CHSE Odisha Class 12 Sociology Unit 1 Introducing Indian Society Short Answer Questions

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Sociology Solutions Unit 1 Introducing Indian Society Short Answer Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Sociology Unit 1 Introducing Indian Society Short Answer Questions

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Unity?
Answer:
Unity means integration where in hitherto divisive people and culture are synthesized into a united whole. It connotes a sense of oneness, a sense of oneness. It stands for the bonds which hold the members of a society together.

Question 2.
What is diversity?
Answer:
Diversity means difference, however, means something more than more difference. It means collective differences that is differences which mark off one group of people from other. These differences may be biological, religious linguistic, etc.

Question 3.
Mention two factors of diversity.
Answer:
Mention two factors of diversity

• Racial Diversity
• Linguistic Diversity

Question 4.
Mention two factors of Unity.
Answer:

• Geographical Unity
• Religious Unity

5. Define race.
Answer:
A. W. Green says A race as a large biological human grouping with a number of distinctive inherited characteristics which vary within a certain range.

Question 6.
What is Racial Diversity?
Answer:
India is a museum of different races. Herbert Rosely had classified the people of India into seven racial types. These are Turko- Indian, Indo- Aryan, Scytho Dravidian Aryo – Dravidian, Mangolo Dravidian Mongolid and Dravidian.

Question 7.
What is Linguistic Diversity?
Answer:
According to A. R. Desai India presents as a spectacle of a museum of tongues. The famous linguist given dismissive noted that India has 179 languages and 544 dialects.

Question 8.
What is Religious Diversity?
Answer:
India is a land of many religions. There are also followers of various faiths particularly of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism among others, etc.

Question 9.
Caste Diversity?
Answer:
Indis is a country of castes. The caste as peculiar to Indian society. There are more than 3,000 castes or Jati in India. These are hierarchically graded on different ways on different regions.

Question 10.
Geographical Unity?
Answer:
From very early times, India has been visualized as one nation covering the whole landmass from the Himalayan to the ocean on the other sides. The Aryan thinkers and other philosophers named this landmass as Bharatvarsha.

Question 11.
Religious Unity?
Answer:
Although India as a land of many religious religions has been one of the basis of national unity. As Srinivas says. The concept of the unity of India is essentially a religious one Hinduism being the religion of the majority of the people of India provides a basis for unity.

Question 12.
Cultural Unity?
Answer:
India has cultural unity. The fundamental approaches to art, philosophy and literature and typically Indian on the character. Social institutions like the caste system and the joint family are found all over India which are once again typically Indian.

Question 13.
Political Unity?
Answer:
India has also political unity. Political unity in India as the product of cultural and religious unity. The Idea of being the whole country under one central authority as not new to Indians.

Question 14.
Emotional Unity?
Answer:
The emotional bond that binds all the inhabitants of this vast land. The very same Bharat Mata emotionally brings all Indians together. Although linguistic diversity poses a threat to emotional integration.

Question 15.
Tribal Composition of Ridia?
Answer:
The tribal population in India constitutes nearly 7% of the total population India is cleaned to have the largest total tribal population compared to any other single country on the world.

Question 16.
Geographical Unity?
Answer:
From very early time India has been visualized as one nation covering the whole landmass from the Himalayans to the ocean on the other sides. The Aryan thinkers and other philosophers named this landmass as Bharat Varsha. The term Bharat Varsha i.e., India has always referred to this vast expense of the land expanding from the Himalayas in North to the cap camo rain on the south and from the Brahmaputra on the East to the Indus the west. These national boundaries given the land geographical unity.

Question 17.
Religious Unity?
Answer:
Although India is land of many religious religions has been one of the basis of national unity. As Srinivas says. The concept of the unity of India is monolithic essentially religious one Hinduism the religion of the majority of the people of India. Provides a basis for unity. It is a fact that Hinduism is not a religion, There are number seats of in Hinduism. But they have some faith in common with slight variation.

Question 18.
Cultural Unity?
Answer:
India has cultural unity. The fundamental approaches to art philosophy and literature are typically Indian in the character. Social institutions like the caste system and the joint family are found all over India which are once again topically Indian. Caste is such a social institution in India that every Indian whether a Hindu, a Muslim or a Christian finds himself a universe of caste. The common social institutions and cultural traditions foster unity among the Indians.

Question 19.
Political Unity?
Answer:
India has also political unity, political unity in India in the product of cultural and religious unity. The idea of bringing the whole country under one central authority is not new to Indians. Unification of vast area and populations under one rule has been the highest goal of the things and statesmen. The ancient Indian political unification of the whole land.

Many great things right from Dilip, Yayati, Mandhata and Yudhistira to Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka and Samudra Gupta of later period had established theory sovereignty all most all over India the country and achieved the distinction of being a Chakravarti or universal overlord.

Question 20.
Emotional Unity?
Answer:
The emotional bond that binds all the inhabitants of this vast land. The very name Bharat Mata emotionality brings all Indians together. Although linguistic diversity poses a threat to emotional integration. Sanskrit belongs the mother of all Indian languages and serves as a significant unifying bond in the emotional integration of the people.

Question 21.
What do you mean by Unity in diversity?
Answer:
Unity means integration. Where in hitherto divisive people and culture are synthesized into a united whole. It connotes a sense of oneness, a sense of we-ness. It stands for the bonds which hold the members of a society together. There is a difference between unity and uniformity, uniformity presupposes similarly, but unity does not.

Unity may be bom out of similarity. It many or many not be based in uniformity. Diversity means difference it however means something more than more difference. It means collective differences that as a difference which mark off one group of people from other.

Question 22.
Discuss various religions in India?
Answer:
Different religions have coexisted in India in past centuries. The history of our religious movements have been such that out us incorporated diverse faiths and values. Religion has been, on the one hand, the basis of national unity. On the other hand, religious diversity has been a factor of disunity and disharmony in out severity. India as a country where all the world’s major religions are found. In India are come across Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Zeroastorms, Sikhs, Muslims and Christians etc.

Question 23.
Racial Composition?
Answer:
A race as a biological human grouping with a number of distinctive physical characteristics. A group of people are distinguished from other groups of people on the basis of physical characteristics such as completion height and shape of face etc. A such distinctive group of human beings is each called a race. These races are Aryan, Dravidian, Austroheld and Mongoloid, etc.

Question 24.
Linguistic Groups?
Answer:
A says, A.R. Desai. India presents a spectacle of the museum of tongues. According to the 1951 census, there are 845 different languages and dialects spoken in India. But the actual number is estimated to be around 1000, George Grierson, in his linguistic. Survey of spoken alone in North India. While a few of these languages are spoken by crores of people a large number of them have less than a hundred thousand speakers each. All these Indian languages and dialects can be grouped into four speech families mainly.

• Indo-Aryan,
• Dravidian,
• Austria, and
• Sino – Tibetan, etc.

Question 25.
Tribal Groups?
Answer:
The tribes of India form an important part of the total population. The tribal population in India constitutes about 7% of the Indian population. India has the largest total tribal population compared to any other country in the world. The large tribal population of India is not a homogeneous group.

It is composed of a number of different tribes – our constitution recognized 212 tribes and these tribes are found in different parts of the country. According to the scheduled Tribes’ last modification order in 1956, there are 414 tribes in India. The tribes of India are classified into different groups on the basis of geographical location, language, race, and levels of socioeconomic development.