Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Chapter 4 In London In Minus Fours Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Class 11th Invitation English Chapter 4 In London In Minus Fours Question Answers CHSE Odisha
In London In Minus Fours Class 11 Questions and Answers
UNIT – I
Gist with Glossary:
Gist:
Gandhiji left Bombay at noon on August 29, 1931, on his way to London. His youngest son Devadas and his chief secretary Mahadev Desai accompanied him. Besides them, there was Miss Slade, Pyarelal Nayyar, and Pandit Malaviya with him. He was going to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London as the sole delegate and representative of India. He was staying at Kingsley Hall. On his customary morning walks he was going through the slum areas. He came in homely contact with many men and women who were on the way to their work.
Glossary:
S.S. Rajputna : Steam Ship Rajputana
out-Boswelled Boswell: Mahadev Desai, Gandhiji’s secretary seemed to excel Boswell, a celebrated biographer of Samuel Johnson, in the art of keeping diaries
aide : assistant (ସହକାରୀ)
Pandit Malaviya : Madan Mohan Malaviya
millionaire: a person whose assets are worth one million pounds or dollars or more (କୋଟିପତି,ଧନକୁବେର )
segment : section (ଭାଗ)
a segment of vocal India: a large section of people who spoke in India’s interest
slum : humble dwelling of poor people (ଦରିଦ୍ର ବସ୍ତି)
sidle : walk in a shy or nervous way (ବିଷଣ୍ଣଭାବେ ଚାଲିବା)
Think it out:
Question 1.
Why was Gandhi chosen as the sole delegate of Congress to the Second Round Table Conference?
Answer:
Gandhi was chosen as the sole delegate of Congress to the Second Round Table Conference because he was the real spokesman of the organization. He also represented the vast majority of Indians who loudly spoke in India’s interest.
Question 2.
How did Gandhi befriend the men and women of the slum areas of London?
Answer:
During his stay at Kingsley Hall in London, Gandhi used to go on his morning walks. In the course of his morning walk, he was going through the nearby slum areas. On the way, he met many men and women who were going to work. They were drawn towards him. They smiled at him. He drew them into the conversation. A loving relationship developed between them. Gandhi used to go to their homes and ultimately made friends with them.
UNIT-II
Gist with Glossary :
Gist:
King George V and Queen Mary invited Gandhiji to tea in Buckingham Palace. The whole country’s focus was on Gandhiji’s dress. Gandhiji came to the palace with their usual loincloth, sandals, a shawl, and his dollar watch hanging loosely. He enjoyed himself everywhere in the company of the most dignified personalities of England. Among them were Lord Irwin, wartime Prime Minister Devid Lloyd George, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Field Marshal Smuts, Bernard Shaw, and the like. Winston Churchill denied meeting him.
He addressed many public meetings. Hi’s staying at Oxford was memorable. There he explained clearly what the independence of India meant. He wanted the end of British rule in India. He would love to see India as an equal partner with Britain. His views on India’s independence were as clear as crystal. He did not desire her freedom for the sake of freedom only. He wanted it on the basis of mutual help.
Glossary:
buzz : talk noisely (ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ୱରରେ କଥା ହେବା )
incessantly : continuously (କ୍ରମାଗତ ଭାବରେ |)
plus-fours: more clothing than the usual items of the Englishman’s dress namely suit, shirt, hat, and tie
minus-fours: only clothing of homespun loincloth and shawl, but not any conventional items
agog: anxious to know
loincloth: a piece of cloth covering the middle of the body, folded between the legs (ଆଣ୍ଠୁ ନ ଲୁଚୁଥିବା ଲୁଗା)
dangling : hanging loosely (ଢିଲା ଭାବରେ ଝୁଲି ଝୁଲି)
dollar watch : dollar like round shaped pocket watch (ଡଲାର ଆକୃତିର ପକେଟ୍ ଘଣ୍ଟା)
Bernard Shaw : (1856-1960) distinguished British dramatist, public speaker and free thinker
appendectomy : surgical removal of appendicites ଆପେଣ୍ଡିସାଇଟ୍ ବହିଷ୍କରଣ)
innumerable: numberless (ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ,ଅଗଣିତ)
memorable : deserving to be remembered (ସ୍ମରଣୀୟ)
Empire : The British Empire (ବ୍ରିଟିଶ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ)
grieve : cause grief to (ଦୁଃଖଦାୟକ)
Emperorship: the power of supreme rule over subject nations (ସମ୍ରାଟତ୍ଵ)
Dominions: self-governing countries of the British Commonwealth (ଉପନିବେଶ )
equal terms : equal status (ସମାନ ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦା )
prevision : foresight (ପୂର୍ବଦୃଷ୍ଟି)
Commonwealth: former British Colonies forming a group of free nations associating politically for the common good
discern : see clearly (ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ଦେଖିବା)
isolated independence: freedom alone or for its own sake (କେବଳ ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା)
voluntary interdependence : willing acceptance of mutual help (ସ୍ଵେଚ୍ଛାକୃ ତ ପରସ୍ପର ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା )
treasure (v) : hold at great value (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦେବା )
viable: feasible, capable of success (ଫଳପ୍ରଦ)
Think it out:
Question 1.
What was Gandhi’s reply to the journalists’ question about his dress?
Answer:
When the journalists questioned Gandhi about his dress, he replied that the British people had more clothing than their usual dress namely a suit, shirt, hat, and tie. But he was dressed short of those conventional items – a very simple clothing of homespun loincloth and a shawl.
Question 2.
How was Gandhi dressed when he went to see King George V?
Answer:
When Gandhi went to see King George V, he was dressed in his usual loincloth, sandals, a shawl, and his dangling dollar watch.
Question 3.
What did Gandhi say in reply to the question of whether he had enough on during his meeting with the King?
Answer:
During Gandhi’s meeting with King George V, someone asked him if he had enough on. Gandhi replied that the king had enough on for both of them.
Question 4.
How did Gandhi enjoy himself in London?
Answer:
In London, Gandhi enjoyed himself everywhere in the company of the most dignified personalities of England. Among them were Lord Irwin, wartime Prime Minister David Lloyd George, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Field Marshal Smuts, Bernard Shaw, and the like. Winston Churchill denied meeting him. He addressed many public meetings.
Question 5.
What was Gandhi’s idea of Free India as a dominion in the Commonwealth?
Answer:
Gandhi’s idea of free India as a dominion in the Commonwealth was unique. He clearly but forcefully stated his stand on free India. The British Emperor must leave India. He would love to be an equal partner with the Dominions. He would like to have a partnership based on equal terms. He would not want to hurt England, but to share her joys and sufferings.
Question 6.
What did Gandhi mean by the ‘creative interdependence’ of the member nations of the Commonwealth?
Answer:
Mutual help among the member nations of the Commonwealth, Gandhi said, was to need of the hour. Gandhi would love to see these nations bound by the mystical bond of love, friendship, work, progress, and security. To him ‘Creative interdependence’ meant better life.
UNIT – III
Gist with Glossary:
Gist :
His charming and frank manners won him, innumerable friends. He bravely went to Lancashire where his stirring agitation for khadi caused massive unemployment, still, he was cheered by the multitude of people. Someone took a photograph of Gandhi in his khadi from neck to knee. Gandhiji started his real work outside the official Round Table Conference. Gandhi’s work started at 3.45 a.m. and ended at 2 p.m. The Round Table Conference was heading towards an inevitable failure.
The British took a rigid stand, they clearly conveyed fully their view not to leave India at all. But they were ready to give importance to India’s standpoint, it’s yearning to be free. An agreement could not be reached. The British Government provided two specially trained policemen for Gandhi’s security. Gandhi never kept them at a distance like other dignitaries. He developed a strong personal relationship with them. From India, he sent each a watch as a mark of his profound love.
Glossary:
frankness : openness (ଖୋଲାଖୋଲି)
humanity : humanitarian feeling (ମାନବିକତା)
creative : having power to create (ସର୍ଜନଶୀଳ)
accessibility : readiness to mix with (ମିଶାଣିଆ ପ୍ରକୃତି)
lion’s den : lion’s cave, a dangerous place. (ସିଂହଗୁମ୍ଫା)
Gandhi’s boycott of foreign cloth paralysed Lancashire cloth mills. The mill owners were highly critical of him.
agitation : unrest (ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ)
wrapped : covered (ଆବୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା)
homespun : cloth for which the spinning is done at home (ଘରୋଇ ବୁଣା)
squeezed : pressed from all sides (ସବୁପଟୁ ଚାପି ହୋଇ ରହିଥିଲା)
applaud : praise (ପ୍ରଶଂସା)
embarrassment : mental discomfort (ମାନସିକ ଅସ୍ବସ୍ତି)
softening : making soft (କୋମଳ କରିବା)
brutalisation : transforming men to brutes (ପାଶବିକ ଅତ୍ୟାଚାର)
respite : rest (ବିଶ୍ରାମ)
abandon : give up (ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା, ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା)
irresistible : which cannot be stopped (ଅଦମନୀୟ)
yearning : eagerness (ଆଗ୍ରହ)
preserve : keep from loss (ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ କର |)
Scotland Yard : London Metropolitan police
royalty : persons of royal descent (ରାଜକୀୟତା)
dignitaries : important personalities (ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦାସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିବିଶେଷ )
at arm’s length : at a safe distance (ନିରାପଦ ଦୂରତ୍ବରେ )
engraved : carved (ଖୋଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା)
Think it out:
Question 1.
Which qualities in Gandhi turned his opponents to friends?
Answer:
Gandhi believed in love and not hatred. He would not hurt the sentiments of his opponents. He was full of warmth. He was extremely frank. He was a symbol of humanity. Everybody who came in contact with him felt his love for the world and paid him back with love. He had faith in himself. All these qualities in Gandhi turned his opponents to friends.
Question 2.
How did he make friends even among those he hurt?
Answer:
He made friends even among those he hurt by mixing with them freely and lovingly.
Question 3.
What was Gandhi’s work in London outside the Round Table Conference?
Answer:
Gandhi’s work in London outside the Round Table Conference was very important. He aimed at softening the British attitude. He was trying his best to meet the people and preach the concept of love and faith among them. The Government was treating human beings as beasts. He felt his meeting with the people outside the Conference would sow the seeds of love and friendship for the future. It would help in changing the brutal British spirit in later years.
Question 4.
Why did the Second Round Table Conference fail to bring about an agreement?
Answer:
The British Government took a very tough stand in the Second Round Table Conference on India’s demand for freedom. A member of the British delegation clearly stated that Britain would never leave India while at the same time they would try their best to keenly understand India’s views. The British policy was as clear as crystal. India’s eagerness to be free was met with Britain’s stubborn wish to stay in the country. Therefore, the Second Round Table Conference failed to bring about an agreement.
Question 5.
How did Gandhi treat the Scotland Yard detectives?
Answer:
The British Government provided two Scotland Yard detectives to guard Gandhi in England. Gandhi was very close to them. He never kept them at a distance as most dignitaries did. He was very free and frank with them and visited their homes. He treated them with the warmth of love. He treated them as a part of his family. Gandhi sent each a watch from India and this revealed his deep personal love for two Scotland Yard detectives.
Post-Reading Activities:
Doing with words :
A. Match the italicized expressions in the text below with their synonyms given in the table.
1. The audience praises the speaker who can make a nice speech by clapping of hands.
2. The 15th of August is an unforgettable day for the Indians.
3. The country is excited over a possible outbreak of war.
4. Digging gold mines in Orissa is not a feasible project.
5. Nobody can see clearly the real cause of the spread of violence.
6. Rapid industrialization has brought in the condition of being treated in a cruel and savage manner of human beings.
7. A large section of public opinion is in favor of the nationalization of road transport.
Synonyms
segment |
Italicized expressions
a large section |
| agog |
|
| memorable |
|
| viable |
|
| discern |
|
| applaud |
|
| brutalization |
|
Answer:
Synonyms
segment |
Italicized expressions
a large section |
| agog |
excited |
| memorable |
unforgettable |
| viable |
feasible |
| discern |
see clearly |
| applaud |
Praises by clapping of hands |
| brutalization |
The condition of being treated in a cruel
and savage manner |
B. Make new words by adding -en.
Example: soft – soften
hard ___________
strength ___________
length ___________
light ___________
height ___________
bright ___________
tight ___________
Answer:
hard harden
strength strengthen
length lengthen
light lighten
height heighten
bright brighten
tight tighten
C. Make sentences using the following expressions :
out-number, sidle up, pay respect, cut off, and above all, at arm’s length
Answer:
out-number — Girls out-numbered the boys in the debate competition,
sidle up — The children sidle up to me and held my hand,
pay respect — Pay respect to your teachers.
cut off — Balasore was cut off from the outside world in the last flood,
above all — Gandhiji was a politician, a writer, a moralist; above all, he was a humanist.
at arm’s length — We should keep the anti-social elements at our arm’s length.
D. Mark the use of articles (a, an, the) in the following sentences :
(a) Kingsley Hall was an East Settlement House in London.
(b) The Mahatma had a good laugh.
(c) Gandhi addressed a union of mill workers at Darwen.
(d) Gandhi sailed from Bombay on the S. S. Rajputana.
Note : (i) how in (a), (b), and (c) countable nouns are preceded by the articles a/ an.
(ii) ‘the is used before ‘Mahatma’ which is specified in (b) and before nouns denoting names of ships, rivers, mountains ranges, etc. as in (d).
(iii) Adjectives when preceded by ‘the’ denote class, e.g. the rich, the virtuous, etc. and are used as nouns.
Insert the appropriate articles where necessary in the right places in the sentences given below :
1. Pyarelal was aide of Gandhiji.
2. Gandhiji was sole delegate to Second Round Table Conference.
3. He spent considerable portion of his salary for poor.
4. After graduation she joined university.
5. Germans are industrious nation.
6. Mr. James is European journalist.
7. Gandhiji’s dream did not become reality.
8. Delightful picture of leader was taken outside the Greenfield Mill.
9. Rich lead life of unrest.
10. I like beauty of this place.
Answers:
1. Pyarelal was an aide of Gandhiji.
2. Gandhiji was the sole delegate to the Second Round Table Conference.
3. He spent a considerable portion of his salary for the poor.
4. After graduation she joined a university.
5. The Germans are an industrious nation.
6. Mr. James is a European journalist.
7. Gandhiji’s dream did not become a reality.
8. A delightful picture of the leader was taken outside the Greenfield Mill.
9. The rich lead a life of unrest.
10. I like the beauty of this place.
E. A preposition links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. Use the appropriate prepositions in the blanks.
1. He was sent as a delegate _____ the general body meeting. (for/to)
2. The social workers took a walk _____ the nearby slum areas. (through/into)
3. Pay proper respect ________ your superiors. (for/to)
4. She smiled _____ me while passing by our house. (to/at)
5. What do you mean _____ democracy? (for/by)
6. He was wrapped in _____ white cotton cloth. (in/by)
7. He engaged them in _____ conversation. (with/in)
Answer:
1. He was sent as a delegate to the general body meeting.
2. The social workers took a walk through the nearby slum areas.
3. Pay proper respect to your superiors.
4. She smiled at me while passing by our house.
5. What do you mean by democracy?
6. He was wrapped in a white cotton cloth.
7. He engaged them in conversation.
CHSE Odisha Class 11 English In London In Minus Fours Important Questions and Answers
I. Short Answer Type Questions with Answers
1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Gandhi sailed from Bombay on the S.S. Rajputana at noon on August 29, 1931, accompanied by his youngest son, Devadas, his chief secretary, Mahadev Desai, who, he said, “out-Boswelled Boswell,” Miss Slade, Pyarelal Nayyar, an aide, G.D. Birla, the textile millionaire, Pandit Malaviya, and Mrs. Naidu. Gandhi was proceeding as a sole delegate of Congress to the Second Round Table Conference in London. No other delegates were necessary since he spoke for the organization and for a considerable segment of vocal India.
In London from September 12th to December 5th, he stayed, most of the time, at Kingsley Hall, an East Settlement House, as a guest of Muriel Lester, who had visited him in 1926. Mornings he took walks through the nearby slum areas, and men and women on the way to work would smile at him and he engaged them in conversation and later came to their homes. Children called him “Uncle Gandhi” and sidled up to him and held his hand. One mischief-loving youngster called out, “Hey, Gandhi, where’s your trousers ?” The Mahatma had a good laugh.
Questions :
(i) When did Gandhi sail from Bombay?
(ii) Explain the expression ‘out-Boswelled Boswell’.
(iii) Where and how long Gandhiji did stay in London?
(iv) Where did he take morning walks?
(v) How did the Mahatma respond, when one mischief-loving youngster called out, “Hey Gandhi, where’re your trousers ?”
Answers :
(i) It was at noon on August 29, 1931, when Gandhi sailed from Bombay.
(ii) The expression ‘out-Boswelled Boswell’ is indicative of the fact that Mahadev Desai, Gandhi’s chief secretary, seemed to outshine Boswell in the art of keeping diaries.
(iii) In London Gandhi stayed, most of the time, at Kingsley Hall, an East Settlement House from September 12th to December 5th. He was a guest of Muriel Lester.
(iv) He took morning walks through the nearby slum areas heavily populated by the poor.
(v) When one mischief-loving youngster called out, “Hey, Gandhi, where’s your trousers ?”, the Mahatma laughed heartily.
2. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
He was a wonderful newspaper copy, and journalists buzzed around him incessantly. One reporter questioned Gandhi about his dress. “You people,” he replied, “wear plus-fours, mine are minus-fours.” When he was invited to tea in Buckingham Palace with King George V and Queen Mary, all of England was agog over what he would wear. He wore the usual loincloth, sandals, a shawl, and his dangling dollar watch. Subsequently, someone asked Gandhi whether he had enough on. “The King,” he replied, “had enough on for both of us.”
He enjoyed himself everywhere. He had talks with Lord Irwin, wartime Prime Minister David Lloyd George, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Field Marshal Smuts, Bernard Shaw, and scores of others, and went down into the country near Reading to pay his respects to Colonel Maddock who had performed the appendectomy on him in Poona jail. Winston Churchill refused to see him. He also addressed innumerable public meetings and spent two memorable weekends at Oxford.
In these and in the private conversations he tried, above all else, to explain what he meant by the independence of India. He would cut India off “from the Empire entirely, from the British nation not at all, if I want India to, gain and not to grieve. The Emperorship must go and I should love to be an equal partner with Britain sharing her joys and sorrows and an equal partner with the Dominions. But it must be a partnership on equal terms.”
He was describing precisely and with remarkable precision, the status free India assumed in the Commonwealth in 1948. He went even further; he saw what many of his followers have not yet discerned. “Isolated independence is not the goal,” he asserted. “It is voluntary interdependence. Liberated colonies so treasure their new-found independence; they think it is a viable reality. But the law of nature in love, friendship, work, progress, and security, is creative interdependence.
Questions :
(i) Why did journalists talk noisely around him ceaselessly?
(ii) How did Winston Churchill react to Gandhi’s visit?
(iii) How does the writer describe his two weekends at Oxford?
(iv) Explain Gandhi’s statement “Isolated independence is not the goal.”
(v) ‘……………… they think it is a viable reality.’ What does the word ‘they’ refer to?
Answers :
(i) Journalists talked noisely around Gandhi ceaselessly, as he was a remarkable newspaper copy. In other words, he excelled in the art of answering their questions in a loving and simple manner.
(ii) Winston Churchill declined to meet Gandhi.
(iii) The writer states that Gandhi’s two weekends at Oxford were unforgettable.
(iv) Gandhi’s concept of “Isolated independence” carries great significance. India’s freedom alone is not enough. Many of his followers have not realized this concept. For the national independence was an end. It was good in itself. But for Gandhi, it was a means to an end – the end begins with love, peace, and progress for all the newly-liberated nations of the world.
(v) ‘They’ refers to liberated countries.
3. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow;
Everywhere he made friends by his charm, frankness, humanity, and accessibility. He even walked into the lion’s den in Lancashire where his agitation for khadi and against foreign cloth had caused painful unemployment. At a meeting of the textile mill workers, one man said, “I am one of the unemployed, but if I was in India I would say the same thing that Mr. Gandhi is saying.” A delightful photograph taken outside the Greenfield Mill at Darwen shows Gandhi wrapped in white homespun from neck to knee, for it was cold, and squeezed in among cheering, applauding women, one of whom, to his embarrassment, is holding his hand.
He made friends even among those he hurt. “I found that my work lies outside the Conference,” he told a London audience. ‘This is the real Round Table Conference The seed which is being sown now may result in softening the British spirit and in preventing the brutalization of human beings.” Mahadev Desai’s diaries show that the Mahatma often got to bed at 2 A.M., awoke at 3.45 A.M. for prayers, wrote letters and read papers, rested again from 5 to 6, and had no respite from then till the next morning at 1 or 2 A.M, Small wonder that he occasionally slept at sessions of the Conference.
He did not give it his best. The Round Table Conference was bound to fail. Lord Reading, a member of the British delegation, formulated the British purpose in one sentence: “I believe that the true policy between Britain and India is that we should in this country strive all we can to give effect to the views of India while preserving at the same time our own position, which we must not and cannot abandon. An irresistible force, India’s yearning to be free, met an immovable object, Britain’s wish to stay in India. That made agreement impossible.
The British government had assigned two Scotland Yard detectives to guard Gandhi in England. They were special policemen, giants in size, who usually protected royalty. They grew to like ‘the little man’. Unlike most dignitaries, Gandhi did not keep them at arm’s length or ignore them. He discussed public affairs with them and visited their homes. Before leaving England he requested that they be allowed to accompany him to Brindisi, Italy, whence he would sail for India. Their chief asked the reason why. “Because they are part of my family,” Gandhi replied. From India, he sent each a watch engraved with “With love from Mr. Gandhi.”
Questions :
(i) “He even walked into the lion’s den in Lancashire.” Explain the significance of the ‘lion’s den’ here.
(ii) “………………….to his embarrassment, is holding his hand.” What do the words ‘his hand’ refer to?
(iii) Describe Gandhiji’s daily routine.
(iv) Explain the expression ‘an irresistible force’.
(v) What qualities of Gandhiji are highlighted in the extract?
Answers :
(i) The ‘lion’s den’ literally refers to a cave where the lion lives. Here it signifies a dangerous place. Lancashire with its cloth mills, became a dangerous place for Gandhi because his agitation for khadi and the boycott of foreign cloth India paralyzed the mills there. But still, he was fearless in his campaign.
(ii) The words ‘his hand’ refer to Gandhiji’s hand.
(iii) Gandhi’s day started at 3.45 a.m. when he went for prayer. There he started writing letters and reading papers. He was taking rest for an hour from 5 to 6. From then he had no rest. He worked incessantly till the next morning at 1 to 2 a.m. He retired to bed at 2 a.m.
(iv) The expression ‘an irresistible force’ throws light on India’s eagerness to be free from the shackles of British imperialism that could not be held in check.
(v) The extract highlights Gandhiji’s charm, openness, humanity, simplicity, fearlessness, and above all, his love for all.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Choose the correct option.
Unit – I
The text
Gandhi sailed ………………. good laugh.
Question 1.
Gandhi sailed from Bombay on the:
(a) S. S. Rajputana at noon on August 29, 1931
(b) Mayflower at the morning on August 15, 1947
(c) Vikrant at night on August 9, 1913
(d) Victoria at the evening on August 2, 1934
Answer:
(a) S. S. Rajputana at noon on August 29, 1931
Question 2.
Gandhi was accompanied by his youngest son :
(a) Raidas
(b) Bikash
(c) Devadas
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Devadas
Question 3.
Gandhi’s chief secretary. Mahadev Desai was also known as:
(a) ‘out-loss welled loss well
(b) ‘out-Boswelled Boswell’
(c) ‘out-TossweIIed Tosswell’
(d) ‘out-Mosswelled Mosswell’
Answer:
(b) ‘out-Boswelled Boswell’
Question 4.
Miss Slade Pyarcial Nayyar an aide of G. D. Bina, the textile millionaire. Pandit Malaviya and Mrs. Naidu were also accompanied with:
(a) Gandhi
(b) Nehru
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Bhagat Singh
Answer:
(a) Gandhi
Question 5.
Gandhi was proceeding as a sole delegate of Congress to the :
(a) First Round Table Conference in the USA
(b) Third Round Table Conference in Germany
(c) Second Round Table Conference in London
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) Second Round Table Conference in London
Question 6.
S. S. Rajputana was a:
(a) steamship
(b) boat
(c) train
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) steamship
Question 7.
No other delegates were necessary since he spoke for the organization and for a considerable :
(a) a segment of a slum area
(b) part of the urban area
(c) section of local India
(d) a segment of vocal India
Answer:
(d) a segment of vocal India
Question 8.
In London, Gandhi stayed most of the time, at :
(a) Princely Sunglow, a West Settlement House from 12th Jan. — 5th Apr.
(b) Wingsley Hall, a North Settlement House from 12th Apr. — 7th July
(c) Lessley Apartment an South Settlement House from 9th Aug. — 15th Sept.
(d) Kingsley Hall, an East Settlement House from 12th Sept. — 5th Dec.
Answer:
(d) Kingsley Hall, an East Settlement House from 12th Sept. — 5th Dec.
Question 9.
Gandhi stayed there as a guest of Muriel Lester, who had visited him in :
(a) 1950
(b) 1926
(c) 1920
(d)1914
Answer:
(b) 1926
Question 10.
Gandhi, in the mornings; took walks through the nearby :
(a) urban areas
(b) local areas
(c) slum areas
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(c) slum areas
Question 11.
“Men and women on the way to work would smile at him and he engaged them in conversation and later came to their homes.” Here ‘he’ refers to:
(a) Devadas
(b) Gandhi
(c) Nehru
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) Gandhi
Question 12.
Children called Gandhi
(a) Bapu
(b) Mohandas
(c) Gandhi’s Uncle
(d) Uncle Gandhi
Answer:
(d) Uncle Gandhi
Question 13.
In this context, the word ‘sidled means :
(a) walked in a shy or nervous way
(b) walked in a smart or prompt way
(C) walked in a scary way
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) walked in a shy or nervous way
Question 14.
“Hey, Gandhi. where’re your trousers ?“ In this expression, who told to whom?
(a) one mischievous boy to Gandhi
(b) one mischief-loving youngster to Gandhi
(c) a little girl to Gandhi
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) one mischief-loving youngster to Gandhi
Question 15.
Hearing this Mahatma Gandhi had a:
(a) good smile
(b) good expression
(c) good laugh
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(c) good laugh
Question 16.
The Second Round Table Conference in London was an important landmark in the history of:
(a) American Freedom Movement
(b) France Freedom Movement
(c) African Freedom Movement
(d) Indian Freedom Movement
Answer:
(d) Indian Freedom Movement
Question 17.
The Second Round Table Conference was held in London from
(a) 17th Sept. 1931 — 10th Dec, 1932
(b) 27th Sept. 1913— 10th Nov, 1913
(c) 7th Oct. 1942 — 1st Dec, 1943
(d) 7th Sept. 1931 — 1st Dec, 1931
Answer:
(d) 7th Sept. 1931 — 1st Dec, 1931
Question 18.
“In London In Minus Fours” forms a chapter in :
(a) The Life of Sarojini Naidu (1905)
(b) The Life of Shakespeare (1942)
(c) The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950)
(d) The Life of Jawaharlal Nehru (1951)
Answer:
(c) The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950)
Question 19.
In this essay, the author portrays the character of:
(a) Devadas
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Nehru
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(b) Gandhiji
Question 20.
Who do you think? The author of n London In Munus Fours”?
(a) Louis Fischer (1896—1970)
(b) Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804—1864)
(c) Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yeviushenko (1933— )
(d) Khushwant Singh (1915— )
Answer:
(a) Louis Fischer (1896—1970)
Question 21.
Louis Fischer was outstanding :
(a) English writer, novelist, and essayist
(b) American writer, columnist, and analyst of world affairs
(c) Russian poet, dramatist, and actor
(d) Radiation Oncologist, USA
Answer:
(b) American writer, columnist, and analyst of world affairs
Question 22.
Who among the below occupies a unique place among Gandhiji’s admirers in the West?
(a) Louis Fischer
(b) Rahindranath Tagore
(c) Khuswant Singh
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(a) Louis Fischer
Question 23.
Louis Fischer had closely studied the life and teachings of
(a) Napoleon Bonaparte
(h) Hitler
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Sardar Vahlabhbhai Patel
Answer:
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
Question 24.
Vio,-d ‘aide in this chapter means :
(a) assistant
(b) Ofticer-in-Gerieral
(c) peon
(d) supporter
Answer:
(a) assistant
Question 25.
In this essay the author portrays the character of Gandhiji more as a humane human being than as a :
(a) socialist
(b) nationalist
(c) politician
(d) magician
Answer:
(c) politician
Unit — II
The text
He was a …………….. interdependence.
Question 26.
Gandhiji was :
(a) handsome in dress and rude in manners
(b) humble in dress and simple in manners
(c) expensive in dress and simple in manners
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) humble in dress and simple in manners
Question 27.
Gandhiji had a unique approach to his goal of complete freedom:
(a) America
(b) Africa
(c) India
(d) France
Answer:
(c) India
Question 28.
He was a wonderful newspaper copy and journalists buried around him incessantly. What does the expression refer to? The center of attraction that
is why :
(a) Gandhiji was a wise person journalists moved around him
(b) Gandhiji was a handsome person journalist stayed with him
(c) Gandhiji was a charming political leader journalist moved around him
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) Gandhiji was a wise person journalists moved around him
Question 29.
What does the expression plus fours and minus fours’ refers o
(a) more clothing than the usual items of the Englishman’s dress (plus fours); without these conventional items but simple clothing of homespun loin cloth and a shawl (minus fours)
(b) Gorgeous clothing (minus fours); simple clothing (plus fours)
(c) without clothes (minus fours); clothes covering from top to toe (plus fours)
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) more clothing than the usual items of the Englishman’s dress (plus fours); without these conventional items but simple clothing of homespun loin cloth and a shawl (minus fours)
Question 30.
Gandhiji invited to tea in :
(a) Lenburg Palace
(b) Switzer Palace
(c) Mahima Palace
(d) Buckingham Palace
Answer:
(d) Buckingham Palace
Question 31.
Gandhiji was invited to Buckingham palace by:
(a) King George V and Queen Elizabeth
(b) King George V and Queen Mary
(c) King Washington V and Queen Victoria
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) King George V and Queen Mary
Question 32.
The time of meeting with King George V and Queen Mary. Gandhiji wore
(a) loincloth and a shawl
(b) sandals
(c) dangling dollar watch
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(d) all of the above
Question 33.
Where did Gandhi go to pay his respects to Colonel Maddock?
(a) to the country
(b) to Ireland
(c) to Scotland
(d) to Buckingham Palace
Answer:
(a) to the country
Question 34.
What do you mean by the word appendectomy?
(a) surgical operation of the kidney
(b) surgical operation of the liver
(c) surgical removal of appendicitis
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) surgical removal of appendicitis
Question 35.
Who among the following refused to meet Gandhi?
(a) Bernard Shaw
(b) David Lloyd
(c) Winston Churchill
(d) Clement Atlee
Answer:
(c) Winston Churchill
Question 36.
“He had talks with Lord Erwin, wartime Prime Minister David Lloyd George. the Archbishop of Canterbury, Field Marshal Smuts, Bernard Shaw and scores of others.”
Here, ‘he’ stands for:
(a) King George V
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Queen Mary
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) Gandhiji
Question 37.
Gandhiji addressed innumerable public meetings and spent two memorable weekends at :
(a) Utkal
(b) Delhi
(c) Ravenshaw
(d) Oxford
Answer:
(d) Oxford
Question 38.
What does Gandhi mean by ‘Independence of India’?
(a) Gandhi wanted the Emperorship to go and he should love to be an equal partner with Britain sharing his joys and sorrows and an equal panner with the Dominions.
(b) Gandhi wanted the Empcrorship to stay and he should hate to be an equal partner with France sharing his joys and happiness and an unequal partner with the
Dominions.
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) Gandhi wanted the Emperorship to go and he should love to be an equal partner with Britain sharing his joys and sorrows and an equal panner with the Dominions.
Question 39.
With remarkable precision, the status free India assumed in the Commonwealth in
(a) 1947
(b)1998
(c) 1984
(d) 1948
Answer:
(d) 1948
Question 40.
“Isolated independence is not the goal” he asserted. It is the voluntary interdependence”. Here ‘he’ stands for:
(a) Nehru
(b) Napoleon Bonaparte
(c) Subash Chandra Bose
(d) Gandhiji
Answer:
(d) Gandhiji
Question 41.
What do you mean by the term ‘viable’?
(a) see clearly
(b) feasible
(C) foresight
(d) unforgettable
Answer:
(b) feasible
Question 42.
But the law of nature in love, friendship, work, progress, and security is creative
(a) incesantly
(b) interdependence
(c) treasure
(d) agog
Answer:
(b) interdependence
Unit – III
The text
Everywhere …………….. Mr. Gandhi.
Question 43.
Everywhere Gandhi made friends by his:
(a) charm, frankness, humanity, and accessibility
(b) spell, narrow and nican thinking, inhumanity, inaccessibility
(c) kind, honest, violent, rude, behavior
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) charm, frankness, humanity, and accessibility
Question 44.
Name the place where Gandhi went where his agitation for khadi and against foreign cloth had caused painful unemployment. His going there was also known as entering the lion’s den.
(a) Srilanka
(b) London
(c) Lancashire
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(c) Lancashire
Question 45.
“I am one of the unemployed, but if I was in India, I would say the same thing that Mr. Gandhi is saying.” Who do you think had expressed it?
(a) a woman
(b) a man
(c) both (a) and
(b) (d)a child
Answer:
(b) a man
Question 46.
A delightful photograph was taken outside the:
(a) Eden Garden Stadium at Kolkata
(b) Greenfield Mill at Darwen
(c) Red Fort at Delhi
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) Greenfield Mill at Darwen
Question 47.
What do you mean by the term homespun?
(a) home-made cloth
(b) cloth for which the spinning is done at textile mills
(c) cloth for which the spinning is done at home
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) cloth for which the spinning is done at home
Question 48.
The term applaud means:
(a) show appreciation by clapping of hands
(b) mental discomfort
(c) openness
(d) apologize
Answer:
(a) show appreciation by clapping of hands
Question 49.
‘I found that my work lies outside the Conference. The seed which is being sown now may result in softening the British spirit and in preventing the brutalization of human beings.” Who do you think has expressed this expression and to whom?
(a) Gandhi to an African audience in First Round Table Conference
(b) Gandhi to a London audience in the Second Round Table Conference
(C) Gandhi to an Indian audience in a meeting
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) Gandhi to a London audience in the Second Round Table Conference
Question 50.
Identify the meaning of ‘brutalization’.
(a) the condition of being treated in a cruel and savage manner
(b) the condition of being well-treated and in a good manner
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) only (b)
Answer:
(a) the condition of being treated in a cruel and savage manner
Question 51.
Mahatma often got to bed at :
(a) 2 AM; awoke at 4:45 AM
(b) 2 AM; awoke at 2:45 AM
(C) 2 AM; awoke at 5:00 AM
(d) 2 AM; awoke at 3:45 AM
Answer:
(d) 2 AM; awoke at 3:45 AM
Question 52.
Gandhi slept only for a day.
(a) 16 hours and IS minutes
(b) 1 hour and 40 minutes
(c) 4 hours and 45 minutes
(d) 2 hours and 45 minutes
Answer:
(d) 2 hours and 45 minutes
Question 53.
Small wonder that Gandhi occasionally slept at :
(a) meetings
(b) examination hail
(c) sessions of the conference
(d) work
Answer:
(c) sessions of the conference
Question 54.
The British government had assigned _____ to guard Gandhi in England.
(a) two Scotland Yard detectives
(b) three Ireland Yard policeman
(c) two England army men
(d) 4 sepoys
Answer:
(a) two Scotland Yard detectives
Question 55.
Before leaving England Gandhi requested that they be allowed to accompany him to __________ hence tie would sail for India.
(a) Siberia, Russia
(b) Brindisi, Italy
(c) Venice, Austria
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) Brindisi, Italy
Question 56.
What do you mean by the term “at arm’s Length”?
(a) length of ami
(b) at a safe distance
(c) long distance
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) at a safe distance
Question 57.
Dignitaries mean:
(a) important personalities
(b) name and fame
(c) dignity
(d) density
Answer:
(a) important personalities
Question 58.
An irresistible force. India’s yearning to be fice met an immovable object. Britain’s wish to stay in India. In this expression, the term ‘yearning’ means:
(a) to earn
(b) saving
(c) glad
(d) eagerness
Answer:
(d) eagerness
Question 59.
Word ‘abandon’ means:
(a) give up
(b) recover
(C) give away
(d) give in
Answer:
(a) give up
Question 60.
Irresistible refers to :
(a) fixed or static
(b) restless
(c) incessantly
(d) hat cannot be resisted or stopped
Answer:
(d) hat cannot be resisted or stopped
The Author:
Louis Fischer is a many-splendoured genius. He is an eminent American writer, journalist, and commentator on international affairs. He is a greater admirer of Mahatma Gandhi and is the author of ‘The Life of Mahatma Gandhi’ he has closely studied the life and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi in this book. His book ‘This is Our World is dedicated to the Gandhians of all countries. Fischer writes with great personal affection for Gandhiji and a deep understanding of his life and ideals. He writes in a journalistic and racy style.
Introducing the Topic:
‘In London in Minus, Four’s is an extract from Fischer’s remarkable biography. ‘The Life of Mahatma Gandhi’. This extract deals with Gandhiji’s visit to London as India’s emissary to the Second Round Table Conference, in 1931. In this essay, Fischer highlights Gandhiji’s dress in London, and his free and humble manners. Besides, he brings Gandhiji’s strength of mind and firmness of pursuance to light.
Summary:
‘In London in Minus Fours’, an extract from Fischer’s biography ‘The Life of Mahatma Gandhi’, deals with Gandhiji’s visit to London as an emissary to the Second Round Table Conference, 1931. Accompanied by Devadas, Mahadev Desai, Miss Slade, Pyarelal Nayyar, Pandit Malaviya, and Mrs. Naidu, Gandhi set out for London on August 29, 1931. He was going to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London.
He was singularly enough for the occasion because his voice was the voice of the vast section of people who spoke in India’s interest. His stay at Kingsley Hall as a guest of Muriel Lester was memorable. In the course of his customary morning walks, he was going through the nearby slum areas. As a result, he came in contact with men and women. Soon a homely relationship flourished between them. He was an attraction to the journalists who were curious to know about his dress.
The whole of England was fixed on Gandhiji’s presence in Buckingham Palace with King George V and Queen Mary. Gandhiji’s simple dress confounded all. He was there with his usual loincloth, sandals, a shawl, and his dangling dollar watch. He was a light-hearted man, enjoying himself everywhere. Fischer writes about Gandhiji’s meeting with all ranges of people like Lord Irwin, wartime Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Field Marshal Smuts, and Bernard Shaw, the great dramatist.
He also went to pay his tributes to Colonel Maddock. But Churchill refused to meet him. He had addressed many public meetings and his stay at Oxford was remarkable. He explained the concept of the independence of India with authority and without a shred of bitterness. The independence of India meant the end of the Emperorship in India. He loved to see India as an equal partner with Britain, which might be based on equal terms. His concept of India’s independence was unique.
He did not desire India’s freedom for the sake of freedom only, but he wanted it on the basis of mutual help. He desires love, friendship, work, and progress for all the world. Gandhiji had a rare personality. His charm, frankness, and boundless humanity disarmed his enemies. He was fearless. With a heart full of courage, he entered Lancashire where his agitation for khadi and against foreign cloth was in full cry. His campaign caused massive unemployment, but still, he was lustily cheered by the multitude of men and women: His real work began outside the Round Table Conference.
It was amidst the masses where he had sown the seeds which would bring about change in the rigid British spirit in the future. His days in London were marked by hectic engagements from 3.45 a.m. to 2 p.m. The Round Table Conference was doomed to failure. The British stand and India’s yearning for freedom were poles apart. Britain blew hot and cold in the same breath. The country was determined to stay back in India.
But India’s eagerness to get rid of the British dominion was equally at its deepest. Gandhiji was a towering personality. The British Government provided two Scotland-yard detectives to guide Gandhi. Lover of humanity as he was, he loved them and never kept them at a distance like other dignitaries. From India, Gandhiji sent each a watch as a token of his deep love.
ସାରାଂଶ:
୧୯୩୧ ମସିହା ଅଗଷ୍ଟ ୨୯ ତାରିଖରେ ମହାତ୍ମାଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଲଣ୍ଡନ ଯାତ୍ରା କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ତାଙ୍କ ସାନପୁଅ ଦେବଦାସ, ତାଙ୍କର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ସେକ୍ରେଟାରୀ ମହାଦେବ ଦେଶାଇ, ମିସ୍ ବ୍ଲେଡ୍, ପ୍ୟାରେଲାଲ୍ ନାୟାର, ଜି.ଡି. ବିରଳା, ପଣ୍ଡିତ ମାଲବ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ସରୋଜିନୀ ନାଇଡୁ ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଲଣ୍ଡନରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ହେଉଥିବା ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଗୋଲ୍-ଟେବୁଲ ବୈଠକକୁ କଂଗ୍ରେସର ପ୍ରତିନିଧିରୂପେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଯାଇଥିଲେ ।
ଲଣ୍ଡନରେ ସେ ୧୨ ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବରରୁ ୫ ଡିସେମ୍ବର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ‘କିଙ୍ଗସ୍ ହଲ୍’ରେ ମ୍ୟୁରିଏଲ ଲେସ୍ଟାର୍ଙ୍କ ଅତିଥିରୂପେ ରହିଥିଲେ । ୧୯୨୬ ମସିହାରେ ଭାରତରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା। ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରାତଃ ଭ୍ରମଣ କାଳରେ ନିକଟସ୍ଥ ସହରତଳି ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ବସ୍ତିଜାଗାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ଫଳରେ ସାଧାରଣ ନରନାରୀଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ସେ ଆସିପାରିଥିଲେ ।
ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନଙ୍କ ନିମନ୍ତେ ସେ ଏକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୋଷାକ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ବିଶେଷ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ବକିଙ୍ଗହାମ୍ ରାଜପ୍ରାସାଦକୁ ରାଜା ଓ ରାଣୀଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଚା’ ପାନ ପାଇଁ ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ହେଲେ ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ କ’ଣ ପରିଧାନ କରି ଯିବେ ତାହା ଜାଣିବାପାଇଁ ସମଗ୍ର ଲଣ୍ଡନ ଅଧୀର ହୋଇଉଠିଥିଲା । ସେ କିନ୍ତୁ ତାଙ୍କର ସେହି ସାଧାରଣ ପୋଷାକ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଧୋତି, ଶାଲ ଓ ପାଦରେ ଚପଲ ମାଡ଼ି ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଘଣ୍ଟାଟିଏ ମଧ୍ଯ ସବୁଦିନ ପରି ତାଙ୍କ ଅଣ୍ଟାରେ ଝୁଲୁଥିଲା । ସେ ସବୁଠାରେ ନିଜର ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ଆନନ୍ଦ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିଲେ । ସେ ଲର୍ଡ ଇର୍ଉଇନ୍, ଡେଭିଡ୍ ଲଏଡ୍ ଜର୍ଜ, ସ୍କ, ବର୍ଣାଡ଼ ଶ’ ଏବଂ ଆହୁରି ଅନେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରିଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଚଢିଲ୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରିବାକୁ ମନା କରିଦେଇଥିଲେ ।
ସେ ଅନେକ ସାଧାରଣ ସଭାରେ ଭାଷଣ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅକ୍ସ୍ପୋର୍ଡରେ ତାଙ୍କର ରହଣିକାଳ ବେଶ୍ ସ୍ମରଣଯୋଗ୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ନିଜ ଭାଷଣରେ ଏବଂ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ସହିତ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତାରେ ଭାରତର ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମନୋଭାବ ଏବଂ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିକୋଣ ବିଷୟରେ ସେ ବୁଝାଇବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ । ସେ ଭାରତର ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତାର ଅର୍ଥ ଇଂରେଜମାନଙ୍କର ସମ୍ରାଟତ୍ଵର ପରିସମାପ୍ତି ବୋଲି କହିଥିଲେ । ବ୍ରିଟେନ୍ ସହିତ ସମଅଂଶୀଦାର ରୂପେ ସେ ଭାରତକୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଥିଲେ । ସମତା ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ଏହି ଭାବଚେତନା ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ବୋଲି ସେ କହିଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ପାଇଁ ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ତାଙ୍କର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ନ ଥିଲା। ପାରସ୍ପରିକ ସହଯୋଗ ଓ ସମ୍ମାନବୋଧ, ପ୍ରେମ ଏବଂ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵର ଭିରି ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଭାବଚେତନା ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ଥିଲା । ଭାରତ ଉପରେ ଇଂରେଜମାନଙ୍କର ରାଜତ୍ଵ କରିବାର ମନୋଭାବର ପୂର୍ଣଚ୍ଛେଦ ସେ ଚାହିଁଥିଲେ ।
ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ଏକ ବିଚକ୍ଷଣ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିତ୍ଵ ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ସରଳ ଓ ନିଷ୍କପଟ ହୃଦୟ ମାନବଜାତିକୁ ଭଲ ପାଇବାରେ ଆଗ୍ରହ ତାଙ୍କର ଶତ୍ରୁମାନଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ତବ୍ଧ କରିଦେଇଥିଲା । ସେ ନିଭୀକ ଓ ସାହସୀ ଥିଲେ । ବିଦେଶୀ ବସ୍ତ୍ର ବର୍ଜନ ଏବଂ ଖଦି ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କ ଆହ୍ୱାନ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଲାଙ୍କାସାୟାରରେ ତାଙ୍କ ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଉତ୍ତେଜନା ଥିଲା । ତଥାପି ଲାଙ୍କାସାୟାରରେ ଅଗଣିତ ନରନାରୀ ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିପୁଳ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ସ୍ଵାଗତ କରିଥିଲେ । ଗୋଲ୍ଟେବୁଲ ବୈଠକ ବାହାରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରକୃତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ବ୍ରିଟିଶ୍ ଭାବଧାରାରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆଣିବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଜନସାଧାରଣଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ ହିଁ ନୂତନ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ସଞ୍ଚାର କରିବାପାଇଁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ । ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିଲେ ଯେ, ସେ ଯେଉଁ ବୀଜ ବପନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ତାହାର ପରିଣତିସ୍ୱରୂପ ବ୍ରିଟିଶ୍ ଜାତିର ମନରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆସିବ ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ମଣିଷଜାତିକୁ ପଶୁପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବେ ନାହିଁ । ମହାଦେବ ଦେଶାଇଙ୍କ ଡାଏରୀରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥିଲା ଯେ ଲଣ୍ଡନରେ ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ରାତି ୨ଟାରେ ଶୋଇବାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ୩ଟା ୪୫ ମିନିଟ୍ରେ ଶଯ୍ୟାତ୍ୟାଗ କରୁଥିଲେ ।
ତା’ପରେ ଚିଠିଲେଖା, ସମ୍ବାଦପତ୍ର ପାଠ, ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ଏବଂ ପୁଣି ୫ଟାରୁ ୬ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବିଶ୍ରାମ । ତା’ପରେ ପୁଣି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟବ୍ୟସ୍ତତା ଭିତରେ ୨ଟା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେ କର୍ମଚଞ୍ଚଳ ରହୁଥିଲେ । ଗୋଲଟେବୁଲ ବୈଠକ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଇଂରେଜମାନଙ୍କର ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ସହିତ ଭାରତର ମନୋଭାବ ଦୁଇଟି ସମାନ୍ତରାଳ ସରଳରେଖା ପରି ପ୍ରତୀତ ହେଲା । ଇଂରେଜମାନେ ଭାରତରେ ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ଵ ଚାହିଁଥିଲେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଭାରତ ଚାହିଁଥିଲା ଏହି ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ଵ ମନୋଭାବର ପରିସମାପ୍ତି । ଲଣ୍ଡନରେ ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀଙ୍କ ନିରାପତ୍ତା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ରିଟିଶ୍ ସରକାର ଦୁଇଜଣ ଗୋଇନ୍ଦାଙ୍କୁ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ କରିଥିଲେ । ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଦୂରରେ ରହୁ ନ ଥିଲେ କିମ୍ବା ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉପେକ୍ଷା କରି ନଥିଲେ । ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସମସ୍ୟା ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଏପରିକି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଘରକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଭାରତକୁ ଫେରି ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସ୍ନେହ ଓ ଶ୍ରଦ୍ଧାର ପ୍ରତୀକରୂପେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲେଖାଏଁ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଉପହାର ପଠାଇଥିଲେ ।
BSE Odisha 11th Class English:
