Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 12 Mineral Nutrition Textbook Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha 11th Class Biology Chapter 12 Question Answer Mineral Nutrition
Mineral Nutrition Class 11 Questions and Answers CHSE Odisha
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Multiple Choices Questions
Question 1.
Most of the plants absorb nitrogen from soil in the form of.
(a) free N2
(b) nitrites
(c) Nitrates
(d) NH3
Answer:
(c) Nitrates
Question 2.
Choose the micro-nutrient
(a) Sulphur
(b) Manganese
(c) Calcium
(d) Nitrogen
Answer:
(b) Manganese
Question 3.
Choose the macronutrient
(a) Manganese
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Zinc
(d) Molybdanum
Answer:
(b) Phosphorus
Question 4.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is done by
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Clostridium
(c) Nostoc
(d) Azotobacter
Answer:
(a) Rhizobium
Question 5.
The enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation requires.
(a) Fe and Mo
(b) Mo and Ca
(c) Zn and Cu
(d) Zn and Mn
Answer:
(a) Fe and Mo
Question 6.
Micro-organisms affect fertility of soil by
(a) Nitrogen-fixation
(b) Production of toxins
(c) Destroying harmful bacteria
(d) Retaining moisture
Answer:
(a) Nitrogen-fixation
Question 7.
Maintenance of soil fertility without addition of nutrients is due to
(a) activity of micro-organisms
(b) floods
(c) favourable temperature
(d) standing crops
Answer:
(a) activity of micro-organisms
Question 8.
The root nodules formed in the leguminous plant have a red pigment called
(a) Hemoglobin
(b) Phycocyanin
(c) Leghemoglobin
(d) Chlorophyll
Answer:
(c) Leghemoglobin
Question 9.
The process of conversion of ammonia into nitrate is called.
(a) Nitrification
(b) Ammonification
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
Answer:
(a) Nitrification
Question 10.
The enzyme responsible for fixing nitrogen is called.
(a) Nitrate reductase
(b) Nitrite reductase
(c) Nitrogenase
(d) Aminoacid synthetase
Answer:
(c) Nitrogenase
Short Answer Type Questions
Write short notes on
Question 1.
Essential elements
Answer:
Essential. Mineral. Nutrients (Elements):
Essential elements are those elements which possess rhcir own structural or physiological properties and also without which the plants arc unable to complete their life cycle.
Plants has the ability to absorb most of the minerals present in the soil. More than sixty minerals present in soil have been recorded essential for plants our of the 105 discovered so far.
Question 2.
Hydroponics
Answer:
Hydroponics or Soilless Culture:
The technique of hydroponic was demonstrated by the experiment conducted by Julius Von Sach. It explains that the plants can be grown co their level of maturity in a well-defined nutrient solution even in the absence of soil.
Thus this technique of growing plant in a nutrient solution without soil is well-known and is also called water culture.
Question 3.
Biological nitrogen-fixation
Answer:
Biological Nitrogen-Fixation
The process in which atmospheric nitrogen gets converted into inorganic nitrogenous compounds (nitrate, nitrite and ammonia) by the involvement of microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria, etc) is called biological nitrogen-fixation.
Very few organisms can utilise atmospheric nitrogen, only certain prokaryotes are capable of fixing nitrogen. The prokaryotic organism that reduces nitrogen has an enzyme called nitrogenase. Such microbes are called N2 -fixers.
Img 1
Biological nitrogen-fixation may occur in asymbiotic as well as symbiotic manner.
Question 4.
Macronutrients
Answer:
Macronutrients
The elements that are generally found in plant tissues in large or excess amounts (around 10 m mole kg-1 or 10 mg per gram of dry matter) are called macronutrients or major elements. These elements are generally involved in the synthesis of organic molecules and development of osmotic potential. The list of macronutrients includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Out of all these elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from CO2 and H2O while, the other elements are obtained from the soil itself.
Question 5.
Micronutrients
Answer:
Micronutrients:
The elements that are generally found in traces or very small amount only (i.e., less than 10 m mole kg-1 or less than 0.1 mg per gram of dry matter) are called micronutrients or minor elements. These are generally eight in number and the list includes iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, chlorine and nickel. These are mosdy involved in the functioning of enzymes as cofactors or activators of metals.
Question 6.
Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixation
Answer:
Asymbiotic Nitrogen-Fixation:
The fixation of N2 by the microorganisms living freely, i.e. outside the plant cell is called asymbiotic or non-symbiotic biological nitrogen-fixation.
JE Carnahan in 1960 first reported the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by the asymbiotic or free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria Clostridium pasteuriansums.
Question 7.
Symbiotic nitrogen-fixation
Answer:
It is the process of nitrogen-fixation with the help of symbiotic microorganisms. It involves a symbiotic relationship between plant and concerned microorganism. The process of symbiosis involves two organisms living together in different associations. Several types of biological nitrogen-fixing associations are known.
The most familiar one is the relationship of Rhizobium with the roots of several legumes belonging to class-Leguminosae like sweet pea, lentils, garden pea, alfalfa, sweet clover, broad bean, clover beans, etc.
Question 8.
Leghemoglobin
Answer:
Leghaemoglobin It is the red pigment found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. This reddish pigment is found in the cytoplasm of host cells. Leghaemoglobin combines with O2 and helps to protect nitrogenase from O2 damage. It also maintains steady supply of O2 to nitrogen fixing bacteria for respiration. The ATP generated in this process of bacterial respiration is used for N2-fixation.