Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Logic Solutions Chapter 10 Gandhi: Truth and Non-Violence Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha 12th Class Logic Chapter 10 Question Answer Gandhi: Truth and Non-Violence
Group – A
Short type Questions with Answers
1. Answer with in Two/Three sentence.
Question 1.
Who says that truth is God and God is truth?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, Truth is God and God is truth.
Question 2.
State the two pillars of Ahimsa.
Answer:
According to Gandhi, Ahimsa is based on two pillars such as .
(a) Truth fulness and,
(b) Fearlessness.
According to Gandhi, if we want to follow the law of truth the fearlessness is absolutely necessary.
Question 3.
How non-violence can change the heart of the cruelest evil doer according to Gandhi?
Answer:
As Gandhi was very much influenced by chiristinism, so he says that love your enemies, do good to them who hate you, bless them who curse you and pray them who despite you. He always says, hate the sin but not the sinner. Hence he believes that non-violence can change the heart of the cruelest evil doer.
Question 4.
State the five vows Given by Gandhi.
Answer:
According to Gandhi, a satyagrahi must observe the five vows like truthfulness, non-violence, non-thieving, non-possession, and sex-control. He also says that realisation of God is not possible for that person who is not guided by these five vows.
Question 5.
What is the deep sense of ahimsa according to Gandhi?
Answer:
For Gandhiji, ahimsa in a deeper sense means not offending anybody, not hurting anybody’s sentiments, not breeding any uncharitable thought even for the enemy and doing something good to others.
Question 6.
What is the main spring of ahimsa?
Answer:
The main spring of ahimsa is love. It is the true essence of morality. No force can accomplish what ahimsa can.
Question 8.
Which power is much greater than violence according to Gandhi?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, the power of non-violence is much greater than violence; Though violent methods make the use of force; yet the non-violent methods assume more power since they carry with them the force of the soul.
II. Answer with in Five/Six sentence :
Question 1.
How does Gandhiji wante to win over the evil?
Answer:
According to Gandhiji, Non-violence is the love and its strength and power is much more than the sharpest of weapons. The path of Non-violence is always marked by victory. It attempts to win even brue and evil by love and understanding.
Question 2.
State the nature of Non-violence:
Answer:
Gandhi considers non-violence as a truth force or soul-force. He suggests some characteristics of non-violence as follows :
(a) Non-violence is natural to man.
(b) It is dynamic in character.
(c) It involves sacrifice and suffering.
(d) It is for strong but not for weak.
(e) It is a love force, not a weapon against the opponent.
Question 3.
State the Negative and positive aspects of Ahimsa.
Answer:
The word ahimsa has both positve and Negative aspects. In its negative aspect, ahimsa means non-killing and non-injury but in its positive aspects ahimsa means love or service to living beings. The positve aspect of its meaning is more fundamental for Gandhi, because it comprehends the negative aspect also and represents its essence.
Question 4.
How Gandhi believes that Non-violence is natural to man?
Answer:
According to Gandhi, non-violence is natural to man. He believes that man is not only a physical being, but also a mental and spiritual being. As man is physical and mental being, so he may cause harm to others but as a spiritual being, he loves all living beings. He says, Man as animal is violent, but as spirit he is non-violent. Hence Ahimsa in considered to be the law of human beings.
Question 5.
Explain Gandhi’s concept at means and ends.
Answer:
According to Gandhi, Ahimsa is the means and truth is the end. Ahimsa is our supreme duty. Ahimsa and truth one so related with each other that it is practically impossibe to separate them. According to him, God is truth and love. By loving the whole animal world we can love God and realise God.
Question 6.
Why Gandhi believes that Truth is God?
Answer:
Gandhi believes that truth is God instead of God is Truth in the following reasons.
(a) Truth is not an ambiguous term.
(b) Truth must be one.
(c) No one can deny the existence at truth.
(d) According to Gandhi even atheist and sceptic believe in the existence at truth.
(e) He believes that the object of worship is not God but truth.
Question 7.
State the implications of Gandhiji’s notion of truth.
Answer:
The following ore some of the implications at Gandhi’s ntion of truth.
(i) Truth must be one.
(ii) Truth must be expressed in a simple clear and pleasant manner.
(iii) Everybody must attempt to practice the truth and it leads a man for the development his morality.
(iv) The aim of truth is good will and it central to life.
Group – C
Long Type Questions With Answers
Question 1.
Explain Gandhiji’s concept of Non-violence of Ahimsa.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi was a true Karma Yogin and a practical idealist. He was very much influenced by the story of King Harischandra who sacrificed everything for upholding the cause of truth. His ethics may be described as an ethics of non-vilence. Non-violence was preached also by Buddha and Mahavir. But the difference is while they preached it for the attainment of liberation and Nirvana. But Gandhi revived it an tried to apply it in the field of politics in order to love the social, politcal and economic problems. He applied the concept of non-violence or Ahimsa not only for God realisation but also for self-purification and the general welfare of the people of the world. Therefore he has given Ahimsa a new outlook, new meaning and new interpretation.
Gandhi says that ahimsa is based on two pillars (1) Truthfulness and (2) Fearlessness. According to Gandhi* if we want to follow the law of truth, then fearlessness is absolutely necessary. For Gandhi, Ahimsa is the means and truth is the end. Ahimsa is our supreme duty. Ahimsa and truth are interrelated with each other that it is practically impossible to separate theory. Ahimsa is a means of attaining God. It is a power of love. We should always try to overcome evil by good, anger by love, untruth by truth, himsa by ahimsa. It means we can win over the opponent only by love, never by hate.
Again Gandhi says that, the practice of Ahimsa requires the greatest courage. As he was very much influenced by jesus christ so he influenced by Jesus Christ so he says that “Love your enemies, do good to them who hate you, bless them who curse you and pray them who despite. He says, hate the sin but not the sinner. Hence he belives that non-violence can change the heart of the crudest evildoer.
Non violence is not flight from wickedness. It is not passive submission to the will of the evildoer.
It is not a method of coercion but it is one of conversion. According to Gandhi, a satyagrahi must observe the five vows of truthfulness, non-violence, non-thieving, non-possession and sex- control. He says that the realisation of god is impossible for that person who is not guided by these five vows. Non-violence is not only a moral weapon against all kinds of evils. It is a rule of conduet, not only in individual life but also in political, social and economic life.
Question 2.
Explain Gandhi’s doctrine of Truth is God.
Answer:
The Gandhian practical philosophy is based on two principles of satya and Ahimsa. of the two, truth is more basic as Gandhiji arrived at the philosophy of non-violence in his pursuit for truth. From the very beginning he has said that God is truth, but now he says that truth is God.
Firstly Gandhigi held that God alone is real, sin god alone is real God is Truth. Secondly, sin description can ever grasp the nature or reality of God Gandhiji in his search of theism made him to assert the God is truth.
Gandhi says, Truth is God for the following reasons. Firstly the word truth is non-ambiguous, has a definite significance. But the word ‘God’ ambiguous. God may be interpreted in many ways. Secondly one may deny the existence of God but or cannot deny the existence of truth. Truth is universal and is not subject to doubt. Even the sceptics cannot reject the truth. Hence truth is primary. Thirdly Gandhi was strongly led by the feeling that is something has the truth then that something is God.
One of the important, implications of Gandhijis assertion “Truth is God” is that the object of worship is not God, but Truth. This line brings everybody. On to a common platform irrespective of caste, creed, colour and sex. Gandhiji was successful in this new transformation in his thought and philosophy as truth appeared before him as a weapon or force to unit the conflicting ideals and to fight against all evils and odds.
The following are some of the implications of Gandhiji’s notion of truth.
- Truth surfaces up despite al odds.
- Truth must be one.
- Truth must be expressed in a simple clear, and pleasant manner. But if truth will be expressed in an arrogant, rough and unpleasant manner may be socially harmful.
- It is true that every body cannot practice truth, but it is desired that everybody must attempt to be on the path of truth.
- The practice of truth puts one on the path of morality.
- The aim of truth is good of all.
- Where thereis truth, there is true knpwledge and this true knowledge gives ananda.
- Devotion to truth is the sole reason for our existence.
- Truth is central to life.
- The quest of truth requires self-interest, devotion and deep penance, it leads one nearer to God and provides him liberation.
Question 3.
Distinguish between non-injury and non-violence according to Gandhian.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi, a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, was a staunch advocate of nonviolence and peaceful resistance. His philosophy of nonviolence, known as “Ahimsa,” played a central role in his approach to social and political change. Gandhi distinguished between non-injury and non-violence, emphasizing the broader ethical and spiritual dimensions of Ahimsa. To understand this distinction, it is essential to delve into the nuances of Gandhi’s philosophy and how he applied these principles in various contexts.
Non-Injury (Ahimsa) :
1. Definition : Non-injury, or Ahimsa, is the principle of avoiding harm or causing as little harm as possible to all living beings, including humans, animals, and even plants. It is a foundational concept in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain philosophies, and Gandhi embraced it as a core tenet of his moral and political philosophy.
2. Scope : Ahimsa extends beyond physical violence and encompasses all forms of harm, including verbal, mental, and emotional harm. It emphasizes refraining from actions, words, or thoughts that may cause pain, suffering, or distress to others.
3. Positive Action : Non-injury is not merely the absence of harm; it also involves positive actions that contribute to the well-being and upliftment of others. Acts of kindness, compassion, and service are integral to the practice of Ahimsa.
4. Individual Practice : Gandhi emphasized that non-injury begins at the individual level, requiring self-discipline and self-control. It involves cultivating empathy, understanding, and a deep sense of interconnectedness with all living beings.
5. Truth and Fearlessness : Ahimsa is closely linked to truth (Satya) and fearlessness (Abhaya) in Gandhi’s philosophy. The commitment to non-injury requires a truthful and fearless approach to life, where one confronts challenges with courage and honesty.
6. Inner Transformation : Gandhi believed that practicing non-injury necessitates inner transformation. It requires individuals to overcome anger, hatred, and the desire for revenge, fostering a state of inner harmony and peace.
7. Applied to Diet: Gandhi extended the practice of non-injury to dietary choices, promoting vegetarianism as a means of reducing harm to animals. He advocated for conscious and ethical choices in food consumption.
Non-Violence (Satyagraha) :
1. Definition : Non-violence, or Satyagraha, is a broader concept that encompasses more than the absence of physical harm. Satyagraha is the force of truth and the pursuit of justice through nonviolent meAnswer: It involves actively resisting injustice without resorting to violence.
2. Strategic Resistance : Non-violence, as practiced in Satyagraha, involves strategic resistance against oppressive forces. It is a powerful tool for social and political change that seeks to transform the adversary rather than defeat them.
3. Confronting Injustice : Satyagraha requires individuals to confront injustice fearlessly, standing against oppressive systems through acts of civil disobedience, non-cooperation, and peaceful protest.
4. Collective Action : While non-injury is often viewed as an individual practice, non-violence, as embodied in Satyagraha, is a collective endeavor. It mobilizes communities and movements to challenge injustice and promote social reform.
5. Courage and Sacrifice : Satyagraha demands immense courage and a willingness to endure suffering for the sake of a just cause. It involves a readiness to make personal sacrifices for the greater good.
6. Appeal to Conscience : The essence of Satyagraha lies in appealing to the moral conscience of the oppressor. Instead of using force, non-violent resistance seeks to touch the humanity within the adversary, inspiring a change of heart.
7. Constructive Program : Gandhi emphasized the importance of a Constructive Program alongside Satyagraha. This involves building alternative, just, and equitable systems that serve as models for the society one envisions.
Distinguishing Between Non-Injury and Non-Violence :
1. Scope of Application : Non-injury primarily addresses individual conduct and the avoidance of harm in thought, word, and deed. It is a personal ethic that extends to daily life choices. Non-violence, on the other hand, is a collective and strategic approach to social and political transformation, involving active resistance against injustice.
2. Level of Engagement: Non-injury is more about individual morality and self-discipline, whereas non-violence engages with the broader socio-political context. Non-violence involves confronting systems of injustice and seeking structural change through collective action.
3. Positive Action vs. Resistance: Non-injury involves positive actions aimed at promoting the well-being of others. Non-violence, while also rooted in positive principles, emphasizes resistance against oppression and the refusal to cooperate with unjust systems.
4. Individual vs. Collective Dimension : Non-injury is primarily an individual practice that contributes to the cultivation of inner virtues. Non-violence, especially as expressed in Satyagraha, is a collective force for social and political transformation.
5. Means and Ends : Non-injury focuses on the means individuals adopt in their personal lives. Non-violence, as practiced in Satyagraha, considers both the means and ends, emphasizing that the means must be consistent with the desired ends.
Practical Application in Gandhi’s Life :
- Individual Practice : Gandhi personally embodied non-injury in his vegetarian lifestyle, commitment to truthfulness, and dedication to service.
- Collective Action : Through non-violent resistance, Gandhi led numerous movements against British colonial rule, advocating for India’s independence through non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and constructive programs.
- Philosophical Integration: For Gandhi, non-injury was a fundamental part of his spiritual philosophy, while non-violence provided the practical framework for addressing social and political issues.
- Tolstoy Farm and Sabarmati Ashram : Gandhi established Tolstoy Farm in South Africa and Sabarmati Ashram in India as communities where non-injury and non-violence were integral to daily life, emphasizing simplicity, self-sufficiency, and communal living.
Conclusion :
In Gandhi’s philosophy, non-injury (Ahimsa) and non-violence (Satyagraha) are interconnected but distinct concepts. Non-injury encompasses individual ethics, personal conduct, and positive actions, while non-violence involves collective resistance against injustice, strategic engagement with oppressive systems, and a commitment to truth and justice. The two concepts complement each other, forming the foundation of Gandhi’s transformative vision for personal and societal change. Gandhi’s life and teachings continue to inspire movements worldwide, emphasizing the enduring relevance of Ahimsa and Satyagraha in the pursuit of justice, peace, and human dignity.
Group – C
Objective type Questions with Answers
I. Multiple Choice Questions with Answers :
Question 1.
Gandhiji’s practical philosophy is based on;
(i) Truth
(ii) Non-violence
(iii) Truth and Non-violence
(iv) None of these
Answer:
(iii) Truth and Non-violence
Question 2.
Truthis:
(i) One
(ii) Dual in nature
(iii) Infinite
(iv) Limited
Answer:
(i) One
Question 3.
For Gancisiji truth is:
(i) Realistic
(ii) Idea hstic
(iii) Pragmatic
(iv) None of these
Answer:
(iii) Pragmatic
Question 4.
For Gansiji, Non-violence means:
(i) Not huning and offending anybody
(ii) Not breeding any uncharitabk thought
(iii) Doing something good Lo othas
(iv) All of these
Answer:
(iv) All of these
Question 5.
Gandhiji trimslaics Non-siolence as
(i) Truth
(ii) Moraliy
(iii) Goodwill
(iv) Love
Answer:
(iv) Lave
Question 6.
Ahitma is a weapon of the:
(i) Physically strong
(ii) Mentally strong
(iii) Both phytiicaUy and mentally strong
(iv) None of these
Answer:
(ii) Mentally strong
Question 7.
The method of Non-violence yeilds:
(i) Temporary resuJi
(ii) Long-lasting result
(iii) No results
(iv) Poor result
Answer:
(ii) Long lasting result
Question 8.
Non-violence is:
(i) A virtue
(ii) Love
(iii) A weapon of the brase
(iv) All of these
Answer:
(iv) All of these
Question 9.
The method of non-violence is
(i) A swiftest path
(ii) A surest path
(iii) A swiftest and surest path
(iv) A s4ove.t path
Answer:
(iii) A swiftest and surest path
Question 10.
How many axioma of non-violence did Gandhiji put forth?
(i) Four
(ii) Five
(iii) Soi
(iv) Seven
Answer:
(ii) Five
II. Fill In the blanks
Question 1.
In the positive sente ahimaa means ______.
Answer:
Love
Question 2.
In the negative sense non-violence means ______.
Answer:
Non killrngor flofl-iftZY
Question 3.
Accortng to Gandhiji, truth is ______.
Answer:
Go
Question 4.
Non-violence is ______ to ,ntn.
Answer:
Natural
Question 5.
Truth connotes ______ at the sense of value.
Answer:
Justice
Question 6.
Truth and ______ are the two sides of the same coin.
Answer:
Non-violence.
Question 7.
Gandhiji wants us to ______ resist evil
Answer:
Actively
Question 8.
The mmm spring of Ahimsa is ______.
Answer:
Love
Question 9.
The power of ______ is greater than violence.
Answer:
Non-violence
Question 10.
Non-violence cames the force of the ______.
Answer:
Soul
Question 11.
Violence breeds ______.
Answer:
Violence
Question 12.
Non-violelice iniphes a coniplete ______ as is hummnly possible.
Answer:
Self-purification.
Question 13.
Non-violence is without exception ______ to violence.
Answer:
Superior
Question 14.
There i no such thing as______ in non-violence.
Answer:
Defeal
Question 15.
Gandiiji believes ibet evil an be own over by ______.
Answer:
Love
III. Correct the Sentences:
Question 1.
Mahatmm Gandhi was a metaphysician-
Answer:
Mahatma Ganih was a practical philosopher.
Question 2.
We can csttblisb pace by violaxe,
Answer:
We can establish pace by non-violence.
Question 3.
Non-violece is seine.
Answer:
Non-violence is inferior than violenc.
Question 4.
Non-violence is inferior than violence.
Answer:
Non-violence ¡s supenot than violence.
Question 5.
Gandhi’s view on non-violence is theontical.
Answer:
Gsndli?s view on non-violence is practical.
Question 6.
Gandhi’s philosophy is basal on violence.
Answer:
Gandh’s philosophy is based on Non-violence.
Question 7.
Gandhiji calls for suhnission to evil.
Answer:
Gandhiji calls for active resistance to evil.
Question 8.
Gandiji wants to wm over the evil by evil.
Answer:
Gandhiji wants to win over the evil by Love.
Question 9.
Non-violence is the method the weak and passive people.
Answer:
Non-violence is the method of the strong, courageous and active people.
Question 10.
The method of non-violence is very hard.
Answer:
The method of non-violence is very swift.
Question 11.
GanJiis motto is the greatest good of the greatest number.
Answer:
Gandhi’s motto is the greatest good of all.
Question 12.
Gandhi’s non-violence canies the force of the body and mind.
Answer:
Gandhi’s non-violence carnes the force of the soul.
II. Answer the following questions in one word :
Question 1.
What is the positive sense of ahimsa?
Answer:
Love
Question 2.
Name the counterpart of truth.
Answer:
Non-violence
Question 3.
Is non-violence active or passive?
Answer:
Active
Question 4.
Whether non-violence in,lies physical or mental strength?
Answer:
Mental
Question 5.
Is non-violence a virtue or vice?
Answer:
Virtue
Question 6.
Can we establish peace by violence?
Answer:
No
Question 7.
Is there a defeat in Non-violence?
Answer:
No
Question 8.
Is non-violence superior or mferior to violence?
Answer:
Superior
Question 9.
Whose forimiLaüon of Live d Gancthiji accept?
Answer:
Loe Tolstoy
Question 10.
Is there an element of competition is non-violence?
Answer:
No
Question 11.
What sort of means does Gandhiji suggest to reach the end?
Answer:
Non-violence