.
(v) Proton therapy continues for about seven weeks.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Choose the correct option.
Unit – I
The text
Dr. Ritsuko Komaki ……….. to help others.
Question 1.
Name the author of the prose “The Cancer Fight, From Hiroshima to Houston”.
(a) Ritsuko Komaki
(b) Sadako Sasaki
(c) James Cox
(d) Eric Hall
Answer:
(a) Ritsuko Komaki
Question 2.
Dr. Ritsuko Komaki is a radition :
(a) oncologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, USA
(b) a psychologist at RD Moursan Cancer Center in Hiroshima, Japan
(c) eye specialist at MD Anderson Eye Center in Berlin, Germany
(d) an anthropologist at AD Pitson Anthro Center in Tokyo, Japan
Answer:
(a) oncologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, USA
Question 3.
Dr. Ritsuko is a radiation oncologist and also
(a) an advocate of civil cases
(b) an advocate of proton therapy
(c) an advocate of neuron therapy
(d) a judge at Hiroshima
Answer:
(b) an advocate of proton therapy
Question 4.
During the final stages of World War II in 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on the cites of
(a) Hiroshima and Houston in Japan and USA
(b) Stalin and Berlin in Germany
(c) Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan
Question 5.
Name the first atomic bomb which was dropped in the city of Hiroshima and when?
(a) The Old Man, 26 August 1946
(b) The Young Boy 16 August 1954
(c) The Little Boy, 6 August 1945
(d) The Little Girl, 6 August 1944
Answer:
(c) The Little Boy, 6 August 1945
Question 6.
Name the second atomic bomb, which was dropped in the city of Nagasaki, and when?
(a) The Fat Woman, 9th Aug. 1945
(b) The Super Man, 9th Aug. 1954
(c) The Thin Man, 19th Sept. 1948
(d) The Fat Man, 9th Aug. 1945
Answer:
(d) The Fat Man, 9th Aug. 1945
Question 7.
Dr. Ritsuko Komaki was living with her family near :
(a) Sobosan
(b) Osaka
(c) Okayama
(d) Yamaguchi
Answer:
(b) Osaka
Question 8.
What vowed Komaki to become a cancer doctor?
(a) when her close friend Sadako Sasaki died at age 11 of radiation-related leukemia
(b) she developed both a fascination with and fear of radiation
(c) a long term effects which likely contributed heavily to the deaths of about half her relatives including her father
(d) both, (a) and (c)
Answer:
(a) when her close friend Sadako Sasaki died at age 11 of radiation-related leukemia
Question 9.
After becoming a cancer doctor, she uses it in increasingly sophisticated ways to :
(a) fight cancer
(b) fight diabetics
(c) fight leukemia
(d) fight bone marrow
Answer:
(a) fight cancer
Question 10.
Being the chief of the Clinical Section, she was also :
(a) the Program Director of Leukemia Radiation Oncology
(b) the Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology
(c) Program Director of Bone-marrow
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) the Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology
Question 11.
What does ‘leukemia’ mean?
(a) a disease
(b) throat cancer
(c) a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow
(d) brain tumor
Answer:
(c) a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow
Question 12.
Who do you think can we say as Oncologist?
(a) a doctor who treats bone marrow
(b) a doctor who treats rheumatism
(c) a doctor who treats cancer.
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) a doctor who treats cancer.
Question 13.
One who introduces new ideas of things
(a) inheritor
(b) intrigued
(c) inhibitor
(d) innovator
Answer:
(d) innovator
Question 14.
‘Compliance’ means
(a) obedience
(b) advanced
(c) obligation
(d) oblige
Answer:
(a) obedience
Question 15.
For which Komaki was awarded the Juan A. del Regato Foundation Gold Medal?
(a) for best radiation oncologist
(b) for best educator and teacher
(c) for the best expert in the treatment of cancer
(d) for the lady of the year
Answer:
(b) for best educator and teacher
Question 16.
Why does she try to educate younger people – students and trainees as well as patients?
(a) for the easy and early treatment of disease
(b) to make them know how to prevent diseases in life
(c) to live healthy lives and achieve their goal to help others
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) to live healthy lives and achieve their goal to help others
Unit – II
The text
Proton therapy …………… photon treatment.
Question 17.
What is proton therapy?
(a) Proton therapy, like other forms of radiation, aims ionizing particles onto a target tumor to damage and ultimately destroy its cancerous cells.
(b) Proton therapy, same as other forms of radiation, aims separated particles onto a target leukemia to destroy and ultimately damage its poisonous cells.
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) Proton therapy, like other forms of radiation, aims ionizing particles onto a target tumor to damage and ultimately destroy its cancerous cells.
Question 18.
___________are much more localized and powerful than the X-rays used in more established radiation therapies.
(a) neutron beams
(b) nuclear beams
(c) proton beams
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(c) proton beams
Question 19.
___________is big enough to kill the cancerous cells but some radiation also hits the healthy cells around the tumor,
(a) dose
(b) dosage
(c) drugs
(d) dorsal
Answer:
(b) dosage
Question 20.
Side effects of radiation are :
(a) pneumonitis
(b) esophagitis or lead to the growth of secondary cancers
(c) bone-marrow toxicity
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(d) all of the above
Question 21.
To reduce damage to healthy tissues by a scattered dose of low radiation, the oncologist requires :
(a) sharply delineated radiation
(b) proton beams, shaped to almost perfectly match the specific tumor
(c) aimed to strike it precisely
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(d) all of the above
Question 22.
Name the unit of electromagnetic energy which release up to 90 percent of the cancer-fighting energy, as they penetrate the skin.
(a) photon (X-rays)
(b) neutrons
(c) protons
(d) phototropism
Answer:
(a) photon (X-rays)
Question 23.
The success rate against prostate cancer, for example, is around :
(a) 90 to 95 percent
(b) 80 to 90 percent
(c) 95 to 100 percent
(d) 70 to 85 percent
Answer:
(a) 90 to 95 percent
Question 24.
Identify the name and occupation of Komaki’s husband.
(a) Dr. J. H. Frost, Head of the Division of Radiation Psychology at AT.M.D. Anderson Brain Academy
(b) Dr. John Marshall, Head of the division of Rheumatism at UTM.D Anderson Bone Center
(c) Dr. James Cox, Head of the division of Radiation Oncology at UT.M.D Anderson Cancer Center
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Dr. James Cox, Head of the division of Radiation Oncology at UT.M.D Anderson Cancer Center
Question 25.
What do you mean by ‘efficacy’?
(a) efficiency
(b) effectiveness
(c) effort
(d) eradicate
Answer:
(b) effectiveness
Question 26.
‘Calibrated’ means :
(a) added
(b) calculated
(c) sum
(d) measured
Answer:
(d) measured
Question 27.
What does ‘collateral damage’ mean?
(a) injury to other organs
(b) injury to skeletal organs
(c) damage to all parts of the body
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(a) injury to other organs
Question 28.
The quality of being poisonous :
(a) toxicity
(b) tumor
(c) drugs
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) toxicity
Question 29.
Radiation therapy means :
(a) treatment of cancer by using radiation
(b) treatment of brain tumors by using radiation
(c) treatment of leukemia by using radiation
(d) treatment of rheumatism by using medicines and oils for external use only
Answer:
(a) treatment of cancer by using radiation
Unit – III
Warm-up
The Text
Surgery radiation …………. forefront.
Question 30.
Before proton therapy was adopted what were the methods used for treating cancer?
(a) surgery, radiation
(b) chemotherapy
(c) photon therapy
(d) all of the above
Answer:
Question 31.
Name the place where Komaki did her externship, internship, residency and fellowship and learned ‘how radiation could cure people’.
(a) Milwaukee
(b) Hiroshima
(c) Houston
(d) Nilwaukee
Answer:
(a) Milwauke
Question 32.
When did Komaki and her husband, Cox went to Columbia Presbyterian Medical Centre in Newyork and to work with whom ?
(a) 1986, Prof. Eric Hall
(b) 1985, Dr. Eric Hall
(c) 1998, Dr. Aric Hall
(d) 1958, Dr. Muric Mall
Answer:
(b) 1985, Dr. Eric Hall
Question 33.
Komaki began putting her years of research to work at UT.M. D. Anderson is
(a) 1989
(b) 1999
(c) 1988
(d) 1888
Answer:
(c) 1988
Question 34.
When did protons were discovered and by whom?
(a) protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919
(b) protons were deciphered by Ymest Rutherford in 1981
(c) protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1920
(d) protons were discovered by Komaki in 1919
Answer:
(a) protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919
Question 35.
Proton therapy didn’t commence until _____________ at Berkeley nuclear physics labs.
(a) 1945
(b) 1964
(c) 1953
(d) 1954
Answer:
(d) 1954
Question 36.
_____________ Laboratory partnered with Massachusetts General Hospital to begin treating cancer patients in 1961.
(a) The Harvard Cyclotron
(b) The Harvord Kyclotron
(c) The Warvord Cyclotron
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) The Harvard Cyclotron
Question 37.
Proton Treatment Center opened at _____________ University Medical Center in southern California to offer the first hospital-based program.
(a) Loma Linda
(b) Oxford
(c) Cambridge
(d) Austria
Answer:
(a) Loma Linda
Question 38.
Whose efforts paid off in 2006, when the $ 125 million Proton Therapy Center opened its doors offering a complete range of proton treatments?
(a) Komaki and Dr. Eric Hall
(b) Komaki and Dr. Andrew Lee
(c) Komaki and her husband Cox
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Komaki and her husband Cox
Question 39.
What is that therapy that requires a team of seven doctors, several physicians and dosimetrists, and a couple of dozen technicians in 10-15 patients daily with four of them taking proton therapy?
(a) Thoracic malignancies
(b) Oracic malignancies
(c) Thoranic maliganancious
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) Thoracic malignancies
Question 40.
Like other radiation treatments, proton therapy runs about :
(a) seven months
(b) seven hours
(c) seven days
(d) seven weeks
Answer:
(d) seven weeks
Question 41.
In all, the Proton Therapy Center, with Dr. Andrew Lee as medical director, treats :
(a) 76 to 86 patients daily
(b) 75 to 80 patients every month
(c) 75 to 80 patients every week
(d) 75 to 80 patients daily
Answer:
(d) 75 to 80 patients daily
Question 42.
What does secondary malignancy mean?
(a) cancer that arises in the background of another malignancy
(b) cancer that arises in the spot of another malignancy
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) cancer that arises in the background of another malignancy
Question 43.
Expert in dosage of radiation means:
(a) medicinal dose
(b) malignancy
(c) toxicity
(d) dosimetrist
Answer:
(d) dosimetris
Question 44.
Word ‘intrigued’ refers to :
(a) fearless
(b) very complicated
(c) interested to know more
(d) forming part of the basic nature of something
Answer:
(c) interested to know more
Question 45.
What do you understand by the term ‘commence’?
(a) recover
(b) begin
(c) conclusion
(d) restart
Answer:
(b) begin
Introducing the Author:
Dr. Ritsuko Komaki, a radiation cancer specialist at MD Anderson Cancer Centre in Houston, U.S.A., is an ardent champion of proton therapy.
About the Topic:
This article throws light on Dr. Ritsuko’s immense contribution towards the treatment of radiation-related ailments. She has a high opinion on proton therapy.
Summary:
The atomic bomb explosion on her native Hiroshima in 1945 had a profound effect on Ritsuko. The city was completely destroyed. She grew up to be a spectator of its devastating effect. He saw one tragedy after another: the deaths of about half her relatives, her father, and last of all, the death of her very intimate friend Sadako Sasaki at the age of 11 of radiation-related blood cancer. She could not remain silent. These three traumatic events made her take an oath to become a cancer doctor.
Now Ritsuko has learnt the method of applying, radiation in a creative manner. As a result, her fear of it becomes a thing of the past. Today Dr. Komaki, as clinical section chief and Program Director of Thoracic Radiation Oncology at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston is one of the world’s distinguished researchers and advocates of proton radiation beam therapy with which radiation-related cancer patients are treated.
Private hospitals are not suitable for the treatment of these patients on trial, because they lack adequate manpower, qualitative review boards, and maintenance of strict quality control of treatment. Komaki’s motto is to educate students, trainees, and patients to focus on living healthy lives. Besides, she wants to inspire them to reach their goal to help others. Ritsuko throws light on proton therapy. It is a form of treatment that damages and eventually destroys cancerous cells of the exact spot of the affected tumor with the help of charging particles.
There is a difference between proton therapy and photon therapy; the latter is not as good as the former. Proton therapy is confined to a particular area. It is powerful too. Photon therapy, in spite of killing cancerous cells, has side effects. It leads to an increase in secondary cancer. Proton therapy plays a great role in striking the specific tumor precisely. It results in the minimization of injury to other organs. Besides, photons (X-rays) emit 90 percent of their cancer-fighting energy, as they pierce the skin. But their utility is lost by 40 percent.
Proton therapy is more effective for patients who suffer from prostate cancer. Proton therapy is most useful for those whose localized cancer has not affected the distant parts of the body. It has a great effect on children in particular. Proton therapy also helps the elderly, because their excessively weak skin cannot resist the power of radiation therapy. Komaki’s patients think that proton therapy is fabulous because they can tolerate it more easily than photon treatment.
When Komai became a student of a medical school in Hiroshima, she learned that only surgery was a possible cancer cure. In the course of her externship, internship, residency, and fellowship in Milwaukee, Komaki came to know the importance of radiation in the treatment of cancer. Besides, she learnt that localized radiation therapy was not so harmful as chemotherapy. In 1985, she along with Cox set out for New York to work with Dr. Eric Hall, who was, at that time, a renowned global authority on the effects of the atomic bomb on human beings.
In 1988, she spent years of research work in this field at UT M.D. Anderson. Proton therapy started in 1954. The Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory in partnership with Massachusetts General Hospital started treating cancer patients. The necessary technology was very costly. Therefore, the treatment did not go beyond physics research labs until 1990. The first hospital-based program commenced with the opening of the Proton Treatment Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center in southern California.
Their keen interest to know more about proton therapy and their ceaseless efforts were eventually rewarded. The Proton Therapy Center came into existence in 2006, paving the way for providing a complete range of proton treatments. Today Komaki and her colleagues treat their patients with this therapy that requires many specialists. To Komaki, this is not the end of the road. She looks beyond the present. With a heart full of delight, she declares that this is the only place in the world having a scanning beam.
In her view, proton therapy is of great use to the future of cancer care. Komaki and her colleagues are trying to make the lives of the patients more comfortable than ever before, by destroying cancer cells, but not normal cells. The time has come when they lead a normal life during treatments. Dr. Ritsuko and her colleagues at UT M.D. Anderson may take a leading part in whatever takes place in this domain in future.
ସାରାଂଶ:
ଜାପାନର ହିରୋସୀମାରେ ୧୯୪୫ ମସିହାରେ ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ପରମାଣୁ ବୋମାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ରିକୋଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଗଭୀର ଭାବେ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥିଲା । ପରମାଣୁ ବୋମା ସହରଟିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣଭାବେ ଧ୍ବସ୍ତବିଧ୍ବସ୍ତ କରିଦେଇଥିଲା । ଡାଃ ରିକୋ କୋମାକି ଏହି ଧ୍ୱଂସକାରୀ ପ୍ରଭାବର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷଦର୍ଶୀରୂପେ ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ବଡ଼ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଦୁଃଖଦ ଘଟଣା ପରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଦୁଃଖ ଘଟଣା ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ । ଅର୍ବାଧିକ ନିଜ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟମାନଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ, ନିଜ ବାପାଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଏବଂ ସର୍ବୋପରି ନିଜର ଅତି ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ବନ୍ଧୁ ସଡ଼ାକୋ ସାସାକିଙ୍କ ୧୧ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ ଏହି ପରମାଣୁ ବୋମାର ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ରଶ୍ମିର ପ୍ରଭାବରେ ରକ୍ତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିବ୍ରତ ଓ ଅତିଷ୍ଠ କରିଦେଇଥିଲା । ସେ ନୀରବହୋଇ ରହିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ ।
ଏହି ତିନୋଟି ଦୁଃଖଦ ଘଟଣା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜଣେ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ ହେବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞାବଦ୍ଧ କରାଇଥିଲା । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ରିକୋ କୋମାକି ଏହି ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ରଶ୍ମିର ସର୍ଜନାତ୍ମକ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରି ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରିପାରୁଛନ୍ତି । ଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭୟ ଦୂର ହୋଇପାରିଛି । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସେ ହୋଷ୍ଟନରେ ଥିବା Taxas M.D. Anderson Cancer Centreର Thoracic Radiation Oncologyର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଓ ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶକ ଭାବେ ବିଶ୍ଵର ସ୍ୱନାମଧନ୍ୟ ଗବେଷକ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୋଟନ ରଶ୍ମିର ପ୍ରୟୋଗରେ କର୍କଟ ବ୍ୟାଧ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତିର ସମର୍ଥକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଜଣେ ଭାବେ ଗଣା ହେଉଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଘରୋଇ ଚିକିତ୍ସାଳୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଓ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁପଯୁକ୍ତ, କାରଣ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଦକ୍ଷ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ ଗୁଣାତ୍ମକ ସମୀକ୍ଷାମଣ୍ଡଳୀ, ଏବଂ ଗୁଣାତ୍ମକ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତିର ଅଭାବ ରହିଛି ।
ଶିକ୍ଷାର୍ଥୀ, ତାଲିମ ପାଉଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଏବଂ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟକର ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦେବାକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ରହିଛି । ଏହାଛଡ଼ା କୋମାକି ଚାହାନ୍ତି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ପାଇଁ ସେମାନେ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦେବା ଉଚିତ । ରିଟ୍ସ୍କୋ ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତି ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହି ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତି ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଟ୍ୟୁମରର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ସ୍ଥାନରେ କର୍କଟ ସଂକ୍ରମିତ କୋଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚାର୍ଜିତ କଣିକାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ନଷ୍ଟ କରି ଦିଆଯାଏ । ଫୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଉତ୍ତମ ନୁହେଁ । ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ସୀମାବଦ୍ଧ ରହେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଧିକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ । ଫୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତି କର୍କଟ କୋଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରୁଥିବା ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ଏହାର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଥାଏ ।
ଏହା କର୍କଟ ରୋଗକୁ ବଢ଼େଇ ଦେବାରେ ସହାୟକ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଟ୍ୟୁମରକୁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟଭାବେ ଆଘାତ କରାଯାଇପାରେ । ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଙ୍ଗପ୍ରତ୍ୟଙ୍ଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅପାତତଃ କମ୍ କ୍ଷତି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଫୋଟନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ବିକିରିତ ରଶ୍ମି ଶରୀରରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ୨୦ ପ୍ରତିଶତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧକ ଶକ୍ତି ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କରିଥାଏ । କିନ୍ତୁ ତା’ର 40 ପ୍ରତିଶତ ଉପଯୋଗିତା ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଥଯାଏ । ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭିକ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟର କର୍କଟ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତି ଅଧିକ ଫଳପ୍ରସୂ । ଯେଉଁମାନଙ୍କର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଅଂଶ କର୍କଟ ସଂକ୍ରମିତ ମାତ୍ର ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଂଶ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଅଛି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏହି ପଦ୍ଧତି ଅଧ୍ଵ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ । ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଅଧିକ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
ବୟସ୍କମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହା ଲାଭଦାୟକ କାରଣ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଅତି ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଚର୍ମ ବିକିରଣ ପଦ୍ଧତିର ତୀବ୍ରତାକୁ ସହ୍ୟ କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । କୋମାକିଙ୍କର ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଭାବନ୍ତି ଯେ ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ହେଉଛି ସୁଖକର କାରଣ ସେମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ଫୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଅପେକ୍ଷା ସହଜରେ ସହ୍ୟ କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ଯେତେବେଳେ କୋମାକି ହିରୋସୀମା ମେଡ଼ିକାଲ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ଛାତ୍ରୀ ଥିଲେ, କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର କେବଳ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ସମ୍ଭବ ବୋଲି ଶିକ୍ଷାଲାଭ କରିଥିଲେ । Milwaukeeଠାରେ ସେ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ଚିକିତ୍ସା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ବିକିରଣର ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିଲେ l ଏହା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ସେ ଜାଣିଲେ ଯେ ବିକିରଣ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଠାରୁ କମ୍ କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ଅଟେ । ୧୯୮୫ ମସିହାରେ ସେ Coxଙ୍କ ସହିତ New York ଅଭିମୁଖେ ଯାତ୍ରା କଲେ Dr. Eric Hallଙ୍କ ସହିତ କାମ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଯେ କି ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସମାଜ ଉପରେ ପରମାଣୁ ବୋମାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ଉପରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ୧୯୮୮ରେ UT M.D. Andersonଠାରେ ଏହି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଗବେଷଣା କରିଥିଲେ ।
ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା ୧୯୪୫ରେ । The Havard Cyclotron Laboratory ଓ Massachussetts General Hospital ଏକତ୍ର ମିଶି କର୍କଟ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ । ଏଥିରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରପାତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବହୁତ ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ ଥିଲା ! ତେଣୁ ଏହି ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନର ଗବେଷଣାଗାର ବାହାରକୁ ୧୯୯୦ ମସିହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଯାଇପାରି ନ ଥିଲା । ଦକ୍ଷିଣ କାଲିଫଣ୍ଡିଆର Loma Linda University Medical Centreରେ ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ପରିଶେଷରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପରିଶ୍ରମର ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ପୁରସ୍କାର ସେମାନେ ପାଇଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରୋଟନ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କେନ୍ଦ୍ର ୨୦୦୬ ମସିହାରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
ଏବେ କୋମାକି ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କର ସହକର୍ମୀମାନେ ଏହି ଚିକିତ୍ସାରେ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ ଅଛନ୍ତି । କୋମାକିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଏହା ଆରମ୍ଭ ମାତ୍ର । ସେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଉପରେ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ନିବଦ୍ଧ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଗର୍ବର ସହ କହନ୍ତି ଯେ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ସଫଳ ବିକିରଣ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପାଇଁ ତାହା ହିଁ ଏକମାତ୍ର ଚିକିତ୍ସାଳୟ । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ କର୍କଟ ବ୍ୟାଧର ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ନିମନ୍ତେ ପ୍ରୋଟନ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପଦ୍ଧତି ଉପାଦେୟତା ଖୁବ୍ ବେଶି । କୋମାକି ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକର୍ମୀମାନେ କର୍କଟରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କର କେବଳ କ୍ୟାନସର ସଂକ୍ରମିତ କୋଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦେଇ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆରାମପ୍ରଦ ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚିବାକୁ ସୁଯୋଗ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ୟମ କରୁଛନ୍ତି । ସମୟ ଆସିବ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନେ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ସମୟରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସାଧାରଣ ଜୀବନଯାପନ କରିପାରିବେ । କର୍କଟ ବ୍ୟାଧ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଯାହାକି ଅଗ୍ରଗତି ହେବ ସେଥୁରେ କୋମାକି ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକର୍ମୀମାନେ ହିଁ ଅଗ୍ରଣୀ ଭୂମିକା ନେବାର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ଅଛି ।