Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text A: The Year 2050-Reflections of a Futurist Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 4 Text A: The Year 2050-Reflections of a Futurist
Activity-1
Vocabulary:
Choose the word from the passage, which more or less mean the following. The paragraph numbers have been given in brackets.
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area (5).
(ii) long existence (5)
(iii) to be flooded with something (6)
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing (9)
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way (17)
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean (20)
Answer:
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area – demographer.
(ii) long existence – longevity
(iii) to be flooded with something – inundating
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing-evolve
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way-genetics
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean – manipulation
Activity-2
Facts And Opinions:
Some facts as well as some opinions to the writer have been presented in the essay. Put the facts and opinions in different columns below:
| Facts | Opinion |
| New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90. |
More than 50% of people who were born in 1960 will be alive by 2050 |
Answer:
| Facts | Opinion |
| New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90 | (i) more than 50% of people who were born |
| Stroke deaths and rheumatic heart disease will reduce by 20% and 50% | (ii) Deaths from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension heart diseases will reduce by hypertension, and heart stroke will reduce considerably. |
Activity – 3
Remedial Grammar:
Fill in each with the appropriate verb phrase from the following list.
must have let might have been wouldn’t be
won’t be would happen mustn’t have rung
(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this _________ sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she _________ they say. But she _________ out of hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman _________ it.
Moti: Well, he _________ it outside. Someone _________ it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You _________ out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he _________ the bell.
Answer:
(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this would happen sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she will live they say. But she won’t be out of the hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman must have left it.
Moti: Well, he shouldn’t have left it outside. Someone might have taken it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You might have been out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he mustn’t have run the bell.
Extra Activity – 3(A)
Make sentences with the following expression from Text A (in sentences of your own). Don’t copy out exact sentences from the text.
| Remarkable | Inexhaustible |
| Survive | Unending |
| Spectacular | Solar |
| Availability | Progeny |
| Antibiotics | Argument |
| Span | Measure |
| Longevity | Orbit |
| Varieties | Contamination |
| Non-depletable | Cosmos, Spawn |
Answer:
Remarkable — Invention of the computer is a remarkable achievement of modern science.
Survive — We cannot survive without oxygen.
Spectacular — Your performance is really spectacular.
Availability — You will be given arrears only in the availability of funds.
Antibiotics — Antibiotics are administered in the treatment of many kinds of diseases.
Span — He lived a long span of 120 years
Longevity — Man doesn’t live only by longevity of years.
Varieties — This dish is made from varieties of ingredients.
Non-depletable — The ozone layer is not non-depletable
Inexhaustible — He continues working still as if his energy were inexhaustible.
Unending — Money is not an unending flow.
Solar — Today many types of work are conducted by using solar power.
Progeny — On need not give birth to numerous progeny in the days of population explosion.
Argument — He argues his income by earning from myriads of sources.
Measure — Can you measure his temperature?
Orbit — Every planet has its own orbit.
Contamination — Contamination of water is a great offense.
Cosmos — One should keep the cosmos pure at any cost.
Spawn — Reptiles usually spawn eggs.
Extra Activity – 3(B)
1. (i) Derive Adjectives from the following nouns.
| Bride | charity |
| electricity | episode |
| bureaucrat | friend |
| Minister | authenticity |
| inclusion | legend |
Answer:
| Nouns | Adjectives |
| Bride | brides |
| episode | episodic |
| bureaucrat | bureaucratic |
| inclusion | inclusive |
| authenticity | authentic |
| charity | chaste |
| electricity | electric |
| Minister | ministerial |
| friend | friendly |
| legend | legendary |
(ii) Give antonyms of the following:
| right | short |
| seriously | lull |
| auspicious | above |
| special | down |
| senior | strong |
| alive | transparent |
| nearness | resistible |
| include | logical |
| ascend | legal |
| persuade | personal |
Answer:
| Words | Antonyms |
| right | Wrong |
| seriously | lightly |
| auspicious | inauspicious |
| special | ordinary |
| senior | Junior |
| alive | dead |
| nearness | remoteness /distance |
| include | exclude |
| ascend | descend |
| persuade | dissuade |
| short | long |
| full | empty |
| above | below |
| down | up |
| strong | weak |
| transparent | opaque |
| resistible | irresistible |
| logical | illogical |
| legal | illegal |
| personal | impersonal |
(iii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each:
(a) strong dislike
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow.
(c) to say that something is very bad.
(d) to show pity.
(e) likely to bring good luck.
Answer:
(a) strong dislike – disgust
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow – condolence
(c) to say that something is very bad – rubbish
(d) to show pity-relent
(e) likely to bring good luck – auspicious
(iv) The following words are wrongly spelled. Rewrite them correctly.
| burocrat | protected |
| condolence | sholder |
| cooperative | dinastic |
| Goodby | vegetarian |
| gimiks | colloqual |
Answer:
| Word | Correct Form |
| burocrat condolence cooperative good by gimiks protected sholder dynastic vegetarian colloquial |
Bureaucracts condolence co-operative good bye gimmicks protracted shoulders dynastic vegetarian cotloquial |
Section-A
How will you look after 50 years?
What will be the major changes in the world by that time?
Think of the possible changes in the fields of agriculture medicine and transport. List out three of the possible changes.
(i) _____________________________
(ii) ____________________________
(iii) ___________________________
The Year 2050-Reflection Of A Futurist Summary in English
Summary:
A remarkable feature of 2050 will be that most of the 1960 babies will still be alive because of a biomedical revolution that is underway. Death rules of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably. This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics, better health care, attention to diet, jogging, and exercise the effects in the United States are clear-cut and lasting. But increased longevity and improve health are like to have several drawbacks:
- world population will be larger than it might have been
- low birth rate and increased longevity combine to raise the average age of the population
- A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.
However, there is a really good chance that a huge increase in food production can come from such development as:
- new plant varieties, obtained through genetic engineering which are photosynthetically efficient use less water and tend to be self-fertilizing,
- improved uses of the ocean, including the domestication of seeing animals aquaculture and
- tropical agriculture which will open to the world many billions of acres of land currently unusable.
Before nondepletable alternatives and commercially developed, new synthetic fuel industries for the conversion of coal into gaseous and liquid fuels and the extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale are likely to arise. Solar, geothermal, wind power, and fusion are electric-producing items. By the year 2050, we should be well along toward utilizing two virtually inexhaustible energy resources; solar electric power and nuclear power resources between now and 2050. They are (i) electronics, genetics, and psychology.
By the early in century machines will be available that perform better than human beings. In fact, genetics is a science about to become a technology. This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants and animals to perform human functions. In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants that have improved photosynthetic efficiency, minimum water requirements, self-fertilizing characteristics, and a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities. In mining, organisms will metabolize desired ones tells and thus concertable them for later ‘harvesting’.
In the production of pharmaceuticals, microorganisms will be used as factory workers to produce chemicals normally found only in natural body and plant processes. Finally, in medicine, scientists will intervene in the process by which genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Tay Sachs disease and mongolism are passed from parents to their progeny to cure these diseases before conception. They will also address other diseases such as cancer or heart disease and even aging itself. Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off. The ‘trigger’ discovery will help us know how memory is recorded and retrieved.
It is not clear till now whether memory is chemical, electrical, or physical knowledge of sharing and retrieving of memory will improve education, persuasion, rehabilitation, personality development, and knowledge itself and open the huge and exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity closer to the limits of human potential. Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply and predict harvest size and crop diseases. Many things can be controlled from the orbit. The boom – babies will face significant challenges in the years ahead.
Analytical Outlines:
- Most of the 1960 babies will still be alive in 2050.
- 2050 will be remarkable for a biomedical revolution.
- Death rates of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably.
- This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics.
- It will be possible to better health care.
- It will be possible to taking attention to diet.
- It will be possible due to jogging.
- It will be possible due to exercise.
- It will entirely affect the United States.
- But increased longevity has several dements.
- Improved health has also some demerits.
- The world population will be much longer.
- Low – birth rate will raise the average age ofthe population.
- Increased longevity will also help to raise it.
- A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.
- This increase in population will develop something.
- It will develop a huge increase in food production.
- It will increase new plant varieties.
- These varieties will be obtained through genetic engineering.
- They are photosynthetically efficient.
- They will use less water.
- They will tend to be self-fertilizing.
- Improved uses of the ocean will take place.
- It will include the domestication of seeing animals in aquaculture.
- It will be possible for tropical agriculture.
- It will utilize billions of acres of unused land in agriculture.
- It will commercially develop non-depletable alternatives.
- New synthetic fuel industries will be there.
- It will convert coal to gases.
- It will also convert coal to liquid fuel.
- The extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale is likely to rise.
- There will be various electric-producing items.
- The use of solar power will be there.
- Geothermal use will be there.
- The use of wind power will be there.
- The use of fusion will also be there.
- By 2050 are will be using two virtually exhaustible energy resources.
- One is solar electric power.
- Another is nuclear fusion.
- These are, actually, highly expensive.
- The author also predicts three more power resources.
- One is electronics.
- The other is genetics.
- The other one is psychology.
- There will be the use of machines.
- They will perform better than human beings.
- In feet, genetics is a science about technology.
- This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants.
- It will also design animals to perform human functions.
- In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants.
- It has improved photosynthetic efficiency.
- It has improved minimum water requirements.
- It has improved self-fertilizing characteristics.
- It has developed a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities.
- In mining, organisms will metabolize desired metals.
- It will convertible them for later ‘harvesting’
- We can find changes in the production of pharmaceuticals.
- Here, microorganisms will be used as natural bodies.
- It will be also used in plant processes.
- Finally, scientists will intervene in medicine.
- They will try to cure some genetic diseases.
- One such disease is sickle cell anemia.
- Another is Tay Sachs disease.
- Other such one is mongolism.
- These diseases are passed from parents to their progeny.
- They will try to cure these diseases before conception.
- They will also address other diseases.
- One such disease is cancer.
- Other one is heart disease.
- Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off.
- We will have the‘trigger’discovery.
- It will help us to know how memory is recorded and retrieved.
- It is not clear still now whether memory is chemical.
- Or it is electrical.
- The physical knowledge of storing and retrieving of memory will improve education.
- It will improve persuasion.
- It will improve rehabilitation.
- It will improve personality development.
- It will improve knowledge itself
- It will open the huge exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity.
- It will be closer to the limits of human potential.
- Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply.
- It will predict harvest size.
- It will predict crop disease.
- Many things can be controlled from the orbit.
- The boom-babies will free significant changes in the years ahead.
Meanings Of Difficult Words:
nascent – just beginning and expected to become stronger and bigger.
arable – land suitable for growing crops.
augment – to grow longer, to increase the value or effectiveness of something.
Luddites – those who are strongly opposed to using modem machines and methods.
spawned – laid eggs (fish, frog, salmon, etc).
spectacular – very important, showy, eye-catching.
cardiovascular diseases – diseases of the heart.
hypertensive rheumatic – disease relating to tension and blood pressure.
heart disease – heart disease giving too much pain.
antibodies – medicine administered against micro-bacteria and other living organisms causing disease in human bodies.
optimistic – a hopeful inclination.
drawbacks – demerits, weaknesses, faults, etc.
longevity – living a very long span of life.
computed – calculated, reckoned, estimated.
aquaculture – water culture, treatment of water.
non-depletabIe – that which cannot be depleted or exhausted
solar – of the sun, the power coming from the sun.
geothermal – ‘geo’ means earth and thermal means heat. Hence, the energy emanates from the heat emitted from the earth.
progeny – the successor of a kind of parentage.
human potential – energy of human beings.
contamination – defiling or pocketing something.
accomplish – to attain, to gain, to have
perspective – a bright and hopeful future
cosmos – universe
decade – a period of ten years
exploration – discovery, finding something from a search.
illustrate – to explain, exemplify
utility – vainness, something without results.
infuse – mix, bind, amalgamate
stagger – move unsteadily due to heavy load overhead.
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