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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 1 ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସର ଉପାଦାନ Objective Questions.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class History Chapter 1 Objective Questions in Odia Medium

ବସ୍ତୁନିଷ୍ଠ ଓ ଅତିସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତରମୂଳକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର
A. ସମ୍ଭାବ୍ୟ ଚାରୋଟି ଉତ୍ତର ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରଟି ବାଛି ଲେଖ ।

୧। ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନାପାଇଁ ଉପାଦାନ ଭାବେ, ଅଭିଲେଖ ବା ଖୋଦିତ ଲେଖ ହେଲା –
(କ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ବୈଦେଶିକ ବିବରଣୀ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ
Answer:
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ

୨। ଏପିଗ୍ରାଫିର ଅର୍ଥ –
(କ) ଶିଳାଲେଖ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଖ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭଗ୍ନାବଶେଷର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
(ଘ) ସାହିତ୍ୟକୃତିର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ
Answer:
(କ) ଶିଳାଲେଖ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ

୩ । ମୁଦ୍ରା ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ ପଦ୍ଧତିକୁ କ’ଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ଏପିଗ୍ରାଫି
(ଖ) ମୁଦ୍ରାତତ୍ତ୍ବ
(ଗ) ଅଭିଲେଖଗାରୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳର ଅବଶେଷର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ମୁଦ୍ରାତତ୍ତ୍ବ

୪ । ଭାରତର ପ୍ରାଚୀନତମ ମୁଦ୍ରାରୂପେ କେଉଁ ମୁଦ୍ରାକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ଛାପାମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଖ) ଇହୁଦୀ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ ମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଗ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ମୁଦ୍ରା
(ଘ) କୁଶାଣ ମୁଦ୍ରା
Answer:
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ଛାପାମୁଦ୍ରା

୫ । ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା ଶିଳାଲେଖ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ?
(କ) ଧଉଳି ପାହାଡ଼
(ଖ) ଉଦୟଗିରି
(ଗ) ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼
(ଘ) ଲଳିତଗିରି
Answer:
(ଖ) ଉଦୟଗିରି

୬ । ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କୃତିତ୍ଵ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ଅଛି ?
(କ) ପ୍ରଥମ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) କୁମାରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ

୭ | ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଖ) ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକର୍ଣ୍ଣୀ
(ଗ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀ
(ଘ) ଆଦିତ୍ୟସେନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକଣ୍ଠୀ

୮। ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ନରପତି ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କେଉଁଥୁରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ପ୍ରୟାଗ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଖ) ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଗ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି

୯ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖ ଶକ ଶାସକ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ ଗୁଣକୀର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ଅପ୍‌ସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(କ) ଗିରନାର୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତରାଭିଲେଖ

୧୦ । ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
(ଖ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ପାଣିନି
(ଘ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
Answer:
(ଖ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ

୧୧ । ‘ମାଳବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଖ) କାଳିଦାସ
(ଗ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଘ) କଲ୍ହଣ
Answer:
(ଖ) କାଳିଦାସ

୧୨ । ‘ଦଶକୁମାର ଚରିତମ୍’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା
(ଗ) କାଳିଦାସ
(ଘ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(କ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍‌

୧୩ । ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଖ) କଲ୍ହଣ
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
Answer:
(ଖ) କଲ୍ହଣ

୧୪ । କେଉଁ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତର ରାଜବଂଶ ଓ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ଉପରେ ବିବରଣୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ସୂତ୍ର ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ସଙ୍ଗମ ସାହିତ୍ୟ
Answer:
(ଘ) ସଙ୍ଗମ ସାହିତ୍ୟ

୧୫ । କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ଶାସନକାଳରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଘ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
Answer:
(କ) ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ

୧୬ । କାହା ରାଜତ୍ଵକାଳରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) କନିଷ୍କ
(ଖ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଥମ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଘ) ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ

୧୭ । କାହା ରାଜତ୍ଵକାଳରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
(ଖ) କନିଷ୍କ
(ଗ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ସ୍କଦଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(କ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ

୧୮। ‘ଇଣ୍ଡିକା’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ
Answer:
(କ) ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍‌

୧୯ । ‘ତୁଜୁକ୍—ଇ—ଜାହାଙ୍ଗିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଆକବର
(ଖ) ବାବର
(ଗ) ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର
(ଘ) ହୁମାୟୁନ୍
Answer:
(ଗ) ଜାହାଙ୍ଗୀର

୨୦ । ‘ଫୋ—କି—ଓ କି’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍
(ଗ) କୌଟିଲ୍ୟ
(ଘ) ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଫାହିୟାନ୍

୨୧ । ‘ବିକ୍ରମାର୍କ ଚରିତ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଖ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଗ) ବିଶାଖାଦତ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଭାସ
Answer:
(କ) ବିଲ୍‌ହଣ

୨୨ । ‘ମହାଭାଷ୍ୟ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି
(ଖ) କଣ
(ଗ) ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଘ) ବରାହମିହିର
Answer:
(କ) ପତଞ୍ଜଳି

୨୩ । ‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଆଲ୍‌ବେରୁଣୀ
(ଖ) ହସାନ୍ ନିଜାମୀ
(ଗ) ଗୁଲବଦନ ବେଗମ୍
(ଘ) ଅବଦୁଲ୍ଲା
Answer:
(କ) ଆଲ୍‌ବେରୁଣୀ

୨୪ । ‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ‘ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ
(ଖ) ଅମୀର ଖୁସ୍ର
(ଗ) ମିହାଜ-ଉସ୍ -ସିରାଜ
(ଘ) ମହମ୍ମଦ କାଦିର
Answer:
(ଗ) ମୀନ୍‌ହାଜ୍-ଉସ୍-ସିରାଜ

୨୫ । ‘ତାରିଖ-ଇ–ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ
(ଖ) ଅମୀର ଖୁସ୍ର
(ଗ) ମହମ୍ମଦ ଅମୀନ୍
(ଘ) ମହମ୍ମଦ କାଦିର
Answer:
(କ) ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବରାଣୀ

୨୬ । କିଏ ୧୮୩୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ପ୍ରଫେସର ସିଲି
(ଖ) ଜେମ୍ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍ସେପ୍
(ଗ) ଜେମ୍ସ ଆବ୍ରାହମ୍
(ଘ) ଜେମ୍ସ ହାରଗ୍ରୀଡ୍ସ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଜେମ୍‌ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍‌ସେପ୍

୨୭ । ‘ପଞ୍ଚତନ୍ତ୍ର’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ଶୂଦ୍ରକ
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା
(ଗ) ଦଣ୍ଡୀନ୍
(ଘ) ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟଭଟ୍ଟ
Answer:
(ଖ) ବିଷ୍ଣୁଶର୍ମା

୨୮ । ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
(ଖ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଗ) ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
(ଘ) କଲ୍ହଣ
Answer:
(ଗ) ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର

୨୯ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟଙ୍କ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀକୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ପୁରାତନ ବୋଲି ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଖ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଘ) ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଅଶୋକ

୩୦ । ଆଫ୍‌ଗାନିସ୍ଥାନସ୍ଥିତ ଶିଳାଲେଖରେ ଅଶୋକ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଲିପି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ହସ୍ତଲିପି
(ଖ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍‌ଲିପି
(ଗ) ଛବିଲିପି
(ଘ) ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
Answer:
(ଖ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ଲିପି

୩୧ । ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
(କ) ଖାରବେଳ
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଖରୋଷ୍ଟି ଲିପି
Answer:
(ଖ) ଅଶୋକ

୩୨ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଲିପିରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଅକ୍ଷରର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟୁଥିଲା ?
(କ) ଖରୋଷ୍ଟି ଲିପି
(ଖ) ଛବିଲିପି
(ଗ) ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି
(ଘ) ବ୍ର1କ୍ଲିପି
Answer:
(ଗ) ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀଲିପି

୩୩ । ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ ରାଜାଙ୍କର ଆଦେଶ ସମ୍ବଳିତ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କ’ଣ କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଅନୁଶାସନ
(ଖ) ହୁକୁମନାମା
(ଗ) ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ
(ଘ) ଆଇନ
Answer:
(କ) ଅନୁଶାସନ

୩୪ । ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କର ଶିଳାଲେଖଠାରୁ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାର ଅୟମାରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଛି ବୋଲି ବିଚାର କରାଯାଏ ?
(କ) ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵ
ଖ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ
(ଗ) ଆରବୀ
(ଘ) ଗ୍ରୀକ୍
Answer:
(ଖ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ

୩୫ । ଗୋଆଲିୟର ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କର ସୁଶାସନ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଇଛି ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକ
(ଖ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଗ) ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ପୁଲକେଶୀ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜ
Answer:
(ଘ) ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜ

୩୬ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କଦ୍ଵାରା ପରାଜିତ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବାର ଜଣାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଗୋଆଲିୟର ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଖ) ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହସ୍ତମ୍ଭ
(ଗ) ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
(ଘ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି
Answer:
(ଘ) ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି

୩୭ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ ନ ଥିଲେ ବିଖ୍ୟାତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସରେ ଅଜଣୀ ହୋଇ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତେ ?
(କ) ମେହରୌଲୀ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଗ) ଆଲ୍ଲାହାବାଦ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର୍ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଆଲାହାବାଦ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭଲେଖ

୩୮ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ଗୁଣକୀର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ?
(କ) ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ଗିରନାର ଶିଳା ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ

୩୯ । ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସାରନାଥ, ଧଉଳି ଓ ଜଉଗଡ଼ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ନମୁନା ?
(କ) ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଖ) ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ଅଭିଲେଖ
(ଘ) ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ
Answer:
(ଗ) ଧର୍ମୀୟ ଅଭିଲେଖ

୪୦ । ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଭୌମକର, ଗଙ୍ଗ ଓ ଗଜପତି ରାଜମାନେ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିଲେ ?
(କ) ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର
(ଖ) ତାମ୍ରପତ୍ର
(ଗ) ଦାନପତ୍ର
(ଘ) ରୌପ୍ୟପତ୍ର
Answer:
(ଗ) ଦାନପତ୍ର

୪୧ । ବୁଦ୍ଧଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ମଗଧରେ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ଘଟିଥିଲା ?
(କ) ପାଲି
(ଖ) ଆରବୀ
(ଗ) ସଂସ୍କୃତ
(ଘ) ହିନ୍ଦୀ
Answer:
(କ) ପାଲି

୪୨ । କୌଟିଲ୍ୟଙ୍କ ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର କେଉଁ ଯୁଗରେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
(କ) ମୋଗଲ ଯୁଗ
(ଖ) ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଯୁଗ
(ଗ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗ
(ଘ) ମଧ୍ୟଯୁଗ
Answer:
(ଗ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗ

୪୩ । ‘ରାମଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
(କ) ବିଲ୍ହଣ
(ଖ) ବିକ୍ରମାଦିତ୍ୟ
(ଗ) ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀ
(ଘ) ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ
Answer:
(ଗ) ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀ

୪୪ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକର ନନ୍ଦୀଙ୍କ ‘ରାମଚରିତ’ରେ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କଥା ଆଲୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି ?
(କ) ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକ
(ଗ) ବଙ୍ଗରାଜା ରାମପାଳ
(ଖ) ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ
(ଘ) ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀ
Answer:
(ଗ) ବଙ୍ଗରାଜା ରାମପାଳ

୪୫ । ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ କେଉଁ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରେ କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ବଂଶାବଳୀ, ରାଜ୍ୟଶାସନ ଓ ଦଣ୍ଡବିଧ୍ ଉପରେ ସବିଶେଷ ଆଲୋଚନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?
(କ) କୀର୍ତିକୁମୁଦିନୀ
(ଖ) ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ
(ଗ) ରାମଚରିତ
(ଘ) ଚରକ ସଂହିତା
Answer:
(ଖ) ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ

B. ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।

୧। ଭାରତର ବଡ଼ଲାଟ ________ ଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ବିଭାଗ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଲର୍ଡ଼ କର୍ଜନ

୨। ରାଜସ୍ଥାନର __________ ଠାରେ ଜୈନକୀର୍ତ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ଦିଦ୍ୱାରା

୩ । ଦକ୍ଷିଣରେ ମାମାଲ୍ଲପୁରମଠାରେ ଥ‌ିବା _________ ମନ୍ଦିର ପଲ୍ଲବମାନଙ୍କର ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ କୃତିର ପରିଚୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ପ୍ରସ୍ତରକଟା

୪। ___________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି ସାତବାହନ ଶାସକ ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କର ଯଶଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ନାସିକ

୫ । ଭୂଖନନ ଫଳରେ ଭୂମି ଗର୍ଭରୁ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷକୁ ________ ଉପାଦାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ

୬ । ___________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତି ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଐହୋଲ

୭ | ବୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ __________ ଶିଳାଲେଖ ତଥ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଗିରନାର୍

୮। __________ ଙ୍କ ମୁଦ୍ରାରେ ଶିବ ବୃଷଭ ନିକଟରେ ଦଣ୍ଡାୟମାନ ହେବାର ଛବି ଅଙ୍କିତ ହୋଇଛି ।
Answer:
ବିମଳା କାଡ଼ଫିସେସ

୯। ପାଳ, ପ୍ରତିହାର, ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରକୂଟ ଏବଂ ପଲ୍ଲବ ଆଦି ରାଜବଂଶର ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର __________ ମିଳି ନ ଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଐତିହାସିକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା

୧୦ । ତାଞ୍ଜୋରର ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ _________ ସଂସ୍କୃତିର ନମୁନା ବହନ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ଚୋଳ

୧୧ । ‘ପୃଥ୍ୱୀରାଜ ରାସୋ’ର ରଚୟିତା ________ ।
Answer:
ଚାନ୍ଦ ବରଦାଇ

୧୨। __________ ‘ବିକ୍ରମାର୍କ ଚରିତ’ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ।
Answer:
ବିହଣ

୧୩ । ସମୁଦାୟ _________ ଟି ପୁରାଣ ଅଛି ।
Answer:
୧୮

୧୪ । ବୀଣାବାଦନ ଚିତ୍ର ଥବା ମୁଦ୍ରା _________ ଯୁଗରେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତ

୧୫ । ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ___________ ଶିଳାଲେଖ ତଥ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ହାତୀଗୁମ୍ଫା

୧୬ । ___________ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାକୃତ, ପାଲି ଓ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମୀ ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖା ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖ

୧୭ । ‘ସି–ୟୁ—କି’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ

୧୮। ‘ହର୍ଷଚରିତ’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ

୧୯। ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ ଙ୍କ ଶାସନ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ

୨୦ । ‘ମୁଦ୍ରାରାକ୍ଷସ’ର ରଚୟିତା ________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ବିଶାଖାଦତ୍ତ

୨୧ । ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଇତିହାସ ବିଷୟରେ __________ ରୁ ତଥ୍ୟ ମିଳେ ।
Answer:
ମାଦଳାପାଞ୍ଜି

୨୨ । ‘ପତଞ୍ଜଳି’ ____________ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ମହାଭାଷ୍ୟ

୨୩। ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ _____________ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
ଲୌକିକ

୨୪। ___________ ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର

୨୫ । ମୁଦ୍ରା ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ __________ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ

୨୬ । ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂଙ୍କ ପରେ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ _____________ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଇନ୍‌ସିଂ

୨୭ । ‘ତାହିକ୍-ଇ-ହିନ୍ଦୁ’ର ରଚୟିତା ____________ ।
Answer:
ଆଲ୍‌ବେରୁଣୀ

୨୮ । ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ _________ ଧର୍ମାବଲମ୍ବୀ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ବୌଦ୍ଧ

୨୯ । ଫାହିୟାନ୍ __________ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ପଞ୍ଚମ

୩୦ । ‘କୀର୍ତ୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନୀ’ରୁ _________ ଦେଶ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
Answer:
ନେପାଳ

୩୧ । ବାବରଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମଚରିତର ନାମ ___________ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
ବାବରନାମା

୩୨ । ‘ଆକବରନାମାର’ ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ___________ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ଆବୁଲ ଫାଜଲ

୩୩ । ନାଳନ୍ଦା ବିଶ୍ଵବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ବିଷୟରେ _________ ବିବରଣୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ

୩୪ । ‘ହୁମାୟୁନ୍‌ନାମା’ର ରଚୟିତା __________ ।
Answer:
ଗୁଲବଦନ ବେଗମ୍

୩୫ । __________ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରେ ପ୍ରତିହାର ଶାସକ ଭୋଜରାଜଙ୍କର ସୁଶାସନ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଇଛି ।
Answer:
ଗୋଆଲିୟର୍

୩୬ । ‘ଦେବୀ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତମ୍’ରେ ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ଙ୍କ କଥା ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ଅଛି ।
Answer:
ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ

୩୭ । ‘ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍’ମାନଙ୍କ ଇତିହାସ କେବଳ ___________ ରୁ ଜାଣିହୁଏ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା

୩୮ । ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼ ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵରର ___________ ରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।
Answer:
ଧଉଳି ପାଦଦେଶ

୩୯ । __________ ଧାତୁରେ ଛାପାଯୁକ୍ତ ମୁଦ୍ରା ନିର୍ମିତ ।
Answer:
ରୌପ୍ୟ ଓ ତାମ୍ର

୪୦ । ଗୁପ୍ତ ସମ୍ରାଟ __________ ଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ

୪୧ । ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ ସମ୍ରାଟ __________ ଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।
Answer:
ଅଶୋକ

୪୨। ୧୫୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ରୁ ୬୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଇତିହାସର କୌଣସି ଘଟଣା ଜଣାଯାଇ ନ ଥିବାରୁ ଏ ସମୟକୁ _________ ଯୁଗ ବୋଲି ଆଖ୍ୟା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।
Answer:
ଅନ୍ଧକାର

୪୩ । ସମ୍ରାଟ _________ ଙ୍କ ଶାସନ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର ଲେଖ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ଅଶୋକ

୪୪ । ଭାରତର ବନ୍ଦର ଓ ବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ __________ ନାମକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଛି ।
Answer:
ପେରିପ୍ଲସ୍ ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଏରିତ୍ରୀୟସି

୪୫ । ଭୌଗୋଳିକବିତ୍ _________ ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁରଠାରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବନ୍ଦର ଥ‌ିବାର ଅନୁମାନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
ଟଲେମି

୪୬ । ଗୋମତେଶ୍ଵର ବାହୁବଳୀ ମୂର୍ତ୍ତି _________ ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।
Answer:
କର୍ଣ୍ଣାଟକ

C. ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖ ।

୧। ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ବ କହିଲେ କ’ଣ ବୁଝାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ଭୂ-ଖୋଦନ ଫଳରେ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

୨। ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନକୁ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନକୁ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି; ଯଥା – ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷ ଓ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟରାଜି ଏବଂ ମୁଦ୍ରା ।

୩ । ‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
‘ତାହିକ୍—ଇ—ହିନ୍ଦ୍’ ପୁସ୍ତକର ରଚୟିତା ବିଖ୍ୟାତ ଆରବୀୟ ଲେଖକ ଆଲ୍‌ବେରୁଣୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୪ । ହରିଶେଣ କିଏ ?
Answer:
ହରିଶେଣ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଜଣେ କବି ଥିଲେ ।

୫ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ଦୁଇ ମହାକାବ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ଦୁଇ ମହାକାବ୍ୟ ହେଲା – ରାମାୟଣ ଓ ମହାଭାରତ ।

୬ । ସାରନାଥ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ବିକାଶଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ସାରନାଥ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ ବିକାଶଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା ।

୭ । କେଉଁ ଐତିହାସିକଙ୍କ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଭାରତ ଓ ରୋମ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଚାଲିଥିବା ନୌବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଐତିହାସିକ ପ୍ଲିନିଙ୍କ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଭାରତ ଓ ରୋମ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଚାଲିଥିବା ନୌବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ମିଳିଥାଏ ।

୮ | ମୁଦ୍ରା ନ ଥିଲେ କେଉଁମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଇତିହାସ ଅଜ୍ଞାତ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତା ?
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ନ ଥିଲେ ଇତିହାସ ଇଣ୍ଡୋ-ଗ୍ରୀକ୍ ଶାସକ ଡେମିଟ୍ରିୟସ୍ ଓ ମିନେନ୍ଦରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଜ୍ଞାତ ରହିଯାଇଥା’ନ୍ତା ।

୯ । ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଦିଅ ।
Answer:
କୌଟିଲ୍ୟଙ୍କ ‘ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ର’ ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଏକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଅଟେ ।

୧୦ । ଇନ୍‌ସିଂ କିଏ ?
Answer:
ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଇସିଂ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂଙ୍କ ପରେ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୧୧ । କେବେ ଏବଂ କିଏ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
୧୮୩୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଜେମ୍ସ ପ୍ରିନ୍ସେପ୍ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଅଭିଲେଖର ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଠ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳତା ହାସଲ କରିଥିଲେ ।

୧୨ । କେଉଁ ସମ୍ରାଟ୍‌ଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ସମ୍ରାଟ୍ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୧୩ । କେଉଁ ଅଭିଲେଖରୁ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଗିନାର୍ ଅଭିଲେଖରୁ ରୁଦ୍ରଦାମନଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?

୧୪। ଐହୋଲ୍ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଐହୋଲ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଚାଲୁକ୍ୟ ରାଜା ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ ପୁଲକେଶୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।

୧୫ । ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ ମୁଦ୍ରାବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

୧୬ । ଜୈନ ଓ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିଖ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଜୈନ ଓ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାକୃତ ଓ ପାଲି ଭାଷାରେ ଲିଖ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୧୭ । ‘କୀର୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନ’ରୁ କେଉଁ ଦେଶର ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
‘କୀର୍ତ୍ତି କୁମୁଦିନୀ’ରୁ ନେପାଳ ଦେଶର ଶାସନ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।

୧୮ । ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ବିଭାଗ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ବଡ଼ଲାଟ ଲର୍ଡ଼ କର୍ଜନଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ନତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ବିଭାଗ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୧୯ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତରେ ରାଜା ମହାରାଜାମାନେ ନିଜ ନିଜର ଗୁଣଗରିମା କାହା ମାଧ୍ଯମରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତରେ ରାଜା ମହାରାଜାମାନେ ନିଜ ନିଜର ଗୁଣଗରିମା ଅଭିଲେଖ ମାଧ୍ଯମରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଥିଲେ ।

୨୦ । ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ କଥା ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ସାତବାହନ ଶାସକ ଗୌତମୀପୁତ୍ର ସାତକର୍ମୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।

୨୧ । ଅଭିଲେଖ ଉପାଦାନକୁ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖ ଉପାଦାନକୁ ପାଞ୍ଚଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି; ଯଥା – ପ୍ରଶଂସାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ସ୍ମାରକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଧାର୍ମିକ ଅଭିଲେଖ, ଆଜ୍ଞାପତ୍ର ଏବଂ ଦାନପତ୍ର ।

୨୨ । ଅପସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ?
Answer:
ଅପସଡ଼୍ ଅଭିଲେଖ ଆଦିତ୍ୟସେନଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।

୨୩ । ବୟଣାର ସଞ୍ଚ ମୁଦ୍ରା କେଉଁ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ବୟଣାର ସଞ୍ଚ ମୁଦ୍ରା ଗୁପ୍ତଯୁଗର ବାଣିଜ୍ୟିକ ଅବନତି ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।

୨୪ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିବାପାଇଁ କିଏ ବହୁ ଉପାଦେୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଯୋଗାଇଥାଏ ?
Answer:
କଟକ ରାଜବଂଶାବଳୀ ଏବଂ ଉଡ୍ରଦେଶ ରାଜବଂଶାବଳୀ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା କରିବାପାଇଁ ବହୁ ଉପାଦେୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଯୋଗାଇଥାଏ ।

୨୫ । କେଉଁ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ତଥ୍ୟରୁ ଇତିହାସର ଉପାଦାନ ମିଳେ ?
Answer:
ପାଣିନି ଓ ପତଞ୍ଜଳିଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ତଥ୍ୟରୁ ଐତିହାସିକ ଉପାଦାନ ମିଳେ ।

୨୬ । କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜବଂଶର ଇତିହାସ କେଉଁ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
କାଶ୍ମୀର ରାଜବଂଶର ଇତିହାସ ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।

୨୭ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା ପାଇଁ କେତେ ପ୍ରକାର ଉପାଦାନ ରହିଛି ଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ଇତିହାସ ରଚନା ପାଇଁ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର ଉପାଦାନ ରହିଛି; ଯଥା – ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ, ସାହିତ୍ୟିକ ଏବଂ ଅଭିଲେଖାଗାରୀୟ ଉପାଦାନ ।

୨୮ । ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଅଭିଲେଖଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାକୃତ ଭାଷାରେ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୨୯ । ଚାରିବେଦ କେବେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଚାରିବେଦ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ୨୦୦୦ ରୁ ୧୫୦୦ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ବା ବୈଦିକ ସଭ୍ୟତାରେ ରଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୩୦ । ‘ମାଳାବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା କିଏ ?
Answer:
ମହାକବି କାଳିଦାସ ‘ମାଳାବିକାଗ୍ନିମିତ୍ରମ୍’ ନାଟକର ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୩୧ । ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ କେଉଁ ଶାସକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ?
Answer:
ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ ଅଭିଲେଖ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଗୁଣଗାନ କରେ ।

୩୨ । ଗୌତମପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ?
Answer:
ଗୌତମପୁତ୍ରଙ୍କ ବିଷୟ ନାସିକ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।

୩୩ । ଭାରତର ଇତିହାସ ଭାରତ ବାହାରେ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଥ‌ିବା କେଉଁ ଶିଳାଲେଖରୁ ସୂଚନା ମିଳେ ?
Answer:
ଭାରତର ଇତିହାସ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଭାରତ ବାହାରେ ଏସିଆ ମାଇନର ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଥିବା ବୋଘାଜକୋଇ ଲେଖ ଓ ପାରସ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଶିଳାଲେଖରୁ ସୂଚନା ମିଳେ ।

୩୪ । ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ‘କୁମାରପାଳ ଚରିତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୩୫ । ‘କୁମାରସମ୍ଭବ’ର ରଚୟିତା କିଏ ?
Answer:
କାଳିଦାସ ‘କୁମାରସମ୍ଭବ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୩୬ । ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଐତିହାସିକ ଯୁଗ କାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ପୂର୍ବବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ସମୟକୁ ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଐତିହାସିକ ଯୁଗ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

୩୭ । ଇତିହାସର ରଚନା କେବେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ଖ୍ରୀ.ପୂ. ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଇତିହାସର ରଚନା ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୩୮ । ଇତିହାସ ଲେଖିପାଇଁ ଦୁଇଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନର ନାମ ଲେଖ ।
Answer:
ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଓ ବୈଦେଶିକ ଭ୍ରମଣକାରୀଙ୍କ ବିବରଣୀ ଇତିହାସ ଲେଖିବାପାଇଁ ଦୁଇଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନ ଅଟେ ।

୩୯ । ଲିପି ବା ଲେଖରେ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ଲିପି ବା ଲେଖରେ ରାଜା ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କୃତିତ୍ବ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ଓ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତିଗାନ, ଶାସନଗତ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ, ନୀତିଗତ ଅନୁଶାସନ ଓ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ପଦବୀ ମଣ୍ଡନ, ଦାନପତ୍ର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

୪୦ । ଭାରତର ଅତି ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଐତିହାସିକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥର ନାମ କ’ଣ ଅଟେ ?
Answer:
ଋଗ୍‌ବେଦ ଭାରତର ଅତି ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଐତିହାସିକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।

୪୧ । ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନର ନାମ ଲେଖ ।
Answer:
ଲଳିତଗିରି ଓ ଶିଶୁପାଳଗଡ଼ର ଧ୍ୱଂସାବଶେଷ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରତ୍ନତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ ଉପାଦାନ ଅଟେ ।

୪୨ । କେଉଁ ସମୟରେ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?
Answer:
ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଯୁଗର ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ କାଳରେ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

୪୩ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କେତେ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ ଓ କ’ଣ କ’’ଣ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ; ଯଥା — ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟ, ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଓ ବୈଦେଶିକ ବିବରଣୀ ।

୪୪ । ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ?
Answer:
ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ସାହିତ୍ୟ ରଚନାକୁ ଲୌକିକ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

୪୫ । କେଉଁ ଆଇନ ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ନୀତି, ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର ଦାୟିତ୍ଵ ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କହିବା ବଣ୍ଠିତ ହୋଇଛି ?
Answer:
ଧର୍ମସୂତ୍ର ଓ ମନୁସ୍ମୃତି ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ନୀତି ଶାସକମାନଙ୍କର ଦାୟିତ୍ଵ ଓ ପ୍ରଜାମାନଙ୍କର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହୋଇଛି ।

୪୬ । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିବା ଦୁଇଜଣ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବିଦେଶୀ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟକଙ୍କ ନାମ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କର ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତ ଯୁଗରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ, ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଯୁଗରେ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଓ ହର୍ଷଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତ ଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୪୭ । ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭାଭିଲେଖରୁ କେଉଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ?
Answer:
ମେହରୌଲୀ ଲୌହ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭାଭିଲେଖରୁ ଗୁପ୍ତବଂଶର ରାଜା ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।

୪୮ । କିଏ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁର ବନ୍ଦର ଥ‌ିବାର ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲେ ?
Answer:
ଭୌଗୋଳିକ ଟଲେମି ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉପକୂଳରେ ପାଲୁରଠାରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବନ୍ଦର ଥିବା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲେ ।

D. ଭ୍ରମ ସଂଶୋଧନ କର ।

୧। ଗୁପ୍ତରାଜାମାନେ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣରେ ତାମ୍ର ଓ ରୌପ୍ୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା ପ୍ରଚଳନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଗୁପ୍ତରାଜାମାନେ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣରେ ସ୍ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ରୌପ୍ୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା ପ୍ରଚଳନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।

୨। ୬୫୦ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତରୁ ସ୍ୱଦେଶ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
୬୪୪ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତରୁ ସ୍ୱଦେଶ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥିଲେ ।

୩ । ରୁମିନିଦେଇ ହସ୍ତଲିପି ଖାରବେଳଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
Answer:
ରୁମିନିଦେଇ ହସ୍ତଲିପି ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ।

୪ । ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ଚୀନ୍ ପରିବ୍ରାଜକ ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କ ରାଜତ୍ଵ ସମୟରେ ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୫ । ସାମବେଦ ଋଗ୍‌ବୈଦିକ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ଋଗ୍‌ବେଦ ଋଗ୍‌ଦିକ ଆର୍ଯ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଥାଏ ।

୬ | ମୁଦ୍ରା ଉପରେ ଖୋଦିତ ଛବିରେ ତାଲା ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଧରିଥ‌ିବାରୁ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଜଣେ ସଙ୍ଗୀତପ୍ରେମୀ ରାଜା ଥ‌ିବାର ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।
Answer:
ମୁଦ୍ରା ଉପରେ ଖୋଦିତ ଛବିରେ ବୀଣା ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଧରିଥିବାରୁ ସମୁଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ଜଣେ ସଙ୍ଗୀତପ୍ରେମୀ ରାଜା ଥୁବାର ଜଣାପଡ଼େ ।

୭ । ‘ପରିଶିଷ୍ଟ ପର୍ବର’ ଲେଖକ ସାରଳା ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ପରିଶିଷ୍ଟ ପର୍ବ’ର ଲେଖକ ହେମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୮ । ‘ଲଳିତ ବିସ୍ତାର’ ହିନ୍ଦୁଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
‘ଲଳିତ ବିସ୍ତାର’ ବୌଦ୍ଧଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ଅଟେ ।

୯ । ‘ଓଡ଼ିଆ ମହାଭାରତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ଓଡ଼ିଆ ମହାଭାରତ’ର ରଚୟିତା ସାରଳା ଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୧୦ । ‘ମୁକ୍ତି ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି’ର ରଚୟିତା ତୁଳସୀଦାସ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ମୁକ୍ତି ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି’ର ରଚୟିତା ରାଜା ପୁରୁଷୋତ୍ତମଦେବ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୧୧। କହୁଣ ‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
କହୁଣ ‘ରାଜତରଙ୍ଗିଣୀ’ ପୁସ୍ତକ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।

୧୨। ‘ସତ୍ୟାର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ’ର ରଚୟିତା ରାଜା ରାମମୋହନ ରାୟ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ସତ୍ୟାର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ’ର ରଚୟିତା ସ୍ଵାମୀ ଦୟାନନ୍ଦ ସରସ୍ଵତୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୧୩। ‘ତାରିଖ-ଇ-ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ର ଲେଖକ ଫିରୋଜଶାହା ତୁଗଲକ ।
Answer:
‘ତାରିଖ—ଇ–ଫିରୋଜଶାହୀ’ର ଲେଖକ ଜିଆଉଦ୍ଦିନ୍ ବାରାଣୀ ।

୧୪। ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ସପ୍ତମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଫାହିୟାନ୍ ପଞ୍ଚମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଭାରତ ପରିଭ୍ରମଣରେ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୧୫ । “ଏ ହିଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବାପିଷ୍ଟ ମିଶନ୍’’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜେମ୍ସ ହାରଗ୍ରୀଭସ୍ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।
Answer:
‘ଏ ହିଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଅଫ୍ ଦି ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବାପିଷ୍ଟ ମିଶନ୍’’ର ରଚୟିତା ଜେମ୍ସ ପେଗସ୍ ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୧୬ । ଫାହିୟାଙ୍କୁ ଇତିହାସରେ ‘ତୀର୍ଥଯାତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରାଜକୁମାର’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ।
Answer:
ହୁଏନ୍‌ସାଂଙ୍କୁ ଇତିହାସରେ ‘ତୀର୍ଥଯାତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରାଜକୁମାର’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ ।

୧୭ । ‘ଅଭିଜ୍ଞାନ ଶାକୁନ୍ତଳମ୍’ ବରାହମିହିର ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ଅଭିଜ୍ଞାନ ଶାକୁନ୍ତଳମ୍’ କାଳିଦାସ ରଚନା କରିଥିଲେ ।

୧୮। ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକଙ୍କ ଦରବାରକୁ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
ଭାରତୀୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଗୁପ୍ତ ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟଙ୍କ ଦରବାରକୁ ମେଘାସ୍ଥିନିସ୍ ଆସିଥିଲେ ।

୧୯ । ‘ପ୍ରିୟଦର୍ଶିକା’ ନାଟକ ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟଙ୍କର ରଚନା ଅଟେ ।
Answer:
‘ପ୍ରିୟଦର୍ଶିକା’ ନାଟକ ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନଙ୍କର ରଚନା ଅଟେ ।

୨୦ । ‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ଚାନ୍ଦବିବି ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ତବାକତ୍—ଇ—ନାସିରୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ମିହାଜ୍-ଉସ୍-ସିରାଜ ଥିଲେ ।

୨୧ । ‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା କାଳିଦାସ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ରତ୍ନାବଳୀ’ର ରଚୟିତା ହର୍ଷବର୍ଦ୍ଧନ ଥିଲେ ।

୨୨ । ‘ନାଗାନନ୍ଦ’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା କାଳିଦାସ ଥିଲେ ।
Answer:
‘ନାଗାନନ୍ଦ’ ନାଟକର ରଚୟିତା ବାଣଭଟ୍ଟ ଥିଲେ ।

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 8th Class English Solutions Lesson 1 Whose Horse Was It Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 8 English Solutions Lesson 1 Whose Horse Was It

Session – 1

Pre-Reading (ପ୍ରାକ୍-ପଠନ):

See the picture. (ଛବିଟିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର)
1. What do you see?
(କ’ଣ ଦେଖୁଛ ?)
Answer:
I see picture of a city with two men on the horse.

2. Who are there?
(ସେଠାରେ କେଉଁମାନେ ଅଛନ୍ତି ? )
Answer:
There are two men on a horse.

3. What can be the place?
(ସ୍ଥାନଟି କ’ଣ ହୋଇପାରେ ?)
Answer:
The place may be a road in a city.

Look at the picture and the title of the lesson. Do you think the picture is about the title? Read the story to know.
(ଚିତ୍ର ଏବଂ ବିଷୟର ଶୀର୍ଷକକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର । ଚିତ୍ରଟି କ’ଣ ଶୀର୍ଷକ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ ? ଅବଗତି ନିମନ୍ତେ ଗଳ୍ପଟିକୁ ପାଠ କର ।)

II. While Reading (ପଢ଼ିବା ସମୟରେ)
• The teacher will ask students to read the story part by part silently. After the students have read a part silently, s/he will ask the comprehension questions meant for the SGP. Only then can s/he can move to the next part. (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ଗପଟି ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦପରେ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ କ୍ରମରେ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ିବାକୁ କହିବେ । ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ନୀରବର ପଢ଼ିସାରିବା ପରେ ସେ ତାହା ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିବେ ।)

Text
• SGP – 1
• Read paragraphs 1-2 silently and answer the questions that follow.

1. One day ………………………………. rode to the town.
ଦିନେ ଜଣେ ଯୁବକ ତାଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସହର ପାଖାପାଖି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଭିକାରି ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଭିକାରିଟି ଚିତ୍କାର କରି ସେ ଯୁବକଙ୍କୁ କହିଲା । ମହାଶୟ, ଦୟାକରି ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ମୋତେ ବଜାରକୁ ନେଇଯାଆନ୍ତୁ । ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ । ଦୟାଳୁ ଯୁବକ ରାଜି ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଭିକାରି ଜଣକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଉପରେ ବସାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ସହରକୁ ଗଲେ ।

2. They reached …………………………………….. go to him”.
ସେମାନେ ବଜାରରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ଯୁବକ କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ ଏବେ ଘୋଡ଼ାରୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇପଡ଼ ।’’ ‘‘କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇବାକୁ ଚାହେଁ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାରୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇଯାଅ । ଭିକାରି ଜଣକ ଓଲଟା କହିଲା । ‘ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ା ? ଏଇଟି ମୋର ଘୋଡ଼ା । ‘ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ା ?”’ ‘ହଁ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ା । ଓହ୍ଲାଇପଡ଼ ନହେଲେ ମୁଁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ତୁମକୁ ନେଇଯିବି । ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ଚାଲ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ।’’

Word Meaning

young man : ଯୁବକ
gate : entrance or passage way (ପ୍ରବେଶ ଦ୍ଵାର)
lame : unable to walk well (ଯିଏ ଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ଚାଲି ପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ / ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ / ଭିନ୍ନକ୍ଷମ )
agreed : united by being of the same opinion (ରାଜି ହେଲେ)
rode : sit and travel on the back of an animal (ଯାତ୍ରା କଲେ)
get off : to climb down (ସ୍ଥାନ ଚାଡ଼ିବା / ଓହ୍ଲାଇ ପଡ଼ିବା) (opposite of geton)
go on : continue (କୌଣସି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଚାଲୁ ରଖୁବା)
kind : good-hearted I kind hearted / gracious (ଦୟାଳୁ)

Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)

Question 1.
Who was going to the town?
(କିଏ ସହରକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
A young man was going to the town.

Question 2.
Who did he see at the town gate?
(ସହରର ଫାଟକ ପାଖରେ ସେ କାହାକୁ ଦେଖିଲେ ?)
Answer:
He saw a beggar at the town gate.

Question 3.
What did the beggar ask for?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କ’ଣ ମାଗିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar asked the young man for taking him to the town market.

Question 4.
What did the young man do? Why?
(ଯୁବକଟି କ’ଣ କଲା ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The young man put the beggar on his horse because the beggar was a lame man.

Question 5.
What did he ask the beggar to do at the market?
(ସେ ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ ବଜାରରେ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man asked the beggar to get off the horse at the market.

Question 6.
What did the beggar say?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar refused to get off.

Question 7.
Whom did they go to settle their quarrel?
(ସେମାନେ କାହା ପାଖକୁ କଳି ସମାଧାନ କରିବାକୁ ଗଲେ ?)
Answer:
They went to the king’s officer to settle their quarrel.

Session – 2
• Read paragraphs 3 and 4 silently and answer the questions that follow.

3. So, they ………………………………………………… my horse from him.
ତେଣୁ ସେମାନେ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କମର୍ଚାରୀଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲେ । ଯୁବକଟି କହିଲା, ‘ମହଶୟ, ମୁଁ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ଚଢି ସହରକୁ ଆସୁଥୁଲି । ଏ ଲୋକଟି ସହରର ହାଟକୁ ଆସିବାପାଇଁ ଇଚ୍ଛାକଲା । ସେ ଛୋଟା ଲୋକ । ଏଣୁ ମୁଁ ତାକୁ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ବସାଇ ବଜାରକୁ ଆଣିଲି । ସେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କହୁଛି ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ତା’ର । ମହାଶୟ, ଦୟାକରି ମୋତେ ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ଫେରିପାଇବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତୁ ।

4. The beggar said …………………………….. not know.

ଭିକାରିଟି କହିଲା, ‘‘ଆଜ୍ଞା ସେ
ଯୁବକ ଗୋଟିଏ ଚୋର ଏବଂ ମିଛୁଆ ।
ଏଇଟି ମୋ ଘୋଡ଼ା । ମୁଁ
ଛୋଟାଲୋକ । ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
ଚାଲିପାରେନା । ଏଣୁ ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ମୁଁ
କିଣିଛି । ରାଜାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀ ଉଭୟଙ୍କୁ
ଭଲକରି ଅନାଇଲେ । କିଏ ଏମାନଙ୍କ
ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଚୋର ? କାହାର ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ା ?
ସେ ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ ।

Word Meaning

riding : ride on a horse (ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚଢ଼ି ଆସୁଥୁଲି)
help : give assistance (ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା)
thief: one who steals (ଚୋର)
liar: one who tells lie (ମିଛୁଆ)
bought: got something by paying money (କିଣିଛି)
well: ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
looked at: ଚାହିଁଲା

Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)

Question 1.
Who listened to their complaint?
(କିଏ ତାଙ୍କର ଅଭିଯୋଗ ଶୁଣିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The king’s officer listened to their complaint.

Question 2.
What did the beggar say ?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar said that he was a lame man. He could not walk well. So he bought that horse.

Question 3.
Could the officer decide their case?
(ଅଫିସରଜଣକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ୟା ବୁଝିପାରିଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
No, the officer could not decide their case.

Question 4.
The officer couldn’t decide their case. Why? Let’s see what will happen next.
(ଅଫିସରଜଣକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ୟା ନିଷ୍ପଭି କରିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି ? ଚାଲ ଦେଖିବା ତା’ପରେ କ’ଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
The officer could not decide their case because he could not know who was the right owner.

• SGP-3
• Read paragraphs 5 and 6 silently and answer the questions that follow.
5. “Sir ………………………………. left eye”.
ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ମହାଶୟ ମୁଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିପାରେ କି ? ରାଜ କର୍ମଚାରୀ କହିଲେ, ‘ନିଶ୍ଚୟ, ପଚାର ।’’ ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ତା’ମୁଣ୍ଡରୁ ଟୋପିଟି କାଢିନେଲା ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ଘୋଡାର ଆଖୁରେ ଘୋଡ଼ାଇଦେଲା । ତା’ପରେ ସେ ଭିକାରିକୁ କହିଲା, ‘ତୁମେ କହୁଛ, ଏ ଘୋଡ଼ା ତୁମର । ତୁମ ଘୋଡ଼ାକୁ ତୁମେ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିଛ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମୋତେ କୁହ, ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଦୁଇ ଆଖ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେଉଁଟି ଅକାମୀ ? ଡାହାଣ ଆଖୁ ନା ବାମ ଆଖ୍ ?’’ ଭିକାରିଟି ଥଙ୍ଗ ଥଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ କହିଲା, ଡାହାଣ ଆଖୁ, ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ଜୋରଦେଇ ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ଡାହାଣ ଆଖ୍ ? ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ତ ?, ‘‘ଭିକାରିଟି ଥଙ୍ଗ ଥଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ ପୁଣି କହିଲା,’’ ନା- ବାମ ଆଖ୍ !

6. The young man ………………………………….. prison.”
ଯୁବକ ଜଣକ ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ଆଡକୁ ଅନାଇ କହିଲା, ‘ମହାଶୟ ମୋର ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଆଖୁ ଦୁଇଟି ପୂରା ଠିକ୍ । ଆଦୌ କଣା କିମ୍ବା ଅନ୍ଧ ନୁହେଁ । ଦୟାକରି ତା’ର ଆଖୁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚାହାଁନ୍ତୁ ।
ରାଜକର୍ମଚାରୀ ଜଣକ ଘୋଡ଼ାମୁହଁରୁ ଟୋପିଟି କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ । ସେ ଘୋଡ଼ାର ଦୁଇ ଆଖୁକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଘୋଡ଼ାଟି ଆଦୌ ଅନ୍ଧ ନଥୁଲା ।
ସେ ଭିକାରିକୁ କହିଲେ ‘ତୁ ଗୋଟାଏ ଚୋର ।’’ ମୋ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଅ । ମୁଁ ତୋତେ ବନ୍ଦୀ ଘରେ ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେବି ।’’

Word Meaning

took off : remove (ବାହାର କରିଦେବା / ଖୋଲିଦେବା)
sure : to be confident about something (ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ହେବା)
question: a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)
turbans: a traditional headdress consisting of a long scarf wrapped around the head (ପଗଡ଼ି)
quickly: speedily
covered : wrapped (ଘୋଡ଼ାଇ ପକାଇଲା)
blind: unable to see (ଅନ୍ଧ)

Comprehension Questions and Answers : (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର)

Question 1.
What did the young man do with his turban?
(ଲୋକଟି ତାହାର ପଗଡ଼ିକୁ କ’ଣ କଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man took off his turban and quickly covered the eyes of the horse.

Question 2.
What did he ask the beggar?
(ସେ ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
He asked the beggar to tell which of the horse’s eyes was blind.

Question 3.
Could the beggar answer his question? Why?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇପାରିଲା କି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The beggar couldn’t answer his question correctly because the horse has not belonged to him.

Question 4.
What did the young man say?
(ଯୁବକଟି କ’ଣ କହିଲା ?)
Answer:
The young man said that his horse’s eyes were alright.

Question 5.
What did the officer do to find the truth?
(ସତ୍ୟ ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ ଅଫିସରଜଣକ କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The officer took him to get him in prison to find the truth.

Question 6.
What happened to the beggar?
(ଭିକାରୀଟିର କ’ଣ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
The beggar was put in prison.

Session- 3

III. Post-Reading (ପଢ଼ିବା ପରେ )

1. Visual Memory Development Technique (VMDT)
Whole Text: The young man saw a beggar near the town gate.
Put the beggar on his horse.
I don’t want to get off.
Went to the king.

Part: Paragraphs 5 and 6-took off his turban, covered the horse’s head, not blind at all, I’ll put you in prison.

Comprehension Activities : (ବୁଦ୍ଧି ପରିମାପକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ)

MCQs :
Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The young man saw ___________ near the town gate.
(A) a priest
(B) a beggar
(C) a grocer
(D) a greengrocer
Answer:
(B) a beggar

Question 2.
The beggar told not to __________.
(A) get off the horse
(B) go to the king
(C) get down at the marketplace
(D) speak to the young man
Answer:
(A) get off the horse

Question 3.
The young man and the beggar met ___________.
(A) the king
(B) the minister
(C) the gate-keeper
(D) the king’s officer
Answer:
(D) the king’s officer

Question 4.
The horse was :
(A) blind in the right eye
(B) blind in the left eye
(C) blind in both the eyes
(D) not blind at all.
Answer:
(D) not blind at all.

Question 5.
__________ was very clever.
(A) The king’s officer
(B) The young man
(C) The beggar
(D) The king
Answer:
(B) The young man

Session- 4

3. Listening : (ଶ୍ରବଣ)
(a) Your teacher read out the following lines from paragraph 2.
Listen to him/her carefully and fill in the blanks with the words missing.

So, they went to the ______. The ______ said to the king’s officer, “Sir, I was ______ to the town on my horse. This man wanted to come to the __________. He is lame. So I brought him to the market on __________. Now he says that _______ is his. Sir, please help me ______ from him”.
Answer:
So, they went to the king’s officer. The young man said to the king’s officer, “Sir, I was riding to the town on my horse. This man wanted to come to the market. He is lame. So I brought him to the market on my horse. Now he says that the horse is his. Sir, please help me to get my horse from him”.

4. Speaking : (କଥନ)

• Practice the following dialogues.
• Follow the steps: Rehearsal-Teacher reads aloud the dialogue. Students listen. The teacher reads aloud one sentence, and students repeat after him/her (all the lines). Next-Teacher vs Students, Students vs Students.

Young man: You can get off here. There’s the market.
Beggar: But I don’t want to get off. You get off my horse. I want to go on.
Young man: Your horse?
Beggar: Yes, it’s mine. Get off or else I’ll take you to the king’s officer
Young man: Alright. Let’s go to him.

5. Vocabulary : (ଶବ୍ଦଜ୍ଞାନ)
Given below are some words in the box. Some words describe the young man. Some words describe the beggar. Choose and write the words under the right person. (Questions with Answers)

liar, good, cheat, kind, rogue, wise, lame, gentle, clever, intelligent, ungrateful, mean, traitor, malicious, rich, poor, greedy.

Answer:

Young man	Beggar
good, kind, wise, gentle, clever, intelligent, rich	liar, cheat, rogue, lame, ungrateful, mean, traitor, malicious, poor, greedy.

Session – 5

6. Writing : (ଲିଖନ)
a. In the activity vocabulary, you have already chosen words describing the two characters. You will write one paragraph for each. (Question with Answer)
For example:
The young man was rich. He was good, kind and gentle.___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
But the beggar was_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Answer:
The young man was rich. He was good, kind, and gentle. He was also wise, clever, and intelligent. He was a rich man. But the beggar was a liar, cheat, rogue, and mean. He was also an ungrateful one. His intention was malicious. He was also greedy and a traitor. Basically, he was poor and a lame man.

b. Write answers to the following questions.

Question 1.
Why did the young man take the beggar on his horse?
Answer:
The young man took the beggar on his horse because he was a kind man and the beggar cried out for help as he was lame and was unable to go the market without any help.

Question 2.
What did the beggar claim?
Answer:
The beggar claimed that he would not get off the horse as it was his horse. He bought that horse because he was lame.

Question 3.
Whom did they go for deciding their quarrel?
Answer:
They went to the king’s officer for deciding their quarrel.

Question 4.
Who decided the quarrel?
Answer:
The king’s officer decided on the quarrel with the help of the cleverness of the young man.

Question 5.
What happened to the thief?
Answer:
The thief was caught red-handed and was sent to prison.

TAIL-PIECE

• Read another interesting story very similar to the one you have read just now.

A Wise King (ଚତୁର ରାଜା)

Once …………………………………… away happily.
ଥରେ ଜଣେ ରାଜା ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କରର ନାମ ଥିଲା ବିକ୍ରମ । ସେ ଜଣେ ଚତୁର ରାଜା ଥିଲେ ।
ଦିନେ ଦୁଇଜଣ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସିଲେ; ସୀତା ଓ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ । ସେମାନେ ଦୁଇ
ଭଉଣୀ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ହାତରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ନବଜାତ
ଶିଶୁ ଥିଲା ।
ସୀତା କହିଲା ‘ଦୟାକରି ମହାରାଜ ଏ
ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ମୋତେ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ମୁଁ ତା’ର ମା ।
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ କହିଲା, ‘‘ନା, ମହାରାଜ ମୁଁ ତା’ର
ମା । ଦୟାକରି ତାକୁ ମୋତେ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ।’’
ରାଜା ବିକ୍ରମ ଦୁଇ ମିନିଟ୍ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ଜଣେ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କୁ ଡାକି କହିଲେ, ‘ମୋ ଖଣ୍ଡାଟା ଆଣ ।’ ଲୋକଟି ଖଣ୍ଡାଟିଏ ଆଣିଲା ।
ରାଜା ଦି’ଜଣଙ୍କୁ ପୁଣି ପଚାରିଲେ ‘ଏ ଶିଶୁଟି କାହାର ?’’
ସୀତା କହିଲା, ‘ମୋ ଶିଶୁ ।’’
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ କହିଲା, ‘‘ସେ ମୋ ଶିଶୁ ।’’
ରାଜା କହିଲେ, ‘ଏ ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ଦୁଇଖଣ୍ଡ କରିଦିଅ । ଅଧେ ସୀତା ନେଉ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଧିକ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀ ନେଉ । ହଠାତ୍ ସୀତା କାନ୍ଦିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା ।
‘‘ମହାରାଜ, ଦୟାକରି ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ କାଟନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ । ତାକୁ ବରଂ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ବଞ୍ଚି ରହିଥାଉ ।
ରାଜା କହିଲେ ‘‘ଶିଶୁଟିକୁ ସୀତାକୁ ଦିଅ’’ ସେ ହିଁ ଶିଶୁର ପ୍ରକୃତ ମା’ ।
ରାଜା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ମିଛେଇ । ମୁଁ ତୋତେ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦେବି ।’’
ସୀତା ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ କହିଲା, ‘ମହାରାଜ ଦୟାକରି ମୋ ଭଉଣୀକୁ ଦଣ୍ଡିତ କରନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ ।’’
ରାଜା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀକୁ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦେଲେ ନାହିଁ ।
ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକ ଦୁଇଜଣ ଖୁସିରେ ଫେରିଗଲେ ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man

Section-I

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
Why was the narrator always hesitant to give advice?
Answer:
The narrator has always hesitated to give advice because how can one advise another how to act unless one knows that other is as well as one knows oneself?

Question 2.
“Each of us is a prisoner in a solitary town How does this statement reflect on human life?
Answer:
Everybody is in shackles. Man is not free. All human beings are like creatures in bondage and he is unable to take any independent decisions.

Question 3.
Does the paragraph logically lead to the story? Where do you find the connection?
Answer:
Yes, the paragraph is logically connected which leads to the story, “Life in a difficult ‘ business…provides the clue.

Question 4.
Why did Stephens meet the narrator? What made him do so?
Answer:
Stephens had come to meet the narrator of the story to know whether any English doctor has worked in Spain. He did so because the narrator had written a book on that.

Question 5.
What impression do you form about Stephens from his account of life at Camberwell? Is he happy with it?
Answer:
Stephens was a doctor who had been brought up by two old aunts. He was poor and had been married six years ago. He had no children.

Question 6.
Why does he want to go to Spain?
Answer:
There was no English doctor in Spain and the present lifestyle which he did not relish made him want to go to Spain.

Question 7.
Would you call him a romantic? Give reasons for our Answers
Answer:
Themainwasromantic who gave more emphasis on emotion without thinking about the fixture.

Question 8.
What does the narrator suggest to Stephens finally?
Answer:
The narrator finally suggested Stephensifhe did not want money and was content to earn just enough to keep body and soul together, he should go. Because he would lead a wonderful life.

Vocabulary
Derive adjectives from the following:

wonder	Spain
habit	absence
hesitate	confidence
emotion	thought
occasion	book
difficulty	silence
satisfaction	apology
quickly	laugh
practice	preciously
feet	marriage
mind	force
knowledge	face
information	hair
	money

Answer:
Words – AdjectiveForms
wonder – wonderful
habit – habitual
hesitate – hesitant
emotion – emotional
occasion – occasional
difficulty – difficult
satisfaction – satisfactory
quickly – quick
practice – practical
feet – factual
mind – mental
knowledge – knowledgeable
information – informative
thought – thoughtful
book – bookish
Spain – Spanish
silence – silent
absence – absent
confidence – confident
apology – apologetic
laugh – laughable
preciously – precise
marriage – marital
force – forcible
face – facial
hair – hairy
money – monetary

Section -II

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What change in place and time do you find in this section of the story?
Answer:
There is a change in place and time in this section of the story. The doctor has shifted to Spain and the time gap is around fifteen years.

Question 2.
Why does Stephens refuse to accept fees from the narrator? Do his words acknowledge his gratitude for the right suggestion of the narrator given to him years ago?
Answer:
Stephens refused to accept fees from the narrator as a token gesture of gratitude for the right suggestion the narrator had given to him a year ago.

Question 3.
What impression would you get about Stephens from his changed appearance
Spain?
Answer:
The changed appearance of Stephen in Spain suggests that he has become fit and bold. There is a sea change in his physical body politics.

Question 4.
In which context does Stephens say, “life is full of compensation’? What light does it draw on his character?
Answer:
When the narrator asked that he was married Stephens expressed his sorrow to say about his wife who did not like Spain and went back to Camberwell where she felt homely. He said, ’’Life is full of comprehension. This makes clear that Stephens had accepted the gains and losses of life.

Question 5.
Does the concluding passage reveal an attitude toward life? What kind of attitude
would you call it?
Answer:
The concluding passage of the story reveals an attitude toward life. It tells the man to earn just enough money to keep body and soul together.

Question 6.
Where does happiness lie in the word of the protagonist?
Answer:
According to the protagonist, happiness lies in earning just enough money to keep the body and soul together, and in enjoying life being poor.

Question 7.
Does the narrator favor a life of emancipation from conventionalities and stereotypes?
Answer:
The narrator favors a life of emancipation from the conventionalities and stereotypes of life warranting man together self and riches. But the narrator tells that one can enjoy life being poor.

Question 8.
Which one of the following do you find in Stephens that most appropriately
characterize him?
(a) a cynical attitude
(b) a pleasure-loving temperament
(c) morbidity born of frustrations
(d) A quest for freedom from conventions
Answer:
(d)Aquest for freedom from conventions

Question 9.
Can you guess what could happen if his wife had not deserted him?
Answer:
He could not have been free to go to Spain.

Question 10.
Can you call him “TheHappyMan”? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
He is “The Happy Man” because he is quite free and he enjoys life even in being poor. He does not run after money.

Questions For Composition

Question 1.
…………………. but by heaven I’ve enjoyed myself. I could not exchange the life I have had with that of any kind in the world”. Make a critical estimate ofStephensin the light of the given statement.
Answer:
The short story’s happy man” is written by William Somerset Maugham, an eminent and outstanding storyteller. He has written more than 100 stories. However, his stories express a realistic portrait of the degenerated society given to selfish pleasure and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompasses a large area of human experience. In this light, Maugham’s story is superb and fantastic. It is really, the most typical story fall is a collection. However, the present story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy of a happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective.

What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment, but an abandonment of took-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. In him is there a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. Yet the undertone of irony is apparent to the discerning reader. However, Stephens, following the suggestions of the narrator decided to stay in Spain. He went there at last. His wife did not back to Camberwell where she was even more Homely. But he enjoyed his work in Spain. He was very fat and bold. But his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor.

The clothes he wore were terribly shabby. He earned just enough money to keep his body and soul together, but he should lead a wonderful life. Poor has he been and poor shall he always be, but by heaven, he has enjoyed himself. He says emphatically that he would not exchange the life he had with that of any king of the world. As a matter of feet, Maugham’s treatment of life through Stephens is most fascinating and heart-touching Maugham is, in fact, a keen observer of human attitude, on the whole, he has tried his level best to depict a full-fledged manner. Therefore, the way he has portrayed Stephens is superb and fantastic.

Question 2.
Critically comment on the title of the story.
Answer:
The short story“The happy man” is undoubtedly the best typical masterpiece of William Somerset Maugham, a prominent and outstanding storyteller of the twentieth century. Maugham is a prolific writer writing novels, short stories, plays, etc. in one. Hismasteryto provides appropriate titles to his writings is really outstanding. He has written more than 100 short stories. All these are repleted with a realistic portrait of the selfish pleasure and hedonism of society. However, the title of the work of art must be apt and suggestive. It should be precise, concise, and condensed.

Its motto should be to communicate reality vehemently. It should be just like a gorgeous, colorful signboard. It also speaks out the contents, of the shop from its very appearance. The titles are expressive of the contents of the work of art. The story, here, tells us about the life of a man who happens to be the happiest. However, Stephens comes to the narrator to know whether it would be better to go to Spain as a doctor. His future was involved in it and the narrator suggested to him that he had to earn just enough money to keep his body and soul together. He, however, decided to go there. But he was married. His wife did not cooperate with him. She never likes Spain and went back to Camberwellwhere she felt homely.

Stephens went alone and lived there happily. He led a wonderful life there. Poorhehadbeen and enjoyed himself like anything. He would not exchange the life he had with that of any kind in the world. The last lines of the story are themselves expressive of the feet that the protagonist of the story “TheHappyMan” has. The title bears the justification for the right caption of the story. As a matter of fact, the title of the story is most appropriate and suggestive. The way Maugham justified Stephens as the happiest man is really superb, alluring, elevating, and excellent.

Vocabulary
Derive nouns forms the following:

excavate	crucial
lovely	cruel
monumental	casual
interesting	occasional
arrogant	perceptive
expect	deceive
ideological	receive
rigorous	credulous
logical	rival

Answer:

Words	Noun forms
excavate	excavation
expect	expectation
lovely	love
ideological	ideology
monumental	monument
rigorous	rigorousness
interesting	interest
logical	logic
arrogant	arrogance
crucial	independence
cruel	cruelty
casual	casualty
occasional	occasion
perceptive	perception
deceive	deceit/deception
receive	receipt
credulous	credulity
rival	rivalry

Grammar
Supply suitable articles:

1. He is_________ M.A
Answer:
He is an M.A

2. I drank________ cup red tea.
Answer:
I drank a cup of red tea

3. I have not seen such_______  temple.
Answer:
I have not seen such a temple

4. He is_____ eunuch.
Answer:
He is a eunuch.

5. The cow is_______useful animal.
Answer:
The cow is a useful animal.

6. I covered_____half a mile.
Answer:
I covered a half mile

7. He is ______washerman.
Answer:
He is a washerman.

8. He is_______honourable man.
Answer:
He is an honorable man.

9. She is__________M.L.A.
Answer:
She is an M.L.A.

10. He is_______M.P.
Answer:
He is an M.P

11. Gopalis________beggar.
Answer:
Gopal is a beggar.

12. I saw_________tiger.
Answer:
I saw a tiger

13. ________cow is auseful animal.
Answer:
A cow is a useful animal.

14. _______poor should be helped.
Answer:
The poor should be helped.

15. He is _______one-eyed man.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed man.

16. Hari is___farmer.
Answer:
Hari is a farmer.

17. Give me____umbrella.
Answer:
Give me an umbrella.

18. She saw_______tiger_______forest.
Answer:
She saw a tiger in a forest

19. ______brave should be rewarded.
Answer:
A brave should be rewarded

20. What__________big temple.
Answer:
What a big temple.

21. There was______little water in the glass.
Answer:
There was a little water in the glass.

22. Rambabu is______ readerin English.
Answer:
Rambabu is a reader of English

23. ______universities cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.
Answer:
A university cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.

24. Give me __________ half kilo potato.
Answer:
Give me a half kilo of potato.

25. ___________ few people were present in the meeting.
Answer:
A few people were present at the meeting.

26. I like _________ red wine with lunch.
Answer:
I like a red wine with lunch.

27. London is_________ city.
Answer:
London is a city.

28. We electedhim as__________ M.L.A.
Answer:
We elected him as an M.L.A.

29. __________Ramayan is_______ famous epic.
Answer:
The Ramadan is a famous epic.

30. I shall backin__________hour.
Answer:
I shall be back in an hour.

31. I read_________Prajatantra every day.
Answer:
I read the Prajatantra every day.

32. He is holding________umbrella.
Answer:
He is holding an umbrella

33. He is__________ one – eyed.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed.

34. I like thebeauty of__________ Himalayas.
Answer:
I like the beauty of the Himalayas

35. ___________elephant is a strong animal.
Answer:
An elephant is a strong animal.

36. I like to give_________ useful present.
Answer:
I like to give a useful present.

37. London is in _________ Thames.
Answer:
London is in the Thames.

38. Is there_______ school in this town?
Answer:
Is there a school in this town?

39. He is__________ principalofour college.
Answer:
He is the principal of our college.

40. He is________lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

41. _________Mahanadi is the longest river of Odisha.
Answer:
The Mahanadi is the longest river in Odisha.

42. He is__________ lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

43. I saw_______ snake and_______ snake rushed towards me.
Answer:
I saw a snake and the snake rushed towards me.

44. I went by_________ Konark Express.
Answer:
I went by the  Konark Express.

45. She is___________ actress.
Answer:
She is an actress.

46. I like________ mangoes you eat.
Answer:
I like the mangoes you eat.

47. He is speaking like __________ Kalidas.
Answer:
He is speaking like a Kalidas.

48. She is________ mostbeautiful womanofour village.
Answer:
She is the most beautiful woman in our village.

49. He is____________first person to come.
Answer:
He is the first person to come.

50. There was__________ temple.
Answer:
There was a temple.

51. Sitais swimmingin __________ pond.
Answer:
Sita is swimming in thepond.

52. He aremaking__________union.
Answer:
He is making a union.

53. _______ Gita is_________ sacred book.
Answer:
The Gita is a sacred book.

54. He is________ European.
Answer:
He is a European

55. It is _________ great honor to be invited to the ceremony.
Answer:
It is a great honor to be invited to the ceremony

56. _________ I have a glass of milk.
Answer:
Could I have a glass of milk?

57. I _________ be twenty on my next birthday.
Answer:
I will be twenty on my next birthday.

58. Why_________ women be paid less than men for doing the same?
Answer:
Why should women be paid less than men for doing the same?

59. I________wear a coat today it is quite warm.
Answer:
I need not wear a coat today it is quite warm.

60 __________ I close the door.
Answer:
Shall I close the door?

61. It mayrain you_________ carryan umbrella.
Answer:
It may rain you should carry an umbrella.

62. It is late. You __________ go to bed.
Answer:
It is late. You should go to bed.

63. You_______hurry, there is enough time.
Answer:
You need not hurry, there is enough time

64. __________ you lend me your pen, please.
Answer:
Could you lend me your pen, please

65. India_________ take active steps to reduce population growth.
Answer:
India should take active steps to reduce population growth.

66. _______ you open the window, please?
Answer:
Could you open the window, please?

67. I am afraid the weather____________not improve for another two or three days.
Answer:
I am afraid the weather might not improve for another two or three days

68. You________respect your teacher.
Answer:
You should respect your teacher.

69. ________you stand on your hands.
Answer:
Can you stand on your hands?

70. After four he______ write well.
Answer:
After four he could write well.

71. __________ you lend me Rs 50?
Answer:
Could you lend me Rs 50?

Section-I

Pre-reading activity:
You might have at times thought about who a happy man is. What do you think brings happiness to one’s life?
(i) It is something related to wealth and material comforts.
(ii) Or is it purely a state of mind, with nothing much to do with one’s financial status or social or social position?
(iii) Does it he in a life of adventure and romance, a life of freedom and carefree enjoyment away who is a happy man?

Notes On The Writer:
William SomersetMaugham(1874-1965) is a prolific writer of the twentieth century having to his credit about 17 novels, 32 plays, more than 100 short stories, two travelogues, and two treatises containing his views of life and literature. Amonghisnovels “OfHumanBondage”. “The Moon and Six Pence” “The Printed VeilCakes and” and ‘The Razor’s Edge” have earned him critical acclaim.

His novels, plays, and short stories give a realistic portrait of a degenerate society, a society given to selfish pleasures and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompassing a larger area of human experience. Most of them depicted the crumbling of the institution of marriage, which has almost become a tightrope around the neck of the spouse’s affair, such indulgences often leading to promiscuity. With deft and dexterous use of irony and satire, his vision grows from a study of the wider spectrum of life to an affirmation of its meaning at the individual level.

The Story:
A careful reading of the story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective. What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment but an abandonment of taken-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. Intimate there is a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. You have the undertone of irony apparent to the discerning reader.

GIST:
Paragraph -1
It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others and it has been often a wonder that the politicians, reforms, and such like who are prepared to force upon their fellow measures that must alter their manners, habits, and points of view making a strong confidence in this regard. The thoughts and emotions of the neighbors can only be guessed. Life is a difficult business and it is found hard enough to make a complete and rounded thing.

GIST:
Paragraphs (2-3)
The narrator was a young man who lived in a modem apartment in London near Victoria Station. Late one afternoon, when he was beginning to think he had worked enough for that day, he heard a ring at the bell. He opened the doorto atotal stranger. He asked the narrator’s name. He asked to come in and he did it instantly. He led the stranger to his sitting room and told him to sit down. He seemed a trifle embarrassed. He also offered him cigarettes.

Gist:
Paragraphs (4-10)
The stranger said that his name was Stephens and he was a doctor. He said that the has read a book by the narrator about Spain and he wanted to ask him about that. The book is not so good. The fact remains that he knows something about there’s no one else who knew it so well. He was silent for a movement. He reached out for his seat and held. It is one hand absentmindedly stroking it with the other. He surmised that it gave him confidence.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (11-12)
He was brought up by two old aunts. He has never been anywhere. He has been married for six years. He has no children. He is a medical officer at the Camberwell Infirmary. There was something very striking in the short, sharp sentences he used. They heard a force bring. He had ’ not given him more than a cursory glance, but then looked at him with curiosity. He was a little man. thick-set and stout of thirty perhaps, with around red face from which store small, dark, and very bright eyes. His black hair was cropped close to a bullet-shaped head. He was dressed in a blue suit a good deal the worse for wear.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (13-22)
He again said that I must know what the duties of a medical officer in an infirmary are! One day is much like another and that’s all he has got to look forward for the root of his life. The narrator said that it was a means of livelihood; the one is pretty good and interrogated whether he thought there would be any change for an English doctor in Spain.

He continued that it was not like caramels, but there was sunshine, good wine, and color and there is the air you can breathe. He said that he heard by accident that there was no English doctor in service. It could be foolish on his part to give a good safe job for an uncertainty. His wife was also willing to his leaving the house. The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life. He left him.

Analytical Outlines

• It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others.
• It has been often a wonder.
• However, the politicians, reformers, and such people.
• They prepare to force upon their fellows.
• They may have a view about their manners, habits, etc.
• They make strong confidence in this regard.
• The thought and emotions of the neighbor can only be guessed.
•  Life is a difficult business.
•  It is found that it is very hard to make a complete and minded thing.
• The narrator was a young man.
• The narrator was a young man.
• He lived in a modest apartment.
• He was; thinking one afternoon.
• He had worked enough for that day.
• He heard a ring at the bell.
• He opened the door.
• He found a stranger.
• He asked the narrator his name.
• He asked him to come in.
• He did it instantly.
• He led the stranger to his sitting room.
• The narrator told him to sit down.
•  He seemed a trifle embarrassed.
• He also offered him cigarettes.
• The stranger’s name was Stephens.
• He was a doctor.
• He said that he had read a book.
• The book is written by the narrator.
• The book was written about Spain.
• He wanted to ask him about that.
• The book is not so good.
• The feet is that he knows something about that.
• No other one knew so well.
• He was silent for a moment.
• He reached out for his head.
• He reached out for his holding.
• He absentmindedly stroked it with the other.
• He surmised about it.
• It gave him confidence.
• He was brought up by two old aunts.
• He has never been anywhere.
• He has been married for six years.
• He has no children.
• He is a medical officer.
• He is an officer at CambrewellInfirmacy.
• There was something very striking.
• He used short, sharp sentences.
• They heard a force bring.
• He had not given him more than a cursory glance.
• He looked at it with curiosity.
• He was a little man.
• He was thick-set.
• He was stout of thirty.
• He was with a round face.
• He was dark and very bright eyes.
• His black hair was cropped.
• It cropped close to a bullet-shaped head.
• He was dressed in a blue suit.
• It was worse for wear.
• He knew the duty of a medical officer.
• One day is much like another.
• That’s all he has got to look forward to for the livelihood.
• Themoneyispretty is good.
• It is interrogated why he had gone to him.
• He replaced to this question.
• He wanted to know about the chance of an English doctor in Spain.
• He said that it was not like carmen.
• But, he found there sunshine and good wine.
• He accidentally heard about something.
• There was no English doctor in service.
• It could be foolish to get a good job there.
• I was not certain about it.
• His wife was also willing to his leaving the house.
• The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life.
• He left him.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

flounder – to stumble, to thinking or speaking
confidence – reliance, trust
modest – humble, bashful
embarrassed – immediately, on the spur of the moment
stroked – disheartened, distressed
instantly – blow, an attach, abeat of pulse
surmised – doubted
glance – look
curiosity – anxious to learn, inquisition
stout – strong, robust
cropped – produced
pretty – beautiful, pleasing
interrogate – to question, to examine
infirmary -a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick
carmen – an opera(1 875) by George Bizet.

Section -II

Gist:
Paragraphs – (23-25)
Fifteen years passed by. The narrator happened to be in service and having some trifling indication asked the hotel porter whether there wasinEnglishdoctorinthe town. He said positive and gave him the address. He took a cab and when he reached the house, a little fat man came out of it. He hesitated when he caught sight of the narrator explaining his purpose and the doctor asked him to go in.

He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, with a patio and his consulting room which led out of it was littered with papers, books, medical appliances, and lumber. They finished the business and he asked the doctor what his fee was. The doctor shook his head and smiled. He said that there was no fee. He asked the narrator whether he remembered why the doctor had been there. It was because of something he had once said to him. His life changed only for the narrator, the doctor admitted. He said he was Stephens.

Paragraphs (26 – 28)
The narrator had forgotten all about it. He had not the least notion of what he was talking about. He remembered him of their interview and the narrator after a lot of thinking recalled the matter. Stephens did not believe he could get a chance to have sight of the narrator to give thanks to him for what he had done for him. The narrator looked at him. He was very fat and bold, his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor. The clothes he wore were terribly shabby.

Gist:
Paragraphs (29-33)
The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married. Stephens replied in negative. Hardly and Stephens replied when a Spanish woman, no longer in her first youth, but still boldly and voluptuously beautiful appeared at the door. She spoke to him in Spanish and the narrator believed that she might have been theirs. of the house.

As he stood at the door to let the narrator out he said that later told him when he saw him lost that the former would go to Spainhe should earn enough money just to keep body and soul together but he should live a wonderful life. And the narrator was perfectly right. He has been and will be poor but he has enjoyed life to the brim.

Analytical Outlines

• Fifteen years passed by.
• The narrator happened to be in service.
• He has some trifling indisposition.
• He asked the hotel porter something.
• He asked if there was an English doctor in the town.
• He answered positively
• Then he gave him the address.
• He looked cab.
• He reached the house.
• A little fat man came outfit.
• He hesitated when he caught the sigh of the narrator.
• The narrator explained his purpose.
• The doctor asked him to go in.
• He lived in an ordinary Spanish house.
• He was living with a patio.
• He has a consulting room
• It was uttered with papers.
• It was uttered with books.
•  It was also littered with medical appliances and lumber.
• They finished the business.
•  He asked the doctor about his fees.
• The doctor shook his head.
• The doctor also smiled.
• He said that there was no fee.
• He asked the narrator something
• Whether he remembered why the doctor had been there.
• It was because of something he had once said to him.
• His life changed only for the narrator.
• The doctor admitted this.
• He said he was Stephens.
• The narrator had forgotten all about it.
• He had not the least notion.
• He was not concerned about what he was talking about.
• He reminded him of their interview.
• After a lot of thinking, the writer recalled the matter.
• Stephens did not believe it.
• He would get a chance to meet the narrator again.
• So that he would thank him for that.
• He thanked him for what he had done for him.
• The narrator looked at him.
• He was very fat.
• He was also very bold.
• His eyes twinkled gaily.
• His fleshy red face bore on expression.
• It was with perfect good humor.
• He wore terribly shabby clothes.
• The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married.
• Stephensrepliedinnegative.
• A woman appeared all the door.
• She was a Spanish woman.
• She was no longer in her first youth.
• But still, she was bold.
• She was voluptuously beautiful.
• She spoke to him in Spanish.
• The narrator believed that she might have been the Mrs. of the house.
• He stood at the door to let the narrator out.
• He said that the latter told him when he saw him last.
• The former would go to Spain.
• He should earn enough money there.
• He has just to keep body and soul together.
• But he should live a wonderful life.
• And the narrator was perfectly right.
• He has been and will be poor.
• But he has enjoyed life to the brim

Meaning Ofdifficult Words

trifle – unimportant
indisposition – un arrangement, un distribution, unplanned
porter – doorkeeper, a coolie
cab – covered four or two-wheeled carriage cabriolet
hesitate – to stop making a decision
litter – to cover with strew, to bring forth
appliances – instruments used for some special-purpose
lumber – a useful article, furniture stored away.
errand – business, purpose
patio – courtyard
admit – allow to enter
twinkle – to blink, to glitter, to shine
shabby – mean, low, paltry
boldly – courageously, daringly
sombrero – Aman’s hat with every wide brim which sowed especially in Mexico.
dissipated – drunken
voluptuously – luxuriously sensual
silenus – any group of forest spirits similar to stars but having the legs of horses.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 1 Indian Children Speak Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Poem 1 Indian Children Speak

Pre-Reading Activity:
Very often we fall to understand each other. This happens especially when we are prejudiced against each other. To understand the other we need to develop a positive attitude. How would you react if you are described as just the opposite of what really you are? What can you do to clear the misunderstanding? Now read the poem below to see how the speaker tries to clear one such misunderstanding of some white people about the Red Indian children.

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
When you read the poem, you come across such names as Pansy, Delores, Ramon and Joe Henry. How can you describe them together.
Answer:
They are all Red Indian children.

Question 2.
Throughout the poem the phrase ‘people said’ has been repeated. Who are these people?
Answer:
These people are the white people.

Question 3.
What does moon-coloured dress refer to?
Answer:
It is bright, yellowish-white coloured dress.

Question 4.
Are the Indian children really dumb? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The Indian children are really not dumb. It is because the narrator says, ‘clearly, I hear Delores answer/yes, the sunset is so good,I think God is throwing /Abright show I around the shoulders of the sky.’

Question 5.
Who do you think are rude – the white people or the Indians? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The white people were rude because they say Indian children are heard to reach, they are silent, they are dumb, they have no affection, they don’t seem very bright and they never take other in.

Question 6.
What is the speaker’s attitude towards the Indian children?
Answer:
The speaker is sympathetic and co-operative with the Indian children. His sense of sympathy stands as a sharp contrast with the uncompromising apathy of white men.

Question 7.
How many voices do you hear in this poem? Whose are they?
Answer:
There are three voices – the voice of the speaker the voice of white men and the voice of the Indian children in this poem.

Question 8.
The poem begins with ‘people said’. But towards the end of the poem the speaker says – ‘I have forgotten the idle words that people said’. Does this suggest a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker? Explain
Answer:
This certainly suggests a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker. It is because shedding the age old hackneyed bitter expression of the white man on the Indian children, the speaker switches over to another mood and mind.

Question 9.
What does the speaker convey in the last three lines of the poem?
Answer:
The last three lines are the concluding lines which convey that the speaker has personally parted with the indecent attitude towards the Indian children. He keeps in store in his heart to slip into the heart of Indian Lands and wants for that time to come.

Question 10.
Do you think the Indian children’s view of the world is different from that of the white people’s? How so?
Answer:
The Indian children’s view of the world is certainly different from that of the white people’s. The white people’s view is quite detrimental, command and selfish.

Question 11.
Is the speaker in the poem an American, Indian or a white American? How do you know?
Answer:
The speaker in the poem happens to be an American who makes it explicit in the line of the poem. ‘AndI steeped into the heart ofIndianLand’. This statement proves that the poet is an on-Indian.

Composition:
Question 1.
The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. When then does the poem bear the title ‘Indian children speak’? Examine the appropriateness of the title of the poem.
Answer:
The title of the poem reads ‘Indian children speak’. The very title is suggestive of the voice of the Indian children although the poet himself is not one of the Indian children. The Indian children are the focus point of the poem. They are the pivotal characters around whom the whole edifice of the poem revolver. The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. But the poem bears the title ‘Indian children speak’. The speaker is dissociated from the Indian children and makes an impersonal approachonbehalfoftheIndian children whom he likes and wishes to become apart of them He also desires to forget the idle words the people said and wants to treasure the day when the day when the iron doors swung wide so that he would slip into the heart of Indian land. All these speaks volumes of the question in contest.

Question 2.
There is an undercurrent of irony throughout the poem. Discuss how.
Iron refers to _______________________________________
Now discuss how there is an under current of irony in the poem?
Answer:
There is an under current of irony throughout the poem Irony refers to the expression of one’s meaning by saying something which is the direct opposite of one’s thoughts in order to make one’s remarks forceful.

Activity On Poem Completion:

Fill in the gaps appropriately with the lines given below the text of the incomplete poem ‘Nurses Song’.

Nurses’ Song
When the voices of children are heard on the green
_______________________________________
My hear is at rest without my breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
_______________________________________
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed

Missing Lines:
(i) And the hills are all covered up with sleep.
(ii) And laughing is heard on the hill.
(iii) And, then go home to bed.
(iv) No, no, let us play for it yet day.
(v) Till the morning appears in the skies.

Answer:
When the voices of children are heard on the green
And laughing is heard on the hill.
My hear is at rest without by breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
And the hills are all coverup with sleep.
And, then go home to bed.
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
Till the morning appears in the skies
Well, well go and play till the fight fades away.
‘No, no, letus play, for it is yet day’
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed
And all the hills echoed.

Indian Children Speak Summary in English

It is said that Indian children are hard to teach. They should not be expected to talk. One day a short and fat little boy said that the moon had gone all the way with him the previous night. It is said that Indian children are very silent and their works are ‘yes’ or ‘no’. But the ragged pansy confused softly and said that his dress was old but at night the moon was kind when he wore a beautiful moon, colored dress. It is again said that Indian children are dumb. They hardly make any replay. He clearly hears Delores answer. The sunset is so good that he thinks God is throwing a bright shawl around the shoulders in the sky. However, it is also said that Indian children have no affection. They just don’t care for anyone. Then he feels that Ramon’s hand and hears him whisper. A wild animal races in me since his mother sleeps under the ground. Whether it will always run and run. It is also said that Indian children are rude. They don’t seem very bright. Then he remembers Joe Henery’sremark. The tree is hanging down her head because the sun is staring at her. White people always stare. They do not know it is not polite. It is said that Indian children never take people in. One usually always stands outside their thoughts. He has forgotten the idea words that people said but tree sure the day when iron doors swang wide and he supports into the heart of Indian Land.

Analytical Outlines:

• It is said that Indian children are hard to teach.
• They should not be expected to talk.
• One day a short and fat little boy said something.
• He said about the moon
• He said that it had gone all the way with him.
• It happened in the previous right.
• Again people say something about Indian children.
• It is said that Indian children are Very silent.
• Their works are ‘yes’ or ‘no’
• But the ragged pansy confided softly.
• He said that his dress was old.
• But at night the moon is kind.
• Because he wore a beautiful moon-colored dress at night.
• It isagain said something by thepeople.
• They say Indian children are dumb.
• They hardly make any reply.
• He clearly hears Delores answer.
• The sunset is extremely good.
• He thinks God is throwing a bright shawl around the shoulders in the sky.
• However, people say something negatively.
• They say that Indian children have no affection.
• They just don’t care for anyone.
• Then he feels the Ramon’s hand.
• He also hears him whisper.
• A wild animal raises in me.
• His mother sleeps under the ground.
• Whether it will run and run.
• It is also said that Indian children are rude.
• They don’t seem very bright.
• Then he remembers something:
• It is Joe Henry’s remark.
• The trees is hanging down her head.
• Because, the sun is staring at her.
• While people always stare.
• They do not know it is not polite.
• It is said that Indian children never take people in.
• One usually always stands outside their thoughts.
• He has forgotten the idle words people say.
• He treasures the day when iron doors swung wide.
• He supports into the heart of Indian Land.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
stubby – short and thick
ragged – (with clothes) tom (here, refers to someone wearing rags)
dumb – speechless, mute, here stupid, unintelligent
shawl – loose square cloth worn over the shoulders or head by women.
confided – told a secret.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Notes Chapter 1 Mathematical Reasoning will enable students to study smartly.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Math Notes Chapter 1 Mathematical Reasoning

Proposition: (Mathematically Acceptable)
A proposition (or mathematically acceptable statement) is a declarative sentence that is either true or false but not both.
(1) Thus a sentence will be a statement if

• It is declarative
• It has a truth value (either true (T) or false (F).

(2) A sentence cannot be a statement if it is
(i) A question
(ii) An order
(iii) An exclamation
(iv) A wish
(v) Advice or it involves

• variable time like ‘today’, ‘tomorrow’, ‘yesterday’ etc.
• Variable place like ‘here’, ‘there’, etc.
• pronouns like ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘they’ etc.
• Relative words/adjectives / undefined words like ‘good’, ‘bad’, ‘beautiful’, ‘wise’ etc
• Variable x, y, z, u, v….etc

(3) We denote statements by same letters are p, q, r, s, etc.

Negative (~): Denial of a statement is its negation.
Axiom of negation:
For any proposition p, if p is true, then ~p (Negation of p) is false and if p is false, then ~p is true,
Truth table of Negation:

p	~p
T	F
F	T

Logical Connectives:

• Two statements can be combined together by using the words like or, and, if, only if, if and only if etc. These are known as logical connectives.
• A proposition in which one or more connectives appear is known as a composite or compound proposition.

Conjunction (∧), (and):
Axiom: A conjunction p ∧ q is true if both ‘p’ and ‘q’ are both true and false otherwise.
Truth table:

p	q	p ∧ q
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	F
F	F	F

Disjunction (∨) (or):
Axiom: A disjunction p ∨ q is false only when both ‘p’ and ‘q’ are false and is true otherwise.
Truth table:

p	q	p ∨ q
T	T	T
T	F	T
F	T	T
F	F	F

• Inclusive and exclusive sense of ‘OR’

→ An employee either goes on leave or attends to his duty. (Exclusive)
→ In this restaurant you can order veg or non-veg items. (Inclusive)

Conditional (→)(if … then):
Axiom: A conditional p → q is false only when ‘p’ is true and ‘q’ is false in all other cases it is true.
Truth table:

p	q	p → q
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	T
F	F	T

Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive:

• Converse of p → q is q → p
• Inverse of p → q is ~p → ~q
• Contra positive of p → q is ~q → ~ p

Biconditional (p ↔ q)(p if and only if q):
Axiom: A biconditional p ↔ q is true if both ‘p’ and ‘q’ have same truth value and is false otherwise.
Truth table:

p	q	p ↔ q
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	F
F	F	T

Equivalent statements:
Two statements ‘p’ and ‘q’ are said to be equivalent statements if they have same truth values.

Tautology:
A statement is a tautology if it is always true:

Implication and double implication:

• If a conditional p → q is a tautology then we say p implies q and we write P ⇒ q
• If a biconditional p ↔ q is a tautology and we write p ⇒ q.

Contradiction:
A contradiction we mean a proposition that is false for all possible assignments of truth values to its prime components.

Logical Quantifiers:
Logical quantifiers are the words that associate a quantity to it. There are two types of logical quantifiers.
(i) Existential (There exists)
(ii) Universal (For all, for every).

Validity Of Statements
A statement is said to be valid if it is true.
Techniques to check the validity of a statement:

Validity Of Statements With ‘And’
To prove p ∧ q is true we follow the following steps :
Step – 1: Show that ‘p’ is true.
Step – 2: Show that ‘q’ is true.

Validity Of Statements With ‘ OR’
To prove p ∧ q is true we have to consider the following cases :
Case – 1: By assuming p is false, prove that q is true.
Case – 2: By assuming q is false, prove that p is true.

Validity Of Statements With ‘if … then’
To prove if ‘p’ then ‘q’ is true we can adopt any one of the following methods.

• Method – 1 (Direct Method):
  Assume ‘p’ is true and prove that ‘q’ is true (i.e. p ⇒ q)
• Method – 2 (Contrapositive Method):
  Assume ‘q’ is false and prove that ‘p’ is false. (i.e. ~ q ⇒ ~ p)
• Method – 3 (Contradiction Method):
  → Assume that p → q is false, i.e. p is true and q is false
  → Obtain an absurd result
  → This is due to our false assumption.
  → Thus by the method of contradiction p → q is true. i.e., the statement is valid.
• Method – 4 (By giving a counter-example):
  To prove a statement is false we give a single example where it is false.

Validity Of Statement With ‘if and only if’.
To prove ‘p’ if and only if ‘q’ is true we have to follow the following steps.
Step – 1: Take ‘p’ is true and prove that ‘q’ is true.
Step – 2: Take q is true and prove that ‘p’ is true.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 1 Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold

Activity -1

Relation Between Parts of a Text:
If you are asked to divide the lesson into 5 sections in order to make notes, where possibly could you draw the lines separating the sections?
Write the paragraph number and the last word of the paragraph after which you will start a new section. Suggest a title for each section.
Answer:
Section- 1: Paragraph-1 …………… harmful
Title: Old Fashioned Remedies for Cold
Section- 2: Paragraphs – 2-4 …………avoided
Title: Morphine, Codeine and Papaverine as Remedies.
Section- 3: Paragraphs 5-6 ………… cold
Title: What The Scientists Studied.
Section- 4: Paragraphs 7-8 ………………..complications
Title: Opium Derivatives and Bed Rest.
Section- 5: Paragraph-9 ……………………..before
Title: Hot Baths and Cold Measurement

Activity – 2

Summary skill:
Of the following six statements only three are main points of the passage. Identify them:
(i) Many widely advertised cures and home remedies for cold are worthless or harmful
(ii) Students treated with sugar tablets showed little improvement.
(iii) Neither vaccines, nor vitamins and any other dietary measures prevent cold.
(iv) Nasal drops and sprays are found to be dangerous.
(v) Staying in bed for the duration of the cold was the only remedy that showed any result.

Activity-3

Comprehension:
Question 1.
The second paragraph possesses a question, what is it?
Answer:
The question is: Is there any remedy, then, of value in the treatment of colds?

Question 2.
What answer does the writer suggest?
Answer:
The writer says that there is scarcely any viable alternative for the treatment of common cold. However, there are a good many kinds of medicines which can be administered against cold.

Question 3.
How does the writer establish his answer?
Answer:
The writer picks up names like Morphine, Codeine, Papaverine combination, quinine hot water, air and stream baths were used as common therapies for cold but not as permanent cures.

Question 4.
What further recommendations did the writer make?
Answer:
The writer also brought out the names of different experts such as Dr. Russell Cecil, Dr. FitzHutter, De Quineeywhose findings were the best recommendations in the treatment of cold.

Activity – 4

Sequence In an Experiment:
What are the steps of the experiments mentioned in paragraph 4 and 5? Rearrange the steps given below in proper order:
(i) Record the health conditions of the patients at regular intervals.
(ii) Record initial health conditions of all the patients.
(iii) Compare the health conditions of the experiments group with that of the control group.
(iv) Prepare dummy to mixture.
(v) Draw inference after analysis of findings.
(vi) Divide the patients into experimental and control groups.
(vii) Select sample patients.
(viii) Prepare Codeine- Papaverine mixture.

Activity -5

Composition:
In this part of the country Tulsi leaves with honey are considered remedies for common cold. If you have to conduct an investigation to ascertain the truth of this belief, how will you organise the experiment? You can take clues from the reading passage and write down the steps of your proposed experiment.

Activity – 6

Remedial Grammar:
Morphine (which is) a derivative of opium, showed excellent results. (Paragraph – 3)
This preparation (which is) common called copavin, is not advertised to the public (Paragraph- 5)
In these sentences you have seen examples of non-defining relative clauses. Such clauses are separated from the main clauses with the help of commas. Secondly, the relative pronoun (like ‘which) and the ‘be’ verb can be omitted. The relative clauses without the relative pronoun and the ‘be’ verb are called the reduced relative clause. Similar reduction is possible in defining relative clauses also. Now reduce the relative clauses in the following sentences:
(a) They stood on the bridge which was connecting Cuttack with Jagatpur.
(b) The girl who is standing at the bus stop over there is my sister.
(c) The weapon that was used in the murder has been found.
(d) The boys who are being chosen for the college team are all under 18.
(e) The wooden beams which were holding up the roof have been damaged.

Activity – 7

Remedial Grammar:
1. Nasal congestion and stillness are reduced.
2. It was found that powered opium and Dover’s powder were beneficial.
3. The progress of the cold seemed to be arrested.
4. Commercial remedies are still sold.
In scientific tests were offer to see the examples of passive sentences. Whatever reduced nasal congestion, whoever found it out are unimportant in the first two sentences above. Similarly, we get examples of get-passive and have-passive scientific texts e.g.

When the boy gets chilled ___________.
I had my eyes tested.
Now rewrite the following sentences using passive structures like have/get + v + past participle.

The first one has been done for you.
1 . Our houses looked ugly. Its paint was pelling off.
So we got /had it painted.
2. Raman’s watch book. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So _____________
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So _____________
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown flourished and a wall fell down.
So _____________
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol. But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So _____________

Answer:
2. Raman’s watch broke. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So he had it repaired.
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So she got it washed.
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown of four shed and a wall fell down.
So we had it rebuilt.
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So he got it repaired.

Section – A
New look at the little of the first passage. “Cures for The Common Cold.” What possible cures can you think of? Do you know that science has not yet brought us a cure for this disease? However, the quest continues to find a possible remedy, can you guess any home remedy that may cure common cold?
Now go through the text quickly and see if you guess right. You have only two minutes to do so. Read the text again and identify the cures that have been short-listed.

Section – B
In section A we read about a sequence of experiments to find a cure for the common cold. In Section B we shall read about a different kind of experiment whose purpose is to find out the types of human blood. What’s more interesting, you can learn how to determine your blood type as well as that of others.

‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Summary in English

Cures for the common cold comprise general skepticism. Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year. Obsolete cures like asafetida and camphor are not longer in vogue and popular remedies like vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications and other drugs have substituted them. Advertised remedies now available in the market sometimes prove worthless and harmful. There is absolutely to effective prevention of the common cold. Morphine which is a derivative of opium showed excellent results, but was rejected on account of its danger. But some other derivatives of opium which are less toxic and carry no practical danger of habituation proved to be definitely valuable. Codline and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute colds.

The codlin-papaverine combination proved to be, after Morphine, the most valuable of all cold medications. A preparation, consisting of one quarter grain of codeine and one quarter of grain of papaverine was finally selected as the most effective dosage. The main efficacy was a marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge. Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication. Had they remained in bed while using it is probable that even better result have been obtained. This preparation commonly called copavin, is not advertised to the public. But it is available through physicians who should decide when and in what dosage it should be used. Dr. Russel CecilofNew York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna, both found that the codeine, paparine mixture was particularly beneficial if used by their patients at the very beginning of the affection.

Dr. Quincy, in his “Confessions” wrote that during the years in which he had taken opium he “never once caught cold, one the phrase in nor even the slightest cough. But after discontinuing the use of opium, a violent cold attacked me and a cough soon after.” Less effective, but still of moderate value were several other opium derivatives. In addition to codeine and papaverine it was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial. Quinine also came to be included in this group of moderately valuable medications. In the end, certain general hygienic measures are helpful in the treatment of colds. Going to bed and remaining there until recovery is good advice.

The value of bed rest lies in protecting others from exposure, in necessary general resistance and in keeping the body warm. Hot baths for the treatment of colds may consist of hot water, hot air stream. The effect of these baths is to dialate the blood vessels of the skin and to increase blood flow through them. As a result, nasal congestion and stiffness are reduced. Other effects may be obtained with message of or other forms of physiotherapy, with hot or cold compresses, mustard plasters and certain, medicated ointments. If such treatments are followed by rest in bed with sufficient covers to prevent cooling, the effect is prolonged and the possibility of their being more than temporary benefit is increased.

Analytical Outlines:

• Cures for the common cold comprise of general skepticism.
• Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year.
• Asafetida and camphor are considered as obsole cures.
• These are no longer in vogue.
• These have been so far substituted.
• The substitutions are popular remedies.
• These are vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications etc.
• Now advertised remedies are available in the market.
• These are proved worthless and harmful.
• There is absolutely no effective prevention of common cold.
• Morphine is a derivative of opium.
• Morphine should excellent results.
• But it was rejected on account of its danger.
• However, some other derivatives of opium are taken.
• These are less toxic.
• They also carry no practical danger of habituation.
• Hence, it proved to be definitely valuable.
• Codeine and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute cold.
• The codeine-papaverine combination proved to be the most valuable of all cold medication after morphine.
• The preparation is made.
• One-quarter grain of codeine and one-quarter grain of papaverine are prepared together.
• It is finally selected as the most effective dosage.
• The main result was the marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge.
• Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication.
• They had to remain in bed.
• So that they would have obtained better results.
• This preparation is commonly called copavin.
• It is not advertised to the public.
• But it is available through physicians.
• He is to decide about the dosage.
• Dr. Russell of New York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna found something about it.
• They found something beneficial about the mixture of codeine and papaverine.
• It is particularly beneficial for the patients at the very beginning of affection.
• Dr. Quincy in his “Confessions” wrote something.
• He wrote that the had taken opium for something.
• He marked that the had never caught by cold once.
• There was not even the slighest cough.
• But he discontinued the use of opium.
• He was attacked by a variant cold then.
• It was followed by a cough soon after.
• Several other opium derivative were less effective.
• They were still having with moderate value.
• It was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial.
• Quinine belongs to this group.
• It is also accepted as the moderately valuable medication
• Certain general hygienic measures are considered.
• They are found helpful in the treatment of cold.
• Complete bed rest up to full recovery is a good advice.
• It lies in protecting others from exposure.
• It is necessary for general resistance.
• Again it keeps the body warm.
• We can accept hot baths for the treatment of cold.
• It may consist of hot water, hot air or stream
• Its effect is very important.
• It can dialate the blood vessels of the skin.
• Again, it can increase blood flow through them
• As a result of this, nasal congestion and stiffness are cured.
• Other effects may be obtained with message.
• We can also adopt other forms of physiotherapy.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• It can also be done by other medicated ointments.
• Such treatment should be followed with complete bed rest.
• It should be with sufficient covers to prevent cooling.
• Its effect to some extent prolonged.
• Again, the possibility of temporary benefit is increased.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

remedies – panaceas: ways and means of cure.
in vogue – in prevalence, in operation
investigation – searching or examining carefully, enquiry into a matter.
uniformly – identically, almost the same, equally
distinct – distinguished, different, separate
discarded – cast off rejected, thrown away, not accepted
one- quarter- one-fourth something
De Quincey – Thomas De Quincey (1 785 – 59), English essayist and critic famous for “Confession of an English Opium- eater”, fascinating memories of distinguished by great imaginative power and splendid prose.
Octean – Jean Octean (1 889 – 1963) French poet, novelist, dramatist, film writer and director who was in the vanguard of almost every experimental artistic movement of the 20th century.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Text Book Solutions | + 2 2nd Year Science Arts Commerce Solutions Book Pdf Download

• Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions (Maths)
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Physics Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Chemistry Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Biology Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Odia Book Solutions (MIL Odia Sahitya Jyoti)
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Optional Odia Solutions (Odia Sahitya Dipti)
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Sanskrit Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Hindi Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 History Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Political Science Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Economics Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Accountancy Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Business Studies Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Education Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Logic Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Sociology Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 12 Psychology Book Solutions

BSE Odisha Solutions

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Math Notes | Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Notes CHSE Odisha

• Chapter 1 Relation and Function Notes
• Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions Notes
• Chapter 3 Linear Programming Notes
• Chapter 4 Matrices Notes
• Chapter 5 Determinants Notes
• Chapter 6 Probability Notes
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Notes
• Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Notes
• Chapter 9 Integration Notes
• Chapter 10 Area Under Plane Curves Notes
• Chapter 11 Differential Equations Notes
• Chapter 12 Vectors Notes
• Chapter 13 Three Dimensional Geometry Notes

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Math Book Solutions | Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Pdf Download

Elements of Mathematics CHSE Solutions Class 12 Chapter 1 Relation and Function

• Chapter 1 Relation and Function Ex 1(a)
• Chapter 1 Relation and Function Ex 1(b)
• Chapter 1 Relation and Function Ex 1(c)

CHSE Math Solution Class 12 Pdf Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

• Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions Ex 2

Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Volume 2 Chapter 3 Linear Programming

• Chapter 3 Linear Programming Ex 3(a)
• Chapter 3 Linear Programming Ex 3(b)
• Chapter 3 Linear Programming Additional Exercise

Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Book Solutions Chapter 4 Matrices

• Chapter 4 Matrices Ex 4(a)
• Chapter 4 Matrices Ex 4(b)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Book Pdf Download Chapter 5 Determinants

• Chapter 5 Determinants Ex 5(a)
• Chapter 5 Determinants Ex 5(b)

Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Pdf Download Chapter 6 Probability

• Chapter 6 Probability Ex 6(a)
• Chapter 6 Probability Ex 6(b)
• Chapter 6 Probability Ex 6(c)
• Chapter 6 Probability Ex 6(d)
• Chapter 6 Probability Additional Exercise

Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability

• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(a)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(b)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(c)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(d)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(e)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(f)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(g)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(h)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(i)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(j)
• Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(k)
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Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Pdf Download Chapter 9 Integration

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CHSE Odisha Class 12 Maths Syllabus (+2 2nd year)

Mathematics (+2 2nd year)
Course Structure

Unit	Topic	Marks	No. of Periods
I	Relations and Functions & Linear Programming	20	45
II	Algebra and Probability	20	45
III	Differential Calculus	20	45
IV	Integral Calculus	20	45
V	Vector 3-D Geometry	20	45
Total		100	220

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory in Group A, which are very short answer-type questions. All questions in the group are to be answered in one word, one sentence, or as per the exact requirement of the question. (1 × 10 = 10 Marks)
2. Group B contains 5(five) questions and each question has 5 bits, out of which only 3 bits are to be answered (Each bit carries 4 Marks) (4 × 15 = 60 Marks)
3. Group-C contains 5(five) questions and each question contains 2/3 bits, out of which only 1(one) bit is to be answered. Each bit caries 6(six) Mark (6 × 5 = 30 Marks)

Unit I Relations and Functions

Chapter 1 Relations and Functions
Types of relations, reflexive, symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations. One-to-one and onto functions, composite functions, the inverse of a function. Binary operations.

Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

Chapter 3 Linear Programming
Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit II Algebra

Chapter 4 Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices; Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication. Noncommutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrices (restrict to square matrices of order 2). concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

Chapter 5 Determinants
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle, and Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency, and a number of solutions of a system of linear equations by examples, solving a system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using the inverse of a matrix.

Chapter 6 Probability
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability. Independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem, Random variable, and its probability distribution, mean and variance of a random variable. Independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.

Unit III Differential Calculus

Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability
Continuity and differentiability, a derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions.
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation.

Chapter 8 Applications of Derivatives
Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents, and normals, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima, and minima (first derivative test motivates geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).

Unit IV Integral Calculus

Chapter 9 Integration
Integration as the inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.
\(\int \frac{d x}{x^2 \pm a^2}, \int \frac{d x}{x^2 \pm a^2}, \int \frac{d x}{a^2-x^2}, \int \frac{d x}{a x^2+b x+c}\)
\(\int \frac{d x}{a x^2+b x+c}, \int \frac{p x+q}{a x^2+b x+c} d x\)
\(\int \frac{p x+q}{a x^2+b x+c} d x, \int \sqrt{a^2 \pm x^2} d x\)
\(\int \sqrt{x^2-a^2} d x\)
\(\int \sqrt{a x^2+b x+c} d x, \int(p x+q) \sqrt{a x^2+b x+c} d x\)
Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

Chapter 10 Applications of the Integrals
Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ ellipses (in standard form only). The area between any of the two above-said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).

Chapter 11 Differential Equations
Definition, order, and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of the first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type:
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) + py = q, wherep and q are functions of x or constants.
\(\frac{dx}{dy}\) + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.

Unit V Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Chapter 12 Vectors
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, the addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties, and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, a scalar triple product of vectors, and Coplanarity of three vectors.

Chapter 13 Three-dimensional Geometry
Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, the shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. The angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

Books Recommended:
Bureau’s Higher Secondary (+2) Elements of Mathematics, Part-II, Published by Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production, Bhubaneswar.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Text Book Solutions

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Text Book Solutions | + 2 1st Year Science Arts Commerce Solutions Book Pdf Download

• Elements of Mathematics Class 11 CHSE Odisha Solutions (Maths)
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Physics Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Chemistry Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Biology Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Odia Book Solutions (MIL Odia Sahitya Jyoti)
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Alternative English Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sanskrit Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Hindi Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 History Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Political Science Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Economics Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Accountancy Book Solutions
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• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Education Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Logic Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Psychology Book Solutions
• CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Notes

BSE Odisha Solutions