Class 12

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Happy Man Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section-I

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
Why was the narrator always hesitant to give advice?
Answer:
The narrator has always hesitated to give advice because how can one advise another how to act unless one knows that other is as well as one knows oneself?

Question 2.
“Each of us is a prisoner in a solitary town How does this statement reflect on human life?
Answer:
Everybody is in shackles. Man is not free. All human beings are like creatures in bondage and he is unable to take any independent decisions.

Question 3.
Does the paragraph logically lead to the story? Where do you find the connection?
Answer:
Yes, the paragraph is logically connected which leads to the story, “Life in a difficult ‘ business…provides the clue.

Question 4.
Why did Stephens meet the narrator? What made him do so?
Answer:
Stephens had come to meet the narrator of the story to know whether any English doctor has worked in Spain. He did so because the narrator had written a book on that.

Question 5.
What impression do you form about Stephens from his account of life at Camberwell? Is he happy with it?
Answer:
Stephens was a doctor who had been brought up by two old aunts. He was poor and had been married six years ago. He had no children.

Question 6.
Why does he want to go to Spain?
Answer:
There was no English doctor in Spain and the present lifestyle which he did not relish made him want to go to Spain.

Question 7.
Would you call him a romantic? Give reasons for our Answers
Answer:
Themainwasromantic who gave more emphasis on emotion without thinking about the fixture.

Question 8.
What does the narrator suggest to Stephens finally?
Answer:
The narrator finally suggested Stephensifhe did not want money and was content to earn just enough to keep body and soul together, he should go. Because he would lead a wonderful life.

Vocabulary
Derive adjectives from the following:

wonder	Spain
habit	absence
hesitate	confidence
emotion	thought
occasion	book
difficulty	silence
satisfaction	apology
quickly	laugh
practice	preciously
feet	marriage
mind	force
knowledge	face
information	hair
	money

Answer:
Words – AdjectiveForms
wonder – wonderful
habit – habitual
hesitate – hesitant
emotion – emotional
occasion – occasional
difficulty – difficult
satisfaction – satisfactory
quickly – quick
practice – practical
feet – factual
mind – mental
knowledge – knowledgeable
information – informative
thought – thoughtful
book – bookish
Spain – Spanish
silence – silent
absence – absent
confidence – confident
apology – apologetic
laugh – laughable
preciously – precise
marriage – marital
force – forcible
face – facial
hair – hairy
money – monetary

Section -II

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What change in place and time do you find in this section of the story?
Answer:
There is a change in place and time in this section of the story. The doctor has shifted to Spain and the time gap is around fifteen years.

Question 2.
Why does Stephens refuse to accept fees from the narrator? Do his words acknowledge his gratitude for the right suggestion of the narrator given to him years ago?
Answer:
Stephens refused to accept fees from the narrator as a token gesture of gratitude for the right suggestion the narrator had given to him a year ago.

Question 3.
What impression would you get about Stephens from his changed appearance
Spain?
Answer:
The changed appearance of Stephen in Spain suggests that he has become fit and bold. There is a sea change in his physical body politics.

Question 4.
In which context does Stephens say, “life is full of compensation’? What light does it draw on his character?
Answer:
When the narrator asked that he was married Stephens expressed his sorrow to say about his wife who did not like Spain and went back to Camberwell where she felt homely. He said, ’’Life is full of comprehension. This makes clear that Stephens had accepted the gains and losses of life.

Question 5.
Does the concluding passage reveal an attitude toward life? What kind of attitude
would you call it?
Answer:
The concluding passage of the story reveals an attitude toward life. It tells the man to earn just enough money to keep body and soul together.

Question 6.
Where does happiness lie in the word of the protagonist?
Answer:
According to the protagonist, happiness lies in earning just enough money to keep the body and soul together, and in enjoying life being poor.

Question 7.
Does the narrator favor a life of emancipation from conventionalities and stereotypes?
Answer:
The narrator favors a life of emancipation from the conventionalities and stereotypes of life warranting man together self and riches. But the narrator tells that one can enjoy life being poor.

Question 8.
Which one of the following do you find in Stephens that most appropriately
characterize him?
(a) a cynical attitude
(b) a pleasure-loving temperament
(c) morbidity born of frustrations
(d) A quest for freedom from conventions
Answer:
(d)Aquest for freedom from conventions

Question 9.
Can you guess what could happen if his wife had not deserted him?
Answer:
He could not have been free to go to Spain.

Question 10.
Can you call him “TheHappyMan”? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
He is “The Happy Man” because he is quite free and he enjoys life even in being poor. He does not run after money.

Questions For Composition

Question 1.
…………………. but by heaven I’ve enjoyed myself. I could not exchange the life I have had with that of any kind in the world”. Make a critical estimate ofStephensin the light of the given statement.
Answer:
The short story’s happy man” is written by William Somerset Maugham, an eminent and outstanding storyteller. He has written more than 100 stories. However, his stories express a realistic portrait of the degenerated society given to selfish pleasure and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompasses a large area of human experience. In this light, Maugham’s story is superb and fantastic. It is really, the most typical story fall is a collection. However, the present story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy of a happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective.

What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment, but an abandonment of took-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. In him is there a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. Yet the undertone of irony is apparent to the discerning reader. However, Stephens, following the suggestions of the narrator decided to stay in Spain. He went there at last. His wife did not back to Camberwell where she was even more Homely. But he enjoyed his work in Spain. He was very fat and bold. But his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor.

The clothes he wore were terribly shabby. He earned just enough money to keep his body and soul together, but he should lead a wonderful life. Poor has he been and poor shall he always be, but by heaven, he has enjoyed himself. He says emphatically that he would not exchange the life he had with that of any king of the world. As a matter of feet, Maugham’s treatment of life through Stephens is most fascinating and heart-touching Maugham is, in fact, a keen observer of human attitude, on the whole, he has tried his level best to depict a full-fledged manner. Therefore, the way he has portrayed Stephens is superb and fantastic.

Question 2.
Critically comment on the title of the story.
Answer:
The short story“The happy man” is undoubtedly the best typical masterpiece of William Somerset Maugham, a prominent and outstanding storyteller of the twentieth century. Maugham is a prolific writer writing novels, short stories, plays, etc. in one. Hismasteryto provides appropriate titles to his writings is really outstanding. He has written more than 100 short stories. All these are repleted with a realistic portrait of the selfish pleasure and hedonism of society. However, the title of the work of art must be apt and suggestive. It should be precise, concise, and condensed.

Its motto should be to communicate reality vehemently. It should be just like a gorgeous, colorful signboard. It also speaks out the contents, of the shop from its very appearance. The titles are expressive of the contents of the work of art. The story, here, tells us about the life of a man who happens to be the happiest. However, Stephens comes to the narrator to know whether it would be better to go to Spain as a doctor. His future was involved in it and the narrator suggested to him that he had to earn just enough money to keep his body and soul together. He, however, decided to go there. But he was married. His wife did not cooperate with him. She never likes Spain and went back to Camberwellwhere she felt homely.

Stephens went alone and lived there happily. He led a wonderful life there. Poorhehadbeen and enjoyed himself like anything. He would not exchange the life he had with that of any kind in the world. The last lines of the story are themselves expressive of the feet that the protagonist of the story “TheHappyMan” has. The title bears the justification for the right caption of the story. As a matter of fact, the title of the story is most appropriate and suggestive. The way Maugham justified Stephens as the happiest man is really superb, alluring, elevating, and excellent.

Vocabulary
Derive nouns forms the following:

excavate	crucial
lovely	cruel
monumental	casual
interesting	occasional
arrogant	perceptive
expect	deceive
ideological	receive
rigorous	credulous
logical	rival

Answer:

Words	Noun forms
excavate	excavation
expect	expectation
lovely	love
ideological	ideology
monumental	monument
rigorous	rigorousness
interesting	interest
logical	logic
arrogant	arrogance
crucial	independence
cruel	cruelty
casual	casualty
occasional	occasion
perceptive	perception
deceive	deceit/deception
receive	receipt
credulous	credulity
rival	rivalry

Grammar
Supply suitable articles:

1. He is_________ M.A
Answer:
He is an M.A

2. I drank________ cup red tea.
Answer:
I drank a cup of red tea

3. I have not seen such_______  temple.
Answer:
I have not seen such a temple

4. He is_____ eunuch.
Answer:
He is a eunuch.

5. The cow is_______useful animal.
Answer:
The cow is a useful animal.

6. I covered_____half a mile.
Answer:
I covered a half mile

7. He is ______washerman.
Answer:
He is a washerman.

8. He is_______honourable man.
Answer:
He is an honorable man.

9. She is__________M.L.A.
Answer:
She is an M.L.A.

10. He is_______M.P.
Answer:
He is an M.P

11. Gopalis________beggar.
Answer:
Gopal is a beggar.

12. I saw_________tiger.
Answer:
I saw a tiger

13. ________cow is auseful animal.
Answer:
A cow is a useful animal.

14. _______poor should be helped.
Answer:
The poor should be helped.

15. He is _______one-eyed man.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed man.

16. Hari is___farmer.
Answer:
Hari is a farmer.

17. Give me____umbrella.
Answer:
Give me an umbrella.

18. She saw_______tiger_______forest.
Answer:
She saw a tiger in a forest

19. ______brave should be rewarded.
Answer:
A brave should be rewarded

20. What__________big temple.
Answer:
What a big temple.

21. There was______little water in the glass.
Answer:
There was a little water in the glass.

22. Rambabu is______ readerin English.
Answer:
Rambabu is a reader of English

23. ______universities cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.
Answer:
A university cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.

24. Give me __________ half kilo potato.
Answer:
Give me a half kilo of potato.

25. ___________ few people were present in the meeting.
Answer:
A few people were present at the meeting.

26. I like _________ red wine with lunch.
Answer:
I like a red wine with lunch.

27. London is_________ city.
Answer:
London is a city.

28. We electedhim as__________ M.L.A.
Answer:
We elected him as an M.L.A.

29. __________Ramayan is_______ famous epic.
Answer:
The Ramadan is a famous epic.

30. I shall backin__________hour.
Answer:
I shall be back in an hour.

31. I read_________Prajatantra every day.
Answer:
I read the Prajatantra every day.

32. He is holding________umbrella.
Answer:
He is holding an umbrella

33. He is__________ one – eyed.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed.

34. I like thebeauty of__________ Himalayas.
Answer:
I like the beauty of the Himalayas

35. ___________elephant is a strong animal.
Answer:
An elephant is a strong animal.

36. I like to give_________ useful present.
Answer:
I like to give a useful present.

37. London is in _________ Thames.
Answer:
London is in the Thames.

38. Is there_______ school in this town?
Answer:
Is there a school in this town?

39. He is__________ principalofour college.
Answer:
He is the principal of our college.

40. He is________lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

41. _________Mahanadi is the longest river of Odisha.
Answer:
The Mahanadi is the longest river in Odisha.

42. He is__________ lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

43. I saw_______ snake and_______ snake rushed towards me.
Answer:
I saw a snake and the snake rushed towards me.

44. I went by_________ Konark Express.
Answer:
I went by the  Konark Express.

45. She is___________ actress.
Answer:
She is an actress.

46. I like________ mangoes you eat.
Answer:
I like the mangoes you eat.

47. He is speaking like __________ Kalidas.
Answer:
He is speaking like a Kalidas.

48. She is________ mostbeautiful womanofour village.
Answer:
She is the most beautiful woman in our village.

49. He is____________first person to come.
Answer:
He is the first person to come.

50. There was__________ temple.
Answer:
There was a temple.

51. Sitais swimmingin __________ pond.
Answer:
Sita is swimming in thepond.

52. He aremaking__________union.
Answer:
He is making a union.

53. _______ Gita is_________ sacred book.
Answer:
The Gita is a sacred book.

54. He is________ European.
Answer:
He is a European

55. It is _________ great honor to be invited to the ceremony.
Answer:
It is a great honor to be invited to the ceremony

56. _________ I have a glass of milk.
Answer:
Could I have a glass of milk?

57. I _________ be twenty on my next birthday.
Answer:
I will be twenty on my next birthday.

58. Why_________ women be paid less than men for doing the same?
Answer:
Why should women be paid less than men for doing the same?

59. I________wear a coat today it is quite warm.
Answer:
I need not wear a coat today it is quite warm.

60 __________ I close the door.
Answer:
Shall I close the door?

61. It mayrain you_________ carryan umbrella.
Answer:
It may rain you should carry an umbrella.

62. It is late. You __________ go to bed.
Answer:
It is late. You should go to bed.

63. You_______hurry, there is enough time.
Answer:
You need not hurry, there is enough time

64. __________ you lend me your pen, please.
Answer:
Could you lend me your pen, please

65. India_________ take active steps to reduce population growth.
Answer:
India should take active steps to reduce population growth.

66. _______ you open the window, please?
Answer:
Could you open the window, please?

67. I am afraid the weather____________not improve for another two or three days.
Answer:
I am afraid the weather might not improve for another two or three days

68. You________respect your teacher.
Answer:
You should respect your teacher.

69. ________you stand on your hands.
Answer:
Can you stand on your hands?

70. After four he______ write well.
Answer:
After four he could write well.

71. __________ you lend me Rs 50?
Answer:
Could you lend me Rs 50?

Section-I

Pre-reading activity:
You might have at times thought about who a happy man is. What do you think brings happiness to one’s life?
(i) It is something related to wealth and material comforts.
(ii) Or is it purely a state of mind, with nothing much to do with one’s financial status or social or social position?
(iii) Does it he in a life of adventure and romance, a life of freedom and carefree enjoyment away who is a happy man?

Notes On The Writer:
William SomersetMaugham(1874-1965) is a prolific writer of the twentieth century having to his credit about 17 novels, 32 plays, more than 100 short stories, two travelogues, and two treatises containing his views of life and literature. Amonghisnovels “OfHumanBondage”. “The Moon and Six Pence” “The Printed VeilCakes and” and ‘The Razor’s Edge” have earned him critical acclaim.

His novels, plays, and short stories give a realistic portrait of a degenerate society, a society given to selfish pleasures and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompassing a larger area of human experience. Most of them depicted the crumbling of the institution of marriage, which has almost become a tightrope around the neck of the spouse’s affair, such indulgences often leading to promiscuity. With deft and dexterous use of irony and satire, his vision grows from a study of the wider spectrum of life to an affirmation of its meaning at the individual level.

The Story:
A careful reading of the story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective. What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment but an abandonment of taken-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. Intimate there is a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. You have the undertone of irony apparent to the discerning reader.

GIST:
Paragraph -1
It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others and it has been often a wonder that the politicians, reforms, and such like who are prepared to force upon their fellow measures that must alter their manners, habits, and points of view making a strong confidence in this regard. The thoughts and emotions of the neighbors can only be guessed. Life is a difficult business and it is found hard enough to make a complete and rounded thing.

GIST:
Paragraphs (2-3)
The narrator was a young man who lived in a modem apartment in London near Victoria Station. Late one afternoon, when he was beginning to think he had worked enough for that day, he heard a ring at the bell. He opened the doorto atotal stranger. He asked the narrator’s name. He asked to come in and he did it instantly. He led the stranger to his sitting room and told him to sit down. He seemed a trifle embarrassed. He also offered him cigarettes.

Gist:
Paragraphs (4-10)
The stranger said that his name was Stephens and he was a doctor. He said that the has read a book by the narrator about Spain and he wanted to ask him about that. The book is not so good. The fact remains that he knows something about there’s no one else who knew it so well. He was silent for a movement. He reached out for his seat and held. It is one hand absentmindedly stroking it with the other. He surmised that it gave him confidence.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (11-12)
He was brought up by two old aunts. He has never been anywhere. He has been married for six years. He has no children. He is a medical officer at the Camberwell Infirmary. There was something very striking in the short, sharp sentences he used. They heard a force bring. He had ’ not given him more than a cursory glance, but then looked at him with curiosity. He was a little man. thick-set and stout of thirty perhaps, with around red face from which store small, dark, and very bright eyes. His black hair was cropped close to a bullet-shaped head. He was dressed in a blue suit a good deal the worse for wear.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (13-22)
He again said that I must know what the duties of a medical officer in an infirmary are! One day is much like another and that’s all he has got to look forward for the root of his life. The narrator said that it was a means of livelihood; the one is pretty good and interrogated whether he thought there would be any change for an English doctor in Spain.

He continued that it was not like caramels, but there was sunshine, good wine, and color and there is the air you can breathe. He said that he heard by accident that there was no English doctor in service. It could be foolish on his part to give a good safe job for an uncertainty. His wife was also willing to his leaving the house. The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life. He left him.

Analytical Outlines

• It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others.
• It has been often a wonder.
• However, the politicians, reformers, and such people.
• They prepare to force upon their fellows.
• They may have a view about their manners, habits, etc.
• They make strong confidence in this regard.
• The thought and emotions of the neighbor can only be guessed.
•  Life is a difficult business.
•  It is found that it is very hard to make a complete and minded thing.
• The narrator was a young man.
• The narrator was a young man.
• He lived in a modest apartment.
• He was; thinking one afternoon.
• He had worked enough for that day.
• He heard a ring at the bell.
• He opened the door.
• He found a stranger.
• He asked the narrator his name.
• He asked him to come in.
• He did it instantly.
• He led the stranger to his sitting room.
• The narrator told him to sit down.
•  He seemed a trifle embarrassed.
• He also offered him cigarettes.
• The stranger’s name was Stephens.
• He was a doctor.
• He said that he had read a book.
• The book is written by the narrator.
• The book was written about Spain.
• He wanted to ask him about that.
• The book is not so good.
• The feet is that he knows something about that.
• No other one knew so well.
• He was silent for a moment.
• He reached out for his head.
• He reached out for his holding.
• He absentmindedly stroked it with the other.
• He surmised about it.
• It gave him confidence.
• He was brought up by two old aunts.
• He has never been anywhere.
• He has been married for six years.
• He has no children.
• He is a medical officer.
• He is an officer at CambrewellInfirmacy.
• There was something very striking.
• He used short, sharp sentences.
• They heard a force bring.
• He had not given him more than a cursory glance.
• He looked at it with curiosity.
• He was a little man.
• He was thick-set.
• He was stout of thirty.
• He was with a round face.
• He was dark and very bright eyes.
• His black hair was cropped.
• It cropped close to a bullet-shaped head.
• He was dressed in a blue suit.
• It was worse for wear.
• He knew the duty of a medical officer.
• One day is much like another.
• That’s all he has got to look forward to for the livelihood.
• Themoneyispretty is good.
• It is interrogated why he had gone to him.
• He replaced to this question.
• He wanted to know about the chance of an English doctor in Spain.
• He said that it was not like carmen.
• But, he found there sunshine and good wine.
• He accidentally heard about something.
• There was no English doctor in service.
• It could be foolish to get a good job there.
• I was not certain about it.
• His wife was also willing to his leaving the house.
• The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life.
• He left him.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

flounder – to stumble, to thinking or speaking
confidence – reliance, trust
modest – humble, bashful
embarrassed – immediately, on the spur of the moment
stroked – disheartened, distressed
instantly – blow, an attach, abeat of pulse
surmised – doubted
glance – look
curiosity – anxious to learn, inquisition
stout – strong, robust
cropped – produced
pretty – beautiful, pleasing
interrogate – to question, to examine
infirmary -a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick
carmen – an opera(1 875) by George Bizet.

Section -II

Gist:
Paragraphs – (23-25)
Fifteen years passed by. The narrator happened to be in service and having some trifling indication asked the hotel porter whether there wasinEnglishdoctorinthe town. He said positive and gave him the address. He took a cab and when he reached the house, a little fat man came out of it. He hesitated when he caught sight of the narrator explaining his purpose and the doctor asked him to go in.

He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, with a patio and his consulting room which led out of it was littered with papers, books, medical appliances, and lumber. They finished the business and he asked the doctor what his fee was. The doctor shook his head and smiled. He said that there was no fee. He asked the narrator whether he remembered why the doctor had been there. It was because of something he had once said to him. His life changed only for the narrator, the doctor admitted. He said he was Stephens.

Paragraphs (26 – 28)
The narrator had forgotten all about it. He had not the least notion of what he was talking about. He remembered him of their interview and the narrator after a lot of thinking recalled the matter. Stephens did not believe he could get a chance to have sight of the narrator to give thanks to him for what he had done for him. The narrator looked at him. He was very fat and bold, his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor. The clothes he wore were terribly shabby.

Gist:
Paragraphs (29-33)
The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married. Stephens replied in negative. Hardly and Stephens replied when a Spanish woman, no longer in her first youth, but still boldly and voluptuously beautiful appeared at the door. She spoke to him in Spanish and the narrator believed that she might have been theirs. of the house.

As he stood at the door to let the narrator out he said that later told him when he saw him lost that the former would go to Spainhe should earn enough money just to keep body and soul together but he should live a wonderful life. And the narrator was perfectly right. He has been and will be poor but he has enjoyed life to the brim.

Analytical Outlines

• Fifteen years passed by.
• The narrator happened to be in service.
• He has some trifling indisposition.
• He asked the hotel porter something.
• He asked if there was an English doctor in the town.
• He answered positively
• Then he gave him the address.
• He looked cab.
• He reached the house.
• A little fat man came outfit.
• He hesitated when he caught the sigh of the narrator.
• The narrator explained his purpose.
• The doctor asked him to go in.
• He lived in an ordinary Spanish house.
• He was living with a patio.
• He has a consulting room
• It was uttered with papers.
• It was uttered with books.
•  It was also littered with medical appliances and lumber.
• They finished the business.
•  He asked the doctor about his fees.
• The doctor shook his head.
• The doctor also smiled.
• He said that there was no fee.
• He asked the narrator something
• Whether he remembered why the doctor had been there.
• It was because of something he had once said to him.
• His life changed only for the narrator.
• The doctor admitted this.
• He said he was Stephens.
• The narrator had forgotten all about it.
• He had not the least notion.
• He was not concerned about what he was talking about.
• He reminded him of their interview.
• After a lot of thinking, the writer recalled the matter.
• Stephens did not believe it.
• He would get a chance to meet the narrator again.
• So that he would thank him for that.
• He thanked him for what he had done for him.
• The narrator looked at him.
• He was very fat.
• He was also very bold.
• His eyes twinkled gaily.
• His fleshy red face bore on expression.
• It was with perfect good humor.
• He wore terribly shabby clothes.
• The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married.
• Stephensrepliedinnegative.
• A woman appeared all the door.
• She was a Spanish woman.
• She was no longer in her first youth.
• But still, she was bold.
• She was voluptuously beautiful.
• She spoke to him in Spanish.
• The narrator believed that she might have been the Mrs. of the house.
• He stood at the door to let the narrator out.
• He said that the latter told him when he saw him last.
• The former would go to Spain.
• He should earn enough money there.
• He has just to keep body and soul together.
• But he should live a wonderful life.
• And the narrator was perfectly right.
• He has been and will be poor.
• But he has enjoyed life to the brim

Meaning Ofdifficult Words

trifle – unimportant
indisposition – un arrangement, un distribution, unplanned
porter – doorkeeper, a coolie
cab – covered four or two-wheeled carriage cabriolet
hesitate – to stop making a decision
litter – to cover with strew, to bring forth
appliances – instruments used for some special-purpose
lumber – a useful article, furniture stored away.
errand – business, purpose
patio – courtyard
admit – allow to enter
twinkle – to blink, to glitter, to shine
shabby – mean, low, paltry
boldly – courageously, daringly
sombrero – Aman’s hat with every wide brim which sowed especially in Mexico.
dissipated – drunken
voluptuously – luxuriously sensual
silenus – any group of forest spirits similar to stars but having the legs of horses.

Read More:

• The Happy Man Question Answer
• The Tree Question Answer
• The Watchman Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 5 Toads Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 5 Toads Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Toads Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
What ideas do you associate with Toads? List them here… The poem you are going to read now has the title “Toads”. See if the ideas you associate with Toads are reflected in the poem. Your focus, however, should be on finding answer to. Is it real Toads that the poem is about? If not, what does the poet mean by Toads?

Notes On The Poet:
Philip Larkin (1922-1995) is one of the outstanding poet of the post-war generation of poets. His volumes – include “The North Ship” (1 995) and “The Less Deceived” (1955). His poetry responds to all he tints and flavours of provinced life. His sensitivity to human “absurdity and pathos” is strongly marked in many of his poems. The poem “Toads” is expressed the poet’s disgust with a vice-like grip of a routined engagement.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
What does the poet mean by toads?
Answer:
The poet means by toads that they sit heavy with their hunkers which are as cold as snow.

Question 2.
How do the two questions with which the poem begins set the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The poet is disgusted with the toad that squats on his life. He wishes to drive it off. The tone marks a reaction against the ill luck of life.

Question 3.
The thing that oppresses the poet is first called “the toad” then “the brute” then “it”. Does this convey the poet’s progressive indifference to the creature? What else could this convey?
Answer:
The use of “the toad”, “the brute” and “it” display the poet’s progressive indifference to the creature. It also conveys an irksome attitude of the poet to the creature.

Question 4.
Which stanza expresses the poet’s intense disgust? What is he disgusted with?
Answer:
The poet is disgusted with a vice-like grip of a routined engagement.

Question 5.
Identify the stanza where alliteration is most pronounced? What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant speech sounds in the sequence of nearby woods. This is prominent in “Lots” of folk five on their wits/lecturers, lispers/losels, loblolly men, louts …”

Question 6.
What is the poet’s attitude to the people ‘who live on their wits? Why does he cite their examples?
Answer:
The poet holds a positive view for the people who live on their wits. He cites examples of witty persons because they don’t end as paupers.

Question 7.
What can the poet mean by the expression “Their unspeakable wives”?
Answer:
The wives are unspeakable because they cannot be studied and spoken off. They are unscrutable and unspeakable. They are as skinny as whippets.

Question 8.
What is the poet’s wish in Stanza 6?
Answer:
The poet says this in Stanza 6 which reflects an unpleasant experience. When one does not want the pension that is offered and one get’s angry.

Question 9.
In the first stanza the poet says “why should I let the toad work/squat on my life; in Stanza 7 he says” “For something sufficiently toad-like / squats in me too.” Are they two different squatters? Is there a difference of mood between Stanza -1 and Stanza – 7?
Answer: The squatter in stanza- 1 and the one in Stanza- 7 are different squatters. There is a difference of mood between Stanza- 1 and Stanza – 7.

Question 10.
What does the poet require from life? Is he frustrated because he can’t get “All at one sitting”?
Answer:
The poet requires a free and enchanting life rather than the routined engagement. He is not frustrated as such in the lines indicated.

Question 11.
The poet is a deft manipulated of words but he envies those who make a living through unscrupulous manipulation of words, who “blarney” their way to success. What could he mean would you consider it mock modesty?
Answer:
The poet through his enjoy of those who make a living through unscrupulous manipulation of words is quite choosy and idealist in employing right words in the right situations. It can be termed as a mock modesty.

Question 12.
What do these lines mean? Attempt a simple and brief paraphrase.
“I don’t say, one bodies the other
One’s spiritual truth
But I do say it’s hard to lose either.
When you have both”.
Answer:
These lines have a bearing with the previous lines. Something to ad-like sits in him heavy with its hind legs which never allow to blarney his way to getting the feme, the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth. It is also difficult to lose either of the two in the event of having the both.

Composition:

Question 1.
Assess the significance of the little “Toads”?
Answer:
The poem ‘Toads” is composed by Philip Larking, an eminent and out-standing poet of the post-war generation. His poetry responds to all the tints and flavours of provinced life. He has indeed great mastery in proving apt and suggestive title to his poems. His quality in this sense is superb and fantastic. This is a typical poem demonstrating this quality.

However, the title of work of art must be pointed, precise, concise, sharp and suggestive. It should be lie a colourful and attractive signboard which attracts the attention of the customers instantly. It can also show the inside contents of the shop. Similarly an attractive and suggestive title makes the reader spell bound to go through the piece of writing with much interest and fascination. The discussing poem ‘Toads” is sucha poem which satisfies all the characteristics of a good title. Toads are very inactive, rough and ugly creatures that sit heavy hindering its and other progress simultaneously.

The little taken from these living makes it clear that the toads keeping hanging on the poet which hinder his progress. Moreover, the poet starts the poem with two questions at the outset of the poem. One, “Why should I let the toad work/squat on my life?” Second, can I use my wit as a pitchfork/And drive the brute off?” The second stanza of the poem says that the toad soils six days of the week with its sickening poison just for paying a few bills that is out of proportion. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly- men, louts don’t end as paupers. Yet many more people live up lanes with fires in a bucket that eat winds falls and tinned sardines and seem to like it.

In the fifth stanza, the poet says that their children here got bare feet, their unspeakable wives are skinny as small thin racing dogs and yet no one actually stores. Had he been courageous enough to shout “stuff your pension” but he knows, all too well, that is the stuff that dreams are made on. In the seventh, eighth and ninth stanzas, the poet continues his thoughts saying that for something sufficiently toad-like squats in him to blarney his way to getting the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth but he does say that it is hard to lose either when one has the both. As a matter of fact, it is very much clear from the above description that, the title of the poem is apt and suggestive. The poet’s explanation about the toads as really fantastic, outstanding, though-provoking and appropriate.

Question 2.
Write an appreciation of the poem. First state the theme and say briefly how this theme is related to “Toads”. Then discuss how the problem is introduced and elaborated in the poem and whether there is any suggestion of a resolution of the problem. Also examine how the introducing stanza and the concluding stanza are related to each other and so the stanza in between. Identify the unusual words in the poem, if you find any and point out their relevance in the poem. And conclude your appreciation with your personnel response to the theme and its treatment in the poem.
Answer:
In fact, Philip Larkin’s poem ‘Toads” is his superb and fantastic composition. Here he expresses his disgust with a vice like grip of routined engagement. It is such a poem which satisfies the characteristics of a good poem. Toads are very inactive, rough and ugly creatures,
that sit heavy hindering its and the other’s progress simultaneously. The title taken from these living beings makes it clear that the toads keep hanging on the poet which hinder his progress.

However, the poet starts the poem with two questions at the outset of the poem One is –
“why should I let the toad work/squat on my life”? The second one is – “can’t I use my wit as a pitch work /And drive the brute off?” The second stanza of the poem says that the toad soils six days of the week with its sickening poison just for paying a few bills that is out of preparation. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly-men, louts don’t end as paupers yet, many more people live up lanes with fires in a bucket that act windfalls and tinned sardines and seemed to like it.

Moreover, the poet delineates in the fifth stanza that their children have got bare feet; their unspeakable wives are skinny as small racing dogs and yet no one actually shores”, but he knows all two well, that is the stuff that dreams are made on. In the seventh, eighth and ninth stanza the poet continues his thought saying that for something sufficiently toad like squats in him too. Its hind legs are so heavy that they are as hard luck and cold as snow which will never allow him to blarney his way to getting the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting.

He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth but he does say that it is hard to lose either when one has the both.
The presence of alliteration which is a repetition of speech sounds in the sequence of nearby words makes the poem very effective. The initial’s sounds in the words ‘six’ ‘soils’ and the final ‘s’ sound in the words- ‘that’s, ‘proportion’; The I sounds in ‘tots’ ‘folk’, ‘live’, ‘lecturers’, ‘lispers’, ‘losels’, ‘loblolly-men’, Touts’ etc. are the alliterative sounds that enrich the poem As a matter of feet, the poem ‘Toads” of Philip Larkin is a typical masterpiece of suggestion which teaches and delights at one. The way he conveys the theme through toads is really superb
and outstanding. One the whole, the poem is inspiring, thought-provoking, elevating and heart-touching.

Toads Summary in English

Why should the speaker let the toad work and quat it on his life? Whether he can use his intelligence as a pitch form and drive the brute off. It soils six days out of seven with its sickening poison. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly-men, louts don’t end as paupers. Lots of people also live up lanes with files in a bucket and act windfalls and tinned surdines. Their children have got bare fact. Their unspeakable wives are skinny as whippets and no one actually stars. The speaker can’t have say to shut “stuff your pension”. But he knows everything very well that dreams are made on Because something sufficiently toad-like sits on him and its hunkers are heavy as hard luck and cold as snow and will never allow him to talk pleasant but untrue things in order to convince or persuade people. He wishes to get the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies one other one’s spiritual truth but he says it is hard to lose either when both are heard.

Analytical Outlines:

• The poet begins the poem with a question.
• Why should the speaker let the toad work and quit it on his life?
• Whether he can use his intelligence.
• He can use it as a pitchfork.
• He can drive the brute off.
• It soils six days out of seven.
• It soils with its sickening poison.
• A lot of people live on their wits.
• Lecturers and whispers don’t end as paupers.
• G. Losels, loblolly-men, and louts don’t end as paupers.
• Lots of people also live up lanes.
• They live up with fires in a bucket.
• They act windfalls.
• They act tinned surdines.
• Their children have got bare feet.
• Their unspeakable wives are skinny.
• They are skinny as whippets.
• No one actually starves.
• The speaker shouts something.
• He shouts, “stuff your poison”.
• But he knows everything very well.
• He knows that dreams are made on.
• Because, something sufficiently toad-like sits on him.
• Its hunkers are heavy.
• These are like hard hick.
• These are as cold as now.
• They will never allow him to talk pleasant.
• They will never allow him untrue things in order to convince or persuade.
• He wishes to get the fame.
• He wishes to get the money all at one sitting.
• He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth.
• But he says it is hard to lose.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

squat – to sit on one’s heels.
pitchfork- a fork with a long handle.
wit- intelligence
lispers- those who speak with a speech fault
losels- loafers.
loblolly-men- those who trick others into giving them money.
louts- rude, violent men.
windfalls- fruits blowing offa tree
sardines- small young fish that are often pecked in flat metal boxes.
whippets- small thin racing dogs
nippers- children.
stuff your pension- you say this when you do not want the pension that is offered and you are angry
hunkers- bent knees while the toad is sitting.
blarney- talk pleasant but untrue things in order to convince or persuade people.

Read More:

• Indian Children Speak Question Answer
• The Goat Paths Question Answer
• Of a Questionable Conviction Question Answer
• Mirror Question Answer
• Toads Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text B: Typing your own Blood Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 2 Typing your own Blood Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Typing your own Blood Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity – 8

Comprehension:
Question 1.
What does typing someone’s blood mean?
Answer:
Typing someone’s blood means determining the exact type of blood a person usually has. It was make one know one’s blood – group whether ‘A’ or ‘B’ or ‘O’.

Question 2.
What materials are necessary to type one’s blood? Which paragraphs tell you about these materials?
Answer:
Alcohol – soaked cotton balls, sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1ml. of saline solution, anti-A anti- B and anti- Rhserum with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides, a grease pencil, a posture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low-heat sources are used on typing one’s blood.

Question 3.
What are the three stages of experimental process described in this text? Name them.
Answer:
First label one slide Rh with a grease pencil and place it under the low-heat source. Divide the cool slide into two equal portions labeling one side A and B and a drop of anti- Rh to warm the Rh slide. In the second stage, use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab your middle or ring finger opening the sterile lancet prick the sterile finger once. Collect several drop of blood in the tube containing saline solution. In the third stage, using the porture pipette, transfer one drop of saline solution containing blood to each of the anti- A, anti- B and anti-Rh serums using a separate applicator stick. Two or three minutes after clumping should have appeared in one or three of the areas. This clumping determines what kind of blood a person has. The stages can be named as preparatory stage, experimental stage and conclusive stage.

Activity – 9

Remedial Grammar:
Like your Rh- slide experiment, you have only two tense forms of most of the English verbs, e.g. “go” and “went”. “Gone” is not a tense form. In association with the other auxiliary verbs, it gives a sense of completion of an activity“has gone”ora passive sense “is done”. Hence like Rh+ or Rh-. English verbs can be either in past tense or non-past tense.

Similarly like your blood grouping. A, B, AB or O, we can have the aspects of perfect (have + V + en), progressive (be + V + ing), perfect progressive (both combined or simple neither, perfect, nor progressive). These four aspects of either past or non-past give us the 8 types of verb groups. In addition to these two tenses and four aspects we can find do operations or model auxiliaries as elements ofa very group.

In the first sentences of the text, the verb is……used. You can see that it is be + v + en structure in simple non-past tense form. Hence, is a simple non-past passive structure. Similarly, find out the aspect, tense and voice of the following verb groups: Illustrates has finished is doing had been completed was being conducted.

Tense	Aspects	Voice
(i) Past	(a) simple	(i) Active
	(b)perfect
(ii) Non-past	(c) progressive	(ii) Passive
	(d)Perfect Progressive

Answer:

Verb groups	Tense	Aspects	Voice
Illustrate	Non-past	Simple	Active
has finished	Non-past	Perfective	Active
is doing	Non-past	Progressive	Active
had been completed	Past	Perfective	Passive
was being conducted	Past	Progressive	Passive

Activity -10

Composition:
In the passage you have step-by-step instructions on how to test and categorize your blood. Write instructions to carry out one of the following tasks.
(a) Teaching your friend how to make tea/cake/an omelette.
(b) Instructing a new friend how to reach your home.
(c) How to fix a fuse wire on your main switch.
Answer:
(a) How to make tea:
Ingredients: water, sugar, tea dust, boiled milk.
Instruments: stove, fry pan, a flat metal piece, spoon, a seive.

Preparation:
(i) Fire the stove.
(ii) Pour required cups of water.
(iii) Mix spoons of sugar as required.
(iv) Add one/two spoons of tea or as required.
(v) Serve the hot solution.
(vi) Add boiled milk to it.
(vii) Serve it in cups.

Extra Activity – 10(A)

B.(i) Derive adjectives from the following words in the text:
words – adjectives
thank – thankful
prepare – preparatory
talk – talkative
servility- servile
compel – compulsory
wisdom – wise
pleasure – pleasant
value- valuable
importance- important
success- successful
luck- lucky
proportion- proportional
enthusiasm- enthusiastic
completion- complete
reproach- reproachful
satisfy- satisfactory
reluctantly- reluctant
pleasure- pleasant
hastiness- haste
trouble- troublesome
persuade- persuasive
purpose- perposefiil
anger- angry
thought- thoughtful
child- children
despise- despicable
triviality- trivial
poverty- poor
necessity- necessary
deceive- deceptive/deceitful
sympathy- sympathetic
passion- passionate
clarity- clear
day- diurnal
night- nocturnal
truth- true
regularity- regular
respect- respectful
forget- forgetful
exhaust- exhaustive
fool- foolish
contempt- contemptuous
falsity- false
money- monetary
anxiety- anxious
continually- continual
pretend – pretentious
superiority- superior
misery- miserable

(ii) Derive adverbs from the following:

Words – Adverbs
thoughtful- thoughtfully
pleasant- pleasantly
reproachful- reproachfully
complete- completely
gradual- gradually
real- realty
excellent- excellently
passionate- passionately
filth- filthily
deep- deeply
full- folly
attract- attractively
possible- possibly
hunger- hungrily
exhaust- exhaustively
hesitate- hesitatingly
watch- watchfully
sharp- sharply
transitory- transitorily
rich- richly
strange- strangely
ordinary- ordinarily
desire- desirety
force- forcefully
strength- strongly
empty- emptity
foolish- foolishly
continual- continually
eternal- eternally
wonder- wonderfully
compel- compulsorily
respect- respectfully
necessary- necessarily
despicable- despicably
regular- regularly
contempt- contemptuously
anxiety- anxiously
misery- miserable

(iii) Say which words of the following in the text are nouns and which are adjectives:

happiness- Noun
good- Adjective
long- Adjective
flight- Noun
excess- Adjective
horrible- Adjective
ugly- Adjective
praise- Noun
bitter- Adjective
sleep- Noun
transitory- Adjective
happy- Adjective
mild- Noun
appearance- Noun
water- Noun
river- Noun
empty- Adjective
foolish- Adjective
years- Noun
folly- Noun
knowledge- Noun
Mortification- Noun
arrogance- Noun
intellectual- Adjective
penitence- Noun
voice- Noun
inward- Adjective
salvation- Adjective
power- Adjective
priest- Noun
madness- Noun
futile- Adjective
special- Adjective
crystal- Noun
depth- Noun
grateful- Adjective
new- Adjective
guest- Noun
hut- Noun
clothes – Noun
current- Noun
affection- Noun
secure- Adjective
bread- Noun
enjoyment- Noun
origin- Noun
despair- Noun
night- Noun
studies- Noun

(iv) Write antonyms of the following:
greatest- smallest
long- short
successful- unsuccessful
everywhere- nowhere
mature- immature
old- new
reality- appearance
real- unreal
presence- absence
true- false
agree- disagree
begin- end
wise- foolish
quickly- slowly
reach- depart
join- separate
remember- forget
small- big /great
back- front
conscious- unconscious
pallid- bright
obtain- lose
compare- contrast
fresh- stale
straighten- bend
hope- hopelessness/despair
win-lose /defeat
injustice- justice
take- give
sorrow- pleasure
much- less
stronger- weaker
completely- incompletely
remember- forget
compared- contrasted
difference- similarity
disappeared- appeared
secure- insecure
knowledge- ignorance
inward- outward
new-old
despair- hope

Section – C
Between men and women, who are the stronger? Who are more intelligent? Who are biologically superior? Why do you think so?
Discuss these questions in small groups and write down your most important arguments. Now read the following title on the differences between men and women.

Typing your own Blood Summary in English

Even if you do not wish to learn your blood type, the exercise is useful, because it familiarises you with some simple laboratory techniques, illustrates the use of basic equipment and prepare you to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure. In order to type your own blood, you need alcohol-soaked, soaked cotton balls, a sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1 ml. of saline solution; anti – A, anti – B and anti – Rh serums with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides; a greased pencil; a pasture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low heat sources. One can make a typing of one’s own blood with these terms.

Analytical Outlines

• Of course, we don’t wish to learn about our blood type.
• Exercise is useful to us.
• It familiarises us with some sample laboratory techniques.
• It illustrates the use of basic equipment.
• It prepares us to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure.
• We can type our own blood.
• We need some equipment to do this.
• We require alcohol-soaked cotton balls.
• We require sterile lancet.
• We need a small test tube containing 1 ml of saline solution.
• We require anti-A
• We need anti-B
• We require anti-Rh serums with individual eye droppers.
• We require two microscope slides.
• We need a grease pencil.
• We require a Pasteur pipette.
• We need three applicator sticks.
• We also require a warm fluorescent light.
• We also need other low-heat sources.
• We require label one slide Rh with grease pencil.
• We have to place this slide under the low heat source.
• We have to divide the cool slide into two equal portion.
• We have to label one side as A and the other side B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti-A – A serum to slide – A.
• We have to apply one drop anti-B serum to slide – B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti – Rh serum to work Rh slide.
• We have to use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab the middle or ring finger.
• We have to allow the excess alcohol to evaporate.
• After opening the sterile lancet, prick the sterile finger once.
• Now we have to collect several drops of blood in the test tube.
• The test tube also contains the saline solution.
• Now, we have to mix the solution.
• Again, we have to hold another sterile cotton ball over the cut.
• We have to allow the blood to clot.
• We have to transfer a drop of saline solution.
• It contains blood.
• It is transferred to anti-A.
• One drop is transferred to anti-B.
• Another drop is transferred to anti – Rh
• It is mixed using a separate applicator stick.
• It is allowed two or three minutes.
• Now, clumping should have appeared in A and B.
• Clumping denotes O blood.
• Rh – clumping means the blood is Rh- positive.
• The absence of Rh- clumping indicates it is Rh – negative

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

blood type – blood group
familiarise – intimate, make well-known
techniques – principles processes
illustrate – to explain, exemplify, show
I basic – fundamental, main, original
equipment – necessary instruments
procedure – principles, techniques
alcohol – pure spirit
soaked – absorbed
sterile – completely free from the seeds of disease
contain – comprise
saline – pertaining to salt
serum- liquid from of blood.
microscope – a magnifying instrument

Read More:

• Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answer
• Text B: Typing your own Blood Question Answer
• Text C: Some Differences Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 4 Mirror Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 4 Mirror Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Mirror Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
Every one of us looks into a mirror everyday. In which way(s) is a mirror useful to us. Can you list them here? You are about to read a poem named Mirror. Can you guess what this poem tells the reader? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) in her life, as in her poetry, tried to fuse the role of‘Muse, Mother and Poet”. Her poetry is intensely perporial and powerfully confessional. Notable among her works age. “The Cotossues” (1960) and “Ariel” (1965). In the poem“Mirror” Plath shows how the mirror reflects more than mere images.

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The mirror is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
What are the two things that the mirror in the poem reflects?
Answer:
It reflects both love and dislike.

Question 3.
Why is the mirror called the “eye of little God”?
Answer:
The mirror is called the “eye ofa little God” because it accepts reflection whatever it sees.

Question 4.
Why could the poet mean when she says”
“Now I am a lake……….”
Answer:
The poet means that the mirror is a tiny lake which accepts anything that comes its way. It also reflects things exactly like a lake without prejudice.

Question 5.
Why are the candles and moon “liars”
Answer:
The candles and the moon are “liars” because the candles and the moon do not speak of exactly what a women is.

Question 6.
How does the woman react to her reflection in the lake?
Answer:
The woman bends over the mirror lake and searches for what she really is and then turns to the liars.

Question 7.
Would our views of the aging women different if she instead of the mirror had narrated the story?
Answer:
The view would have been different if the aging women instead of the mirror had narrated story. The aging woman would have been a liar.

Question 8.
Here the poet uses at least three of the poetic devices: personification, metaphor and simile. Identify the times where these figures of speech are used.
Answer:
Personification: – “……………… I have no preconceptions\ ……………..I see I swallow immediately………………”.
Metaphor: “I am silver …………….”.The eye of a little god”, “Now I am a lake”
Smile: “Rises towards her day after day.
Like a terrible fish.

Question 9.
“………………….. and in one an old woman rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish”. What is the significance of the image of a “terrible fish” here?
Answer:
The image of a “terrible fish” stands for the slow movement of time and death which are quite immediate.

Question 10.
Do you agree that the mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images? How sow?
Answer:
The mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images. It speaks the truth; it makes women search for the exactness.

Question 11.
Notice that the first stanza of he poem begins with “I can silver and exact” and the second stanza begins with “Now I am a lake”. Do these two autobiographical statements of the mirror contradict each other? It so, how are they reconciled in the poem?
Answer:
These two autobiographical statements. “I am silver and exact” and “Now I am lake” are two contradictory statements of the mirror. But both these statements and their ideas have reconciled the poem. It indicates that the mirror has two personalities. It is exact and faithful and at the same time profound and deep like a lake. It sometimes deceives in depth and is hence dangerous.

Composition:

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of the poem “Mirror” beginning with a statement of he theme and then proceeding to analyse the poem by lines along with your views regarding their communicative value (= how effectively the lines with their images and other poetic devices. If any communicate an idea). The conclusion would sum up the salient features of the poem and end with your general assessment of the poem.
Answer:
The poem“Mirror” is composed by Sylvia Plath, and eminent and out standing poet of the twentieth century. In her unique approach in English poem, plath is really superb and fantastic. The poem deals with something spectacular about mirror. The mirror as a reflecting device does something more than mere reflection. However, the poem is written in first person narrative giving an auto biographical sketch of the inanimate objects. Of course, the poem reflects life in mirror.

The barrier of the non-living things and rises above the personified in the poem to which human qualities have been attributed. It says that it is silver and exact. It neither exaggerates nor condemns, neither magnifies nor belittles. It speaks of as is it. Treats love and hatred alike. It is unprejudiced and truthful. It is the eye of a little god “The eye of a little god” is a metaphorical expression which tells that it is bright and truthful. Moreover, the second stanza is a continuance of the first one.

The mirror says that it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. Faces and darkness separate them over and over and now it is a lake. It says “Now I am a lake. A woman bands over it searching its reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars – the candles and the moon. It sees her back and reflects it faithfully. She awards it with tears and an agitation of hands. Each day, she has drowned a young girl and in it an old woman rises towards her day after day like a terrible fish.

As a matter of fact the poem is unique attempt at making an imaginative and a thoughtful approach to life. The poet attributes human qualities to the living and non-living things. The approach and technique of the poem are balanced and impressive. On the whole, the poem is most inspiring, elevating and heart-touching.

Question 2.
Basing on what you know of the relationship between the Mirror and the Wall in the poem. Write a dialogue between them on the subject of the world around them.
Answer:
The wall – Good Morning, Miss Mirror
The mirror – Good morning Mr. Wall. How are you?
The wall – Fine, thank you – How are you?
The mirror – Fine, thank you. Why do you look so pensive today? What’s the matter?
The wall – It’s because I didn’t see you yesterday where’d you been?
The mirror – I’s in the bathroom the whole day.
The wall – I haven’t seen himself the whole day.
The mirror – You haven’t seen yourself.
The wall You myself. I seen myself in you everyday. Don’t I?
The mirror – You see yourself in me ! What do you mean?
The wall – Very simple Don’t people see themselves in you?
The mirror – Yes they do. So what?
The wall –  I also see myself in you exactly like that. This is what I do every day.
The mirror – No only you, everything and every bring do the same, don’t they?
The wall – Yes, of course. But there’s a difference.
The mirror – What is it?
The wall – Aren’t you feeling me in the room?
The mirror – Yes, I am. There is a lot of things that face me in the room. Chairs, tables, lights and so on.
The wall – But you are vis-a-vis me, aren’t you?
The mirror – Yes, I’m. So also you.
The wall – I do admit it. Therefore, I see myself in you.
The mirror – You see yourself in me, but I don’t see myself in you!
The wall – No, you don’t, you reflect me and I see myself.
The mirror – Why don’t you reflect me in you?
The wall – No, I don’t reflect anything.
The mirror – Oh! you only take from others, you don’t give.
The wall – Not exactly, I neither take nor give. I’m quite unconcerned.
The mirror- Is it?
The wall – Yes it is.

Mirror Summary in English

The mirror lays that is silver and exact. It has no preconceptions. Whatever it sees it accepts into its delicate surface and produce just as it is. It is unmisted by Love or dislike. It accepts everything be it a thing of love or hatred. It is not cruel. It is truthful. Most of the time-it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. The person who wishes to get his reflection through it looks at it and thinks it as a past of his heart. Faces and darkness separate the on looker and the mirror over and over. The mirror is a lake. A woman bends over it searching her reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to these liars, the candles or the moon. She rewards it with tears and an agitation of hands. It is important to her, she comes and goes. Each morning her face replaces the darkness. She has drowned a young girl and an old woman rises from it towards her(the young girl).

Analytical Outlines:

• The mirror says that it is silver and exact.
• It has no preconceptions.
• It has delicate surface.
• It accepts what it sees.
• It produces just as it is.
• It is unmisted by love.
• It is also unmisted by dislike.
• It accepts everything.
• It may be love.
• It may be hatred.
• It is not cruel.
• It is truthfull.
• Most of the time, it meditates on the opposite wall.
• It is pink with speckles.
• A person wishes to get his reflection.
• He looks at it.
• He thinks it as a part of his heart.
• Faces and darkness separate the onlooker and mirror over and over.
• The mirror is a lake.
• A woman bends over it.
• She searches her reaches for.
• She searches in it what she really it.
• Then she turns to those liars.
• She turns to the candles.
• She turns to the moon.
• She rewards it with tears.
• She rewards it with an agitation of hands.
• It is important to her.
• She comes and goes.
• Each morning, her face replaces the domes.
• Each morning her face replaces the darkness
• She has drowned a young girl.
• An old woman rises from it towards her.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
preconceptions- opinions formed before knowing actual facts.
accept – to receive, to agree to
delicate- pleasing, graceful, tender
unmisted- not prejudiced, unaffected
hatred- disliking
cruel- pitiless, savage, severe, painful
meditate- consider deeply
speckles- sports
agitation- disturbance
domes- a rounded vault
flickers- flashing on and off quickly, agitation of
hands- waving of hands.

Read More:

• Indian Children Speak Question Answer
• The Goat Paths Question Answer
• Of a Questionable Conviction Question Answer
• Mirror Question Answer
• Toads Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 1 ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answers CHSE Odisha

‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity -1

Relation Between Parts of a Text:
If you are asked to divide the lesson into 5 sections in order to make notes, where possibly could you draw the lines separating the sections?
Write the paragraph number and the last word of the paragraph after which you will start a new section. Suggest a title for each section.
Answer:
Section- 1: Paragraph-1 …………… harmful
Title: Old Fashioned Remedies for Cold
Section- 2: Paragraphs – 2-4 …………avoided
Title: Morphine, Codeine and Papaverine as Remedies.
Section- 3: Paragraphs 5-6 ………… cold
Title: What The Scientists Studied.
Section- 4: Paragraphs 7-8 ………………..complications
Title: Opium Derivatives and Bed Rest.
Section- 5: Paragraph-9 ……………………..before
Title: Hot Baths and Cold Measurement

Activity – 2

Summary skill:
Of the following six statements only three are main points of the passage. Identify them:
(i) Many widely advertised cures and home remedies for cold are worthless or harmful
(ii) Students treated with sugar tablets showed little improvement.
(iii) Neither vaccines, nor vitamins and any other dietary measures prevent cold.
(iv) Nasal drops and sprays are found to be dangerous.
(v) Staying in bed for the duration of the cold was the only remedy that showed any result.

Activity-3

Comprehension:
Question 1.
The second paragraph possesses a question, what is it?
Answer:
The question is: Is there any remedy, then, of value in the treatment of colds?

Question 2.
What answer does the writer suggest?
Answer:
The writer says that there is scarcely any viable alternative for the treatment of common cold. However, there are a good many kinds of medicines which can be administered against cold.

Question 3.
How does the writer establish his answer?
Answer:
The writer picks up names like Morphine, Codeine, Papaverine combination, quinine hot water, air and stream baths were used as common therapies for cold but not as permanent cures.

Question 4.
What further recommendations did the writer make?
Answer:
The writer also brought out the names of different experts such as Dr. Russell Cecil, Dr. FitzHutter, De Quineeywhose findings were the best recommendations in the treatment of cold.

Activity – 4

Sequence In an Experiment:
What are the steps of the experiments mentioned in paragraph 4 and 5? Rearrange the steps given below in proper order:
(i) Record the health conditions of the patients at regular intervals.
(ii) Record initial health conditions of all the patients.
(iii) Compare the health conditions of the experiments group with that of the control group.
(iv) Prepare dummy to mixture.
(v) Draw inference after analysis of findings.
(vi) Divide the patients into experimental and control groups.
(vii) Select sample patients.
(viii) Prepare Codeine- Papaverine mixture.

Activity -5

Composition:
In this part of the country Tulsi leaves with honey are considered remedies for common cold. If you have to conduct an investigation to ascertain the truth of this belief, how will you organise the experiment? You can take clues from the reading passage and write down the steps of your proposed experiment.

Activity – 6

Remedial Grammar:
Morphine (which is) a derivative of opium, showed excellent results. (Paragraph – 3)
This preparation (which is) common called copavin, is not advertised to the public (Paragraph- 5)
In these sentences you have seen examples of non-defining relative clauses. Such clauses are separated from the main clauses with the help of commas. Secondly, the relative pronoun (like ‘which) and the ‘be’ verb can be omitted. The relative clauses without the relative pronoun and the ‘be’ verb are called the reduced relative clause. Similar reduction is possible in defining relative clauses also. Now reduce the relative clauses in the following sentences:
(a) They stood on the bridge which was connecting Cuttack with Jagatpur.
(b) The girl who is standing at the bus stop over there is my sister.
(c) The weapon that was used in the murder has been found.
(d) The boys who are being chosen for the college team are all under 18.
(e) The wooden beams which were holding up the roof have been damaged.

Activity – 7

Remedial Grammar:
1. Nasal congestion and stillness are reduced.
2. It was found that powered opium and Dover’s powder were beneficial.
3. The progress of the cold seemed to be arrested.
4. Commercial remedies are still sold.
In scientific tests were offer to see the examples of passive sentences. Whatever reduced nasal congestion, whoever found it out are unimportant in the first two sentences above. Similarly, we get examples of get-passive and have-passive scientific texts e.g.

When the boy gets chilled ___________.
I had my eyes tested.
Now rewrite the following sentences using passive structures like have/get + v + past participle.

The first one has been done for you.
1 . Our houses looked ugly. Its paint was pelling off.
So we got /had it painted.
2. Raman’s watch book. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So _____________
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So _____________
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown flourished and a wall fell down.
So _____________
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol. But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So _____________

Answer:
2. Raman’s watch broke. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So he had it repaired.
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So she got it washed.
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown of four shed and a wall fell down.
So we had it rebuilt.
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So he got it repaired.

Section – A
New look at the little of the first passage. “Cures for The Common Cold.” What possible cures can you think of? Do you know that science has not yet brought us a cure for this disease? However, the quest continues to find a possible remedy, can you guess any home remedy that may cure common cold?
Now go through the text quickly and see if you guess right. You have only two minutes to do so. Read the text again and identify the cures that have been short-listed.

Section – B
In section A we read about a sequence of experiments to find a cure for the common cold. In Section B we shall read about a different kind of experiment whose purpose is to find out the types of human blood. What’s more interesting, you can learn how to determine your blood type as well as that of others.

‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Summary in English

Cures for the common cold comprise general skepticism. Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year. Obsolete cures like asafetida and camphor are not longer in vogue and popular remedies like vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications and other drugs have substituted them. Advertised remedies now available in the market sometimes prove worthless and harmful. There is absolutely to effective prevention of the common cold. Morphine which is a derivative of opium showed excellent results, but was rejected on account of its danger. But some other derivatives of opium which are less toxic and carry no practical danger of habituation proved to be definitely valuable. Codline and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute colds.

The codlin-papaverine combination proved to be, after Morphine, the most valuable of all cold medications. A preparation, consisting of one quarter grain of codeine and one quarter of grain of papaverine was finally selected as the most effective dosage. The main efficacy was a marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge. Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication. Had they remained in bed while using it is probable that even better result have been obtained. This preparation commonly called copavin, is not advertised to the public. But it is available through physicians who should decide when and in what dosage it should be used. Dr. Russel CecilofNew York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna, both found that the codeine, paparine mixture was particularly beneficial if used by their patients at the very beginning of the affection.

Dr. Quincy, in his “Confessions” wrote that during the years in which he had taken opium he “never once caught cold, one the phrase in nor even the slightest cough. But after discontinuing the use of opium, a violent cold attacked me and a cough soon after.” Less effective, but still of moderate value were several other opium derivatives. In addition to codeine and papaverine it was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial. Quinine also came to be included in this group of moderately valuable medications. In the end, certain general hygienic measures are helpful in the treatment of colds. Going to bed and remaining there until recovery is good advice.

The value of bed rest lies in protecting others from exposure, in necessary general resistance and in keeping the body warm. Hot baths for the treatment of colds may consist of hot water, hot air stream. The effect of these baths is to dialate the blood vessels of the skin and to increase blood flow through them. As a result, nasal congestion and stiffness are reduced. Other effects may be obtained with message of or other forms of physiotherapy, with hot or cold compresses, mustard plasters and certain, medicated ointments. If such treatments are followed by rest in bed with sufficient covers to prevent cooling, the effect is prolonged and the possibility of their being more than temporary benefit is increased.

Analytical Outlines:

• Cures for the common cold comprise of general skepticism.
• Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year.
• Asafetida and camphor are considered as obsole cures.
• These are no longer in vogue.
• These have been so far substituted.
• The substitutions are popular remedies.
• These are vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications etc.
• Now advertised remedies are available in the market.
• These are proved worthless and harmful.
• There is absolutely no effective prevention of common cold.
• Morphine is a derivative of opium.
• Morphine should excellent results.
• But it was rejected on account of its danger.
• However, some other derivatives of opium are taken.
• These are less toxic.
• They also carry no practical danger of habituation.
• Hence, it proved to be definitely valuable.
• Codeine and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute cold.
• The codeine-papaverine combination proved to be the most valuable of all cold medication after morphine.
• The preparation is made.
• One-quarter grain of codeine and one-quarter grain of papaverine are prepared together.
• It is finally selected as the most effective dosage.
• The main result was the marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge.
• Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication.
• They had to remain in bed.
• So that they would have obtained better results.
• This preparation is commonly called copavin.
• It is not advertised to the public.
• But it is available through physicians.
• He is to decide about the dosage.
• Dr. Russell of New York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna found something about it.
• They found something beneficial about the mixture of codeine and papaverine.
• It is particularly beneficial for the patients at the very beginning of affection.
• Dr. Quincy in his “Confessions” wrote something.
• He wrote that the had taken opium for something.
• He marked that the had never caught by cold once.
• There was not even the slighest cough.
• But he discontinued the use of opium.
• He was attacked by a variant cold then.
• It was followed by a cough soon after.
• Several other opium derivative were less effective.
• They were still having with moderate value.
• It was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial.
• Quinine belongs to this group.
• It is also accepted as the moderately valuable medication
• Certain general hygienic measures are considered.
• They are found helpful in the treatment of cold.
• Complete bed rest up to full recovery is a good advice.
• It lies in protecting others from exposure.
• It is necessary for general resistance.
• Again it keeps the body warm.
• We can accept hot baths for the treatment of cold.
• It may consist of hot water, hot air or stream
• Its effect is very important.
• It can dialate the blood vessels of the skin.
• Again, it can increase blood flow through them
• As a result of this, nasal congestion and stiffness are cured.
• Other effects may be obtained with message.
• We can also adopt other forms of physiotherapy.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• It can also be done by other medicated ointments.
• Such treatment should be followed with complete bed rest.
• It should be with sufficient covers to prevent cooling.
• Its effect to some extent prolonged.
• Again, the possibility of temporary benefit is increased.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

remedies – panaceas: ways and means of cure.
in vogue – in prevalence, in operation
investigation – searching or examining carefully, enquiry into a matter.
uniformly – identically, almost the same, equally
distinct – distinguished, different, separate
discarded – cast off rejected, thrown away, not accepted
one- quarter- one-fourth something
De Quincey – Thomas De Quincey (1 785 – 59), English essayist and critic famous for “Confession of an English Opium- eater”, fascinating memories of distinguished by great imaginative power and splendid prose.
Octean – Jean Octean (1 889 – 1963) French poet, novelist, dramatist, film writer and director who was in the vanguard of almost every experimental artistic movement of the 20th century.

Read More:

• Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answer
• Text B: Typing your own Blood Question Answer
• Text C: Some Differences Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 3 The Watchman Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Short Stories Chapter 3 The Watchman Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Watchman Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section- I

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
How does the story writer present the setting of the story? Does it arouse the thrill and excitement of a detective story?
Answer:
The angler was angling in the tank water. He continued into the dead of night. There was nobody there. All of a sudden, he saw about a hundred yards away. A shadowy figure moving down the narrow stone steps that led to the water’s edge. He thought it might be a ghost. This arouses the thrill and excitement of a detective story.

Question 2.
What does the watchman think about the figure at a distance?
Answer:
The watchman saw a figure at a distance while he was angling in the tank. He thought it to be a ghost. Then he dismissed the idea and from the top step of the tank he observed that it was a woman’s form who stopped over the last step and placed something on it.

Question 3.
“Unmistakable signs – always to be followed by the police and gives some details…” What does this statement of the watchman indicate?
Answer:
Women coming to the tank and committing suicide in its water had caused the police to rush to the scene for actions. This had brought a lot of it reputation to the tank. Keeping this in mind, the watchman had uttered the statement.

Question 4.
What kind of tone do you mark in the words of the watchman in his first encounter with the girl?
Answer:
The watchman told the girl to come? out of the water otherwise she would be caught cold. He hurriedly lighted his lamp and discovered the letter on the step. He formed a notion that she had gone there to commit suicide. He said to himself as to why everyone was going to the same rank. His words mark a notion of suicide of the stranger girl.

Question 5.
Why did the girl want to commit suicide? Was the reason she advanced good enough to warrant such a step?
Answer:
The girl wanted to commit suicide because she was not selected for scholarship for studying medicine. She was going to be given in marriage very soon. This made her commit suicide.

Question 6.
What impression do you get about the girl from her narration? Do her words indicating her self-reliance and strong desire to study and her decision to commit suicide go together?
Answer:
The girl had lost her mother and her father married again. However, the step-mother was co-opearative and careful. She took the girl’s care as a mother. She had a strong desire to study. But she was not chosen for the scholarship to study medicine and she was to be given in marriage very soon. This incident had made her decide to commit suicide. Her words indicating her self-reliance and strong desire to study and her decision to commit suicide go together.

Vocabulary:
A. Derive adverbs from the following:

splash	temperament
except	topic
obstinate	tranquil
sad	silent
possible	stubborn
helpless	furious
interesting	poor
idea	formidable
logical	obey
surprise	race
wonder	pity
afford	pliable
worry	symmetry
comprehend	satire
death	sorrow
fantastic

Answer:
Words – Adverbs
splash -splashingly
except- exceptionally
obstinate- obstinately
sad- sadly
possible- possibly
helpless- helplessly
interesting- interestingly
idea- ideally
logical- logically
surprise- surprisingly
wonder- wonderfully
afford- affordably
worry- worryingly
comprehend- comprehensively
death- deadly
fantastic- fantastically
temperament- temperamentally
topic- tropically
tranquil- tranquility
silent- silently
stubborn- stubbornly
furious- furiously
poor- poorly
formidable- formidably
obey- obediently
race- racingly
pity- pitiably
pliable- pliably
symmetry- symmetrically
satire- satirically
sorrow- sorrowfully

B. Make sentences with the following:

feint	bury
horizon	trouble
survey	retort
obstinate	burden
trespass	livelihood
dismiss	worry
investigate	afford
reputation	exclaim
gaze	announce
bright	breakdown
hurriedly	comprehend
murmur	hysterically

Answer:
feint- He looks very faint today.
horizon – The sunset looks beautiful in the western horizon.
survey- The government has started survey of population.
obstinate – This boy is very obstinate.
trespass – Trespassing is a serious offense.
dismiss – He dismissed his proposal of going to Puri.
investigate – The police investigated the case.
reputation – Hari has an ill reputation.
gaze- The girl gazed boldly at my face.
bright – He had a bright chance to pass the exam.
hurriedly- He ran to me hurriedly.
murmur- I enjoy murmurs of the river.
bury- The dead body was buried in the graveyard.
trouble- I can face any trouble.
retort- She strongly retorted to refute her husband’s argument.
burden- Donkey is an animal of burden.
livelihood- She worked hard to earn her livelihood.
worry- He is very worried about his result.
afford- His father could not afford his study expenses.
exclaim- He exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight.
announce – The results was announced in time.
breakdown – The bus came to a breakdown.
comprehend- You should comprehend the topic thoroughly.
hysterically – The woman rushed hysterically to the site to sea the son’s dead body.

C. Write the antonyms of the following:

alive	interesting
alert	poor
inlet	obey
appear	sad
possible

Answer:
Words – Antonyms
alive – dead
alert – dormant
inlet – outlet
disappear – appear
possible – happy
interesting – disinteresting
poor – rich
obey – discovery

D. Supply synonyms to the following:

abandon	barbarous
abound	bare
absurd	base
adept	beginning
adequate	behaviour
admission	belie
adversary	beseech
adversity	betray
affable	bias
affection	bizarre
affront	blame
aggressive	bold
awful	fearful

Answer:
Words – Synonyms
abandon – forsake
abound – increase
absurd – ridiculous
adept – skilled
adequate – sufficient/ enough
admission – entry
adversary – opponent /enemy
adversity – misfortune
affable – gracious
affection – love /inclination
affront – insult
aggressive – attacking
awful – fearful
barbarous – uncivilised
bare – nude
base – mean /worthless
beginning – start
behaviour – conduct/manner
belie – contradict
beseech – pray
betray – mislead
bias – inclination
bizarre – strange
blame – disapprove
bold – valiant /daring

Section – II

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Do you notice a shift of focus in this part of the story?
Answer:
This part of the story marks a shift of focus. The even of the first section tells about the girl’s sorrows and pangs for her not being selected for scholarship to study medicine. Her inclination to committing suicide has been delineated there. But the second section shifts from that even to the village life of the watchman

Question 2.
Give an account of the part life of the watchman.
Answer:
In the distant past, in his little village home an epidermic of cholera laid out of his father, mother and brothers on the same day and he was the sole surviver. He was turned out of his ancestral home through the trickery of his father’s kinsmen and he wandered as an orphan suffering indescribable hunger and privatition.

Question 3.
Everyone has his own miseries. If people tried to kill themselves for each one of them. I don’t know how often they would have to drown”. How does this statement of the watchman affect the girl?”
Answer:
The statement head a great deal of effect on the girl who was in the tank to commit suicide. The watchman made understand the matter saying the everyman has his own sorrow and problems. He said that the girl was very young and did not know what sorrow was. His wife bore his eight children out of whom only one lived. She had only one daughter living with him. This affected the girl and she looked back at him in bewilderment.

Question 4.
What you think was the outcome of the conversation between the watchman and the girt?
Answer:
Nothing came out of the conversation between the watchman and the girl. As the
Taluk going stuck again he advised her to go home, but she declined saying that she had no home to go to. The watchman warned her of not being obstinate. He picked up his lantern and staff and get up. He put her letter where he had found it. He said if she was going to be obstinate she would leave her alone. He went up steps and left.

Question 5.
What did the watchman believe when he saw the letter on the steps next morning? How did he feel thereafter?
Answer:
When the watchman came back to duty next morning he hurried down the stone steps. The letter lay where he had dropped it on the previous night. He believed that the girl had committed suicide. He tore it up and flung it on the water. He blamed himself for leaving her and going away on the suicide in the tank. He could never look at the blue expanse of water gain with an easy mind.

Question 6.
If you believe the watchman’s words he recognised the married young woman as the girl he thought was dead. Why then should she look away from the watchman?
Answer:
Years later, one evening as the stood on the bond and took a final survey before going home, he saw a car draw up on the road below. A man a woman and there children emerged from the car and climbed the bund. The watchman recognised the married young woman as the girl he thought was dead. She looked away from the watchman least she should have been exposed before her husband and children through their conversation.

Question 7.
Whom do you like more – the girl or the watchman? Justify your answer.
Answer:
In fact, the watchman is obviously the person whom anybody can like. He inspires and persuads the girl for going back home and the girl does not leave. He leaves for home and comes back there the next morning. He takes for granted that the girl had committed suicide. He takes for granted that the girl had committed suicide. He blames himself for at least one suicide. Years later, when he sees children. He recognizes her whom he wants to speak to, but she avoids talking to him deliberately. The watchman shows her respect without reciprocity from the women. This speaks volumes of the goodness of the watchman as contrasted with the nature of the girl.

Composition:

Question 1.
Attempt an appreciation of the character of the watchman.
Answer:
The short story “The Watchman” is undoubtedly the most typical masterpiece of R.K. Narayan, an eminent and outstanding. Indian storyteller of the twentieth century. He is really a superb master in depicting the realistic and vivid characters skillfully chosen from the then prevalent Indian society. His characters, mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer sections, exhibit an uncanny sense offear, in their actions and behaviour, the fear and uncertainties beaming out of foreign domination and a servile attitude of the people who suffer, sometimes they are the victim of social evil and corrupt order.

Such a typical character is the watchman in this discussing story. However, the story writer R.K. Narayan gives a graphic sketch of the character and personality of the watchman in his story names after this protagonist. The story embodies two characters the watchman and the girl the characters of whom need a close study. The watchman demonstrates a greater understanding of man’s predicament and endurance to encounter boldly the onslaughts of misfortune. Moreover, the watchman has a deep concentration on angling in the tank. All the people who had come for evening had returned to their homes. Not a soul anywhere except that obstinate angle at the northern end who sat with his feet in water, sadly gazing on his rod. He would sit there till midnight with the hope of catching fish. Of course, he has a sense of conscience. He advised the girl and dissuaded her from taking any attempt for committing suicide. She declines to go home as she has not any. He gets irritated and leaves for his own home.

Coming back from home the next morning he discovers the same letter lying on the steps of the tank bund, he presumes that the girl is dead. His conscience bites him and he holds himself responsible for the death of the girl. He thinks if he had not left her alone, she wouldn’t have committed suicide. He speculates that he isat least responsible for one suicide in the tank. Again, we mark that he has a sense of respect years later, one evening as he stood on the bund and took a final survey before going home, he sees a car draw up on the road below. A man, a woman and three children emerged from the car and climb the bund.

When they approach the watchman feels a start at his heart. The figure and face of the woman seems familiar to him. The woman is altered by years, ornaments and dresses, he thinks that he has recognised the face of the woman. He feels excited at the discovery. He has numerous question to ask. He brings together his palms and salutes her respectfully. As a matter of fact, the watchman happens to be pivotal character of the story. He is hold, courageous, helpful, generous and benevolent. The way Narayn depics his protagonist is superb and fantastic. It is inspiring, elevating and heart-enduring.

Question 2.
Sketch the character of the girl in contrast with the character of the girl.
Answer:
In fact the short story “The Watchman” is R.K. Narayan’s super band fantastic creation. He is in fact, an outstanding master in the work of sketching vivid and lively and realistic characters. His characters, mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer section, exhibit an uncanny sense of fear and in their actions and behaviour sometimes, they are a victim of social evil and corrupt. Such of a character is the girl in “The Watchman” of R.K. Narayan. However, between the two important characters in the story ‘The Watchman,” the girl is equally essential to the formation of its structure. The girl is ambitious, believe in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity “I won’t like an anybody’s charity” she says.

To the watchman is suggestion of accepting marriage, she hysterically reveals that her cowardly thought of suicide is not in harmony with the bold statement she makes before the watchman. Like most of Narayan’s characters, she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She looks a strong willpower to arrange money shown in order to pursue her studies. Moreover, the watchman saw the girl in the tank bund while he was angling in the tank water concentratedly late at night, she had kept a letter on the step and was in the water. The watchman lit his lantern and discovered the girl in the tank which had an ill-reputation for committing suicide. The young girl was in tears. He asked her to go home. Sputtering through her sob, she said she had not home to go to.

She lost her mother some years back and her father married again. Her stepmother was also kind and cooperative to her, when the watchman said that her problems would be solved if she got married, she said that she did not want to marry as she wanted to study and become a doctor and earn her livelihood. Till that she had been hoping to get a scholarship which would have helped her. But another to get a scholarship which would have helped her. But another not she was given the scholarship. Her mother was going to settle her in marriage which she did not like. As a matter of fact, from the above sketch it is clear that in spite of her obstinacy, the girl is a lovable and lively character. Such type of situation and happenings are general and common in our society and so Narayan’s exhibition of such is superb and outstanding. On the whole both of the characters are watchman and the girl are inspiring, elevating and thought enduring.

Question 3.
Comment on Narayan’s art of storytelling. With reference to the short story “The Watchman”.
Answer:
In fact, R.K. Narayan is universally acknowledged as an outstanding and superb master in the realm of storytelling. Not only in India, but also in the entire cosmos internationally, he has put a burning stamp to have name and fame which is rarely marked and depicted on the part of his other contemporaries. He is an adept fabricator of stories. He is undoubtedly one of the greatest Indian in English, having to his credit a number of novels, volumes of short stories’- travelogues, retold legends and an autobiography.

“Swamy and Friends”,‘The Bachelor of ‘The English Teacher”, “Mr. Sampath”,‘The Guide” etc. are some of his important Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories”, “LawlyRoad and Other Stories, “Malgudi Days”, “Under the Banyan Tree and Other Stories”, include his best known stories. “My Dateless Diary” is a travelogue and “My Days” is the writer’s autobiography. Having an intimate knowledge of Indian life and society based with orthodoxy and superstition, he becomes Indian’s greatest storyteller, an astute observer of Indian psyche growing through the pre and post independence times. His characters mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer section, exhibit an uncanny sense offear in their actions and behaviour, the fear and uncertainty stemming mainly out of foreign dominant and a servile attitude of the people who suffer.

Sometimes they are the victims of social evils and a corrupt order of which his writings are humorous and satiric exposition. Irony at times lapses into cynicism in this writings. Narayan will live forever his beautiful imaginary town ofMalgudi faithfully representing Indian ethos, milie, and sensibility. However, the story extracted from “Malgudi Days” enacts an incident of a late evening on a tank bund which ultimately brings into focus a contrast between two characters a girl and a watchman. The girl is ambitious, believes in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity. “I won’t live on anybody’s charity, she says to the watchman’s suggestion of accepting marriage the historically reacts. “No, no… I don’t want to marry. But a deeper look into her character reveals that he cowardly thought of suicide is not in harmony with the bold statements she makes before the watchman.

Like most of Narayan’s characters she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She lacks a strong willpower to arrange money somehow in order to pursue her studies. In contrast, the watchman demonstrates a greater underlying of man’s predicament and endurance to encounter boldly the slaughts of misfortune. The story ends with a note of ambiguity and uncertainty as regards the identity of the woman. As a matter of fact, the story with its elements of irony and undertone of cynicism is a typical masterpiece of Narayan’s fictional writing. Judged from all sides this story becomes a perfect embodiment of Narayan’s method of storytelling keeping all his qualities in feet.

Vocabulary:
A. Say what parts of speech to these following words belong to:

faint	wet
western	tears
watchman	sudden
final	pity
obstinate	obey
satisfy	her
trespass	she
cattle	sputter
hundred	old
prayer	money
investigate	spend
gruesome	dinner
reputation	angrily
hurriedly	good
same	enough
yourself	dark
under	livelihood
light	far

Answer:

Words – Parts of Speech
feint – adjective
western – adjective
watchman – noun
final – adjective
obstinate – adjective
satisfy – verb
trespass – verb
cattle – noun
hundred – adjective
prayer – noun
investigate – verb
gruesome – adjective
reputation – noun
hurriedly – adverb
same – adverb
yourself – pronoun
under – preposition
light – noun
wet – noun
tears – adjective
sudden – adjective
pity – noun
obey – noun
her – pronoun
she – pronoun
sputter – verb
old – adjective
money – noun
spend – verb
dinner – noun
angrily – adverb
good – adjective
enough – adjective
dark – noun/ adjective
livelihood – noun
far – adjective

B. Make sentences using the following from the text:

Western	get up
obstinate	trouble
trespass	pause
investigate	pickup
sobbing	flung
wavelets	responsible
far off	draw up
epidemic	familiar
survivor	numerous
ancestral	resolve
trickery	episode
privation	excited
miseries	alter
bewilderment	recognise

Answer:

Western – We should not follow western culture.
obstinate – The child is very obstinate.
trespass – He trespassed my backyard to pluck flowers.
investigate – The police investigated the matter.
sobbing – I don’t care for her sobbing.
wavelets – The boy threw a stone into the pond and so wavelets appeared in the water.
far off – He has come from a far off place.
epidemic – Cholera is an epidermic
survivor – The boy is the sole survivor of his family after the super cyclone.
ancestral – Nobody wants to part with his ancestral home.
trickery – The boy fell into the trickery of his friend.
privation – The girl has nobody to fall back on. She is in a state of privation.
miseries His life is full of miseries.
bewilderment – When the son misbehaved his father his father was bewilderment
get up – We should get up from bed early, in the morning.
trouble – He is in a great trouble
pause – You should not take much pasues in your speech.
pickup – He picked up a stone and threw it at the dog.
flung – He flung himself back on the sofa.
responsible – I am not responsible for your problem.
drew up – He drew up his car near the house.
familiar – He is a Familiar face here.
numerous – He faced a numerous problem to do his work.
resolve – He resolved to do better in studies.
episode – This episode is very attractive
excited – He got excited to see his enemy.
alter – She altered her mind to marry.
recognise – I can’t recognise my friend as he becomes.

C. The three forms of irregular verbs:

Present – Past – Past participle
abide – abode – abode
arise – arose – arisen
awake – awoke – awaken
be – was – been
bear – bore – borne /bom
beat – beat – beaten
become – became – become
befail – befell – befallen
beget – begot – begotten
begin – began – begun
behold – beheld- beheld
bend – bent – bent
bereave – bereft/bereaved – bereft/bereaved
beseech – besought – besought
bet – betted – betted
bid – bade – bidden
bind – bound – bound
bite – bit- bitten
bleed – bled – bled
blow – blew – blown
break – broke – broken
bring – brought – brought
bread – bred – bred
broadcast – broadcast – broadcast
build – built – built
bum – burnt – burnt
burst – burst – burst
buy – bought – bought
can – could – could
cast – cast – cast
catch – caught – caught
chide – chid – chid
choose – chose -chosen
cleave – cleft /cleaved – cleft /cleaved
cling – clung – clung
clothe – clothed – clothed
come – came – come
cost – cost – cost
creep – crept – crept
crow – crowed – crowed
cut – cut – cut
dare – dared / durst – dared /durst
deal – dealt – dealt
dig – dug – dug
do – did – done
draw – drew – drawn
dream – dreamt – dreamt
drink – drank – drunk
drive – drove – driven
dwel – dwelt – dwelt
eat – ate – eaten
fall – fell – fallen
feed – fed – fed
feel – felt – felt
fight – fought – fought
find – found – found
flee – fled – fled
fling – flung – flung
fly – flew – flown
forbear – forbore – forborn
forbid – forbade – forbidden
forget – forgot – forgotten
forgive – forgave – forgiven
forsake – forshook – forsaken
freeze – froze – frozen
get – got – got
gild – gilt/glided – gilt/glided
gird – girt – girt
give – gave – given
go – went – gone
grind – ground – ground
grow – grew – grown
hang – hung – hung
here – had – had
hear – heard – heard
hew – hewed – hewn
hide – hid – hidden
hit – hit – hit
hold – held – held
hurt – hurt – hurt
keep – kept – kept
kneel – knelt – knelt
know – knew – known
lay – laid – laid
lead – led – led
lean – learnt – learnt
leak – leapt – leapt
learn – learnt – learnt
leave – left – left
lend – lent – lent
let – let – let
lie – lay – lain
light – lit – lit
lose – lost – lost

Section- I

Pre-reading Activity:
Have you ever given thought to why people commit suicide? Give it a thought now and list possible reasons here: What is your view of the people who commit suicide?
Focussing Questions: In this unit you will read a story dealing with a case of attempting suicide. As you read story the focusing questions you will bear in mind are:
(i) Why didn’t the girl want to live?
(ii) It is a justifiable reason for committing suicide?

The Writer:
R.K. Narayan who passed away on 13th May 2001 at the age of 94 is undoubtedly one of the greatest Indian writers in English having to credit a number of novels, volumes of short stories, travelogues, eclogues, retold legends and an autobiography. “Swamy and Friends”‘The Bachelor of Arts”, ‘The English Teacher”. Mr. Sampath, ‘The Guide”, “The Vendor of Sweets”, “Waiting for Mahatma”, “The Man-eater of Malgudi”, “A Tiger of Malgudi: are some of the important novels.

“An Astrologist Day and Other Stories”, “Lawly Road and Other Stories”, include his best known stories “MyDateless Dinner” is a travelogue and‘My Days” is the writer’s autobiography. Having an intimate knowledge of Indian life and society be set with orthodoxy and superstition, he becomes India’s great story teller, an astute observer of Indian psyche growing through the pre as well as post-independence times. His characters, mostly belonging to lower middle class and poorer sections, exhibit an uncanny sense of fear in their actions and behaviour the fear and uncertainty teeming out foreign domination and servile attitude of the people who suffer sometimes they are the victims of social evils and a corrupt order of which his writing are a humours and satiric exposition. Irony at time lapses into cynicism in his writings. Narayan will five for ever for his beautiful imaginary town ofMalgudi faithfully representing Indian ethos, milieu and sensibility.

The Story:
The story extracted from “Malgudi Days” enacts an incident of a late evening on attend bound which ultimately brings into focus a contrast between characters- a girl and a watchman. The girl is ambitious, believes in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity. 1 don’t live on anybody’s charity” she says. To the watchman’s suggestion of accepting marriage she hysterically reacts. “No no … I don’t want to marry. I want to study. “But a deeper look into her character reveals that her cowardly thought of suicides is not in harmony with the bold statements she makes before the watchman like most of Narayan’s characters, she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She lacks a strong willpower to arrange watchman demonstrates a great understanding of man’s predicament and enduracne to encounter boldly the unslaughts of misfortune. The story ends with a note of ambiguity and uncertainty as regards the identity of the women. With its element of irony understanding of cynicism the story is typical Narayan’s fictional writing.

Gist:
Paragraphs (1-2)
There was still a faint splash of red on the western horizon. The watchman stood on the tank bund and took a final survey. All the people who had come for evening walks had returned to their homes not a soul anywhere – except that obstinate angler, at the northern and who set with his feet in water, sadly gazing on his rod. It was no use bothering about him, he would sit there still midnight, hoping for a catch.
The Taluk office struck nine. The watchman was satisfied that no trespassing cattle had sneaked in though the wire fencing. As he turned to go he saw about a hundred yards away a shadow figure moving down the narrow stone steps that led to the water’s edge. He thought for a second that it might be a ghost. He dismissed the idea and went up to investigate if it was anyone who came to bath at this hour. He observed that it was a woman’s form. She stopped over the 1st step and placed something on it – possibly a letter. She then stopped into knee deep water and stood there; hands pressed together in prayer.

Gist:
Paragraphs (3-6)
He shouted for coming. He raced down the steps and picked up the letter. He hurriedly lit the lamp and the light fell upon the other’s face. It was a young girl’s wet with tears. He told her to be seated. He sat down on the last step between her and the water and placed the lantern on the step, took out a piece of tobacco and put it in his month. She began to sob. He asked why she did not go home. She said that she had no home in the world. The watchman enquired how she grew up without a home. She lost her mother when she was only five. She grew under the i care of her stepmother. He said that he was sixty – five and asked whether her step mother troubled her. She replied in negative she was well looked after. He told her to leave as it was late but she retorted that she had not home to go to. But she went to saying why she should go to become a burden to her again. She never to live on anybody’s charity.

Gist:
Paragraphs (7-9)
He suggested her waiting till her mother was able to find her a husband. She glared at him in the dark. But she did not with to go that either, she wanted to study and became a doctor and earn her livelihood. She never wanted to marry. She often catch mother talking for into the right to her eldest son, worrying about her future and about her marriage. She knew that they could not afford to keep her in college very long because it was very expensive. It cost twenty rupees. The watchman exclaimed “twenty rupees”. Because it was his monthly salary, she thought she would get a scholarship. But it was announced that evening that another not she was entitled to be given scholarship. She broke down as her name was not there. The watchman looked at her in surprise. He understood very little of all the situation. She was unhappy as someone was coming to see her the next day. She said again the she did not wish to many, she wished to study.

Analytical Outlines:

• There was still a faint splash of red on the western horizon.
• The watchman stood on the tank bund.
• He took a final survey.
• The people were in evening walk.
• They all had returned to their homes.
• The obstinate angler was at the northern end.
• He sat with his feet in water.
• He was sadly gazing at his rod.
• It was no use bothering about him.
• He would sit there still midnight.
• He hoped for a catch.
• The Taluk office struck nine.
• The wet man was satisfied.
• No trespassing cattle had sneaked in thought the wire fencing.
• He returned to go.
• He saw a shadowy figure.
• It was moving down the narrow stone steps.
• It led to the water’s edge.
• It was about a hundred yards away.
• He thought for a second.
• It might be a ghost.
• He dismissed the idea.
• He went up to investigate.
• It was anyone who came to bath at this hour.
• He observed that it was a woman’s form.
• She stopped over the last step.
• He placed something on it.
• It was possibly a letter.
• She then stopped into knee deep water.
• She stood there.
• Her hands pressed together in prayer.
• He shouted for coming.
• He raced down the steps.
• He picked up the letter.
• He hurriedly lit the lamp.
• The light fell upon the other’s face.
• It was a young girl’s wet with tears.
• He told her to be seated.
• He sat down on the last step.
• It was between her and the water.
• He placed the lantern on the step.
• He took out a piece of tobacco.
• He put it on his mouth.
• She began to sob.
• He asked why she did not go home.
• She said that she had no home in the world.
• He enquired how she grew up without a home.
• She lost her mother.
• She was at the age of five then.
• She grew under the care of her step mother.
• He said that he was sixty-five.
• He asked whether her stepmother troubled her.
• She replied negatively.
• She was well looked after.
• He told her to leave.
• Because, it was late.
• But she retorted.
• She had no home to go to.
• But she said why she should go to.
• She did not want to be a burden to her again.
• She never liked to live on anybody’s charity
• He suggested her to wait.
• Till her mother was able to find her a husband.
• She glanced at him in the dark.
• But she did not wish to do that either.
• She wanted to study.
• She wanted to become a doctor.
• So that she would earn her livelihood.
• She never wanted to marry.
• She often catch her mother.
• She talked to her eldest son in night.
• She worried about her future.
• She also worried about her marriage.
• She knew that they could not afford to keep her in college very long.
• Because it was very expensive.
• It costs twenty rupees.
• The watchman exclaimed, ‘Twenty rupees”!
• Because, it was his month’s salary.
• She thought she would get a scholarship.
• But it was announced that evening.
• Another one was entitled to get it.
• So she was deprived of it.
• She broke down as her name was not there.
• The watchman looked at her in surprise.
• He understood very little of all the situation.
• She was unhappy.
• Because, someone was coming to see her next day.
• She said again that she did not want to marry.
• She wished to study.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

splash – small area of bright colour
trespassing – entering unauthorized
gruesome – horrible, ghastly
sputter – to speak indistinctly
hysterical – violently emotional
survey investigation
obstinate – stubborn, opinionated
bothering – brooding over, thinking
trespassing – entering without permission
sneaked in – secretly entered
gruesome – causing fear
gaze – look, discern
hurriedly – in a hurry, quickly
glared at – looked strongly and boldly at
exclaimed – surprised, wondered, astonished
comprehended- understood felly.

Section – II

Gist:
Paragraphs (11 – 12)
The silent night was stabbed by her sobbing and some night birds rustled the water and wavelets bear upon the shore. Seeing her suffer, he found his own sorrows in life came to his mind; how in those far-off times, in his little village, home an epidemic of cholera laid out his father and mother and brothers on the someday and he was the sole surviver. How he was turned out of his ancestral home through the trickery of his father kinsmen and he wandered as an orphan suffering hunger and privation. He said that everyone has his own miseries. If people tried to kill themselves for each one of them, he didn’t know how often they would have to drown. He remembered further incidents and his voice shook with sorrow. He remained silent and sob broke out of him as he said. He prayed to all the gods in the world for a son. His wife bore him eight children. Only one daughter lived, and none of the others saw the eleventh year. The girl looked at him with bewilderment.

Gist:
Paragraphs (13 – 14)
The Taluk gong struck again and he said that she had better get up and go back home. But she replied that she had no home. He felt irritated. He said that she should not be so obstinate and leave the place as soon as possible. The girl said that the watchman did not know her trouble. He picked up his lantern and staff and got up. He put her letter down where he found it. He warned her that she was becoming very obstinate. And he was leaving her there alone. He should not blame. He paused for a moment, looked at her and went up the steps, not a word passed between them again.

Gist:
Paragraph (15)
The moment he came back to duty next morning, he hurried down the stone steps. He picked up the letter and gazed on it, helplessly, wishing that it could tall him about the fete of the girl after he had left her. He tore it up and flung it on water. As he watched the bits float off on ripples, he blamed himself for leaving her and going away on the previous night. He said that he was responsible for at least one suicide in that rank. He could never look at the blue expense of water again with an easy. Even many months later he could not be certain that he remains if a body would not come up all of a sudden.

Gist:
Paragraph (16)
Years, later, one evening as he stood on the bund and took a final survey before going home, he saw a car drew up on the road below. Aman, woman and three children emerged from the care and climbed the bund. When they approached, the watchman felt a start at his heart, the figure and face woman seemed familiar to him. Though the woman was altered by years and ornaments and dress, be brought that he had then recognized the face he had once seen by the lantern light. He felt excited at his discovery. He had numerous questions to ask. He brought together his palms and saluted her respectfully. He expected she would stop and speak to him. But she merely threw at himan indifferent glance and passed on. He stood staring after her for a moment. Baffled, he said to himself that perhaps she was someone else and turned to go home resolving dismiss the whole episode from his mind.

Analytical Outlines:

• The silent night was stabbed by her sobbing.
• Some night birds rustled the water.
• Wavelets beat upon the shore.
• He saw her suffering.
• He found his own sorrows in life.
• It automatically came to his mind.
• It was the happening of that for off off times.
• His home was in a little village.
• An epidermic of cholera laid out his father.
• It also laid out his mother and brothers.
• All it happened on his same day.
• He was the sole survior.
• He was turned out of his ancestral home.
• It happened due to the trickery of his father’s kinsmen.
• He wandered as on orphan.
• He had to undergo suffering hunger and privation.
• He said that everyone has his own miseries.
• But people did not kill themselves for this.
• Rather they struggle for existence.
• He remembered further incidents.
• His voice shook with sorrow.
• He remained silent.
• A sob broke out of him.
• He prayed to all the gods in the world.
• He prayed for a son.
• His wife bore him eight children.
• Only lived one daughter.
• None of the others saw the eleventh year.
• The girl looked at him with bewilderment.
• The talking struck again.
• He said that she had better got up.
• She should go back home.
• But she replied that she had no home.
• He felt irritated.
• He said that she should not be so obstinate.
• He left the place immediately.
• The girls said that the watchman did not know her trouble.
• He picked up his later and got up.
• He put her letter down where he found it.
• He warned her that she was becoming very obstinate.
• He left her there alone.
• He should not be blamed.
• He paused for a moment.
• He looked at her.
• He went up the steps.
• Not a word passed between them again.
• Next morning, he came back to his duty.
• He hurried down the stone steps.
• He picked up the letter and gazed on it.
• He helplessly wished something.
• It could tell him about her fete.
• He tore it up.
• He flung it on water.
• He watched the bits float offon ripples.
• He blamed himself for leaving her.
• He went away in that previous night.
• He said that he was responsible for at least one suicide.
• He could never look at the blue expanse of water again with an easy mind.
• Even many months later, he could not be certain.
• The remains of a body would not come up all of a sudden.
• Years later one evening, he stood on the bund.
• He took a final survey before going home.
• He saw a car draw up on the road below.
• Aman, woman and three children emerged from the car.
• They climbed the bund.
• They approached towards the watchman.
• The face of the woman seemed familiar to him.
• The woman was altered by years ornaments and dress.
• Still then he recognised her face.
• He had once seem that face by the lantern light.
• He felt excited at this discovery.
• He had a lot of questions to ask.
• He saluted her respectfully.
• He expected she would stop and speak to him.
• But she only threw at him an indifferent glance.
• Then she passed on.
• He stood staring after her for a moment.
• He baffled and said that perhaps she was someone else.
• She turned to go home.
• So, she resolved to dismiss whole episode from his mind.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

rustle – to produce a soft whispering sound (as of dry leaves) by stirring.
wavelets – small waves, ripples.
privation – state of being deprived of something, especially of what is necessary for comfort.
staff – a stick carried in the hand as a support.
sobbing – weeping, lamenting with tears in eyes.
wandered – travelled, roamed, moved about
expanse – a vast stretch of
emerged from – came out of, emanated
numerous – innumerable, a number of
muttered – made indistinct sound
episode – chapter

Read More:

• The Happy Man Question Answer
• The Tree Question Answer
• The Watchman Question Answer

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The Year 2050-Reflections of a Futurist Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity-1

Vocabulary:
Choose the word from the passage, which more or less mean the following. The paragraph numbers have been given in brackets.
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area (5).
(ii) long existence (5)
(iii) to be flooded with something (6)
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing (9)
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way (17)
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean (20)

Answer:
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area – demographer.
(ii) long existence – longevity
(iii) to be flooded with something – inundating
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing-evolve
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way-genetics
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean – manipulation

Activity-2

Facts And Opinions:
Some facts as well as some opinions to the writer have been presented in the essay. Put the facts and opinions in different columns below:

Facts	Opinion
New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90.	More than 50% of people who were born in 1960 will be alive by 2050

Answer:

Facts	Opinion
New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90	(i) more than 50% of people who were born
Stroke deaths and rheumatic heart disease will reduce by 20% and 50%	(ii) Deaths from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension heart diseases will reduce by hypertension, and heart stroke will reduce considerably.

Activity – 3

Remedial Grammar:
Fill in each with the appropriate verb phrase from the following list.
must have          let might have been      wouldn’t be
won’t be             would happen               mustn’t have rung

(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this _________ sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she _________ they say. But she _________ out of hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman _________ it.
Moti: Well, he _________ it outside. Someone _________ it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You _________ out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he _________ the bell.

Answer:
(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this would happen sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she will live they say. But she won’t be out of the hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman must have left it.
Moti: Well, he shouldn’t have left it outside. Someone might have taken it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You might have been out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he mustn’t have run the bell.

Extra Activity – 3(A)
Make sentences with the following expression from Text A (in sentences of your own). Don’t copy out exact sentences from the text.

Remarkable	Inexhaustible
Survive	Unending
Spectacular	Solar
Availability	Progeny
Antibiotics	Argument
Span	Measure
Longevity	Orbit
Varieties	Contamination
Non-depletable	Cosmos, Spawn

Answer:
Remarkable — Invention of the computer is a remarkable achievement of modern science.
Survive — We cannot survive without oxygen.
Spectacular — Your performance is really spectacular.
Availability — You will be given arrears only in the availability of funds.
Antibiotics — Antibiotics are administered in the treatment of many kinds of diseases.
Span — He lived a long span of 120 years
Longevity — Man doesn’t live only by longevity of years.
Varieties — This dish is made from varieties of ingredients.
Non-depletable — The ozone layer is not non-depletable
Inexhaustible — He continues working still as if his energy were inexhaustible.
Unending — Money is not an unending flow.
Solar — Today many types of work are conducted by using solar power.
Progeny — On need not give birth to numerous progeny in the days of population explosion.
Argument — He argues his income by earning from myriads of sources.
Measure — Can you measure his temperature?
Orbit — Every planet has its own orbit.
Contamination — Contamination of water is a great offense.
Cosmos — One should keep the cosmos pure at any cost.
Spawn — Reptiles usually spawn eggs.

Extra Activity – 3(B)
1. (i) Derive Adjectives from the following nouns.

Bride	charity
electricity	episode
bureaucrat	friend
Minister	authenticity
inclusion	legend

Answer:

Nouns	Adjectives
Bride	brides
episode	episodic
bureaucrat	bureaucratic
inclusion	inclusive
authenticity	authentic
charity	chaste
electricity	electric
Minister	ministerial
friend	friendly
legend	legendary

(ii) Give antonyms of the following:

right	short
seriously	lull
auspicious	above
special	down
senior	strong
alive	transparent
nearness	resistible
include	logical
ascend	legal
persuade	personal

Answer:

Words	Antonyms
right	Wrong
seriously	lightly
auspicious	inauspicious
special	ordinary
senior	Junior
alive	dead
nearness	remoteness /distance
include	exclude
ascend	descend
persuade	dissuade
short	long
full	empty
above	below
down	up
strong	weak
transparent	opaque
resistible	irresistible
logical	illogical
legal	illegal
personal	impersonal

(iii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each:
(a) strong dislike
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow.
(c) to say that something is very bad.
(d) to show pity.
(e) likely to bring good luck.

Answer:
(a) strong dislike – disgust
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow – condolence
(c) to say that something is very bad – rubbish
(d) to show pity-relent
(e) likely to bring good luck – auspicious

(iv) The following words are wrongly spelled. Rewrite them correctly.

burocrat	protected
condolence	sholder
cooperative	dinastic
Goodby	vegetarian
gimiks	colloqual

Answer:

Word	Correct Form
burocrat condolence cooperative good by gimiks protected sholder dynastic vegetarian colloquial	Bureaucracts condolence co-operative good bye gimmicks protracted shoulders dynastic vegetarian cotloquial

Section-A

How will you look after 50 years?
What will be the major changes in the world by that time?
Think of the possible changes in the fields of agriculture medicine and transport. List out three of the possible changes.
(i) _____________________________
(ii) ____________________________
(iii) ___________________________

The Year 2050-Reflection Of A Futurist Summary in English

Summary:

A remarkable feature of 2050 will be that most of the 1960 babies will still be alive because of a biomedical revolution that is underway. Death rules of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably. This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics, better health care, attention to diet, jogging, and exercise the effects in the United States are clear-cut and lasting. But increased longevity and improve health are like to have several drawbacks:

• world population will be larger than it might have been
• low birth rate and increased longevity combine to raise the average age of the population
• A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.

However, there is a really good chance that a huge increase in food production can come from such development as:

• new plant varieties, obtained through genetic engineering which are photosynthetically efficient use less water and tend to be self-fertilizing,
• improved uses of the ocean, including the domestication of seeing animals aquaculture and
• tropical agriculture which will open to the world many billions of acres of land currently unusable.

Before nondepletable alternatives and commercially developed, new synthetic fuel industries for the conversion of coal into gaseous and liquid fuels and the extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale are likely to arise. Solar, geothermal, wind power, and fusion are electric-producing items. By the year 2050, we should be well along toward utilizing two virtually inexhaustible energy resources; solar electric power and nuclear power resources between now and 2050. They are (i) electronics, genetics, and psychology.

By the early in century machines will be available that perform better than human beings. In fact, genetics is a science about to become a technology. This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants and animals to perform human functions. In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants that have improved photosynthetic efficiency, minimum water requirements, self-fertilizing characteristics, and a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities. In mining, organisms will metabolize desired ones tells and thus concertable them for later ‘harvesting’.

In the production of pharmaceuticals, microorganisms will be used as factory workers to produce chemicals normally found only in natural body and plant processes. Finally, in medicine, scientists will intervene in the process by which genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Tay Sachs disease and mongolism are passed from parents to their progeny to cure these diseases before conception. They will also address other diseases such as cancer or heart disease and even aging itself.  Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off. The ‘trigger’ discovery will help us know how memory is recorded and retrieved.

It is not clear till now whether memory is chemical, electrical, or physical knowledge of sharing and retrieving of memory will improve education, persuasion, rehabilitation, personality development, and knowledge itself and open the huge and exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity closer to the limits of human potential. Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply and predict harvest size and crop diseases. Many things can be controlled from the orbit. The boom – babies will face significant challenges in the years ahead.

Analytical Outlines:

• Most of the 1960 babies will still be alive in 2050.
• 2050 will be remarkable for a biomedical revolution.
• Death rates of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably.
• This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics.
• It will be possible to better health care.
• It will be possible to taking attention to diet.
• It will be possible due to jogging.
• It will be possible due to exercise.
• It will entirely affect the United States.
• But increased longevity has several dements.
• Improved health has also some demerits.
• The world population will be much longer.

• Low – birth rate will raise the average age ofthe population.
• Increased longevity will also help to raise it.
• A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.
• This increase in population will develop something.
• It will develop a huge increase in food production.
• It will increase new plant varieties.
• These varieties will be obtained through genetic engineering.
• They are photosynthetically efficient.
• They will use less water.
• They will tend to be self-fertilizing.
• Improved uses of the ocean will take place.
• It will include the domestication of seeing animals in aquaculture.
• It will be possible for tropical agriculture.
• It will utilize billions of acres of unused land in agriculture.
• It will commercially develop non-depletable alternatives.
• New synthetic fuel industries will be there.
• It will convert coal to gases.
• It will also convert coal to liquid fuel.
• The extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale is likely to rise.
• There will be various electric-producing items.
• The use of solar power will be there.
• Geothermal use will be there.
• The use of wind power will be there.
• The use of fusion will also be there.
• By 2050 are will be using two virtually exhaustible energy resources.
• One is solar electric power.
• Another is nuclear fusion.
• These are, actually, highly expensive.
• The author also predicts three more power resources.
• One is electronics.
• The other is genetics.
• The other one is psychology.
• There will be the use of machines.
• They will perform better than human beings.
• In feet, genetics is a science about technology.
• This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants.
• It will also design animals to perform human functions.
• In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants.
• It has improved photosynthetic efficiency.
• It has improved minimum water requirements.
• It has improved self-fertilizing characteristics.
• It has developed a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities.
• In mining, organisms will metabolize desired metals.
• It will convertible them for later ‘harvesting’

• We can find changes in the production of pharmaceuticals.
• Here, microorganisms will be used as natural bodies.
• It will be also used in plant processes.
• Finally, scientists will intervene in medicine.
• They will try to cure some genetic diseases.
• One such disease is sickle cell anemia.
• Another is Tay Sachs disease.
• Other such one is mongolism.
• These diseases are passed from parents to their progeny.
• They will try to cure these diseases before conception.
• They will also address other diseases.
• One such disease is cancer.
• Other one is heart disease.
• Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off.
• We will have the‘trigger’discovery.
• It will help us to know how memory is recorded and retrieved.
• It is not clear still now whether memory is chemical.
• Or it is electrical.
• The physical knowledge of storing and retrieving of memory will improve education.
• It will improve persuasion.
• It will improve rehabilitation.
• It will improve personality development.
• It will improve knowledge itself

• It will open the huge exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity.
• It will be closer to the limits of human potential.
• Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply.
• It will predict harvest size.
• It will predict crop disease.
• Many things can be controlled from the orbit.
• The boom-babies will free significant changes in the years ahead.

Meanings Of Difficult Words:

nascent – just beginning and expected to become stronger and bigger.
arable – land suitable for growing crops.
augment – to grow longer, to increase the value or effectiveness of something.
Luddites – those who are strongly opposed to using modem machines and methods.
spawned – laid eggs (fish, frog, salmon, etc).
spectacular – very important, showy, eye-catching.
cardiovascular diseases – diseases of the heart.
hypertensive rheumatic – disease relating to tension and blood pressure.
heart disease – heart disease giving too much pain.
antibodies – medicine administered against micro-bacteria and other living organisms causing disease in human bodies.
optimistic – a hopeful inclination.
drawbacks – demerits, weaknesses, faults, etc.
longevity – living a very long span of life.
computed – calculated, reckoned, estimated.

aquaculture – water culture, treatment of water.
non-depletabIe – that which cannot be depleted or exhausted
solar – of the sun, the power coming from the sun.
geothermal – ‘geo’ means earth and thermal means heat. Hence, the energy emanates from the heat emitted from the earth.
progeny – the successor of a kind of parentage.
human potential – energy of human beings.
contamination – defiling or pocketing something.
accomplish – to attain, to gain, to have
perspective – a bright and hopeful future
cosmos – universe
decade – a period of ten years
exploration – discovery, finding something from a search.
illustrate – to explain, exemplify
utility – vainness, something without results.
infuse – mix, bind, amalgamate
stagger – move unsteadily due to heavy load overhead.

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 3 Of a Questionable Conviction Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 3 Of a Questionable Conviction Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Of a Questionable Conviction Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
Have you ever written poems? If so, what was your purpose in writing them? Why does a poet write poems?To persuade the readers into his own beliefs? Is it always possible to know if the poet is sincerely expressing his conviction in his poems? The poem you are going to read has
the title of a questionable conviction. Can you guess what the poem is about? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Jayanta Mahapatra from(1928) is foremost among the Indian English poets. His poetry expresses an ‘unhealable rift” a profound sense of loss. A tireless experimenter, Mahapatra’s poetic idiom is subtle and suggestive. His well known poetry collection are “Close the Sky”, Ten by Ten (1971), ‘A Rain Rated (1976). ‘A Father’s Hours’ (1976) and Relationship (1980) and ‘Burden of waves and Fruit’ (1986). ‘Ofa Questionable Conviction’ addresses the issue of how important convictions are to the writing of a poem.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Why does the poet think the man who talks of pain invented it himself?
Answer:
The poet thinks that he man who talks of pain invented it himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 2.
What is the main idea in Stanza 1?
Answer:
The main idea in Stanza 1 is that it is perhaps he who has invented pain himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 3.
What, according to the poet ‘his excuse to live’?
Answer:
Waiting for hours in the night towards another night is, according to the poet, his excuse.

Question 4.
Can the walls be lonely? Why does the poet use this expression?
Answer:
Walls, in poetry, can be lonely. The poet makes use of this expression to bring about a kind of personification in the poem.

Question 5.
“For months together the window has been deceiving him”. What could the poet mean by these lines?
Answer:
The window has been deceiving him for months together, because light has been simply coming in and going out. He has not been able to polish and heart by means of the light.

Question 6.
The poet described in he poem ‘has been trying to polish the light on his heart? How?
Answer:
The light on his heart is poor and the poet is not able to polish his heart by means of the light that enters and exits through the window.

Question 7.
You can easily see that in the first three stanza only the present tense forms are used. In the final stanza, however, past tense forms are used. Why is this shift in the concluding stanza?
Answer:
The use of present perfect progressive in the third stanza makes it rather explicit that the action started some times in the past and it continues into the present. Hence, it has a past reference. The past tense from in the concluding stanza tell that the poet has been doing that from the past till the present.

Question 8.
Would you consider the ending of the poem satisfactory? Explain your point of view.
Answer:
The ending of the poem is satisfactory because writing poem beside a lonely wall does not harm anybody.

Question 9.
What can you say about the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is pain and simple.

Question 10.
What do you mean by –
(i) “The empty window in his lonely wall” (stanza 2)
(ii) “The eyes saw the pain in the mirror” (stanza 4)
(iii) “They did not grudge him that.” (stanza 4)
Answer:
(i) The only well without window doors.
(ii) The poet’s eyes saw the pain in the mirror.
(in) The people did not give or allow anything unwillingly.

Of a Questionable Conviction Summary in English

This is a man who talks of pain as though it belonged to him alone. Perhaps he has invented it himself and made virtue of it. And this man may be a poet. He waits in the night for hours. He keeps waiting for another night because, that is his excuse to live. The empty window in his lonely wall belongs to him alone. The window has been deceiving him for months together. Light comes in and goes out of its own without any hindrance. He has been trying to polish the light on his heart. Everybody says that he is a poet. His eyes witnessed the pain in the mirror which reflected his image. They did not grudge him that such a harmless pastime never ruined anybody’s sleep.

Analytical Outlines:

• The poet talks about a man.
• That man talks of pain.
• The pain belongs to him along.
• Perhaps, he has invented it himself.
• He makes virtue of it.
• That man may be a poet.
• He waits in the night for hours.
• He keeps waiting for another night.
• Because that is his excuse to live.
• It is the empty window in his lonely wall.
• It belongs to him alone.
• The window has been deceiving him.
• It has been deceiving him for months together.
• Light comes in.
• Light goes out of its own.
• It is without any hindrance.
• He has been trying to polish the light.
• He will polish it in his heart.
• Everybody says that he is a poet.
• His eyes witnessed the pain.
• It witnessed it in the mirror.
• The mirror reflected his image.
• They did not grudge him.
• It is a harmless pastime.
• It never ruined anybody’s sleep

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

conviction – a strong belief or opinion.
virtue – good quality
deceiving – misleading, cheating, betraying
hindrance- obstacle, impediment, obstruction
polish- to refine, to make or become smooth and shining.
witness- to see, to give evidence
image- a statue, an idol, an idea, a reflection
reflect- to express, to throw or come back
grudge- give or allow something very unwillingly
pastime- an enjoyable or interesting activity

Read More:

• Indian Children Speak Question Answer
• The Goat Paths Question Answer
• Of a Questionable Conviction Question Answer
• Mirror Question Answer
• Toads Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 2 The Goat Paths Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 2 The Goat Paths Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Goat Paths Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
The goat is a very common animal in our part of the country. What qualities do you associate with goats? Think up five words that come to your mind when you think of goats. The poem you are about to read has the title. “The Goat-Paths”. Can you guess what the poem is about? Write your guess here. Now read the poem is see what it is really about.

Notes On The Poet:
James Stephens (1882-1950), a British poet and novelist, is known for such work as Insurrections (1909). The Crack of gold (1912). The Hill of Vision (1912). Green Branches (1912) and Collected Poems (1936). His ‘delicates inspired’ poetry makes effective use of imagery, the familiar scene is often ‘translated into an image for a human meaning’. In this poem, the poet likes the goats, seeks harmony with Nature.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Where are the straying goats found?
Answer:
The goats prefer to go to the heather and not to a grassy field because there was nothing stir.

Question 2.
Why do the goats go to the heather and not to a grassy field?
Answer:
The goats prefer to go to the heather and not to a grassy field because there was nothing stir.

Question 3.
Are these goats different from the others of their kind?
Answer:
These goats are different from the others of their kind because they behave in different way from the others.

Question 4.
How many times para the words relating to ‘quiet’ used in this poem?
Answer:
Five times.

Question 5.
How does the poet related ‘quietly in quietness’ (line 13 to ‘the moving sky’?
(Line 16). If you were to make two sections of the poem how would you divided it?
Answer:
“Quietly in quietness’ means being alone in a lonely place. The moving sky implies the limitless sky.

Question 6.
How would you read of someone called the first section ‘observation’ and the second ‘reflection’?
Answer:
It would be right to say that the first section of the poem is based on ‘observation’ and the second section on ‘reflection’.

Question 7.
What do you notice in the voice of the poet? urgency, defiance, arrogance, envy, frustration, expectation or a sense of oneness with God’s creation?
Answer:
Urgency, defiance, expectation, a sense of oneness with God’s creation.

Question 8.
What does the poet say he would do when his ‘sunny solitude’ is distributed?
Answer:
He would stray apart and brood, he would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather spray in the sunny solitude.

Question 9.
Why does the poet call the goats ‘wise’?
Answer:
The poet calls the goats wise because they brood and beat the hidden way through the quiet heather spray in the sunny solitude.

Question 10.
The expression ‘IfI were’ conveys a wish. What is the poet’s wish?
Answer:
The poet’s wish is to be wise enough to brood and beat the hidden way through the quiet heather spray to a sunny solitude. He would run away and make an angry sound and would stare and turn and bound to the deeper silence where nothing disturbs.

Question 11.
I would think until I found/something I can never find’. How would you comment on the complexity of thought implicit in these lines?
Answer:
It is just like attaining the unattainable. The first lines is in simple past tense while the second line occurs in simple present form. The use of simple past in the present delineates are unfulfilled of he poet who would never find it. Hence, it is unfulfilled wish.

Question 12.
Can you write a simple paraphrase of the last stanza?
Answer:
The last stanza speaks of attaining of the unattainable. The poet makes use of the simple past tense form of verb, that is ‘found’ in the present context. The grammatical usage of such expression explains the unfulfilled wish of the poet. The poet is of the view that he will go on thinking until he has found what he can never find.

Question 13.
Point out same of the striking images in the poem?
Answer:
There are some striking images in the poem. They are-crooked paths, sunny quietness, crouching, beaten way etc.

Question 14.
What purpose do the words ‘quiet sunniness’. Sunny quietness’ ‘deeper sunniness’, ‘Quietly in quietness’. ‘Sunny quietude’. ‘Sunny solitude’ serve?
(i) They cast a spell on the reader.
(ii) They add to the musically of the poem
(iii) They are meant to create ambiguity for the reader.
Answer:
(iii) They are meant to create ambiguity for the reader.

Question 15.
Can you think of possible revisions of the following lines of the poem?
Line 17: “If you approach they run away.”
Line 30: “And should you come I’d run away”
Answer:
“If you approach they run away”
“If you come I’d run away”

Composition

Question 1.
Would you agree that the poem suggest the possibility of a harmony within the self and within the natural process of life and world”? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The poem‘ The Goat – Paths” is undoubtedly the master piece of James Stephens, an eminent and out-standing British poet and novelist. In this discussing poem, he expresses the possibility of a harmony within the selfand with the natural process of life and the world. The goats and goat paths are natural elements. The process of life is best reflected by means of these things. Life and life’s process are a part of nature. The outer reflections cost a deep spell on human life. It is because the external nature has a tremendous influence on the internal nature of man. Man internalises the outer nature which is at times didactic and delightful. The nature says words worth, ‘is the friend, philosopher and guide’, for man. In this discussing poem ‘The Goat – Paths,’ the poet James Stephens reflects the human self and natural processes. The poem ultimately leads the poet to identify himself with the goats! He says, “IfI were as wise as they I would stray apart and brood ….”. If a man appears on the scene, he would run away, he would like goats make an angry sound. He would is to a place where nothing stirs in the silence ofthe furze. He would also like to think in the airy quietness through the quiet sunniness, he would stray away to brood by hidden, beaten way in the sunny solitude. He would think until he found something he can never and something lying on the ground. As a matter offact, Stephens has tried his best to establish a harmony within the self and with the natural process of life and the world. The way Stephens explains it is superb and fantastic. On the whole. Stephens’s expression is most during, evaluating, inspiring and heart-touching.

Question 2.
Comment on the appropriateness of the title “The Goat-Paths”.
Answer:
The poem “The Goat-Paths” is, indeed, the best typical master-piece of James Stephens, a prominent and outstanding British poet and novelist of the twentieth century. His ‘delicately inspired’ poetry tinged with apt and suggestive titles is undoubtedly superband excellent. However, the title of any piece of art must be thoroughly exact, appropriate and suggestive. It should be like a colourful and attractive signboard of a shop. An attractive signboard automatically arrests the attention of the customers and makes them spell bound to have a visit to the shop. It also explains what a shop contains similarly, and apt and suggestive title arrests the attention of the reader instantly and makes them spell bound to go through it completely. It is like ‘the face is the index of heart.’ The discussing poem ‘The Goat-Paths”| bears the same ideas to prove the authenticity and appropriateness of the title of the poem. Moreover, the goat-paths are usually crooked and they lead uphill. They also wind about through the heather in and out of the quiet sunniness. The goats keep cropping here and there, they pause and turn and pass. When approaches they run away, leap and stare and they go away to the sunny quietude with a sudden angry sound. The poet brings oneness between the goats and his life. In feet, appropriateness of the title applies to the poem. The poem bears all qualities of being an apt and suggestive one. The external natural things like the goats, goat-paths have been identified with human life. The poet wishes to internalise these values and learn a lot from the goats. As a matter of feet, the title of the poem‘ The Goat-Paths” is apt and suggestive. The way the poet has expressed the central idea of the poem through the appropriate title is superb and outstanding. One the whole, the title of the poem is thought-provoking, inspiring and heart enduring.

The Goat Paths Summary in English

The crooked paths go every way upon the hill. They wind about though the heather in and out of the quiet sunniness. The goats there, day after day, stray in sunny quietness, cropping here and there as they halt and turn and pass. There is a bit of Heather spray, a mouthful of the grass in the deep sunniness in the place where nothing stirs quietly in the quietness. In quiet of the furze, they come and lie staring on the roving sky. When somebody approaches they run away. They leap and stare, they bound away with a sudden angry sound of the sunny quietude. Crouching down where nothing stirs in the silence of these furze, crouching down again to brood in the sunny solitude. If we were as wide as they were, he would stray apart and brood, he would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather spray to a sunny solitude. If someone came he would run away, he would make an angry sound and would stare and turn and bound to the deeper quietude to the place where nothing stirs in the silence of the furze. He would think as long as they in that airy quietness through the quiet sunniness he would stray away to brood by a hidden beaten way in the sunny solitude.

Analytical Outlines:

• The crooked paths go every way.
• It goes every way upon the hill.
• They wind about through the heather.
• They wind about in and out of the quiet sunniness.
• There, the goats stray in sunny quietness.
• The goats stray day after day.
• They halt here and there.
• They turn here and there
• They pass here and there
• They crop here and there
• There is a bit of heather spray.
• It is mouthful of the grass.
• It is in the deep sunniness in the place.
• There nothing stirs quietly.
• Actually, there is an entire quietness.
• They come in the quiet of the furze.
• They lie staring on the roving sky.
• They run away when somebody approaches.
• They leap.
• They stare
• They bound away with a sudden angry sound.
• They do it with the sound of the sunny quietude.
• They crouch down.
• Nothing stirs in the silence of the furze.
• They crouch down again.
• They brood in the sunny solitude.
• If he were as wise as they.
• He would stray apart.
• He would brood.
• He would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather.
• He would spray to a sunny solitude
• If someone came.
• He would run away.
• He would make an angry sound.
• He would stare.
• He would turn.
• He would bound to the deeper quietude.
• There nothing stirs in the silence of the furze.
• He would think as long as they were in that airy quietness.
• He would think this through the quiet sunniness.
• He would stray away to brood.
• He would brood by a hidden beaten way.
• He would do this in the sunny solitude.

Meaning Of difficult Words:

croocked- bent, not straight
heather- wasteland covered with strubs
cropping- grazing
furze- shrub with spikes
roving (sky) – moving (here, appearing to move)
quietude – calmness, serenity, solitude
crouching – lying close to the ground
beat- make a path
stare- to look fixedly, to glance
solitude- loneliness, calmness, pin drop silence
brood- act ofbreeding
stray- to wander
spray- to sprinkle

Read More:

• Indian Children Speak Question Answer
• The Goat Paths Question Answer
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Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 9th Class Maths Solutions Geometry Chapter 2 ତ୍ରିଭୁଜମାନଙ୍କ ସର୍ବସମତା Ex 2(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Maths Solutions Geometry Chapter 2 ତ୍ରିଭୁଜମାନଙ୍କ ସର୍ବସମତା Ex 2(a)

Question 1.
ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରଟି ବାଛି ଲେଖ ।
(i) Δ ABC ଓ Δ POR ସର୍ବସମ ହେବେ ଯଦି
(a) AB = PQ, AC = QR, m∠B = m∠Q
(b) AB = PQ, AC = QR, m∠A = m∠R
(c) AB = PQ, AC = PR, m∠A = m∠P
(d) AB = PQ, AC = QR, m∠A = m∠Q
ସମାଧାନ:
AB = PQ, AC = PR, m∠A = m∠P; AB = PQ, AC = QR, m∠A = m∠Q

(ii) Δ ABC ଓ Δ DEF ସର୍ବସମ ହେବେ ଯଦି
(a) m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠F, AB = DF
(b) m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠F, AB = DE
(c) m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠F, BC = DE
(d) m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠F, AC = DF
ସମାଧାନ:
m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠F, AB = DF

(iii) Δ ABC ଓ Δ DE ଦୁଇଟି ସର୍ବସମ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜରେ m∠A = m∠D ଓ AB = DE ହେଲେ ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ କେଉଁ ସର୍ଭଟି ସତ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ ?
(a) BC = EF
(b) m∠ACB = m∠DFE
(c) AC = DF
(d) m∠ABC = m∠DEF
ସମାଧାନ:
m∠ABC = m∠DEF

(iv) Δ ABC ଓ Δ POR ସର୍ବସମ ହେଲେ, ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ କେଉଁ ଉକ୍ତିଟି ସତ୍ୟ ହେବ ?
(a) AB = PQ, BC = QR, m∠C = m∠R
(b) BC = PQ, CA = QR, m∠A= m∠P
(c) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠Q, m∠C = m∠P
(d) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠P, m∠B = m∠Q
ସମାଧାନ:
AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠P, m∠B = m∠Q

(v) ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ର ଅନୁସାରେ m∠BAD : m∠ADB ହେଉଛି,

(a) 2 : 1
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 1 : 3
ସମାଧାନ:
3 : 1

Question 2.
ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ କେଉଁ କେଉଁ ସର୍ଭରେ Δ ABC ଓ Δ POR ସର୍ବସମ ହେବେ ?
(i) AB = PQ, BC = QR, m∠C = m∠R
(ii) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠P, m∠B = m∠Q
(iii) BC = PQ, CA = QR, m∠A = m∠P
(iv) m∠P = m∠B = 90°, PQ = AB, PR = BC
(v) PQ = AB, PR = AC, A ଓ P ବିନ୍ଦୁଠାରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୌଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ।
(vi) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠Q, m∠C = m∠R
ସମାଧାନ:
(ii) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠P, m∠B = m∠Q (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)
(iv) m∠P = m∠B = 90°, PQ = AB, PR = BC (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
(v) PQ = AB, PR = AC, A ଓ P ବିନ୍ଦୁଠାରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୌଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ।
(vi) AB = PQ, m∠A = m∠Q, m∠C = m∠R (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)

Question 3.
(i) ଗୋଟିଏ ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ଶୀର୍ଷକୋଣର ପରିମାଣ 100° ହେଲେ, ଏହାର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭୂମିସଂଲଗ୍ନ କୋଣର ପରିମାଣ କେତେ ?
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC, m∠A = 100° ।
ନିର୍ମେୟ : Δ ABC ର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭୂମିସଂଲଗ୍ନ କୋଣର ପରିମାଣ ।
ଡତ୍ତର : m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°
⇒ 100° + m∠B + m∠B = 180° (∵ m∠B = m∠C)
⇒ 2m∠B = 80° ⇒ m∠B = 40°
∴ ΔABC ର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭୂମିସଂଲଗ୍ନ କୋଣଦ୍ଵୟର ପରିମାଣ 40° ।

(ii) ଗୋଟିଏ ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭୂମିସଂଲଗ୍ନ କୋଣର ପରିମାଣ 45° ହେଲେ ଏହାର ଶୀର୍ଷକୋଣର ପରିମାଣ କେତେ ?
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ଏବଂ m∠B = m∠C = 45°
ନିର୍ମେୟ : ∠BAC ର ପରିମାଣ ।
ଡତ୍ତର : m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°
m∠A + 45° + 45° = 180° (∵ m∠B = m∠C = 45°)
m∠A = 180° – 90° = 90°
∴ ଶୀର୍ଷକୋଣର ପରିମାଣ 90° ।

Question 4.
Δ ABC ରେ AC ର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକ ଲମ୍ବ AB କୁ D ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦ କରୁଥିଲେ, ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ AB = BD + DC ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ର ACର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକ ଲମ୍ବ DE, AB କୁ D ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦକରେ,
ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ DE = E͞C ଓ D͞E ⊥ AC ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AB = BD + DC
ଅଙ୍କନ : ED ଅଙ୍କନ କରାଯାଉ ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ADE ଓ Δ DEC ମଧ୍ୟରେ AE = CE (ଦତ୍ତ )
m∠DEA = m∠DEC = 90° (DE ⊥ AC)
DE ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ ।
∴ Δ ADE = Δ CDE (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AD ≅ CD
AB = AD + BD = CD + BD (∵ AD = CD)
AB = BD + DC
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 5.
ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, ସମବାହୁ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ କୋଣର ପରିମାଣ 60° ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC = BC
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : m∠A = m∠B = m∠C = 60° 
AB = AC ⇒ m∠B = m∠C 
ସେହିପରି AC = BC = m∠A = m∠B 
∴ m∠A = m∠B = m∠C
କିନ୍ତୁ m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°
∴ m∠A = m∠B = m∠C = \(\frac{180^{\circ}}{3}\) = 60°
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 6.
(i) ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, କୌଣସି ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ଦୁଇଟି ଶୀର୍ଷବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୌଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ହେଲେ, ତ୍ରିଭୁଜଟି ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ର B ଓ C ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୌଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ m∠ABD = m∠ACE ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AABC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ AB = AC ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : ∠ABD = ∠ACE
m∠ABD + m∠B= 180° = m∠ACE + ∠C  (∵ ସନ୍ନିହିତ ପରିପୂରକ କୋଣ)
m∠B = m∠C (∵ ∠ABD = m∠ACE) 
AB = AC ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ Δ ABC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
  (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

(ii) Δ ABCରେ AB = AC ହେଲେ, B ଓ C ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୋଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ।
B ଓ C ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ବହିଃସ୍ଥ କୌଣଦ୍ବୟ ∠ABD ଓ ∠ACE ଅଟେ ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ :  m∠ABD = m∠ACE
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ)
⇒ m∠ACB = m∠ABC
(ସମାନ ବାହୁର ବିପରୀତ କୋଣଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ)
⇒ m∠ABD + m∠ABC = m∠ACB + m∠ACE = 180°  (∵ ସନ୍ନିହିତ ପରିପୂରକ କୋଣ)
⇒ m∠ABD = m∠ACE (∵ m∠ABC = m∠ACB)
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 7.
Δ ABC ରେ m∠A = 72° ଏବଂ m∠B = 2m∠C ହେଲେ ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, ତ୍ରିଭୁଜଟି ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ m∠A = 72° ଏବଂ m∠B = 2m∠C ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ ABC ସମଦିବାହୁ ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ରେ m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°
⇒ 72° + 2m∠C + m∠C = 180° (∵ m∠B = 2m∠C)
⇒ 3m∠C = 108° – 72° = 108° ⇒ m∠C = 36°
∴ m∠B = 180° – (m∠A + m∠C) = 180° – (72° + 36°)
= 180° – 108° = 72°
∴ m∠A = m∠B ⇒ BC = AC ⇒ Δ ABC ସମଦିବାହୁ ।
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 8.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ AB = AC ଏବଂ BO = CO, ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, ∠ABO ≅ ∠ACO ।

ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ଏବଂ OB = OC ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : ∠ABO ≅ ∠ACO ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ⇒ m∠ABC = m∠ACB … (i)
Δ OBC ରେ OB = OC (ଦତ୍ତ) ⇒ m∠OBC = m∠OCB … (ii)
(i) ଓ (ii) ରୁ m∠ABC – m∠OBC = m∠ACB – m∠OCB
⇒ m∠ABO = m∠ACO
⇒ ∠ABO = ∠ACO (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

ବିକଳ୍ପ ସମାଧାନ :
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ଏବଂ BO = CO ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : ∠ABO ≅ ∠ACO ।
ଅଙ୍କନ : Δ ABO ଓ Δ ACO ମଧ୍ୟରେ 
∴ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ) , BO = CO (ଦତ୍ତ) ଏବଂ A͞O ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ ।
Δ ABO ≅ Δ ACO (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ m∠ABO = m∠ACO ⇒ ∠ABO ≅ ∠ACO

Question 9.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ AB = AC, m∠CAD = 160°, m∠BCE = 40° । ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, BE = BC ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ଦତ୍ତ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ m∠CAD = 160° ଏବଂ  m∠BCE = 40° ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : BE = BC
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ର ବହିଃସ୍ଥ ∠CAD ର ପରିମାଣ 160° ।
ବହିଃସ୍ଥ m∠CAD = m∠ACB + m∠ABC
m∠CAD = 2m∠ABC (m∠ACB = m∠ABC ∵ AB = AC)
⇒ 160° = 2m∠ABC ⇒ m∠ABC = 80° = m∠ACB
ପୁନଶ୍ଚ Δ CBE ରେ m∠ABC = m∠BCE + m∠CEB
⇒ 80° = 40° + m∠CEB ⇒ m∠CEB = 40°
m∠BCE = m∠CEB = 40° ⇒ BE = BC
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 10.
Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ଓ A͞D ⊥ B͞C । ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, BD = DC ଓ m∠BAD = m∠CAD ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ଓ A͞D ⊥ B͞C ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : BD = DC ଓ m∠BAD = m∠CAD ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଓ Δ ADC  ମଧ୍ୟରେ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ)
m∠ADB = m∠ADC (ସମକୋଣ) ଓ AD ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ ।
∴ Δ ABD ≅ Δ ADC (ସ-କ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ BD = CD ଏବଂ m∠BAD = m∠CAD
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 11.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ AB = PQ, BC = QR ଏବଂ m∠ABX = m∠PQY । ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR ।

ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ଦତ୍ତ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ AB = PQ, BC = QR ଏବଂ m∠ABX = m∠PQY ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : m∠ABX + m∠ABC = 180° ଏବଂ m∠PQY + m∠PQR = 180°
m∠ABX + m∠ABC = m∠PQY +m∠PQR
⇒ m∠ABC = m∠PQR (∵ m∠ABX = m∠PQY)
Δ ABC ଓ Δ PQR ଦ୍ଠୟରେ AB = PQ, m∠ABC = m∠PQR ଏବଂ BC = QR
∴ Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)  (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 12.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ A͞B ଓ C͞D ରେଖାଖଣ୍ଡଦ୍ଵୟ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ  ‘O’ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡ କରୁଥିଲେ, ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ A͞D || B͞C ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : A͞B ଓ C͞D ରେଖାଖଣ୍ଡ ଦ୍ବୟର ଛେଦବିନ୍ଦୁ O ।
A͞B ଓ C͞D ଦ୍ଵୟ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ ଠ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡ କରନ୍ତି,
ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ AO = BO ଏବଂ CO = DO ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : A͞D || B͞C
ପ୍ରମାଣ  : Δ AOD ଓ Δ BOC ଦ୍ଠୟରେ m∠AOD = m∠BOC 
AO = BO (ଦତ୍ତ) ଏବଂ DO = CO (ଦତ୍ତ)
∴ Δ AOD = Δ BOC (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ m∠DAO = m∠CBO କିନ୍ତୁ ଏ ଦ୍ବୟ ଏକାନ୍ତର କୌଣହେତୁ AD || BC 
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 13.
ABCD ଚତୁର୍ଭୁଜରେ AC କଣ୍ଠ ∠A ଓ ∠C କୁ ସମର୍ଦ୍ଦିଖଣ୍ଡ କରୁଥୁଲେ ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, AB = AD ଏବଂ CB = CD ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ABCD ଚତୁର୍ଭୁଜରେ A͞C  କଣ୍ଠ, m∠BAC = m∠DAC ଓ m∠BCA = m∠DCA ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AB = AD ଏବଂ CB = CD
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ଏବଂ Δ ADC ଦ୍ଠୟରେ
m∠BAC = m∠DAC (ଦତ୍ତ), A͞C ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ
ଏବଂ m∠BCA = m∠DCA (ଦତ୍ତ)
∴ Δ ABC = Δ ADC (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AB = AD ଏବଂ CB = CD
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 14.
Δ ABC ରେ A ବିନ୍ଦୁରୁ B͞C ପ୍ରତି ଅଙ୍କିତ ଲମ୍ବ B͞C କୁ ସମର୍ଦ୍ଦିଖଣ୍ଡ କରୁଥୁଲେ ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, ତ୍ରିଭୁଜଟି ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ A͞D ⊥ B͞C ଓ BD = DC ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ ABC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ AB = AC
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଏବଂ Δ ADC ଦ୍ଠୟରେ BD = CD (ଦତ୍ତ)
A͞D ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ ଏବଂ m∠ADB = m∠ADC (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସମକୋଣ)
∴ Δ ABD ≅ Δ ADC (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
∴ AB = AC (ଅନୁରୂପ ବାହୁ) ⇒ Δ ABCଟି ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 15.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ ବୃତ୍ତ ଅଛି, m∠BAD = m∠BCE ଏବଂ AB = BC ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ଦତ୍ତ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ m∠BAD = m∠BCE ଏବଂ AB = BC ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ ABD ≅ Δ CBE
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଓ Δ CBE ଦ୍ଠୟରେ
m∠ABD = m∠CBE (ସାଧାରଣ)
AB = BC (ଦତ୍ତ) ଏବଂ m∠BAD = m∠BCE (ଦତ୍ତ)
Δ ABD ≅ Δ CBE (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AD = CE
  (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 16.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ O, P͞Q  ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ । P͞A ଏବଂ Q͞B, A͞B ଉପରେ ଲମ୍ବ । ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ A͞P = B͞Q ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ଦତ୍ତ ଚିତ୍ରରେ O, P͞Q ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ PO = OQ ।
P͞A ⊥ AB ଏବଂ Q͞B ⊥ A͞B
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AP = BQ
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ APO ଏବଂ Δ BQO ମଧ୍ୟରେ PO = OQ (ଦତ୍ତ)
m∠PAO = m∠QBO (ସମକୋଣ) ଏବଂ m∠AOP = m∠BOQ (ପ୍ରତୀପ କୋଣ)
Δ APO ≅ Δ BQO (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା) ⇒ AP = BQ
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 17.
Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, B ଓ C ବିନ୍ଦୁଠାରୁ ଏହାର ବିପରୀତ ବାହୁମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ଅଙ୍କିତ ଲମ୍ବଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC,
B͞D ⊥ A͞C ଓ CE ⊥ AB ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : B͞D ≅ C͞D
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଓ Δ ACE ଦ୍ଵୟରେ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ) 
m∠BAD = m∠CAE (ସାଧାରଣ)
 m∠ADB = m∠AEC = 90°
Δ ABD ≅ Δ ACE ⇒ BD ≅ CD
 (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 18.
Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । ∠B ଓ ∠C ର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକଦ୍ୱୟ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ O ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦ କରୁଥିଲେ, ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ
BO = CO ଏବଂ \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{AO}}\), ∠A ର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{BO}}\) ଏବଂ \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{CO}}\) ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ ∠B ଓ ∠C ର ସମର୍ଦ୍ଦିଖଣ୍ଡକ । ସମଦ୍ୱିଖଣ୍ଡକଦ୍ୱୟ AC ଓ AB କୁ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ D ଓ E ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦ କରେ ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : (i) BO = CO
(ii) m∠BAO = m∠CAO;
ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{AO}}\), ∠A ର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକ ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : m∠ABC = m∠ACB (∵ AB = AC)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\)m∠ABC = \(\frac{1}{2}\)m∠ACB
⇒ m∠OBC = m∠OCB ⇒ OB = OC … (i)
ପୁନଶ୍ଚ, Δ ABO ଏବଂ Δ ACO ଦ୍ବୟରେ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ)
m∠ABO = m∠ACO (∵ B͞O ଏବଂ C͞O ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ ∠B ଓ ∠C ର ସମଦ୍ଵିଖଣ୍ଡକ)
ଏବଂ OB = OC ∴ Δ ABO ≅ Δ ACO
⇒ m∠BAO = m∠CAO ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ \( \overrightarrow{\mathrm{AO}}\), ∠A ର ସମଦ୍ଵିଖଣ୍ଡକ ।
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 19.
Δ ABC ରେ ∠B ସମକୋଣ । A͞C କର୍ପୂର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ D ହେଲେ ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC l
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ m∠B = 90° ଏବଂ
D, A͞C ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ AD = DC l
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC
ଅଙ୍କନ : \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{BD}}\) ଉପରେ ‘E’ ଏପରି ଏକ ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଯେପରିକି
B – D – E ଓ BD = DE l
C͞E ଅଙ୍କନ କରାଯାଉ ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଓ Δ EDC ଦ୍ୱୟରେ AD = DC (∵ D, A͞C ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ)
BD = DE (ଅଙ୍କନ) ଏବଂ m∠ADB = m∠EDC (ପ୍ରତୀପ) 
∴ Δ ABD ≅ Δ EDC (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AB = EC ଏବଂ m∠ABD = m∠CED
କିନ୍ତୁ m∠ABD = m∠CED (ଏକାନ୍ତର)
⇒ AB || CE ⇒ m∠ABC + m∠ECB = 180° ⇒ m∠ECB = 90°
Δ ABC ଓ Δ ECB ଦ୍ୱୟରେ AB = CE (ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)
B͞C ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ ଏବଂ m∠ABC = m∠ECB = 90°
∴ Δ ABC ≅ Δ ECB (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AC = BE ⇒ AC = 2BD ⇒ BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC

ବିକଳ୍ପ ସମାଧାନ :
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABCରେ ∠B ସମକୋଣ । A͞C ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ D ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ A
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC
ଅଙ୍କନ : \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{BD}}\) ଉପରେ E ଏକ ବିନ୍ଦୁ ନିଅ ଯେପରିକି BD = DE ହେବ ।
AE ଓ C͞E ଅଙ୍କନ କରାଯାଉ ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : ABCD ଚତୁର୍ଭୁଜରେ AD = CD (ଦତ୍ତ) ଓ BD = DE (ଅଙ୍କନ) ।
ABCD ଏକ ସାମାନ୍ତରିକ ଚିତ୍ର ।
କିନ୍ତୁ m∠ABC = 90° ହେତୁ ABCD ଏକ ଆୟତଚିତ୍ର ।
BE = AC (ଆୟତଚିତ୍ରର କଣ୍ଠଦ୍ଵୟ ସର୍ବସମ)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\)BE = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC ⇒ BD = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AC
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 20.
କୌଣସି ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ଉଚ୍ଚତାତ୍ରୟ ସମାନ ହେଲେ, ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜଟି ସମବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ A͞D ⊥ B͞C, C͞E ⊥ A͞B, BF ⊥ AC ଏବଂ AD = CE = BF ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AB = BC = AC
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଏବଂ Δ BCE ଦ୍ଵୟରେ
m∠ABD = m∠CBE (ସାଧାରଣ)
m∠ADB = m∠CEB = 90° ଏବଂ AD = CE (ଦତ୍ତ) 
∴ Δ ABD ≅ Δ BCE (କୋ-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା) ⇒ AB = BC
ସେହିପରି ପ୍ରମାଣ କରାଯାଇ ପାରେ, Δ BFC ≅ Δ ADC ⇒ BC = AC
∴ AB = BC = AC
  (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 21.
ତ୍ରିଭୁଜର ଗୋଟିଏ କୋଣର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକ ଏହାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ବାହୁକୁ ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡ କରୁଥିଲେ, ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜଟି ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ ∠A ର ସମଦ୍ୱିଖଣ୍ଡକ \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{AD}}\), B͞C କୁ ସମର୍ଦ୍ଦିଖଣ୍ଡ କରେ 
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AB = AC ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ A ABC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ଅଙ୍କନ : \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{AD}}\) ଉପରେ E ଏପରି ଏକ ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଯେପରିକି A – D – E ଏବଂ AD = DE | C͞E ଅଙ୍କନ କର ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABD ଓ Δ CDE ଦ୍ଵୟରେ AD = DE (ଅଙ୍କନ)
BD = DC (ଦତ୍ତ) ଏବଂ m∠ADB = m∠CDE (ପ୍ରତୀପ)
∴ Δ ABD = Δ CDE (କୋ-ବା-କୋ ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ AB = CE ଏବଂ m∠BAD = m∠CED … (i)
m∠BAD = m∠CAD (ଦତ୍ତ)
m∠CED = m∠CAD ⇒ AC = CE … (ii)
∴ (i) ଓ (ii) ରୁ AB = AC

(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 22.
Δ ABC ଓ Δ DEF ରେ X ଓ Y ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ B͞C ଓ E͞F ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ । AB = DF, BC = EF ଓ AX = DY ହେଲେ ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF ।
ସମାଧାନ:

ଦତ୍ତ : X, B͞C ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ ଏବଂ Y, B͞C ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ, AX = DY, AB = DF ଏବଂ BC = EF ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF 
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABX ଓ Δ DFY ମଧ୍ୟରେ, AB = DF, AX = DY ଏବଂ BX = FY
(∵ BC = FE ଏବଂ X ଓ Y ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ B͞C ଓ F͞E ର ମଧ୍ୟବିନ୍ଦୁ)
∴ Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF (ବା-ବା-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା )
⇒ m∠ABX = m∠DFY ⇒ m∠ABC = m∠DFE
ଟର୍ଭମାନ Δ ABC ଓ Δ DFE ଦ୍ଵୟରେ, AB = DF, BC = FE ଏବଂ m∠ABC = m∠DFE
∴ Δ ABC = Δ DFE (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସ୍ଵୀକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ) (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 23.
Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । X ଓ Y ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ A͞B ଓ A͞C ଉପରିସ୍ଥ ଦୁଇଟି ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଯେପରିକି AX = AY ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ, CX = BY ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । A͞B ଓ A͞C ଉପରିସ୍ଥ X ଓ Y ଏପରି ଏକ ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଯେପରିକି AX = AY ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : CX = BY
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABY ଏବଂ Δ ACX ଦ୍ଵୟରେ AB = AC (ଦତ୍ତ)
AY = AX (ଦତ୍ତ) , m∠BAY = m∠CAX (ସାଧାରଣ କୋଣ)
∴ Δ ABY ≅ Δ ACX (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସର୍ବସମତା)
⇒ BY = CX ⇒ CX = BY
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 24.
ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ AB = CD ଓ AC = BD । ପ୍ରମାଣ କର ଯେ AO = DO ଓ BO = CO ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱସ୍ଥ ଚିତ୍ରରେ AB = CD, AC = BD ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : AO = DO ଏବଂ BO = CO ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ACB ଏବଂ Δ DBC ଦ୍ୱୟରେ 
AB = CD (ଦତ୍ତ), AC = BD (ଦତ୍ତ) ଏବଂ C͞B (ସାଧାରଣ ବାହୁ)
∴ Δ ACB ≅ Δ DBC (ବା-କୋ-ବା ସ୍ଵୀକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ)
⇒ m∠CAB = m∠CDB ଓ m∠ABC = m∠DCB
⇒ m∠OBC = m∠OCB ⇒ BO = CO
⇒ AB = CD (ଦତ୍ତ) ⇒ AO + BO = CO + DO ⇒ AO = DO (∵ BO = CO)
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 25.
Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC । ∠ABC ଓ ∠ACB କୋଣର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକଦ୍ୱୟ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ ‘O’ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦ କରୁଥିଲେ  ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, Δ OBC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ।
ସମାଧାନ:
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC ।
∠ABC ଓ ∠ACB କୋଣର ସମଦ୍ବିଖଣ୍ଡକଦ୍ୱୟ ପରସ୍ପରକୁ ‘O’ ବିନ୍ଦୁରେ ଛେଦ କରନ୍ତି ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : Δ OBC ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ । ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ OB = OC ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ABC ରେ AB = AC
⇒ m∠ACB = m∠ABC (ସମାନ ବାହୁର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ କୋଣ ସମାନ)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\)m∠ACB = \(\frac{1}{2}\)m∠ABC ⇒ m∠OCB = m∠OBC (ଦତ୍ତ)
⇒ OB = OC
ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ OBC ଏକ ସମଦ୍ବିବାହୁ ତ୍ରିଭୁଜ ।
 (ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Question 26.
Δ ABC ରେ AB ଓ AC ଉପରେ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ D ଓ E ଏପରି ଦୁଇଟି ବିନ୍ଦୁ ଯେପରିକି AD = AE ଏବଂ DB = EC । ଦର୍ଶାଅ ଯେ, DE || BC ।
ସମାଧାନ :
ଦତ୍ତ : Δ ABC ରେ AB ଓ AC ଉପରେ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ D ଓ E ଦୁଇଟି ବିନ୍ଦୁ 
ଯେପରିକି AD = AE ଓ DB = EC ।
ପ୍ରାମାଣ୍ୟ : DE || BC ।
ପ୍ରମାଣ : Δ ADE ରେ AD = AE (ଦତ୍ତ)
⇒ m∠ADE = m∠AED (ଭୁମି ସଂଲଗ୍ଶ କୋଣ)
AD + BD = AE + EC ⇒ AB = AC ⇒ m∠B = m∠C
Δ ADE ରେ m∠A + m∠ADE + m∠AED = 180°
m∠A + 2m∠ADE = 180° (∵ m∠ADE = m∠AED) … (i)
Δ ABC ରେ m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180°
m∠A + 2m∠B = 180° (m∠C = m∠B) … (ii)
(i) ଓ (ii) ରୁ m∠A + 2m∠ADE = m∠A + 2m∠B
2m∠ADE = 2m∠B ⇒ m∠ADE = m∠B
କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହି କୋଣଦ୍ଵୟ ଏକାନ୍ତର ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
∴ DB = EC ।
(ପ୍ରମାଣିତ)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 2 The Tree Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Short Stories Chapter 2 The Tree Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Tree Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section – I

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
How does the writer describe the river in the spate? Did it cause havoc in the village: What was the time of the flood?
Ans:
When the river was in full spate, it bulged up sounding like a thousand hooded hissing cobra. It did not play havoc in the village. The flood came a little past midnight.

Question 2.
What did the villagers do to meet the crisis?
Answer:
As people suddenly realized that the situation was much more grave than they had imagined they raised their lanterns. They ran to take shelter under the banian tree.

Question 3.
The leaves chattered incessantly in their familiar language of hope and courage. How does this statement portray the banian tree?
Answer:
The leaves of the banian tree made sounds as they usually do. Inspiteofthe approaching danger, they behaved in a similar way without paying any attention to the flood and its associated dangers. They were a symbol of courage and boldness which attribute the same qualities to the banian tree.

Question 4.
What were the story behind the mound and the tree?
Answer:
The mound contained the ruins of a certain king’s palace. The king dared to cut down a few branches of the tree to make room for his palace. Perhaps he planned to destroy the tree, but before he could do so a terrific storm had broken out. The palace collapsed and formed a mound. The tree, it was said had taken off down to the Himalayas or other such meaningful places at the command of a certain great soul who lived under it.

Question 5.
Write briefly about the “banian goddess”. What does this portrait reveal about the village? Do you make an element of humor and satire in the description?
Answer:
The “banian goddess” had to regular priest attached to her. Whoever so desired could approach her and sprinkle vermilion on her. In course of generations, the vermilion crust had come to account for the greater part of the goddess’s body. Devotees usually did not prostrate to her, they bowed when they passed by complex and formidable matters were referred to the deities of distant temples whereas small issues were put forth before her. Children in particular found her quite helpful in regard to crises arising out of undone home works or the ill-humored primary school pundits. It works with an element of humor and mild satire in the description.

Question 6.
How does the author describe the different trunks of the banian tree? Are the descriptions given in a serious or light-hearted vein? Do they reveal the orthodoxy and superstition of the villagers?
Answer:
At the foot of one of the trunks rested the tiny “banian goddess”. The revered and sacred bull of the village relaxed beside another trunk, eyes shut and jaws moving. An old woman from the neighboring village on her way back from the bi-weekly market set learning against another trunk. In a hollow at the foot of another trunk raised a family of snakes that had earned the reputation of being conscientious and harmless. The description reveals the orthodoxy and superstition of the villagers.

Question 7.
How was the tree godly? What did it symbolize?
Answer:
The tree was taken to be immortal by all without anybody having to be told about it. Immortality being an attribute of the gods, it was godly. Nobody would flaunt a decision that had been arrived at in a meeting under the tree. There was the seal of some power invisible and inaudible.

Vocabulary
Make nouns from the following:

terrible
collective sensible
advise
patient
remote
syllabic
strong courageous
protect
generate
respond expect
helpful dark
aware
full
cloudy
starry
descend
scandalize
expand crazy
Answer:
Words – Noun Forms
terrible – terror
collective – collection
aware – awareness
full – fullness
cloudy – cloud
starry – star
descend – descent
scandalize – scandal
expand – expansion
crazy – craze
respond – response
helpless – helplessness
dark – darkness
sensible – sensibility
advise – advice
patient -patience
remote – remoteness
syllabic – syllable
strong – strength
courageous – courage
protect – protection
generate – generation
expect – expectation

Section – II

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What is the central incident in the section?
Answer:
The banian tree being swept away by the flood and its fall and uprooting consist in the central incident in this section.

Question 2.
What attitude of the villagers is reflected in the words of the retired head pundit? How does he interpret the fleeing of the birds and snakes from the tree?
Answer:
The retired head-pundit said, “far from the good sign, snakes, and birds fleeing this great shelter”. It indicates the head pundits’ superstitious attitude. Fleeing of the birds and snakes from the tree had taken place owing to the human sins to the excess. They were going to face the consequences for their ill deeds.

Question 3.
How do the villagers react to the words of the college-going young men? What is distinctive about the attitude of the young men
Answer:
When the college-going young men said that the banian tree was felling which would take away a chunk of earth. But the villagers reacted against it telling that they were studying in college, and would they be able to save the tree with their English, Algebra, and all that abracadabra.

Question 4.
What does Srikant Das, the Vaishnav, observe about the impending fall of the tree? Does it reflect the orthodoxy and superciliousness of the villagers?
Answer:
Srikant Das, the Vaishnav observed that not only those boys but everybody in the village has his share of sin. And if the tree was going to collapse it was because it could not bear the burden of its sins. It reflects the orthodoxy and superciliousness of the villager.

Question 5.
Do you find a contrast between the two generations in this section? Explain
Answer:
Two generations such as the old and young are contrasted in this section. The old cling to the ancient orthodox values and the young college students provide a reaction of the student against old and hackneyed beliefs.

Grammar

Fill in the blanks with the right verbs, (for practice test)
l. You ________ to read this book. It is really very fine.
2. You _______ came to work on time.
3. __________ I came in Sir?
4. He is driving recklessly, he_________ face an accident.
5._________ I speak to Mr. Panigrahi.
6. You________ honour your superiors
7______ I see your camera
8. My dear son you ________ do what your teacher says
9. Come soon, there ________ be a crowd here.
10 I __________ read this book well.
11. You_______ take my umbrealla.
12. All the doors_______ be closed because storm appears.
13.______ you say so?
14. You should buya camera now, press_________ go up.
15. As he was strong he____________ swim for 3 hours.
16. I ________ never seen you again
17. You _______ be here by six.
18. It _________ rain, you’d better take an umbrella.
19. He ___________ be on the next bus
20. He__________ to go to river bank.
21. You___________ comb your hair so stylistically.
22. He said that it _________ rain
23. You_______ tell her about it. He knows it.
24. When I was a boy I_________ understand all.
25_________ you read this letter?
26. You _________ be here in time because your presence is highly essential
27. You_________ reach here in time.
28. Students________ not enter into the room with a book
30_______ I borrow your umbrella?
31. When I first went to London. I ______ easily understand them
32. I_______ prepare a lesson plan for you
33. I suggest that you _____ go for a picnic.
34. We ___________ play here.
35. It is natural that you__________ behave like this.
36. A leader ________ be a man of good character
37. He__________ reach here after a few minutes.
38. You ___________ stop drinking, otherwise, death is sure
39.________ came for this insult?
40. I_________ lend you fifty thousand.
41. You _______ use my bicycle
42_________ we go for a picnic?
43. You_________ run so fast because you have much time to spare.
44. I _________ drive this car
45. I wish you _________ wait five minutes for me.
46. She_________ be waiting me there.
47. You __________ be punished.
48________ you help me lifting this stone?
49. You _________ be punished.
50. When he was a child, he _________ get set up early in the morning.
51. We__________ to help the helpless.
52. Work had lest you __________ fail.
53. You_________ read this play.
54.___________ I work for you?
55. He_________ eat all the sweets.
56._________ I discuss with him
57. __________ that I was handsome, I would win her heart
58.__________ I came in?
59. It is too late you ___________ be hurried.
60. An accident __________ happen
61. I _________ help you.
62. You stop _______ here because there is danger ahead.
63. _______ you pass that tea?
64. I_________work for him
65. ________ you show me the way to the Ashoka Hotel?
66._______ you shut that door?
67._________ I carry your bag?
68. I wish you ______ success in life
69. How __________ I distribute the sweets?
70. You __________ read regularly.
71._________ his soul get peace.
72.__________ you like to stay with us?
73. ________ 1 have a glass of water?
74.___________ you have a journey with me?

Section – III

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What is the primary concern of the villagers in this section? In which context did Manoj Das bring in the names of some important villagers? What tone do you mark in the description?
Answer:
The primary concern of the villagers in this section is to protect them as the representatives of peoples of that sort. Manoj Das brings in the names of important villagers to let the readers know how much individuals take the lead in superstitious attitudes. There is a tone of mind satire in the description.

Question 2.
What did the old Brahmin do when the tree was about to be swept away by the flood?
Answer:
The old Brahmin rushed to the remnants of the tree. He sat down on the muddy ground a spot which had been considered dangerously unsafe even by the snakes and mustering all his strength pulled up the small stone that has stuck to the spot. Holding the unrooted crowd that watched him breathlessly.

Question 3.
How did the villagers behave when the tree was about to be swept away by the flood?
Answer:
When the tree was gone, the villagers were excited to utter, “Haribol, Haribol”. They kept up the poignant chant with all their hearts all looking stupefied and some aping.

Question 4.
How does the story end? Is it a satisfactory ending?
Answer:
The story ends with the frantic attitude of the villagers towards the idea of superstition in connection with the appearance of the banian Goddess and the unreasoning belief of the people that the ending is not satisfactory ending. The story is brought to an end abruptly with the child’s words.

Questions For Composition

Question 1.
Give an account of the life and attitude of the villagers as portrayed in the story.
Answer:
The Story Tree” is written by Manoj Das an eminent, popular, and outstanding storyteller of Odisha. Actually, Manoj Das is a bilingual writer of international repute. Here, Das very interestingly depicts the life and attitude of the people of an Odishan village, their life governed by rituals, orthodoxy, and superstitions. In feet, this is Das’s most typical piece of writing which depicts the true and realistic picture of society. However, right from the time, the reason was on the verge of monsoons, the villager’s elders had begun to look grave.

The sinister cloud formation on the mountains several miles away and a widening of uncanny awareness around the moon had informed them that there were terrible days ahead. The villagers felt scandalized every time their familiar tame river expanded and looked alien and began hissing. It gave the sort of shock which are experienced when the domestic animal suddenly went craggy behaving widely and not responding to any amount of endearment. Moreover, the villagers had a strong belief. There was a mound that contains the rains of a certain king’s palace. It was neither possible nor necessary to recall the name of the king who had built it whether he had been of the solar or the lunar dynasty.

What was frequently recalled was that he had dared to cut down a few branches of the tree to make room for his palace. Perhaps he had planned to cut more, perhaps even to totally destroy the tree, but before he could do so a terrific storm had broken out. The palace collapsed. The king and his family took shelter under the tree and were saved. The king elapsed the tree and wept and the story was mitigated. Further back in time, it was said, the tree had taken off and flown to the Himalayas or other such meaningful places, at the behest of a certain great sound who lived under it. On the other hand, the villagers were also superstitious.

They had believed that at the foot of one of the trunks of the banian tree rested the tiny “banian goddess” who had a regular priest attained to her. Whoever so desired could approach her and sprinkle vermilion on her. In the course of generations, the vermilion crust had come to account for the greater part of the goddess’s body. Devotees did not ordinarily prostrate themselves to her, but everybody while passing before her bowed enough for her to take contingency of his or her devotion. In complex or formidable matters, the villagers prayed for the intervention of famous deities of distant temples.

But small issues were referred to her from time to time. Children, in particular, found her quite helpful in regard to crises arising from undone homework or the ill humor of the pundits of the primary school. Again, a Brahmin rushed to the felling tree and sat down on the muddy ground which had been considered dangerously unsafe even by the snakes, and getting all his might pulled up the stone that had struck the spot for God knows how many ages. Holding the uprooted goddess close to his bosom as though to protect her from invisible enemies, he returned to the crowd that watched him breathlessly.

Someone spread a towel on the grass. The Brahmin put down the Goddess and patted her. Bishnu Jena had seated himself before the banian Goddess, several people rushed to their homes and brought out cymbals and drums, and conch shells. These had to be played close to his ears as loudly as possible. He began by shivering. Bishnu Jena was thought to have been possessed. He said, “I will be born as a thousand trees here, there and everywhere” Such was the life and attitude of the villagers as portrayed in the story. As a matter of feet, Manoj Das’s portrayal of village life and attitude is superb and fantastic. It is realistic, elaborate, vivid, and outstanding. On the whole, the storyteller’s description is inspiring and thought-provoking.

Question 2
Discuss how the tree is an integral part of the life of the villagers.
Answer:
The short story Tree” is undoubted, the most typical masterpiece of Manoj Das, a prominent, famous, and outstanding angle – Indian writer of this present era. This story woven around an age-old banian tree of a village typically portrays the behavioral pattern and psychic responses of its inhabitants at a critical moment when the tree is uprooted and carried away by the river in spate. ‘ However, trees are a part of rustic life. This story also embodies the same things associated with a banian tree which was an age-old tree and had seen many generations.

The story, however, revolves around the age-old banian tree of a village. The story writer very interestingly depicts the life and attitudes of the people of an Odishan village, their life governed by rituals, present and future is intimately connected with the villagers and other life pattern. They cannot bear the nerve-racking incident of the tree being swept away by the flood. They even think of the rebirth of the tree in thousands the discussion among the different categories of villagers is really amusing and humorous. The elements of ivory and satire are discernible even on the occasion of a terrible loss to the village. However, there was a mound that contained the rains of a certain King’s palace.

It was neither possible nor necessary to recall the name of the King who had built it or whether he had been of the solar or the lunar dynasty. What was frequently recalled was that he had dared to cut down as few branches of the tree as to make room for his palace. Perhaps he had planned to cut nappe, perhaps even to totally destroy the tree, but before he could do so a terrific storm had broken out. The palace collapsed. The king and his family took shelter under the tree and were saved. The King clasped the tree and wept. The storm was averted. Moreover, many years back, it was said, the tree had taken off and flown to the Himalayas or other such meaningful places, at the behest of certain great souls who lived under it.

But that was an era of truth, and in the absence of some concrete evidence like the mound to support this legend, elders of the present generation spoke relatively less about it, and branches spreading over an acre resting on these trunks had become an institution long ago. Of course, at the foot of one of the trunks rested the tiny banian goddess. She had no regular priest attached to her. Whoever desired could approach her and sprinkle vermilion on her In the course of generations, the vermilion crust had come to account for the greater part of the goddess’s body. Children, in particular, found her quite helpful in regard to crises arising from undone homework or the ill humor of the pundits of the primary school.

The area before another neighboring the reversed sacred bull is used to relax eyes shut and jaws moving. An old woman coming from a village on the horizon sat leaning against another trunk with a sack half filled with greens and drumsticks. In the hollow at the foot, of another trunk resided a family of snakes which have earned the reputation of being conscientious and harmless above, rested a legion of birds. Again, the tree was taken to be immortal by all without anybody have been to be told about it. Immortality being an attribute of the gods, it was goodly.

Nobody would easily flout a decision that had been arrived at in a meeting under the tree, for even when the decision was unpalatable to the party, it knew that behind it, there was the seal of some power, invisible and inaudible thoughts. As a matter of feet, the banian tree plays a most integral and vital part in the story. It serves as the inevitable part of the life of the villagers. The tree provided a lot of emotional and philosophical sustenances that the villagers had derived throughout their life. The way Manoj Das has presented it in the story is superb and fantastic on the whole, the story is inspiring, elevating, thought-provoking, and heart-touching.

Question 3.
Describe the feelings and reactions of the villagers when the age-old tree is swept away by the flood.
Answer:
In fact, ‘The Tree” is Manoj Das’s best typical masterpiece. Like his other stories, here Das substantiates a vivid and elaborate realistic picture of village society where the banian tree cures the lives of the villagers to a great extent. However, the storytellers’ presentation of a banian tree with so much concern for the villagers is superb and fantastic. It serves as a vitally integral part of their day-to-day life. However, the short – story by Manoj Das portrays the feelings and reactions of the villagers when the age-old banian tree of a village, typically portrays the behavioral pattern and psychic responses of its inheritance at a critical moment when the tree is uprooted and carried away by the river in spate.

The story writer very interestingly depicts the life and attitudes of the people of an Odishan village, their life governed by rituals, orthodox, and superstitions. The old tree symbolizing the past, present, and future is intimately connected with the villagers and their life patterns. They cannot bear the nerve-racking incident of the tree being swept away by the flood. Theyeventhinkofthe rebirth of the tree in thousands. The discussion among the different categories of villagers is really amusing and humorous. The elements of irony and satire are discernible even on the occasion of a terrible loss to the village.

Moreover, as the sky in the east grew brighter it was observed that the ground between the tree and the river had already tilted towards the river. The young men tried to appear engrossed in discussing something highly sophisticated. “Not only these boys, but we all have our shares of sin,” he said. He asked one to confess his sin addressing the spirit of the tree, silently in hearts: But it sounded like a cry of lamentation. The crowd swelled rapidly. Almost all the villagers, women and children included were gathered there. Of course, the M.L.A. arrived there walking at a running space.

People asked him,’“Do you see the situation, M.L.A. Baboo? We are doomed !”The M.L.A. ordered to bring as much hope as they could but it was a force. The tree slowly went into the river. Everybody was pained and sorrowful struck to see the pathetic sight. Actually, the villagers had grown accustomed to the tree for years together. It has been for them sympathizers in their active life.

The sweeping away of the banian tree brought the village people a lot of emotional shocks. Hence, the villages had an instant love towards the banian tree and so its loss became extremely intolerable on their part. As a matter of fact, the way Manoj Das has presented the emotions and reactions of the villagers to the loss of the banian tree is most fascinating and elevating. In short, the description is, very much thought-provoking and heart-provoking.

Question 4.
Bring out the elements of humor and satire in the story.
Answer:
In feet, the short story, ‘The Tree” is true, the most typical masterpiece of Manoj Das, an eminent popular and outstanding Odishan storyteller of this current era. He has so far written a large volume of stories. His stories are realistic, ironic, humorous, and satirical in nature. This discussion story serves as a burning example expressing these qualities. However, the story “The Tree” by Manoj Das is a masterpiece that is replaced with humor and satire. There is a vein of satire and humor in the story throughout.

Actually, satire is a literary device designed for the other hand something which automatically arises laughter on the part of the reader. Both of them are used by the writer to depict the social follies and foibles and their rectification thereby. These are used to make a piece of writing interesting, enjoyable, and colorful. In this preview, this work is a satire on social and political issues. Mr. Das has pointed out the social evil by means of mild satire. Moreover, the trunk of the tree was the abode, of an Albanian goddess’. It has a satire on human attitude. Snakes and birds felt the spot was a sign of even women. This symbolized the approach of imminent danger. This harps on human superstition and people were shouting.

“Haribol” to save it from falling was another example of humor and satire. Sridhar Mishra, an eminent homeopath was able to save many from certain death. This was equally humorous. The approach of the M.L.A. is also a humorous and satirical expression of the political avenue. He ordered to fetch as much as possible but to no avail. Locating a stone on the spot and attributing it to godly qualities is another sample specimen of satire and humor. Satire and humor touch the zenith when people come with drums and cymbals to install the goddess amidst “Haribol”: Old Bishnu Jena had sealed himself before the banian goddess. He shook before the goddess and he was thought to have been possessed.

It is a mere expression of satire and humor. In this way, the entire; story is reminiscent of humor and satire. As a matter of fact, the humor and satire used by Mr. Das are superb and marvelous. The story writer has tried his level best to show the social follies and foibles through the use of mixed humor and satire throughout. On the whole, the story is most inspiring, enjoyable, elevating, and heart-touching.

Vocabulary
Derive nouns from the followings:

furious, diurnal
allocate, womanly
mental, distant
see, serve
live, handful
narrate, remain
systematic, sacred
young, conscientious
bright, excite
rotate, authoritative
diagnose, appear
fantastic, abandon
materialistic,declare
dutiful, extinguish
circular, grave
synonymous, extensive
antonymous, explain
popular, friendly
relax,
Answer:
Words – Noun Forms
furious – file
allocate – allocation
mental – mind
see – sight
live – life
narrate – narration
systematic – system
young – youth
bright – brightness
rotate – rotation
diagnose – diagnosis
fantastic – fantasy
materialistic – materialism
dutiful – duty
circular – circle
synonymous – synonym
antonymous – antonym
popular – popularity
relax – relaxation
diurnal – day
womanly -woman
distant – distance
serve – service
handful – hand
remains – remainder
sacred – sacredness
conscientious – conscience
excite – excitement
authoritative – authority
appear – appearance
abandon – abandonment
declare – declaration
extinguish – extinction
grave – gravity
extensive – extension
explain – explanation
friendly – friend

B. Indicate against each word (given below) the parts of speech they belong to:

stop, imply
wind, pity
touch, generation
now, tauntingly
suddenly, meek
splashed, mild
school, brightly
crept, collapse
hollow, sin
wriggled, silently
thousand, crowd
long, horizon
carry, helpless
huge, rapidly
develop, gathered
commented, throne
pleased, irony
Answer:
Words – Parts ofSpeech
stop – noun
wind – noun
touch – noun, verb
now – adverb
suddenly – adverb
splashed – verb
school – noun
crept – verb
hollow – noun
wriggled – verb
thousand – adjective
tong – adjective
carry – verb
huge – adjective
develop – verb
commented – verb
pleased – verb
imply – verb
pity – noun
generation – noun
tauntingly – adverb
meek – adjective
mild – adjective
brightly – adverb
collapse – verb
sin – noun
silently – adverb
crowd – noun
horizon – noun
helpless – adjective
rapidly – adverb
gathered – verb
throne – adverb
irony- noun

Section – I

Pre-Readingactivity:
Have you seen a banana tree or a pipal tree with its huge trunk and leafy branches spreading all around? Such a tree in a village is considered holy and sacred. The old and ageless tree standing at the end of the village since time immemorial has been a mute spectator of changes in culture and civilization. It has always been a part of a violent storm or a devastating flood? Here is a story about an old banian tree up-rooted by a heavy flood in a village in Odisha. As you read the first part of the story by Manoj Das, recollect the ways in which the banian tree is significant in the life of the villagers.

The Writer:
Manoj Das (Born – 1934), a devoted disciple ofSreeAurobindo, is a bilingual writer of international repute, writing in both English and Odia. Born in a small village in Odisha, he has a rich understanding of the life of his people, their rites and rituals, their orthodoxy and superstitions, “Cyclones” (a novel), “The submerged valley, and other stories, “A Bride inside a Casket and other Tales”, “Man who Lifted the Mountain and other Fantasies” are some of his important contributions to Indian English literature.

His Katha O Kahani won him the most prestigious SahityaAkademiAward. The world of his sort of story is not merely a world of shark reality but blended into a world of dreams and fantasy, which he creates at the psychic level. The elements of irony, humor, and satire add to the beauty and charm of his writings. The novelty and innovation both in theme and form exhibited in his fictional world have brought him immense fame. He now teaches English at the Sree Aurobindo International Centre of Education in Pondichery. He has been recently honored with the UtkalRatnaSamman for his outstanding contribution to literature.

The Story:
This story“The Tree” woven around the age-old banian tree of a village typically portrays the behavioral pattern and psychic responses of its inhabitants at a critical moment, when the tree is uprooted and carried away by the river in spate. Das very interestingly depicts the life and attitude of the people of Odishan village, their life governed by rituals, orthodoxy, and superstitions. The old tree symbolizing the past, present, and fixture is intimately connected with the villagers and their life patterns. They cannot bear the nerve-racking incident of the tree being swept away by the flood. They even think of the rebirth of the tree in thousands. The discussion among the different categories of villagers is really amusing and humorous. The elements of irony and satire are discerning, even on the occasion of a terrible loss to the village.

GIST:
Paragraphs1-4
The village elders have begun to look at graves right from the time the season was on the brink of monsoons. The formation of clouds on the mountains end wick ring of natural aura around the moon had informed them that there were terrible days ahead. The flood approached at late midnight. People called out to each other and were reassured of collective awareness and gathered on the river bank with lanterns or torches of dirty twigs. The flames began dancing in the air. The moon was clouded and the stars looked pale. The river came up hissing like a thousand hooded cobra. Floodwater never entered this village although hardly a season passed without the river playing havoc with the villagers a couple of miles downstream.

Paragraphs5-11
The villages felt scandalized every time their familiar tame river expanded and looked alien and began hissing. They suddenly realized that the situation was much more grave than they had imagined. They raised their lanterns. Boats generally came from the forest at the foot of the mountains where they went to collect timber.
The wind grew stronger and cooler and was soon accompanied by a thin shower. All ran to take shelter under the banian tree. The wicks of the lanterns were turned low. The elders would point to a mound covered with grass and shrubs, not far from the tree white living the ancient most proof of this fact. The mound had decayed through centuries but it was still “as high as two men”.

Paragraph 12
The mound contained the ruins of a certain king’s palace. It was neither possible nor necessary to recall the name of the king who had built it or whether he had been of the solar or lunar dynasty. What was frequently recalled was that he had dared to cut down a few branches of the tree to make room for his place. Perhaps he had planned to cut more even to totally destroy the tree. But before they could do so a terrific storm had broken old. The palace collapsed. The king and his family took shelter under the tree and were saved. The king clasped the tree and wept. The storm subsided.

GIST:
Paragraphs 13-15
It was again said that the tree had taken off and flown to the Himalayas or other such meaningful places at the order of a great soul who lived under it. The trunk that had once been clasped by the king had decayed and disappeared since time immemorial other sending down numerous shoots which have formed new trunks. The tree was resting on those trunks. At the foot of one of the trunks rested the tiny “banian goddess”. No regular priest had gotten attached to her. Whoever so desired could approach her and sprinkles vermilion on her. Devotees ordinarily did not prostrate themselves to her but everybody passing by usually bowed, complex and formidable problems were put before the deities or distend temples but small issues were referred to her from time to time. Children in particular found her quite helpful in regard to crises arising from undone homework or the ill humor of the pundits of the primary school

Paragraphs16- 19
The area before another trunk was the usual site for the village meetings. Relaxing beside a neighboring trunk, eyes shut and Jews moving in a leisurely rhythm, could be found the much revered sacred bull of the village. In the afternoons of the bi-weekly marked days, on old, women from a village on the horizon set leaving against another trunk with a sack half-filled with greens or drumsticks.

At sunsets, they would rise and offer a handful of whatever still remained in her sack to the scared bull. In a hollow at the front of another trunk resided a family of naked which had earned the reputation of being conscientious and harmless and in the branches above rested a legion of birds. The tree was taken to be immortal. Immortality is an attribute of gods. It was gods. Nobody would easily flout a decision that had been arrived at in a meeting under the tree even when the decision was unpleasant to a party.

Analytical Outlines

• The village elders had begun to look grave.
• The season was on the brink of monsoon.
• There was the formation of clouds in the mountains.
• There was a wide ring of natural aura around the moon.
• All those had informed them that there was a terrible day’s moon.
• The flood approached late midnight.
• People called out to each other.
• They reassured of collective awareness.
• They gathered on the river bank.
• They gathered with lanterns or arches of dry twigs.
• The flames began dancing in the air.
• The moon was clouded.
• It looked pale.
• The river came up hissing like a thousand hooded cobra.
• Flood waters never entered this village.
• The season passed without the river playing havoc.
• The villagers felt scandalized every time.
• Their familiar tame river expanded.
• It looked alien.
•  It began hissing.
•  They had imagined the situation.
•  It was rather much more grave.
• They raised their lanterns.
•  Boats generally came from the forest.
• They had gone to collect timber from it.
• The wind grew strongest and cooler.
• Then it was accompanied by a thin shower.
• All ran to take shelter under the banian tree.
• The wicks of the lanterns were turned low.
• The elders would point at a mound.
• It was covered with grass and shrubs.
• It was not far from the tree.
• The mound had decayed through centuries.
• But it was still “as high as two men”.
• The mound contained the ruins of a certain king’s palace.
• It was not possible to recall certain kings’ names.
• That king had built it.
• He might belong to the solar or lunar dynasty.
• It is not remembered by him.
• The king had dared to cut down a few branches.
• He made room for his palace by that.
• Perhaps he had planned to cut more.
• Even he had planned to totally destroy the tree.
• But a terrific storm had broken out.
• The palace collapsed.
• The king and his family took shelter under it.
• They were saved.
• The king elapsed the tree and wept.
• The storm subsided.
• It was again said that the tree had taken off.
• It had flown to the Himalayas. Or it had flown to other meaningful places.
• It is said that a great would have lived under it.
•  The trunk clasped by the king had decayed.
•  It had even disappeared.
•  Numerous shoots had been produced.
•  They had formed new trunks.
•  The tree was resting on these trunks.
•  At the foot of one of the trunks rested the tiny “banian goddess
•  No regular priest had gotten attached to her.
•  Whoever so desired could approach her.
• He could sprinkle vermillion on her.
• Devotees ordinarily did not prostrate themselves to her.
• But everybody passing by usually bowed.
• They put complex problems before her.
• They also put formidable problems.
• But small issues were referred to her from time to time.
• Children in particular found her quite helpful.
• They approached her for their crises arising from under homework.
• She is helpful for the ill humor of the pundits of the primary school.
• The area before another trunk was the usual site for village meetings.
• The neighboring trunk could be found much reversed sacred bull of the village.
• In the afternoon of the bi-weekly market days, an old woman sat leaning against another trunk.
• She was with a sack half-filled with greens or drunk sticks.
• She would rise in summer.
• She would offer a handful of things from the sack to the sacred bull
• A family of snakes resided in the hollow of another trunk.
• It had earned the reputation of being conscientious and harmless.
• A legion of birds rested above this branch.
• The tree was taken to be immortal.
• Immortally being an attitude of gods.
• It was godly.
• Nobody would easily flout a decision.
• It had been arrived at in a meeting under the tree.
• The decision was unpleasant to a party.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

sinister – that which makes you feel that something evil is going to happen.
uncanny – unearthly, supernatural
draped – covered
hiss – to make a sibilant sound, to condemn by hissing.
hood – expanded head of a snake.
havoc – a devastation.
scandalize – make a malicious gossip
expand – to spread out, to develop, to amplify
timber – carpenter’s wood, a beam
accompany – to keep company with
mound – bank of the earth or stone, heap, hillock
solar – influenced by the sun
lunar – influenced by the moon
terrific – fearful
collapse – to fall away, to break down
clasp – embrace
subside – to abate, to sink down

Section – II

Gist:
Paragraphs: 21 – 25
The rain stopped though no wind. A crashing sound stunned the people. Suddenly the earth seemed to rock. A few who were nearest the river were splashed. Had they been standing a few feet farther they would have been gone forever. Nirakar Das, the retired head-pundit of the primary school called everybody to leave the place and go away to a safer place. All obeyed his outright. A few snakes crept out of the hollow under the tree and wriggled away toward the mound. It appeared like the exodus of a thousand snakes. It was now about dawn. Nirakar Das advanced near the tree and looked up for a long time. He declared that his eyes were gone. He called one of his ex-pupils. Ravindra, the founder proprietor of the village’s sole, grocery and asked him to look up and see if there were any birds on the tree

Paragraphs: 26-38
Ravindra and others gazed up into the branches for a while and reported their finding that nothing of that sort was there. He asked the people of his age group and the reply was the same. He said it was not a good sign because snakes and birds have fled the natural shelter. Ravindra and others detected an extensive crack in the shape of a sickle with both ends pointing toward the river. The semi-circle embraced the tree. If the tree falls, it will carry the whole huge chunk along with it into the river for its unnumerable roots have made much of earth like a single cake.

As the sky in the east grew brighter it was observed that the ground between the tree and the river had already tilted towards the river. The young men tried to appear engrossed in discussing something highly sophisticated among themselves. Srikanta Das raised his voice and whispered that not only the boys but all adults have their share of it. And if the tree is going to collapse, it is because cannot one of us confess his sin, addressing the spirit of the tree silently in “our hearts”. Let us pray to be pardoned by saying “Haribol”.

GIST:
Paragraphs: 39 – 43
All shouted “Haribol” but it sounded like a cry of lamentation. When they stopped, the silence seemed bitingly sharp. With the gradual brightening of the sky, the seriousness of the situation became more and more apparent. A few kites that were circling above the whirling waters at times swooped down on the crowd as though to show the contempt of those who could dwell at such height and see all that was happening from horizon to horizon for the wretched men below regarding their situation with other helplessness.

The crowd swelled rapidly. Almost the villagers women and children included were then gathered there. In different words, all asked the same question. “What is to be done?” Apart from the tree was clearly learning about the river. Once the college boys had been humbled there was no hesitation to openly discuss the impending fall of the tree. Something no doubt had to be done. Only one knew what that was.

Analytical Outlines

• The rain stopped though not the wind.
•  A crashing sound stunned the people.
• Suddenly the earth seemed to rock.
• A few near the river were splashed.
• Had they been standing a few feet farther?
• They would have been gone forever.
• Nirakar Das was the retired Head-pundit of the primary school.
• He called everybody to leave the place.
• He called them to go away to a safer place.
• All obeyed his outright.
• A few snakes crept out of the hollow under the tree.
• They wriggled away towards the mound.
• It appeared like the exodus of thousand snakes.
• It was about dawn then.
• Nirakar Das advanced near the tree.
• He looked up for a long time.
• He declared that his eyes were gone.
• He called one ofhis expupiL
• It was Ravindra.
• He was the founder and proprietor of the village’s sole grocery.
• He asked him to see if there were any birds on the tree.
• Ravindra and others gazed up into the branches.
• He reported their findings.
• Nothing of that sort was there.
• He asked the people of his age group.
• The reply was the snake.
• He said it was not a good sign.
• Because snakes and birds have fled the natural shelter.
• Ravindra and others detected an extensive crack.
• It was the shape of a sickle.
• It’s both ends pointed towards the river.
• The semi-circle embraced the tree.
• If the tree falls.
• It will carry the whole huge chunk into the river.
• Its innumerable roots have made much of the earth like a single cake.
• The sky in the east grew brighter.
• The ground of the tree is titled towards the river.
• The young men appeared there.
• They discussed among themselves the situation.
• Srikanta Das raised his voice.
• He whispered that both the boys and adults love their share of sin.
• The tree is going to collapse.
• It is because it can’t bear the burden of its sins.
• He said them to confess their sins.
• He addressed the spirit of the tree silently.
• He inspired them to pray to be pardoned.
• He inspired them to say “Haribol”.
• Now, shouted, “Haribol”.
• But it sounded like lamentation.
• They stopped then.
• The silence seemed bitingly sharp.
• The seriousness of the situation became more and more apparent.
• A few flying kites swooped down on the crowd.
• It showed the situation of the wretched men with utter helplessness.
• The crowd swelled rapidly.
• All the villagers, women, and children gathered there.
• All asked the same question in different words.
• It was, “What is to be done? Apart from the tree was clearly leaning towards the river.
• In college, boys had been humbled.
• There was no hesitation about the fall of the tree.
• Something, no doubt had to be done.
• Nobody knew what to do

Meaning Of Difficult Words

exodus – a going out on a mass scale.
sniffly – sniff to draw in air sharply and audibly through the nose.
whimper – to carry the nose.
swoop – to become down with a sweeping rush
edge – border, at the end of something
cashing sound – a great sound like that of a crash
stunned – bewildered, in a state of trance.
countless – uncountable, numerous, innumerable
crack – fissure, chasm
notorious – mischievous, wicked, naughty
tauntingly – sarcastically, caustically, satirically
implored – requested earnestly, entreated
titled – bent, bending towards the earth
apparent – clear, smooth, easy
contempt – hatred, decision, dislike
swelled – become thicker and thicker, grew in number
impending – imminent, very nearer

Section – III

Gist:
Paragraphs (44- 48)
Sridhar Mishra was a well-known homeopath. He had saved so many from certain death. When the people looked expectantly at him, his lips quivered as they always deed when he was about to diagnose a disease. The villagers were accustomed to reading in that quiver the promise of remedy. But as now the quivering did not stop even when the people had looked at him for a long time, they focussed their attention on Raghu Dalbehera, the only villager to possess a gun. When Raghu realized that the crowd had already been staring at him for five minutes, he raised his gun at an audaciously swooping kite, took aim, and continued to take aim. “Don’t Raghu, point”. Nirakar Das warned and Raghu brought down his gun in relief.

Gist:
Paragraphs (48-62)
Just then someone brought the news that the honorable member of the legislative assembly has been observed only by one on a nearby road perhaps heading for the next village. Freed from the obligation to think or do anything now that the M.L.A. had been located and summoned, all stood peacefully looking towards the bend of the road where he was expected to appear. People were sad that their sheer ill luck had spoiled them.

They had been doomed. The leader retorted that was why they had such pessimism. He also added that people downstream are greatly in trouble. These people are better off than the people downstream. The three college boys were elbowed their way forward, throwing glances back at the crowd as if defying it to stop them from confronting the leader.

They were of course two or three years below the voting age, but they were determined to regain face after their earlier humiliation. The M.L.A. paled, but ignored the boys and asked the elders “What would you like me to do ?” Someone said to him to stop the tree from falling. The M.L.A. said to fetch as many ropes as they could. He guided up his loins and got ready. But suddenly a part of the tree resting on several trunks slid into the river.

Gist:
Paragraphs (63-71)
The crowd stood thunderstruck. The silence was broken by an anxious voice “What will happen to the banian and goddess ?” No sooner had this been said than the ill-tempered old Brahmin was seen rushing to the remnants of the tree. He sat down on the muddy ground which was dangerously unsafe even by the snakes and mustering all his strength pulled up the small stone that has struck the spot. Holding the uprooted goddess close to his bosom as though to protect her from invisible enemies, he returned to the crowd that watched him breathlessly.

While thronging around the Brahmin the people said excitedly to give place to the goddess someone spread a towel on the grass. The Brahmin put down the goddess and patted her. Several people rushed to their homes and brought out symbols and conch shells had to be played close to his ears at loudly as possible. He began by shivering. Then he would fall down in a swoon and rise up with the face beaming supernaturally, eyes wild with inexplicable experiences.

Gist:
Paragraphs (72 – 74)
Bishnu was in France for at least two decades. Those who used to play the instruments close to his ears had purses, they were doing their best. Bishnu opened his mouth. The sound stopped. The voice from him ran: I will be born as a thousand trees here, there, and everywhere. The instruments played louder as the younger ones took over from the tired old hands. Along with Bishnu danced Nirakar Das, Srikanta Das, Vaishnav, and several others.

Analytical Outlines

• Sridhar Mishra was a well-known homeopathic.
• He had saved so many from certain death.
• People looked expectantly at him.
• He was about to diagnose a disease.
• His lips quivered at that time.
• The villagers were accustomed to reading in that quiver.
• That quiver was the promise of remedy.
• But now the quivering did not stop.
• They had looked at him for a long time.
• They focused their attention on Raghu Dalbehera.
• He was the only villager to possess a gun.
• Raghu realized that the crowd had already been staring at him.
• He raised his gun at an audaciously swooping kite.
• “Don’t Raghu, don’t Nirakar Das warned.
• Raghu brought down his gun in relief.
• Just then someone brought the news.
• It was that M.L.A. would be coming to visit a nearby road of villages.
• They all stood peacefully looking towards the bent of the road.
• The M.L.A. was expected to appear there.
• People said that their sheer ill luck had spoiled them.
• They had been doomed.
• They retorted that why they had such a pessimism
• He also added that people downstream are greatly in trouble.
• These people are better off than the people downstream
• The three college boys were elbowed their way forward.
• They threw glances back at the crowd.
• They defined it to stop them from confronting the leader.
• Of course, they were two or three years below the voting age.
• But they were determined to regain face.
• It was after their earlier humiliation.
• The M.L.A. paled but ignored the boys.
• He asked the elders, “What would you like me to do?
• Someone said him to stop the tree from falling.
• The M.L.A. said to fetch as much rope as they could.
• He girded up his loins.
• He got ready.
• But suddenly a part of the tree slid into the river.
• It rested on several trunks.
• The crowd stood thunderstruck.
• The silence was broken by an anxious voice.
• It was “What will happen to the banian goddess”?
• No sooner had this been said than the ill-tempered old Brahmin was soon rushing to the remnants of the tree.
• He sat down on the muddy ground.
• It was dangerously unsafe even by the snakes.
• He mustered all his strength.
• He pulled up the small stone.
• It has struck the spot.
• He held the uprooted goddess close to his bosom.
• He did this to protect her from invisible enemies.
• He returned to the crowd.
• They watched him breathlessly.
• They thronged around the Brahmin.
• The people said excitedly to give place to the Goddess.
• Someone spread a towel on the grass.
• The Brahmin put down the Goddess.
• He patted her.
• Old Bishnu Jena had seated himself before the banian Goddess.
• Several people rushed to their homes.
• They brought out cymbals
• They brought out drums.
• They also brought out conch shells.
• Drums, cymbals, and conch shells had to be played close to her ears as loudly as possible.
• He began by shivering.
• Then he would fall down in a swoon.
• He would rise up with a face bearing supernatural eyes.
• He bears wild eyes with inexplicable experience.
• Bishnu was France after at least two decades.
• The instrument players had grown old.
• They were doing their best with their sagging skin flapping like empty purses.
• Bishnu opened his mouth.
• Their voice from him ran “I will be born as a thousand trees here, there, and everywhere.
• The instruments played louder.
• The voice from him ran. “I will be born as a thousand trees here, there, and everywhere.
• The younger ones took over from the tired old hands.
• Nirakar Das, Srikanta Das etc, danced with Bishnu.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

clarion call – to blind around, to make first by a belt or girdle.
remnants – the battle cry of an ancient trumpet.
thronging – surviving and remaining person after destruction.
poignant – crowding or pressing.
gird – deeply moving.
sagging – bent down with age, wrinkled
pals – mates, chums.

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