Odisha State Board BSE Odisha Class 9 English Grammar Book Solutions Chapter 2 Verbs Textbook Exercise Activity Questions and Answers.
BSE Odisha Class 9 English Grammar Solutions Chapter 2 Verbs
Read the paragraph of the lesson “The Priceless Gift”. (ପଢ଼ାବହିର “The Priceless Gift” ର ପ୍ରଥମ paragraphକୁ ପଢ଼ ।)
I went(ଯାଇଥୁଲି) to a vegetarian restaurant (ନିରାମିଷ ହୋଟେଲ୍). It was (ଥ୍ଲା) lunchtime. The restaurant (ଭୋଜନାଳୟ) was (ଥ୍ଲା) very crowded (ଗହଳି). I saw that some of the chairs and tables had been pushed (ଠେଲିକରି ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲା) into a corner. I chose (ବାଛିଲି) the corner table, seated (ବସିପଡ଼ିଲି) myself and started skimming (ଆଖୁ ବୁଲେଇନେଲି) through the newspaper.
Here the underlined words are the verbs since they say about what someone does or what happens. (ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ କାରଣ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜଣେ କରୁଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ଘଟୁଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ସୂଚନା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ।)
→ A verb is a doing word because it does some work or it tells or asserts something about a person or a thing.
→ In order to know a verb or verbs in a sentence, we ought to know the following. (ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ବା କ୍ରିୟାପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଜାଣିବାପାଇଁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ ଜିନିଷ ଜାଣିବା ଉଚିତ ।)
A verb may tell us :
(i) What a person or thing does (ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବା ବସ୍ତୁ ଯାହା କରେ):
The boy plays (ଖେଳେ).
The child is crying (ଖେଳେ).
(ii) What is done to a person or thing (ଜଣେ ବକ୍ତି ବା ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ଯାହା କରାଯାଏ).
Tea is drunk (ପିଆଯାଏ).
Ripe bananas are eaten (ଖୁଆଯାଏ).
(iii) What a person or things is:
The boy is good.
The cow is gentle.
The Indians are peace-loving (ଶାନ୍ତିପ୍ରିୟ ).
A verb appears in a sentence either as a word or a group of words. (ଗୋଟିଏ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ଶବ୍ଦ ରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇପାରେ ।)
Examples:
(i) The tree was strong and tall. (ଥ୍ଲା)
(ii) It has been cut down. (କଟାଯାଇଛି / କାଟି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି)
(iii) Ravan was killed by Ramachandra. (ନିହତ ହୋଇଥିଲା)
Verb Phrase (କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ବାକ୍ୟାଶ) :
The term (ଶବ୍ଦ) ‘Verb Phrase’ refers to a single-word verb as well as groups of verb forms (auxiliary + main verbs) functioning as single-word verb(s).
(Verb Phrase ଶବ୍ଦଟି ଏକକ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଏବଂ କ୍ରିୟାପଦମାନଙ୍କର ସମଷ୍ଟି (ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ + ମୁଖ୍ୟକ୍ରିୟା) କୁ ବୁଝାଏ ଯାହା ଏକ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଭଳି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଥାଏ ।)
Examples:
is going, are working, has been washed, will be built, had been waiting, may have visited, ate, feeds etc.
Forms of Verbs (କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ରୂପ) :
We have five forms of verbs. (କ୍ରିୟାପଦମାନଙ୍କର ୫ଟି ରୂପ ଅଛି।)
(i) ‘Base’ form (ମୂଳରୂପ): go, help, fly, run etc.
(ii) -s form (forming present simple tense in the third person singular number) (ତୃତୀୟ ପୁରୁଷ ଏକବଚନ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ present simple tense ତିଆରି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ): goes, helps, flies, runs………..
(iii) -d/-ed/-t/ and other forms to make past simple tense (Past simple tense ତିଆରି କରିବାରେ -d/-ed/-t/ ଆଦି ଯୋଗକରି): went, helped, flew, ran…
(iv) -ing form ଯୋଗକରି) : going, helping, flying, running……..
(v) -ed/- en form (Past participle) (Past Participle 6 – ed/- en ଆଦି ଯୋଗକରି): gone, helped, flown, run……
The word “Auxiliary’ means ‘helping”. Thus, Auxiliary verbs are the verbs which help other verbs to form some of their tenses, voices, moods, negative and interrogative forms etc. ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ ସାହଯ୍ୟ କରିବା । ତେଣୁ Auxiliary verbs ସେହି କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଯାହା tense (ବା କାଳ), voice (ବାଚ୍ୟ), moods (ଭାବ), ନାସ୍ତି ଓ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ତିଆରି କରିବାରେ ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ (ଏଠାରେ Main verb ବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ)କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିଥାଏ ।]
Main Verbs (ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା) :
The verbs that are helped by auxiliary verbs to form tense, voice, mood, etc. are called Main Verbs. (ଯେଉଁ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ କାଳ, ବାଚ୍ୟ, ଭାବ ଆଦି ତିଆରିରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଦ୍ବାରା ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟକ୍ରିୟା କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
Examples:
(i) The cow has been milked by mother. (ଦୁହାଁଯାଇଛି)
(has, been-auxiliary verbs, milked – Main verb)
(ii) How long will it take you to finish this work?
(will – auxiliary, take – main verb)
(iii) The letters are being typed.
(are – auxiliary, being – auxiliary, typed – main verb)
(iv) Having taken his meal, Harish went to school.
(Having – auxiliary, taken – main verb, went – main verb)
(v) Where should we find him?
(should – auxiliary, find – main verb)
Let’s know some important points of difference between the Main verbs and the Auxiliary verbs. (Main Verb ଓ Auxiliary Verb ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଜାଣିବା)
| Main verbs | Auxiliary verbs |
| (i) Main verbs have dictionary meanings. (ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦମାନଙ୍କର ଆଭିଧାନିକ ଅର୍ଥ ଅଛି।) |
(i) Auxiliary verbs have no dictionary meanings. ( ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଆଭିଧାନିକ ଅର୍ଥ ନାହିଁ।) |
| (ii) Main verbs can’t function as operator. (ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାକ୍ୟର ମୂଳରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଆମ୍ଭେ statement ବା ଉକ୍ତିକୁ ‘Yes – No’ questionରେ ପରି ଣତ କରିପାରିବା ନାହିଁ ।) |
(ii) Auxiliary verbs can function as operators. ( ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାପଦକୁ operator ରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ, କାରଣ ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାକ୍ୟର ପ୍ରଥମରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ‘Yes-No? question ତିଆରି କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ।) |
| (iii) A negative sentence can’t be formed by putting ‘not’ after the Main Verb. (ପ୍ରଧାନ କ୍ରିୟା ବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ପରେ not ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ବାକ୍ୟକୁ ନାସ୍ତିବାଚକ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ।) |
(ii) A sentence can be made negative by placing ‘not’ after the auxiliaries. (ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟା ପରେ not ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନାସ୍ତିବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ।) |
Examples:
Jyoti played cricket cleverly, (statement / ଉକ୍ତି)
| Yes – No questions (Incorrect) |
Yes – No question (Correct) |
| Played Jyoti cricket cleverly? Negative sentence (Incorrect) |
Did Jyoti play cricket cleverly? Negative sentence (correct) |
| Jyoti played not cricket cleverly. | Jyoti didn’t play cricket cleverly |
Here we should mark the auxiliary verb ‘did’ in the formation of Yes- No questions and Negative sentence. (ଏଠାରେ ଉଭୟ ‘Yes – No’ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଓ ନାସ୍ତିବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ତିଆରିରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟା ‘did’ ର ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ପ୍ରତି ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଦିଅ ।)
Let’s see the use of Primary auxiliaries and Modal auxiliaries with Main Verbs in different sentences. (ବିଭିନ୍ନ ବାକ୍ୟରେ Primary ଓ Modal ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକର (ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ) ବ୍ୟବହାର ଦେଖିବା)
(i) Have you watered the plants?
(ii) Homework was being done by the pupils.
(iii) The poem had been beautifully explained by the poet.
(iv) Do your duty sincerely?
(v) Flowers are a wonderful creation of God.
(vi) May the match be cancelled due to heavy rain?
(vii) The thief will be punished by the police.
(viii) Be polite to everybody.
(ix) The rain could have spoiled the crops.
(x) Is there God?
(xi) Father doesn’t do anything illegal (ବେଆଇନ).
(xii) What does this word mean?
(xiii) The Chinese are hard-working. (ପରିଶ୍ରମୀ)
(xiv) Shreya was to be married last month, but she had a cold fever.
(xv) You aren’t to spit (ଛେପ ପକାଇବା) here. (You mustn’t spit here)
Answers:
| Modal Auxiliaries | PrimaryAuxiliaries | Main Verb |
| (i) | Have | watered |
| (ii) | was, being | done |
| (iii) | had, been | explained |
| (iv) | do | |
| (v) | are | |
| (vi) May | be | cancelled |
| (vii) will | be | punished |
| (vili) | Be | |
| (ix) could | have | spoiled |
| (x) | Is | |
| (xi) | does | do |
| (xii) | does | mean |
| (xiii) | are | |
| (xiv) | was, to be | married, had |
| (xv) | are | (to) spit |
Note: When the auxiliary verbs particularly the primary auxiliaries are used as the single-unit verbs, they are always the main verbs. (ଯେତେବେଳେ primary auxiliaries ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସର୍ବଦା main verb ବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ଅଟେ ।)
| Sentence | Primary Aux. | Main Verb |
| (i) Rohit has a pen. | has | |
| (ii) Rohit has bought a pen. | has | bought |
| (iii) Why didn’t you do this work? | did | do |
| (iv) Do your work honestly. | do | |
| (v) The people were considerate ( ବିଚାରବନ୍ତ ). | were | |
| (vi) Were they looking for the hidden treasure (ଗୁପ୍ତଧନ)? | were | looking for |
| (vii) Am I your servant? | Am | |
| (viii) Am I doing your service? | Am | doing |
Main Verb in English is otherwise known as Full Verb or Ordinary Verb or Principal Verb or Lexical Verb. (ଇଂରାଜୀରେ Main Verb (ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ବା ପ୍ରଧାନ କ୍ରିୟା) କିମ୍ବା Ordinary Verb ବା Full Verb ବା Principal Verb ବା Lexical Verb କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
Textual Activities With Answers
Activity-1
Write ten sentences by taking one expression from each column of the following table.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟାଶ ନେଇ ଦଶଟି ବାକ୍ୟ ଲେଖ ।)
| A | B | C |
| I / We / You / He / She / It / They | am/ is | a student/students. |
| My sister / My sister and I | are | my school bag. |
Answers:
| (i) | I am a student. | (ii) | We are students. |
| (iii) | You are a student. | (iv) | You are students. |
| (v) | She is a student. | (vi) | It is a student. |
| (vii) | They are students. | (viii) | My sister is a student |
| (ix) | My sister and I are students. | (x) | It is my school bag |
Activity – 2
Identify the auxiliary verbs and main verbs in the following dialogue. Circle the auxiliary verbs and underline the main verbs and underline the main verbs. (ଲିଖତ କଥୋପକଥନରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟା ଓ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କର । ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବୃତ୍ତ ଭିତରେ ଓ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କର ।)
Maggie came to say goodbye. She was dressed in black
Meena: ‘Are you leaving today ?’
Maggie: Yes, today is the day of my departure.’
Meena: ‘How long will it take to reach your country? Which part of the country you live in?
Maggie: I do not know exactly where I [am] posted until I arrive there
Answers:
Maggie came to say goodbye. She [way] dressed in black
Meena: ‘Are you leaving today ?’
Maggie: Yes, today is the day of my departure.’
Meena: ‘How long will it take to reach your country? Which part of the country (do) you live in?
Maggie: I do not know exactly where I (am) posted until I arrive there
Activity- 3
Now, let’s play a game. Look at the following sentences.
(ଚାଲ ଗୋଟିଏ ଖେଳ ଖେଳିବା । ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖ ।)
(A) He may write the essay.
(B) He has written the essay.
(C) He is writing the essay.
(D) The essay is written.
Underline the main verbs (mv) and circle the auxiliary verbs (aux.). What do you find?
(A) He(may) write the essay. (ଲେଖିପାରେ)
(B) He (Has) written the essay. (ଲେଖୁଛି)
(C) He(ls) writing the essay. (ଲେଖୁଛି)
(D) The essay(is) written. (ଲେଖାଯାଏ)
In the sentence (A) aux + mv.
In the sentence (B) aux + mv – en.
In the sentence (C) aux + mv – ing
In the sentence (D) aux + mv – en.
Now write sentences for the following combinations. (Questions with Answers)
AB = He may have written the essay.
AC = He ___________ ________ _________ the essay.
BC = He ___________ ________ _________ the essay.
AD = The essay _________ __________ ___________.
BD = The essay _________ __________ ___________.
CD = The essay _________ __________ ___________.
Answers:
AB = He may have written the essay. (ଲେଖୁଥାଇପାରେ)
AC = He may be writing the essay. (ଲେଖୁଥାଇପାରେ)
BC = He may have been writing the essay. (ଲେଖୁଥାଇପାରେ)
AD = The essay may be written. (ଲେଖା ହୋଇପାରେ)
BD = The essay may have been written. (ଲେଖା ହୋଇଥାଇପାରେ)
CD = The essay has been written. (ଲେଖାଯାଇଛି)
Now make the following combinations.
ABC = He __________ _________ __________ ___________ the essay.
ABD = The essay __________ __________ __________ ____________.
Answers:
ABC = He may have been written the essay.
ABD = The essay may have been written.
Activity – 4
Anil, Bina and Chinu are three friends, but their lives are very different Look at the chart and answer the questions using the correct auxiliary verb. (ଅନୀଲ, ବୀଣା ଓ ଚିନୁ ତିନି ବନ୍ଧୁ ଅଟନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଅତି ଭିନ୍ନ / Chart କୁ ଦେଖ ଓ ଠିକ୍ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟାକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
| Anil | Bina | Chinu | |
| Run fast | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Long hair | – | ✓ | – |
| Musical instrument | – | ✓ | ✓ |
| Swim | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Bom in a city | ✓ | ✓ | – |
| Ride a bike | ✓ | – | – |
| Many friends | – | ✓ | ✓ |
Answer:
| Who’s got long hair? | Bina has long hair but Anil and Chinu don’t (have). |
| Who plays a musical instrument? | Bina and Chinu play but Anil doesn’t. |
| Who swims in the pond? | Anil and Chinu swim but Bina doesn’t. |
| Who was born in a city? | Anil and Bina were born in a city but Chinu wasn’t. |
| Who rides a bike? | Anil rides a bike but Bina and Chinu don’t. |
| Who has many friends? | Bina and Chinu have many friends but Anil hasn’t |
Activity – 5
Choose the correct alternatives given in brackets to fill in the blanks to complete the conversation. One has been done for you.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ କଥୋପକଥନକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସଠିକ୍ ବିକଳ୍ପ ବାଛି ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)
Sunil: I haven’t seen Vivek all day. (have/haven’t / hasn’t)
Leena: I ____________ either. I don’t know where he is. (have/haven’t / don’t)
Sunil: Who left this note?
Leena: Vivek __________ (must have / may have). It’s his handwriting.
Sunil: But he ________ say where he’s gone, (hasn’t / don’t / doesn’t)
Leena: He would have if he’d wanted us to know where he _____________. (does go/has gone/was gone)
Sunil: Do you think he _____________ to his grandpa’s house? (was gone/ was going /has gone)
Leena: He might have. Who knows?
Sunil: ______________ you think he’ll telephone? (Are /Have /Do)
Leena: He might. I’m not sure.
Sunil: ______________ he taken his bicycle? (Does / Has / Is)
Leena: He must have because it is not there.
Sunil: He ______________ acting very strangely this morning, (is /does /was)
Leena: I know he _____________. We should have asked him why. (was/had / did)
Sunil: I would have but I _____________ have time, (don’t / am not / didn’t)
Leena: Can’t we phone his grandpa?
Sunil: We could. But we _____________ got his number, (don’t / aren’t / haven’t)
Answers:
Sunil: I haven’t seen Vivek all day.
Leena: I haven’t either. I don’t know where he is.
Sunil: Who left this note?
Leena : Vivek must have (left) (ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଇଥାଇପାରେ). It’s his handwriting.
Sunil: But he doesn’t say where he’s gone.
Leena: He would have if he’d wanted us to know where he has gone.
Sunil: Do you think he has gone to his grandpa’s house?
Leena: He might have. Who knows?
Sunil: Do you think he’ll telephone?
Leena: He might. I’m not sure.
Sunil: Has he taken his bicycle?
Leena: He must have because it is not there.
Sunil: He was acting very strangely this morning.
Leena: I know he was. We should have asked him why.
Sunil: I would have but I didn’t have (ସମୟ ନଥିଲା) time.
Leena: Can’t we phone his grandpa?
Sunil: We could. But we haven’t (ପାଖରେ ନାହିଁ) got his number.
Remember: The verb of a sentence is used according to the number and person of the subject.
(ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟର କ୍ରିୟାପଦ କର୍ତ୍ତାର ପୁରୁଷ ଓ ବଚନ ଅନୁସାରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।)
Mark the subject and verb agreement in the following table
| I We / You / They / The students He / She / Mina / The teacher The teacher and the students |
am are is are |
in the classroom |
| The cow Cows |
eats eat |
grass |
| Subject | Person / Number | Verb |
| I | 1st/ singular | am ଅଟେ/ was(ଥ୍ଲୁ) |
| I | 1st/singular | eat (ଖାଏ) |
| We | 1st/plural | are ((ଅଟୁ) /were (ଥ୍ଲୁ) |
| We | 1st /plural | eat (ଖାଉ) |
| Father | 2nd/ singular | are (ଅଟ) / were (ଥ୍ଲ) / eat (ଖାଅ) |
| You (ତୁମ୍ଭେମାନେ) | 2nd/plural | are (ଅଟ) / were (ଥ୍) / eat (ଖାଅI) |
| He / She / Gopal / The dog | 3rd / singular | is (ଅଟ) / was (ଥ୍) / eats (ଖାଏ) |
| They/The people/ The dogs | 3rd/plural | are (ଅଟନ୍ତି) / were (ଥିଲେ) |
| They/The people/ The dogs | 3rd /plural | eat (ଖାଆନ୍ତି) |
Verbs Additional Questions With Answers
Identify the auxiliary verbs in the following sentences.
1. I can draw a picture.
Answer:
can
2. They have been playing here for a long time.
Answer:
have been
3. Nobody has arrived yet.
Answer:
has
4. She is doing her homework.
Answer:
is
5. You should obey your parents.
Answer:
should
6. He may write the essay.
Answer:
may
7. What did he do on Sunday?
Answer:
did
8. They were reading in this school.
Answer:
were
9. Reshma will do it.
Answer:
will
10. Satish had been reading there.
Answer:
had been
Identify the main verbs in the following sentences.
1. He is a man of principle.
Answer:
is
2. How does he do his homework?
Answer:
do
3. Ashok Babu has established a new school.
Answer:
established
4. I can drive a car.
Answer:
drive
5. I have not seen him all day.
Answer:
seen
6. Do me a favour.
Answer:
do
7. How wonderful it looks!
Answer:
looks
8. Have you finished your work?
Answer:
finished
9. She waters the plants every day.
Answer:
waters
10. Are you leaving today?
Answer:
leaving
Choose the correct alternatives.
1. She ____________ come here, (haven’t / hasn’t)
Answer:
hasn’t
2. She could _______________ laughing at us. (has been/have been)
Answer:
have been
3. Puja ____________ know how to write, (don’t / doesn/t)
Answer:
doesn’t
4. you think he will come? (Do / Are)
Answer:
Do
5. I would have done it, but I __________ have time, (don’t / didn’t)
Answer:
didn’t
6. She ___________ dancing beautifully last evening, (is/was)
Answer:
was
7. It __________ be a nice day. (shall / will)
Answer:
will
8. I wish I ____________ four hands, (had/have)
Answer:
had