Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Solutions Grammar Modals Exercise Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Grammar Modals
What is a verb?
Answer:
A Verb is a word that expresses an action or fact.
Example:
1) I do my work.
2) Kuni sings a song.
4) They play cricket.
3) I can help you.
5) He will read English.
In the above sentences, words like do, sing, can help, play and will read are called verbs as they are action words Verbs can be divided into the following classes.
1) Auxiliary verbs.
2) Ordinary Verbs.
3) Verbs of Incomplete Predication.
1) Auxiliary Verbs:
The verbs that help their principal or main verbs to form their tenses, moods on negative sentences are called Auxiliary Verbs. They are also called helping verbs.
Example:
1) He is reading English now.
2) I have passed the examination.
3) He Will do this.
4) I do not sing a song.
5) You should read mindfully.
6) They were playing cricket yesterday.
7) ye had completed his work.
8) You need not worry.
9) He can help you.
10) It may rain today.
In the above sentences, the words is, have, will, do, should, were, had, need, can, may etc. are called Auxiliary Verbs.
Types of Auxiliary Verbs:
Auxiliary verbs can be classified into two types
(A) Chief/primary Auxiliary Verbs and
(B) Modal Auxiliaries.
(A) Chief/Primary Auxiliary Verbs:
To be (is, am, are, was, were)
To do ( do, does, did)
To have (has, have, had)
They can be used as Main/finite verbs.
Example:
1) I do my work.
2) He does his work.
3) They did their sums.
4) Bhubaneswar is the capital of Odisha.
5) We are students.
6) I am twenty years old.
7) His father was tall.
8) I have a scooter.
9) He has no pen.
10) The child had a toy.
11) They were at home.
(B) Modal Auxiliaries- Definition:
The helping verbs which show the mode or attitude of the main verb are called Modals.Will, shall, can, could, may, might, w&bld, should, must, dare, need, used to, aught to are called Modal Auxiliaries. Modal Auxiliaries are never used alone. They are always used with the chief (Main/ Principal) Verbs. Modal Auxiliaries can be used invariably as Helping Verbs.
Examples:
1) We should do our duty.
2) You can speak English.
3) He might not come.
4) You must try your luck.
5) She used to take exercise daily.
6) We ought to obey our parents.
7) You need not worry.
8) Dare he go against you?
Specific Qualities of Modals:
1. Modals show, willingness, advice, promise, determination, threat, supposition, inference, duty, obligation, request, possibility, permission, suggestion, instruction, power, capability, ability etc.
2. Modals are never used alone. They are always used with such words as are applied (clear) or implied (understood).
3. Modals are not governed by the number, gender and person of the subject. In other words, no change takes place or is affected in their basic or genuine form. They always remain unchanged or alike.
4. Only the first/crude form of verb is used with the Modals. The infinitive without ‘to’ is used with them. The infinitive ‘to’ is used only with the Modals used (used to) and ought (ought to).
Use Of Modals:
1. CAN
1. ‘Can’ shows capability or strength.
Examples:
1. He can teach you.
2. I can run five kilometers.
3. My friend can do your work.
2. It shows nature.
Examples:
1. He can cheat you.
2. They can harass him.
3. It shows ability/skill.
Examples:
1. I can cross the river.
2. He can repair your machine.
4. It shows permission.
Examples:
1. You can go home now.
2. He can leave this place.
5. It shows probability.
Example:
1. Accident can. happen at any time bn NH-5!
6. It shows incompetency or improbability.
Example:
1. Anyone can’t do these sums.
7. It shows inefficiency/inability.
Example:
1. You cannot teach English.
The negation of can is can not or can’t, can not (can’t) shows incompetency, Improbability inefficiency or inability. In other words, it shows a lack/absence of capability, strength, nature, ability, skill, permission, probability etc.
N.B: Cannot is written as one word. To write can and not as separate words is wrong according to traditional grammarians.
2. COULD
1. Could shows/permission/freedom/determination.
Example:
1. My mother could do whatever she wanted to do.
2. I could help you whatever situation faced.
2. It shows capability/strength.
Examples:
1. He asked me if I could lend him some money.
2. I could complete the work in time.
3. It shows ability.
Examples:
1. She could sing well if she desired.
2. He could obtain first class if he tried.
4. It shows capacity and probability.
Examples:
1. If he saved enough money he could purchase a car.
2. If she laboured hard, she could pass the examination.
5. It shows polite request.
Examples:
1. Could you tell me the time.
2. Could you lend me hundred rupees?
6. It shows mild annoyance/request.
Example:
1. Couldn’t he wait for a few minutes more?
So, the negative of could is could not or couldn’t.
Actually, could is the past form of can. Therefore, could serve both the past time and present time situation.
1. I am sorry I could not ring you five minutes earlier.
Here, the time ‘five minutes earlier’ can be taken either as past or as present time.
2. Could I help you in lifting the load?
It means ‘should I lift you in lifting the load?’ It shows present time situation.
3. MAY
1. May shows desire/permission.
Examples:
1. You may use my pen.
2. He may complete my work.
2. It shows request/desire to seek permission.
Examples:
1. May I have your scooter?
2. May he teach English?
3. It shows probability.
Examples:
1. She may stand first in her class.
2. He may be selected for this job.
4. It shows likelihood/probability. Examples:
1. It may rain tonight.
2. The weather may be cloudy today.
5. It shows keen desire.
Examples:
1. May she have a son!
2. May he be a doctor!
6. It shows aim and objective. Examples:
1. I eat so that I may remain fit.
2. He does exercise so that he may have good health.
7. It shows desire/request.
Examples:
1. May she get a good partner!
2. May he have a good friend!
8. It shows lack of probability.
Examples:
1. He may not attend my birthday party.
2. They may not do the work.
However, the negative of May is May not or Mayn’t.
4. MIGHT
1. Might shows probability
Examples:
1. He thought that he might return home in time.
2. The doctor felt that he might cure the patient.
2. It shows excessive modesty/humility.
Examples:
1. Might I use your scooter?
2. Might they use his car?
3. It shows guess.
Examples:
1. She might have finished her breakfast.
2. They might have finished their work.
4. It shows purpose.
Examples:
1. He ran fast so that he might reach college m time.
2. He organised the meeting so that he might discuss the plan.
5. It shows doubtful probability in future.
Examples:
1. He has not promised, but he might lend me money.
2. He has not known it, but he might be ready to attend the picnic with us.
6. It shows permission.
Examples:
1. The referee said that we might play the 1 match.
2. Our Principal said that I might attend the examination.
Actually, Might is the past form of May. Therefore Might shows both the past time and present time-situations. May i use your phone? Here, desire is expressed and permission- is sought to use the phone. The negative of Might is Might not.
Exercise For Practice:
Fill in the following blanks with ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’, or ‘might’ whichever is appropriate.
1. ___________ God grant her long life.
2. She wore gaudy clothes so that she __________ looks charming.
3. The teacher asked me if I __________ prepare a chart.
4. __________ you carry this heavy trunk?
5 The patient tries to walk but he __________ not.
6. The news of her failure __________ be false.
7. She didn’t attend my birthday party but she __________ send a gift.
8. She ran fast so that she __________ catch the bus.
9. I know that I catch the thief.
10. I prayed that the patient I ____________ live long.
11. You __________ go in now and see the Secretary.
12. When I was young I ___________ run very fast.
13. Mr. Narendra __________ speak and write Hindi.
14. He __________ have left for Tamil Nadu.
15. She __________ come today.
Answer:
‘Can’, ‘could’, ‘may’ or ‘might’ are used in the blanks.
1. May God grant her long life.
2. She wore gaudy clothes so that she might look Charming.
3. The teacher asked me if I could prepare a charts.
4. Can you carry this heavy trunk?
5. The patient tried to walk but he could not.
6. The news of her failure may be false.
7. She didn’t attend my birthday party but she might send a gift.
8. She ran fast so that she might catch the bus.
9. I knew that I could catch the thief.
10. I prayed that the patient might live long.
11. You can go in now and see the Secretary.
12. When I was young I could run very fast.
13. Mr. Narendra can speak and write Hindi.
14. He might have left for Tamil Nadu.
15. She may come today.
5. SHALL
1. Shall is used in simple future.
Examples:
1. I shall take part in the tournament next week.
2. We shall serve our country.
2. It is used to know the desire of the hearer.
Examples:
1. Shall I visit your house?
2. Shall we prepare coffee for you?
3. It is used to show promise.
Examples:
1. She shall get a saree if she stands first.
2. He shall get a bicycle if he passes the examination.
4. It is used to show threat/warning.
Examples:
1. You shall be expelled from the college for your misconduct.
2. Bf shall be punished for his crime.
5. It is used to show order.
Examples:
1. i say you shall post this letter.
2. I tell he shall do this work.
6. It is used to show suggestion/proposal.
Examples:
1. Shall we have some rest now?
2. Shall you attend the interview?
7. It is used to show desire.
Examples:
1. We shall accept your present.
2. He shall receive your gift.
8. It is used to show intention or planning.
Examples:
1. I shall buy the blankets.
2. He shall purchase a car.
Shall is also used with first Person Pronouns i.e. I or we to show future (time) intention, programme or reference.
6. WILL
1. Will is used in simple future.
Examples:
1. We will go for a picnic next week.
2. I will help the poor lady with money.
2. It is used to show humble request.
Examples:
1. Will you take your seat, please?
2. Will you give me your pen, please?
3. It is used to show routine.
Examples:
1. He will often bum midnight oil.
2. He will attend the college in time.
4. It is used to show forewarning.
Examples :
1. If you insult your parents,.you will be ruined.
2. If you misbehave our Principal, you will be expelled from the college.
5. It is used to show firm determination.
Examples:
1. He will not yield before any pressure.
2. I will complete the work at any cost.
6. It is used to show the speaker’s keen desire.
Examples:
1. After reaching Madurai, we will see the
2. Meenakshi temple.
7. It is used to show promise.
Examples:
1. I will -repay your loan next month.
2. I will deposit your money next Monday.
8. It is used to show proposal/ardent, desire. Examples:
1. We will help Karan as far as possible.
2. I will help you at any cost.
9. It is used to show order/, instruction/warning.
Examples:
1. You will be honest in future.
2. You will be penalised if you don’t attend the meeting.
10. It is used to show capacity.
Examples:
1. This bag will hold all the books.
2. This room will accommodate five students.
11. It is used to show quality
Examples:
1. The machine will do all types of calculations.
2. This typewriter will type Odtya well.
12. It is used to show threat.
Examples:
1. I will teach her a lesson.
2. I will punish you if you disobey my, words.
Will is also used, with first-person pronouns to show determination.
7. WOULD
1. Would is used in the past tense of will.
Examples:
1. She said that she would help me in my need.
2. He said that he would do my work next day.
2. It is used to show humble request/routine.
Examples:
1. Would you please post this letter for me?
2. My mother would go to the temple every morning.
3. It is used to know hearer’s intention.
Examples:
1. Would you like to stay with me tonight?
2. Would you like to share with me in supper?
4. It is used to show improbable situation.
Examples:
1. Would I was the Prime Minister of the country!
2. If I were you, I would help you.
5. It is used to denote desire.
Examples:
1. I would like to give you some trouble.
2. It would create problem for you for this mistake.
6. It is used to show preference.
Examples:
1. I would rather quit than submit to undue pressure.
2. We would rather leave this place in order to avoid fighting.
7. It is used to know intention.
Examples:
1. Would you mind giving me a lift in your car?
2. Would you mind to assist me in my work?
8. It is used to show failure of an activity.
Examples:
1. Our scooter wouldn’t start, so we reached the office by bus.
2. He wouldn’t help you, as he had no money.
8. SHOULD
1. Should is used in the past form of will/shall.
Examples:
1. She said that I should not bother her. He suggested that we should help them.
2. It is used to denote duty.
Examples:
1. The teacher should show good-result.
2. You should obey your parents.
3. It is used to denote obligation.
Examples:
1. You should keep your words.
2. He should stick to his promise.
4. It is used to denote advice.
Examples:
1. You should read mindfully.
2. She should serve her mother-in-law.
5. It is used to denote suggestion.
Examples:
1. You should engage a tutor for your son.
2. You should do exercises to keep your body fit.
6. It is used to denote imagination.
Examples:
1. Should you go to the post office bring me some post card.
2. Should he go to the market and buy things for me.
7. It is used to show desire.
Examples:
1. Should I speak to Mohan?
2. Should I meet your father?
8. It is used to denote opinion.
Examples:
1. You should see a doctor at once.
2. He should check his disease in a specialist.
9. It is used to show probability.
Examples:
1. Should she come here, we shall protect her.
2. Should he come to help me?
10. It is used to denote guess.
Examples:
1. Rakesh should be here by now.
2. He should reach there by this time. Should is also used as the past tense of will shall.
Exercise For Practice:
Fill in the following blanks with ‘will’, ‘shall’, ‘would’ or ‘should’ whichever is appropriate.
1. Sarala __________ be back from college by now.
2. From Mathura we __________ go to Kanpur.
3. __________ we go out and enjoy ourselves in the park?
4. Susma asked Priya what she __________ do under the circumstances.
5. They __________ get there by nine O’clock.
6. I asked him who __________ help me in the hour of need.
7. Nobody __________touch my pen without my permission.
8. I wish it __________stop raining.
9. The nurse told the patient that she go on long leave.
10. You said that you __________ stage a drama.
11. Here you __________ have mangoes for the picking.
12. I __________never tell a lie.
13. What __________ be the correct spelling?
14. __________ you come to tea this evening.
15. __________ you travel in a taxi or a bus?
16. She __________ pass, won’t she?
Answer:
The blanks are filled with ‘will’, ‘shall’, ‘would’ or ‘should’.
1. Sarala should be backed from college by now.
2. From Mathura we will go to Kanpur.
3. Shall we go out and enjoy ourselves in the park?
4. Susma asked Priya what she should do under the circumstances.
5. They will get there by nine O’clock.
6. I asked him who would help me in the hours of need.
7. Nobody shall touch my pen without my permission.
8. I wish it would stop raining.
9. The nurse told the patient that she would go on long leave.
10. You said that you would stage a drama.
11. Here you shall love mangoes for the picking.
12. I will never tail a lie.
13. What should be the correct spelling?
14. Will you come to tea this evening?
15. She will pass, won’t she?
9. MUST
1. Must is used to denote obligation.
Example:
1. You must return my book at once.
2. He must pay my money in time.
2. It is used to denote compulsion. Examples:
1. I must buy a wristwatch, because I get late every day.
2. He must purchase a bike so that he can reach office in time.
3. It is used to denote necessity.
Examples:
1. You must teach her a lesson.
2. He must show his son the right path.
4. It is used to denote necessity/ compulsion.
Examples:
1. Everyone must follow the traffic rules.
2. A student must obey the rules and regulations of the college.
5. It is used to denote sincere advice.
Examples:
1. The bride must serve her aged mother-in-law.
2. You must obey your parents.
6. It is used to denote guess.
Examples:
1. The old lady must be around seventy.
2. He must be above forty.
7. It is used to denote probability.
Examples:
1. My uncle must have reached home by now.
2. They must have completed the work before time.
8. It is used to denote logical necessity.
Examples:
1. There is a heavy downpour, must take your umbrella with you.
2. You are going to attend the examination, you must bring with you your admit card.
9. It is used to denote guess about past activity.
Examples:
1. She caught a thief, she must have been very brave.
2. He secured first class, he must be intelligent.
10. It is used to denote denial/restriction/ advice.
Examples:
1. You must not (mustn’t) go out in the dark.
2. She must not (mustn’t) betray her mother.
10. OUGHT
1. Ought is used to denote duty.
Examples:
1. The students ought to request their teacher.
2. We ought to obey our parents.
2. It is used to denote social bondage.
Examples:
1. We ought to serve our old parents.
2. The mother ought to take care of her children.
3. It is used to denote moral duty/ obligation.
Examples:
1. We ought to do our duty.
2. The citizen ought to obey the government Rules.
4. It is used to denote suggestion.
Examples:
1. You ought to join some tutorial group.
2. He ought to take admission in a popular institution.
5. It is used to denote guess.
Examples:
1. Rajesh ought to be here by now.
2. They ought to complete the work this evening.
6. It is used to denote strong probability.
Examples:
1. She has burnt midnight oil. She ought to score a high percentage of marks.
2. He is labouring day and night. He ought to secure 90% of marks in the examination.
7. It is used to denote neglectful conduct
Examples :
1. You ought to have obeyed your father.
2. He ought to carry out the direction of his uncle.
N:B: Ought to = should. Oughtn’t is the negative of ought. Oughtn’t we respect our elders?
11. NEED
Generally, need is used in
1. Present.
Examples:
1. I need money.
2. We need your help.
2. Past.
Examples:
1. He needed my help.
2. I needed to follow his advice.
3. Future.
Examples:
1. You will need these books.
2. He will need my help.
4. Negative.
Examples:
1. She does not need woolen clothes.
2. I do not need your money.
In the “above sentences, need has been used as Principal/Main verb. Here, need means to feel the necessity of. Need can be conjugated as- Need (present), needed (past), needed (past participle) and needing (present participle).
Use of Need as Modal:
1. Need is used to denote absence of necessity.
Examples:
1. You need not wait for him.
2. We need not wait for the second chance.
2. It is used to denote necessity.
Examples
1. What need you go to her house?
2. What need you purchase this book?
3. It is used ‘to denote absence of necessity/negation.
Examples:
1. We need not go to school on Sundays.
2. You need not do this.
4. It is used in interrogation.
Examples:
1. Need she serve you a cup of hot tea?
2. Need he give you some money?
N:B:
1. Needn’t is the negative of Need.
2. Need does not have a past form when used on Modal Auxiliary.
3. Need is invariably used in Present Tense. The infinitive without ‘to’ is used as its object.
4. Needn’t + Perfect infinitive (needn’t+Have+v) is used in expressing “the unnecessary activities which have been done by mistake; as- You needn’t have given her your shawl, because she has many shawls. This means ‘you made a mistake in giving her your shawl’.
12. DARE
Dare is generally, used as;
1. I dare say that Jone is a mean fellow.
2. The child dares to go in the dark.
3. She dared to risk her life.
In the above sentences, dare has been used as a Principal Verb. It means ‘Misadventure/negative courage/undesired courage’
Dare can be conjugated as Dare (Present), Dared (Past), Dared (Past Participle) and Daring (Present Participle). The infinitive ‘to’ is normally used with ‘Dare’.
Uses of Dare as Modal:
1. Dare is used to denote interro¬gative misadventure.
Examples:
1. Dare he say so?
2. Dare they speak against you?
3. Dare you step in her room?
2. It is also used to denote negative misadventure. Examples:
1. You daren’t meet me after school hours.
2. She daren’t help you against the police. Hence, you have marked that dare is used to show challenge or misadventure. It is used in negative as well as interrogative sentences.
Dare is also used in prohibitory sentences.
Example:
You dare not abuse your seniors.
As a ‘ defective verb’- dare is only used in prohibitory and interrogative sentences. . Date is a defective verb can be conjugated as Dare (Present), Pared/Dust (Past and Past Participle). The infinite ‘to’ is not used in such sentences, as
1. You dare not say so. (Present)
2. How dare you call her names? (Present Interrogative)
3. She dared not oppose her husband. (Past)
4. How dust she open my box. (Past-interrogative)
N:B: ‘Dare’ is an odd type of verb. As a matter of principle, the infinitive with ‘to’ is used with do/did in the negative ‘ and interrogative forms of ‘Dare’; but ‘to’ is generally eluded (dropped) in usage; as
1. Did he dare (to) oppose my proposal?
2. How does he dare (to) criticize what I said?
He dared not (to) speak a word against the decision.
13. USED TO
‘Used to’ is used to denote past habit.
Examples:
1. I used to bathe in the river.
2. He used to do coming walk every day.
2. It is used to denote old past habit but now given up.
Examples:
1. He used to drink before going to bed daily.
2. He used to puff a cigarette after meal.
3. It is used to denote negative.
Examples:
1. She used not to disobey her husband.
2. The students used not to disobey their Principal.
4. It is used to denote interrogation.
Example:
1. Used he to tell lies.
In the above sentences, ‘used to’ has been used to show old habit (in or out of practice at the time of speaking).
‘Used to’ does not have the present tense form. It is invariably used in the past. Now, read the following sentences.
1. I am not used to such, treatment.
2. She got used to drinking.
3. I am used to a life of struggle.
4. Mind it, 1 am not used to this kind of silly behaviour.
5. I am not used to going out in the dark In the above sentences, “used to’ mean;
‘accustomed to’. Some (form of be/seen/gel become is used before ‘used to’ in such sentences.
Exercise For Practice:
Fill in the following blanks with ‘must’ ‘need’, ‘ought to’, ‘dare’ or ‘used to whichever is appropriate:
1. She ___________ not pay the fine.
2. Who rings the bell? That __________ be the housemaid.
3. You __________ to have helped your sister in this hour of need.
4. ___________ he ______ drink when he was in his teens?
5. She __________not __________ sit idle.
6. You ___________ meet her after college hours.
7. My father___________ read the Geeta everyday when he was alive.
8. He ___________ beat his children when they were small.
9. You ___________to help the poor and the needy.
10. Your brother __________ hot take the trouble.
11. She ___________ obey her parents and parents-in-laws.
12. ___________ they utter such abusive words.
13. We__________ to respect our elders.
14. __________ you step in the room of your neighbour’s wife.
15. __________ the beggar give you some money?
16. You __________ use abusive language.
17. __________I receive you at the railway station?
18. You __________to serve yoUr aged parents.
19. __________he go against me ?
20. You __________ leave the college premises at once.
Answers:
Blanks are filled with ‘must’, ‘need’, ‘ought to’, ‘dare’ or ‘used
1. She need not pay the fine.
2. Who rings the bell? That must be the house-made.
3. You ought to have helped your sister in this hour of need.
4. Used he to drink when he was in his teens?
5. She used not to sit idle.
6. You daren’t meet her after college hours.
7. My father used to read the Geeta every day when he was alive.
8. He used to beat his children when they were small.
9. You ought to help the poor and the needy.
10. Your brother need not take the trouble.
11. She must .obey her parents and parents-in-law.
12. Dare they utter such abusive words?
13. We ought to respect our elders.
14. Dare you step in the room of your neighbour’s wife.
15. Need the beggar give you some money.
16. You mustn’t use abusive language.
17. Need I receive you at the railway station?
18. You ought to serve your aged parents.
19. Pare he go against me?
20. You must leave the college premises at once.
Exercise:
Fill in the following blanks with Modals.
1. I __________reach Bhubaneswat oh Sunday morning. .
2. __________ she stay here tonight?
3. We__________ always speak the truth.
4. __________ you please lend me your book?
5. We eat that we __________ live.
7. She __________ have lost her purse.
8. Anyone _____ make mistakes.
9. __________ you tell me^the time ?
10. You __________ not waste your money.
11. You __________ not worry about me.
12. You __________ not challenge your officers.
13. She __________ visit our house every week.
Answer:
Blanks are filled in with Modals.
1. I shall reach Bhubaneswar on Sunday morning.
2. Will she stay here tonight?
3. We should always speak the truth.
4. Would you please lend me your book?
5. We eat that we may live.
6. She might have lost her purse.
7. Anyone can make mistake.
8. Could you tell me the time?
9. You must not waste your money.
10. You need not worry about me.
11. You dare not challenge your officers.
12. She used to visit our house every week.