Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Grammar Clauses Exercise Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Grammar Clauses
Observe the following sentences:
1. She knows where you live. (Knows what?)
2. She knows the place you live (Which place?)
3. She will reach where you live (Shall reach where?)
The clauses, where you live in sentences No. 1 is object of the verb ‘knows’. Therefore, it is noun clause. The clause where you live in sentence No 2. qualifies the noun ‘place’. Therefore, it is an adjective clause. The clause where you live in sentence No. 3 modifies the verb ‘will reach’. Therefore, it is an adverb clause. It is important to note that the same clause (where you live) may be a noun clause, adjective clause and an Adverb clause in different sentences according to its function. Therefore, we cannot state the kind of a clause without finding its function.
Definition:
Those parts of a Sentence which have subjects and predicates are called clauses. There are as many clauses in a sentences as there are Finite Verbs.
Kinds Of Clauses:
Clauses can be classified as the following three types. Such as:
(a) Co-ordinate Clauses.
(b) Subordinate Clauses.
(c) Principal Clauses
A. Co-ordinate Clauses:
1. Observe the following sentences:
2. Rim set or you will lose the race.
3. He ran fast but (he) lost the race.
The above sentences are joined by co-ordinate conjunctions e.g., ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’. They are the examples of co-ordinate clauses. Some more co-ordinate conjunctions are, not only… but also, either… or, neither… nor, or else, otherwise, as well as, for, therefore, both…. and etc. They also join co-ordinate clauses.
Kinds of connections between two co-ordinate clauses.
(a) Copulative
Examples:
1. Gandhi was not only a good leader, he was also a reformer.
2. She cannot sing, nor can she dance.
3. She as well as her parents is stupid.
4. I took my lunch packet and boarder the bus.
In the above sentences, the italicised words (co-ordinate conjunctions) simply couple together two sentences.
(b) Alternative:
Examples:
1. Either you or your sister is naughty.
2. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
3. Obey your teachers or you will repent.
4. Walk fast, you will not catch the bus.
In the above sentences, the italicised words (Co-ordinate disjunctions) simply offer a choice between the clauses disjointed in meaning.
(c) Adversative:
Examples:
1. She is intelligent but slow-working.
2. She ran last, you she missed the train.
3. Iam week, however, I shall carry your box.
4. Everybody, cursed her, neverthless, she did not come round.
In the above sentences, the italicised words (co-ordinate conjunction) show contrast and are opposite in meaning.
(d) Illative:
Examples:
1. She was not regular in her classes, therefore she was expelled from the college.
2. Her father is poor, so he can not. .
3. He missed the bus, for he did not run fast.
In the above sentences, the italicized words (co-ordinate conjunctions) jo in two clauses wherein the second clause draws inferences from the first clause.
Also obwerve the following sentences:
1. He cursed his parents which (and this) was wrong.
2. She went to Agra, where (and there) she saw the Taj Mahal.
3. Then he called on the Principal, who (and he) promised him to help.
In the above sentences, the co-ordinate clauses begin conjunction (which / where / who) are used in a conjunctive sense. Therefore, they introduce co-ordinate clauses and form a compound sentences.
Analysis Of Compound Sentences
Definition
Analysis is the process of breaking up a sentence into its compound parts.
Process of Analysis of a compound sentence.
(i) Pick out all the finite verbs to ascertain the number of clauses.
(ii) Break up the sentence into clauses.
(iii) Write the clauses in full (by supplying the missing verb or subject)
Model Solutions
Example -1
He is strong but he is dull.
Analysis:
(i) He is strong Principal Clause.
(ii) He is dull (Co-ordinate Clause) Coordinate to (ii) Connective ‘but’
Example – 2
He was stupid, therefore, he was punished.
Analysis:
(i) He was stupid (Principal Clause)
(ii) He punished (Co-ordinate Clause) Coordiante to (i) Connective ‘therefore’
Example -3
I have bought a bicycle, which has proved a white elephant to me.
Analysis:
(i) I have bought a bicycle Principal Clauses
(ii) It has proved a white elephant to me (Co-ordiante Clause) Coordiante to (i) Connective ‘which’
Example – 4
You can fool some of the people all of the times and all of the people some of the times, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.
Analysis:
(i) You can fool some of the people all of the times Principle Clause.
(ii) You cannot fool all the people all the time (Co-ordinate Clause) Coordinate to (ii) and (iii) Connective ‘but’.
Exercises For Practice
I. Add suitable Co-ordinate Clauses in the sentences below:
1. She was proud, therefore ____________
2. She has no hope of recovery, nevertheless ____________
3. Ring up the Fire Brigade at once, otherwise ____________
4. She is both rich and ____________
5. He was hungry still (get) ____________
6. The patient’s condition was thinking, nevertheless ____________
7. It is very hot today, so ____________
8. I offered her money, but ____________
2. Combine the following pairs of sentences by using coordinate conjunctions.
1. She met Ram. He gave her this message.
2. I saw the scenery of the garden. It raised my spirits.
3. She cursed my relatives. It made my blood boil.
4. She went to Allahabad. She got a job there.
5. They studied till late at night. Then they went to bed.
6. She generous. Her sister is parsimonious.
7. She had no recommendation. She managed to get the job.
8. He deserved the prize. He worked.
3. Analyse the following sentences into clauses.
1. She ran very fast, so she started gasping.
2. He is ill and cannot study, yet the attends his classes.
3. She reached the platform, when (and then) the train was about to steam off.
4. I started for the city where (and there) I intended to rent a room.
5. Neither a lender, not a borrower can be good.
6. He is dishonest, so he is insolvent.
7. It rained but the programme was not cancelled.
8. He is weak, however, he will get through.
9. Talents differ, and all is well and wisely put.
10. I am ill, therefore, I cannot escort you.
B. Subordinate Clauses (Complex Sentences)
(I) The Noun Clause:
A noun claused may be:
(a) Subj ect to TVansitive Verb
Observe the following sentences:
1. That God exists everywhere is true.
2. Why the old lady cursed him is known to me,
3. When my father will return is uncertain.
4. How she has got this job is an open secret.
In the above sentences the italicised words are the Noun Clauses.
Definition
A Noun Clause always performs the functions of a noun and answers the questions “what”? The above sentences can be broken, (disjoined) into clauses as follows:
1. It is true. (Principal Clause).
God exists everywhere. (Subordinate / Noun Clause)
Conjunction That
2. It is known to me (Principal Clause)
the old lady cursed him. (Subordinate / Noun Clause)
Conjunction Why
3. It is uncertain (Principal Clause)
My father will return (Subordinate / Noun Clause)
Conjunction When
4. It is an open secret (Principal Clause)
She has got this job. (Subordinate / Noun Clause)
Conjunction How
To find the Noun Clause, we should ask questions like
1. What is true?
2. What is known to me?
3. What is uncertain?
4. What is an open crat?
The answer to the above questions will locate the subordinate ‘is’, ‘is’, known, ‘is’ and ‘is’ respectively.
(b) Object to a Transitive Verb
Observe the following sentences:
1. The bagger asked me ifl could help him.
2. Everybody known why you are late.
3. The teacher said that hard work is the key to success.
4. She asked me ifl would lend her a hundred rupees.
The italicised words in the above sentences are Noun Clauses Connectives (if / why / that) and they are object to the verbs asked, knows, said and asked respectively.
(c) Complement to an Incomplete verb
Observe the: following sentences:
1. It seems that she is very selfish.
2. My opinion is that we should quit this place.
3. He found that his cash was missing.
4. Everybody felt that the old man would not recover.
The clauses of the above sentences are Noun Clauses. Because they answer the question ‘what’? They are joined by the connectives (that). They serve as complement to the verbs (seems, is found and felt) preceding them.
(d) Object to a preposition
Observe the following sentences:
1. There is no truth, what she says.
2. Iam surprised at what step she has taken.
3. Don’t crave for what you cannot achieve.
4. You must stick to what you have promised.
The italicised words in the above sentences are Noun Clauses. They serve as objects to the prepositions (in / at / for / to) preceding them.
(e) Object to a participle
Observe the following sentences:
1. Hoping that I will see her, I visited her house.
2. Hearing that he was ill, I rang up to house.
3. Fearing that the wolf would like the sheep, the shepherd boy began to cry.
4. Seeing that the bear had gone away, the boy climbed down the tree.
The italicised words in the above sentences are Norm Clauses. They serve as objects to the participles (Hoping / Hearing / Fearing / Seeing) preceding them.
(f) Object to an infinite
Observe the following sentences:
1. I want to know what help you expect from me.
2. The girl was made to tell where she had stayed for the night.
3. He was shocked to learn that his father had met with a serious accident.
4. I want to ascertain whether you would accompany me.
The italicised words in the above sentences are Noun Clauses. They serve as objects to the infinite (to know / to tell / to learn / to ascertain) preceding them.
(g) In Apposition to a Noun or a Pronoun
Observe the following sentences:
1. The saying that pride health a fall is true.
2. Then came the news that Mahatma Gandhi was shot dead.
3. It is quite certain that she is not at home.
4. The idea that man is a humble tool in the hands of destiny seems to be true. The italicized words in the above sentences are Noun Clauses. They stand in Apposition to a Noun (saying /news /idea) or Pronoun (it) preceding them.
The following connective words begin the Noun clauses:
(a) The Conjunction ‘that as-
1. He thought that he was right.
2. Iam sure that she would write a letter to me.
Sometimes the conjunction ‘that ’ is omitted but its meaning is implied as:
1. She brought she was mistaken.
2. I am sure that you would stand first.
(b) The Interrogative or Relative Words as:
1. That is what he means.
2. Tell me why you disobeyed your teachers.
3. I know where you go every night.
4. How she manages for household is very astonishing.
(c) The Interrogative or Relative Pronouns as:
1. I can’t say whose house it is.
2. Can you guess who is wandering in the street ?
(d) The Conjunction: ‘If /weather’as:
1. I asked him if (whether) he had packed his luggage.
2. She asked me if (whether) I would teach her.
Exercise For Practice: (Solved)
Analysis of some model sentences:
Study the following model sentences analysed below:
1. Why he abused me is not clear.
2. The begger asked me if I could help him.
3. Hearing that he was ill, I went to see him.
4. You must stick to what you have said.
5. I want to know what she has done.
6. It seems that she is very lucky.
7. It is true that she has been kindnapped.
8. It is a well-known saying that uneasy lies the head that wears the crown.
Answer:
Analysis of the given sentences:
1. Why he abused me is not clear.
(a) (It) is not clear.
Kind – Main clause
Function-It is required to frame a sentence.
(b) Why he abused me.
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
2. The beggar asked me if I could help him.
(a) The beggar asked me
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
(b) If I could help him.
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – Object to the verb ‘asked’
3. Hearing that he was III, I went to see him.
(a) Hearing, I want to see him
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
(b) that he was ill.
Kind – Main clause
Function – Object to the participle – ‘Hearing’
4. You must stick to what you have said.
(a) You must stick to
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
(b) What you have said
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – Object to the preposition – ‘to’
5. I want to know what she has done.
(a) I want to know.
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
(b) What she has done.
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – Object to the infinite ‘to know’
6. It seems that she is very lucky.
(a) It seems
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence
(b) that she is very lucky
Kind – Noun clause .
Function – Complement to the verb – ‘seems’
7. It is true that she has been kindnapped.
(a) It is true
Kind – Main Clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence
(b) that she has been kidnapped
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – Apposition to the pronoun ‘it’.
8. It is a well-known saying that uneasy lies the head that wears the crown.
(a) It is a well known saying
Kind – Main clause
Function – It is necessary to frame a sentence.
(b) that necessary lies the head that wears the crown.
Kind – Noun Clause
Function – Apposition to the noun – ‘saying’
Exercise For Practice: (Unsolved)
1. Complete the following sentences inserting Noun Clauses:
1. ____________ is possible.
2. ____________ is a wonder.
3. He promised that ____________.
4. He cannot rely on ____________
5. She is ready to pay ____________
6. The fact is ____________
7 ____________ is quite clear.
8. Poor Suniti ate ____________
9. The ide ____________ seems to be true.
10. Hoping ____________ I appeared at the interview.
2. Locate the Noun Clauses in the following sentences:
1. Do you know who came to my house yesterday?
2. What she says is hundred percent true.
3. His belief was that his daughter would return.
4. Tell me where she is putting up.
5. She returned saying that she would take revenge on me.
6. Thinking that Hari is poor. I lent him to rupees.
7. Life is what we make it.
8. Her wish is that she may win a lottery.
9. No one knows who she is.
10. I want to know how fer Puri from Bhubaneswar.
3. Analyse the following sentences into clauses giving the function of each sub ordinate clause:
1. How long will she stay in Lucknow is not known.
2. Ask her if she can accompany you.
3. I don’t know why she committed suicide.
4. I agreed to what he said.
5. There is no sense in what she says.
6. She wants to know why you entered her private room.
7. It pained me to know that Hari’s daughter had eloped with an out-caste.
8. It is believed that truth always triumphs.
9. That you should cheat me hurts me.
10. It seems that Priya is very smart.
(II) Adjective Clause:
Definition:
The adjective clause performs the functions of an adjective to quality a noun or pronoun of the main clause.
Observe the following sentences:
1. This is the old man who stumbled against a stone.
2. The elephant is an animal which has tusks.
3. She is the girl whose husband divorced her.
4. This is the place where my friend lives.
Analysis of Adjective Clauses:
1. This is the old a stone.
Clause (a) This is the old man.
Kind – Main Clause.
Function-It is the main part of a sentence.
Clause (b) Who stumbled against a stone.
Kind – Adjective clause
Function – Qualifying – “Old man”.
2. The elephant tusks.
Clause (a) The elephant is an animal.
Kind – Main Clause
Function – The main part of the sentence
Clause (b) Which is tusks.
Kind – Adjective Clause
Function – Qualifying – “elephant”
3. She is divorced her.
Clause (a) She is the girl.
Kind – Main Clause
Function – Main part of a sentence.
Clause (b) whose husband divorced her.
Kind-Adjective Clause
Function – Qualifying – ‘girl’
4. This is ____________ lives.
Clause (a) This is the place.
Kind – Main Clause
Function – The main part of a sentence.
Clause (b) Where my friend lives.
Kind-Adjective clause
Function – Qualifying – “place”
The relative pronouns (‘who, which and whose’) join the adjective clauses to the Principal Clause in sentences No. 1,2 and 3 above. Relative Adverb (‘where’) also joins the adjective clause to the Principal Clause in sentence No. 4 above. Sometimes an Adjective Clause is introduced by ‘but’ which is equivalent to a Relative Pronoun followed by not’ ….as:
1. There was not a woman who shed tears at the bride’s departure.
Or,
There was not a woman who did not shed tears at the bride’s departure.
2. There are a few of us who love our motherland.
Or,
There are few of us who don’t love our motherland.
3. There is none in the neighborhood who was not prepared to help her.
Or,
There was none in the neighborhood who was not prepared to help her.
Exercise For Practice: (Unsolved)
I. Complete the following sentences inserting adjective clauses:
1. Sindhi is the only girl ____________
2. The greedy farmer killed the goose ____________
3. This is not such a book ____________
4. Do you know the time ____________
5. The dog ____________ has been shot dead.
6. The bullet ____________ has not yet been cast.
7. ____________ A fox gave the hounds a capital run.
8. The man ____________ is like an animal.
9. Such stories ____________ are very romantic.
10. He ____________ himself falls into it.
2. Locate the Adjective Clauses in the following sentences:
1. The man who is holding the flag is my brother.
2. All that glitters is not gold.
3. The place where the accident had taken place is near Bhubaneswar.
4. The reason why she failed is clear.
5. This is the same car as my father has purchased last year.
6. God helps those who help themselves.
7. This is the time when you should work hard.
8. This is the book that I had presented to my grand father.
9. They also serve who only stand and wait.
10. We all admire a man who helps others.
3. Analyse the following sentences into clauses giving the function of each subordinate clause:
1. This is the place where Indira Gandhi was associated.
2. Childhood is the eye when seeds of character are sown.
3. This is Mamata whose father is a officer in the Navy.
4. This is the bull which has eaten all the paddy.
5. This is the from (that) my elder sister gave (had given) me.
6. This is the school where I had my education.
7. Here comes the man you are looking for.
8. Those whom the Gods love die young.
9. Tomorrow is the day when we shall go on picnic.
10. Blessed is the whom the neighbour praise.
(III) The Adverb Clause
Definition:
The Adverb Clause performs the function of an adverb. It can modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
(a) Time-denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. All stood up when the President came.
2. What here till I do not come back.
3. She sang while I danced.
4. The doctor had reached there before the patient died.
5. As the hot air cools, the ballon come down.
The italicised words in the above sentences are Adverb Clauses. Their introducing words (‘when, ill, while, before, as’) are time denoting adverbs.
Some other time – denoting adverbs are: after, since, as soon as, whenever as long as, so long as etc.
(b) Place – denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences.
1. She studies where I study.
2. Live whenever you desire.
3. She returned whence (from where) she had marrie.
4. The soul has reached where from it might not return.
5. The ship sailed whither the wind took her.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the place where the action of the main clause take place. They are adverbal clauses and serve as adverbs of places.
(c) Manner – denoting Adverbial clauses:
Observe the following sentences.
1. Try to finish it as she has shown you.
2. He run as if he were frightened.
3. She behaved as though she were annoyed.
4. I did according as I was directed.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the manner in which the action of the main clause is done. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of manners.
(d) Reason or cause-denoting Adverbal Clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. As she has been laid up with fever, she cannot take our class.
2. She cannot solve this sum, because she is dull in mathematics.
3. Since you recommend him, I am approaching him.
4. I regret that I could not see you on the appointed day.
5. Now that the sun has set, we should return home.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the reason behind the action expressed in the main clause. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of reasons / cause.
(e) Condition – denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. We cannot get first division, unless we burn midnight oil.
2. I will lend you the required money provided that you promise me to return it in time.
3. I cannot led you in if you do not show me your identity card.
4. In case you do not return the library books in time, you will be fined.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the condition behind the action in / of the main clause is done. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of condition. It is important to note that the condition denoting adverb (which introduces the adverbial clause of condition) is sometimes omitted; as
1. Should she came to me, I shall bring her round.
Or,
(If she comes to me, I shall bring her round.)
2. Supposing he falls, he cannot execute his studies.
Or,
(Ifhe fails, he can’t execute his studies)
3. Had you worked hard, you would have got first division.
Or,
(If you had worked hard, you would have got first division).
(f) Extend – denoting Adverbial clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. So far as I know, she is a dullard.
2. I cannot say how far I am correct.
3. There was water and water as far as I could see.
4. Can you tell me how long you will accompany me?
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the extent of the action (fact) mentioned in the main clause. They are adverbal clauses and serve as adverbs of extent.
(g) Comparison-showing Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences.
1. She is pretty as she is wise.
2. I like him to less than you (do).
3. Lila is cleaver than Shila is.
4. The aeroplane flies fester than railway train can run.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the comparison of degrees of a quality in the main clause. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of comparison.
(h) Result of Effect – denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. Run fast so that you may not be late.
2. She ate to much that she fell asleep.
3. He ran so much that he got tired.
4. So bravely did they fight that the enemies retreated.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the result ofthe action expressed in the main clause. They are adverbal clauses and serve as adverbs of result / effect.
(I) Contrast or Concession-denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences: .
1. He is miserly though he is rich.
2. We must go although it is raining.
3. Whatever you may say, I don’t believe a word of it.
4. Even if she apologises, I shall not visit her house.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the action expressed in the main clause. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of contrast / concession.
(J)Purpose – denoting Adverbial Clauses:
Observe the following sentences:
1. She works hard, so that she may get a scholarship.
2. Keep awake – lest somebody should get down with your luggage.
3. You eat that you may live.
4. I went to the post office in order that I might post the letter.
The clauses printed in italics in the above sentences point to the purpose behind the action expressed in the main clause. They are adverbial clauses and serve as adverbs of purpose.
Important Point About Adverbial Clauses:
Some Grammarian treat, the Extent denoting Adverbial Clauses as per with the manner – denoting adverbial clauses and proportion – denoting adverbial clauses.
| Subordinate Conjunction | Introduce Adverbial Clause of |
| when | time |
| whenever | time |
| after | time |
| before | time |
| while | time |
| as long as | time |
| as soon as | time |
| tin | time |
| since | time |
| where | place |
| wherever | place |
| whence | place |
| whither | place |
| where from | place |
| that | purpose |
| in order that | purpose |
| lest | purpose |
| so that | purpose |
| for | cause / reason |
| because | cause / reason |
| since | cause / reason |
| as | cause / reason |
| that | cause / reason |
| incase | condition |
| if | condition |
| unless | condition |
| on the condition | condition |
| provided that | condition |
| so… that | result / effect |
| so | result / effect |
| such | result / effect |
| such that | result / effect |
| As as | comparison |
| So as | comparison |
| than | comparison |
| such as | comparison |
| no less than | comparison |
| even if | concession/contrast |
| however | concession/contrast |
| whatever | concession/contrast |
| though | concession/contrast |
| although | concession/contrast |
| as | manner |
| as if | manner |
| as though | manner |
| The the | extent |
Analysis Of Adverbial Clauses
Exercise For Practice (Solved)
Analyse the following sentences into clauses giving the kind and function of each subordinate (Adverbial) Clause:
1. Never talk while you are driving a car.
2. Keep the purse where you can collect it.
3. You may join an institute as you like.
4. She Med because she neglected her studies.
5. She can not finish the paper unless she increases her speed of writing.
6. I do not know how far your statement is true.
7. He is a short-sighted as he is short – statured.
8. He is so old that he cannot climb up the hill.
9. He is dishonest though he is rich.
10. We take exercise so that we may become strong.
Answer:
1. Never talk while you are driving a car.
Clause (a) Never talk
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentences.
Clause (b) While you are driving a car.
Kind – Adverb clause
Function-showing-‘time’
2. Keep the purse where you can collect it.
Clause (a) Keep the purse
Kind – Main clause.
Function – Main part of the sentence.
Clause (b) where you can collect it.
Kind – Adverb clause
Function-showing-‘place’
3. You may join an institute as you like.
Clause (a) You may join
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence.
Clause (b) an institute as you like
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘manner ’.
4. She failed because she neglected her studies.
Clause (a) She failed
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence.
Clause (b) because she neglected her studies.
Kind-Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘reason’.
5. She can not finish the paper unless she increases her speed of writing.
Clause (a) She can not finish the paper.
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence.
Clause (b) unless she increases her speed of writing.
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘condition’.
6. I do not know how far your statement is true.
Clause (a) I do not know.
Kind – Main clause
Function-Main part of the sentence.
Clause (b) how fer your statement is true
Kind-Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘extent’.
7. He is a short-sighted as he is short – statured.
Clause (a) He is short – sighted
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence
Clause (b) as he is short – statured
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘composition’.
8. He is so old that he cannot climb up the hill.
Clause (a) He is so old
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence
Clause (b) that he can’t climb up the hill.
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘result’.
9. He is dishonest though he is rich.
Clause (a) He is dishonest
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence
Clause (b) through he is rich
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘contras’.
10. We take exercise so that we may become strong.
Clause (a) We take exercise
Kind – Main clause
Function – Main part of the sentence
Clause (b) so that we may become strong.
Kind – Adverb clause
Function – showing – ‘purpose’.
Exercise For Practice (Unsolved)
1. Complete the following sentences inserting Adverb Clauses:
1 ____________ there is hope.
2. ____________ The thiefhid himself
3. I worked hard ____________
4 ____________ he took his umbrella with him.
5. ____________I should never have come.
6. She is as kind a woman ____________
7. Puspa was as kind ____________
8. She behaved ____________
2. Locate the Adverb Clauses in the following sentences:
1. Since she came here, she is unwell.
2. I shall stay wherever you stay.
3. Iam happy that Rupali has got the gold medal.
4. She cannot understand this feet because she is dull minded.
5. Walk carefully least you should fell down.
6. He is so poor that he cannot buy costly medicines.
7. She behaved in such a manner that we were irritated.
8. She talks as if she will betray you.
9. As far as I think she will betray you.
10. Iam hard up these days, all the same, I shall help you.
3. Analyse the following sentences into clauses giving the function of each sub¬ordinate clause:
1. The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
2. The maid-servant went whither I sent her.
3. She works hard so that she may stand first.
4. Bhagat Singh died that the nation might live.
5. Work hard in order that you may win a scholarship.
6. He is so old that he cannot run fast.
7. You are not as tall as your younger sister.
8. She did according as she was ordered.
9. So far as I know Nirupama is an enchantress.
10. I waited for her till the sun set.