Veerendra ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଜ୍ୟୋତି Sahitya Jyoti Part 1 Question Answer | Class 11 MIL Odia Book Question Answer Pdf 2022-2023
Unit 1 ଗଦ୍ୟ
Unit 2 ପଦ୍ୟ
Unit 3 ଏକାଙ୍କିକା
BSE Odisha Class 11 Odia Grammar ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ବିଭାଗ
Unit 4 ବୋଧଜ୍ଞାନ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ
Unit 5 ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ ଓ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ
ଆଧୁନିକ ଭାରତୀୟ ଭାଷା (ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ) ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ପ୍ରଥମ ବର୍ଷ (୧ମ ଭାଗ)
ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସଂଖ୍ଯା – ୧୦୦
ସମୟ – ୩ ଘ ।
ପିରିଅଡ଼ ସଂଖ୍ୟା – ସାପ୍ତାହିକ୫ (ବାର୍ଷିକ ୮୦)
ପ୍ରଥମ ଏକକ – ଗଦ୍ଯ (୧୬ ପିରିଅଡ଼) (୨୦ ନମ୍ବର)
୧. ‘ଶରଶୁ ପଦର’ – ଗୋପୀନାଥ ମହାନ୍ତି
୨. ଝେଲମ୍ ନଦୀରେ ସଂଧ୍ୟା – ପୁଂଜବିହାରୀ ଦାଶ
୩. ମଧୁବାବୁ – ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି ଆଚାର୍ଯ୍ୟ
୪. ଗାଁ ମଜଲିସ୍ – ହରେକୃଷ୍ଣ ମହତାବ
ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଏକକ – ପଦ୍ୟ (୧୬ ପିରିଅଡ଼) (୨୦ ନମ୍ବର)
୧. ସାହାଡ଼ା ବୃକ୍ଷ – ସାରଳା ଦାସ
୨. ଶାପ ମୋଚନ – ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ
୩. ହିମକାଳ – ଦୀନକୃଷ୍ଣ ଦାସ
୪. ମିତ୍ରତା – ଉପେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଭଞ୍ଜ
୫. ପୟରେ ପଶୁଛି ଶରଣ – ଭୀମଭୋଇ
ତୃତୀୟ ଏକକ – ଏକାଙ୍କିକା (୧୬ ପିରିଅଡ଼) (୨୦ ନମ୍ବର)
୧. ଅତ୍ୟାଚାରିତ – ପ୍ରାଣବନ୍ଧୁ କର
୨. ଭାଲୁ ଉପଦ୍ରବ – ବିଜୟ ମିଶ୍ର
୩. ସୀମିତ ସମ୍ପର୍କ – କାକ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ରଥ
ଚତୁର୍ଥ ଏକକ — ବୋଧଜ୍ଞାନ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ (୧୬ ପିରିଅଡ଼) (୨୦ ନମ୍ବର)
୧. ଅବବୋଧ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ (କ) ଗଦ୍ୟାଶ (ଖ) ପଦ୍ୟାଶ
୨. ସମ୍ବାଦ ଲିଖନ
ପ ମ ଏକକ – ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ ଓ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ (୧୬ ପିରିଅଡ଼) (୨୦ ନମ୍ବର)
(କ) ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ
(ଖ) ପତ୍ର ଲିଖନ
(ଗ) ବ୍ୟାକରଣ
ପଦ ପ୍ରକରଣ – ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ, ବିଶେଷଣ, ସର୍ବନାମ, ଅବ୍ୟୟ, କ୍ରିୟା
ପାଠ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ – ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଜ୍ୟୋତି, ପ୍ରଥମ ଭାଗ
ଓଡ଼ିଶା ରାଜ୍ୟ ପାଠ୍ୟ ପୁସ୍ତକ ପ୍ରଣୟନ ଓ ପ୍ରକାଶନ ସଂସ୍ଥା, ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵର
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 1 ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସର ଉପାଦାନ Objective Questions.
ବସ୍ତୁନିଷ୍ଠ ଓ ଅତିସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତରମୂଳକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର
A. ସମ୍ଭାବ୍ୟ ଚାରୋଟି ଉତ୍ତର ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରଟି ବାଛି ଲେଖ ।
୧। ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନାପାଇଁ ଉପାଦାନ ଭାବେ, ଅଭିଲେଖ ବା ଖୋଦିତ ଲେଖ ହେଲା –
(କ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ବୈଦେଶିକ ବିବରଣୀ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ
Answer:
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ
୨। ଏପିଗ୍ରାଫିର ଅର୍ଥ –
(କ) ଶିଳାଲେଖ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଖ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭଗ୍ନାବଶେଷର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଘ) ସାହିତ୍ୟକୃତିର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
Answer:
(କ) ଶିଳାଲେଖ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
୩ । ମୁଦ୍ରା ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ ପଦ୍ଧତିକୁ କ’ଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ଏପିଗ୍ରାଫି
(ଖ) ମୁଦ୍ରାତତ୍ତ୍ବ
(ଗ) ଅଭିଲେଖଗାରୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳର ଅବଶେଷର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ମୁଦ୍ରାତତ୍ତ୍ବ
୪ । ଭାରତର ପ୍ରାଚୀନତମ ମୁଦ୍ରାରୂପେ କେଉଁ ମୁଦ୍ରାକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ଛାପାମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଖ) ଇହୁଦୀ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ ମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଗ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଘ) କୁଶାଣ ମୁଦ୍ରା
Answer:
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ଛାପାମୁଦ୍ରା
୫ । ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା ଶିଳାଲେଖ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ?
(କ) ଧଉଳି ପାହାଡ଼
(ଖ) ଉଦୟଗିରି
(ଗ) ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼
(ଘ) ଲଳିତଗିରି
Answer:
(ଖ) ଉଦୟଗିରି
୬ । ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କୃତିତ୍ଵ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ଅଛି ?
(କ) ପ୍ରଥମ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) କୁମାରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
୭ | ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଖ) ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକର୍ଣ୍ଣୀ
(ଗ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀ
(ଘ) ଆଦିତ୍ୟସେନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକଣ୍ଠୀ
୮। ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ନରପତି ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କେଉଁଥୁରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ପ୍ରୟାଗ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଖ) ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଗ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
୯ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖ ଶକ ଶାସକ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ ଗୁଣକୀର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ଅପ୍ସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(କ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ
୧୦ । ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
(ଖ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ପାଣିନି
(ଘ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
Answer:
(ଖ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
୧୧ । ‘ମାଳବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଖ) କାଳିଦାସ
(ଗ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଘ) କଲ୍ହଣ
Answer:
(ଖ) କାଳିଦାସ
୧୨ । ‘ଦଶକୁମାର ଚରିତମ୍’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା
(ଗ) କାଳିଦାସ
(ଘ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(କ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍
୧୩ । ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଖ) କଲ୍ହଣ
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
Answer:
(ଖ) କଲ୍ହଣ
୧୪ । କେଉଁ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତର ରାଜବଂଶ ଓ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ଉପରେ ବିବରଣୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ସୂତ୍ର ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ସଙ୍ଗମ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
Answer:
(ଘ) ସଙ୍ଗମ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
୧୫ । କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ଶାସନକାଳରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଘ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
Answer:
(କ) ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ
୧୬ । କାହା ରାଜତ୍ଵକାଳରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) କନିଷ୍କ
(ଖ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଥମ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଘ) ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
୧୭ । କାହା ରାଜତ୍ଵକାଳରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଖ) କନିଷ୍କ
(ଗ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ସ୍କଦଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
୧୮। ‘ଇଣ୍ଡିକା’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ
Answer:
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
୧୯ । ‘ତୁଜୁକ୍—ଇ—ଜାହାଙ୍ଗିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଆକବର
(ଖ) ବାବର
(ଗ) ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର
(ଘ) ହୁମାୟୁନ୍
Answer:
(ଗ) ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର
୨୦ । ‘ଫୋ—କି—ଓ କି’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍
୨୧ । ‘ବିକ୍ରମାର୍କ ଚରିତ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଖ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଗ) ବିଶାଖାଦତ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଭାସ
Answer:
(କ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
୨୨ । ‘ମହାଭାଷ୍ୟ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଖ) କଣ
(ଗ) ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଘ) ବରାହମିହିର
Answer:
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
୨୩ । ‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଆଲ୍ବେରୁଣୀ
(ଖ) ହସାନ୍ ନିଜାମୀ
(ଗ) ଗୁଲବଦନ ବେଗମ୍
(ଘ) ଅବଦୁଲ୍ଲା
Answer:
(କ) ଆଲ୍ବେରୁଣୀ
୨୪ । ‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ‘ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ
(ଖ) ଅମୀର ଖୁସ୍ର
(ଗ) ମିହାଜ-ଉସ୍ -ସିରାଜ
(ଘ) ମହମ୍ମଦ କାଦିର
Answer:
(ଗ) ମୀନ୍ହାଜ୍-ଉସ୍-ସିରାଜ
୨୫ । ‘ତାରିଖ-ଇ–ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ
(ଖ) ଅମୀର ଖୁସ୍ର
(ଗ) ମହମ୍ମଦ ଅମୀନ୍
(ଘ) ମହମ୍ମଦ କାଦିର
Answer:
(କ) ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ
୨୬ । କିଏ ୧୮୩୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ପ୍ରଫେସର ସିଲି
(ଖ) ଜେମ୍ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍ସେପ୍
(ଗ) ଜେମ୍ସ ଆବ୍ରାହମ୍
(ଘ) ଜେମ୍ସ ହାରଗ୍ରୀଡ୍ସ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଜେମ୍ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍ସେପ୍
୨୭ । ‘ପଞ୍ଚତନ୍ତ୍ର’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଶୂଦ୍ରକ
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା
(ଗ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍
(ଘ) ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟଭଟ୍ଟ
Answer:
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା
୨୮ । ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଖ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଗ) ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
(ଘ) କଲ୍ହଣ
Answer:
(ଗ) ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
୨୯ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟଙ୍କ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀକୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ପୁରାତନ ବୋଲି ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଘ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଅଶୋକ
୩୦ । ଆଫ୍ଗାନିସ୍ଥାନସ୍ଥିତ ଶିଳାଲେଖରେ ଅଶୋକ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଲିପି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ହସ୍ତଲିପି
(ଖ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ଲିପି
(ଗ) ଛବିଲିପି
(ଘ) ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ଲିପି
୩୧ । ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
(କ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଖରୋଷ୍ଟି ଲିପି
Answer:
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ
୩୨ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଲିପିରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଅକ୍ଷରର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟୁଥିଲା ?
(କ) ଖରୋଷ୍ଟି ଲିପି
(ଖ) ଛବିଲିପି
(ଗ) ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି
(ଘ) ବ୍ର1କ୍ଲିପି
Answer:
(ଗ) ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି
୩୩ । ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ ରାଜାଙ୍କର ଆଦେଶ ସମ୍ବଳିତ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କ’ଣ କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଅନୁଶାସନ
(ଖ) ହୁକୁମନାମା
(ଗ) ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ
(ଘ) ଆଇନ
Answer:
(କ) ଅନୁଶାସନ
୩୪ । ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କର ଶିଳାଲେଖଠାରୁ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାର ଅୟମାରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଛି ବୋଲି ବିଚାର କରାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵ
ଖ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ
(ଗ) ଆରବୀ
(ଘ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍
Answer:
(ଖ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ
୩୫ । ଗୋଆଲିୟର ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କର ସୁଶାସନ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଇଛି ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକ
(ଖ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ପୁଲକେଶୀ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜ
Answer:
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜ
୩୬ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କଦ୍ଵାରା ପରାଜିତ ହୋଇଥିବାର ଜଣାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଗୋଆଲିୟର ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଖ) ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହସ୍ତମ୍ଭ
(ଗ) ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଘ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
Answer:
(ଘ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
୩୭ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ ନ ଥିଲେ ବିଖ୍ୟାତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସରେ ଅଜଣୀ ହୋଇ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତେ ?
(କ) ମେହରୌଲୀ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଗ) ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର୍ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଆଲାହାବାଦ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
୩୮ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ଗୁଣକୀର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର ଶିଳା ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
୩୯ । ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସାରନାଥ, ଧଉଳି ଓ ଜଉଗଡ଼ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ନମୁନା ?
(କ) ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ଅଭିଲେଖ
୪୦ । ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଭୌମକର, ଗଙ୍ଗ ଓ ଗଜପତି ରାଜମାନେ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର
(ଖ) ତାମ୍ରପତ୍ର
(ଗ) ଦାନପତ୍ର
(ଘ) ରୌପ୍ୟପତ୍ର
Answer:
(ଗ) ଦାନପତ୍ର
୪୧ । ବୁଦ୍ଧଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ମଗଧରେ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ଘଟିଥିଲା ?
(କ) ପାଲି
(ଖ) ଆରବୀ
(ଗ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ
(ଘ) ହିନ୍ଦୀ
Answer:
(କ) ପାଲି
୪୨ । କୌଟିଲ୍ୟଙ୍କ ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର କେଉଁ ଯୁଗରେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
(କ) ମୋଗଲ ଯୁଗ
(ଖ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଯୁଗ
(ଗ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗ
(ଘ) ମଧ୍ୟଯୁଗ
Answer:
(ଗ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗ
୪୩ । ‘ରାମଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଖ) ବିକ୍ରମାଦିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀ
(ଘ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
Answer:
(ଗ) ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀ
୪୪ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀଙ୍କ ‘ରାମଚରିତ’ରେ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କଥା ଆଲୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ବଙ୍ଗରାଜା ରାମପାଳ
(ଖ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀ
Answer:
(ଗ) ବଙ୍ଗରାଜା ରାମପାଳ
୪୫ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରେ କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ବଂଶାବଳୀ, ରାଜ୍ୟଶାସନ ଓ ଦଣ୍ଡବିଧ୍ ଉପରେ ସବିଶେଷ ଆଲୋଚନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?
(କ) କୀର୍ତିକୁମୁଦିନୀ
(ଖ) ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ
(ଗ) ରାମଚରିତ
(ଘ) ଚରକ ସଂହିତା
Answer:
(ଖ) ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ
B. ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।
୧। ଭାରତର ବଡ଼ଲାଟ ________ ଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ବିଭାଗ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଲର୍ଡ଼ କର୍ଜନ
୨। ରାଜସ୍ଥାନର __________ ଠାରେ ଜୈନକୀର୍ତ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ଦିଦ୍ୱାରା
୩ । ଦକ୍ଷିଣରେ ମାମାଲ୍ଲପୁରମଠାରେ ଥିବା _________ ମନ୍ଦିର ପଲ୍ଲବମାନଙ୍କର ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ କୃତିର ପରିଚୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ପ୍ରସ୍ତରକଟା
୪। ___________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି ସାତବାହନ ଶାସକ ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କର ଯଶଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ନାସିକ
୫ । ଭୂଖନନ ଫଳରେ ଭୂମି ଗର୍ଭରୁ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷକୁ ________ ଉପାଦାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ
୬ । ___________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଐହୋଲ
୭ | ବୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ __________ ଶିଳାଲେଖ ତଥ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଗିରନାର୍
୮। __________ ଙ୍କ ମୁଦ୍ରାରେ ଶିବ ବୃଷଭ ନିକଟରେ ଦଣ୍ଡାୟମାନ ହେବାର ଛବି ଅଙ୍କିତ ହୋଇଛି ।
Answer:
ବିମଳା କାଡ଼ଫିସେସ
୯। ପାଳ, ପ୍ରତିହାର, ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରକୂଟ ଏବଂ ପଲ୍ଲବ ଆଦି ରାଜବଂଶର ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର __________ ମିଳି ନ ଥିବାରୁ ଐତିହାସିକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା
୧୦ । ତାଞ୍ଜୋରର ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ _________ ସଂସ୍କୃତିର ନମୁନା ବହନ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ଚୋଳ
୧୧ । ‘ପୃଥ୍ୱୀରାଜ ରାସୋ’ର ରଚୟିତା ________ ।
Answer:
ଚାନ୍ଦ ବରଦାଇ
୧୨। __________ ‘ବିକ୍ରମାର୍କ ଚରିତ’ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ।
Answer:
ବିହଣ
୧୩ । ସମୁଦାୟ _________ ଟି ପୁରାଣ ଅଛି ।
Answer:
୧୮
୧୪ । ବୀଣାବାଦନ ଚିତ୍ର ଥବା ମୁଦ୍ରା _________ ଯୁଗରେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତ
୧୫ । ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ___________ ଶିଳାଲେଖ ତଥ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା
୧୬ । ___________ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାକୃତ, ପାଲି ଓ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀ ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖା ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖ
୧୭ । ‘ସି–ୟୁ—କି’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ
୧୮। ‘ହର୍ଷଚରିତ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
୧୯। ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ ଙ୍କ ଶାସନ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
୨୦ । ‘ମୁଦ୍ରାରାକ୍ଷସ’ର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ବିଶାଖାଦତ୍ତ
୨୧ । ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଇତିହାସ ବିଷୟରେ __________ ରୁ ତଥ୍ୟ ମିଳେ ।
Answer:
ମାଦଳାପାଞ୍ଜି
୨୨ । ‘ପତଞ୍ଜଳି’ ____________ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ମହାଭାଷ୍ୟ
୨୩। ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ _____________ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
ଲୌକିକ
୨୪। ___________ ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
୨୫ । ମୁଦ୍ରା ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ __________ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ
୨୬ । ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂଙ୍କ ପରେ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ _____________ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଇନ୍ସିଂ
୨୭ । ‘ତାହିକ୍-ଇ-ହିନ୍ଦୁ’ର ରଚୟିତା ____________ ।
Answer:
ଆଲ୍ବେରୁଣୀ
୨୮ । ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ _________ ଧର୍ମାବଲମ୍ବୀ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ବୌଦ୍ଧ
୨୯ । ଫାହିୟାନ୍ __________ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ପଞ୍ଚମ
୩୦ । ‘କୀର୍ତ୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନୀ’ରୁ _________ ଦେଶ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
Answer:
ନେପାଳ
୩୧ । ବାବରଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମଚରିତର ନାମ ___________ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
ବାବରନାମା
୩୨ । ‘ଆକବରନାମାର’ ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ___________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ଆବୁଲ ଫାଜଲ
୩୩ । ନାଳନ୍ଦା ବିଶ୍ଵବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ବିଷୟରେ _________ ବିବରଣୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ
୩୪ । ‘ହୁମାୟୁନ୍ନାମା’ର ରଚୟିତା __________ ।
Answer:
ଗୁଲବଦନ ବେଗମ୍
୩୫ । __________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜଙ୍କର ସୁଶାସନ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଇଛି ।
Answer:
ଗୋଆଲିୟର୍
୩୬ । ‘ଦେବୀ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତମ୍’ରେ ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ଙ୍କ କଥା ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ଅଛି ।
Answer:
ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
୩୭ । ‘ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍’ମାନଙ୍କ ଇତିହାସ କେବଳ ___________ ରୁ ଜାଣିହୁଏ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା
୩୮ । ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼ ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵରର ___________ ରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।
Answer:
ଧଉଳି ପାଦଦେଶ
୩୯ । __________ ଧାତୁରେ ଛାପାଯୁକ୍ତ ମୁଦ୍ରା ନିର୍ମିତ ।
Answer:
ରୌପ୍ୟ ଓ ତାମ୍ର
୪୦ । ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ __________ ଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
୪୧ । ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ ସମ୍ରାଟ __________ ଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଅଶୋକ
୪୨। ୧୫୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ରୁ ୬୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଇତିହାସର କୌଣସି ଘଟଣା ଜଣାଯାଇ ନ ଥିବାରୁ ଏ ସମୟକୁ _________ ଯୁଗ ବୋଲି ଆଖ୍ୟା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।
Answer:
ଅନ୍ଧକାର
୪୩ । ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ ଙ୍କ ଶାସନ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର ଲେଖ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଅଶୋକ
୪୪ । ଭାରତର ବନ୍ଦର ଓ ବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ __________ ନାମକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଛି ।
Answer:
ପେରିପ୍ଲସ୍ ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଏରିତ୍ରୀୟସି
୪୫ । ଭୌଗୋଳିକବିତ୍ _________ ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁରଠାରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବନ୍ଦର ଥିବାର ଅନୁମାନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ଟଲେମି
୪୬ । ଗୋମତେଶ୍ଵର ବାହୁବଳୀ ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି _________ ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।
Answer:
କର୍ଣ୍ଣାଟକ
C. ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖ ।
୧। ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ବ କହିଲେ କ’ଣ ବୁଝାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ଭୂ-ଖୋଦନ ଫଳରେ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
୨। ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନକୁ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନକୁ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି; ଯଥା – ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷ ଓ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟରାଜି ଏବଂ ମୁଦ୍ରା ।
୩ । ‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା ବିଖ୍ୟାତ ଆରବୀୟ ଲେଖକ ଆଲ୍ବେରୁଣୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୪ । ହରିଶେଣ କିଏ ?
Answer:
ହରିଶେଣ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଜଣେ କବି ଥିଲେ ।
୫ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ଦୁଇ ମହାକାବ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ଦୁଇ ମହାକାବ୍ୟ ହେଲା – ରାମାୟଣ ଓ ମହାଭାରତ ।
୬ । ସାରନାଥ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ବିକାଶଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ସାରନାଥ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ ବିକାଶଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା ।
୭ । କେଉଁ ଐତିହାସିକଙ୍କ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଭାରତ ଓ ରୋମ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଚାଲିଥିବା ନୌବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଐତିହାସିକ ପ୍ଲିନିଙ୍କ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଭାରତ ଓ ରୋମ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଚାଲିଥିବା ନୌବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ମିଳିଥାଏ ।
୮ | ମୁଦ୍ରା ନ ଥିଲେ କେଉଁମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଇତିହାସ ଅଜ୍ଞାତ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତା ?
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ନ ଥିଲେ ଇତିହାସ ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ ଶାସକ ଡେମିଟ୍ରିୟସ୍ ଓ ମିନେନ୍ଦରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଜ୍ଞାତ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତା ।
୯ । ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଦିଅ ।
Answer:
କୌଟିଲ୍ୟଙ୍କ ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଅଟେ ।
୧୦ । ଇନ୍ସିଂ କିଏ ?
Answer:
ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଇସିଂ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂଙ୍କ ପରେ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୧୧ । କେବେ ଏବଂ କିଏ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
୧୮୩୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଜେମ୍ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍ସେପ୍ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ।
୧୨ । କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟ୍ଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ସମ୍ରାଟ୍ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୧୩ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖରୁ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଗିନାର୍ ଅଭିଲେଖରୁ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
୧୪। ଐହୋଲ୍ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
୧୫ । ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
୧୬ । ଜୈନ ଓ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିଖ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଜୈନ ଓ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାକୃତ ଓ ପାଲି ଭାଷାରେ ଲିଖ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୧୭ । ‘କୀର୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନ’ରୁ କେଉଁ ଦେଶର ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
‘କୀର୍ତ୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନୀ’ରୁ ନେପାଳ ଦେଶର ଶାସନ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
୧୮ । ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ବିଭାଗ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ବଡ଼ଲାଟ ଲର୍ଡ଼ କର୍ଜନଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ବିଭାଗ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୧୯ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତରେ ରାଜା ମହାରାଜାମାନେ ନିଜ ନିଜର ଗୁଣଗରିମା କାହା ମାଧ୍ଯମରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତରେ ରାଜା ମହାରାଜାମାନେ ନିଜ ନିଜର ଗୁଣଗରିମା ଅଭିଲେଖ ମାଧ୍ଯମରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଥିଲେ ।
୨୦ । ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ସାତବାହନ ଶାସକ ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକର୍ମୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।
୨୧ । ଅଭିଲେଖ ଉପାଦାନକୁ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖ ଉପାଦାନକୁ ପାଞ୍ଚଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି; ଯଥା – ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଧାର୍ମିକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର ଏବଂ ଦାନପତ୍ର ।
୨୨ । ଅପସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ?
Answer:
ଅପସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ ଆଦିତ୍ୟସେନଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
୨୩ । ବୟଣାର ସଞ୍ଚ ମୁଦ୍ରା କେଉଁ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ବୟଣାର ସଞ୍ଚ ମୁଦ୍ରା ଗୁପ୍ତଯୁଗର ବାଣିଜ୍ୟିକ ଅବନତି ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।
୨୪ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିବାପାଇଁ କିଏ ବହୁ ଉପାଦେୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଯୋଗାଇଥାଏ ?
Answer:
କଟକ ରାଜବଂଶାବଳୀ ଏବଂ ଉଡ୍ରଦେଶ ରାଜବଂଶାବଳୀ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିବାପାଇଁ ବହୁ ଉପାଦେୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଯୋଗାଇଥାଏ ।
୨୫ । କେଉଁ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ତଥ୍ୟରୁ ଇତିହାସର ଉପାଦାନ ମିଳେ ?
Answer:
ପାଣିନି ଓ ପତଞ୍ଜଳିଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ତଥ୍ୟରୁ ଐତିହାସିକ ଉପାଦାନ ମିଳେ ।
୨୬ । କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜବଂଶର ଇତିହାସ କେଉଁ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜବଂଶର ଇତିହାସ ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।
୨୭ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା ପାଇଁ କେତେ ପ୍ରକାର ଉପାଦାନ ରହିଛି ଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା ପାଇଁ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର ଉପାଦାନ ରହିଛି; ଯଥା – ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ, ସାହିତ୍ୟିକ ଏବଂ ଅଭିଲେଖାଗାରୀୟ ଉପାଦାନ ।
୨୮ । ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାକୃତ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୨୯ । ଚାରିବେଦ କେବେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଚାରିବେଦ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ୨୦୦୦ ରୁ ୧୫୦୦ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ବା ବୈଦିକ ସଭ୍ୟତାରେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୩୦ । ‘ମାଳାବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା କିଏ ?
Answer:
ମହାକବି କାଳିଦାସ ‘ମାଳାବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୩୧ । ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ?
Answer:
ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
୩୨ । ଗୌତମପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଗୌତମପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
୩୩ । ଭାରତର ଇତିହାସ ଭାରତ ବାହାରେ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଥିବା କେଉଁ ଶିଳାଲେଖରୁ ସୂଚନା ମିଳେ ?
Answer:
ଭାରତର ଇତିହାସ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଭାରତ ବାହାରେ ଏସିଆ ମାଇନର ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଥିବା ବୋଘାଜକୋଇ ଲେଖ ଓ ପାରସ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଶିଳାଲେଖରୁ ସୂଚନା ମିଳେ ।
୩୪ । ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୩୫ । ‘କୁମାରସମ୍ଭବ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
କାଳିଦାସ ‘କୁମାରସମ୍ଭବ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୩୬ । ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଐତିହାସିକ ଯୁଗ କାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ପୂର୍ବବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ସମୟକୁ ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଐତିହାସିକ ଯୁଗ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
୩୭ । ଇତିହାସର ରଚନା କେବେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଇତିହାସର ରଚନା ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୩୮ । ଇତିହାସ ଲେଖିପାଇଁ ଦୁଇଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନର ନାମ ଲେଖ ।
Answer:
ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଓ ବୈଦେଶିକ ଭ୍ରମଣକାରୀଙ୍କ ବିବରଣୀ ଇତିହାସ ଲେଖିବାପାଇଁ ଦୁଇଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନ ଅଟେ ।
୩୯ । ଲିପି ବା ଲେଖରେ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ଲିପି ବା ଲେଖରେ ରାଜା ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କୃତିତ୍ବ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ଓ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିଗାନ, ଶାସନଗତ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ, ନୀତିଗତ ଅନୁଶାସନ ଓ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ପଦବୀ ମଣ୍ଡନ, ଦାନପତ୍ର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
୪୦ । ଭାରତର ଅତି ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଐତିହାସିକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ନାମ କ’ଣ ଅଟେ ?
Answer:
ଋଗ୍ବେଦ ଭାରତର ଅତି ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଐତିହାସିକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।
୪୧ । ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନର ନାମ ଲେଖ ।
Answer:
ଲଳିତଗିରି ଓ ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼ର ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ ଅଟେ ।
୪୨ । କେଉଁ ସମୟରେ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୪୩ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ ଓ କ’ଣ କ’’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ; ଯଥା — ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ, ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଓ ବୈଦେଶିକ ବିବରଣୀ ।
୪୪ । ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ସାହିତ୍ୟ ରଚନାକୁ ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
୪୫ । କେଉଁ ଆଇନ ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ନୀତି, ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର ଦାୟିତ୍ଵ ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କହିବା ବଣ୍ଠିତ ହୋଇଛି ?
Answer:
ଧର୍ମସୂତ୍ର ଓ ମନୁସ୍ମୃତି ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ନୀତି ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର ଦାୟିତ୍ଵ ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହୋଇଛି ।
୪୬ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିବା ଦୁଇଜଣ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବିଦେଶୀ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟକଙ୍କ ନାମ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କର ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତ ଯୁଗରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ, ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଯୁଗରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଓ ହର୍ଷଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୪୭ । ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭାଭିଲେଖରୁ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭାଭିଲେଖରୁ ଗୁପ୍ତବଂଶର ରାଜା ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।
୪୮ । କିଏ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁର ବନ୍ଦର ଥିବାର ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ଭୌଗୋଳିକ ଟଲେମି ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁରଠାରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବନ୍ଦର ଥିବା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲେ ।
D. ଭ୍ରମ ସଂଶୋଧନ କର ।
୧। ଗୁପ୍ତରାଜାମାନେ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣରେ ତାମ୍ର ଓ ରୌପ୍ୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା ପ୍ରଚଳନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତରାଜାମାନେ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣରେ ସ୍ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ରୌପ୍ୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା ପ୍ରଚଳନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।
୨। ୬୫୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତରୁ ସ୍ୱଦେଶ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
୬୪୪ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତରୁ ସ୍ୱଦେଶ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥିଲେ ।
୩ । ରୁମିନିଦେଇ ହସ୍ତଲିପି ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ରୁମିନିଦେଇ ହସ୍ତଲିପି ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
୪ । ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୫ । ସାମବେଦ ଋଗ୍ବୈଦିକ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ଋଗ୍ବେଦ ଋଗ୍ଦିକ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।
୬ | ମୁଦ୍ରା ଉପରେ ଖୋଦିତ ଛବିରେ ତାଲା ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଧରିଥିବାରୁ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଜଣେ ସଙ୍ଗୀତପ୍ରେମୀ ରାଜା ଥିବାର ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ଉପରେ ଖୋଦିତ ଛବିରେ ବୀଣା ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଧରିଥିବାରୁ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଜଣେ ସଙ୍ଗୀତପ୍ରେମୀ ରାଜା ଥୁବାର ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
୭ । ‘ପରିଶିଷ୍ଟ ପର୍ବର’ ଲେଖକ ସାରଳା ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ପରିଶିଷ୍ଟ ପର୍ବ’ର ଲେଖକ ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୮ । ‘ଲଳିତ ବିସ୍ତାର’ ହିନ୍ଦୁଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
‘ଲଳିତ ବିସ୍ତାର’ ବୌଦ୍ଧଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।
୯ । ‘ଓଡ଼ିଆ ମହାଭାରତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ଓଡ଼ିଆ ମହାଭାରତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ସାରଳା ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୧୦ । ‘ମୁକ୍ତି ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି’ର ରଚୟିତା ତୁଳସୀଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ମୁକ୍ତି ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି’ର ରଚୟିତା ରାଜା ପୁରୁଷୋତ୍ତମଦେବ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୧୧। କହୁଣ ‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
କହୁଣ ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
୧୨। ‘ସତ୍ୟାର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ’ର ରଚୟିତା ରାଜା ରାମମୋହନ ରାୟ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ସତ୍ୟାର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ’ର ରଚୟିତା ସ୍ଵାମୀ ଦୟାନନ୍ଦ ସରସ୍ଵତୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୧୩। ‘ତାରିଖ-ଇ-ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ର ଲେଖକ ଫିରୋଜଶାହା ତୁଗଲକ ।
Answer:
‘ତାରିଖ—ଇ–ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ର ଲେଖକ ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବାରାଣୀ ।
୧୪। ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ପଞ୍ଚମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୧୫ । “ଏ ହିଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବାପିଷ୍ଟ ମିଶନ୍’’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜେମ୍ସ ହାରଗ୍ରୀଭସ୍ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ଏ ହିଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବାପିଷ୍ଟ ମିଶନ୍’’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜେମ୍ସ ପେଗସ୍ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
୧୬ । ଫାହିୟାଙ୍କୁ ଇତିହାସରେ ‘ତୀର୍ଥଯାତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରାଜକୁମାର’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍ସାଂଙ୍କୁ ଇତିହାସରେ ‘ତୀର୍ଥଯାତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରାଜକୁମାର’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ।
୧୭ । ‘ଅଭିଜ୍ଞାନ ଶାକୁନ୍ତଳମ୍’ ବରାହମିହିର ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ଅଭିଜ୍ଞାନ ଶାକୁନ୍ତଳମ୍’ କାଳିଦାସ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
୧୮। ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଦରବାରକୁ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଙ୍କ ଦରବାରକୁ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
୧୯ । ‘ପ୍ରିୟଦର୍ଶିକା’ ନାଟକ ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟଙ୍କର ରଚନା ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
‘ପ୍ରିୟଦର୍ଶିକା’ ନାଟକ ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କର ରଚନା ଅଟେ ।
୨୦ । ‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଚାନ୍ଦବିବି ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ମିହାଜ୍-ଉସ୍-ସିରାଜ ଥିଲେ ।
୨୧ । ‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କାଳିଦାସ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ ଥିଲେ ।
୨୨ । ‘ନାଗାନନ୍ଦ’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା କାଳିଦାସ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ନାଗାନନ୍ଦ’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ ଥିଲେ ।
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 1 Daffodils Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Think it out
Question 1.
When did the poet see the daffodils?
Answer:
The poet saw the daffodils when he was moving about aimlessly.
Question 2.
Where did the poet see the daffodils?
Answer:
The poet saw the daffodils under the trees and beside the lake.
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks to describe the idea of stanza 1: The poet was __________ in the English Countryside. He saw thousands of __________ fluttering and dancing beneath _________ and beside __________. The daffodils appeared to be ___________ in the strong breeze.
Answer:
The poet was wandering in the English Countryside. He saw thousands of golden daffodils fluttering and dancing beneath the trees and beside the lake. The daffodils appeared to be dancing in the strong breeze.
Question 4.
What does the poet compare the daffodils with?
Answer:
The poet compares the daffodils with the stars on the Milkyway.
Question 5.
What resemblance does he find between the stars and the daffodils?
Answer:
The resemblance the poet finds between the stars and the daffodils is one of countlessness.
Question 6.
What does the poet say about the number of flowers?
Answer:
The poet says that he saw ten thousand flowers at a glance.
Question 7.
Where were the flowers?
Answer:
The flowers were beside the lake.
Question 8.
Which of the two danced more sprightly – the waves or the daffodils?
Answer:
The daffodils danced more sprightly.
Question 9.
How does the poet feel while looking at the daffodils?
Answer:
While looking at the daffodils, the poet’s happiness knows no bounds. The site is a gay inspiration to him.
Question 10.
What happens to the poet when he lies on his couch?
Answer:
When he lies in his couch in a thoughtful or thoughtless mood, the lively picture of the sprightly dancing daffodils flashed upon his inward eye and fills his entire being with joy.
Question 11.
Mention the two moods of the poet?
Answer:
The two moods of the poet are vacant (free from thought) mood and pensive (thoughtful) mood.
Question 12.
What does the poet feel when he remembers the sight of the daffodils?
Answer:
When he remembers the sight of the daffodils, it fills his entire being with joy. His heart begins to dance with the flowers. In short, the sight of daffodils proves to be a source not only of immediate pleasure but also Of lasting joy.
Question 13.
When does the poet write the poem – beside or off the lake?
Answer:
The poet writes the poem off the lake.
Question 14.
Do you find a rhyme scheme in the poem? The rhyming scheme of the first stanza is a b a b (a – ‘cloud’ and ‘crowd’; b – ‘hills’ and ‘daffodils’), ending with a rhyming couplet cc (c – ‘trees’ and breeze’). Is the rhyme scheme similar in the other three stanzas or do you find any variation?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme in the other three stanzas is similar.
Question 15.
How many times is the word “dance” repeated in this poem? In which line does it show the happiness and liveliness of the flowers?
Answer:
The word ‘dance’ is repeated four times in this poem. The line “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” shows the happiness and liveliness of the flowers.
Question 16.
In which line does it create a sense of harmonious relationship between the daffodils and the waves?
Answer:
The line – ‘The waves beside them danced’ creates a sense of the harmonious relationship between the daffodils and the waves.
Question 17.
In which line does this harmonious relationship include the poet himself?
Answer:
The line ‘In such a jocund company’ establishes this harmonious relationship that includes the poet himself.
Question 18.
What figures of speech do you find in the poem?
Answer:
We find the figures of speech such as ‘metaphors’ and ‘similes’ in the poem.
Question 19.
‘Simile’ is a figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison between two unlike things by using ‘like’, ‘as’, etc. For example, in ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’, as the loneliness of the poet resembles the loneliness of the cloud that is floating high in the sky, the figure of speech used is a simile. What other example of a simile do you find in the poem?
Answer:
The other example of a simile we find in the poem is “continuous as the stars that shine”.
Question 20.
‘Metaphor’ is a figure of speech that makes an implicit comparison between two, unlike things. In ‘What wealth the show to me had brought’, the poet imagines the happiness brought to him by the beautiful scene of the flowers as “wealth”. Does he use a metaphor here?
Answer:
Yes, he uses a metaphor here.
Question 21.
“Ten thousand saw I at a glance” – is it an exaggeration? Will you call it a ‘hyperbole’?
Answer:
It is an exaggeration. We call it a “hyperbole”.
Question 22.
What figure of speech does the poet use in “They stretched in never-ending line.”?
Answer:
The poet uses “hyperbole” in “They stretched in never-ending line
I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Question 1.
The poem ‘Daffodils’ is composed by ___________?
(A) William Wordsworth
(B) John Keats
(C) P.B. Shelly
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) William Wordsworth
Question 2.
William Wordsworth was born in _________?
(A) 1770
(B) 1780
(C) 1775
(D) 1772
Answer:
(A) 1770
Question 3.
Does this poem incorporate the ideas and aspects essential to _____________?
(A) romantic poetry
(B) metaphysical poetry
(C) spiritual poetry
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) romantic poetry
Question 4.
‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’. Here I refers to ______________?
(A) the reader
(B) the cloud
(C) the daffodils
(D) the poet
Answer:
(D) the poet
Question 5.
‘Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way. In the above lines, the daffodils have been compared to ____________?
(A) the clouds
(B) the other flowers
(C) the stars
(D) milky way
Answer:
(C) the stars
Question 6.
The poet saw the daffodils _____________?
(A) along the margin of a bay
(B) by the side of a pool
(C) by the riverside
(D) in a garden
Answer:
(A) along the margin of a bay
Question 7.
‘A poet could not but be gay in such a jocund company’. Here ‘jocund company’ refers to the ____________?
(A) Mends of the poet
(B) waves
(C) daffodils
(D) stars
Answer:
(C) daffodils
Question 8.
“What wealth the show to me had brought.” By ‘wealth’ the poet means _____________?
(A) happiness
(B) good
(C) pleasure
(D) money
Answer:
(A) happiness
Question 9.
‘A host of golden daffodils,’ Here ‘A host’ means ______________?
(A) a few
(B) one who entertains
(C) a guest
(D) a large number
Answer:
(D) a large number
Question 10.
‘Bliss’it means ____________?
(A) great love
(B) great joy
(C) great blessing
(D) great loneliness
Answer:
(B) great joy
Question 11.
‘They stretched in never-ending line along the margin of a bay” Here ‘they’ refers to _____________?
(A) the stars
(B) the daffodils
(C) the clouds
(D) the hills
Answer:
(B) the daffodils
Question 12.
The daffodils were growing?
(A) along the margin of a bay
(B) by the side of a pool
(C) by the riverside
(D) in a garden
Answer:
(A) along the margin of a bay
Question 13.
The poet saw _____________ daffodils?
(A) a few
(B) white
(C) blue
(D) a large number of
Answer:
(D) a large number of
Question 14.
When the poet was looking at the daffodils?
(A) he felt sad to seé them
(B) he was totally lost in their beauty
(C) he thought they were ugly
(D) he felt like dancing
Answer:
(B) he was totally lost in their beauty
Question 15.
“Never-ending line” means _________?
(A) a curved line
(B) a short line
(C) a continuous line
(D) line of stars
Answer:
(C) a continuous line
Question 16.
‘1.’en thousand saw I at a glance tossing their heads in sprightly dance.” Here ‘sprightly dance’ means ____________?
(A) a slow dance
(B) a lively dance
(C) dance of the spirits
(D) a religious dance
Answer:
(B) a lively dance
Question 17.
“Solitude” means ____________?
(A) being alone
(B) being together
(C) being in trouble
(D) being sad
Answer:
(A) being alone
Question 18.
“Glee” means __________?
(A) joy
(B) sadness
(C) gloom
(D) happiness
Answer:
(D) happiness
Question 19.
“A poet could not but be gay” means __________?
(A) the poet could not sleep
(B) the poet was very sad
(C) the poet was happy
(D) the poet could not be happy
Answer:
(C) the poet was happy
Question 20.
William Wordsworth was an __________ poet?
(A) Irish
(B) English
(C) Scottish
(D) Welsh
Answer:
(B) English
Question 21.
William Wordsworth was a poet of _____________?
(A) nature
(B) romance
(C) beauty
(D) loves
Answer:
(A) nature
Question 22.
William Wordsworth died in ____________?
(A) 1770
(B) 1772
(C) 1850
(D) 1852
Answer:
(C) 1850
Question 23.
William Wordsworth was a poet of natural objects and _____________ people?
(A) country
(B) common
(C) aristocratic
(D) gentry
Answer:
(A) country
Question 24.
Wordsworth was honored as _____________?
(A) romantic poet
(B) England poet laureate
(C) common people’s poet
(D) pathçtic poet
Answer:
(B) England poet laureate
Question 25.
What did the poet see?
(A) a lot of clouds
(B) a lonely cloud
(C) a host of golden daffodils
(D) both (B) and (C)
Answer:
(C) a host of golden daffodils
Question 26.
Where did the poet see the daffodils?
(A) beside the lake
(B) near the tree
(C) in a big field
(D) on the lap of the hill
Answer:
(A) beside the lake
Question 27.
What were the daffodils doing?
(A) dancing and singing
(B) fluttering and dancing in the breeze
(C) shinning with a happy glance
(D) dancing in the water
Answer:
(B) fluttering and dancing in the breeze
Question 28.
Whom does the poet compare with the daffodils?
(A) star
(B) tree
(C) cloud
(D) lake
Answer:
(A) star
Question 29.
Where do the stars shine?
(A)on the sky
(B) on the milky way
(C) in the water
(D) top of daffodils
Answer:
(B) on the milky way
Question 30.
How many daffodils did the poet see at a glance?
(A) five thousand
(B) ten thousand
(C) fifteen thousand
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) ten thousand
Question 31.
Where are the daffodils fluttering and dancing?
(A) in the sea
(B) in the lake
(C) in the ocean
(D) in the breeze
Answer:
(D) in the breeze
Question 32.
Who was dancing like the daffodils?
(A) rivers
(B) seas
(C) waves
(D) lakes
Answer:
(C) waves
Question 33.
The poem ‘Daffodils’ can be called a ___________?
(A) nature poem
(B) heroic poem
(C) psychoanalytical poem
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) nature poem
Question 34.
“A state of loneliness” is called __________?
(A) pensive
(B) vacant
(C) solitude
(D) pleasure
Answer:
(C) solitude
Question 35.
What does the poet mean by “little thought” when he says “I gazed and gazed-but little thought”?
(A) He had thought a little
(B) He had not thought
(C) He had some thought
(D) He had a small thought
Answer:
(B) He had not thought
Question 36.
How did the daffodils surpass the waves?
(A) In their cheerfulness and brightness
(B) In their sprightly dance
(C) With their shine and number
(D) In their beauty and joyfulness
Answer:
(A) In their cheerfulness and brightness
Question 37.
Who was/were wandering lonely?
(A) A cloud
(B) The poet
(C) The daffodils
(D) The stars
Answer:
(B) The poet
Question 38.
To whom does the poet compare himself?
(A) The daffodils
(B) The cloud
(C) The stars
(D) The lake
Answer:
(B) The cloud
Question 39.
The poet has made two comparisons in the poem “Daffodils”. What are they?
(A) Himself with a cloud, daffodils with the stars
(B) Happiness with thè daffodils, stars with daffodils
(C) Himself with the daffodils, daffodils with the stars
(D) Himself with the stars, daffodils with the stars
Answer:
(A) Himself with a cloud, daffodils with the stars
Question 40.
“I wandered lonely as a cloud”. This statement is an example of a _____________?
(A) Simile
(B) Metaphor
(C) Personification
(D) Hyperbole
Answer:
(A) Simile
Question 41.
1 gazed and gazed suggests that the poet?
(A) took time to see all the flowers
(B) had no other work
(C) was lonely
(D) was enchanted
Answer:
(D) was enchanted
Question 42.
Whom does the poet personify in the poem “Dáffodils”?
(A) The daffodils
(B) The cloud
(C) The stars
(D) The lake and trees
Answer:
(A) The daffodils
Question 43.
How does the poet personify the daffodils?
(A)By calling them a company
(B) By saying they are fluttering and dancing
(C) By referring to them as a host
(D) By keeping them in his memory
Answer:
(B) By saying they are fluttering and dancing
Question 44.
Which of the following is an exaggerated phrase/statement?
(A) A host of golden daffodils
(B) Ten thousand saw I at a glance
(C) The waves beside them dance
(D) I wandered lonely as a cloud
Answer:
(B) Ten thousand saw I at a glance
Question 45.
Which of the following means “Moving to and for”?
(A) Dancing
(B) Sprightly
(C) Fluttering
(D) Tossing
Answer:
(D) Tossing
Question 46.
Which of the following is the opposite of “Vacant”?
(A) Plaintive
(B) Pensive
(C) Gleeful
(D) Jocund
Answer:
(B) Pensive
Question 47.
What is the “inward eye” the poet mentions in the poem “Daffodils”?
(A) Inner eye
(B) Mind’s eye
(C) Heart’s eye
(D) Closed eyes
Answer:
(B) Mind’s eye
Question 48.
How many times is the word “dance” repeated in this poem?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five
Answer:
(C) Four
II. Short Type Questions with Answers
Question 1.
Where did the poet see the daffodils and what does the poet compare the daffodils with?
Answer:
The poet saw the daffodils when he was moving about aimlessly. He saw the daffodils under the trees and beside the lake. The poet compares the daffodils with the stars on the Milkyway.
Question 2.
What resemblance does he find between the stars and the daffodils and how I does the poet feel while looking at the daffodils?
Answer:
The resemblance the poet finds between the stars and the daffodils is one of countlessness. While looking at the daffodils, the poet’s happiness knows no bounds. The site is a gay inspiration to him.
Question 3.
What happens to the poet when he lies on his couch?
Answer:
When he lies in his couch in a thoughtful or thoughtless mood, the lively picture of the sprightly dancing daffodils flashed Upon his inward eye and fills his entire being with joy.
Question 4.
What does the poet feel when he remembers the sight of the daffodils?
Answer:
When he remembers the sight of the daffodils, it fills his entire being with joy. His heart begins to dance with the flowers. In short, the sight of daffodils proves to be a source not only of immediate pleasure but also of lasting joy.
Question 5.
What is the similarity between the stars and the daffodils?
Answer:
The stars twinkle continuously in a milky way being innumerable and the daffodils, in the same way, danced and swayed in the breeze as if having no end.
Question 6.
What impact did the dancing daffodils have on the poet?
Answer:
The poet was deeply enchanted by the beautiful dancing daffodils. It was as if a great wealth for the poet. He was happy with the jocund company of the flowers.
Question 7.
How did a jocund company’ impact the poet?
Answer:
The expression ‘jocund company’ refers to the merry association of the waves and the daffodils dancing in joy. While gazing at the daffodils, the poet was beside himself with joy. The waves and the daffodils produced a cheerful effect on the poet in their company.
Question 8.
Where does a cloud float?
Answer:
The poet wanders all alone like a piece of cloud floating high over valley and hills.
Question 9.
‘The poet has described the motion of the daffodils.’ Quote the words to support your answer?
Answer:
The motion or the movement of the daffodils has been reflected in their “fluttering” and “dancing” to the tune of the breeze blowing.
Question 10.
Quote the words that give an instance of alliteration?
Answer:
“Alliteration” is a type of comparison. The far-stretching daffodils appear to the poet be continuous like the stars that shine in the night sky.
Question 11.
Which figure of speech does the poet use and why? Give an example?
Answer:
In the figure of speech, the poet has used ‘hyperbole’ for exaggeration and effect. He has tried to show the plentitude (profuse) of the flowers using the expression “ten thousand”.
Detailed Summaries and Glossary
Stanza – 1
I wandered………………………………………………………………………the breeze.
At the beginning, the poet is not only lonely, but also in a state of wandering, that is, moving about aimlessly as a floating cloud. All on a sudden, he sees a crowd – a whole bank of beautiful daffodils, quivering and ‘dancing in the breeze’ by the side of the lake, ‘beneath the trees’. The simile that compares the poet’s state to that of a cloud reinforces the very idea of an aimless drift.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
କବିତାର ଆଦ୍ୟଭାଗର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାନୁଯାୟୀ କବି କେବଳ ଏକାକୀ ନାହାନ୍ତି, ବରଂ ସେ ଏକ ଭାସମାନ ବାଦଲ ଭଳି ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟହୀନ ଭାବେ ଘୂରି ବୁଲୁଛନ୍ତି । ହଠାତ୍ ଏକ ହ୍ରଦକୂଳରେ ଅନେକ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ ହଲି ଦୋହଲି ପବନରେ ନାଚୁଥିବାର ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି । କବିଙ୍କ ମାନସିକ ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ଭାସମାନ ବାଦଲ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇଥିବାରୁ କବି ଯେ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟହୀନ ଭାବେ ଭ୍ରମଣ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ତାହା ବୁଝାପଡ଼ୁଛି ।
Glossary
lonely : The poet was not exactly lonely, for his sister Dorothy, was with him. The word ‘lonely’ refers to the state of the poet’s mind. This word helps to create a
beautiful atmosphere.
cloud : ବାଦଲ
floats : ଭାସିବା
vales : ଭ୍ୟାଲେସ୍
daffodils : bell-shaped flowers of golden yellow colour, with narrow leaves, which bloom ¡n early . spring usually by the side of lakes ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ସ୍ଥଳପଦ୍ମ ଜାତୀୟ ଫୁ ଲ
a host of : a large number of – ବହୁ ସଙ୍ଖ୍ୟକ
beside : at the side of (ପାଖରେ)
lake : the poet here refers to lake Ullswater on the borders of Cumberland and west Moonland – (ହ୍ରଦ)
beneath : ତଳେ
fluttering : quivering
breeze : ପବନ
Stanza – 2
Continuous as ………………………………………………………. sprightly dance.
In this stanza, in the poet’s ‘inward eye’, his imagination moves from earth to heaven and discovers a similarity between the daffodils and the stars. The beautiful spectacle of the crowd of dancing daffodils reminds the poet of the luminous stars in the sky. The flowers by the shore of the lake seem as countless as the stars. He catches sight of ‘ten thousand at a glance’, moving their heads in a gay and lively dance.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହି ପଦରେ କବିଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତଃଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ତାଙ୍କ କଳ୍ପନାଶକ୍ତି ପୃଥିବୀପୃଷ୍ଠରୁ ଆକାଶକୁ ଗତିଶୀଳ ହୋଇଛି ଏବଂ ସେ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ ଏବଂ ତାରକାପୁଞ୍ଜ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସାମଞ୍ଜସ୍ୟ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଅଗଣିତ ନୃତ୍ୟମାନ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଆକାଶର ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ଵଳ ତାରକାରାଜି କଥା ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଇଛି । ହ୍ରଦକୂଳର ଫୁଲ୍ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଗଣିତ ତାରକା ଭଳି ମନେ ହୋଇଛି । ଏକାଥରକେ ସେ ଦଶହଜାରସଂଖ୍ୟକ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ହଲାଇ ଜୀବନ୍ତଭାବେ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଥିବାର ସେ ଦେଖାରି ଛନ୍ତି ।
Glossary
twinkle : shine
milkway : the broad, luminous band of stars encircling the sky (ଛାୟାପଥ)
never-ending : endless (ସୀମୀହୀନ)
margin : border(ସୀମୀ)
bay : here refers to a lake (ହୀନ)
ten thousand : many. not to be taken seriously
ten thousand at a glance : Here we come across an example of hyperbole, a figure of speech, rather rare in Wordsworth, purposeful exaggeration. The line of flowers is imagined to be stretching almost into infinity, through the use of phrase like ‘ten thousand’, etc.
glance : ବାହାପ
tossing : moving (ଟସ୍ ମାରିବା)
sprightly : lively (ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ)
Tossing dance : moving their heads in gay and lively dance (ସେହି ଫୁଲ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ)
Stanza – 3
The waves ……………………………………………………………………..had brought.
The waves besides the flowers are dancing, but the mirth of daffodils is far greater than that of the waves. The entire atmosphere is one of joy and this delight sinks deep into the poet’s heart. His eyes are fixed on the spectacular sight. The poet fails to realize that the beautiful scene is going to be a source of joy for him in the future also. In short, the show of the flowers brings great ‘wealth’ to the poet,because the poet’s imagination changes them, again and again, into something precious and permanently lovable.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଭଳି ଲହରୀମାଳା ମଧ୍ଯ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି, ମାତ୍ର ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ର ପ୍ରଫୁଲ୍ଲତା ଲହରୀମାଳାର ପ୍ରଫୁଲ୍ଲତାଠାରୁ ଢେର ବେଶି । ସମଗ୍ର ପରିବେଶ ଆନନ୍ଦପ୍ରଦ ରହିଛି ଏବଂ ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦ କବିଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟକନ୍ଦରକୁ ବିଗଳିତ କରିଛି । ସେହି ଚମତ୍କାର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଉପରେ କବିଙ୍କ ଆଖିଯୋଡ଼ିକ ଲାଖିଯାଇଛି । ସେହି ମନୋଲୋଭା ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଯେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଆନନ୍ଦର ଉତ୍ସ ହେବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି ବୋଲି କବି ଅନୁଭବ କରିପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ କହିଲେ, ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ କବିଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସମ୍ପଦ ଆଣିଦେଇଛି କାରଣ କବିଙ୍କ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବେଳକୁବେଳ କିଛି ମହାର୍ଘ ଓ ପରମ ଆନନ୍ଦକାରୀ ବସ୍ତୁରେ ରୂପାନ୍ତରିତ କରିବାରେ ଲାଗିଛି ।
Glossary
nationalistic : promoting nationalism
out-did : surpassed (ଅତିକ୍ରମ କଲା |)
sparkling : shining (ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ୱଳ)
Out-did …. waves : The dancing of the daffodils seemed even more spontaneous and cheerful than that of the waves. (ଅଧିକ ଆନନ୍ଦପ୍ରଦ ଥିଲା)
glee : mirth (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
A poet …. gay : The poet identified himself with the daffodils. The sight might not have appealed to ordinary folk, but to a poet, it was a gay inspiration. (କବିଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରେରଣାର ଉତ୍ସ ପାଲଟିଥିଲା )
gay : light-hearted and carefree (ଜଞ୍ଜାଳଶୂନ୍ୟ)
jocund : joyful (ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଖୁସୀ)
gazed-and gazed : The poet’s eyes were fixed on the beautiful sight of dancing daffodils ( ଆଖୁ ଲାଖ୍ ରହିଥୁଲା)
little thought : no thought ( ଭାବନା ନ ଥିଲା)
show : sight (ଦୃଶ୍ୟ) The poet here refers to the beauty created by the dancing waves and daffodils.
Stanza – 4
For oft, ………………………………………………………the daffodils.
This stanza describes the wealth of delight the ‘show’ has bestowed on the poet. The sight of the golden daffodils becomes a thing of the past. Time flies by. In later years, when he lies on his couch in a thoughtful mood, the lovely picture of the sprightly daffodils flashes upon his imagination and fills his entire being with joy. Thus the lovely sight proves to be a source not only of immediate pleasure but of lasting joy as well. This experience brings about a profound change in the poet’s mode of perception as well as a deeper spiritual life.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହି ପଦଟି ସୁନ୍ଦର ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ କବିଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥିବା ଆନନ୍ଦରୂପକ ସମ୍ପଦ ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛି । ସୁନେଲୀ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଅତୀତ ପାଲଟି ଯାଇଛି । ସମୟ ଗଡ଼ିଚାଲିଛି । ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ କବି ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଃଖଦ ମନରେ ଖଟିଆରେ ଗଡ଼ି ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି, ସେତେବେଳ ସତେଜ ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ମନୋଲୋଭା ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ କଳ୍ପଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଭାସିଯାଇଛି ଓ ତାଙ୍କର ସାରା ଶରୀରରେ ଭରିଦେଇଛି ଆନନ୍ଦର ଶିହରଣ । ଏହିପରି ସେହି ସୁନ୍ଦର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ କେବଳ ତାତ୍କ୍ଷଣିକ ଆନନ୍ଦର ଉତ୍ସ ନୁହେଁ ବରଂ ପରମାନନ୍ଦର ଉତ୍ସ ଭାବେ ପ୍ରମାଣିତ ହୋଇଛି । ଏହି ଅନୁଭବ କବିଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଭଙ୍ଗୀ ଓ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ ଉପରେ ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଛି ।
Glossary
Oft : often (ଅନେକରିବା)
Vacant : not thinking of anything in particular (ଶୂନ୍ୟ)
Pensive : sad and thoughtful (ଦୁଃଖ ଏବଂ ଚିନ୍ତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
flash upon : ଚମକି ଉଠିବା
inward eye: here it means the mind that contemplates imagination not the eye proper that only sees (ଆଭ୍ୟନ୍ତରୀଣ ଚକ୍ଷୁ)
bliss : great joy (ସୁଖ)
solitude: the state of loneliness (ଏକାକୀ)
They flash …. solitude : The poet was in a happy mood in the jocund company of the waves and flowers. That was the experience of the ‘outer eyes’ but that of the ‘inward eye’ was more joyful. The feeling of sympathy with the waves and the flowers and to the breeze in their glee and the Wordsworthian emotion recollected in tranquillity expressed ‘in themselves’ — A. C. Bradley
bliss of solitude : Solitude is a recurrent theme in Wordsworth’s poetry. Here it means ‘a supreme delight that comes out of loneliness. Coleridge says that ‘inward eye’ should be reserved for higher uses i.e. mental and spiritual delight. He adds that the thoughts and images in this poem are too great for the subject. vide : Biographia Literania. The last stanza is also reminiscent of Wordsworth’s The Solita?Reaper The music in mv heart I bore Long after it was heard no more
Introducing the Poet
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) is perhaps the best-known of all the Romantic poets. He was born in the Lake District, in Cumberland, his love of the English Lakes never left him and remained to the end a major influence in all he wrote. Wordsworth launched his poetic career in a company with S.T. Coleridge; they jointly published Lyrical Ballads. He was one of the greatest poets of the country and of natural life. As a nature poet and a poet willing and able to see the man against a backdrop of nature, he has no equal. He excels at taking one particular moment of experience and conveying it richly with a hint of moral comment. His greatest contribution to English literature was A Return to Nature. His idea of nature is related to the concept of unity, the idea of poetic power, and even his moral beliefs. Nature is seen in many aspects of Wordsworth’s work. At its deepest in ‘The Prelude’, ‘Tintern Abbey’, Nature is seen as possessing a definite mystical bond with man’s spirit. Nature in its moral aspects is seen in poems such as ‘Tintern Abbey’ and especially ‘The Prelude’. Wordsworth became a master of all forms of poetry: narrative verse, ballads, lyrical poems, sonnets, odes, and elegies. He was a conscious, deliberate poet. He had a fine mastery of language. To him, “Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity.”
About the Poem
The title ‘Daffodils ’ is likely to suggest a poem in worshipful praise of the flowers so named. The poem, composed in 1807, is an instance of emotion recollected in tranquillity. ‘Daffodils’ describes the beauty and power of the flowers. More significantly, it is a vivid dramatic record of the poet’s encounter with a charming spectacle of nature. On careful reading, the poem turns out to be a beautiful, dramatic lyric on the poet’s spiritual conversion in the company of Nature. The fact that Wordsworth achieves his purpose in ‘Daffodils’ through the use of simple, spontaneous, yet sweet and forceful language bears witness to his poetic greatness and excellence.
Summary
The poem gives vent to a personal experience. In one of his wanderings, the poet happened to catch sight of a host of golden daffodils fluttering and dancing in the breeze by the side of a lake. They also reminded him of the stars at night in brightness and multitude. They were ‘tossing their heads in sprightly dance’. The waves were dancing too, but the glee of the lovely flowers was far greater than that of the waves. The entire atmosphere was one of joy and this joy swelled the poet’s heart. The sight had also another and a more profound effect on the mind of the poet. In later years, when he was in a pensive mood, the lively picture of the dancing daffodils flashed upon his ‘inward eye’ and filled his mood of solitude with immense joy.
ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାଟି ଏକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ଅନୁଭୂତିକୁ ଭାବପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣଭାବେ ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛି । ଥରେ ବୁଲୁବୁଲୁ କବି ୱାର୍ଡସ୍ୱର୍ଥ ଏକ ହ୍ରଦକୂଳରେ ଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ସୁନେଲି ରଙ୍ଗର ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ୍ ଫୁଲର ସମ୍ଭାର ପବନ ଲହରୀରେ ଦୋଳି ଖେଳୁଥିବାର ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ । ସେହି ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ କବିଙ୍କୁ ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ରାତ୍ରିରେ ଆକାଶରେ ଚିକିମିକି କରୁଥିବା ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ ତାରକାମାନଙ୍କୁ
ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଇଥିଲା । ସେହି ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ହଲାଇ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ନୃତ୍ୟ କଲାଭଳି ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହେଉଥିଲା । ଲହରୀମାଳା ଡେଇଁ ଡେଇଁ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ ହେଁ ଏହି ସୁନ୍ଦର ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଆନନ୍ଦ ତା’ଠାରୁ ଅନେକ ଗୁଣରେ ଅଧିକ ଥିଲା । ସମଗ୍ର ପରିବେଶ ଆନନ୍ଦବିଭୋର ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦ କବିଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟକୁ ଉଦ୍ବେଳିତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେହି ଦୃଶ୍ୟ କବିଙ୍କ ମନରେ ଆଉ ଏକ ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥିଲା । ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଜୀବନରେ କବିଙ୍କ ମନ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭରିଯାଇଥିଲା, ନୃତ୍ୟରତା ଡାଫୋଡ଼ିଲ ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସୁନ୍ଦର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ଅନ୍ତଃଚକ୍ଷୁ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ଭାସିଯାଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ
ତାଙ୍କ ନିରୋଳା ମନରେ ଆନନ୍ଦ ଭରି ଦେଇଥିଲା ।
Read More:
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 1 Indian Children Speak Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Pre-Reading Activity:
Very often we fall to understand each other. This happens especially when we are prejudiced against each other. To understand the other we need to develop a positive attitude. How would you react if you are described as just the opposite of what really you are? What can you do to clear the misunderstanding? Now read the poem below to see how the speaker tries to clear one such misunderstanding of some white people about the Red Indian children.
Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
When you read the poem, you come across such names as Pansy, Delores, Ramon and Joe Henry. How can you describe them together.
Answer:
They are all Red Indian children.
Question 2.
Throughout the poem the phrase ‘people said’ has been repeated. Who are these people?
Answer:
These people are the white people.
Question 3.
What does moon-coloured dress refer to?
Answer:
It is bright, yellowish-white coloured dress.
Question 4.
Are the Indian children really dumb? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The Indian children are really not dumb. It is because the narrator says, ‘clearly, I hear Delores answer/yes, the sunset is so good,I think God is throwing /Abright show I around the shoulders of the sky.’
Question 5.
Who do you think are rude – the white people or the Indians? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The white people were rude because they say Indian children are heard to reach, they are silent, they are dumb, they have no affection, they don’t seem very bright and they never take other in.
Question 6.
What is the speaker’s attitude towards the Indian children?
Answer:
The speaker is sympathetic and co-operative with the Indian children. His sense of sympathy stands as a sharp contrast with the uncompromising apathy of white men.
Question 7.
How many voices do you hear in this poem? Whose are they?
Answer:
There are three voices – the voice of the speaker the voice of white men and the voice of the Indian children in this poem.
Question 8.
The poem begins with ‘people said’. But towards the end of the poem the speaker says – ‘I have forgotten the idle words that people said’. Does this suggest a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker? Explain
Answer:
This certainly suggests a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker. It is because shedding the age old hackneyed bitter expression of the white man on the Indian children, the speaker switches over to another mood and mind.
Question 9.
What does the speaker convey in the last three lines of the poem?
Answer:
The last three lines are the concluding lines which convey that the speaker has personally parted with the indecent attitude towards the Indian children. He keeps in store in his heart to slip into the heart of Indian Lands and wants for that time to come.
Question 10.
Do you think the Indian children’s view of the world is different from that of the white people’s? How so?
Answer:
The Indian children’s view of the world is certainly different from that of the white people’s. The white people’s view is quite detrimental, command and selfish.
Question 11.
Is the speaker in the poem an American, Indian or a white American? How do you know?
Answer:
The speaker in the poem happens to be an American who makes it explicit in the line of the poem. ‘AndI steeped into the heart ofIndianLand’. This statement proves that the poet is an on-Indian.
Composition:
Question 1.
The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. When then does the poem bear the title ‘Indian children speak’? Examine the appropriateness of the title of the poem.
Answer:
The title of the poem reads ‘Indian children speak’. The very title is suggestive of the voice of the Indian children although the poet himself is not one of the Indian children. The Indian children are the focus point of the poem. They are the pivotal characters around whom the whole edifice of the poem revolver. The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. But the poem bears the title ‘Indian children speak’. The speaker is dissociated from the Indian children and makes an impersonal approachonbehalfoftheIndian children whom he likes and wishes to become apart of them He also desires to forget the idle words the people said and wants to treasure the day when the day when the iron doors swung wide so that he would slip into the heart of Indian land. All these speaks volumes of the question in contest.
Question 2.
There is an undercurrent of irony throughout the poem. Discuss how.
Iron refers to _______________________________________
Now discuss how there is an under current of irony in the poem?
Answer:
There is an under current of irony throughout the poem Irony refers to the expression of one’s meaning by saying something which is the direct opposite of one’s thoughts in order to make one’s remarks forceful.
Activity On Poem Completion:
Fill in the gaps appropriately with the lines given below the text of the incomplete poem ‘Nurses Song’.
Nurses’ Song
When the voices of children are heard on the green
_______________________________________
My hear is at rest without my breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
_______________________________________
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed
Missing Lines:
(i) And the hills are all covered up with sleep.
(ii) And laughing is heard on the hill.
(iii) And, then go home to bed.
(iv) No, no, let us play for it yet day.
(v) Till the morning appears in the skies.
Answer:
When the voices of children are heard on the green
And laughing is heard on the hill.
My hear is at rest without by breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
And the hills are all coverup with sleep.
And, then go home to bed.
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
Till the morning appears in the skies
Well, well go and play till the fight fades away.
‘No, no, letus play, for it is yet day’
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed
And all the hills echoed.
It is said that Indian children are hard to teach. They should not be expected to talk. One day a short and fat little boy said that the moon had gone all the way with him the previous night. It is said that Indian children are very silent and their works are ‘yes’ or ‘no’. But the ragged pansy confused softly and said that his dress was old but at night the moon was kind when he wore a beautiful moon, colored dress. It is again said that Indian children are dumb. They hardly make any replay. He clearly hears Delores answer. The sunset is so good that he thinks God is throwing a bright shawl around the shoulders in the sky. However, it is also said that Indian children have no affection. They just don’t care for anyone. Then he feels that Ramon’s hand and hears him whisper. A wild animal races in me since his mother sleeps under the ground. Whether it will always run and run. It is also said that Indian children are rude. They don’t seem very bright. Then he remembers Joe Henery’sremark. The tree is hanging down her head because the sun is staring at her. White people always stare. They do not know it is not polite. It is said that Indian children never take people in. One usually always stands outside their thoughts. He has forgotten the idea words that people said but tree sure the day when iron doors swang wide and he supports into the heart of Indian Land.
Analytical Outlines:
Meaning Of Difficult Words:
stubby – short and thick
ragged – (with clothes) tom (here, refers to someone wearing rags)
dumb – speechless, mute, here stupid, unintelligent
shawl – loose square cloth worn over the shoulders or head by women.
confided – told a secret.
Read More:
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Section-I
Questions For Discussion
Question 1.
Why was the narrator always hesitant to give advice?
Answer:
The narrator has always hesitated to give advice because how can one advise another how to act unless one knows that other is as well as one knows oneself?
Question 2.
“Each of us is a prisoner in a solitary town How does this statement reflect on human life?
Answer:
Everybody is in shackles. Man is not free. All human beings are like creatures in bondage and he is unable to take any independent decisions.
Question 3.
Does the paragraph logically lead to the story? Where do you find the connection?
Answer:
Yes, the paragraph is logically connected which leads to the story, “Life in a difficult ‘ business…provides the clue.
Question 4.
Why did Stephens meet the narrator? What made him do so?
Answer:
Stephens had come to meet the narrator of the story to know whether any English doctor has worked in Spain. He did so because the narrator had written a book on that.
Question 5.
What impression do you form about Stephens from his account of life at Camberwell? Is he happy with it?
Answer:
Stephens was a doctor who had been brought up by two old aunts. He was poor and had been married six years ago. He had no children.
Question 6.
Why does he want to go to Spain?
Answer:
There was no English doctor in Spain and the present lifestyle which he did not relish made him want to go to Spain.
Question 7.
Would you call him a romantic? Give reasons for our Answers
Answer:
Themainwasromantic who gave more emphasis on emotion without thinking about the fixture.
Question 8.
What does the narrator suggest to Stephens finally?
Answer:
The narrator finally suggested Stephensifhe did not want money and was content to earn just enough to keep body and soul together, he should go. Because he would lead a wonderful life.
Vocabulary
Derive adjectives from the following:
| wonder | Spain |
| habit | absence |
| hesitate | confidence |
| emotion | thought |
| occasion | book |
| difficulty | silence |
| satisfaction | apology |
| quickly | laugh |
| practice | preciously |
| feet | marriage |
| mind | force |
| knowledge | face |
| information | hair |
| money |
Answer:
Words – AdjectiveForms
wonder – wonderful
habit – habitual
hesitate – hesitant
emotion – emotional
occasion – occasional
difficulty – difficult
satisfaction – satisfactory
quickly – quick
practice – practical
feet – factual
mind – mental
knowledge – knowledgeable
information – informative
thought – thoughtful
book – bookish
Spain – Spanish
silence – silent
absence – absent
confidence – confident
apology – apologetic
laugh – laughable
preciously – precise
marriage – marital
force – forcible
face – facial
hair – hairy
money – monetary
Section -II
Questions For Discussion
Question 1.
What change in place and time do you find in this section of the story?
Answer:
There is a change in place and time in this section of the story. The doctor has shifted to Spain and the time gap is around fifteen years.
Question 2.
Why does Stephens refuse to accept fees from the narrator? Do his words acknowledge his gratitude for the right suggestion of the narrator given to him years ago?
Answer:
Stephens refused to accept fees from the narrator as a token gesture of gratitude for the right suggestion the narrator had given to him a year ago.
Question 3.
What impression would you get about Stephens from his changed appearance
Spain?
Answer:
The changed appearance of Stephen in Spain suggests that he has become fit and bold. There is a sea change in his physical body politics.
Question 4.
In which context does Stephens say, “life is full of compensation’? What light does it draw on his character?
Answer:
When the narrator asked that he was married Stephens expressed his sorrow to say about his wife who did not like Spain and went back to Camberwell where she felt homely. He said, ’’Life is full of comprehension. This makes clear that Stephens had accepted the gains and losses of life.
Question 5.
Does the concluding passage reveal an attitude toward life? What kind of attitude
would you call it?
Answer:
The concluding passage of the story reveals an attitude toward life. It tells the man to earn just enough money to keep body and soul together.
Question 6.
Where does happiness lie in the word of the protagonist?
Answer:
According to the protagonist, happiness lies in earning just enough money to keep the body and soul together, and in enjoying life being poor.
Question 7.
Does the narrator favor a life of emancipation from conventionalities and stereotypes?
Answer:
The narrator favors a life of emancipation from the conventionalities and stereotypes of life warranting man together self and riches. But the narrator tells that one can enjoy life being poor.
Question 8.
Which one of the following do you find in Stephens that most appropriately
characterize him?
(a) a cynical attitude
(b) a pleasure-loving temperament
(c) morbidity born of frustrations
(d) A quest for freedom from conventions
Answer:
(d)Aquest for freedom from conventions
Question 9.
Can you guess what could happen if his wife had not deserted him?
Answer:
He could not have been free to go to Spain.
Question 10.
Can you call him “TheHappyMan”? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
He is “The Happy Man” because he is quite free and he enjoys life even in being poor. He does not run after money.
Questions For Composition
Question 1.
…………………. but by heaven I’ve enjoyed myself. I could not exchange the life I have had with that of any kind in the world”. Make a critical estimate ofStephensin the light of the given statement.
Answer:
The short story’s happy man” is written by William Somerset Maugham, an eminent and outstanding storyteller. He has written more than 100 stories. However, his stories express a realistic portrait of the degenerated society given to selfish pleasure and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompasses a large area of human experience. In this light, Maugham’s story is superb and fantastic. It is really, the most typical story fall is a collection. However, the present story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy of a happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective.
What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment, but an abandonment of took-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. In him is there a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. Yet the undertone of irony is apparent to the discerning reader. However, Stephens, following the suggestions of the narrator decided to stay in Spain. He went there at last. His wife did not back to Camberwell where she was even more Homely. But he enjoyed his work in Spain. He was very fat and bold. But his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor.
The clothes he wore were terribly shabby. He earned just enough money to keep his body and soul together, but he should lead a wonderful life. Poor has he been and poor shall he always be, but by heaven, he has enjoyed himself. He says emphatically that he would not exchange the life he had with that of any king of the world. As a matter of feet, Maugham’s treatment of life through Stephens is most fascinating and heart-touching Maugham is, in fact, a keen observer of human attitude, on the whole, he has tried his level best to depict a full-fledged manner. Therefore, the way he has portrayed Stephens is superb and fantastic.
Question 2.
Critically comment on the title of the story.
Answer:
The short story“The happy man” is undoubtedly the best typical masterpiece of William Somerset Maugham, a prominent and outstanding storyteller of the twentieth century. Maugham is a prolific writer writing novels, short stories, plays, etc. in one. Hismasteryto provides appropriate titles to his writings is really outstanding. He has written more than 100 short stories. All these are repleted with a realistic portrait of the selfish pleasure and hedonism of society. However, the title of the work of art must be apt and suggestive. It should be precise, concise, and condensed.
Its motto should be to communicate reality vehemently. It should be just like a gorgeous, colorful signboard. It also speaks out the contents, of the shop from its very appearance. The titles are expressive of the contents of the work of art. The story, here, tells us about the life of a man who happens to be the happiest. However, Stephens comes to the narrator to know whether it would be better to go to Spain as a doctor. His future was involved in it and the narrator suggested to him that he had to earn just enough money to keep his body and soul together. He, however, decided to go there. But he was married. His wife did not cooperate with him. She never likes Spain and went back to Camberwellwhere she felt homely.
Stephens went alone and lived there happily. He led a wonderful life there. Poorhehadbeen and enjoyed himself like anything. He would not exchange the life he had with that of any kind in the world. The last lines of the story are themselves expressive of the feet that the protagonist of the story “TheHappyMan” has. The title bears the justification for the right caption of the story. As a matter of fact, the title of the story is most appropriate and suggestive. The way Maugham justified Stephens as the happiest man is really superb, alluring, elevating, and excellent.
Vocabulary
Derive nouns forms the following:
| excavate | crucial |
| lovely | cruel |
| monumental | casual |
| interesting | occasional |
| arrogant | perceptive |
| expect | deceive |
| ideological | receive |
| rigorous | credulous |
| logical | rival |
Answer:
| Words | Noun forms |
| excavate | excavation |
| expect | expectation |
| lovely | love |
| ideological | ideology |
| monumental | monument |
| rigorous | rigorousness |
| interesting | interest |
| logical | logic |
| arrogant | arrogance |
| crucial | independence |
| cruel | cruelty |
| casual | casualty |
| occasional | occasion |
| perceptive | perception |
| deceive | deceit/deception |
| receive | receipt |
| credulous | credulity |
| rival | rivalry |
Grammar
Supply suitable articles:
1. He is_________ M.A
Answer:
He is an M.A
2. I drank________ cup red tea.
Answer:
I drank a cup of red tea
3. I have not seen such_______ temple.
Answer:
I have not seen such a temple
4. He is_____ eunuch.
Answer:
He is a eunuch.
5. The cow is_______useful animal.
Answer:
The cow is a useful animal.
6. I covered_____half a mile.
Answer:
I covered a half mile
7. He is ______washerman.
Answer:
He is a washerman.
8. He is_______honourable man.
Answer:
He is an honorable man.
9. She is__________M.L.A.
Answer:
She is an M.L.A.
10. He is_______M.P.
Answer:
He is an M.P
11. Gopalis________beggar.
Answer:
Gopal is a beggar.
12. I saw_________tiger.
Answer:
I saw a tiger
13. ________cow is auseful animal.
Answer:
A cow is a useful animal.
14. _______poor should be helped.
Answer:
The poor should be helped.
15. He is _______one-eyed man.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed man.
16. Hari is___farmer.
Answer:
Hari is a farmer.
17. Give me____umbrella.
Answer:
Give me an umbrella.
18. She saw_______tiger_______forest.
Answer:
She saw a tiger in a forest
19. ______brave should be rewarded.
Answer:
A brave should be rewarded
20. What__________big temple.
Answer:
What a big temple.
21. There was______little water in the glass.
Answer:
There was a little water in the glass.
22. Rambabu is______ readerin English.
Answer:
Rambabu is a reader of English
23. ______universities cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.
Answer:
A university cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.
24. Give me __________ half kilo potato.
Answer:
Give me a half kilo of potato.
25. ___________ few people were present in the meeting.
Answer:
A few people were present at the meeting.
26. I like _________ red wine with lunch.
Answer:
I like a red wine with lunch.
27. London is_________ city.
Answer:
London is a city.
28. We electedhim as__________ M.L.A.
Answer:
We elected him as an M.L.A.
29. __________Ramayan is_______ famous epic.
Answer:
The Ramadan is a famous epic.
30. I shall backin__________hour.
Answer:
I shall be back in an hour.
31. I read_________Prajatantra every day.
Answer:
I read the Prajatantra every day.
32. He is holding________umbrella.
Answer:
He is holding an umbrella
33. He is__________ one – eyed.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed.
34. I like thebeauty of__________ Himalayas.
Answer:
I like the beauty of the Himalayas
35. ___________elephant is a strong animal.
Answer:
An elephant is a strong animal.
36. I like to give_________ useful present.
Answer:
I like to give a useful present.
37. London is in _________ Thames.
Answer:
London is in the Thames.
38. Is there_______ school in this town?
Answer:
Is there a school in this town?
39. He is__________ principalofour college.
Answer:
He is the principal of our college.
40. He is________lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.
41. _________Mahanadi is the longest river of Odisha.
Answer:
The Mahanadi is the longest river in Odisha.
42. He is__________ lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.
43. I saw_______ snake and_______ snake rushed towards me.
Answer:
I saw a snake and the snake rushed towards me.
44. I went by_________ Konark Express.
Answer:
I went by the Konark Express.
45. She is___________ actress.
Answer:
She is an actress.
46. I like________ mangoes you eat.
Answer:
I like the mangoes you eat.
47. He is speaking like __________ Kalidas.
Answer:
He is speaking like a Kalidas.
48. She is________ mostbeautiful womanofour village.
Answer:
She is the most beautiful woman in our village.
49. He is____________first person to come.
Answer:
He is the first person to come.
50. There was__________ temple.
Answer:
There was a temple.
51. Sitais swimmingin __________ pond.
Answer:
Sita is swimming in thepond.
52. He aremaking__________union.
Answer:
He is making a union.
53. _______ Gita is_________ sacred book.
Answer:
The Gita is a sacred book.
54. He is________ European.
Answer:
He is a European
55. It is _________ great honor to be invited to the ceremony.
Answer:
It is a great honor to be invited to the ceremony
56. _________ I have a glass of milk.
Answer:
Could I have a glass of milk?
57. I _________ be twenty on my next birthday.
Answer:
I will be twenty on my next birthday.
58. Why_________ women be paid less than men for doing the same?
Answer:
Why should women be paid less than men for doing the same?
59. I________wear a coat today it is quite warm.
Answer:
I need not wear a coat today it is quite warm.
60 __________ I close the door.
Answer:
Shall I close the door?
61. It mayrain you_________ carryan umbrella.
Answer:
It may rain you should carry an umbrella.
62. It is late. You __________ go to bed.
Answer:
It is late. You should go to bed.
63. You_______hurry, there is enough time.
Answer:
You need not hurry, there is enough time
64. __________ you lend me your pen, please.
Answer:
Could you lend me your pen, please
65. India_________ take active steps to reduce population growth.
Answer:
India should take active steps to reduce population growth.
66. _______ you open the window, please?
Answer:
Could you open the window, please?
67. I am afraid the weather____________not improve for another two or three days.
Answer:
I am afraid the weather might not improve for another two or three days
68. You________respect your teacher.
Answer:
You should respect your teacher.
69. ________you stand on your hands.
Answer:
Can you stand on your hands?
70. After four he______ write well.
Answer:
After four he could write well.
71. __________ you lend me Rs 50?
Answer:
Could you lend me Rs 50?
Section-I
Pre-reading activity:
You might have at times thought about who a happy man is. What do you think brings happiness to one’s life?
(i) It is something related to wealth and material comforts.
(ii) Or is it purely a state of mind, with nothing much to do with one’s financial status or social or social position?
(iii) Does it he in a life of adventure and romance, a life of freedom and carefree enjoyment away who is a happy man?
Notes On The Writer:
William SomersetMaugham(1874-1965) is a prolific writer of the twentieth century having to his credit about 17 novels, 32 plays, more than 100 short stories, two travelogues, and two treatises containing his views of life and literature. Amonghisnovels “OfHumanBondage”. “The Moon and Six Pence” “The Printed VeilCakes and” and ‘The Razor’s Edge” have earned him critical acclaim.
His novels, plays, and short stories give a realistic portrait of a degenerate society, a society given to selfish pleasures and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompassing a larger area of human experience. Most of them depicted the crumbling of the institution of marriage, which has almost become a tightrope around the neck of the spouse’s affair, such indulgences often leading to promiscuity. With deft and dexterous use of irony and satire, his vision grows from a study of the wider spectrum of life to an affirmation of its meaning at the individual level.
The Story:
A careful reading of the story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective. What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment but an abandonment of taken-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. Intimate there is a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. You have the undertone of irony apparent to the discerning reader.
GIST:
Paragraph -1
It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others and it has been often a wonder that the politicians, reforms, and such like who are prepared to force upon their fellow measures that must alter their manners, habits, and points of view making a strong confidence in this regard. The thoughts and emotions of the neighbors can only be guessed. Life is a difficult business and it is found hard enough to make a complete and rounded thing.
GIST:
Paragraphs (2-3)
The narrator was a young man who lived in a modem apartment in London near Victoria Station. Late one afternoon, when he was beginning to think he had worked enough for that day, he heard a ring at the bell. He opened the doorto atotal stranger. He asked the narrator’s name. He asked to come in and he did it instantly. He led the stranger to his sitting room and told him to sit down. He seemed a trifle embarrassed. He also offered him cigarettes.
Gist:
Paragraphs (4-10)
The stranger said that his name was Stephens and he was a doctor. He said that the has read a book by the narrator about Spain and he wanted to ask him about that. The book is not so good. The fact remains that he knows something about there’s no one else who knew it so well. He was silent for a movement. He reached out for his seat and held. It is one hand absentmindedly stroking it with the other. He surmised that it gave him confidence.
Gist:
Paragraphs – (11-12)
He was brought up by two old aunts. He has never been anywhere. He has been married for six years. He has no children. He is a medical officer at the Camberwell Infirmary. There was something very striking in the short, sharp sentences he used. They heard a force bring. He had ’ not given him more than a cursory glance, but then looked at him with curiosity. He was a little man. thick-set and stout of thirty perhaps, with around red face from which store small, dark, and very bright eyes. His black hair was cropped close to a bullet-shaped head. He was dressed in a blue suit a good deal the worse for wear.
Gist:
Paragraphs – (13-22)
He again said that I must know what the duties of a medical officer in an infirmary are! One day is much like another and that’s all he has got to look forward for the root of his life. The narrator said that it was a means of livelihood; the one is pretty good and interrogated whether he thought there would be any change for an English doctor in Spain.
He continued that it was not like caramels, but there was sunshine, good wine, and color and there is the air you can breathe. He said that he heard by accident that there was no English doctor in service. It could be foolish on his part to give a good safe job for an uncertainty. His wife was also willing to his leaving the house. The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life. He left him.
Analytical Outlines
Meaning Of Difficult Words
flounder – to stumble, to thinking or speaking
confidence – reliance, trust
modest – humble, bashful
embarrassed – immediately, on the spur of the moment
stroked – disheartened, distressed
instantly – blow, an attach, abeat of pulse
surmised – doubted
glance – look
curiosity – anxious to learn, inquisition
stout – strong, robust
cropped – produced
pretty – beautiful, pleasing
interrogate – to question, to examine
infirmary -a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick
carmen – an opera(1 875) by George Bizet.
Section -II
Gist:
Paragraphs – (23-25)
Fifteen years passed by. The narrator happened to be in service and having some trifling indication asked the hotel porter whether there wasinEnglishdoctorinthe town. He said positive and gave him the address. He took a cab and when he reached the house, a little fat man came out of it. He hesitated when he caught sight of the narrator explaining his purpose and the doctor asked him to go in.
He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, with a patio and his consulting room which led out of it was littered with papers, books, medical appliances, and lumber. They finished the business and he asked the doctor what his fee was. The doctor shook his head and smiled. He said that there was no fee. He asked the narrator whether he remembered why the doctor had been there. It was because of something he had once said to him. His life changed only for the narrator, the doctor admitted. He said he was Stephens.
Paragraphs (26 – 28)
The narrator had forgotten all about it. He had not the least notion of what he was talking about. He remembered him of their interview and the narrator after a lot of thinking recalled the matter. Stephens did not believe he could get a chance to have sight of the narrator to give thanks to him for what he had done for him. The narrator looked at him. He was very fat and bold, his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor. The clothes he wore were terribly shabby.
Gist:
Paragraphs (29-33)
The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married. Stephens replied in negative. Hardly and Stephens replied when a Spanish woman, no longer in her first youth, but still boldly and voluptuously beautiful appeared at the door. She spoke to him in Spanish and the narrator believed that she might have been theirs. of the house.
As he stood at the door to let the narrator out he said that later told him when he saw him lost that the former would go to Spainhe should earn enough money just to keep body and soul together but he should live a wonderful life. And the narrator was perfectly right. He has been and will be poor but he has enjoyed life to the brim.
Analytical Outlines
Meaning Ofdifficult Words
trifle – unimportant
indisposition – un arrangement, un distribution, unplanned
porter – doorkeeper, a coolie
cab – covered four or two-wheeled carriage cabriolet
hesitate – to stop making a decision
litter – to cover with strew, to bring forth
appliances – instruments used for some special-purpose
lumber – a useful article, furniture stored away.
errand – business, purpose
patio – courtyard
admit – allow to enter
twinkle – to blink, to glitter, to shine
shabby – mean, low, paltry
boldly – courageously, daringly
sombrero – Aman’s hat with every wide brim which sowed especially in Mexico.
dissipated – drunken
voluptuously – luxuriously sensual
silenus – any group of forest spirits similar to stars but having the legs of horses.
Read More:
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.
Activity -1
Relation Between Parts of a Text:
If you are asked to divide the lesson into 5 sections in order to make notes, where possibly could you draw the lines separating the sections?
Write the paragraph number and the last word of the paragraph after which you will start a new section. Suggest a title for each section.
Answer:
Section- 1: Paragraph-1 …………… harmful
Title: Old Fashioned Remedies for Cold
Section- 2: Paragraphs – 2-4 …………avoided
Title: Morphine, Codeine and Papaverine as Remedies.
Section- 3: Paragraphs 5-6 ………… cold
Title: What The Scientists Studied.
Section- 4: Paragraphs 7-8 ………………..complications
Title: Opium Derivatives and Bed Rest.
Section- 5: Paragraph-9 ……………………..before
Title: Hot Baths and Cold Measurement
Activity – 2
Summary skill:
Of the following six statements only three are main points of the passage. Identify them:
(i) Many widely advertised cures and home remedies for cold are worthless or harmful
(ii) Students treated with sugar tablets showed little improvement.
(iii) Neither vaccines, nor vitamins and any other dietary measures prevent cold.
(iv) Nasal drops and sprays are found to be dangerous.
(v) Staying in bed for the duration of the cold was the only remedy that showed any result.
Activity-3
Comprehension:
Question 1.
The second paragraph possesses a question, what is it?
Answer:
The question is: Is there any remedy, then, of value in the treatment of colds?
Question 2.
What answer does the writer suggest?
Answer:
The writer says that there is scarcely any viable alternative for the treatment of common cold. However, there are a good many kinds of medicines which can be administered against cold.
Question 3.
How does the writer establish his answer?
Answer:
The writer picks up names like Morphine, Codeine, Papaverine combination, quinine hot water, air and stream baths were used as common therapies for cold but not as permanent cures.
Question 4.
What further recommendations did the writer make?
Answer:
The writer also brought out the names of different experts such as Dr. Russell Cecil, Dr. FitzHutter, De Quineeywhose findings were the best recommendations in the treatment of cold.
Activity – 4
Sequence In an Experiment:
What are the steps of the experiments mentioned in paragraph 4 and 5? Rearrange the steps given below in proper order:
(i) Record the health conditions of the patients at regular intervals.
(ii) Record initial health conditions of all the patients.
(iii) Compare the health conditions of the experiments group with that of the control group.
(iv) Prepare dummy to mixture.
(v) Draw inference after analysis of findings.
(vi) Divide the patients into experimental and control groups.
(vii) Select sample patients.
(viii) Prepare Codeine- Papaverine mixture.
Activity -5
Composition:
In this part of the country Tulsi leaves with honey are considered remedies for common cold. If you have to conduct an investigation to ascertain the truth of this belief, how will you organise the experiment? You can take clues from the reading passage and write down the steps of your proposed experiment.
Activity – 6
Remedial Grammar:
Morphine (which is) a derivative of opium, showed excellent results. (Paragraph – 3)
This preparation (which is) common called copavin, is not advertised to the public (Paragraph- 5)
In these sentences you have seen examples of non-defining relative clauses. Such clauses are separated from the main clauses with the help of commas. Secondly, the relative pronoun (like ‘which) and the ‘be’ verb can be omitted. The relative clauses without the relative pronoun and the ‘be’ verb are called the reduced relative clause. Similar reduction is possible in defining relative clauses also. Now reduce the relative clauses in the following sentences:
(a) They stood on the bridge which was connecting Cuttack with Jagatpur.
(b) The girl who is standing at the bus stop over there is my sister.
(c) The weapon that was used in the murder has been found.
(d) The boys who are being chosen for the college team are all under 18.
(e) The wooden beams which were holding up the roof have been damaged.
Activity – 7
Remedial Grammar:
1. Nasal congestion and stillness are reduced.
2. It was found that powered opium and Dover’s powder were beneficial.
3. The progress of the cold seemed to be arrested.
4. Commercial remedies are still sold.
In scientific tests were offer to see the examples of passive sentences. Whatever reduced nasal congestion, whoever found it out are unimportant in the first two sentences above. Similarly, we get examples of get-passive and have-passive scientific texts e.g.
When the boy gets chilled ___________.
I had my eyes tested.
Now rewrite the following sentences using passive structures like have/get + v + past participle.
The first one has been done for you.
1 . Our houses looked ugly. Its paint was pelling off.
So we got /had it painted.
2. Raman’s watch book. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So _____________
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So _____________
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown flourished and a wall fell down.
So _____________
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol. But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So _____________
Answer:
2. Raman’s watch broke. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So he had it repaired.
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So she got it washed.
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown of four shed and a wall fell down.
So we had it rebuilt.
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So he got it repaired.
Section – A
New look at the little of the first passage. “Cures for The Common Cold.” What possible cures can you think of? Do you know that science has not yet brought us a cure for this disease? However, the quest continues to find a possible remedy, can you guess any home remedy that may cure common cold?
Now go through the text quickly and see if you guess right. You have only two minutes to do so. Read the text again and identify the cures that have been short-listed.
Section – B
In section A we read about a sequence of experiments to find a cure for the common cold. In Section B we shall read about a different kind of experiment whose purpose is to find out the types of human blood. What’s more interesting, you can learn how to determine your blood type as well as that of others.
Cures for the common cold comprise general skepticism. Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year. Obsolete cures like asafetida and camphor are not longer in vogue and popular remedies like vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications and other drugs have substituted them. Advertised remedies now available in the market sometimes prove worthless and harmful. There is absolutely to effective prevention of the common cold. Morphine which is a derivative of opium showed excellent results, but was rejected on account of its danger. But some other derivatives of opium which are less toxic and carry no practical danger of habituation proved to be definitely valuable. Codline and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute colds.
The codlin-papaverine combination proved to be, after Morphine, the most valuable of all cold medications. A preparation, consisting of one quarter grain of codeine and one quarter of grain of papaverine was finally selected as the most effective dosage. The main efficacy was a marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge. Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication. Had they remained in bed while using it is probable that even better result have been obtained. This preparation commonly called copavin, is not advertised to the public. But it is available through physicians who should decide when and in what dosage it should be used. Dr. Russel CecilofNew York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna, both found that the codeine, paparine mixture was particularly beneficial if used by their patients at the very beginning of the affection.
Dr. Quincy, in his “Confessions” wrote that during the years in which he had taken opium he “never once caught cold, one the phrase in nor even the slightest cough. But after discontinuing the use of opium, a violent cold attacked me and a cough soon after.” Less effective, but still of moderate value were several other opium derivatives. In addition to codeine and papaverine it was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial. Quinine also came to be included in this group of moderately valuable medications. In the end, certain general hygienic measures are helpful in the treatment of colds. Going to bed and remaining there until recovery is good advice.
The value of bed rest lies in protecting others from exposure, in necessary general resistance and in keeping the body warm. Hot baths for the treatment of colds may consist of hot water, hot air stream. The effect of these baths is to dialate the blood vessels of the skin and to increase blood flow through them. As a result, nasal congestion and stiffness are reduced. Other effects may be obtained with message of or other forms of physiotherapy, with hot or cold compresses, mustard plasters and certain, medicated ointments. If such treatments are followed by rest in bed with sufficient covers to prevent cooling, the effect is prolonged and the possibility of their being more than temporary benefit is increased.
Analytical Outlines:
Meaning Of Difficult Words:
remedies – panaceas: ways and means of cure.
in vogue – in prevalence, in operation
investigation – searching or examining carefully, enquiry into a matter.
uniformly – identically, almost the same, equally
distinct – distinguished, different, separate
discarded – cast off rejected, thrown away, not accepted
one- quarter- one-fourth something
De Quincey – Thomas De Quincey (1 785 – 59), English essayist and critic famous for “Confession of an English Opium- eater”, fascinating memories of distinguished by great imaginative power and splendid prose.
Octean – Jean Octean (1 889 – 1963) French poet, novelist, dramatist, film writer and director who was in the vanguard of almost every experimental artistic movement of the 20th century.
Read More:
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 The Doctor’s Word Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Unit I
Gist :
Dr. Raman was a veteran doctor. He was the epitome of truth. Therefore, the patients gave much importance to his opinion. Dr. Raman was averse to giving mere opinion. Instead, he gave his opinion after testing. The patient’s life depended on what he said. He was cool in the treatment of his patients. He did not like to assure them saying soothing words. A glimpse of the least sign of hope made Dr. Raman prepare to work. Once he treated his patient, he never looked back. The patients visited Dr. Raman when they were hopeless. They did not come earlier for the sake of paying him visiting fee of twenty-five rupees.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ସତ୍ୟର ଉପାସକ ଥିଲେ । ସେଥିପାଇଁ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଉପରେ ଦେବା ସହ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ମଧ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର କଥା ଉପରେ ରୋଗୀର ଜୀବନ ନିର୍ଭର କରୁଥିଲା । ସେ ବହୁତ ଥଣ୍ଡା ମିଜାଜରେ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ସାର୍ଚ୍ଚନାମୂଳକ କଥା କହି ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭରସା ଦେବାକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁନଥିଲେ । ଶେଷ ଆଶା ଥିଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେ ମଧ୍ଯ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କର ସେବା ଓ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରୁଥିଲେ । ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବା ପରେ ସେ ରୋଗୀକୁ ନବଞ୍ଚାଇ ଛାଡୁନଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଆଶାହୀନ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲେ, ସେମାନେ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆସୁଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଆଗରୁ ଆସୁ ନ ଥିଲେ ଯେହେତୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରିବାର ଫିସ୍ ୨୫ ଟଙ୍କା ଥିଲା ।
Glossary :
on his last legs : weak and likely to collapse(ଶେଷ ଅବସ୍ଥା)
obvious: clear(ପରିଷ୍କାର)
shirk: avoid (ଏଡ଼େଇବା)
ominous: inauspicious(ଅଶୁଭ)
association: companion( ସାହଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ)
quick: fast(ନ ନେଇ ପାରିବା ଅବସ୍ଥା)
wavering: indecision, to be unable to take decision
whitewashing: hiding somebody’s errors or unpleasant facts (ସତ୍ୟ ଲୁଚାଇବା) ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା
bred: ପୋଷ୍ୟ
curt: short (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ)
dope: hope (ଆଶା)
glimpsed: saw faintly
faintest: କ୍ଷୀଣତମ
sign: ଚିହ୍ନ
rolled up his sleeve: prepared to work (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଉଥିଲେ )
stepped: arrived (ପହଞ୍ଚୁଥିଲେ)
truthfulness: ସତ୍ୟତା
reason: କାରଣ
opinion: ମତାମତ
valued: much attention is paid (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଉଥୁଲା )
mere : କେବଳ
pronounce a verdict: declaring a decision (ରାୟ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବା)
hung : ଝୁଣ୍ଟିବା
unduly: ଅଯଥା
agreeable words: pleasant words(ସୁଖକର କଥା)
arena: ମଞ୍ଚ
withdrew: retreated ( ପଛଘୁଞ୍ଚା ଦେଉଥିଲେ )
wrested: took violently from a person’s grasp (ମଲ୍ଲୟୁଦ୍ଧ)
the prize: (here) life of the patient (ପୁରସ୍କାର)
Yama: Hindu God of departed spirits (ୟାମା)
Think it out:
Question 1.
Why did the patients visit Dr. Raman only when they were hopeless?
Answer:
The patients visited Dr. Raman only when they were in a critical condition. The doctorasked them why they had not come much before. The reasons were not far to seek. The patients were not willing to pay him visiting fee of twenty-five rupees so early. Besides, they did not feel the necessity of going to the doctor unless they found themselves in a hopeless stage. For them, there was something dangerous to be in the presence of Dr. Raman, because he promptly diagonised the patient.
Question 2.
What impression of Dr. Raman do you get from the passage?
Answer:
Dr. Raman is loyal to his profession in word and spirit. He knows well that a patient’s life depends on his words. He diagonises the patients promptly. He was decisive to the core. He doesn’t like to hide anything concerning the patient. Truthfulness is Dr. Raman’s forte. His short, sharp response to the patient’s condition is a case in point. He sticks to human values. He knows that soothing words cannot save the lives of patients. Dr. Raman doesn’t like hide anything from the patients. He waits till his patients recover.
Unit II
Gist :
Dr. Raman felt restless when he found his bosom friend Gopal in a critical condition. He walked down the memory lane. Forty years had elapsed. Their friendship had been kept intact. Family and profession hindered their meetings in a great measure. At times they dined together, went to the cinema and shared each other’s life and activities. Changing times, circumstances and activities had no effect on their friendship. It was excellent one. They had no contact for the last three months now. The sight of Gopal’s son sitting on a bench in the consulting room made him remember his friend. Dr. Raman talked to him and came to know about his friend’s illness.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ଜାଣିଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳ ଗୁରୁତର ଭାବେ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇଛି, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ବିଚଳିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସେ ଦୀର୍ଘ ଚାଳିଶ ବର୍ଷର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵର ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ । ପରିବାର ଓ ବୃତ୍ତି ତାଙ୍କ ମିଳନରେ ବାଧକ ସାଜିଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେମାନେ ଏକାଠି ଖାଉଥିଲେ, ଏକାଠି ସିନେମା ଯାଉଥୁଲେ ଏବଂ ପରସ୍ପରର ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସୁଖରେ ଅଂଶୀଦାର ହେଉଥିଲେ । ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵ ଉପରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇ ପାରି ନଥିଲା । ତିନିମାସ ହେଲା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ କୌଣସି ଯୋଗାଯୋଗ ହୋଇପାରି ନ ଥିଲା । ଗୋପାଳର ପୁଅଠାରୁ ସେ ଗୋପାଳର ଅସୁସ୍ଥତା ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ ।
Glossary :
soothing : comforting (ଆଶ୍ୱାସନାଭରା )
lies: falsehood (ମିଛ)
mopped: cleaned ( ସଫା କଲେ/ପୋଛିଲେ )
brow: forehead (କପାଳ)
kerchief: କିର୍ଚିଫ୍
beside: ପାଖରେ
dearest: most imtimate (ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ)
kindergarten days: ସ୍କୁଲ ଦିନରୁ
of course: ଅବଶ୍ୟ
wrapped: ଗୁଡ଼ାଇ
dine: ଭୋଜନ
classic friendship: excellent friendship (ଉତ୍ତମ ବନ୍ଧୁତା)
untouched: ଅସ୍ପୃଶ୍ୟ
circumstances: ପରିସ୍ଥିତି
crowded: ଭିଡ଼
got up: ଉଠିପଡିଲି
youth: ଯୁବକ
shy: ଲାଜୁଆ
Think it out
Question 1.
How does the writer describe the friendship between Dr. Raman and Gopal?
Answer:
The writer says that the friendship between Dr. Raman and Gopal spans forty years. It goes back to their school days. Family and profession have made their meetings infrequent. At times on a Sunday, Gopal waits patiently for Dr. Raman in the consulting room till the latter is free. They spend the day in dinning, going to the cinema and sharing each other’s life and activities. Their friendship that still remains untouched by changing times, circumstances and activities is an excellent one.
Question 2.
How did Dr. Raman come to know about Gopal’s illness?
Answer:
Hectic schedule had led Dr. Raman to forget his friend’s failure to call him in for three months. This fact occurred to him when he noticed his friend’s son sitting on a bench in the consulting room. It was one morning packed with patients. At the time moving to the operation room, Dr. Raman enquired of him about the purpose of visit. At that time he came to know about Gopal’s illness.
Unit III
Gist :
Dr. Raman was awfully busy, because it was an operation day. Then the doctor immediately went to his friend’s home and saw Gopal lying in bed. The doctor asked his wife many questions concerning his illness. Dr. Raman wished Gopal’s wife had summoned him earlier. A doctor nearby was treating him. Gopal’s family did not contact Dr. Raman, because they did not want to disturb him unnecessarily. They felt miserable. Dr. Raman started treating his friend without wasting time. He injected Gopal in the presence of the latter’s family members. Dr. Raman sat back in his waiting for the result. Loss of midday meal made him hungry. He went out for his lunch and came back soon. Dr. Raman apprised his friend’s wife of the necessity of operation and sought their son’s assistance. Gopal’s wife felt dizzy.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଡା. ରମଣ ବହୁତ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଥିଲେ କାରଣ ଏହା ଥିଲା ତାଙ୍କର ଏକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିବାର ଦିନ । ପରେ ସେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ତାଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ଘରକୁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ଗୋପାଳ ଶଯ୍ୟାଶାୟୀ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଅନେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିଲେ । ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ପରିବାର ତାଙ୍କୁ କାହିଁକି ଆଗରୁ ଡାକିଲେ ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ସେ ପଚାରିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିନା କାରଣରେ ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପକାଇବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲେ ବୋଲି ସେମାନେ କହିଲେ । ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରି ଡା. ରମଣ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲେ । ଫଳାଫଳକୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରି ସେ ବସି ରହିଲେ । ଦିନ ସମୟରେ ଖାଇ ନ ଥିବାରୁ ସେ ଭୋକିଲା ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ ଏବଂ ସେ ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ ଖାଇବାପାଇଁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ । ସେ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଅଛି ବୋଲି କହିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅଙ୍କ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଖୁବ୍ ଅସ୍ବସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ ।
Glossary :
rushed off: ଶୀଘ୍ର ଗଲେ/ ଧାଇଁଗଲେ
lay: ଶଯ୍ୟା
as if in sleep: ଯେପରି ଶୋଇଛି
trouble: ଅସୁବିଧା
apologetic: କ୍ଷମାପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବା
miserable: sad (ଦୁଃଖ୍)
took off: removed (କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ)
sizzled: boiled (ଫୁଟାଇଲେ)
sterilizer: ନିରୂପଣ
shot in: ଗୁଳି ଚଳାଇଲା
on any account: ଯେକୌଣସି ହିସାବରେ
giddy: dizzy
sank down: ବୁଡ଼ିଗଲା
drug: medicine (ଔଷଧ )
essayed: tried (ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲେ )
Snapped: କଥାରେ ବାଧା ଦେଲେ
gleamed: ଚିକ୍ଚିକ୍ କଲା
perspiration: sweat (ଝୋଳ)
eyelids: ଆଖ୍ୟାତାଗୁଡ଼ିକ
timidly: ଲାଜରେ
fatigue: tiredness (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତି)
famished: hungry (କ୍ଷୁଧାଇଁ)
midday meal: ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ
bear: tolerate (ଧାରଣ କରିବା)
strain: ଟାଣିବା
Think it out
Question 1.
Why didn’t Gopal’s wife call for Dr. Raman earlier?
Answer:
Dr. Raman went to his friend’s house, because the latter was critically ill. He found Gopal lying in bed. Skillful doctor as he was, Dr. Raman calmly enquired of his wife about his friend’s treatment. He learnt that a doctor nearby had been treating her husband. He asked her why she didn’t call him earlier. She failed to do so, lest he should be busy, and so they did not want to bother him unnecessarily. They were sorry about not summoning him earlier. They felt extremely unhappy.
Question 2.
What steps did the doctor take to save his friend from death?
Answer:
Dr. Raman was smart in the diagnosis of his friend and treated him instantly. He opened his bag and took out an injection tube; the needle sizzled over the stove. He injected the drug into the patient. After watching him for some time Dr. Raman decided to perform an operation and performed the same. These were the steps the doctor took to save his friend from death.
Unit IV
Gist :
It was about eight in the evening. The doctor’s assistant was beside himself with joy to see the patient’s positive response to the treatment. The doctor was worried about his pulse. He advised his assistant to have a clean watch over the patient. The doctor found that the patient’s condition had improved a little. He was in a condition to eat a little food. The family members heaved a sigh of relief. They were full of joy. They expressed their deep gratitude to Dr. Raman who looked fixedly at the patient. Instead of responding to the concern of the patient’s wife, the doctor instructed her to give her husband glucose and brandy every forty minutes. The wife wanted to know if he was out of danger. The doctor’s silence steeled her to elicit the truth from him. Suspense mounted. The patient’s wife could not bear it. She requested Dr. Raman to apprise her of what was happening, but he did not tell her about the seriousness of the patient’s condition. A bitter weeping broke the silence of the house. The patient looked in confusion. Dr. Raman was as calm as ever.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହା ଥିଲା ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆଠଟା ସମୟ। ଡାକ୍ତର ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀ ରୋଗୀର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଦେଖ୍ ଖୁସି ହେଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ନାଡ଼ିର ଗତି ଦେଖୁ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ରୋଗୀ ଉପରେ ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ନଜର ରଖିବାପାଇଁ ଡା. ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ କିଛି ଉନ୍ନତି ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ କିଛି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଖାଇବାର ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ଘରର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନେ ଟିକିଏ ଆଶ୍ୱସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଡା. ରମଣଙ୍କୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଜ୍ଞାପନ କଲେ । ଡା. ରମଣ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ପ୍ରତି ଚାଳିଶ ମିନିଟ୍ରେ ଥରେ ଲେଖାଁଏ ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଜ୍ ଓ ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡି ଦେବାପାଇଁ । ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ ସେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବିପଦମୁକ୍ତ ନା ନାହିଁ । ଡାକ୍ତର ନୀରବତା ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ମନରେ ସନ୍ଦେହ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କଲା । ସେ ରୋଗୀର ଅବସ୍ଥା ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଏକ ଦୁଃଖଦ କାନ୍ଦଣା ଘରର ନିର୍ଜନତାକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଦେଲା । ରୋଗୀ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଆଗଭଳି ଧୀରସ୍ଥିର ହୋଇ ରହିଥିଲେ ।
Glossary :
stirred: moved (ହଲଚଲ ହେଲା)
slightly: a little (ଟିକିଏ|ସାମାନ୍ୟ) ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ଵ ଖୁସି ହେଲେ
overjoyed: ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ
exclaimed: ଚିତ୍କାର କଲା
enthusiastically: ଉତ୍ସାହର ସହିତ
pull through: recover from illness( ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ହେବା)
whispered: said in a low voice (ସ୍ବରରେ କହିଲେ)
pulse: ନାଡ
trust: ବିଶ୍ବାସ କରିବା
flash-up: a sudden ray of hope (ଆଶାର ସଙ୍କେତ)
ruminated: ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ
keep up: maintain (ରକ୍ଷା କଲେ)
relief: ରିଲିଫ୍
swarmed: ବହୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ
poured out: ଫୋପାଡ଼ିଦେଲା
gratitude: କୃତଜ୍ଞତା
felt restless: ଅଶାନ୍ତ ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ
evasive: avoiding a straight, honest answer (ଅପହଞ୍ଚ)
unbearable: ଅସହ୍ୟ
beckoned: called somebody by a movement of the hand (ଇଶାରା କରି ଡାକିଲେ )
excited: ଉତ୍ଫୁଲ୍ଲିତ
terror: ଆତଙ୍କରାଜ
clasped hands: ହାତ ଯୋଡ଼ିଲେ
implored: requested (ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ)
terrible: ଭୟଙ୍କର
wailing: bitter weeping (କାନ୍ଦଣା)
still: ନୀରବ
bewilderment : confusion (ଭ୍ରମଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି)
securely: ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
shut off: ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେଲେ
Think it out
Question 1.
What was Dr. Raman’s reaction when his assistant said “Sir, he will pull through?”
Answer:
When his assistant said “Sir, he will pull through”, the doctor reacted in an unenthusiastic fashion. The doctor was apprehensive of the patient’s recovery from terrible heart attack. Despite an improvement in pulse rate, the patient was not out of danger. In the doctor’s opinion, it was a sign of false recovery. He pondered for a while on his friend’s condition. Uncertainty still lingered in Dr. Raman’s mind.
Question 2.
What was Dr. Raman’s response when Gopal’s wife asked about his condition?
Answer:
Gopal’s wife asked Dr. Raman if her husband was out of danger. The doctor’s response to it was usually calm. He advised her to give Gopal glucose and brandy every forty minutes. Gopal’s wife felt restless. She could not bear the suspense. She again enquired of the doctor about her husband’s present condition. He instructed her not to get excited. The doctor was not ready to respond to her query. He was averse to tell the bitter truth.
Unit V
Gist :
Gopal was in a dying state. His mental condition was getting from bad to worse. He kept asking Dr. Raman if he was going to survive. The doctor knew how serious his friend’s condition was. He was feared for his frankness. Dr. Raman advised not to tire himself, but the former’s advice fell flat. Gopal was anxious about signing the will. Dr. Raman wanted him to go away without answering the question. The patient held his waist and expressed his unflinching trust in his word. Gopal requested a truthful prognosis in order to settle his will and avoid “endless misery for his wife and children” than an unsettled will would entail, realistic eventuality with which Dr. Raman concerned. Yet if the doctor revealed his pessimistic opinion, that Gopal would not survive that night, then it would virtually signify a death sentence and put an end to the slimmest chance of the patient’s survival. Dr. Raman did a piece of acting’ and assured his friend and patient that he would live. Gopal accepted his words with gratitude.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଗୋପାଳ ମୂମୂର୍ଷୁ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥିଲା । ତାଙ୍କର ମାନସିକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଖରାପରୁ ଅତି ଖରାପ ହେଉଥିଲା । ସେ ବଞ୍ଚେ କି ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ବାରମ୍ବାର ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରୁଥିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଜାଣିଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କର ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥା ସଙ୍କଟାପନ୍ନ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଚିରାଚରିତ ଢଙ୍ଗରେ ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଡରିଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ଗୋପାଳ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପିଲାଙ୍କର ଅସରନ୍ତି ଦୁଃଖର ଅନ୍ତ ଘଟାଇବା ପାଇଁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ସେ ବଞ୍ଚେ କି ନାହିଁ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ଯଦି ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ବିଷାଦପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କଥାକୁ ଶୁଣାଇଦେବେ, ତେବେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ସେହି ରାତିରେ ଶେଷ ନିଃଶ୍ବାସ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବେ । ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ସତ୍ୟ କଥା ହିଁ ଗୋପାଳର ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କାରଣ ହୋଇଯିବ ଏବଂ ରୋଗୀର ବଞ୍ଚିବାର କ୍ଷୀଣ ଆଶା ମଉଳିଯିବ । ତେଣୁ ଡାକ୍ତର ଅଭିନୟ କଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ବଞ୍ଚିବେ । ଗୋପାଳ ଏହି କଥାକୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତାର ସହ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ ।
Glossary :
resumed his seat: ପୁଣିଥରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଆସନ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ
exert: tire (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହେବା)
whitewash: ମିଛ ସାନା ଦେବା
attached: (here) gave (ଦେଉଥିଲେ )
value: ମୂଲ୍ୟ
stole a look: ଲୁକ୍ ଚୋରି କଲା
motioned: ଗତିଶୀଳ
last: survive (ବଞ୍ଚ୍)
witness:ସାକ୍ଷୀ
idiotic: foolish (ନିର୍ବୋଧ )
drop: ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେବା
clutched: ଜାବୁଡ଼ି ଧରିଲେ
wrist: ହାତଗୋଡ
unsettle: ଅସନ୍ତୁଷ୍ଟ
endless: ଅସରନ୍ତି
reflected: thought deeply (ଗଭୀରଭାବେ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ)
midnight :ମଧ୍ୟରାତ୍ରି
will: ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର
felt the pulse: ନାଡ଼ି ଚିପିଲେ : ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ ହେଲେ
agitated : ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ
deprecating: expressing disapproval (ବାରଣସୂଚକ)
mess: ଅପ୍ରୀତିକର ପରିସ୍ଥିତି|ବିଶୃଙ୍ଖଳା
virtually: ଆପାତତଃ
death sentence: ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ
survival: ବଞ୍ଚିବା
got down: ଓହ୍ଲାଇଲେ
appealingly: ନିନ୍ଦା କଲେ
damned: ଦୋଷୀ
simulate: ଅନୁକରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ
conceal: hide (ଲୁଚେଇବା)
judgement: ବିଚାର/ରାୟ
stooped over: ଆଉଜି ପଡ଼ିଲା
deliberate: intentional (ଇଚ୍ଛାକୃତ)
emphasis: stress (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ)
absolutely: ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ
glow: ଆଲୋକ
suffused: spread slowly slowly over(ଖେଳିଗଲା)
soundly: ଆରାମରେ
Think it out
Question 1.
Why did Gopal ask Dr. Raman “Am I going?” What was he anxious about?
Answer:
Dr. Raman found his friend and patient in a critical condition; the latter’s wife was crying. The doctor felt his pulse and remained silent. The patient’s anxiety soared. He movingly appealed to the doctor not to avoid anything from him. Dr. Raman still remained unmoved. Gopal was determined to know how long he was going to survive. He was anxious about signing the will which was ready.
Question 2.
Was Dr. Raman upset at this question? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Gopal’s question, “Am I going” upset Dr. Raman, but he never gave vent to his concern for his friend’s condition. This was the most precarious situation he had ever faced in his life. By nature, he was a realist to the core. He knew that he was a doctor, on whose word the life of a patient depended. He did a piece of acting before his friend.
Question 3.
Why did Dr. Raman decide to tell a lie?
Answer:
Gopal insisted Dr. Raman on telling the truth about his condition. He was keen in signing the will that had already been prepared. Gopal was very sick (dying in Dr. Raman’s judgement) and requested a truthful prognosis to settle his will and avoid the never-ending misery for his wife and children than an unsettled will would entail. If the doctor would reveal his critical opinion, Gopal would not survive that night, then it would virtually signify a death sentence and put an end to the slimmest chance of the patient’s survival. Therefore, Dr. Raman decided to tell a lie.
Question 4.
How did he answer Gopal’js question?
Answer:
Dr. Raman could not remain silent in the face of Gopal’s question how long he was going to survive. His patient and friend was bent on signing the will before his death. Dr. Raman did a piece of acting and assured him that he was improving every second. He advised Gopal to sleep in peace and avoid exertion. In other words, the doctor assured him of his survival.
Question 5.
How did Gopal accept Dr. Raman’s words?
Answer:
Dr. Raman assured his patient of recovery. He said again that his friend’s heart was completely fine. Gopal accepted Dr. Raman’s words with great trust and hope. His statement “If it comes from your lips it must be true” is a case in point. There was a ring of relief about Gopal’s tone. He was a picture of gratitude. He slept in peace.
Unit VI
Gist:
A patient’s life hangs on a doctor’s word. It was true in case of Dr. Raman. The way he handled the serious condition of his friend was a case in point. He was smart. He was calm. He instructed his assistant to attend the patient with a tube and give it, in case of any eventuality. Nothing happened. The patient recovered satisfactorily. Dr. Raman had a last check. Then he informed the sick man’s wife about his brilliant heart. His friend would live till ninety. The doctor was sure of it. His friend had passed the most critical phase in heart-attack. His survival would be a source of constant puzzle to Dr. Raman.
Glossary :
for a moment : ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତକ ପାଇଁ
collapse:ଭୁଶୁଡ଼ିବା
tube: ନଳି
struggle: ସଂଘର୍ଷ
made a dash: ଏକ ଡ୍ୟାସ୍ ତିଆରି କଲା
awake: ଜାଗ୍ରତ
bet on it: ଏହା ଉପରେ ବାଜି ଲଗାନ୍ତୁ
turned the comer: ଆସିଲା
puzzle: ପଜଲ୍
Think it out
Question 1.
Did Dr. Raman believe that his patient would recover that night? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Dr. Raman did not believe that his patient would recover that night. He expressed his pessimistic opinion to his assistant. His statement “You might expect the collapse any second now” is a case in point. Dr. Raman instructed his assistant to hurry to the patient with a tube and give it in case of any eventuality.
Question 2.
“Don’t look so unhappy, lady” – why does Dr. Raman say so?
Answer:
Raman says so to his friend Gopal’s wife when Dr. Raman sees her husband in a state of miraculous recovery from a serious heart attack. The patient was conscious and looked extremely fine. The assistant informed the doctor about his satisfactory pulse. Putting the tube at the patient’s heart, he lends his ears to it for a while and pronounces the final judgement to his wife with assurance, “Don’t look so unhappy lady.” Her husband will survive till ninety. He has stood the critical state of attack.
Question 3.
Does human life hang on a doctor’s word? Give a reasoned answer.
Answer:
Yes, human life hangs on a doctor’s word. The way Dr. Raman saved his friend, Gopal from the verge of death splendidly exemplifies this point.
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Question 1.
People came to him when the patient was on his last legs. The underlined expression means ___________.
(A) lame
(B) about to be lame
(C) amputated
(D) in a critical condition
Answer:
(D) in a critical condition
Question 2.
“……………..that the time had come to call in Raman”. The underlined expression means _______________.
(A) summon
(B) appeal
(C) visit
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) summon
Question 3.
Long years of practice of this kind had bred in the doctor a certain curt truthfulness. The underlined expression means ______________.
(A) a sort of diplomacy
(B) blunt truthfulness
(C) boundless truthfulness
(D) completely tactical
Answer:
(B) blunt truthfulness
Question 4.
The patient’s life hung on his word. The underlined expression means ________________.
(A) completely depended
(B) demanded
(C) hanged
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) completely depended
Question 5.
“………………when he glimpsed the faintest sign of hope, he rolled up his sleeve.” The underlined expression means _________.
(A) consulted
(B) slept
(C) prepared to do his duty
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) prepared to do his duty
Question 6.
As a doctor, Raman was ______________.
(A) one of the equals
(B) a man with a difference
(C) somewhat fine
(D) held in high esteem
Answer:
(B) a man with a difference
Question 7.
Dr. Raman was _____________.
(A) firmly decisive
(B) moody
(C) bitter
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) firmly decisive
Question 8.
Dr. Raman’s friendship with Gopal goes back to _____________.
(A) their school days
(B) their nursery school days
(C) more than forty years
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) their nursery school days
Question 9.
Their friendship was ______________.
(A) excellent
(B) good
(C) very good
(D) strange
Answer:
(A) excellent
Question 10.
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) Dr. Raman and Gopal were close friends.
(B) Their friendship had stood the test of time.
(C) Dr. Raman and Gopal never took dinner together.
(D) Their discussion was wide-ranging
Answer:
(C) Dr. Raman and Gopal never took dinner together.
Question 11.
Dr. Raman was __________.
(A) very punctual
(B) versatile
(C) very busy
(D) quite uncommon
Answer:
(C) very busy
Question 12.
Gopal’s son was ______________.
(A) reticent
(B) bold
(C) nervous
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)
Question 13.
Gopal has been confined to bed since ____________.
(A) 46 days
(B) more than two months
(C) a month and a half
(D) long
Answer:
(C) a month and a half
Question 14.
The person to treat Gopal first was _____________.
(A) Dr. Raman
(B) a friend of Gopal’s wife
(C) Gopal’s brother
(D) an unknown doctor
Answer:
(D) an unknown doctor
Question 15.
Dr. Raman started his friend’s treatment ______________.
(A) after a careful thought
(B) enthusiastically
(C) bravely
(D) promptly
Answer:
(D) promptly
Question 16.
The word ‘famished’ means ______________.
(A) tired
(B) enthused
(C) excited
(D) hungry
Answer:
(D) hungry
Question 17.
What made Gopal’s wife unbearable was _____________.
(A) Gopal’s critical illness
(B) Dr. Raman’s evasive reply to Gopal’s wife
(C) the doctor’s hunger
(D) his gaze on Gopal
Answer:
(B) Dr. Raman’s evasive reply to Gopal’s wife
Question 18.
“Sir, he will pull through.” What does the underlined expression mean?
(A) forget
(B) improve
(C) recover
(D) pass away
Answer:
(B) improve
Question 19.
Gopal’s slight recovery filled his family with _____________.
(A) relief
(B) delight
(C) gratitude to the doctor
(D) all the above
Answer:
(D) all the above
Question 20.
The sick man’s wife asked, “Is he out of danger ?” This indicates his wife’s
(A) stress
(B) nervousness
(C) restlessness
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) restlessness
Question 21.
To know Gopal’s latest condition was his wife’s __________.
(A) keen determination
(B) hope
(C) wish
(D) interest
Answer:
(A) keen determination
Question 22.
The bitter weeping of Gopal’s wife made Dr. Raman ____________.
(A) anxious
(B) vexed
(C) impatient
(D) confused
Answer:
(D) confused
Question 23.
The doctor advised the patient to _____________.
(A) sleep
(B) sit
(C) relax
(D) get up
Answer:
(C) relax
Question 24.
“Am I going ?” This means ___________.
(A) leaving
(B) interested to go to his house
(C) visiting
(D) facing death
Answer:
(D) facing death
Question 25.
The patient was ___________.
(A) desperate
(B) impatient
(C) panicky
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) desperate
Question 26.
“It was not in his nature to whitewash.” The underlined word means-
(A) rubbing
(B) cleaning
(C) not to tell a lie
(D) bluff
Answer:
(C) not to tell a lie
Question 27.
Gopal appealed to his friend to _______________.
(A) cure him
(B) save his family’s future
(C) tell the truth
(D) call in his wife
Answer:
(B) save his family’s future
Question 28.
He knew too well the family affairs and about those wolves. This means ________________.
(A) wild animals
(B) selfish persons
(C) ruthless people
(D) anti-social elements
Answer:
(D) anti-social elements
Question 29.
Dr. Raman’s act of telling the truth implies his-
(A) commitment to truth
(B) courage
(C) friend’s speedy recovery
(D) friend’s death
Answer:
(D) friend’s death
Question 30.
Dr. Raman resorts to deliberate falsehood ______________.
(A) for the sake of his friend
(B) without any delay
(C) for nothing
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) for the sake of his friend
Question 31.
What does “on one’s last legs” mean?
(A) Very sick
(B) Weak and about to die
(C) Not in one’s good health
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(B) Weak and about to die
Question 32.
When did people come to Dr. Raman?
(A) When the patient was very sick
(B) When the patient had almost no hope
(C) When the patient collapsed
(D) When the patient had recovered a little
Answer:
(B) When the patient had almost no hope
Question 33.
Why did Dr. Raman often burst out when he found the patient in his last breath?
(A) Why wasn’t he brought to him earlier
(B) Why was he taken to another doctor
(C) Why had the family members treated him wrong
(D) Why was his condition so serious
Answer:
(A) Why wasn’t he brought to him earlier
Question 34.
What was Dr. Raman’s visiting fee?
(A) Twenty rupees
(B) Twenty-five rupees
(C) Thirty rupees
(D) Thirty-five rupees
Answer:
(B) Twenty-five rupees
Question 35.
What fact did people like to avoid?
(A) That the patient had less hope
(B) That the visiting fees of Dr. Raman was high
(C) That Dr. Raman means death sentence
(D) That the patient couldn’t be saved no matter what
Answer:
(A) That the patient had less hope
Question 36.
The patient’s relatives always tried to avoid calling in Dr. Raman; for them there was something ___________ in the very association.
(A) serious
(B) unnecessary
(C) threatening
(D) shirking
Answer:
(C) threatening
Question 37.
So, when the big man came on the scene it was always__________.
(A) the last moment
(B) critical for the patient
(C) a quick decision to make
(D) late
Answer:
(C) a quick decision to make
Question 38.
What has long years of practice bred in the doctor?
(A) Experience to save lives
(B) A certain manner of rudeness
(C) A certain degree of kindness
(D) A certain curt of truthfulness
Answer:
(D) A certain curt of truthfulness
Question 39.
Why was the doctor’s opinion valued?
(A) For his experience
(B) For his kindness
(C) For him truthfulness
(D) For his expertise
Answer:
(C) For him truthfulness
Question 40.
Dr. Raman was not a mere doctor expressing an opinion but a /an ___________.
(A) judge pronouncing a verdict
(B) kind man helping patients
(C) expert saving lives
(D) experienced consultant
Answer:
(A) judge pronouncing a verdict
Question 41.
What did the patient’s life hang on?
(A) Dr. Raman’s experience
(B) Dr. Raman’s treatment
(C) Dr. Raman’s words
(D) Dr. Raman’s kindness
Answer:
(C) Dr. Raman’s words
Question 42.
What did Dr. Raman never believe?
(A) True words can save life
(B) Mere words can save life
(C) Agreeable words can save life
(D) God’s will can save life
Answer:
(C) Agreeable words can save life
Question 43.
Why did Dr. Raman think that it was not any of his business to provide unnecessary hope to the patients and their family?
(A) Because they would ultimately know the truth in few hours
(B) Because it was none of his business
(C) Because he was not that kind hearted
(D) Because it was not his duty to give people hope
Answer:
(A) Because they would ultimately know the truth in few hours
Question 44.
What would Dr. Raman do if he glimpsed the faintest sign of hope?
(A) Pause all other works and perform operation
(B) Do whatever he could to save the patient
(C) Give hope to the patient and his family
(D) Preapare to fight with death
Answer:
(B) Do whatever he could to save the patient
Introducing the Author
R. K. Narayan (1906-2001) is perhaps the most well-known Indian writer in English. Born in Madras, Narayan was educated in Mysore. He started writing in the nineteen thirties. His writing is set in an imaginary town called Malgudi and South Indian family life has seldom been so realistically portrayed as in his novels and short stories. Some of his famous works are Swami and Friends, The Man-Eater ofMalgudi, The Bachelor of Arts, Mr Sampath, The Astrologer’s Day, Waiting for the Mahatma etc. His novel The Guide was selected for the Sahitya Academy Award. Narayan has written a good number of short stories which are noted for their humour, pathos and mild satire. His style is simple and lucid. Walsh aptly remarks, “Narayan ’s fastidious art, blending exact realism, poetic myth, sadness, perception and gaiety are without precedent in literature in English and as far as one can see, without following. It is kind, but unsentimental, mocking but uncynical, profoundly Indian but distinctively individual. Itfascinates by reason of the substantial human nature which it implies and embodies. It carries along with it at every point, a kind of humour strange in English writing which mixes the melancholy and the amusing.”
About the Story
A doctor saves lives both with his skill and with his words. Soothing words of a doctor work wonders for a patient in a critical condition. Dr. Raman, a fictitious physician in the imaginary story, is a classic example. South Indian city of Malgudi is the microcosm for many of Narayansque stories. He is renowned for his diagnostic acumen and “certain curt truthfulness; for that very reason his opinion is valued; he is not a mere doctor expressing an opinion but a judge pronouncing a verdict.” When Dr. Raman is called upon to make a house call and subsequent operation on his dearest friend, Gopal, he faces a very difficult professional ethical dilemma. This story adroitly tackles truthfulness. This story’s concern is not only with professional ethics but also with the tension that often arrives when personal ethics and professional ethics intersect and conflict since it is clear that Dr. Raman violates his usual practice of truth-telling in the interest of his friendship. It is also a commentary on paternalism; Dr. Raman tells the patient’s wife and patient only what he wants them to hear since the truth as he perceives would be damaging to the patient’s outcome, a much censured notion known as “therapeutic privilege”. This story demonstrates the economy and grace with which expertly wrought fiction can capture and present for discussion important issues in (medical) ethics.
ବିଷୟ ସୂଚନା :
ଖରାପ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଜଣେ ରୋଗୀପାଇଁ ଜଣେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ସାନ୍ତନାମୂଳକ କଥାଗୁଡ଼ାକ ଚମତ୍କାର ଭାବେ କାମ କରେ । କାଳ୍ପନିକ କଥାବସ୍ତୁର ଡାକ୍ତର ଚରିତ୍ର ଡା. ରମଣ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଏହାର ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଉଦାହରଣ । ନାରାୟଣଙ୍କର ଗଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ହେଉଛି ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତୀୟ ସହର ମାଲ୍ଗୁଡ଼ି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ରୋଗର ସଠିକ କାରଣ ନିରୂପଣ କରିବା ଓ ଅପ୍ରିୟ ସତ୍ୟ କଥା କହିବା କାରଣରୁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ଅର୍ଜନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେଥିପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଅଧ୍ଵ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ସେ ଜଣେ ସାଧାରଣ ଡାକ୍ତରଭାବେ ନିଜର ମତାମତ ଶୁଣାଇନଥା’ନ୍ତି, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତିଭାବେ ରାୟ ଶୁଣାଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳର ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିଛନ୍ତି, ସେ ଏକ ନୈତିକ ଦୃହରେ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଚତୁରତାର ସହ ସେହି ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟନ ଘଟିଛି । ଏଠାରେ ରମଣଙ୍କର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ନୈତିକତା ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ନୈତିକତା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବ ଉପୁଜିଛି ଏବଂ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ହିତ ପାଇଁ ନିତିଦିନିଆ ସତ କହିବାର ଅଭ୍ୟାସରୁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ବିଚ୍ୟୁତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଓ ରୋଗୀକୁ କେବଳ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଶୁଣିବାକୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି, ଯେହେତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତ ସତ୍ୟ ରୋଗୀର କ୍ଷତି ଘଟାଇପାରେ । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଭେଷଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅନେକ ତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ନିଖୁଣ ଭାବରେ ଆଲୋଚନା
Summary
In the beginning, the writer, in his characteristic humorous vein, states that the patients visit Dr. Raman when they are hopeless, because of the latter’s visiting fee twenty-five rupees. He has long years of practice behind him. Dr. Raman is renowned for his diagnostic acumen and “certain curt truthfulness”. As a result, his opinion is given great importance. He is not a doctor in an ordinary sense. Dr. Raman is like a sort of judge who delivers a judgement. He saves life with his skill and never likes to say agreeable words. It is because the patient’s will to survive is what matters.
Dr. Raman is keen on saving the lives of his patients when he sees the slightest ray of hope. The writer describes the long-standing relationship between Dr. Raman and Gopal. The doctor comes to know about his friend’s illness from the latter’s son. He is called upon to visit Gopal’s house. The doctor finds his friend and patient in a critical condition. He learns that a “doctor in the next street”, a physician Raman does not know, is ‘ treating the patient. Without wasting time, he administers an injection to his patient. He does not respond to the query of Gopaks wife.
He minutely observes his patient who still remains motionless. He feels worried when he finds his bosom friend in a critical condition, but not hopeless. Skilful doctor as he is, Dr. Raman remains calm in an adverse situation like this. He performs an operation on his dearest friend Gopal. Evening sets in. Raman’s assistant’s joy knows no limit when he sees the patient in a better condition. He is enthusiastic about the patient’s recovery. The doctor gives his assistant a cold response. Although Gopal’s pulse has improved, this is not enough. He suffers from serious heart attack.
Dr. Raman knows that the night is crucial for his patient; he sits beside the latter and notices a slight improvement in his condition. Now the patient is in a state to take a little food. The household heaves a sigh of great relief. Everybody is happy. Overwhelmed with emotion, the family members profusely express their gratitude to the doctor. However, Raman sits silently, intensely looking at the patient’s- face. He is heedless of their words. The doctor’s reaction is evasive. When the wife asks him about her patient’s condition, he remains silent, but she is determined to know the truth. Her patience runs out. She cannot bear the suspense any more. The wife is anxious to know about the condition of her husband.
She requests him to tell the truth. The doctor expresses his inability to talk to her at the moment. His silence on the matter makes her weep bitterly. The patient looks in confusion. Gopal is very sick. He requests the doctor not to hide the truth. He is anxious about signing the will. The doctor’s effort to calm him goes in vain. Gopal requests truthful prognosis in order to settle his will and get rid of the never-ending misery for his wife and children that an unsettled will would entail. The doctor is aware of this realistic eventuality. Dr. Raman faces a very difficult professional dilemma.
He swims between personal ethics and professional ethics. If he reveals his pessimistic opinion, which he does to his assistant: ‘Gopal will not survive the night’, then it will virtually imply a death sentence. The inevitable will happen. His frankness will put an end to the slightest chance of the patient’s survival. Dr. Raman violates his usual practice of truth-telling in the interest of his forty year-old friendship. He does ‘a piece of acting’ and assures his friend and patient that he will survive. Gopal expresses his unflinching trust in the doctor’s statement. His words, “If it comes from your lips, it must be true” is a case in point. Gopal lives and Dr. Raman remarks to his assistant, “How he has survived this attack will be a puzzle to me all life.”
ସାରାଂଶ :
ଗଳ୍ପର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ଲେଖକ ବ୍ୟଙ୍ଗପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଆଶାଶୂନ୍ୟ ହେବା ପରେ ହିଁ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସନ୍ତି, କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କର ରୋଗୀଦେଖା ଫିସ୍ ଥାଏ ୨୫ ଟଙ୍କା । ସେ ଜଣେ ବହୁ ଅନୁଭୂତିସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ଡାକ୍ତର । ତାଙ୍କର ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ରୋଗ ଚିହ୍ନିବାର ଦକ୍ଷତା ଓ ଅପ୍ରିୟ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ସତ୍ୟ କଥା କହିବା ପାଇଁ ସେ ଖ୍ୟାତି ଅର୍ଜନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ସେ ଜଣେ ସାଧାରଣ ଡାକ୍ତର ଭଳି ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତି ଭଳି ରାୟ ଶୁଣାନ୍ତି । ସେ ନିଜର ଦକ୍ଷତାକୁ ନେଇ ରୋଗୀର ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତି, ମାତ୍ର ଆଶ୍ଵାସନାବାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇବାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଆନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।
ରୋଗୀଠାରେ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ବଞ୍ଚିବାର ଆଶା ଥିଲେ ସେ ତା’ର ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚାଇବାକୁ ଯତ୍ ପରୋନାସ୍ତି ଉଦ୍ୟମ କରନ୍ତି । ଲେଖକ ଏଠାରେ ଡା. ରମଣ ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ବହୁଦିନର ସମ୍ପର୍କକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଗୋପାଳର ପୁଅଠାରୁ ସେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଗୋପାଳ ରୋଗଦ୍ଵାରା ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଗୋପାଳ ଘରକୁ ବୁଲିବାକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଗୁରୁତର ଥିବା ଦେଖନ୍ତି ।ସେ ତତ୍କ୍ଷଣାତ୍ ରୋଗୀକୁ ଏକ ଇନ୍ଜେକ୍ସନ୍ ଦିଅନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ନ ଦେଇ ରୋଗୀକୁ ତନ୍ନତନ୍ନ ଭାବେ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରନ୍ତି । ସେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଓ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ନ୍ତି ।
କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହିପରି ଗୁରୁତର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ସେ ଆଶା ହରାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେ ପ୍ରିୟବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳ ଶରୀରରେ ଏକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରନ୍ତି । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆଗତ ହୋଇଛି । ଡ. ରମଣଙ୍କର ସହକାରୀଜଣକ ଦେଖନ୍ତି ଯେ ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଘଟୁଛି । ତାଙ୍କର ଖୁସିର ସୀମା ରହେ ନାହିଁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଡା. ରମଣ କହନ୍ତି ଯେ ଯଦିଓ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ନାଡ଼ିର ଗତିରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଘଟିଛି, ତଥାପି ଏହା ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ନୁହେଁ । ଡା. ରମଣ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ରାତିଟି ତାଙ୍କ ରୋଗୀ ପାଇଁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାରଣ ସେ ଗୁରୁତର ହୃଦ୍ରୋଗରେ ପୀଡ଼ିତ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ରୋଗୀଟି କିଛି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି । ଘରର ଅଥଚ ଡା. ରମଣ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କର ମୁହଁକୁ ଚାହିଁ ଧୀରସ୍ଥିର ହୋଇ ବସିଥାଆନ୍ତି ।
ସେ ଘରର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର କୃତଜ୍ଞତାର ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି । ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କୁ ସତ୍ୟ କହିବାକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରନ୍ତି । ସେହି ସମୟରେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ନୀରବତା ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମନରେ ବହୁତ ଆଘାତ ଦେଇଛି ଏବଂ ସେ ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍ରେ କାନ୍ଦିଛନ୍ତି । ରୋଗୀଟି ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ପଡ଼ି ଚାହିଁଛି । ଗୋପାଳ ବହୁତ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛି । ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କୁ ସତ୍ୟ ହିଁ କହିବାପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛି । ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କୁ ସାନ୍ତନା ଦେଇପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଗୋପାଳ ବାରମ୍ବାର ସତ୍ୟ କହିବା ପାଇଁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିଛି ଯାହା ଫଳରେ ସେ ନିଜର ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରି ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାରର ଚିରଦୁଃଖର ଅବସାନ ଘଟାଇପାରିବେ । ଏହି ବାସ୍ତବ ସତ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଡାକ୍ତର ସଚେତନ ଅଛନ୍ତି ।
ଏଠାରେ ଡାକ୍ତର ଏକ କଷ୍ଟକର ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବକୁ କିଭଳି ସାମନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ତାହା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ନୀତି ଏବଂ ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ନୀତି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେହି ରାତିରେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରିବ । ଏହି ଧ୍ରୁବ ସତ୍ୟ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଘଟିବ । ସେ ଯଦି ମୁକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବେ, ତେବେ ରୋଗୀର ବଞ୍ଚିବାର କ୍ଷୀଣ ଆଶାଟିକକ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯିବ । ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ଚାଳିଶ ବର୍ଷର ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କର ହିତ ପାଇଁ ଏହିଭଳି ଦୃଢ଼ ଉକ୍ତିକୁ ଗୋପାଳ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିଛି । ଶେଷରେ ଗୋପାଳ ବଞ୍ଚିଯାଇଛି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କର ସହଯୋଗୀଙ୍କୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି, ‘ରୋଗୀ କିପରି ଏହି ହୃଦ୍ରୋଗରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିପାରିଲେ, ତାହା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଚିର ରହସ୍ୟମୟ ହୋଇ ରହିବ ।’’
Read More:
Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Chapter 1 My Greatest Olympic Prize Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Unit-wise Gist and Glossary:
UNIT – I:
Gist:
Jesse Owens takes us back to the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin where nationalistic feelings were running high because of Hitler’s reference to his country’s participants who belonged to a ‘master race’. His words produced no effect on Owens. Everyone looked forward to winning his long jump event, because a year before, he as a university student had set a world record in that field. But his surprise knew no bounds at the sight of a German called Luz Long touching the pit at almost 26 feet on his practice. Owens learned that Hitler hoped to win the jump. In his view, Luz Long’s victory would cement the Nazi’s Aryan superiority theory. He was a Negro and was bent on showing his superiority.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଜେସି ଓୟେସ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ୧୯୩୬ ମସିହାରେ ବର୍ଲିନ୍ଠାରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମକାଳୀନ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାର ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମିକୁ ନେଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେଉଁଠାରେ କି ନିଜ ଦେଶର ଖେଳାଳିମାନେ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ଜାତିର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ବୋଲି ହିଲର୍ଙ୍କ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ କାରଣରୁ ପ୍ରବଳ ଜାତୀୟତା ଭାବନା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥିଲା । ତାଙ୍କ କଥାର କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଭାବ ଓୟେସଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ପଡ଼ିନଥିଲା । ଲମ୍ବଡ଼ିଆରେ ତାଙ୍କର ବିଜୟକୁ ସମସ୍ତେ ଆଗ୍ରହର ସହିତ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିଥିଲେ, କାରଣ ବର୍ଷକ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଜଣେ ବିଶ୍ବବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ଛାତ୍ର ଭାବରେ ସେ ଏହି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ବିଶ୍ଵରେକର୍ଡ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠା କରିଥିଲେ । ମାତ୍ର ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ନାମକ ଜଣେ ଜର୍ମାନ୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୬ ଫୁଟ୍ ଡେଇଁବାର ଦେଖୁ ତାଙ୍କ ବିସ୍ମୟର ସୀମା ରହିଲା ନାହିଁ । ହିଟ୍ଲର୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଡିଆଁରେ ବିଜୟୀ ହେବାର ଆଶା ରଖୁଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି ଓୟେସ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ଙ୍କ ବିଜୟ ନାଜୀମାନଙ୍କର ‘ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ-ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ୱ’ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତକୁ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ଦୃଢ଼ୀଭୂତ କରିବ । ସେ ଜଣେ ନିଗ୍ରୋ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ନିଜର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ଵ ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ ପାଇଁ ବଦ୍ଧପରିକର ହେଲେ ।
Glossary:
Olympic Games: a modern revival of the greatest of games or festivals of ancient Greece. The Olympic Games are held every four years, each time in a different country. (ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ା)
Adolf Hitler : (1889-1945) Nazi dictator of Germany (ଜର୍ମାନୀର ନାଜୀ ଶାସକ)
childishly : ପିଲାଳିଆ ଭାବରେ
performers : competitors (ପ୍ରତିଯୋଗୀମାନେ)
master race: superior to all other races (ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ଜାତି)
Hitler held that Germans were superior to all other races.
nationalistic: promoting nationalism (especially, a narrow kind of nationalism) (ଜାତୀୟତା)
all-time high: the highest ever (ସର୍ବାଧ୍ବକ)
I …. six years: Owens had tried hard for six years.
set : established (ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ)
26 feet 8 inches: 8.13 metres (୮.୧୩ ମିଟର)
hands down: very easily (ଅତି ସହଜରେ)
I surprise : Owens’ surprise knew no bounds (ଓବେନ୍ସଙ୍କ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ୟ୍ୟର ସୀମା ନ ଥିଲା)
startled : greatly shocked and surprised (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲେ |)
hitting : touching (ଛୁଇଁବା)
leaps : jumps
evidently : clearly
under wraps : secret
Nazis: members of Hitler’s National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)
Aryan-superiority: The Aryans are superior to all other races. (ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ-ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ୱ)
After all : ମୋଟାମୋଟି ଭାବେ
hot under the collar: very angry (ରାଗୀ)
determined: firmly decided
Der Fuhrer: the leader in German (Used with special reference to Hitler) (ଜର୍ମାନ୍ ନେତା ହିଟଲର୍ )
Think it out:
Question 1.
Why were nationalistic feelings running high during the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin?
Answer:
Nationalistic feelings were running high during the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin because of Hitler’s Nazi theory that Germans were superior to all other races.
Question 2.
‘I wasn’t too worried about all this’. What does “this” refer to – Hitler’s beliefs or winning a gold medal?
Answer:
‘This’ refers to Hitler’s beliefs.
Question 3.
Why wasn’t Owens worried?
Answer:
Owens was not worried, because he had shed his blood, sweat, and tears for six years, with the Games in his mind.
Question 4.
Why did everyone expect Owens to win the long jump easily?
Answer:
Everyone expected Owens to win the long jump easily, because, a year before the advent of the Berlin Olympic Games, he, as a university student, had established the world record of 26 feet 8] inches (8.13 meters).
Question 5.
What was the surprise that awaited Jesse Owens in Berlin?
Answer:
The surprise that awaited Jesse Owens was a tall German boy, Luz Long’s amazing performance of hitting the pit at almost 26 feet on his practice jumps.
Question 6.
What did he learn from people about Luz Long?
Answer:
He learned from people about Luz Long that Hitler had kept him secretly hoping he would be the jump winner.
Question 7.
Do you think Nazis’ Aryan-superiority theory meant that Germans were superior to Negroes? How did Owens feel about it – angry or bothered?
Answer:
I don’t think Nazis’ Aryan-superior theory meant that Germans were superior to Negroes. Owens felt angry about it.
Question 8.
What made Owens determined to beat Luz Long?
Answer:
The fact that made Owens determined to beat Luz Long was that he was a Negro and against this backdrop, he would disprove Hitler’s Aryan superiority theory.
UNIT – II
Gist:
In the writer’s view, anger is the worst enemy of an athlete, because this base passion leads him or her to commit mistakes. The results of the first two qualifying jumps for Owens were dismal. He was utterly disgusted. His failure in the two qualifying jumps made him kick the pit. In the meantime, to his stunned disbelief, he found Luz Long, the tall German long jumper, offered him a firm handshake. He wore a nice look. Owens tried to conceal his nervousness, but Long understood his anger.
In spite of being trained in the Nazi youth movement, he was a glorious exception. He did not believe in the concept of Aryan supremacy. The blue-eyed and remarkably handsome Long eventually noticed that his anger had abated and advised Owens to draw a line a few inches at the back of the board and focus on making his take-off from there. He said to Owens that to come first in the trials was of no use and the next day was crucial. Luz Long’s words worked wonders. Owens’ tension vanished and he qualified for the jump with great confidence.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଲେଖକଙ୍କର ମତରେ, କ୍ରୋଧ ଖେଳାଳିର ସବୁଠାରୁ ବଡ଼ ଶତ୍ରୁ । କାରଣ ଏହି ଘୃଣ୍ୟ ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି ଯୋଗୁଁ ସେ ଭୁଲ୍ କରି ବସେ । ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କର ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ଦୁଇଟି ଲମ୍ଫ ନୌରାଶ୍ୟଜନକ ଥିଲା । ସେ ଭୀଷଣ ଭାବରେ ବିରକ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟର ପ୍ରଥମ ଦୁଇଟି ଡିଆଁରେ ଅସଫଳ ହୋଇ ସେ ଭୂଇଁକୁ ଗୋଇଠା ମାରିଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ସେ ଜର୍ମାନ୍ର ଡେଙ୍ଗା ଲମ୍ବଡିଆଁ ପ୍ରତିଯୋଗୀ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦନ କରିବାକୁ ହାତ ବଢ଼ାଇଥବା ଦେଖୁ ବିସ୍ମିତ ହେଲେ । ସେ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥିଲେ । ଓୟେନ୍ସ ନିଜର କ୍ରୋଧକୁ ଲୁଚାଇବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ ହେଁ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ତାହା ବୁଝିପାରିଥିଲେ । ନାଜି ଯୁବ ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନରେ ପ୍ରଶିକ୍ଷିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ହେଁ ସେ ଏକ ଚମତ୍କାର ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ-ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ୱରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରୁନଥିଲେ । ନୀଳାଭ ନୟନ ଓ ସୁଗଠିତ ଶରୀରଧାରୀ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ଓୟେନ୍ସ୍ଙ୍କ ରାଗ ପ୍ରଶମିତ ହୋଇଗଲାଣି । ସେ କାଠପଟା କିଛି ଇଞ୍ଚ ପଛରୁ ଏକ ଗାର ଟାଣି ଓ ସେହି ଗାରକୁ ନଜରରେ ରଖି ସେହିଠାରୁ ଡିଆଁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବାକୁ ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ହେବାର କିଛି ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ବାସ୍ତବରେ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଦିନ ହିଁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୋଲି ସେ ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କୁ କହିଥିଲେ । ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ଙ୍କର ପରାମର୍ଶ ଯାଦୁ ଭଳି କାମ କଲା । ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କ ଚିନ୍ତା ଉଭେଇଗଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ଦୃଢ଼ ଆତ୍ମବିଶ୍ଵାସ ସହ ଶେଷ ଡିଆଁ ପାଇଁ ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Glossary:
athlete : କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାବିତ୍
exception : ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ
leapt : jumped (ଡେଇଁଲେ)
beyond : ବାହାରେ
bitterly : with hatred ଭାବରେ )
kicked : ଗୋଇଠା ମାରିଲେ
disgustedly : ବିରକ୍ତିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ
firm handshake : ଦୃଢ଼ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡସେକ
twist : (here) speech accent (ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ଭଙ୍ଗୀ )
hide : ଲୁଚାଇବା
mastered : acquired complete knowledge or skill (ଦକ୍ଷତା ହାସଲ କରିବା)
a bit : a little (ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ/ଅଳ୍ପ)
slang : words used informally; words used in talk by a group or class of people (ଅନୌପଚାରିକ ଭାଷା)
must be eating you : must be agitating your mind
anger : କ୍ରୋଧ
took pain : took trouble (ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପକାଇଲା)
reassure : to say something to make somebody less frightened (ପୁନଃ ଆଶ୍ୱାସନା ଦେବା )
schooled : trained (ପ୍ରଶିକ୍ଷିତ)
movement : ଚଳନ
strikingly : impressively
handsome : ସୁନ୍ଦର
calmed : cooled (ଶାନ୍ତ ହେଲା )
counts : matters (ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରେ)
Think it out:
Question 1.
What does a coach say about an angry athlete?
Answer:
A coach says that an angry athlete will commit mistakes. In other words, he says that anger is an athlete’s worst enemy.
Question 2.
What were the results of the first two qualifying jumps for Owens?
Answer:
The results of the first two qualifying jumps for Owens were miserable. He jumped from several inches outside the take-off board for a no-jump.
Question 3.
Why did Owens kick the pit?
Answer:
Owens kicked the pit because he failed during the trials. He was disgusted.
Question 4.
Who offered Owens a firm handshake? Was he friendly or hostile?
Answer:
Luz Long, a German long jumper offered him a firm handshake. He was friendly.
Question 5.
Why did Long speak to Owens during the trials? Did he mean to make friends with Owens or to find out what was troubling him?
Answer:
Long spoke to Owens during the trials to help him. He wanted to find out what was troubling Owens.
Question 6.
“he really looked the part” – What does this mean? Does it mean Long was trying to play the part of an Aryan or he looked as if he belonged to a superior race?
Answer:
‘He really looked the part’ means Luz Long was trying to play the part of an Aryan.
Question 7.
How did Luz Long help Jesse Owens in qualifying for the final jumps?
Answer:
Luz Long helped Jesse Owens in qualifying for the final jumps by advising him to draw a line a few inches at the back of the take-off board and focussing on his start from there.
Question 8.
“Tomorrow is what counts.” – What did Long mean by this? Does he mean that Owens would win the next day or that their performance the next day would matter much?
Answer:
Long means that Owens would win the next day.
Question 9.
Did Owens qualify for the final jump? How did he do that?
Answer:
Thanks to Long’s friendly advice, Owens qualified for the final jump. Brimming with confidence, he drew a line a full foot behind the board and advanced to jump from there and qualified for the final jump.
UNIT – III
Gist:
A real friendship sprang up between Jesse Owens and Luz Long when the former went to the latter’s room and dwelt on varied topics for two hours. The moment they had been waiting for had arrived at last. Luz smashed his own past record and encouraged Owens to give his best performance. Jesse Owens won the event, setting the Olympic record of 26 feet 5 4 inches. Luz congratulated him and shook his hand warmly in spite of Hitler’s angry look at them. Owens felt genuine friendship for Luz at that moment. The most fabulous Olympic prize for him was the friendship he formed with. Long, but not the gold medal he won in the long jump. In Owens’ view, Long epitomized the philosophy of Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of modem Olympic Games – the essence of the Olympic Games lies not in winning but in participating. Good fight, but not conquest is the hallmark of life.
ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଓୟେସ୍ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ଙ୍କ କୋଠରିକୁ ଯାଇ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ବିଭିନ୍ନ ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଇଜଣଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରକୃତ ବନ୍ଧୁତା ଗଢ଼ି ଉଠିଲା । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାର ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ଆସିଗଲା । ଲୁଜ୍ ନିଜର ପୂର୍ବ ରେକର୍ଡ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଲେ ଏବଂ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ କରିବାକୁ ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କୁ ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କଲେ । ଓୟେସ୍ ପ୍ରତିଯୋଗିତାରେ ଜିତିଲେ ଏବଂ ୨୬ ଫୁଟ ୫୪ ଇଞ୍ଚ ଡେଇଁ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ ରେକର୍ଡ ସ୍ଥାପନ କଲେ । ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ହିଟ୍ଲର୍ଙ୍କ କ୍ରୋଧପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଚାହାଣି ସତ୍ତ୍ଵେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ ଜଣାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ଖୁସିରେ କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦନ କଲେ । ସେହି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ଓୟେନ୍ସ ଲୁଜ୍ଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ଅନାବିଳ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵଭାବ ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ । ଲମ୍ବଡ଼ିଆରେ ସ୍ଵର୍ଣ୍ଣପଦକ ଜିତିବା ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଲୁଜ୍ଙ୍କ ସହ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସର୍ବଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଥିଲା । ଆଧୁନିକ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାର ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା ପେରୀ ଡି କୁବରଟିନ୍ଙ୍କ ଦର୍ଶନ ଯାହାକି ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ବିଜୟୀ ହେବାରେ ନୁହେଁ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାରେ ରହିଛି, ଲଙ୍ଗ ତାହାର ଜ୍ଵଳନ୍ତ ଉଦାହରଣ ଥିଲେ । ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ବିଜୟପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରିବା ନୁହେଁ ଉତ୍ତମରୂପେ ସଂଘର୍ଷ କରିବା ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ।
Glossary:
real : genuine (ବାସ୍ତବ)
beat : defeat (ହରେଇବା )
peak performance : best ever performance ( ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ କୃତିତ୍ଵ)
at the instant: at once (ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ)
congratulating : ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ
26 feet 5 1/4 inches: 8.6 metres (୮.୬ ମିଟର)
despite : in spite of (ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ)
glared : looked with anger (କ୍ରୋଧରେ ଚାହିଁଲେ)
fake : false (କୃତ୍ରିମ)
24-carat friendship : genuine friendship (ପ୍ରକୃତ ବନ୍ଧୁତା)
epitome : (here) a typical representation of the ideal (ପ୍ରକୃଷ୍ଟ ଉଦାହରଣ )
taking part : participating (ଭାଗ ନେବା)
conquering : winning (ଜିତିବା)
Think about it:
Question 1.
When did Owens and Long realize that they had become friends?
Answer:
Owens and Long realized that they had become friends after the former went to the latter’s room and talked for two hours concerning track and field, themselves, the global scenario, and a dozen other topics.
Question 2.
Who was Coubertin? What was his ideal?
Answer:
Coubertin was the founder of the modem Olympic Games. His idea was that in life not winning but fighting in the right spirit was very important.
Question 3.
Why has Luz Long been called a fine example of Coubertin’s ideal?
Answer:
Luz Long has been called a fine example of Coubertin’s ideal because the former took a leaf out of the latter’s book, ‘The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part. The essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.”
Question 4.
What do you think was the greatest Olympic Prize for Jesse Owens – the gold medal he won in the long jump, or the friendship he formed with Luz Long?
Answer:
I think the greatest Olympic Prize for Jesse Owens was the friendship he formed with Luz Long.
Post-Reading Activities:
Doing with words :
(a) ‘Childish’ is an adjective. We can make it an adverb by adding ‘ly’ – ‘childishly’. Now add ‘ly’ to make the following adjectives adverbs: easy, real, bitter, disgusted, clear, physical, friend, final, certain, sudden
Answer:
easy – easily
real – really
bitter – bitterly
disgusted – disgustedly
clear – clearly
physical – physically
friend – friendly
final – finally
certain – certainly
sudden – suddenly
(b) Replace the italicized words in each of the following sentences with idiomatic expressions given in brackets :
(an all-time high, hands down, under wraps, hot under the collar, look the part)
(i) The plan was carefully kept secret.
(ii) Tendulkar’s double century is the highest-ever individual score in a one-day cricket match.
(iii) You’d never guess he was a security guard; he doesn’t appear to be suited to the job.
(iv) Delhi daredevils won the IPL cup very easily.
(v) The policeman was very angry because the criminal escaped.
Answer:
(i) The plan was carefully kept under wraps.
(ii) Tendulkar’s double century is an all-time high individual score in a one-day cricket match
(iii) You’d never guess he was a security guard; he doesn’t look the part.
(iv) Delhi daredevils won the IPL cup hands down.
(v) The policeman was hot under the collar because the criminal escaped.
(c) Make sentences of your own using the following expressions :
(i) Make a fool of oneself
(ii) have one’s eye on
(iii) (to be) in for a surprise
(iv) ebb out
(v) no exception
Answer:
(i) Make a fool of oneself – He made a fool of himself by turning up drunk to a TV chat show.
(ii) have one’s eye on – I have got my eye on a new DVD player.
(iii) (to be) in for a surprise – The players could be in for a surprise if they expect an easy victory.
(iv) ebb out – Enthusiasm for reform ebbed out.
(v) no exception – Climbers are brave people, and Sharat is no exception.
I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers:
Question 1.
Who is the writer of “My Greatest Olympic Prize”?
(A) Jessie Owens
(B) Luz Long
(C) Adolf Hitler
(D) Churchill
Answer:
(A) Jessie Owens
Question 2.
Jessie Owens belongs to which country?
(A) America
(B) England
(C) Germany
(D) Italy
Answer:
(A) America
Question 3.
Why had Jessie Owens come to Germany?
(A) to play football
(B) to play cricket
(C) to participate in the Commonwealth Games
(D) to participate in the Olympic event
Answer:
(D) to participate in the Olympic event
Question 4.
In which year this Olympic event was organized?
(A) 1935
(B) 1937
(C) 1936
(D) 1938
Answer:
(C) 1936
Question 5.
In which season this Olympic event was organized?
(A) Winter
(B) Summer
(C) Spring
(D) Rainy
Answer:
(B) Summer
Question 6.
What did Adolf Hitler childishly insist?
(A) His performers were members of a ‘master race’
(B) His performers were members of Nordic races
(C) His performers were members of Aryan races
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above
Question 7.
Why was not Jessie Owens worried about Hitler’s attitude?
(A) because he had known him
(B) because he had not full confidence in himself
(C) He had trained himself for six years
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) He had trained himself for six years
Question 8.
What was he thinking when he was coming over the boat?
(A) to fight well
(B) was confused about what to do
(C) to take the gold medal
(D) to play whatever may be
Answer:
(C) to take the gold medal
Question 9.
On which event had he decided to participate?
(A) high jump
(B) running
(C) long jump
(D) swimming
Answer:
(C) long jump
Question 10.
What was the record he had created a year before as a university student?
(A) by jumping 26 feet 8 1/4 inches
(B) by jumping 26 feet 7 1/4 inches
(C) by jumping 26 feet 8 1/2 inches
(D) by jumping 26 feet 8 1/3 inches
Answer:
(A) by jumping 26 feet 8 1/4 inches
Question 11.
Why was he surprised when the time came for the long jump trials?
(A) he saw Hitler there inspiring his performers
(B) he saw a tall boy hitting the pit at almost 26 feet on his practice leaps
(C) he saw a tall boy hitting the pit at almost 25 feet
(D) he saw how Hitler was encouraging them to win the gold medal
Answer:
(B) he saw a tall boy hitting the pit at almost 26 feet on his practice leaps
Question 12.
What was the name of Jessie Owen’s rival?
(A) Hitler
(B) Churchill
(C) Luz Long
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Luz Long
Question 13.
Why had Hitler kept him under secret?
(A) Hoping Luz Long would not be known to others.
(B) Hoping Luz Long should not talk to others.
(C) Hoping Luz Long would win the jump.
(D) All the above
Answer:
(C) Hoping Luz Long would win the jump.
Question 14.
Why did Jessie Owens think if Long won, it would add some new support to the Nazis’ Aryan Superiority Theory?
(A) because Hitler was a great leader
(B) because Hitler had organized the Olympic event in Berlin
(C) because Hitler had told his performers were members of a ‘master race’
(D) All the above
Answer:
(C) because Hitler had told his performers were members of a ‘master race’
Question 15.
What did Jessie Owens determine?
(A) to respect Hitler’s thoughts
(B) became nervous to know Hitler’s attitude
(C) promised to show the leader and his master race who was superior and who wasn’t
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) promised to show the leader and his master race who was superior and who wasn’t
Question 16.
What does an angry athlete do?
(A) An angry athlete easily wins the match
(B) An angry athlete becomes a looser
(C) An angry athlete makes mistakes
(D) All the above
Answer:
(C) An angry athlete makes mistakes
Question 17.
Why was Jessie Owens disqualified in his first two trials?
(A) He was nervous.
(B) He was afraid of Hitler.
(C) He jumped from several inches beyond the take-off board for a no-jump.
(D) He could not understand the rule.
Answer:
(C) He jumped from several inches beyond the take-off board for a no-jump.
Question 18.
Jessie Owens could not clear two of the three long jump trials because he
(A) was nervous
(B) was over-confident
(C) was angry over the ‘master race’ theory of Hitler
(D) feared that Luz Long might defeat him
Answer:
(C) was angry over the ‘master race’ theory of Hitler
Question 19.
The important thing in Olympics is
(A) taking part
(B) playing tricks
(C) giving trials
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) taking part
Question 20.
The essential thing in life is
(A) conquering
(B) earning money
(C) fighting well
(D) winning prize
Answer:
(C) fighting well
Question 21.
Who is referred as Der Fuhrer?
(A) Luz Long
(B) Jessie Owens
(C) Hitler
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Hitler
Question 22.
Jessie Owens was
(A) an American Negro
(B) an Australian
(C) a German
(D) a swimmer
Answer:
(A) an American Negro
Question 23.
The motto of the Olympics is
(A) Slow and steady wins the race
(B) Participation is more important than winning
(C) Faster, Higher, Stronger
(D) Winning is more important than participation
Answer:
(B) Participation is more important than winning
Question 24.
Luz Long, the German athlete had
(A) a dull face
(B) a strikingly handsome, chiseled face
(C) a tanned face
(D) a dusky complexion
Answer:
(B) a strikingly handsome, chiseled face
Question 25.
Luz Long suggested Owens to
(A) draw a line a few inches in the back of the board and then take off
(B) run fast
(C) not to participate in the finals
(D) foul in the last attempt
Answer:
(A) draw a line a few inches in the back of the board and then take off
Question 26.
Jessie Owens considers his friendship with Luz Long as a
(A) 18-carat friendship
(B) 22-carat friendship
(C) 24-carat friendship
(D) 25-carat friendship
Answer:
(C) 24-carat friendship
Question 27.
The founder the Modem Olympic Games is
(A) Bill Gates
(B) MalalaYousafzae
(C) Pierre de Coubertin
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
(C) Pierre de Coubertin
Question 28.
Luz Long was schooled in
(A) an International English medium school
(B) Nazi Youth Movement
(C) an urban school in Germany
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) Nazi Youth Movement
Question 29.
The two friends talked for two hours on
(A) the political situation of Germany
(B) about Hitler’s behavior
(C) about track and field, the world situation, and a dozen other things
(D) all the above
Answer:
(C) about track and field, the world situation, and a dozen other things
Question 30.
What helped Owens qualifying for the finals?
(A) Long’s true and comforting words
(B) His anger for Hitler
(C) His determination
(D) Long qualifying for the finals easily
Answer:
(A) Long’s true and comforting words
Question 31.
Where did Owens walk over to that night?
(A) To the Olympic ground
(B) To the Olympic village
(C) Luz Long’s room
(D) To his coach’s quarters
Answer:
(C) Luz Long’s room
Question 32.
How long did Owens and Long talk?
(A) For an hour
(B) For two hours
(C) For few hours
(D) Till morning
Answer:
(B) For two hours
Question 33.
Owens and Luz Long didn’t talk about _____________.
(A) track and fields
(B) themselves
(C) the world situation
(D) other athletes
Answer:
(D) other athletes
Question 34.
What did Owens know Luz wanted him to do?
(A) Give his best
(B) Let him win
(C) Try to beat him
(D) Participate in the games
Answer:
(A) Give his best
Question 35.
Luz long wanted Owens to give his best, even if that meant _____________.
(A) Owen’s win
(B) Proving the Aryan supremacy theory wrong
(C) Owen’s defeat
(D) Hitler getting angry
Answer:
(A) Owen’s win
Question 36.
Who broke his own past record?
(A) Luz Long
(B) Jesse Owens
(C) Both Long and Owens
(D) None of them
Answer:
(A) Luz Long
Question 37.
Luz Long breaking his own past record pushed Owens on to _____________.
(A) difficult situation
(B) peak performance
(C) annoying situation
(D) breaking his own record
Answer:
(B) peak performance
Question 38.
What was the Olympic record set by Owens?
(A) 26 feet 8 1/4 inches
(B) 28 feet 61/4 inches
(C) 26 feet 5 1/4 inches
(D) 28 feet 8 1/4 inches
Answer:
(C) 26 feet 5 1/4 inches
Question 39.
How far were the stands where Hitler was glaring at the two athletes?
(A) Less than a hundred yards
(B) A hundred meters
(C) Less than a hundred meters
(D) A hundred inches
Answer:
(A) Less than a hundred yards
Question 40.
Who was/were by the narrator’s side congratulating him for the win?
(A) Jesse Owens
(B) Adolf Hitler
(C) Luz Long
(D) Other American athletes
Answer:
(C) Luz Long
Question 41.
What was the greatest Olympic prize for Jesse Owens?
(A) Setting the Olympic record
(B) Proving Hitler wrong
(C) Beating Hitler’s best athlete
(D) The friendship of Luz Long
Answer:
(D) The friendship of Luz Long
Question 42.
Who is the father of the modem Olympic games?
(A) Jesse Owens
(B) Pierre de Coubertin
(C) Luz Long
(D) Adolf Hitler
Answer:
(B) Pierre de Coubertin
Question 43.
What according to Coubertin is the most important thing in the Olympic Games?
(A) Winning
(B) Participating
(C) Making friends
(D) Setting world records
Answer:
(B) Participating
Question 44.
Coubertin said that the most important thing in life is not conquering but _____________.
(A) participating
(B) playing with a friendly spirit
(C) helping each other in need
(D) fighting well
Answer:
(D) fighting well
Question 45.
Who was/were the epitome of Coubertin’s ideal?
(A) Jesse Owens
(B) Luz Long
(C) The Olympic participants
(D) German athletes
Answer:
(B) Luz Long
Question 46.
Which of the following is not an adverb?
(A) Easily
(B) Bitterly
(C) Physically
(D) Silly
Answer:
(D) Silly
Question 47.
He had kept his plans _____________.
(A) hands down
(B) hot under collars
(C) under secret
(D) under wraps
Answer:
(D) under wraps
Question 48.
Tendulkar’s double century is the _____________ individual score in a one-day cricket match.
(A) all-time highest
(B) all-time high
(C) all-time best
(D) all-time record
Answer:
(B) all-time high
Question 49.
You’d not believe he was a security guard, he doesn’t _____________.
(A) appear like that
(B) seem like that
(C) look that part
(D) look the part
Answer:
(D) look the part
Question 50.
He was expected to win the match very easily. (Replace the itallic portion with a suitable idiomatic expression).
(A) under hands
(B) hands down
(C) hands up
(D) under wraps
Answer:
(B) hands down
Question 51.
He has always been very angry with the ways of his neighbor. [Replace the bold word with a suitable idiomatic expression]
(A) on guards
(B) hot-headed
(C) red under the hands
(D) hot under the collar
Answer:
(D) hot under the collar
Question 52.
Which of the following means “to behave in a very silly way”?
(A) Have one’s eyes on
(B) To be in for a surprise
(C) Hot under the collar
(D) Make a fool of oneself
Answer:
(D) Make a fool of oneself
Question 53.
Owens’ had his _____________the long jump.
(A) hands down
(B) eyes on
(C) wraps under
(D) eyes at
Answer:
(B) eyes on
Question 54.
He doesn’t know that he is _____________when he reaches home.
(A) making fool of himself
(B) no exception
(C) little hot under the collar
(D) in for a surprise
Answer:
(D) in for a surprise
Question 55.
All his tension seemed to _____________.
(A) get out
(B) take out
(C) go out
(D) ebb out
Answer:
(A) get out
II. Short Type Questions with Answers:
Question 1.
Why were nationalistic feelings running high during the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin?
Answer:
Nationalistic feelings were running high during the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin because of Hitler’s Nazi theory that Germans were superior to all other races.
Question 2.
How did Luz Long push the narrator on to setting the Olympic record?
Answer:
Luz Long went out to the field the next day trying to beat Owens if he could. But Owens knew that Luz Long wanted him to do his best even if that meant his winning. As it turned out, Luz broke his own past record. In doing so he pushed the narrator on to setting the Olympic record, the peak of performance.
Question 3.
Why did everyone expect Owens to win the long jump easily?
Answer:
Everyone expected Owens to win the long jump easily, because, a year before the advent of the Berlin Olympic Games, he, as a university student, had established the world record of 26 feet 8\ inches (8.13 meters).
Question 4.
What was the surprise that awaited Jesse Owens in Berlin?
Answer:
The surprise that awaited Jesse Owens was a tall German boy, Luz Long’s amazing performance of hitting the pit at almost 26 feet on his practice jumps.
Question 5.
What made Owens determined to beat Luz Long?
Answer:
The fact that made Owens determined to beat Luz Long was that he was a Negro and against this backdrop, he would disprove Hitler’s Aryan superiority theory.
Question 6.
What does a coach say about an angry athlete?
Answer:
A coach says that an angry athlete will commit mistakes. In other words, he says that anger is an athlete’s worst enemy.
Question 7.
What were the results of the first two qualifying jumps for Owens?
Answer:
The results of the first two qualifying jumps for Owens were miserable. He jumped from several inches outside the take-off board for a no-jump.
Question 8.
How did Luz Long help Jesse Owens in qualifying for the final jumps?
Answer:
Luz Long helped Jesse Owens in qualifying for the final jumps by advising him to draw a line a few inches at the back of the take-off board and focussing on his start from there.
Question 9.
Did Owens qualify for the final jump? How did he do that?
Answer:
Thanks to Long’s friendly advice, Owens qualified for the final jump. Brimming with confidence, he drew a line a full foot behind the board and advanced to jump from there and qualified for the final jump.
Question 10.
When did Owens and Long realize that they had become friends?
Answer:
Owens and Long realized that they had become friends after the former went to the latter’s room and talked for two hours concerning track and field, themselves, the global scenario, and a dozen other topics.
Question 11.
What did they discuss in Luz Long’s room in the Olympic village?
Answer:
They discussed in Luz Long’s room in the Olympic village for two hours about track and field, themselves, the world situation, and a dozen of other things.
Question 12.
When did Owens and Long realize that they had become friends?
Answer:
After discussing a lot of things like the track, and field, the world situation, etc. in Luz Long’s room in the Olympic village, Owens finally got up to leave, and they both knew that a real friendship had been formed.
Question 13.
Who was Coubertin? What was his ideal?
Answer:
Coubertin was the founder of the Modem Olympic Games. His ideal was ‘The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part.
Question 14.
Why has Luz Long been called a fine example of Coubertin’s ideal?
Answer:
Luz Long has been called a fine example of Coubertin’s ideal because he proved this by supporting Owens who is his immediate rival in the games when he was disturbed. He was a real hero.
Question 15.
Throw light on Hitler’s theory of the ‘master race’.
Answer:
Hilter’s theory of ‘master race’ states that the Germans belonged to the Aryan race that cut other peoples to size. There was a tinge of arrogance about his tone.
Question 16.
“I wasn’t too worried about all this.” What did ‘this’ signify here?
Answer:
‘This’ signified the fact that Owens was not bothered about Hitler’s slogan of Aryan superiority which gave rise to unprecedented nationalistic feelings.
Introducing the Author:
James Cleveland “Jesse” Owens (1913-1980), an American track and field athlete, is an icon in the world of sports. In 1936, Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for the United States in the Summer Olympics. Adolf Hitler was using the games to show the world a resurgent Nazi Germany. He and other government officials had high hopes that German athletes would dominate the games with victories (the German athletes achieved a “top of the table” medal haul). Meanwhile, Nazi propaganda promoted concepts of “Aryan racial Superiority” and depicted ethnic Africans as inferior.
Owens’ surprised many by winning four- gold medals: On August 3, 1936, he won the 100 m sprint, defeating Ralph Metcalfe; on August 4, the long jump (later crediting friendly and helpful advice from Luz Long, the German competitor he ultimately defeated), on August 5, the 200 m sprint; and after he was added to the 4 x 100 m relay team, following a request by the Germans to replace a Jewish-American sprinter, he won his fourth on August 9, a performance not equaled until Carl Lewis, won gold medals in the same events at the 1984 Summer Olympics. These four gold, medals made Jesse Owens globally famous. In 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower honored Owens by naming him ‘an Ambassador of sports’.
About the Topic:
In this essay, Jesse Owens gives vent to his experiences of the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin. Nationalistic feelings were running high in Germany. However, Owens was not worried at all. He was endowed with an unflinching faith in his abilities. Owens set a world record in the long jump defeating the famous German Athlete Luz Long. This essay also deals with Owens’ lasting friendship with him and the spirit of the Olympic Games.
Summary:
The writer takes us back to the summer of 1936 when the Olympic Games took place in Berlin. Adolf Hitler’s slogan of ‘Aryan racial superiority’ sparked intense patriotic feelings. However, Owens was unmoved. He had shed blood, sweat, and tears for the last six years for this moment. He was keen on winning the gold medal, especially in the long jump. Everyone expected him to come out successful in that final event quite easily. A great surprise was in store for Owens.
He noticed a tall German boy named Luz Long perform an amazing performance on his practice leaps. He learned from people that Hitler had kept him secret. The Nazi leader hoped Luz Long to win the jump. Owens was a Negro. Hitler’s theory that Germans were superior to Negroes filled him with anger. Owens was determined to cut Hitler’s vanity to size. Anger had an adverse effect on Owens. The first two of his three qualifying jumps were a dismal failure. His setback in the trial disgusted him. Bitterness gripped him.
To – his stunned disbelief, Luz Long came to Owens and talked to him in a cordial manner. He understood that the American athlete was angry. He frankly said that he did not believe in Aryan supremacy. Luz Long had a lean, muscular frame, clear blue eyes, fair hair, and an impressively handsome face. He saw that Owens’ anger had abated. Lung advised him to draw a line a few inches at the back of the board and focus on his start from there. His advice worked wonders. Owens qualified for the final jump.
That night Owens met Luz Long in his room in the Olympic village to thank him for his timely advice. Their two-hour talk embraced so many things. They were bound by a genuine friendship. The moment everyone had waited for came at last. Luz surpassed his own record. His spectacular feat compelled Owens to give his best performance. And he set the world record of 26 feet 5 inches in his final jump. Despite Hitler’s angry look at them, Luz congratulated Owens and warmly shook his hand with a sweet smile.
‘Owens’ feeling for Luz was indefinable at that moment. In short, the greatest Olympic v prize for Jesse Owens was not the gold medal he won in the long jump, but the friendship > he established with Luz Long. Owens states that Luz Long was a perfect example of an athlete as epitomized by the philosophy of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games. To Coubertin, participation in the Olympics Games is more important than victory. Besides, the essence of life lies not in conquering but in fighting in the right spirit.
ସାରାଂଶ:
ଲେଖକ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ୧୯୩୬ ମସିହା ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମଋତୁରେ ବର୍ଲିନ୍ଠାରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାର ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମିକୁ ନେଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଆଡ଼ଲଫ୍ ହିଟ୍ଲର୍ଙ୍କ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ-ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ଵ ପ୍ରଚାରବାଣୀ ପ୍ରବଳ ଦେଶପ୍ରେମ ଭାବନା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା । ମାତ୍ର ଏହା ଓୟେସଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିନଥିଲା । ଏହି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ପାଇଁ ସେ ସ୍ବେଦ, ଅଶ୍ରୁ, ରକ୍ତକଣିକା ଦେଇ ବିଗତ ୬ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିଥିଲେ । ବିଶେଷତଃ ଲମ୍ବଡ଼ିଆଁରେ ସ୍ବର୍ଣ୍ଣପଦକ ଜିଣିବାପାଇଁ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଅନ୍ତିମ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟରେ ସହଜରେ ସଫଳ ହେବେ ବୋଲି ସମସ୍ତେ ଆଶା କରିଥିଲେ । ଗୋଟିଏ ବିରାଟ ବିସ୍ମୟ ଓୟେସ୍ଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରି ରହିଥିଲା । ଜଣେ ଡେଙ୍ଗା ଜର୍ମାନ୍ ବାଳକର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ଡିଆଁରେ ବିସ୍ମୟକର କୃତିତ୍ଵ ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ । ହିଟ୍ଲର୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗୋପନୀୟଭାବେ ରଖିଥିବାର ସେ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ ।
ନାଜି ନେତାଜଣକ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ ଲମ୍ବଡିଆରେ ପଦକ ଜିତିବେ ବୋଲି ଆଶା କରୁଥିଲେ । ଓୟେସ୍ ଜଣେ ନିଗ୍ରୋ ଥିଲେ । ‘ଜର୍ମାନ୍ମାନେ ନିଗ୍ରୋମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଉତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ’ – ହିଟଲର୍ଙ୍କର ଏହି ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ତାଙ୍କ ମନରେ କ୍ରୋଧ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା । ସେ ହିଲର୍ଙ୍କର ବୃଥା ଗର୍ବକୁ ଖର୍ଚ କରିବାକୁ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ କଲେ । କ୍ରୋଧ ଓୟେସଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରତିକୂଳ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଲା । ତାଙ୍କର ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ପ୍ରଥମ ତିନୋଟି ଡିଆଁ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ପ୍ରଥମ ଦୁଇଟି ଦୟନୀୟ ଭାବେ ବିଫଳ ହେଲା । ଯୋଗ୍ୟତା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟର ବିଫଳତା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅସନ୍ତୁଷ୍ଟ କଲା । ତିକ୍ତତା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜାବୁଡ଼ି ଧରିଲା । ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅବିଶ୍ଵାସ୍ୟ ମନେ ହେଉଥିଲେ ହେଁ ଲୁଜ ଲଙ୍ଗ ଓୟେସଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆସି ଆନ୍ତରିକ ଭାବେ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା କଲେ । ଆମେରିକାନ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାବିତ୍ ଜଣକ ରାଗି ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି ସେ ବୁଝିପାରିଥିଲେ । ସେ ‘ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟ- ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠତ୍ୱ’ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟଭାବେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ ।
ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗଙ୍କର ପତଳା, ମାଂସପେଶୀ ବହୁଳ ଚେହେରା, ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ଵଳ ନୀଳ ଆଖୁ, ସୁନ୍ଦର କେଶ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରୁଥିବା ଭଳି କମନୀୟ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳ ଥିଲା । ଓୟେସଙ୍କ କ୍ରୋଧ ପ୍ରଶମିତ ହେଉଥବାର ସେ ଦେଖିଲେ । ବୋର୍ଡର କିଛି ଇଞ୍ଚ୍ ପଛରେ ଏକ ଗାର ଟାଣି ସେଠାରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀଭୂତ କରି ଡେଇଁବାକୁ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଉପଦେଶ ବିସ୍ମୟକରଭାବେ କାମ କଲା । ଶେଷ ଡିଆଁ ପାଇଁ ଓୟେ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ବିବେଚିତ ହେଲେ । ସେହି ରାତିରେ ଓୟେନ୍ସ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ୍ଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ ଗ୍ରାମସ୍ଥିତ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠରେ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରି ସମେୟାପଯୋଗୀ ଉପଦେଶ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଜ୍ଞାପନ କଲେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଦୁଇଘଣ୍ଟାର କଥୋପକଥନ ଅନେକ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ମିତ୍ରତା ବନ୍ଧନରେ ଆବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ଅପେକ୍ଷିତ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ଶେଷରେ ଉପସ୍ଥିତ ହେଲା। ଲୁଜ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ରେକର୍ଡ ଭଙ୍ଗ କଲେ ।
ତାଙ୍କର ଦର୍ଶନୀୟ ଲମ୍ଫ ଓୟେସଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ସର୍ବଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ କୃତିତ୍ୱ ପାଇଁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କଲା । ସେ ଶେଷ ଡିଆଁରେ ୨୬ ଫୁଟ୍ ୫% ଇଞ୍ଚ ଡେଇଁ ବିଶ୍ଵ ରେକର୍ଡ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠା କଲେ । ହିଟ୍ଲର୍ଙ୍କ କ୍ରୋଧପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଚାହାଣି ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ ମିଠା ହସ ହସି ତାଙ୍କ କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦନ କଲେ । ସେହି ସମୟରେ ଲୁଜ୍ଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ତାଙ୍କ ମନର ଭାବନା ଅବର୍ଣ୍ଣନୀୟ ଥିଲା । ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ କହିବାକୁ ଗଲେ, ଲମ୍ବଡିଆଁରେ ଜିତିଥିବା ସ୍ଵର୍ଣ୍ଣପଦକ ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗଙ୍କ ସହ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ବ ତାଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଥିଲା । ଓୟେନ୍ସ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଆଧୁନିକ ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାର ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା ପେରୀ ଡି କୁବରଟିନ୍ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ଅନୁସାରେ ଲୁଜ୍ ଲଙ୍ଗ ଜଣେ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାବିତ୍ ପ୍ରକୃଷ୍ଟ ଉଦାହରଣ ଥିଲେ । କୁବରଟିନ୍ଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ଅଲିମ୍ପିକ୍ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ାରେ ବିଜୟୀ ହେବା ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହ କରିବା ଅଧୂକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ଏତଦ୍ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ଵ କେବଳ ବିଜୟପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ଉପରେ ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ ଉତ୍ତମ ମନୋଭାବ ନେଇ ସଂଘର୍ଷ କରିବା ଉପରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ।
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Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 1 Whose Horse Was It Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Session – 1
Pre-Reading (ପ୍ରାକ୍-ପଠନ):
See the picture. (ଛବିଟିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର)
1. What do you see?
(କ’ଣ ଦେଖୁଛ ?)
Answer:
I see picture of a city with two men on the horse.
2. Who are there?
(ସେଠାରେ କେଉଁମାନେ ଅଛନ୍ତି ? )
Answer:
There are two men on a horse.
3. What can be the place?
(ସ୍ଥାନଟି କ’ଣ ହୋଇପାରେ ?)
Answer:
The place may be a road in a city.
Look at the picture and the title of the lesson. Do you think the picture is about the title? Read the story to know.
(ଚିତ୍ର ଏବଂ ବିଷୟର ଶୀର୍ଷକକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର । ଚିତ୍ରଟି କ’ଣ ଶୀର୍ଷକ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ ? ଅବଗତି ନିମନ୍ତେ ଗଳ୍ପଟିକୁ ପାଠ କର ।)
II. While Reading (ପଢ଼ିବା ସମୟରେ)
• The teacher will ask students to read the story part by part silently. After the students have read a part silently, s/he will ask the comprehension questions meant for the SGP. Only then can s/he can move to the next part. (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ଗପଟି ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦପରେ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ କ୍ରମରେ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ିବାକୁ କହିବେ । ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ନୀରବର ପଢ଼ିସାରିବା ପରେ ସେ ତାହା ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିବେ ।)
Text
• SGP – 1
• Read paragraphs 1-2 silently and answer the questions that follow.
1. One day ………………………………. rode to the town.
ଦିନେ ଜଣେ ଯୁବକ ତାଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସହର ପାଖାପାଖି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଭିକାରି ଦେଖିଲେ । ଭିକାରିଟି ଚିତ୍କାର କରି ସେ ଯୁବକଙ୍କୁ କହିଲା । ମହାଶୟ, ଦୟାକରି ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ମୋତେ ବଜାରକୁ ନେଇଯାଆନ୍ତୁ । ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ । ଦୟାଳୁ ଯୁବକ ରାଜି ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଭିକାରି ଜଣକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଉପରେ ବସାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ସହରକୁ ଗଲେ ।
2. They reached …………………………………….. go to him”.
ସେମାନେ ବଜାରରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ଯୁବକ କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ ଏବେ ଘୋଡ଼ାରୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇପଡ଼ ।’’ ‘‘କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାରୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇଯାଅ । ଭିକାରି ଜଣକ ଓଲଟା କହିଲା । ‘ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ା ? ଏଇଟି ମୋର ଘୋଡ଼ା । ‘ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ା ?”’ ‘ହଁ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ା । ଓହ୍ଲାଇପଡ଼ ନହେଲେ ମୁଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ତୁମକୁ ନେଇଯିବି । ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ଚାଲ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ।’’
Word Meaning
young man : ଯୁବକ
gate : entrance or passage way (ପ୍ରବେଶ ଦ୍ଵାର)
lame : unable to walk well (ଯିଏ ଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ଚାଲି ପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ / ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ / ଭିନ୍ନକ୍ଷମ )
agreed : united by being of the same opinion (ରାଜି ହେଲେ)
rode : sit and travel on the back of an animal (ଯାତ୍ରା କଲେ)
get off : to climb down (ସ୍ଥାନ ଚାଡ଼ିବା / ଓହ୍ଲାଇ ପଡ଼ିବା) (opposite of geton)
go on : continue (କୌଣସି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଚାଲୁ ରଖୁବା)
kind : good-hearted I kind hearted / gracious (ଦୟାଳୁ)
Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)
Question 1.
Who was going to the town?
(କିଏ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
A young man was going to the town.
Question 2.
Who did he see at the town gate?
(ସହରର ଫାଟକ ପାଖରେ ସେ କାହାକୁ ଦେଖିଲେ ?)
Answer:
He saw a beggar at the town gate.
Question 3.
What did the beggar ask for?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କ’ଣ ମାଗିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar asked the young man for taking him to the town market.
Question 4.
What did the young man do? Why?
(ଯୁବକଟି କ’ଣ କଲା ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The young man put the beggar on his horse because the beggar was a lame man.
Question 5.
What did he ask the beggar to do at the market?
(ସେ ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ ବଜାରରେ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man asked the beggar to get off the horse at the market.
Question 6.
What did the beggar say?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar refused to get off.
Question 7.
Whom did they go to settle their quarrel?
(ସେମାନେ କାହା ପାଖକୁ କଳି ସମାଧାନ କରିବାକୁ ଗଲେ ?)
Answer:
They went to the king’s officer to settle their quarrel.
Session – 2
• Read paragraphs 3 and 4 silently and answer the questions that follow.
3. So, they ………………………………………………… my horse from him.
ତେଣୁ ସେମାନେ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କମର୍ଚାରୀଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲେ । ଯୁବକଟି କହିଲା, ‘ମହଶୟ, ମୁଁ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ଚଢି ସହରକୁ ଆସୁଥୁଲି । ଏ ଲୋକଟି ସହରର ହାଟକୁ ଆସିବାପାଇଁ ଇଚ୍ଛାକଲା । ସେ ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ । ଏଣୁ ମୁଁ ତାକୁ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ବସାଇ ବଜାରକୁ ଆଣିଲି । ସେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କହୁଛି ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ତା’ର । ମହାଶୟ, ଦୟାକରି ମୋତେ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ଫେରିପାଇବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତୁ ।
4. The beggar said …………………………….. not know.
ଭିକାରିଟି କହିଲା, ‘‘ଆଜ୍ଞା ସେ
ଯୁବକ ଗୋଟିଏ ଚୋର ଏବଂ ମିଛୁଆ ।
ଏଇଟି ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ା । ମୁଁ
ଛୋଟାଲୋକ । ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
ଚାଲିପାରେନା । ଏଣୁ ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ମୁଁ
କିଣିଛି । ରାଜାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀ ଉଭୟଙ୍କୁ
ଭଲକରି ଅନାଇଲେ । କିଏ ଏମାନଙ୍କ
ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଚୋର ? କାହାର ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ା ?
ସେ ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ ।
Word Meaning
riding : ride on a horse (ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚଢ଼ି ଆସୁଥୁଲି)
help : give assistance (ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା)
thief: one who steals (ଚୋର)
liar: one who tells lie (ମିଛୁଆ)
bought: got something by paying money (କିଣିଛି)
well: ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
looked at: ଚାହିଁଲା
Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)
Question 1.
Who listened to their complaint?
(କିଏ ତାଙ୍କର ଅଭିଯୋଗ ଶୁଣିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The king’s officer listened to their complaint.
Question 2.
What did the beggar say ?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar said that he was a lame man. He could not walk well. So he bought that horse.
Question 3.
Could the officer decide their case?
(ଅଫିସରଜଣକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ୟା ବୁଝିପାରିଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
No, the officer could not decide their case.
Question 4.
The officer couldn’t decide their case. Why? Let’s see what will happen next.
(ଅଫିସରଜଣକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ୟା ନିଷ୍ପଭି କରିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ? ଚାଲ ଦେଖିବା ତା’ପରେ କ’ଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
The officer could not decide their case because he could not know who was the right owner.
• SGP-3
• Read paragraphs 5 and 6 silently and answer the questions that follow.
5. “Sir ………………………………. left eye”.
ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ମହାଶୟ ମୁଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିପାରେ କି ? ରାଜ କର୍ମଚାରୀ କହିଲେ, ‘ନିଶ୍ଚୟ, ପଚାର ।’’ ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ତା’ମୁଣ୍ଡରୁ ଟୋପିଟି କାଢିନେଲା ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ଘୋଡାର ଆଖୁରେ ଘୋଡ଼ାଇଦେଲା । ତା’ପରେ ସେ ଭିକାରିକୁ କହିଲା, ‘ତୁମେ କହୁଛ, ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ା ତୁମର । ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ାକୁ ତୁମେ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିଛ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମୋତେ କୁହ, ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଦୁଇ ଆଖ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେଉଁଟି ଅକାମୀ ? ଡାହାଣ ଆଖୁ ନା ବାମ ଆଖ୍ ?’’ ଭିକାରିଟି ଥଙ୍ଗ ଥଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ କହିଲା, ଡାହାଣ ଆଖୁ, ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ଜୋରଦେଇ ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ଡାହାଣ ଆଖ୍ ? ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ତ ?, ‘‘ଭିକାରିଟି ଥଙ୍ଗ ଥଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ ପୁଣି କହିଲା,’’ ନା- ବାମ ଆଖ୍ !
6. The young man ………………………………….. prison.”
ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ଆଡକୁ ଅନାଇ କହିଲା, ‘ମହାଶୟ ମୋର ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଆଖୁ ଦୁଇଟି ପୂରା ଠିକ୍ । ଆଦୌ କଣା କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ଧ ନୁହେଁ । ଦୟାକରି ତା’ର ଆଖୁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚାହାଁନ୍ତୁ ।
ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀ ଜଣକ ଘୋଡ଼ାମୁହଁରୁ ଟୋପିଟି କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ । ସେ ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଦୁଇ ଆଖୁକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ଆଦୌ ଅନ୍ଧ ନଥୁଲା ।
ସେ ଭିକାରିକୁ କହିଲେ ‘ତୁ ଗୋଟାଏ ଚୋର ।’’ ମୋ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଅ । ମୁଁ ତୋତେ ବନ୍ଦୀ ଘରେ ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେବି ।’’
Word Meaning
took off : remove (ବାହାର କରିଦେବା / ଖୋଲିଦେବା)
sure : to be confident about something (ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ହେବା)
question: a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)
turbans: a traditional headdress consisting of a long scarf wrapped around the head (ପଗଡ଼ି)
quickly: speedily
covered : wrapped (ଘୋଡ଼ାଇ ପକାଇଲା)
blind: unable to see (ଅନ୍ଧ)
Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)
Question 1.
What did the young man do with his turban?
(ଲୋକଟି ତାହାର ପଗଡ଼ିକୁ କ’ଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man took off his turban and quickly covered the eyes of the horse.
Question 2.
What did he ask the beggar?
(ସେ ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
He asked the beggar to tell which of the horse’s eyes was blind.
Question 3.
Could the beggar answer his question? Why?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇପାରିଲା କି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The beggar couldn’t answer his question correctly because the horse has not belonged to him.
Question 4.
What did the young man say?
(ଯୁବକଟି କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man said that his horse’s eyes were alright.
Question 5.
What did the officer do to find the truth?
(ସତ୍ୟ ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ ଅଫିସରଜଣକ କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The officer took him to get him in prison to find the truth.
Question 6.
What happened to the beggar?
(ଭିକାରୀଟିର କ’ଣ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar was put in prison.
Session- 3
III. Post-Reading (ପଢ଼ିବା ପରେ )
1. Visual Memory Development Technique (VMDT)
Whole Text: The young man saw a beggar near the town gate.
Put the beggar on his horse.
I don’t want to get off.
Went to the king.
Part: Paragraphs 5 and 6-took off his turban, covered the horse’s head, not blind at all, I’ll put you in prison.
Comprehension Activities : (ବୁଦ୍ଧି ପରିମାପକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ)
MCQs :
Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks.
Question 1.
The young man saw ___________ near the town gate.
(A) a priest
(B) a beggar
(C) a grocer
(D) a greengrocer
Answer:
(B) a beggar
Question 2.
The beggar told not to __________.
(A) get off the horse
(B) go to the king
(C) get down at the marketplace
(D) speak to the young man
Answer:
(A) get off the horse
Question 3.
The young man and the beggar met ___________.
(A) the king
(B) the minister
(C) the gate-keeper
(D) the king’s officer
Answer:
(D) the king’s officer
Question 4.
The horse was :
(A) blind in the right eye
(B) blind in the left eye
(C) blind in both the eyes
(D) not blind at all.
Answer:
(D) not blind at all.
Question 5.
__________ was very clever.
(A) The king’s officer
(B) The young man
(C) The beggar
(D) The king
Answer:
(B) The young man
Session- 4
3. Listening : (ଶ୍ରବଣ)
(a) Your teacher read out the following lines from paragraph 2.
Listen to him/her carefully and fill in the blanks with the words missing.
So, they went to the ______. The ______ said to the king’s officer, “Sir, I was ______ to the town on my horse. This man wanted to come to the __________. He is lame. So I brought him to the market on __________. Now he says that _______ is his. Sir, please help me ______ from him”.
Answer:
So, they went to the king’s officer. The young man said to the king’s officer, “Sir, I was riding to the town on my horse. This man wanted to come to the market. He is lame. So I brought him to the market on my horse. Now he says that the horse is his. Sir, please help me to get my horse from him”.
4. Speaking : (କଥନ)
Young man: You can get off here. There’s the market.
Beggar: But I don’t want to get off. You get off my horse. I want to go on.
Young man: Your horse?
Beggar: Yes, it’s mine. Get off or else I’ll take you to the king’s officer
Young man: Alright. Let’s go to him.
5. Vocabulary : (ଶବ୍ଦଜ୍ଞାନ)
Given below are some words in the box. Some words describe the young man. Some words describe the beggar. Choose and write the words under the right person. (Questions with Answers)
| liar, good, cheat, kind, rogue, wise, lame, gentle, clever, intelligent, ungrateful, mean, traitor, malicious, rich, poor, greedy. |
Answer:
| Young man | Beggar |
| good, kind, wise, gentle, clever, intelligent, rich | liar, cheat, rogue, lame, ungrateful, mean, traitor, malicious, poor, greedy. |
Session – 5
6. Writing : (ଲିଖନ)
a. In the activity vocabulary, you have already chosen words describing the two characters. You will write one paragraph for each. (Question with Answer)
For example:
The young man was rich. He was good, kind and gentle.___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
But the beggar was_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Answer:
The young man was rich. He was good, kind, and gentle. He was also wise, clever, and intelligent. He was a rich man. But the beggar was a liar, cheat, rogue, and mean. He was also an ungrateful one. His intention was malicious. He was also greedy and a traitor. Basically, he was poor and a lame man.
b. Write answers to the following questions.
Question 1.
Why did the young man take the beggar on his horse?
Answer:
The young man took the beggar on his horse because he was a kind man and the beggar cried out for help as he was lame and was unable to go the market without any help.
Question 2.
What did the beggar claim?
Answer:
The beggar claimed that he would not get off the horse as it was his horse. He bought that horse because he was lame.
Question 3.
Whom did they go for deciding their quarrel?
Answer:
They went to the king’s officer for deciding their quarrel.
Question 4.
Who decided the quarrel?
Answer:
The king’s officer decided on the quarrel with the help of the cleverness of the young man.
Question 5.
What happened to the thief?
Answer:
The thief was caught red-handed and was sent to prison.
TAIL-PIECE
A Wise King (ଚତୁର ରାଜା)
Once …………………………………… away happily.
ଥରେ ଜଣେ ରାଜା ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କରର ନାମ ଥିଲା ବିକ୍ରମ । ସେ ଜଣେ ଚତୁର ରାଜା ଥିଲେ ।
ଦିନେ ଦୁଇଜଣ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସିଲେ; ସୀତା ଓ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ । ସେମାନେ ଦୁଇ
ଭଉଣୀ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ହାତରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ନବଜାତ
ଶିଶୁ ଥିଲା ।
ସୀତା କହିଲା ‘ଦୟାକରି ମହାରାଜ ଏ
ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ମୋତେ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ମୁଁ ତା’ର ମା ।
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ କହିଲା, ‘‘ନା, ମହାରାଜ ମୁଁ ତା’ର
ମା । ଦୟାକରି ତାକୁ ମୋତେ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ।’’
ରାଜା ବିକ୍ରମ ଦୁଇ ମିନିଟ୍ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ଜଣେ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କୁ ଡାକି କହିଲେ, ‘ମୋ ଖଣ୍ଡାଟା ଆଣ ।’ ଲୋକଟି ଖଣ୍ଡାଟିଏ ଆଣିଲା ।
ରାଜା ଦି’ଜଣଙ୍କୁ ପୁଣି ପଚାରିଲେ ‘ଏ ଶିଶୁଟି କାହାର ?’’
ସୀତା କହିଲା, ‘ମୋ ଶିଶୁ ।’’
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ କହିଲା, ‘‘ସେ ମୋ ଶିଶୁ ।’’
ରାଜା କହିଲେ, ‘ଏ ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ଦୁଇଖଣ୍ଡ କରିଦିଅ । ଅଧେ ସୀତା ନେଉ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଧିକ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ ନେଉ । ହଠାତ୍ ସୀତା କାନ୍ଦିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା ।
‘‘ମହାରାଜ, ଦୟାକରି ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ କାଟନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ । ତାକୁ ବରଂ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ବଞ୍ଚି ରହିଥାଉ ।
ରାଜା କହିଲେ ‘‘ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ସୀତାକୁ ଦିଅ’’ ସେ ହିଁ ଶିଶୁର ପ୍ରକୃତ ମା’ ।
ରାଜା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ମିଛେଇ । ମୁଁ ତୋତେ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦେବି ।’’
ସୀତା ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ କହିଲା, ‘ମହାରାଜ ଦୟାକରି ମୋ ଭଉଣୀକୁ ଦଣ୍ଡିତ କରନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ ।’’
ରାଜା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦେଲେ ନାହିଁ ।
ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକ ଦୁଇଜଣ ଖୁସିରେ ଫେରିଗଲେ ।
Class 8 Questions and Answers Part – I
Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 7th Class English Solutions Lesson 1 Run! Run! Run! Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Session – 1(ପ୍ରଥମ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
I. Pre-Reading (ପ୍ରାକ୍-ପଠନ)
Pre-reading Questions (ପ୍ରାକ୍-ପଠନ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବଳୀ)
Look at the title of the poem and guess who runs.
(କବିତାର ଶିରୋନାମାକୁ ଦେଖ ଏବଂ ଅନୁମାନ କର କିଏ ଦୌଡ଼େ ।)
Answer:
A child runs. (ଜଣେ ପିଲା ଦୌଡ଼େ)
→ Why does s/he run?
(କାହିଁକି ସେ ଦୌଡ଼େ ?)
Answer:
S/he runs to feel and make merry.
→ Where does s/he run?
( କେଉଁଠି ସେ ଦୌଡ଼େ ?)
Answer:
S/he runs away from the city and out of the countryside.
→ Does s/he run out of his/her own interest or someone asks him/her to run?
(ସେ କ’ଣ ନିଜ ଇଚ୍ଛାରେ କିମ୍ବା କିଏ ତାକୁ ଦୌଡ଼ିବାକୁ କୁହେ ?)
Answer:
S/he runs out of his / her own interest.
→ Does s/he get pleasure out of running?
(ସେ କ’ଣ ଦୌଡ଼ିବାରେ ଆନନ୍ଦ ପାଏ ?)
Answer:
Yes, s/he gets pleasure out of running.
Read the poem and see (କବିତାଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ଦେଖ ।)
II. While-Reading ( ପଠନକାଳୀନ):
Text (ପାଠ୍ୟବସ୍ତୁ):
Read the poem silently and answer the questions that follow.
(କବିତାଟିକୁ ନୀରବରେ ପାଠ କର ଏବଂ ନିମ୍ନ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
AWAY from the city
And into the sun.
Out of the country.
Run! Run! Run!
Run in the raindrops!
Run beneath the trees!
Run little races
With each little breeze!
Run down the hillside.
Run up the lane:
Run through the meadow,
Then run back again!
Run and be merry
All through the day!
Run to the country.
Away! Away!
(Mary Daunt)
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସହରରୁ ଦୂର
ଖରା ପ୍ରାନ୍ତରରେ
ଦେଶ ବାହାରେ
ଦୌଡ଼-ଦୌଡ଼-ଦୌଡ଼ !
ଦୌଡ଼ ବର୍ଷା ଟୋପାଟୋପାରେ
ଦୌଡ଼ ଗଛ ମୂଳ (ଛାଇରେ)
ଦୌଡ଼ ଅଳ୍ପ ଧୀର ବେଗରେ
ତାଳ ଦେଇ କୋମଳ ପବନ ସାର୍ଥରେ !
ଦୌଡ଼ ପର୍ବତ/ପାହାଡ଼ କଡ଼େ କଡ଼େ
ଦୌଡ଼ ରାସ୍ତାର ଗଳିକନ୍ଦିରେ
ଦୌଡ଼ ଘାସୁଆ ପଡ଼ିଆ ଉପରେ
ପୁଣି ଫେରିଆସ ଦୌଡ଼ି ଦୌଡ଼ି !
ଦୌଡ଼ ଏବଂ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ ହୁଅ
ଦୌଡ଼ ଦିବା ଆଲୋକରେ !
ଦୌଡ଼ ମଫସଲ ଆଡକୁ,
ଦୂରକୁ ! ଦୂରକୁ !
(ମାରୀ ଡଉଣ୍ଡ)
Notes And Glossary:
AWAY (ଆ) – ଦୂର
city (ସିଟି) – ସହର
country (କର୍ଣ୍ଣ) – ଗ୍ରାମାଞ୍ଚଳ | ମଫସଲ
raindrops (ରେନ୍ଦ୍ରପ୍ସ ) – ବର୍ଷାଟୋପା
beneath the trees (ବିନିଥ ଦ ବ୍ରିଜ୍) – ଗଛ ତଳେ
breeze (ବ୍ରିଜ୍) – କୋମଳ ପବନ
little races (ଲିଟିଲ୍ ରେସେସ୍) – ଛୋଟ ଜାତି
hillside (ହିସାଇଡ୍) – ପାହାଡ଼ କଡ଼େ କଡ଼େ
lane (ଲେନ୍) – ଗଳିକନ୍ଦି
meadow (ମିଡ଼ୋ) – ଘାସୁଆ ପଡ଼ିଆ
be merry (ବି ମେରୀ) – ଆନନ୍ଦିତ ହୁଅ
All through (ଅଲ୍ ଥ୍ରୋ) – ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ | ସାରା
Then (ଦେନ୍) – ତା’ପରେ
again (ଏଗେନ୍) – ପୁଣି | ପୁନର୍ବାର
Comprehension Activities (ବୋଧପରିମାପକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ):
Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the poem?
(କବିତାରେ ବକ୍ତା କିଏ ?)
Answer:
The poet is the speaker in the poem.
Question 2.
How many times does the poet repeat the word “run”?
( କବି କବିତାରେ କେତେଥର ଦୌଡ଼ (run) ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The poet repeats the word ‘run’ twelve times.
Question 3.
Is the poet happy? Why? Why not?
(କବି କ’ଣ ଖୁସି ? କାହିଁକି ? କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
Yes, the poet is happy to see a restless child who tries to keep himself full of activities.
Question 4.
Find in the second stanza the word that means ‘under’.
(ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପଦରେ under (ତଳେ) ବୁଝାଉଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଟିକୁ ଖୋଜ ।)
Answer:
The word ‘beneath’ means ‘under’ in the second stanza.
Question 5.
When should one run? Why do you run?
(କେତେବେଳେ ଜଣେ ଦୌଡ଼େ ? ତୁମେ କାହିଁକି ଦୌଡ଼ ?)
Answer:
One needs to run when one gets to be out of laziness We need to run to free our limbs (ଅଙ୍ଗପ୍ରତ୍ୟଙ୍ଗ) and minds (ମନକୁ ହାଲୁକା କରିବାକୁ).
Question 6.
There are some words about Nature described in the poem. One is the sun. What are the other words?
(କବିତାରେ ପ୍ରକୃତି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି । ଗୋଟିଏ ହେଉଛି ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ । ସେହିପରି ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
The words related to Nature (ପ୍ରକୃତି) are raindrops, trees, breeze, hill-side, meadows (ପ୍ରାନ୍ତର).
Question 7.
Does the poet like to run in the raindrops? Why? Why not?
(କବି କ’ଣ ବର୍ଷାଟୋପାରେ ଦୌଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି ? କାହିଁକି ? କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
Yes, the poet always likes to run in the raindrops, because it gives him a nice feeling and merriment.
Question 8.
Why does the poet start and end the poem with the word “AWAY”?
(କବି କବିତାଟିର ଆରମ୍ଭ ଓ ସମାପ୍ତି – AWAY (ଦୂରେଇ ଦୂରେଇ) ଶବ୍ଦଦ୍ୱାରା ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The poet uses the word – AWAY – at the start and end of the poem because s/he wants to free the body and mind from routine life.
Question 9.
What does the poet want the readers to do?
(ପାଠକମାନେ କ’ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ ବୋଲି କବି ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The poet wants the readers to free themselves from routine life to real life and merry life.
Question 10.
Do you like running through the meadow? Why? Why not?
(ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ଘାସ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତରରେ ଦୌଡ଼ିବାକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କର ? କାହିଁକି ? କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
Yes, I like to run through the meadow as it serves like a soft mat and makes running enjoyable and harmless (ଅକ୍ଷତ).
III. Post-Reading (ପଠନ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ )
Session – 2 (ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
1. VMDT (ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ସ୍ମୃତି ବିକାଶ କୌଶଳ):
2. Comprehension Activities (ବୋଧପରିମାପକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ)
MCQs: Choose the right answer from the options :
Question 1.
The poet wants to run ____________.
(A) into the city
(B) away from the sun
(C) in the raindrops
(D) down the riverside
Answer:
(C) in the raindrops
Question 2.
The poet is ____________.
(A) happy
(B) unhappy
(C) angry
(D) worried
Answer:
(A) happy
Question 3.
The word ’run’ has been used ____________ times in the poem.
(A) five
(B) eight
(C) twelve
(D) ten
Answer:
(C) twelve
Question 4.
Which word is similar in meaning to ‘green field’?
(A) lane
(B) meadow
(c) breeze
(D) merry
Answer:
(B) meadow
3. Listening (ଶ୍ରବଣ)
(a)TPR :
(Teacher demonstrates with instructions in English how to – run into the class, run in the class, run away from the class etc. Then s/he reads aloud the phrases and learners do the actions.) (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ନିଜେ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରିବେ)
(i) ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠରେ ଧାଇଁବା
(ii) ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ବାହାରକୁ ଧାଇଁବା ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।
1. Run in the class. – Students act.
(ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଭିତରେ ଦୌଡ଼)- (ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ କରିବେ)
2. Run away from the class. – Students act.
(ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବାହାରକୁ ଦୌଡ଼) – ( ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ କରିବେ )
3. Run back to the class. – Students act.
(ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଦୌଡ଼) – (ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ କରିବେ)
4. Run into the class. – Students act.
(ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଭିତରକୁ ଦୌଡ଼) – (ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ କରିବେ )
(b) Listen to the words and write in a good hand in your notebook. The teacher dictates the words- city, sun, country, tree, race, breeze, hill, lane, meadow, and merry.
(ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଧାନର ସହିତ ଶୁଣ ଏବଂ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଅକ୍ଷରରେ ତୁମ ଖାତାରେ ଲେଖ । ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ କରିବେ- ସିଟି, ସନ୍, କଣ୍ଟି, ଟ୍ରି, ରେସ୍, ବ୍ରିଜ୍, ହିଲ୍, ଲେନ୍, ମେଡ଼ା, ମେରି ।)
Session – 3 (ତୃତୀୟ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
4. Speaking (କହିବା) :
(a) Reading aloud (ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ବରରେ ପଢ଼ିବା)
Teacher reads aloud one line, students repeat after him/her in chorus. (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଗୋଟିଏ ଧାଡ଼ି ପଠନ କରିବେ, ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ମିଳିତ ସ୍ବରରେ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରିବେ ।)
(b) Chain-drill (ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)
“Run and be merry all through the day.” (ଦୌଡ଼ ଏବଂ ଖୁସି ହୁଅ ଦିନସାରା ।)
(c) Rhyming words (ଯତିପାତ ପଡ଼ୁଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦାବଳୀ)
(Teacher reads aloud the rhyming words and students repeat after him in chorus)
sun – run, trees – breeze, lane – again, day – away (ସନ୍-ରନ୍, ଟ୍ରିଜ୍-ବ୍ରିଜ୍, ଲେନ୍-ଏଗେନ୍, ଡେ-ଆୱେ)
Session – 4 (ଚତୁର୍ଥ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
5. Vocabulary (ଶବ୍ଦଜ୍ଞାନ) :
(a) Match the following phrases under ’A’ with phrases under ‘B’. One is done for you. (‘A’ର ଶବ୍ଦାବଳୀ ସହିତ ‘B’ର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ଶବ୍ଦାବଳୀକୁ ମିଳାଅ ।) (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ସହ ଉତ୍ତର)
Answer:
(b) Given below a list of words on the left. Write their meanings choosing from brackets against each word. (ବାମ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ କିଛି ଶବ୍ଦାବଳୀ ଅଛି ।ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅର୍ଥ ବନ୍ଧନୀ ମଧ୍ଯରୁ ବାଛି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଲେଖ ।)
(green field, cool air, road, cheerful)
merry: __________________
lane: ____________________
breeze: __________________
meadow: __________________
Answer:
merry: cheerful
breeze: cool air
lane: road
meadow: green field
(c) Given below are some words. Pair them together according to the way they are pronounced.
(ନିମ୍ନରେ କେତେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଯୋଡ଼ି ଯୋଡ଼ି କରି ଦର୍ଶାଅ ।)
away, sun, trees, run, again, breeze, day, lane
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Answer:
away — day,
sun — run
trees — breeze,
again — lane
(d) Mark the underlined word in the following sentence. (ନିମ୍ନ ବାକ୍ୟଗଡ଼ିକରୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କର ।)
Run down the hillside.
The word hillside is – hill + side.
Now you add ‘side’ with the words – river, country, sea, road, and lake and write the new words. One is done for you.
ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡିକରେ side ଯୋଗକରି ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ ।
river + side = riverside
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Answer:
river + side = riverside
country + side = countryside
sea + side = seaside
road + side = roadside
lake + side = lakeside
(e) Order the jumbled letters and make words. One is done for you.
(ଗୋଳମାଳିଆ ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଜାଇ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠନ କର ।)
yad, tunyrco, nur, snu, ityc, rete, neal, doweam
Answer:
yad – day
tunyrco – country
nur – run
snu – sun
ityc – city
rete – tree
neal – lane
doweam – meadow
Session – 5 (ପଞ୍ଚମ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
6. Usage (ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ)
(a) Change the following lines like the example.
(ଉଦାହରଣ ମୁତାବକ ନିମ୍ନ ଧାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାଅ ।)
I run into the sun.
Example: I am running into the sun.
(b) Read the poem and write the words which go with ‘run’. One is – done for you. (କବିତାଟିକୁ ପାଠ କରି run ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ମିଶାଇ ଲେଖ । ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ଲେଖାଥିବା ଉଦାହରଣକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)
Answer:
Session – 7 (ଷଷ୍ଠ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ)
7. Writing (ଲିଖନାତ୍ମକ) :
(a) Read the following lines of the poem. They are not in order. Order them. You may see the poem if necessary. (କବିତାର ନିମ୍ନ ଧାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପାଠ କର । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଠିକ୍ କ୍ରମରେ ନାହିଁ । ଠିକ୍ କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଅ ଆବଶ୍ୟକସ୍ଥଳେ କବିତାଟିକୁ ଦେଖପାର ।)
With each little breeze!
Run beneath the trees!
Run little races
Run in the raindrops!
Answer:
Run in the raindrops!
Run beneath the trees!
Run little races
With each little breeze!
b) Change the underlined words of the stanza using your own words and get your new poem and get your new poem. (ପଦଟିରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ନିମ୍ନ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବଦଳରେ ନିଜସ୍ୱ ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିଜସ୍ବ ନୂତନ ପଦଟିକୁ ଲେଖ ।)
Run down the hillside.
Run up the lane:
Run through the meadow.
Then run back again!
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Answer:
Run down the valley.
Run up the field:
Run through the forest.
Then run back mild! (ଉଦାସ)
8. Mental Talk (ମାନସ କଥନ):
Run and be merry all through the day ! ଦୌଡ଼ ଏବଂ ଦିନସାରା ଖୁସି ରୁହ ।
9. Let’s Think (ଚାଲ ଚିନ୍ତାମଗ୍ନ ହେବା) :
How do you feel when you run and play with your friends? Where do you like to run and play?
Answer:
I feel happy and cheerful when I run and play with my friends. I like to run and play in the park.
(A) Choose the right answer from the options.
Question 1.
The poet wants to run ____________.
(i) above the trees
(ii) beneath the trees
(iii) through the countryside
(iv) by the side of the trees
Answer:
(ii) beneath the trees
Question 2.
The poet wants to run back to the ____________.
(i) hillside
(ii) meadows
(iii) countryside
(iv) city/country
Answer:
(iv) city/country
(B) Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Why does the poet want to run?
Answer:
The poet does not want to remain under the limitation of life. He is attracted to the scenic beauty of nature. So he wants to be run.
Question 2.
Why does the poet want to run with the gentle breeze?
Answer:
The poet feels more pleasure to run with the gentle breeze and under the cool trees because it refreshes his mind.
Question 3.
When does the poet want to run back again?
Answer:
After running down the hillside, running up the lane, and running through the meadow the poet wants to run back again.
BSE Odisha 7th Class English Solutions Part – I