Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Foundations of Education Solutions Unit 3 Current Issues in Education Short Answer Questions.
CHSE Odisha 12th Class Foundations of Education Unit 3 Current Issues in Education Short Answer Questions
Short Type Questions With Answers
Question 1.
What is wastage?
Answer:
Wastage means the immature or premature withdrawal of students from any class before the completion of primary course. This is due to social, economic and geographical causes.
Question 2.
What is stagnation?
Answer:
According to Hartog Committee 1929, the retention of the children in primary classes for more than one year in a class, not promoted to next class is stagnation. It is due to educational defects.
Question 3.
Give three educational causes of wastage and stagnation?
Answer:
Three educational causes of wastage and stagnation are:
- Heavy and uninteresting curriculum.
- Defective method of teaching.
- Irregularities of attendance.
Question 4.
Give two activities which develop national integration in Elementary schools?
Answer:
- By observing national days in the school.
- Co-curricular activities like games, sports, debates should be organised.
Question 5.
Give the function of DPEP?
Answer:
- Stress on child-centred education,
- Emphasis on minimum levels of learning.
- Emphasis on qualitative and quantiative education.
- Joyful learning and work education to be emphasized.
Question 6.
Give three steps for universalization?
Answer:
- Necessary teaching aids which are attractive.
- Midtime meals provision and supply of play materials,
- Stock of maximum play materials in school.
Question 7.
Give three causes of dropouts?
Answer:
- Poor economic condition of parents.
- Rapid population growth and lack of schools.
- Indifferent attitude towards women education.
- Geographical causes.
Question 8.
Give the elements of Operation Black-board?
Answer:
- Two classrooms with a big verandah.
- Supply of necessary play materials.
- Black-board, maps, and chart, globes and aids.
Question 9.
Give three educational functions of National Integration?
Answer:
- Evoke democratic thoughts among the children by discussion and seminars.
- All should participate in play, games, sports, visting etc. without feeling of caste, creed and religion.
- All should participate in the observation of National Days.
Question 10.
Give two measures to inculcate a spirit of N.I.?
Answer:
The measures to insulate the spirit of national Unity are:
- Celebrate various National days.
- The lives and works of great freedom fighters to be included in the curriculum
- Teachings of great religious leaders should be included in the curriculum.
- Organise inter matches.
Question 11.
Give three remedial measures to check wastage and stagnation?
Answer:
- School hours to be fixed to the geographical situation of the child.
- Enrolment system to be modified to the universal enrolment system.
- Necessary equipments and teaching aids to be provided to schools.
Question 12.
Give three causes that hampers universalization?
Answer:
- Universal provision.
- Apathy to the female education.
- Lack of proper facilities in the school.
- Poor condition of parents.
Question 13.
Give three obstacles of N.I?
Answer:
- Provincialism.
- Multilingualism.
- Unsuitable curriculum
- Lackofnatkaialsystonofeducatioa
Question 14.
Give two activities which develop national integration in Elementary Schools?
Answer:
- By observing national days in the school.
- Co-curricular activities like games and sports, debates should be encouraged.
Question 15.
Give two needs of national integration?
Answer:
- To safeguard the country from foreign aggression and terrorism.
- To safeguard our democracy.
- To develop the spirit of oneness without communal disparities.
Question 16.
Give two measures to inculcate the spirit of NI?
Answer:
- Celebrating various national days.
- The lives and works of great freedom fighters to be included in the curriculum
- Teachings of great religious leaders should be included in the curriculum
Question 17.
Explain three co-curricular activities to promote NI?
Answer:
- Observe national festivals.
- Holding picnics, NCC camps, NSS camps, etc.
- Holding picnics and excursions, debates and seminars, etc.
Question 18.
Give three Educational functions of NI?
Answer:
- Evoke democratic thoughts among the children by discussion and seminars.
- All should participate in play, games, and sports, visiting, etc. Without the feelings of caste, creed, and religion.
- All should participate in the national days celebration.
Question 19.
Explain three elements of values?
Answer:
In national curriculum such intrinsic elements are kept to develop value education such as:
- History of India’s freedom struggle.
- Constitutional rights and duties.
- Equality without men and women before law and other aspects.
- Develop scientific attitude.
Question 20.
What is Eternal values?
Answer:
Eternal values builds man with Saty-Siva-Sundar. Joy is the last aims of man. Such joy is eternal value. Idealists believe in eternal value because those values are spiritual, eternal and everlasting. It remains and remains forever in future. It is permanent and unchangeable.
Question 21.
Explain the main causes of wastage and stagnation?
Answer:
In 1929, Hartog Committee explored the causes and stagnation in Education. To him, the main impediment on the way of universal primary education is wastage and stagnation.
For wastage and stagnation, there are a number of causes, like social, economic, geographical, and educational They are as follows:
- Single-teacher school.
- Lack of trained teachers and women teachers.
- Lack of proper educational equipment and aids.
- Lack of suitable timetable.
- Lack of adequate teaching methods.
- Unsuitable curriculum.
- Lack of a national system of education.
- Poverty of parents.
Question 22.
What are the measures taken in the school to inculcate the spirit of National Integration?
Answer:
Education plays a major role in inspecting the national integration and the following measures are taken in promoting National Integration.
- Observance of various national days and foil participation of the teachers and students. .
- The lives of great men, their contributions and sacrifices of great freedom fighters and national leaders should be included in the curriculum.
- The curriculum should be designed according to national ideals and pay respect to the constitution the fundamental rights and duties.
Question 23.
Explain the major co-curricular activities which can promote national unity or national integration?
Answer:
The following are some of the major co-curricular activities which can promote national unity, are as follows :
- Observance of national festivals like Independence Day, Republic Day and Birth Anniversaries of National heroes should be celebrated in the school.
- Talks and seminars on national ideals.
- Co-curricular activities like sports and games, drama and debate.
- Stamp collection pen-friendship.
- In schools the students should be taken on tours, travels, excursions etc.
Question 24.
Discuss the factors of intrinsic values?
Answer:
In national education curriculum, the following intrinsic values are included. Such as:
- The history of India’s freedom struggle.
- Constitutional rights and duties. ‘
- Ancient heritage and cultural traditions.
- Equality despite ofmen and women.
- Eradication of social evils.
- Decision of snail family.
- Creation of scientific attitude.
- Common harmony, democracy and secularism.
Question 25.
Aims and objectives of value education?
Answer:
The aims and objectives of value education are as follows:
- To develop the moral, spiritual, aesthetic and cultural values among the children.
- To acquaint pupils with democracy, socialism, secularism, law and justice, scientific attitude, etc.
- To develop the character and morality of children.
- Purpose utilization of leisure.
- To develop cultural values among the children.
- To create the awareness of social service attitude and social efficiency with the school children.
- To make our children to be dutiful and an ideal citizen.
Question 26.
What are the problems on the way of value education?
Answer:
The main problems on the way of value education are as follows:
- Value education is a continuous process and so it is not possible to achieve values in one day or so.
- For change in value education there is need of patience.
- A child’s nearest environment is polluted choosing values because which is beautiful attractive, essential for one, it is ugly, unuseful to other.
Question 27.
What is Indian Values, Explain?
Answer:
From time immemorial for ages together India has influenced the world with the fight pf education and civilization. In the exploration of knowledge with world the role of India’s education, civilization and culture contributes greatly.
Dedication, tapasya (worship), and tapovan are the important characteristics of Indian culture. The whole world is a family in such feelings were created in Ancient education. Dharma, Artha, Kama and Mokshya were the four elements which helps in the salvation of man.
Indians are influenced by non-violence, simplicity, cooperation, peace, sanctity and love. Buddha, Shankaracharya, Kabir and Sura Das were the creator of such values.Under the leadership of Gandhi, India got its independence by non-violence and truth.
The fundamental principle of one national system of education are socialism, freedom, equality, brotherhood, nationality and international attitude. After independence Indian bears the values like modernisation, productivity, balance of environment, small family and national integration.
Question 28.
Explain, the ways and means of making universalization of primary education of our State successful?
Answer:
A few measures are suggested below for making universalization of primary education a success in our State.
(1) Workout universal provision – According to Article – 45 of the Indian Constitution 6 to 14 age groups of all children to be given free and compulsory education. Now every village having a school. To support this D.P.E.P. is working in the district level.
(2)Free education -Primary education has become free of tuition fee, provision of mid time meals for children, free medical service, supply of dress, scholarships and maintenance allowance for parents.
(3)Equal education facilities – Privileges equal educational opportunities is given, abolition of tuition fee from primary stage, supply of textbooks and development of an elaborate programme of scholarships, supply of bicycles, etc.
(4)Harnessing wastage and stagnation – Adequate steps taken to minimize of incidence of wastage.
Question 29.
Write down the advantages and disadvantages of I.T. in Education?
Answer:
Advantages –
Although CAI is developed on the principle of programmed learning it also utilises the concept of audio-visual education communication theory, system analysis, data processing and learning theory.
CAI provides learning experiences effectively and efficiently. A good amount of information stored in the computer is made available the learner more rapidly than any other media.
The interaction between a student and instrumental programme is made more dynamic and more individualised. A careful programming is essential for this.
Disadvantages –
CAI is extremely expensive which is not possible in a poor country like India. It is also mostly mechanical and deprived of human touch. So innovation will dehumanize the education system and the teaching-learning process will lifeless and mechanical
Question 30.
Discuss the role of CAI in the field of education?
Answer:
CAI can deal the problem of quality in education more effectively and more flexibly for a student. A learner can make progress at one’s pace receive immediate feedback on the basis of his personal needs and choose material level of instruction freely.
Since each learner’s performance is recorded and evaluated and education can be provided easily. Any lesson in any subject can be programmed for CAI if the objectives be clearly defined and learning materials be represented in words, visuals, and experiments. So CAI is beneficial to a student.
Question 31.
Explain the function of computer in Education?
Answer:
Now computer is considered as a super teaching machine. Its use in education is innovative. In developed countries, its teaching efficiency has proved. The computer has been helping the teacher in the following ways.
- Evaluation of students’ performance and classification of children according to abilities.
- Preparation of timetable and schedules.
- Allocation of fearing materials according to individual needs and interests.
- Maintenance of progress cards efficiently.
- Providing information/data for guidance and reference.
- Provision of direct interaction between pupils and subjects in tutorial work.
- Providing immediate feedback to students for better interaction and motivation.
Question 32.
What is Internet?
Answer:
The Internet is a vast computer network of information and technology in which large number of small network is connected. It is called the super highway of information. The importance of the internet is W (world wave) which is connected with persons, and institutions of the world. By online sendee telecommunication and e-mail, service is possible.
In this short time, information, letters, and pictures are sent from one computer to another computer. Now e-library facilities are there and qualitative information are collected.
For international qualitative education at the international level as well as an e-journal, e-leaming and e-governance is possible.
Question 33.
What is input devices? Give its kinds?
Answer:
An input device is a machine that feeds data into a computer. The input unit is actually a device that provides man-to-machine communication with the computer.
Data and instructions data. Input data may be characters, symbols, audio, visual, or audio-visual The following functions are performed by input devices,
- It accepts the list of instructions and data from the outside world,
- It converts these instructions and data into binary form for acceptance by the computer.
- It supplies converted instructions and data to a computer system for further processing.
The number of input devices inputting information into a computer such as – keyboard, mouse, joystick, lightpen, optical character, recognition bar code scanner, speed recognition, and graphic scanner, etc.
Question 34.
What is an output device? Give kinds of it.
Answer:
The device through which we get information from the computer is known as an output device.
The output coming from the CPU is in the form of electronic binary signals which needs conversion in the same form which can be easily understood by human beings, i.e. graphical
The output can be given:
- On the screen by the visual display unit.
- In printed form by printers.
- In graphic form by plotters.
- In audible sound form by speech.
The output devices may adopt, hard copy devices, and soft copy devices and hard copy devices produce a permanent record on media such as paper sheets.