Bhagya

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Ex 8(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Exercise 8(a)

Question 1.
Find the velocity and acceleration at the end of 2 seconds of the particle moving according to the following rules.
(i) s = 2t² + 3t + 1
Solution:
s = 2t² + 3t + 1

∴ Velocity is 11 units/sec and acceleration is 4 units/sec².

(ii) s = √t +1
Solution:
s = √t +1

(iii) s = \(\frac{3}{2 t+1}\)
Solution:

(iv) s = t³ – 6t² + 15t + 12
Solution:
s = t³ – 6t² + 15t + 12

∴ Velocity is 3 units/sec and acceleration is 0.

Question 2.
The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of √3 cm/sec. Find the rate at which the area of the triangle is increasing when the side is 4 cm long.
Solution:
Let x be the lenght of each side of an equilateral triangle.

∴ Area of the triangle is increasing at the rate of 6 cm²/sec

Question 3.
Find the rate at which the volume of a spherical balloon will increase when its radius is 2 metres if the rate of increase of its radius is 0.3 m/min.
Solution:
Let r be the radius of a spherical balloon.

∴ The volume increase at the rate of 4.8π m³/min.

Question 4.
The surface area of a cube is decreasing at the rate of 15 sq. cm/sec. Find the rate at which its edge is decreasing when the length of the edge is 5 cm.
Solution:
Let s be the surface area of a cube.
Let x be the length of each side of the cube.

∴ The edge is decreasing at the rate of 0.25 cm/sec

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 6th Class English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 6 Mahagiri – The Kind Elephant Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 6 English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 6 Mahagiri – The Kind Elephant

BSE Odisha 6th Class English Follow-Up Lesson 6 Mahagiri – The Kind Elephant Text Book Questions and Answers

Session – 1

I. Pre-Reading

□ Teacher will plan the activity.
( ଶିକ୍ଷକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ ଯୋଜନା କରିବେ ।)

II. While-Reading

Text

SGP-l
Read paragraph – 1 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ – ୧ କୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

1. Mahagiri was a big elephant. He was trained at a special school. He was bought by a merchant. The merchant made a lot of money by putting Mahagiri to work. The elephant was often sent to the forest to carry heavy logs of wood. Sometimes, he carried people from one place to another. Once, he even carried a bridegroom to the bride’s house ! At times he was sent to a famous temple in a village nearby to lead the festival procession.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
୧. ମହାଗିରି ଗୋଟିଏ ବଡ଼ ହାତୀ ଥିଲା । ସେ ଏକ ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ତାଲିମ ପାଇଥିଲା । ତାକୁ ଜଣେ ବଣିକ (ବ୍ୟବସାୟୀ) କିଣି ନେଇଥିଲେ । ବଣିକ ଜଣକ ମହାଗିରିକୁ କାମରେ ଲଗାଇ ପ୍ରଚୁର ଟଙ୍କା ରୋଜଗାର କଲେ । ହାତୀଟିକୁ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସମୟରେ ଓଜନିଆ କାଠ ଗଡ଼ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବୋହିବାକୁ ଜଙ୍ଗଲକୁ ପଠାଯାଉଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ଅନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନକୁ ବୋହି ନେଉଥିଲା । ଏପରିକି ଥରେ ସେ ଜଣେ ବରପାତ୍ର (ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ)କୁ କନ୍ୟା (ବୋହୂ) ଘରକୁ ବହନ କରି ନେଇଥିଲା ! ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ତାକୁ ନିକଟସ୍ଥ ଗ୍ରାମରେ ଥିବା ଏକ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ମନ୍ଦିରକୁ ଉତ୍ସବ ଶୋଭଯାତ୍ରାକୁ ଆଗେଇ ନେବାପାଇଁ ପଠାଯାଉଥିଲା ।

Comprehension Questions

Question 1.
What is this paragraph about?
(ଏହି ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଟି କାହା ବିଷୟରେ ?)
Answer:
This paragraph is about an elephant named Mahagiri and his work for his owner the merchant.

Question 2.
Where was Mahagiri trained?
(ମହାଗିରି କେଉଁଠାରେ ତାଲିମ ପାଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Mahagiri was trained at a special school.

Question 3.
Who bought it?
(କିଏ ଏହାକୁ କିଣିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
A merchant bought it.

Question 4.
How did the merchant make a lot of money?
(କିପରି ବଣିକଟି ପ୍ରଚୁର ଟଙ୍କା ରୋଜଗାର କଲା ?)
Answer:
The merchant made a lot of money by putting Mahagiri to work.

Question 5.
Mahagiri did four kinds of work. They are :
(i) ———- (ii) ———–
(iii) ———- (iv) ———-
Answer:
(i) He was often sent to the forest to carry heavy logs of wood.
(ii) Sometimes he carried people from one place to another.
(iii) Once, he even carried a bridegroom to the bride’s house.
(iv) At times, he was sent to a famous temple in a village nearby to lead the festival procession.

SGP-2
Read paragraphs – 2 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ – ୨ କୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

2. Once the people of the village wanted to celebrate their temple festival. The festival could not start till the temple flag was put up. The temple had the flag, but no flagpole. So the villagers went to the forest and made a fine flagpole out of a tall tree. The flagpole was too heavy for the villagers to carry. And so Mahagiri brought it to the temple. The villagers also wanted the elephant’s help to fix the flagpole in the ground. They had already dug a hole in front of the temple.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
୨. ଥରେ ଗାଁର ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମନ୍ଦିର ଉତ୍ସବଟିକୁ ପାଳନ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ମନ୍ଦିର ପତାକା ବନ୍ଧା ନ ହେଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଉତ୍ସବ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲା । ମନ୍ଦିରର ପତାକା ଥିଲା, କିନ୍ତୁ ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟ ନଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ ଗାଁ ଲୋକମାନେ ଜଙ୍ଗଲକୁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ ଡେଙ୍ଗା ଗଛରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ସୁନ୍ଦର ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟ ତିଆରି କଲେ । ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟଟି ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ବୋହିନେବାକୁ ବହୁତ ଓଜନିଆ ଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ ମହାଗିରି ଏହାକୁ ମନ୍ଦିରକୁ ଆଣିଲା । ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟଟିକୁ ଭୂମିରେ ପୋତିବାକୁ ହାତୀଟିର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ସେମାନେ ମନ୍ଦିର ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗାତ ଖୋଳି ସାରିଥିଲେ ।

Comprehension Questions

Question 1.
What are these paragraphs about?
(ଏହି ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
This paragraph is about the celebration of the temple festival and making flagpole and bringing it to the temple.

Question 2.
What did the villagers want to do?
(ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ ?)
Answer:
The villagers wanted to celebrate their temple festival.

Question 3.
What did they have but what did not have?
(ସେମାନଙ୍କର କ’ଣ ଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର କ’ଣ ନଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
They had the flag for the temple, but they did not have the flagpole.

Question 4.
Who carried the flagpole?
(ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟକୁ କିଏ ବୋହି ଆଣିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Mahagiri carried the flagpole.

Question 5.
What did they want Mahagiri to do next?
(ତା’ପରେ ମହାଗିରି କ’ଣ ସେମାନେ ଚାହିଁଲେ କରିବାକୁ ?)
Answer:
Next, the villagers also wanted Mahagiri’s help to fix the flagpole in the ground in front of the temple.

Session – 2

SGP-3
Read paragraphs 3-4 silently and answer the questions that follow
(ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ୩ – ୪ କୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ି ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

3. Now, Mahagiri carried the flagpole up to the hole. But suddenly he stopped and turned back. The mahout, who was sitting on him, ordered him to put the flagpole in the hole, but Mahagiri would not move. The mahout shouted and screamed at him but still he did not move. The villagers were angry and they shouted at the mahout. Mahagiri could not stand the noise any longer. He threw away the flagpole. And the mahout was also thrown off. The people became so frightened that they ran away for their lives.
4. Mahagiri was now alone. He moved to the hole and went down on his forelegs. He put his long trunk into the hole and gently picked up a kitten ! The little cat had been hiding in the hole. The people had been watching all this. They now knew why the elephant had not obeyed the mahout’s orders. He did not like to kill the kitten. Mahagiri then placed the flagpole into the hole and held it straight with his trunk. Everyone at the temple gave sweets and fruits to the elephant. From that day Mahagiri became the villagers’ favourite elephant and the children’s best friend.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
୩. ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମହାଗିରି ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟକୁ ଗାତ ନିକଟକୁ ବୋହିନେଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ହଠାତ୍‌ ସେ ଅଟକିଗଲା ଓ ପଛକୁ ଫେରିଆସିଲା । ତା’ଉପରେ ବସିଥିବା ମାହୁନ୍ତ ଜଣକ ତାକୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲା ଖୁଣ୍ଟକୁ ଗାତରେ ପକାଇବାକୁ, କିନ୍ତୁ ମହାଗିରି ଆଦୌ ଘୁଞ୍ଚିଲା ନାହିଁ । ମାହୁନ୍ତ ତା’ଆଡ଼କୁ ଅନାଇ ବଡ଼ପାଟିରେ ଚିତ୍କାର କଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ତଥାପି ସେ ଆଦୌ ଘୁଞ୍ଚିଲା ନାହିଁ । ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ବହୁତ ରାଗିଗଲେ ଏବଂ ମାହୁନ୍ତ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଅନାଇ ବଡ଼ପାଟିରେ ଚିତ୍କାର କଲେ । ମହାଗିରି ଅଧ‌ିକ ସମୟପାଇଁ କୋଳାହଳକୁ ସହ୍ୟ କରିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେ ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟକୁ ଫୋପାଡ଼ି ଦେଲା ଏବଂ ମାହୁନ୍ତକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ଫୋପାଡ଼ି ଦେଲା ।
୪. ମହାଗିରି ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଏକୁଟିଆ ରହିଲା । ସେ ଗାତ ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲା ଏବଂ ତା’ ଆଗଗୋଡ଼ରେ ତଳକୁ ଗଲା । ସେ ତା’ର ଲମ୍ବା ଶୁଣ୍ଢଟିକୁ ଗାତ ଭିତରକୁ ପୂରାଇଲା ଏବଂ ଅତି କୋମଳ ଭାବରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବିଲେଇ ଛୁଆକୁ ଗାତ ଭିତରୁ ବାହାରକୁ ଉଠାଇ ଆଣିଲା । ଛୋଟ ବିରାଡ଼ି ଛୁଆଟି ଗାତ ଭିତରେ ଲୁଚି ରହିଥିଲା । ଗାଁର ଲୋକମାନେ ଏସବୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସେମାନେ ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ କାହିଁକି ହାତୀଟି ମାହୁନ୍ତର ଆଦେଶକୁ ମାନି ନଥିଲା । ସେ ଚାହୁଁ ନଥୁଲା ବିରାଡ଼ି ଛୁଆଟିକୁ ମାରିଦେବାକୁ । ତା’ପରେ ମହାଗିରି ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟକୁ ଗାତ ଭିତରକୁ ପୂରାଇ ଦେଲା ଏବଂ ତା’ର ଶୁଣ୍ଢ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଏହାକୁ ସିଧାକରି ଧରିଲା । ମନ୍ଦିର ନିକଟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଲୋକ ହାତୀକୁ ମିଠା ଓ ଫଳସବୁ ଅର୍ପଣ କଲେ । ସେଦିନଠାରୁ ମହାଗିରି ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରିୟ ହାତୀ ଏବଂ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଉତ୍ତମ ବନ୍ଧ ହୋଇଗଲା ।

Comprehension Questions

Question 1.
Did Mahagiri fix the pole?
(ମହାଗିରି ଖୁଣ୍ଟଟିକୁ ପୋତିଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Yes, Mahagiri fixed the pole himself at last.

Question 2.
Why were the villagers angry?
(କାହିଁକି ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ରାଗିଗଲେ ?)
Answer:
The villagers were angry because Mahagiri would not move at though (3) the mahout shouted and screamed at him.

Question 3.
What did they do?
(ସେମାନେ କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
They shouted at the mahout.

Question 4.
What did Mahagiri bring out?
(ମହାଗିରି କ’ଣ ବାହାରକୁ ଆଣିଲା ?)
Answer:
Mahagiri gently picked up a kitten out of the hole.

Question 5.
What did the villagers realize?
( ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ କ’ଣ ହୃଦୟଙ୍ଗମ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The villagers realized why the elephant had not obeyed the mahouts orders.

Question 6.
What did they give to Mahagiri?
(ସେମାନେ ମହାଗିରିକୁ କ’ଣ ଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
They gave Mahagiri sweets and fruits.

Session – 3

III. Post-Reading

1. Writing:
(a) Write answers to the following questions.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

Question (i)
Who is Mahagiri?
(ମହାଗିରି କିଏ ? )
Answer:
Mahagiri is a big elephant.

Question (ii)
Who carried the flagpole for the villagers?
(ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପତାକା ଖୁଣ୍ଟ କିଏ ବୋହି ଆଣିଲା ?)
Answer:
Mahagiri carried the flagpole to the temple for the villagers.

Question (iii)
Why did Mahagiri not fix the pole first time?
(କାହିଁକି ମହାଗିରି ପ୍ରଥମ ଥର ଖୁଣ୍ଟଟି ପୋତିଲା ନାହିଁ ?)
_________________________ Because there was a _____________________________.
Answer:
Mahagiri did not fix the pole first time. Because the little cat (kitten) had been hiding in the hole. So he picked up the kitten gently first. (Or) Mahagiri did not fix the pole first time because there was a kitten hidden in the hole. He did not like to kill it.

Question (iv)
How did Mahagiri pick up the kitten?
(କିପରି ମହାଗିରି ବିଲେଇ ଛୁଆକୁ ବାହାର କଲା ?)
_____________________________ He Went ________________________.
Answer:
Mahagiri moved to the hole. He went down on his forelegs. He put his . long trunk into the hole and gently picked up the kitten.

(b) One villager narrates the incident to a man from another village. Read and fill in the gaps. (Question with Answer)
(ଜଣେ ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀ ଘଟଣାଟିକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗାଁର ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ଆଗରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଛନ୍ତି । ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

Answer:

To celebrate our festival, we wanted to fix the flagpole. We wanted Mahagiri to do this. But he did not do that first time. The mahout forced him to do. But he would not move. The villagers were angry. They shouted at the mahout. Mahagiri was angry. He threw off the flagpole. He also threw off the mahout. They all ran away out of fear. Do you know what Mahagiri did next ? He pulled out a kitten from the hole. What a kind elephant !

Word Note

(The words / phrases have been defined mostly on contextual meanings.)
(ଶବ୍ଦ । ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅଧିକାଂଶତଃ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗଗତ ଅର୍ଥ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରି ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରାଯାଇଛି)
state – ରାଜ୍ୟ
mountain range – ପର୍ବତମାଳା
valleys – ଉପତ୍ୟକା
rivers – ନଦୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ
flow – ପ୍ରବାହ
feet – ପାଦ
plain land – ସମଭୂମି
all around – ଚାରିଆଡ଼େ
thick forest – ଘନ ଜଙ୍ଗଲ
across – ଆରପାରିରେ
special – ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର
Guess – | କଳ୍ପନା କରିବା
trainers – ପ୍ରଶିକ୍ଷକ
Timetable – ସମୟ ନିର୍ଘଣ୍ଟ ବା
according to – ଅନୁଯାୟୀ
naughty – ଦୁଷ୍ଟ
baby elephants – ହାତୀ ଛୁଆମାନେ
Learn – ଶିଖନ୍ତୁ |
Example – ଉଦାହରଣ |
out of – ବାହାରକ
salute – ବା ସଲାମ ମାରିବା
Perform – ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବା
ring – ବାଜାଲବା
bell – ଘଣ୍ଟି
Offer – ଅର୍ପଣ କରିବା
flowers – ଫୁଲ
God – ଈଶ୍ଵର ବା ଠାକୁର
instructions – ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶାବଳୀ
mainly – ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ
through – ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ
praises – ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିବା
Punishment – ଦଣ୍ଡ ବା ମାଡ଼
food – ଖାଦ୍ୟ
fond of – ପ୍ରିୟ
banana – କଦଳୀ
Sugarcane – ଆଖୁ
Raise – ଟେକି ଧରିବା |
a piece of – ଖଣ୍ଡେ
over – ଉପରକୁ
many a time – ଅନେକ ଥର
in this way – ଏହି ମାର
without giving – ଦାନ ନକରି
act – କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା
trained – ତାଲିମପ୍ରାପ୍ତ
demand – ଚାହିଦା |
great – ବହୁତ
shows – ଖୋଲ
Ride – ଚଢ଼ିବା
music – ସଙ୍ଗୀତ
need – ଦରକାର କରିବା
popular – ଜନପ୍ରିୟ
all the more – ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ବା ଅଧୂକନ୍ତୁ
bridegroom – ବରପାତ୍ର
Celebrate – ଉତ୍ସବ ପାଳନ କରିବା
Flagpole – ପତାକା ଦଣ୍ଡ ବା
frightened – ଭୟଭୀତ
instructions – ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶାବଳୀ
mahout – ମହୂତ
Obey – ଆଦେଶ ମାନିବା
shouted and screamed – ବଡ଼ ପାଟି କରୁଥିଲେ ବା ଚିଲେଉଥିଲେ ।

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(m) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(m)

Question 1.
Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function
f(x) = x (x – 2)², 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.
Solution:
f(x) = x (x – 2)², 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
Here a = 0, b = 2
f(x) is a polynomial function hence it is continuous and also differentiable.
∴ f is continuous on [0. 2]
f is differentiable on (0, 2)
f(0) = 0 = f(2)
Thus conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
f'(x) = (x – 2)² + 2x (x – 2)
= (x – 2) (x – 2 + 2x)
= (x – 2) (3x – 2)
f'(x)= 0 ⇒ x = 2, x = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
But x = 2 ∉ (0, 2). Thus c = \(\frac{2}{3}\) such that f'(c) = 0
Thus Rolle’s theorem is verified.

Question 2.
Examine if Rolle’s theorem is applicable to the following functions:
(i) f(x) = |x| on [-1, 1]
Solution:
f(x) = |x| on [-1, 1]
As f(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0 ∈ (-1, 1)
We have Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.

(ii) f(x) = [x] on [-1, 1]
Solution:
f(x) = [x] on [-1, 1]
f(x) = [x] is not continuous at 0 ∈ [-1, 1]
Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.

(iii) f(x) = sin x on [0, π]
Solution:
f(x) = sin x on [0, π]
f is a trigonometric function hence continuous and differentiable on its domain.
∴ f is continuous on [0, π]
f is differentiable on (0, π]
f(0) = f(π)
Thus Rolle’s theorem is applicable for f(x) = sin x on [0, π]

(iv) f(x) = cot x on [0, π]
Solution:
f(x) = cot x on [0, π]
Clearly cot (0) and cot (π] are not defined hence Rolle’s theorem is not applicable.

Question 3.
Verify Lagrange’s Mean-Value theorem for
F(x) = x³ – 2x² – x + 3 on [1, 2]
Solution:
f(x) = x³ – 2x² – x + 3 on [1, 2]
f is a polynomial function hence continuous as well as differentiable.
∴ f is continuous on [1, 2]
f is differentiable on (1, 2)
Thus Largange’s mean value theorem is applicable.
Now f(1) = 1 – 2 – 1 + 3 = 1
f(2) = 8 – 8 – 2 + 3 = 1
∴ f(x) = 2x² – 4x – 1

Thus Lagrange’s mean value theorem is verified.

Question 4.
Test if Lagrange’s mean value theorem holds for the functions given in question no. 2.
Solution:
(i) f(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0 ∈ (-1, 1)
Thus Lagrange’s mean value theorem, does not hold.

(ii) f(x) = [x] is discontinuous at 0 ∈ [-1, 1]
Thus Lagrange’s mean value theorem is not applicable.

(iii) f(x) = sin x is a trigonometric function, which is continuous as well as differentiable in its domain.
∴ f is continuous on [0, π]
f is differentiable on (0, π)
Thus conditions of Lagrange’s mean value theorem are satisfied.
Hence mean value theorem is applicable.

(iv) f(x) = cot x
Which is undefined x = 0 and x = π
Thus Lagrange’s mean value theorem is not applicable.

Question 5.
(Not for examination) Verify Cauchy’s mean value theorem for the functions x² and x³
in [1, 2].
Solution:
Let f(x) = x², and g(x) = x³ on [1, 2]
Both f and g are polynomial functions, hence continuous and differentiable.
∴ f and g are continuous on [1, 2]
f and g are differentiable on (1, 2)
g'(x) = 3x² ≠ 0 ∀ x ∈ (1, 2)
Thus conditions of Cauchy’s mean value theorem are satisfied.
Now f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, g(1) = 1, g(2) = 8
f'(x) = 2, and g'(x) = 3x²

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 2 मनुष्यता Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Hindi Solutions Poem 2 मनुष्यता

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ୱାଜ୍ୟୋ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇ-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ : )

(क) कवि ने कैसी मृत्यु को सुमृत्यु कहा है?
(କବିନେ କୈସୀ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ କୋ ସୁମୃତ୍ୟୁ କହା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
जो मरने के बाद भी अमर हो जाएँ, ऐसी मृत्यु को कवि ने सुमृत्यु कहा है। जीवन में जो सत्कर्म छुप छुप है? करता है उसे ही सुमृत्यु मिलता है क्योंकि उसके अच्छे कर्म के कारण उसे सब याद करते हैं। इसलिए जो व्यक्ति दूसरों के काम आता है, वह कभी नहीं मरता

(ख) यहाँ कोई अनाथ नहीं है ऐसा कवि ने क्यों कहा है ?
(ୟହାଁ କୋଈ ଅନାଥ୍ ନହୀ ହୈ ଐସା କବିନେ କ୍ୟା କହା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
यहाँ कोई अनाथ नहीं है क्योंकि ईश्वर जो तीनों लोकों के नाथ हैं, वे सदैव सबके साथ होते हैं। वे गरीबों पर दया करनेवाले परम दयालु हैं। वे दीनबंधु हैं। सबकी मदद करने के लिए हमेशा तत्पर रहते हैं।

(ग) ‘मनुष्य मात्र बंधु है’ से आप क्या समझते हैं? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(‘ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ମାତ୍ର ବନ୍ଧୁ ହୈ’ ସେ ଆପ୍ କ୍ୟା ସମସ୍ତେ ହେଁ ? ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ। )
उत्तर:
मनुष्य के लिए प्रत्येक मनुष्य बंधु है, परम मित्र है। इसे हमें समझना होगा। यही हमारा विवेक है। एक ही भगवान हम सबके पिता हैं।

2. निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों के भाव दो-तीन वाक्यों में स्पष्ट कीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ପଂକ୍ତିକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ କେ ଭାବ ଦୋ-ତୀନ ୱାର୍କୋ ମେଁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ 🙂
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପଂକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅର୍ଥ ଦୁଇ ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କର ।)

(क) ‘मनुष्य मात्र बंधु है’ यही बड़ा विवेक है,
पुराण पुरुष स्वयंभू पिता प्रसिद्ध एक है॥
‘ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ମାତ୍ର ବନ୍ଧୁ ହୈ ୟହୀ ବଡ଼ ୱିକ ହୈ,
ପୁରାଣ ପୁରୁଷ୍ ସ୍ଵୟଂଭୂ-ପିତା ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଏକ୍ ହୈ ॥
उत्तर:
‘मनुष्य मात्र प्रसिद्ध एक है॥
इसमें कवि कहते हैं कि प्रत्येक मनुष्य बंधु है, परममित्र है। इसे हमें समझना चाहिए। यही हमारा विवेक है। एक ही भगवान हम सबके पिता हैं। वे पुराण प्रसिद्ध पुरूष हैं। वे ईश्वर हैं।

(ख) रहो न भूल के कभी मदांध तुच्छ वित्त में।
सनाथ जान आपको करो न गर्व चित्त में॥
ରହୋ ନ ଭୂଲ୍ କେ କଭୀ ସନାଥ୍ ଜାନ ଆପ୍‌ ମଦାନ୍ଧ ତୁଚ୍ଛ ବିତ୍ତ ମେଁ।
(ସନାଥ୍ ଜାନ ଆପ୍‌ କରୋ ନ ଗର୍ବ ଚିଭ୍ ମେଁ ॥)
उत्तर:
रहो न भूल ……………….. गर्व चित्त में॥
कवि कहते हैं कि संपत्ति के लोभ में पड़कर हमें गर्व से इठलाना नहीं चाहिए। अपने मित्र और परिवार आदि लोगों को देखकर भी अपने को बलवान नहीं मानना चाहिए क्योंकि इस संसार में कोई भी अनाथ. या गरीब नहीं होता। अंह भाव मनुष्य की मनुष्यता को नष्ट कर देता है।

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द/एक वाक्य में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ଏକ୍ ୱାକ୍ୟ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ : )

(क) कवि किससे न डरने की बात कर रहे हैं?
(କଞ୍ଜି କିସ୍‌ ନ ଡର୍‌ନେ କୀ ବାତ୍ କର୍ ରହେ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
कवि मृत्यु से न डरने की बात कर रहे हैं।

(ख) कवि कैसी मृत्यु को प्राप्त करने का परामर्श दे रहे हैं?
(କ କୈସୀ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ କୋ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କର୍‌ନେ କା ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦେ ରହେ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
कवि सुमृत्यु को प्राप्त करने का परामर्श दे रहे हैं।

(ग) कवि मनुष्य की किस पशु प्रवृत्ति की बात कर रहे हैं?
(କ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୀ କିସ୍ ପଶୁପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି କୀ ବାତ୍ କର୍ ରହେ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
कवि मनुष्य की, परन्तु जिस प्रकार अपने आप चरते रहते हैं, पशु प्रवृत्ति की बात कर रहे हैं।

(घ) मनुष्य क्या पाकर मदांध हो जाता है?
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କ୍ୟା ପାକର୍ ମଦାଦ୍ ହୋ ଜାତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
मनुष्य संपत्ति पाकर मदांध हो जाता है।

(ङ) सनाथ होने का घमण्ड क्यों नहीं करना चाहिए?
(ସନାଥ୍ ହୋନେ କା ଘମଣ୍ଡ୍ କୈ ନହୀ କର୍‌ନା ଚାହିଏ ?)
उत्तर:
सनाथ होने का घमण्ड नहीं करना चाहिए क्योंकि तीनों लोकों के नाथ सदैव सबके साथ रहते हैं।

(च) भाग्यहीन कौन है?
(ଭାଗ୍ୟହୀନ୍ କୌନ୍ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
अधीर होकर अंहकारी बन जानेवाला व्यक्ति भाग्यहीन है।

(छ) संसार में मनुष्य का बंधु कौन है?
(ସଂସାର୍ ମେଁ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କା ବନ୍ଧୁ କୌନ୍ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
संसार में मनुष्य का बंधु दीनबंधु यानि ईश्वर है।

(ज) पुराण पुरुष हमारे क्या हैं?
(ପୁରାଣୁ ପୁରୁଷ୍ ହମାରେ କ୍ୟା ହେଁ ?)
उत्तर:
पुराण पुरुष हम सबके पिता हैं।

(झ) वेद किसका प्रमाण देते हैं?
(ବେଦ୍ କିସ୍‌ ପ୍ରମାଣ୍ ଦେତେ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
वेद अंतरैक्य अर्थात् अंतर की एकता का प्रमाण देते हैं।

(ञ) कौन बंधु की व्यथा हरण कर सकता है?
(କୌନ୍ ବନ୍ଧୁ କୀ ବ୍ୟଥା ହରଣ କର୍ ସକ୍ତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
बंधु ही बंधु की व्यथा हरण कर सकता है।

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. उपयुक्त विभक्ति-चिह्नों से शून्य स्थान भरिए:
(ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ବିଭକ୍ତି ଚିହ୍ନ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରି ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର : )
(से, में, के, का, को, के, लिए)
(क) फलानुसार कर्म ………………… अवश्य वाह्य भेद हैं।
उत्तर:
के

(ख) वेद अंतरैक्य ……………….. प्रमाण हैं।
उत्तर:
में

(ग) वही मनुष्य है जो मनुष्य ……………….. मरे।
उत्तर:
के लिए

2. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिंग बताइए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ଶବ୍ଦା କେ ଲିଙ୍ଗ୍ ବତାଇଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଲିଙ୍ଗ ନିରୂପଣ କର : )
प्रवृत्ति, अंतरिक्ष, मृत्यु, विचार, व्यथा, अनर्थ
उत्तर:
प्रवृत्ति – स्रीरिंग
मृत्यु – स्रीलिंग
व्यथा – स्रीलिंग
अंतरिक्ष – पुंलिंग
विचार – पुंलिंग
अनर्थ – पुंलिंग

3. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के प्रयोग से एक-एक वाक्य बनाइए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦା କେ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ସେ ଏକ୍-ଏକ୍ ୱାକ୍ୟ ବନାଇଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରି ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର ।)
विवेक, प्रवृत्ति, मर्त्य, बंधु, व्यथा
उत्तर:
विवेक – हमें विवेक से काम लेना है।
प्रवृत्ति – मनुष्य की प्रवृत्ति पशु प्रवृत्ति जैसी नहीं होनी चाहिए।
मर्त्य – मर्त्य में जो भी ज़न्म लेता है, उसको एक न एक दिन अवश्य मरना पड़ता है।
बंधु – ईश्वर गरीबों के बंधु हैं।
व्यथा – मेरे पैर में चोट के कारण व्यथा हो रही है।

Very Short & Objective Type Questions with Answers

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
‘मनुष्यता’ कविता के रचयिता कौन हैं?
उत्तर:
‘मनुष्यता’ कविता के रचयिता श्री मौथिलीशरण गुप्त हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
कवि गुप्तजी के अनुसार कौन सा कार्य वहुत बड़ा अनर्थ है?
उत्तर:
कबि गुप्तजी के अनुसार एक भाई यदि दूसरे भाई के दुःख को दूर न करे तो यह बड़ा अनर्थ है।

प्रश्न 3.
दयालु दीनबन्धु के विशाल हाथ होने का क्या अर्थ है?
उत्तर:
विशाल हाथ होने का अर्थ है कि ईश्वर अपनी सभी सन्तानों को दुःख में सहायता पहुँचा ही देते हैं।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द/एक पद में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
कवि के अनुसार कौन साथ होने से कोई अनाथ नहीं हो सकता?
उत्तर:
त्रिलोकनाथ

प्रश्न 2.
मैथिलीशरण गुप्त के अनुसार, अतीव भाग्यहीन कौन है?
उत्तर:
अधीर भाव जो करे

प्रश्न 3.
यहाँ कोई अनाथ क्यों नहीं है?
उत्तर:
क्योंकि सबके साथ त्रिलोकनाथ हैं

प्रश्न 4.
कवि के विचार से मर्त्य में किससे नहीं डरना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
मृत्यु से

प्रश्न 5.
पशु प्रवृत्ति किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
जो आप ही आप चरे

प्रश्न 6.
दयालु दीनबंधु के हाथ कैसा हैं?
उत्तर:
विशाल

प्रश्न 7.
महान मनुष्य किसे कहा जा सकता है?
उत्तर:
जो मनुष्य के लिए मरे

प्रश्न 8.
परमेश्वर किसके पिता है?
उत्तर:
हम सब के

प्रश्न 9.
‘मैथिलीशरण गुप्त’ किस कविता के रचयिता हैं?
उत्तर:
मनुष्यता

प्रश्न 10.
किसका प्रमाण देते है?
उत्तर:
अन्तर की एकता

C. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
मनुष्य ……………… पाकर मदांध हो जाता है।
उत्तर:
संपति

प्रश्न 2.
अपने को …………….. जानकर चित्त में गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए।
उत्तर:
सनाथ

प्रश्न 3.
कवि ……………… को प्राप्त होने को कहते हैं।
उत्तर:
सुमृत्यु

प्रश्न 4.
‘आप आप ही चरे’ ………………. प्रवृत्ति है।
उत्तर:
पशु

प्रश्न 5.
‘मनुष्यता’ कविता में मनुष्य को ……………. बनने को कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
महान

प्रश्न 6.
……………….. भाग्यहीन है।
उत्तर:
अहंकारी

प्रश्न 7.
…………… होकर अहंकारी बन जाने वाला व्यक्ति को भाग्यहीन कहा जाता है।
उत्तर:
अधीर

प्रश्न 8.
दुनिया में कोई ………………….. नहीं है?
उत्तर:
अनाथ

प्रश्न 9.
……………… वन्धु की व्यथा हरण कर सकता है।
उत्तर:
वंधु ही

प्रश्न 10.
……………… स्वयंभू है।
उत्तर:
परमात्मा

D. ठिक् या भूल लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
भाग्यहीन उसे कहा गया है जो अधीर हो।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 2.
इस संसार में मनुष्य का बंधु देवता है।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 3.
सनाथ होने के बाद भी शर्म नहीं करना चाहिए।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 4.
वेद अन्तर की एकता प्रमाण देते हैं।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 5.
पुराण पुरुष हमारे भाई हैं।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 6.
प्रमाणभूत का अर्थ साक्षी है।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 7.
जो मनुष्य के लिए मरता है, वह महान है।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 8.
इनसान संपत्ति पाकर विनयी बन जाता है।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 9.
अहंकारी व्यक्ति को भाग्यवान कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 10.
कवि मृत्यु से न डरने की बात कर रहे हैं।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

Multiple Choice Questions (mcqs) with Answers

सही उत्तर चुनिए : (MCQs)

1. कवि के अनुसार कौन साथ होने से कोई अनाथ नहीं हो सकता?
(A) सच्चा मित्र
(B) विश्वनाथ
(C) अपनी माँ
(D) त्रिलोकनाथ
उत्तर:
(D) त्रिलोकनाथ

2. ‘मनुष्यता’ कविता के कवि हैं
(A) मैथिलीशरण गुप्त
(B) कबीर
(C) रहीम
(D) हरिवंश राय
उत्तर:
(A) मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

3. कवि के विचार से मर्त्य में किससे नहीं डरना चाहिए
(A) तूफान से
(B) तलवार से
(C) मृत्यु से
(D) अहंकार से
उत्तर:
(C) मृत्यु से

4. पशु प्रवृत्ति किसे कहते हैं?
(A) जो दूसरों के लिए मरे
(B) जो आप ही आप चरे
(C) जो साधना करे
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(B) जो आप ही आप चरे

5. मनुष्य क्या पाकर मदांध हो जाता है?
(A) वित्त
(B) किताबें
(C) यश
(D) चीजें
उत्तर:
(A) वित्त

6. अपने को क्या जानकर चित्त में गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए?
(A) अनाथ
(B) सनाथ
(C) दोनाथ
(D) भोलेनाथ
उत्तर:
(B) सनाथ

7. ‘अतीव भाग्यहीन हैं अधीर भाव जो करे’ – इस पंक्ति में भाग्यहीन है
(A) जो धीर है
(B) जो अधीर है
(C) जो अस्थिर है
(D) जो स्थिर है
उत्तर:
(B) जो अधीर है

8. पुराण पुरुष हमारे क्या हैं?
(A) चाचा
(B) परचाचा
(C) पिता
(D) मामा
उत्तर:
(C) पिता

9. ‘परन्तु अंतरैक्य है’ इसका प्रमाण देता है
(A) ग्रंथ
(B) कचहरी
(C) साक्षी
(D) वेद
उत्तर:
(D) वेद

10. इस संसार में मनुष्य का बंधु है
(A) भगवान
(B) देवता
(C) मनुष्य
(D) मुनि
उत्तर:
(C) मनुष्य

11. दयालु दीनबंधु के हाथ हैं:
(A) छोटे
(B) मोटे
(C) विशाल
(D) वड़े
उत्तर:
(C) विशाल

12. भाग्यहीन उसे कहा गया है जो
(A) धीर हो
(B) अधीर हो
(C) स्थिर हो
(D) व्याकुल हो
उत्तर:
(B) अधीर हो

13. ‘आप आप ही चरे’ कैसी प्रवृत्ति है?
(A) पशु
(B) मनुष्य
(C) राक्षस
(D) देवता
उत्तर:
(A) पशु

14. कवि गुप्त जी के अनुसार किससे डरना नहीं चाहिए?
(A) मृत्यु से
(B) शेर से
(C) शिक्षक से.
(D) रात से
उत्तर:
(A) मृत्यु से

15. वेद किसका प्रमाण देते हैं ?
(A) अन्तर की एकता
(B) वाहर की एकता
(C) बन्धु की एकता
(D) ग्रन्थ की एकता
उत्तर:
(A) अन्तर की एकता

यह कविता (ଏହି କବିତା)

इस कविता में मनुष्य को महान बनने की प्रेरणा दी गई है। कवि कहते हैं कि जिसने इस धरा पर जन्म लिया है, एक न एक दिन अवश्य मरेगा। इसलिए हमें कभी मृत्यु से नहीं डरना चाहिए। हम ऐसे मरे कि ने के बाद भी अमर हो जाएँ। यदि हम जीवन भर सत्कर्म नहीं करेंगे तो हमें अच्छी मृत्यु नहीं मिलेगी अर्थात् मरने के बाद कोई याद नहीं रखेगा। जो व्यक्ति दूसरों के काम आता है वह कभी मरता नहीं है। क्योंकि वह कभी भी अपने लिए नहीं जीता है। पशु जिस प्रकार अपने आप चरते रहते हैं उसी तरह की प्रवृत्ति मनुष्य में भी कई बार दिखाई देती है जो ठीक नहीं है।

मनुष्य को तो मनुष्य की मदद करने में प्राण दे देना चाहिए। संपत्ति के लोभ में पड़कर हमें गर्व से नहीं इठलाना चाहिए। कुछ अपने मित्र और परिवार आदि लोगों को देखकर भी अपने को बलवान नहीं मानना चाहिए क्योंकि इस संसार में कोई भी अनाथ या गरीब नहीं होता। यहाँ कोई भी अनाथ नहीं हो सकता क्योंकि ईश्वर जो तीनों लोकों के नाथ हैं, वे सदा सबके साथ रहते हैं। क्योंकि ईश्वर दीनबंधु हैं। गरीबों पर दया करने वाले भी हैं परम दयालु हैं। विशाल हाथ वाले हैं अर्थात् वे सबकी मदद करने के लिए सदा तत्पर रहते हैं।

जो अधीर होकर अहंकारी बन जाते हैं वे तो सच में भाग्यहीन हैं। मनुष्य तो वही है जो मनुष्य की सेवा करे और उसके लिए मरे। मनुष्य के लिए प्रत्येक मनुष्य बंधु है, परम मित्र है। इसे हमें समझना होगा। यही हमारा विवेक है। एक ही भगवान हम सब के पिता हैं। वे पुरातन प्रसिद्ध पुरुष हैं। वे ईश्वर हैं। यह तो सत्य है कि हमें अपने कर्मों के अनुरूप फल भोगना होता है। इसलिए बाहरी तौर पर हम भले ही अलग अलग दिखाई देते हैं पर अंदर से एक हैं। हममें अन्तर की एकता है। वेद ऐसा ही कहते हैं। समाज में अनर्थ तब होता है जब मनुष्य दूसरे को अपना बंधु नहीं मानता। मनुष्य को ही मनुष्य की पीड़ा को दूर करना होगा । इसलिए सही माईने में मनुष्य वह है जो मनुष्य के लिए मरता है।

ଏହି କବିତା:
ଏହି କବିତା ରେ ମଣିଷକୁ ମହାନ୍ ହେବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦିଆଯାଇଅଛି। କବି କହୁଛନ୍ତି ଯିଏ ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠରେ ଜନ୍ମ ନେଇଛନ୍ତି, ଦିନେ ନା ଦିନେ ତା’ର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ। ଏଣୁ ଆମେ କେବେହେଲେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ଭୟ କରିବା ନାହିଁ। ଆମେ ଏପରି ଭାବେ ମରିବା ଯେପରି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅମର ହୋଇ ରହିବା। ଯଦି ଆମେ ସତ୍‌କର୍ମ ନ କରିବା ତାହାହେଲେ ଆମକୁ ଭଲ ମରଣ ମିଳିବ ନାହିଁ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍‌ ମଲାପରେ କେହି ଆମକୁ ମନେରଖିବେ ନାହିଁ। ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଅନ୍ୟର କାମରେ ଆସେ ସେ କେବେ ମରେ ନାହିଁ, ଯେହେତୁ ସେ କେବେହେଲେ ନିଜ ପାଇଁ ବଞ୍ଚେ ନାହିଁ। ପଶୁ ଯେପରି ଆପଣା
ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଜୀବନ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିବା ଦରକାର।

ବଳବାନ୍ ବୋଲି ଭାବିବା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ, ଯେହେତୁ ଏହି ସଂସାରରେ କେହି ଅନାଥ ବା ଗରିବ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି। ଏଠାରେ କେହି ଅନାଥ ହୋଇପାରେନା ଯେହେତୁ ଈଶ୍ଵର ତ୍ରିଲୋକର ସ୍ବାମୀ, ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ରୁହନ୍ତି। ଈଶ୍ଵର ଦୀନବନ୍ଧୁ ଅଟନ୍ତି। ଗରିବମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୟା କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକ ମଧ୍ୟ ପରମ ଦୟାଳୁ । ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ମଣିଷର ସେବା କରିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ମରିଥାଏ । ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମଣିଷ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଓ ପରମ ମିତ୍ର ଅଟେ । ଏହା ଆମକୁ ବୁଝିବାକୁ ହେବ। ଏହା ଆମର ବିବେକ।

ସେ ଜଣକ ହିଁ ଆମର ପିତା। ସେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ପୁରୁଷ ଅଟନ୍ତି। ସେ ହିଁ ଈଶ୍ଵର। ଏହା ସତ୍ୟ ଯେ ଆମକୁ ଆମର କର୍ମ ଅନୁସାରେ ହିଁ ଫଳ ମିଳିଥାଏ। ବାହାରକୁ ଆମେ ସଭିଏଁ ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଭିତରେ ଆମେ ସଭିଏଁ ଏକ। ସମାଜରେ ଅନର୍ଥ ସେତେବେଳେ ଉପୁଜେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ମଣିଷ ଅନ୍ୟକୁ ନିଜର ବନ୍ଧୁ ବୋଲି ଭାବେ ନାହିଁ, ମଣିଷକୁ ହିଁ ମଣିଷର ଦୁଃଖ ଦୂର କରିବାକୁ ହେବ। ଏଣୁ ପ୍ରକୃତ ଅର୍ଥରେ ମଣିଷ ସେହି ଯିଏ ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ମରେ।

विचार लो कि मर्त्य हो न मृत्यु से डरो कभी,
मरो परंतु यों करो कि याद जो करें सभी।
हुई न यों सुमृत्यु तो वृथा मरे, वृथा जिए,
मरा नहीं वही कि जो जिया न आपके लिए।
वही पशु प्रवृत्ति है कि आप आप ही चरे,
वही मनुष्य है कि जो मनुष्य के लिए मरे।।

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
कवि कहते हैं कि जिसने इस धरा पर जन्म लिया है, वह एक न एक दिन अवश्य मरेगा। इसलिए मृत्यु से कभी डरना नहीं चाहिए, हमारी मृत्यु ऐसी हो कि मरने के बाद भी हम अमर होकर रहें। इसके लिए हमें जीवन में सुकर्म करना होगा, वरना मरने के बाद कोई भी हमें याद नहीं रखेगा। जो व्यक्ति दूसरों के काम आता है, वह कभी भी नहीं मरता। क्योंकि कभी भी अपने लिए जीता ही नहीं। पशु जिस प्रकार अपने आप चरते रहते हैं, उसीप्रकार की प्रवृत्ति मनुष्य में भी कई बार दिखाई देती है जो ठीक नहीं है। मनुष्य को हमेशा मनुष्य की मदद करने में प्राण दे देना चाहिए।

କବିଙ୍କ ମତ ଅନୁସାରେ ଜନ୍ମ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଚିରନ୍ତନ ସତ୍ୟ। ଏହି ଧରାଧାମରେ ଯିଏ ଜନ୍ମ ନେଇଛି, ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ଭୟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ। ଜୀବନସାରା ଏପରି କାମ ରହିବ। ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ସତ୍ କର୍ମ କରି ଅମର ରହିବା। ଯଦି କୁକର୍ମ କରିବା ତେବେ ପରେ ଆମକୁ କେହି ମନେ ରଖୁବେ ନାହିଁ। ପଶୁ ଯେପରି ଆପଣା ଛାଏଁ ଭିତରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅନେକ ଥର ଦେଖାଯାଏ ଯାହା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ। ମଣିଷକୁ ମଣିଷ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଦିନେ ନା ଦିନେ ତା’ର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ। କରିବା ତାହା ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରେ ଅମର ହୋଇ ଆମକୁ ଭଲ ମରଣ ହେବ ନାହିଁ। ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ମରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ସେହିପରି ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି ମନୁଷ୍ୟ

(ii) रहो न भूल के कभी मदांध तुच्छ वित्त सें,
सनाथ जान आपको करो न गर्व चित्त में।
अनाथ कौन है यहाँ ? त्रिलोकनाथ साथ हैं,
दयालु दीनबंधु के बड़े विशाल हाथ हैं।
अतीव भाग्यहीन हैं अधीर भाव जो करे,
वही मनुष्य है कि जो मनुष्य के लिए मरे॥

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
कवि कहते हैं कि संपत्ति के लोभ में पड़कर हमें गर्व से इठलाना नहीं चाहिए। मित्र और परिवार आदि लोगों को देखकर कभी भी अपने को बलवान नहीं मानना चाहिए क्योंकि इस संसार कोई भी अनाथ या गरीब नहीं होता। ईश्वर जो तीनों लोकों के नाथ हैं, वे सदैव हमारे साथ रहते हैं। वे दीनबंधु हैं। गरीबों पर दया करनेवाले परम दयालु हैं। वे विशाल हाथ वाले हैं और सबकी मदद करने के लिए सदैव तत्पर रहते हैं। जो अधीर होकर अहंकारी बन जाते हैं वे तो वास्तव में भाग्यहीन हैं। मनुष्य वही है जो मनुष्य की सेवा करे और उसके लिए मरे।

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଧନ ଲୋଭରେ ପଡ଼ି ଆମେ ଗର୍ବ କରିବା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ। ନିଜ ପରିବାରବର୍ଗ ଓ ମିତ୍ରକୁ ଦେଖୁ କରି ନିଜକୁ ବଳବାନ ବୋଲି ଭାବିବା ଅନୁଚିତ। କାରଣ ଏହି ସଂସାରରେ କେହି ଗରିବ ବା ଅନାଥ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି। ଏହି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ପରମ ଦୟାଳୁ। ଯେ ଅଧର ହୋଇ ଅହଂକାରୀ ହୋଇଯାଏ ସେ ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଭାଗ୍ୟହୀନ ଅଟନ୍ତି। ମଣିଷ ସେହି ଅଟନ୍ତି ଯେ ମଣିଷର ସେବା କରିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ଜୀବନ ହାରିଥାଏ।

(iii) ‘मनुष्य मात्र बंधु है, यही बड़ा विवेक है,
पुराण पुरुष स्वयं पिता प्रसिद्ध एक है।
फलानुसार कर्म के अवश्य बाह्य भेद हैं।
परंतु अंतरैक्य में प्रमाणभूत वेद हैं।
अनर्थ है कि बंधु ही न बंधु की व्यथा हरे;
वही मनुष्य है कि जो मनुष्य के लिए मरे।।

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
इसमें कवि कहते हैं कि मनुष्य के लिए प्रत्येक मनुष्य बंधु है, परम मित्र है। इसे हमें समझाना चाहिए। यही हमारा विवेक है। एक ही भगवान हम सबके पिता हैं। वे स्वयं पुराण प्रसिद्ध पुरुष हैं। इस संसार में हमें अपने कर्मों के अनुसार फल मिलता है। इसलिए बाहरी तौर पर हम भले ही अलग-अलग दिखाई देते हैं पर अंदर से एक हैं। हम में अन्तर की एकता है। वेद में ऐसा कहा गया है। समाज में अनर्थ उस समय होता है जब मनुष्य दूसरे को अपना बंधु नहीं मानता है। मनुष्य को ही मनुष्य की पीड़ा को दूर करना होगा। सही अर्थ में मनुष्य वही होता है जो मनुष्य के लिए मरता है।

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମଣିଷ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଓ ପରମ ମିତ୍ର ଅଟେ। ଏହା ଆମକୁ ବୁଝିବାକୁ ହେବ, ଏହାହିଁ ବିବେକ। ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ସତ୍ୟ ଯେ ଆମକୁ ଆମର କର୍ମ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଫଳ ମିଳିଥାଏ। ଆମେ ସଭିଏଁ ବାହାରକୁ ଅଲଗା-ଅଲଗା ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଭିତରେ ସମସ୍ତେ ଏକ ଅଛନ୍ତି। ଯେତେବେଳେ ମଣିଷ ଅନ୍ୟକୁ ନିଜର ବୋଲି ଭାବେ ନାହିଁ, ସେହି ସମୟରେ ସମାଜରେ ଅନେକ ଅନର୍ଥ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ। ମଣିଷକୁ ହିଁ ମଣିଷର ଦୁଃଖ ଲାଘବ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ। ପ୍ରକୃତ ଅର୍ଥରେ ମଣିଷ ସେହି ଯିଏ ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ଜୀବନ ଦେଇଥାଏ।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

मर्त्य धरा/पृथ्वी (ପୃଥବୀ)।

परंतु – किन्तु (ପରନ୍ତୁ )।

मदांध – गर्व से अंध (ଗର୍ବରେ ଅନ୍ଧ)।

आप – खुद (ନିଜେ)।

चित्त – मन (ମନ )।

दीनबंधु – ईश्वर (ଦୀନଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁ )।

अतीव – अत्यन्त (ଅଧ୍ଵ )।

प्रमाणभूत- साक्षी (ସାକ୍ଷୀ)।

बाहूय – बाहारी (ବାହାର )।

पशु प्रवृत्ति – पशु जैसा स्वभाव (ପଶୁ ପରି ସ୍ବଭାବ)।

याद – स्मरण (ମନେପକାଇବା)।

प्रवृत्ति – प्रकृति (ପ୍ରକୃତି )।

वित्त – संपत्ति (ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି)।

सनाथ – परिजन का होत (ସପରିବାର )।

अंतरैक्य – आत्मा की एकता (ଆତ୍ମାର ଏକତା)।

स्वयं – खुद (ନିଜେ )।

व्यथा – कष्ट (କଷ୍ଟ)।

कवि परिचय

मैथिली शरण गुप्त का जन्म चिरगाँव झाँसी में सन् 1886 में हुआ था। उनकी पढ़ाई घर पर ही हुई। उन्होंने हिन्दी के अलावा संस्कृत, बंगला, मराठी और अँग्रेजी में भी अच्छा ज्ञान प्राप्त किया। बचपन से ही वे कविता लिखने लगे थे। अपने जीवन काल में ही वे राष्ट्रकवि के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हुए। गुप्तजी का परिवार रामभक्त था। उन्होंने भारतीय जीवन के आदर्श, इतिहास और संस्कृति को अपने काव्य का आदर्श बनाया। स्नेह, प्रेम, दया, उदारता आदि मानवीय भावों को भी साहित्य के माध्यम से उजागर किया।

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(d) रहीम के दोहे Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Hindi Solutions Poem1(d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ପ୍ରକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ୱାର୍କୋ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇ-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) तरुवर और सरवर क्या करते हैं?
(ତରୁୱର୍‌ ଔର୍ ସର୍‌ବର୍ କ୍ୟା କର୍‌ତେ ହେଁ ?)
उत्तर:
तरुवर और सरवर दोनों दूसरों का उपकार करते हैं। तरुवर अपने फल से दूसरों की भूख मिटाता है। सरवर अपने जल से दूसरों की प्यास बुझाता है। ये दोनों क्रमशः दूसरों के लिए फल और पानी की बचत करते हैं।

(ख) शिवि राजा ने क्यों मांस दान दिया?
(ଶିୱି ରାଜା ନେ କ୍ୟା ମାଂସ୍ ଦାନ୍ ଦିୟା ?)
उत्तर:
शिवि एक परोपकारी राजा थे। एक कबूतर की जान बचाने के बदले में राजा शिवि ने कबूतर के वजन के बराबर अपना मांस बाज पक्षी के माँगने पर दान में दिया।

(ग) छोटों की अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए – क्यों?
(ଛୋଟୋ କୀ ଅହେଲନା ନହିଁ କର୍‌ନୀ ଚାହିଏ କୈ ?)
उत्तर:
छोटों की अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए क्योंकि छोटे और बड़े दोनो का अलग-अलग महत्व होता है। इसके लिए कवि ने सुई और तलवार का उदाहरण दिया है। जो काम सुई कर सकती है वही काम तलवार नहीं कर सकती। इसलिए दोनों का आदर करना चाहिए।

(घ) ऋषि दधीचि ने किसलिए हाड़ या अस्थि दान दिया था?
(ଋଷି ଦଧୀଚି ନେ କିସ୍‌ଏ ହାଡ଼ ୟା`ଅସ୍ଥି ଦାନ ଦିୟା ଥା ?)
उत्तर:
ऋषि दधीचि ने संसार का उपकार करने के लिए और वृत्रासुर के आतंक से मनुष्य और देवताओं की रक्षा के लिए अपना अस्थि दान दिया था। क्योंकि दधीचि एक परोपकारी ऋषि थे। परोपकार के लिए उन्होंने आपना जीवन त्याग दिया था।

2. निम्नलिखित अवतरणों का आशय दो-तीन वाक्यों में स्पष्ट कीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଅତରର୍ଡୋ କା ଆଶୟ ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ୱାର୍କୋ ମେଁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ ।)
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଅବତରଣଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଆଶୟ ଦୁଇ-ତିନିଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କର ।)

(क) तरुवर फल नहिं खात है, सरवर पिय हिं न पान।
(ତରୁୱର୍ ଫଲ୍ ନହିଁ ଖାତ୍ ହୈ, ସର୍‌ବର୍ ପିୟ ହିଁ ନ ପାନ୍ ।)
उत्तर:
पेड़ कभी भी अपना फल नहीं खाता है। सरोवर कभी भी अपना जल नहीं पीता है। ये दोनों दूसरों के हित के लिए फल और पानी की बचत करते हैं। फल से दूसरों की भूख मिटती है और पानी से प्यास बुझती है।

(ख) जहाँ काम आवै सुई, कहा करैं तरवारि
(କାମ ଆ ସୁଈ, କହା କରି ତରୱାରି)
उत्तर:
कवि रहीम के अनुसार अगर बड़े लोग आपके मित्र हैं तो छोटे लोगों को छोड़ मत दीजिए। समाज में दोनों का अलग-अलग महत्व होता है। कवि सुई और तलवार का उदाहरण देकर कहा है कि जहाँ छोटी सी सुई काम कर सकती है वहाँ तलवार काम नहीं कर सकती।

(ग) मांस दियो शिवि भूप ने, दीन्हों हाड़ दधीचि।
(ମାଂସ୍ ଦିୟୋ ଶିୱି ଭୂପ୍ ନେ, ଦୀର୍ଣ୍ଣୋ ହାଡ଼ ଦଧୀଚି ।)
उत्तर:
शिवि राजा ने परोपकार के लिए अपना मांस अपरिचित बाज को दे दिया। ऋषि दधीचि ने देवताओं की मदद के लिए अपनी अस्थी दान में दे दिया। इसमें दोनों को किसी लाभ की आशा नहीं थी, केवल परोपकार की भावना थी।

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍-ଏକ୍ ବାକ୍ୟ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ ।)
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) तरुवर क्या नहीं खाता है?
(ତରୁୱର୍‌ କ୍ୟା ନହିଁ ଖାତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
तरुवर फल नहीं खाता है।

(ख) सरवर क्या नहीं पीता है?
(ସର୍‌ୱର୍‌ କ୍ୟା ନହୀ ପୀତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
सरवर पानी नहीं पीता है।

(ग) सुजान किसलिए संपत्ति का संचय करता है?
(ସୁଜାନ୍ କିସ୍‌ଏ ସଂପରି କା ସଂଚୟ କର୍ତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
सुजान परोपकार के लिए संपत्ति का संचय करता है।

(घ) बड़े लोगो को देखकर लघु का क्या नहीं करना चाहिए?
(ବଡ଼େ ଲୋଗୋ କୋ ଦେଖ୍କର୍ ଲଘୁ କା କ୍ୟା ନହୀ କର୍‌ନା ଚାହିଏ ?)
उत्तर:
बड़े लोगों को देखकर छोटों की अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए।

(ङ) सुई की जगह अगर तलवार मिलजाए तो काम होगा या नहीं?
(ସୁଈ କୀ ଜଗହ ଅଗର୍ ତଲୱାର୍ ମିଯାଏ ତୋ କାମ୍ ହୋଗା ୟା ନହୀଁ ?)
उत्तर:
सुई की जगह अगर तलवार मिल जाए तो काम नहीं होगा।

(च) परोपकार करते समय क्या जरुरी नहीं है?
(ପରୋପକାର୍ କର୍‌ତେ ସମୟ କ୍ୟା ଜରୁରୀ ନହୀ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
परोपकार करते समय मित्रता जरुरी नहीं है।

(छ) शिवि भूप ने क्या दान दिया था?
(ଶିଵି ଭୂପ୍ ନେ କ୍ୟା ଦାନ୍ ଦିୟା ଥା ?)
उ:
शिवि भूप ने मांस दान दिया था।

(ज) किसने अपनी हहड्डियों का दान दिया था?
(କୀସ୍‌ ଅପନୀ ହଙ୍ଗିର୍ଲୋ କା ଦାନ୍ ଦିୟା ଥା ?)
उत्तर:
ऋषि दधीचि ने अपनी हड्डियों का दान दिया था।

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. नीचे लिखे शब्दों के खड़ीबोली- रूप लिखिए:
(ନୀଚେ ଲିଖେ ଶହେଁ। କେ ଖଡ଼ୀବୋଲୀ-ରୂପ୍ ଲିଖିଏ: )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଖଡ଼ୀବୋଲୀ ରୂପ ଲେଖ ।)
नहिं, सरवर, पिय, पान, तलवारि काज
उत्तर:
नहिं – नहीं
पिय – पी
तलवार – तलवार
सरवर – सरोवर
पान – पानी
काज – काम

2. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विपरीत शब्द लिखिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ଶବ୍ଦା କେ ୱିପରୀତ୍‌ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲିଖିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ : )
पर, हित, सुजान, बड़ा, लघु, उपकार
उत्तर:
पर – निज
सुजान – दुर्जन
लघु – गुरु
हित – अहित
बड़ा – छोटा
उपकार – अपकार

3. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समानार्थक शब्द लिखिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ଶହେଁ। କେ ସମାନାର୍ଥକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲିଖିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସମାନାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ : )
सरवर, तरु, पान, संपत्ति, सुजान, लघु, तलवारि, भूप, यारी, हाड़
उत्तर:
सरवर – तालाब
पान – पानी/जल
सुजान – सज्जन
तलवारि – तलवार/असि
यारी – दोस्ती/मित्रता
तरू – वृक्ष/पेड़
संपत्ति – धन/दौलत
लघु – क्षुद्र/छोटा
भूप – राजा/सम्राट
हाड़ – अस्थि

4. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिंग निर्णय कीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଲିଙ୍ଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କର ।)
फल, संपत्ति, सुई, तलवार, मांस
उत्तर:
फल – पुंलिंग
संपत्ति – स्त्रीलिंग
सुई – स्त्रीलिंग
तलवार – स्त्रीलिंग
मांस – पुंलिंग

5. ‘को’ परसर्ग का प्रयोग करके पाँच वाक्य बनाइए।
(‘କୋ’ ପରସର୍ଗ କା ପ୍ରୟୋଗ୍ କର୍‌କେ ପାଞ୍ଚ୍ ବାକ୍ୟ ବନାଇଏ।)
(‘କୋ’ ପରସର୍ଗ ଲଗାଇ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର।)
जैसे – राम को किताब दो।
उत्तर:

1. मुझको जाने दो।
2. भिखारी को भिख दो।
3. अर्चना को किताब लाकर दो।
4. राकेश को कलम दो।
5. राम ने श्याम को पुस्तक दी।

Very Short & Objective Type Questions with Answers

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
रहिम का पूरा नाम क्या था?
उत्तर:
रहिम का पूरा नाम अव्दुल रहिम खानखान था।

प्रश्न 2.
रहिम कौन थे?
उत्तर:
रहिम का पूरा नाम अव्दुल रहिम खानखान था।

प्रश्न 3.
तलवार किस जगह काम में नहीं आ सकती?
उत्तर:
जिस जगह पर सुई काम में आती है वहाँ तलवार काम में नहीं आ सकती।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द/एक पद में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
बड़े को देखकर किसे नहीं डाल देना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
लघु को

प्रश्न 2.
रहीम के अनुसार दूसरों की भलाई के लिए सज्जन क्या करता है?
उत्तर:
संपत्ति संचय करता है

प्रश्न 3.
सज्जन संपत्ति का संचय क्यों करते हैं?
उत्तर:
परोपकार के लिए उ-शिवि ने

प्रश्न 4.
परोपकार के लिए किसने मांस का दान दिया था?
उत्तर:
शिवि ने

प्रश्न 5.
परोपकार करते समय क्या नहीं विचार करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
दोस्त है या नहीं

प्रश्न 6.
वृत्रासुर जिस अस्त्र से मारा गया, उस अस्त्र का नाम क्या था?
उत्तर:
बज्र

प्रश्न 7.
सरोवर क्या पीता नहीं है?
उत्तर:
जल

प्रश्न 8.
परोपकार को कवि रहीम ने कैसा कार्य कहा है?
उत्तर:
महान

प्रश्न 9.
पेड़ क्या नहीं खाता है?
उत्तर:
फल

प्रश्न 10.
सुई की जगह क्या इस्तेमाल नहीं किया जा सकता ?
उत्तर:
तलवार

C. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
बड़े को पाकर लघु को ………………..
उत्तर:
नहीं त्यानना चाहिए

प्रश्न 2.
………………… की अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए।
उत्तर:
छोटों की

प्रश्न 3.
कवि रहीम के अनुसार समाज में जिन दोनों का महत्व है वे…………………. हैं।
उत्तर:
बड़े-छोटे

प्रश्न 4.
राजा शिवि ने बाज की रक्षा के लिए ………………….. दिया था।
उत्तर:
मांस

प्रश्न 5.
सरोवर ………………… नहीं पीता है ?
उत्तर:
जल

प्रश्न 6.
………………….. से बने बज्र से वृत्रासुर मारा गया?
उत्तर:
हड़ी

प्रश्न 7.
सुजान ……………….. लिए संपत्ति का संचय करता है?
उत्तर:
परहित

प्रश्न 8.
‘जहाँ काम आवै सुई…………………’ इस अधूरी पंक्ति के कवि हैं।
उत्तर:
रहीम

प्रश्न 9.
ऋषि दधीचि ने जिसकी मृत्यु का कारण बना वह ………………….. था।
उत्तर:
वृत्रासुर

प्रश्न 10.
………………….. की सहायता करना परोपकार है।
उत्तर:
दूसरों

D. ठिक् या भूल लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
ऋषि दधीचि ने दान में हड्डी दिया था।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 2.
काश्यप परोपकारी ऋषि थे।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 3.
सुजान संपत्ति की बचत अपने लिए करते हैं।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 4.
राजा शिवि ने अपरिचित बाज पक्षी को दान में अपने शरीर का मांस दिया था
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 5.
परोपकार करते समय शत्रुता जरुरी नहीं है?
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 6.
दधीचि की हड्डियों से बज्र बना।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 7.
बड़ो की अवहेलना नहीं करना चाहिए।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 8.
पेड़ अपना फल दूसरों के लिए छोड़ देता है।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 9.
परोपकार करते समय अपना पराया बिचार करना चाहिए।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 10.
सरवर का अर्थ है नदी।
उत्तर:
भूल

Multiple Choice Questions (mcqs) with Answers

सही उत्तर चुनिए : (MCQs)

1. बड़े को देखकर किसे नहीं डाल देना चाहिए?
(A) गुरु को
(B) मँझले को
(C) लघु को
(D) शिष्य को
उत्तर:
(C) लघु को

2. रहीम के अनुसार दूसरों की भलाई के लिए सज्जन क्या करता है?
(A) फल नहीं खाता है
(B) पानी नहीं पीता है
(C) संपत्ति संचय करता है
(D) मांस देता है
उत्तर:
(C) संपत्ति संचय करता है।

3. सज्जन संपत्ति का संचय क्यों करते हैं?
(A) भविष्यत् के लिए
(B) सुख-शांति के लिए
(C) दान-पुण्य के लिए
(D) परोपकार के लिए
उत्तर:
(D) परोपकार के लिए

4. परोपकार के लिए किसने मांस का दान दिया था?
(A) दधीचि ने
(B) पुरोचन ने
(C) शिवि ने
(D) राजा अजं ने
उत्तर:
(C) शिवि ने

5. इनमें से कौन भूप हैं?
(A) दधीचि
(B) शिवि
(C) वसिष्ठ
(D) बलराम
उत्तर:
(B) शिवि

6. ऋषि दधीचि ने दान में दिया था।
(A) हड्डी
(B) पसली
(C) हाथ
(D) अस्त्र
उत्तर:
(A) हड्डी

7. बड़े को पाकर लघु को ।
(A) देखना चाहिए
(B) छोड़ना चाहिए
(C) नहीं यानना चाहिए
(D) त्यागना चाहिए
उत्तर:
(C) नहीं यानना चाहिए

8. परोपकार करते समय क्या नहीं विचार करना चाहिए।
(A) दोस्त है या नहीं
(B) धनी है या गरीब
(C) पंडित है या मूर्ख
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) दोस्त है या नहीं

9. राजा शिवि ने अपरिचित बाज पक्षी को दान में दिया था।
(A) अपने शरीर का मांस
(B) अपने शरीर का खून
(C) अपने शरीर का अंश
(D) अपने शरीर की हहीड
उत्तर:
(A) अपने शरीर का मांस

10. परोपकारी ऋषि थे।
(A) वशिष्ट
(B) दधीचि
(C) बाल्मीकि
(D) काश्यप
उत्तर:
(B) दधीचि

11. वृत्रासुर जिस अस्त्र से मारा गया, उस अस्त्र का नाम था।
(A) ब्रह्म
(B) नाग
(C) बज्र
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) बज्र

12. किससे बने बज्र से वृत्रासुर मारा गया?
(A) लोहे
(B) पितल
(C) ताँबा
(D) हड्डी
उत्तर:
(D) हड्डी

13. ‘जहाँ काम आवै सुई…………….’ इस अधूरी पंक्ति के कवि हैं।
(A) कबीर
(B) तुलसी
(C) सूर
(D) रहीम
उत्तर:
(D) रहीम

14. किसकी अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए?
(A) बड़ों की
(B) छोटों की
(C) परायों की
(D) दूध की
उत्तर:
(B) छोटों की

15. तरूवर खाता नहीं।
(A) पानी
(B) डाली
(C) फल
(D) जल
उत्तर:
(C) फल

16. सरोवर जो पीता नहीं है, वह है।
(A) जल
(B) दूध
(C) शरवत
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) जल

17. सुजान संपत्ति की बचत करते हैं।
(A) अपने लिए
(B) घरवालों के लिए
(C) परोपकार के लिए
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) परोपकार के लिए

18. ‘कवि रहीम पर काज हित……………….’ इस अधूरी पंक्ति के रचयिता हैं।
(A) रहीम
(B) कबीर
(C) वृन्द
(D) तुलसी
उत्तर:
(A) रहीम

19. कवि रहीम के अनुसार समाज में जिन दोनों का महत्व है वे हैं।
(A) बड़े-छोटे
(B) छोटे-मोटे
(C) चाचा-भतीजा
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) बड़े-छोटे

20. परोपकार को कवि रहीम ने कैसा कार्य कहा है?
(A) बुरा
(B) गंदा
(C) खराब
(D) महान
उत्तर:
(D) महान

21. तलवार और सुई में से बड़ी है।
(A) सुई
(B) तलवार
(C) राक्षस
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(B) तलवार

22. वृत्रासुर था।
(A) मानव
(B) देवता
(C) दोनों
(D) पशु
उत्तर:
(C) दोनों

23. राजा शिवि ने बाज की रक्षा के लिए दिया था।
(A) पैसा
(B) प्रसाद
(C) मांस
(D) खाना
उत्तर:
(C) मांस

दोहे  (ଦେ।ହେ )

(i) तरुवर फल नहीं खात है, सरवर पिय हिं न पान।
कहि रहीम पर काज हित संपति संचहि सुजान॥
ତରୁୱର୍ ଫଲ୍‌ ନହୀ ଖାତ୍ ହୈ, ସରୱର୍ ପ୍ରିୟ ହିଁ ନ ପାନ୍।
କହି ରହୀମ୍ ପର୍ କାଜ୍ ହିତ ସଂପତି ସଂଚହି ସୁଜାନ୍ ॥

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
कवि रहीम कहते हैं कि पेड़ कभी अपना फल नहीं खाता। तालाब कभी अपना पानी नहीं पीता है। ये दोनों दूसरों के हित के लिए फल और पानी की बचत करते हैं। फल खाने से दूसरों भूख मिटती है। उसे आनन्द मिलता है। पानी पीने से प्यास मिटती है। सन्तोष होता है। ज्ञानी लोग की परोपकार एक महान कार्य है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଗଛ ନିଜ ଫଳ କେବେ ଖାଏ ନାହିଁ। ପୋଖରୀ କେବେ ତା’ ପାଣି ପିଏ ନାହିଁ। କାରଣ ଏ ଦୁହେଁ ପରର ଉପକାର କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି। ଫଳ ଖାଇବାଦ୍ଵାରା ଅନ୍ୟର ଭୋକ ମେଣ୍ଟେ, ପାଣି ପିଇବାଦ୍ଵାରା ଅନ୍ୟର ଶୋଷ ମେଣ୍ଟେ। ସନ୍ତୋଷ ମିଳିଥାଏ। ଜ୍ଞାନୀ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ସୁଚିନ୍ତକ। ଏଣୁ ସେ ଅନ୍ୟର ଉପକାର ପାଇଁ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି। ଏହାଦ୍ଵାରା ପରର ଉପକାର ହୋଇଥାଏ। କାରଣ ପରୋପକାର ହେଉଛି ଏକ ମହତ୍ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ।

(ii) रहिमन देखि बड़ेन को लघु न दीजिए डारि।
जहाँ काम आबै सुई कहा करै तलवारि॥
ରହିମନ୍ ଦେଖ୍ ବଡ଼େନ କୋ ଳଘୁ ନ ଦୀଜିଏ ଡାରି।
ଜହାଁ କାମ୍ ଆବୈ ସୁଈ କହା କରି ତଲୱାରି॥

हिन्दी व्याख्या: बड़ी वस्तु को देखकर छोटी वस्तु की अवहेलना नहीं करनी चाहिए। कवि ने उदाहरण देकर कहा है कि जहाँ सुई का काम होता है वहाँ तलवार क्या कर सकती है? इसलिए कवि रहीम कहते हैं कि प्रत्येक वस्तु का अपने अपने स्थान पर महत्व होता है।

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
କବି ରହିମ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଅନୁସାରେ ବଡ଼ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ସଙ୍ଗେ ମିତ୍ରତା କର; କିନ୍ତୁ ଛୋଟମାନଙ୍କୁ କେବେ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦିଅ ନାହିଁ। ଏହି ସମାଜରେ ଉଭୟଙ୍କର ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ମହତ୍ତ୍ଵ ଅଛି। କବି ରହିମ୍ ଗୋଟିଏ ଉଦାହରଣ ଦେଇ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଯେଉଁଠି ଛୁଞ୍ଚିର କାମ ଅଛି ସେଠି ଖଣ୍ଡାଦ୍ଵାରା କୌଣସି କାମ ହୋଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ। ଛୁଞ୍ଚ ଓ ଖଣ୍ଡା ଉଭୟଙ୍କର କାମ ଅଲଗା। ଏଣୁ ଉଭୟଙ୍କୁ ଆଦର କରିବା ଦରକାର।

(iii) रहिमन पर उपकार के करत न यारी बीच।
मांस दिये शिवि भूप ने, दिन्हीं हाड़ दधीचि॥
ରହୀମନ୍ ପର୍ ଉପକାର୍ କେ କରତ୍ ନ ୟାରୀ ବୀଚ୍।
ମାଂସ ଦିୟେ ଶିୱି ଭୂପ ନେ, ଦିନ୍ଦୀ ହାଡ଼ ଦଧୀଚି ॥

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
कवि रहीम कहते हैं कि केवल जहाँ दोस्ती या मित्रता हो वहाँ उपकार नहीं किया जाता। परोपकार तो किसीके साथ भी किया जा सकता है। हम कहीं भी किसी भी स्थान पर दूसरों की मदद कर सकते हैं। जैसे, राजा शिवि ने अपना मांस अपरिचित बाज पक्षी को दे दिया। ऋषि दधीचि ने देवताओं की मदद के लिए अपनी हड्डियाँ दे दी; उस हड्डी से बज्र बना और देवताओं का शत्रु वृत्रासुर मारा गया। दोनों उदाहरणों से ( राजा शिवि और ऋषि दधीचि) किसी लाभ की आशा न थी, केवल परोपकार की भावना थी।

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
କବି ରହିମ୍ କହୁଛନ୍ତି ଯେଉଁଠି ମିତ୍ରତା ଅଛି ସେଠି ଉପକାର କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ। ପରୋପକାର ଯେକୌଣସି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ସହିତ କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ। ଆମେ ଯେକୌଣସି ସମୟରେ ଯେକୌଣସି ଜାଗାରେ ଅନ୍ୟର ଉପକାର କରିପାରିବା। ଯେପରି ଶିବି ରାଜା ଗୋଟିଏ ଅପରିଚିତ ବାଜପକ୍ଷୀକୁ ନିଜର ମାଂସ ଦାନ କରିଦେଲେ। ଦଧୂ ଋଷି ଦେବତାଙ୍କ ମଙ୍ଗଳ ପାଇଁ ନିଜର ଅସ୍ଥି ଦାନ କରିଦେଲେ। ସେହି ଅସ୍ଥିରେ ବଜ୍ର ନାମକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ର ନିର୍ମାଣ କରି ବୃତ୍ରାସୁରକୁ ଦେବତାମାନେ ମାରିଥିଲେ। ଏଥିରେ ଦଧୂଙ୍କର କୌଣସି ସ୍ବାର୍ଥ ନଥିଲାବେଳେ ପରୋପକାରର ଭାବନା ନିହିତ ଥିଲା।

शिवि (ଶିତି)

पुराने जमाने में शिवि नामक एक राजा थे। वे बड़े रोपकारी थे। एकबार बाज पक्षी से डरकर एक कबूतर उनकी शरण में आई। राजा ने उसे शरण दे दी। उसको खाने वाला भूखा बाज उसके पीछे-पीछे आकर अपने आहार के लिए राजा से कबूतर माँगा। उसके बदले राजा शिवि ने उसे अच्छे खाद्य देने को कहा। पर बाज राजी नहीं हुआ। उसने राजा से कबूतर के बराबर मांस माँगा। अन्त में राजा ने कबूतर की जान बचाने के लिए अपने शरीर से मांस काट कर भूखे बाज को दे दिया था। आखिरकार वे तराजू पर बैठ गए। अपना पूरा बलिदान कर दिया।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଶିବି ଜଣେ ପରୋପକାରୀ ରାଜା ଥିଲେ। ଥରେ ଗୋଟିଏ କପୋତ ବାଜପକ୍ଷୀ କବଳରୁ ନିଜକୁ ବଞ୍ଚାଇବାପାଇଁ ଆସି ତାଙ୍କର ଶରଣାପନ୍ନ ହେଲା। ରାଜା ତାକୁ ଶରଣ ଦେଲେ। ବାଜପକ୍ଷୀ ତା’ର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ କପୋତଟିକୁ ଛାଡ଼ିବାକୁ କହିଲା। କିନ୍ତୁ ରାଜା ଏଥୁରେ ଅମଙ୍ଗ ହେଲେ ଓ ତା’ର ପ୍ରତିବଦଳରେ ନିଜ ମାଂସକୁ ବାଜପକ୍ଷୀକୁ ଖାଇବାପାଇଁ ଦାନ କରିଦେଲେ।

दधीचि (ବଧଟି)

दधीचि एक परोपकारी ऋषि थे। वे सरस्वती नदी के किनारे रहते थे। वृत्रासुर नामक एक बड़ा पराक्रमी राक्षस था। उससे मनुष्य क्या देवतागण भी डरते थे। उसके आतंक से स्वर्ग में हाहाकार मच गया। उनसे रक्षा पाने के लिए देवगण भगवान विष्णु के पास पहुँचे। भगवान विष्णु ने सलाह दी कि ऋषि दधीचि की अस्थियों से बज्र बनाया जायेगा। उसी बज्र से ही वृत्रासुर मारा जायेगा। भगवान विष्णु से परामर्श लेकर देवगण ऋषि दधीचि के आश्रम पहुँचे। ऋषि दधीचि ने देवगण का याथाचित आदर सत्कार किया। उनके शुभागमन का कारण पूछा। उनसे सारी बातें सुनकर ऋषि दधीचि ध्यान मुद्रा में बैठ गये। उनकी आत्मा परमात्मा में विलीन हो गयी। उनकी अस्थियों से बज्र बनाया गया। उस बज्र से वृत्रासुर मारा गया। परोपकारी ऋषि दधीचि ने देवताओं की भलाई के लिए अपनी हड्डियाँ दे दी थीं।

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଦଧୂ ଜଣେ ପରୋପକାରୀ ଋଷି ଥିଲେ। ସେ ସରସ୍ୱତୀ ନଦୀକୂଳରେ ରହୁଥିଲେ। ବୃତ୍ରାସୁର ହିଁ ଥରହର ହେଲା। ତା’ ଆତଙ୍କରୁ ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇବାପାଇଁ ଦେବତାମାନେ ବିଷ୍ଣୁଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଗଲେ। ଭଗବାନ୍ ବିଷ୍ଣୁ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦେଲେ ଯେ ଋଷି ଦଧୂଙ୍କ ଅସ୍ଥିରୁ ବଜ୍ର ନାମକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ର ନିର୍ମାଣ କର। ସେଥ୍ରେ ହିଁ ବୃତ୍ରାସୁରର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହେବ। ବିଷ୍ଣୁଙ୍କ ପାଖରୁ ଦେବତାମାନେ ଯାଇ ଋଷି ଦଧୂଙ୍କ ଆଶ୍ରମରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ। ଋଷି ଦେବତାମାନଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ଵାଗତ କରିବା ସହ ଆସିବାର କାରଣ ପଚାରିଲେ। ସବୁକଥା ଶୁଣିସାରି ସେ ଧ୍ୟାନମୁଦ୍ରାରେ ବସିଗଲେ। ତାଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମା ପରମାତ୍ମାରେ ଲୀନ ହୋଇଗଲା। ତାଙ୍କ

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

तरुवर – पेड़ (ଗଛ )।

सरवर – तालाब (ପୋଖରୀ)।

पान – पानी (ପାଣି)।

पर – दूसरा/अन्य (ପର/ଅନ୍ୟ)।

संचहि – एकत्रित करना (ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରିବା)

देखि – देखकर (ଦେଖିକରି)

लघु – छोटा (ଛୋଟ)।

आवै – आए (ଆସେ)।

कहा – कहाँ (ଙ୍କେଉଁଠି)।

यारी – दोस्ती (ମିତ୍ରତା)।

दिये – दिया (ଦେଲେ)।

भूप – राजा (ରାଜା)।

दधीचि – दधीचि ऋषि (ରକ୍ଷିକତି)।

खात – खाता (ଖାଏ)।

पिय – पीना (ପିଚ୍ଚବା )।

कहि – कहता

काज – काम (बाभ)।

सुजान – उत्तम लोग (କଢିବା )।

बड़ेन – बड़ा (ବଢ଼)।

डारि – डारना (ଛଡ଼ିତା)।

सुई – ईछ। (ଛଞ୍ଚି)।

तलवारि – तलवार (ଖଶ)।

बीच – मध्य (ମଧ୍ୟ)।

शिवि – राजा शिवि (ଣିଚି ରାଜା)।

दिन्ही – दिया (ଦେଲେ)।

कवि परिचय

रहीम का पूरानाम अब्दुर्रहीम खानखाना है। उनका जन्म सन् 1556 में हुआ था। वे अकबर के अभिभावक बैरम खाँ के पुत्र थे। शाही महल में उनका बचपन बीता। बाद में उन्हें गुजरात की सूबेदारी मिलीं। रहीम अरबी, फारसी, तुर्की, संस्कृत और हिन्दी के अच्छे जानकार थे। वे हिन्दू संस्कृति और भक्ति-भावना से प्रभावित थे। उन्होंने दरबार का शाही ठाट देखा। वे बड़े पद पर काम करते थे। लेकिन उनमें गर्व का नाम न था। आम जनता के जीवन को देखा था।

रहीम एक सहृदय, स्माभिमानी, वीर और दानी व्यक्ति थे। साधारण मानव के प्रति उनके मन में बड़ा प्रेम था। उनके दोहों में अनुभूति की गहराई मिलती है। भक्ति, नीति, वैराग्य, शृंगार जैसी बातें उनकी रचनाओं में पायी जाती हैं। रहीम काव्य के कई संग्रह प्रकाशित हो चुके हैं। इनमें रत्नावली, रहीम विलास प्रामाणिक हैं।

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(i) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(i)

Differentiate.
Question 1.
√x w.r.t x².
Solution:

Question 2.
sin x. w.r.t. cot x.
Solution:
Let y = sin x and z = cot x

Question 3.
\(\frac{1-\cos x}{1+\cos x}\) w.r.t \(\frac{1-\sin x}{1+\sin x}\)
Solution:

Question 4.
tan-1 x w.r.t. tan^-1 \( \sqrt{1+x^2} \)
Solution:

Question 5.
sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\right)\) w.r.t cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}\right)\)
Solution:
Let y = sin^-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\) and z = cos^-1 \(\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}\)
Then y = 2 tan^-1 x and z = 2 tan^-1 x
So y = z
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d z}\) = 1.

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 6th Class English Solutions Test-2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 6 English Solutions Test-2

BSE Odisha 6th Class English Test-2 Text Book Questions and Answers

1. Your teacher will dictate twelve words. Listen to him/her and write.

Answer:

Elephant	Trainer	School
Circus	Tamilnadu	Susarcane
Cinema	Kaveri	Praise
Banana	Mountain	Punishment

2. Given below are some words. Your teacher will read aloud seven of them. Tick those s/he reads aloud.

soldier, detective, village, deaf, temper, language, script, chase, curse, hate, mountain, valley, banana, merchant
[Listen to your teacher carefully and tick those words as he reads aloud.]

3. Your teacher will read aloud a paragraph. Listen to him/her and fill in the gaps. (Question with Answer)

”Tamilnadu is a beautiful state. It has beautiful mountain ranges and there are many rivers. Some of these rivers flow through the valleys. This makes all the places all the more beautiful.

4. Write the following names of persons in English.
(Teacher will provide names of six persons in Odia.)

ଅବଦୁଲ କାଲାସ
ରାସା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମୀବାଇ |
ସ୍|ମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ
ଯଯାତି କେଶରୀ
କ୍ରିପାସିନ୍ଧୁ ଦାସ
ବାଜି ରାଉତ

Answer:
Abdul Kalairi
Rani Laxmibai
Swami Vevekananda
Jajati Keshari
Krupasindhu Dash
Baji Rout

5. Write the following names of places in English.
(Teacher will provide names of six places in Odia.)

ବଦ୍ରିନାଥ |
ଜାମ୍ମୁ କାଶ୍ମୀର
ମିଜୋରାମ |
ଆଗ୍ରା
ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ
କନ୍ୟାକୁମାରୀ

Answer:
Badrinath
Jammu-Kashmir
Mizoram
Agra
Delhi
Kanvakumari

6. Match the words which sound alike at the end. (Question with Answer)

Answer:

7. Read the poem and answer the questions in complete sentences.

I’d like to be a driver
Of an express diesel train
Or be a light-house keeper
Where do I want it and when?
For the more one lives
The more one learns.
I think I’ll be all these things
And go on taking turns.

Question (a).
What does the poet/child want to be?
Answer:
The poet/child wants to be a driver.

Question (b).
What does he want to drive?
Answer:
He wants to drive an express diesel train.

Question (c).
What does a light-house keeper do?
Answer:
A light-house keeper wants to watch any place and any time he wishes.

Question (d).
Does the child/poet want to take up one or more jobs?
Answer:
No, the child/poet does not want to take up one job, rather he wants to take up more jobs one after another.

Question (e).
How can one learn more?
Answer:
One can learn more by living more time in life.

Question (f).
What do you want to be? Why?
Answer:
I want to be a train driver. Because I can help many people to travel and carry their things to distant places.

8. Read the paragraph and answer the questions in complete sentences.
Once there lived a poor man in a village. He had a rich classmate. He lived in a town. They did not meet for a long time. In the meantime, the rich friend had problems with his ear and became deaf. This was not known to his friend in the village. The rich friend came to know that his friend was seriously ill. So he decided to visit him.

Question (a).
Where did the poor friend live?
Answer:
The poor friend lived in a village.

Question (b).
Where did the rich friend live?
Answer:
The rich friend lived in a town.

Question (c).
Who became deaf?
Answer:
The rich friend became deaf.

Question (d).
Did the poor friend know this?
Answer:
No, the poor friend did not know this.

Question (e).
What did the rich friend come to know?
Answer:
The rich friend came to know that his friend was seriously ill.

Question (f).
What did he decide to do?
Answer:
He decided to visit him.

9. Read the following poem and answer the questions in complete sentences.
Run in the raindrops
Run beneath the trees.
Run little races
With each little breeze.
Run down the hillside.
Run up the lane.
Run through the meadow
Then run back again.

Question (a).
What is the poem about?
Answer:
The poem is about the run.

Question (b).
How many stanzas are there in this poem?
Answer:
There are four stanzas in this poem.

Question (c).
Where does the poet/child want to run in the first stanza?
Answer:
In the first stanza, the poet/child wants to run in the raindrops beneath the trees.

Question (d).
Where does the poet/child want to run in the second stanza?
Answer:
In the second stanza, the poet/child wants to run little races with each little breeze.

Question (e).
How many times ‘run’ is used in this poem?
Answer:
‘Run’ is used seven times in this poem.

Question (f).
Who does the poet run races with?
Answer:
The poet runs races with each little breeze.

10. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions in complete sentences.
Three bears lived in a house near a wood. There was Papa Bear, a great huge bear. There was Mama Bear, a middle-sized bear. And there was Baby Bear, a small bear. One day they went out for a short walk in the wood. Mama Bear had cooked porridge for breakfast. She left the porridge to cool.

Question (a).
Where did the bears live?
Answer:
The bears lived in a house.

Question (b).
Where was their house?
Answer:
Their house was near a wood.

Question (c).
How many bears were there?
Answer:
There were three bears.

Question (d).
Who was a middle-sized bear?
Answer:
Mama Bear was a middle-sized bear.

Question (e).
Who was the biggest of all?
Answer:
Papa Bear was the biggest of all.

Question (f).
Who was the smallest of all?
Answer:
Baby Bear was the smallest of all.

Question (g).
Where did they go one day?
Answer:
One day they went to the wood.

Question (h).
Why did they go out to the wood?
Answer:
They went out to the wood for a short walk in the wood.

Question (i).
What did Mama Bear, a cook?
Answer:
Mama Bear cooked porridge.

Question (j).
Why did she leave the porridge at home?
Answer:
She left the porridge at home to cool for breakfast.

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 6th Class English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 8 The Story of Language Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 6 English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 8 The Story of Language

BSE Odisha 6th Class English Follow-Up Lesson 8 The Story of Language Text Book Questions and Answers

Session – 1

I. Pre-Reading

□ Socialisation :
□ Teacher to think of a pre-reading activity.
You can link this with the main lesson: Why did Raghunath develop a script for the Santali language? Read this lesson Or you can ask the students to see the different scripts in the pages that follow and ask, ‘Can you say why scripts are necessary ?’
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରାକ୍-ପଠନ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଭାବିବେ । ତୁମେ ଏହାକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ ସହ ସଂଯୋଗ କରିପାରିବ : ରଘୁନାଥ ସାନ୍ତାଳୀ ଭାଷା ପାଇଁ କାହିଁକି ଏକ ଲିପି ବିକଶିତ କଲେ । ଏହି ପାଠଟି ପଢ଼ ….. କିମ୍ବା, ତୁମେ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ପର ପୃଷ୍ଠାରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଲିପି/ଅକ୍ଷରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ କହିପାରିବ ଏବଂ ପଚାରିବ, ‘ତୁମେ କହିପାରିବ କି କାହିଁକି ଲିପିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦରକାରୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି ?’’)

II. While-Reading

Text

SGP-1
Read paragraphs 1-2 silently and answer the questions that follow.
(ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ୧ – ୨ କୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
1. To start with, human beings had no language. How did they talk to each other? How did they say what they wanted to say? They did this through action and gesture. Even today we also use an action to say something. When your teacher puts his / her finger on his / her lips what does she/he say? She/he says, “Don’t make a noise. Be silent.”
2. Much later language came. Human beings used language to say what they wanted to say. But they did not know how to write. For many many years, they only spoke but could not write. To start with they drew pictures to write. If someone wanted to say ‘tree’, s/he drew a picture of a tree. But one cannot draw pictures of all that s/he wanted to say. Thus, there was a need to develop a writing system-letters, for, and scripts. Most of the scripts are developed from pictures. Pictures slowly developed into symbols. Symbols looked different from the pictures from which they came. Take, for example, the Chinese letter (symbol) which developed from the picture of a tree.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
୧. ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ମାନବର କିଛି ଭାଷା ନଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ କିପରି ପରସ୍ପର ସହିତ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଉଥିଲେ ? ସେମାନେ ଯାହା କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ ତାହା କିପରି କହୁଥିଲେ ? ସେମାନେ ଆଚରଣ ଓ ଭଙ୍ଗୀ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଏହା କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏପରିକି ଆଜି ମଧ୍ୟ କେତେକ କଥା କହିବାକୁ ଆମେ ଆଚରଣକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଛୁ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ତୁମର ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତାଙ୍କର (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳିକୁ ତାଙ୍କ (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) ଓଠ ଉପରେ ରଖନ୍ତି, ସେ (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) କ’ଣ କହନ୍ତି ? ସେ (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) କହନ୍ତି, ‘‘ଗୋଳମାଳ୍ କରନାହିଁ । ନୀରବ ରୁହ ।’’
୨. ଭାଷା ବହୁତ ପରେ ଆସିଲା । ମାନବମାନେ ଭାଷା ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ କହିବାକୁ ଯାହା ସେମାନେ କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ କିପରି ଲେଖିବାକୁ ହେବ ସେମାନେ ଜାଣି ନଥିଲେ । ଅନେକ ଅନେକ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ସେମାନେ କେବଳ କଥା କହିଲେ କିନ୍ତୁ ଲେଖିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ସେମାନେ କିଛି ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଚିତ୍ର ଅଙ୍କନ କଲେ । ଯଦି କେହି ‘ଗଛ’ କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲା, ସେ (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) ଗୋଟିଏ ଗଛର ଚିତ୍ର ଅଙ୍କନ କରୁଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଜଣେ ଯାହାସବୁ କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥ‌ିବ, ସେ (ପୁ/ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ) ସେସବୁର ଚିତ୍ର ଅଙ୍କନ କରିପାରିବ ନାହିଁ । ଏହିପରିଭାବରେ ଲେଖୁବା ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା – ଅକ୍ଷର ଓ ଲିପିର ବିକାଶ କରିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହେଲା । ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲିପି ଚିତ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ବିକଶିତ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ଚିତ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଧୀରେ-ଧୀରେ ସଙ୍କେତ ବା ଚିହ୍ନକୁ ବିକଶିତ ହେଲେ । ସଙ୍କେତ ବା ଚିହ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଆସିଥ୍‌ ଚିତ୍ରଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଦେଖାଗଲା । ଗୋଟିଏ ଗଛର ଛବିରୁ ବିକଶିତ ଚୀନା ଭାଷାର ଅକ୍ଷର/ଲିପିକୁ ଉଦାହରଣରୂପେ ନିଆଯାଇପାରେ ।

Comprehension Questions

Question 1.
What is the lesson about?
(ଗପଟି କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ଲେଖାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
The lesson is about the story of language.

Question 2.
Did human beings have the language from the beginning?
(ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ମାନବମାନଙ୍କର ଭାଷା ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
No, human beings had no language from the beginning.

Question 3.
If not, how did they say what they wanted to say?
(ଯଦି ନୁହେଁ, ସେମାନେ ଯାହା କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ କିପରି କହୁଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
What they wanted to say, they did this through action and gesture.

Question 4.
(Frame a question for ‘gesture’/body language)
(ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ତିଆରି କର ଗୋଟିଏ ‘ଭାବଭଙ୍ଗୀ’’ ବା ଶାରୀରିକ ଭାଷା ପାଇଁ)
Answer:
What does the teacher do to say, “Don’t make a noise. Be silent.” ?

Question 5.
Did scripts come with writing or much later?
(ଲିପିସବୁ ଲେଖିବା ସହିତ ଆସିଲେ କିମ୍ବା ବହୁତ ପରେ ?)
Answer:
No, scripts did not come with writing at the same time. Really they came much later than writing.

Question 6.
From what did scripts develop?
(କେଉଁଥୁରୁ ଲିପିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Scripts developed from pictures.

SGP-2
• Read paragraphs 3-4 silently and answer the questions of your teacher.
(ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ୩ – ୪ କୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
3. At first they used the first picture for a tree. After many years this changed to picture 2. And at present, they use the third one. The first picture looked like a tree. But the third one has greatly moved away from the tree. In this way, most of the writing system developed.
4. At present the world has about 7000 languages. About four thousand -of them do not have writing systems or scripts. Most of the tribal languages in India do not have scripts of their own.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
୩. ସର୍ବପ୍ରଥମେ, ସେମାନେ ଗଛର ପ୍ରଥମ ଛବିକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ । ଅନେକ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ, ଏହା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଲା ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ ଛବିକୁ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ, ସେମାନେ ତୃତୀୟ ଛବିଟିକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଛନ୍ତି । ପ୍ରଥମ ଛବିଟି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା ଗୋଟିଏ ଗଛ ସଦୃଶ । କିନ୍ତୁ ତୃତୀୟ ଛବିଟି ଗଛଠାରୁ ବହୁ ପରିମାଣରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ଥିଲା । ଏହିପରି ଭାବରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।
୪. ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୭୦୦୦ ଭାଷା ଅଛି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ପ୍ରାୟ ୪୦୦୦ ଭାଷାର ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବା ଲିପି (ଅକ୍ଷର) ନାହିଁ । ଭାରତରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଆଦିବାସୀ ଭାଷାଗୁଡ଼ିକର ନିଜସ୍ଵ ଲିପି (ଅକ୍ଷର) ନାହିଁ ।

Comprehension Questions

The teacher will frame questions in paragraphs three and four.
(ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ (ପାରାଗ୍ରାଫ୍) ୩ ଓ ୪ରୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ତିଆରି କରିବେ ।)

Question 1.
What did they use at first to develop the writing system?
(ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀର ବିକାଶ କରିବାକୁ ସେମାନେ ସର୍ବପ୍ରଥମେ କ’ଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
At first, they used the first picture of a tree to develop the writing system.

Question 2.
How did the first picture look?
(ପ୍ରଥମ ଛବିଟି କିପରି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The first picture looked like a tree.

Question 3.
How did most of the writing system develop?
(କିପରି ଭାବରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବିକାଶଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
At first, they used the first picture of a tree. Then they changed to picture 2. At present they use the third picture. But the third picture has greatly moved away from the tree. Thus, most of the writing systems developed.

Question 4.
How many languages does the world have at present?
(ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ପ୍ରାୟ କେତୋଟି ଭାଷା ଅଛି ?)
Answer:
At present, the world has about 7000 languages.

Question 5.
How many languages do not have their own writing system or script?
(କେତୋଟି ଭାଷାର ନିଜସ୍ଵ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବା ଲିପି ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
About four thousand languages in the world do not have their own writing system or scripts.

Question 6.
Who does not have their own scripts in India?
(କେତୋଟି ଭାଷାର ନିଜସ୍ଵ ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ବା ଲିପି ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
Most of the tribal languages in India do not have their own scripts.

Session – 2

III. Post-Reading

5. Writing

(a) The given boxes are not in order. Number them in order 1, 2 …………. One is done for you.
(ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ବାକ୍ସଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମାନୁସାରେ ନାହାନ୍ତି । ୧, ୨ ……….. କ୍ରମରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଲେଖ । ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

 

Answer:

 

Next, write as suggested:

To begin with, there was ____________. People said what they ___________ through ___________. But there was no ___________. People started to write through _________. Finally, the script developed from __________.
Answer:
To begin with, there was no language. People said what they wanted, to say through gestures. But there was no language. People started to write through a script. Finally, the script was developed from pictures.

Word Note

(The words / phrases have been defined mostly on contextual meanings)
(ଶବ୍ଦ । ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅଧ୍ଵଂଶତଃ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗଗତ ଅର୍ଥ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରି ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରାଯାଇଛି ।)

holidays – ଛୁଟିଦିବ
village – ଗ୍ରାମ
away – ଦୂର
only – କେବଳ
educated – ଶିକ୍ଷିତ
area – ଅଞ୍ଚଳ
nearby – ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ
problems – ସମସ୍ୟାସଗୁ
carefully – ଯତ୍ନର ସହିତ
brought out – ବାହାରକୁ ବାହାର କଲେ
letter – ପତ୍ର ବା ଚିଠି
tightly – ଭାବରେ
tied – ବାନ୍ଧି ଦେଇଥିଲେ
one end of his cloth – ତାଙ୍କ ଲୁଗାର ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ
cousin – ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଭାଇ
found – ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ
was wtitten – ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା |
well – ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
a few – ଅଳ୍ପ କେତୋକୁ
replied – ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ
sadly – ଦୁଃଖର ହୋଇ
sorry – ଦୁଃଖ୍ତତ ହୋଇ
script – ଲିପି ବା ଅକ୍ଷର
own – ନିଜର
surprised – ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ
about – ପ୍ରାୟ
later – ପରେ
invented – ଉଦ୍ଭାବନ
is known – ଜଣାଶୁଣା |
great – ବିରାଟ
writer – ଲେଖକ
plays – ନାଟକ
novels – ଉପନ୍ୟାସ
poems – କବିତା
Santali – ସାନ୍ତାଲୀ
important – ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ
foreign – ବିଦେଶୀ
scholar – ପଣ୍ଡିତ |
awarded – ପୁରସ୍କୃତ
contribution – ଅବଦାନ
language – ଭାଷା
literature – ସାହିତ୍ୟ
named – ନାମକରଣ କରିବାକୁ
after his name – ତାଙ୍କ ନାମାନୁସାରେ
to start with – ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ
each other – ପରସ୍ପର
human beings – ମାନବ | ମଣିଷମାନେ
through – ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ
action – କାର୍ୟ୍ୟ
gesture – ଭାବଭଙ୍ଗୀ
Even today – ଆଜି ସମ
finger – ଆଙ୍ଗୁଠି
lips – ଓଠ
make a noise – ଘମାଘୋଟ ଶବ୍ଦ କରିବା
silent – ନୀରବରେ
how to write – କିପରି ଲେଖିବେ
spoke – କଥା କହିଲେ
draw – ଅଙ୍କନ କଲେ
picture – ଛବି ବା ଚିତ୍ର
tree – ଗଛ
need – ଦରକାର | ପ୍ରୟୋଜନ
develop – ବିକଶିତ କରିବା
thus – ଏହିପରି
writing system – ଲିଖନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ
letters – ଅକ୍ଷରସକ
scripts – ଲିପିଗୁଡ଼ିକ
slowly – ଧୀରେ – ଧୀରେ
symbols – ପ୍ରତୀକ
looked – ଦେଖାଗଲା
different – ଭିନ୍ନ – ଭିନ୍ନ
take for example – ଉଦାହରଣ ନିଅ
Chinese – ଚାଇନିଜ୍
tree – ଗଛ
moved away – ଦୂରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ |

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 7th Class English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 6 The Origin of Words Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 7 English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 6 The Origin of Words

BSE Odisha 7th Class English Follow-Up Lesson 6 The Origin of Words Text Book Questions and Answers

Many words in the English langauge come from the names of people. Sometimes when something new is invented or discovered the name of the inventor or scientist is given to it. ‘Sandwich’ is such a word. You probably know its meaning. A sandwich is made of two slices of buttered bread with a thin spread of meat, or egg, or vegetable, pressed in between. You have perhaps eaten sandwiches. The word ‘sandwich’ comes from the name of an English nobleman. John Montague, fourth Earl of Sandwich, lived in the eighteenth century.

He was fond of playing cards. Often he would play cards for hours and hours. Once he played day and night, for twenty-four hours ! On such occasions he would not go home to eat. His servant would bring him meat and bread. But the Earl of Sandwich did not wish to stop playing even to eat. So, he would put the meat between two slices of bread. Holding this, and eating it. he would go on playing. Soon other people began to do the same thing with meat and bread. The new way of eating was very easy. And they called the new preparation sandwich, after the Earl of Sandwich.

Here is a story about another English word. Gandhiji asked Indians to boycott British goods. He meant that they should not buy British goods. When you boycott something, you refuse to buy or use it. When you boycott someone, you refuse to have any dealings with him, that is, you refuse to work with him or help him in any way.The word boycott was first used in Ireland. It comes from the name of an Irish landlord, Captain Charles C. Boycott. (A ‘landlord’ owns land; ‘tenants’ live on it and do the work). Captain Boycott’s tenants demanded that he should take lower rents from them. When Boycott refused, his tenants decided to teach him a lesson.

They cut off all relations with him. No one would work for him. His servants were forced to leave him. His plants and bushes were tom down. They would not allow the postman to deliver his letters to him. Captain Boycott was now in real difficulty. When the com was ripe in the field, he had to get workers from another part of the country for harvesting it. The government had to send 900 soldiers, to protect these workers from the people. Captain Boycott was indeed in trouble ! So then, we have the word boycott. To boycott someone is to treat him as poor. Captain Boycott was treated so.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ :
ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ ଅନେକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ନାମରୁ ଆସିଥାଏ । ବେଳେବେଳେ ଯଦି କିଛି ନୂତନ ଜିନିଷ ଆବିଷ୍କାର ବା ଉଦ୍ଭାବନ କରାଯାଏ, ତେବେ ଉଦ୍ଭାବକ ବା ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକଙ୍କ ନାମାନୁସାରେ ତାହାର ନାମ ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ । ସେହିଭଳି ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ହେଉଛି ‘ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡବ୍‌’ । ତୁମେ ସମ୍ଭବତଃ ତାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ଜାଣିଛ । ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଚ୍ ଦୁଇ ପରସ୍ତ ଲହୁଣିମରା ରୋଟିର ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗରେ ପତଳା ସ୍ତର ମାଂସ, ଅଣ୍ଡା କିମ୍ବା ପରିବାକୁ ଚାପି କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ।ତୁମେ ବୋଧହୁଏ ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଚ୍ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ରୂପେ କରିଥବ । ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଚ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଟି ଜଣେ ଇଂରେଜ ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ନାମରୁ ଆସିଅଛି । ଜନ୍ ମଣ୍ଟେଗ୍ୟ ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ୍‌ବର ଚତୁର୍ଥ ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଅଷ୍ଟାଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ ବେଳକୁ ବାସ କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ତାସ୍ ଖେଳିବାକୁ ବେଶୀ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲେ । ଏପରିକି ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଘଣ୍ଟା ତାସ୍ ଧରିଥିଲେ । ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ତାସ୍ ଖେଳୁଥିଲେ । ଥରେ ସେ ଦିନରାତି ୨୪ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଖେଳିଲେ ! ସେପରିସ୍ଥଳେ ସେ ଘରକୁ ଖାଇବାକୁ ଯାଇପାରୁ ନଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ଚାକର ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ରୋଟି ଏବଂ ମାଂସ ଖାଇବାକୁ ଆଣି ଦେଉଥିଲେ ।

କିନ୍ତୁ ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଟ୍‌ର ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଏପରିକି ଖାଇବା ନିମିତ୍ତ ଖେଳ ବନ୍ଦ ରଖିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ମାଂସ ଖଣ୍ଡକୁ ଦୁଇପରସ୍ତ ରୋଟି ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗରେ ଚାପି ଦେଉଥିଲେ । ତାହାକୁ ଧରି କ୍ରମାଗତ ଖେଳ ଚାଲୁରଖ୍ ଖାଇ ଚାଲୁଥିଲେ । ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ରୋଟି ଓ ମାଂସକୁ ସେହିଭଳି କରି ଖାଇ ଚାଲିଲେ । ଏହିପରି ନୂତନ ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ତାହାକୁ ଖାଇବାଟା ସହଜ ବୋଧହେଲା । ଏ ନୂତନ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ପ୍ରଣାଳୀକୁ ସେମାନେ ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଟ୍‌ର ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତଙ୍କ ନାମାନୁସାରେ ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡୱିଚ୍ ନାମକରଣ କଲେ । ଏଠାରେ ଆଉ ଗୋଟିଏ କାହାଣୀ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ବିଷୟରେ ରହିଛି । ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ଭାରତୀୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ଇଂରେଜୀ ଜିନିଷ ବର୍ଜନ କରିବାକୁ ଆହ୍ଵାନ ଦେଲେ । ସେ ମନେକରୁଥିଲେ ଯେ ସେମାନେ ଇଂରାଜୀ ତିଆରି ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଖରିଦ କରିବେ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ଯେତେବେଳେ କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷକୁ ବର୍ଜନ କରିବ ଅର୍ଥ ତୁମେ ସେହି ଜିନିଷ କିଣିବ ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା ସେ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ଯେବେ ଜଣକୁ ବାସନ୍ଦ କରିବ, ତୁମେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ କୌଣସି ସମ୍ପର୍କ ରଖିବ ନାହିଁ । ଅର୍ଥାତ ତମେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବ ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା କୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ ନାହିଁ ।

ବୟକଟ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଟି ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆୟର୍ଲାଣ୍ଡରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଥିଲା । ଏହା ଆୟର୍ଲାଣ୍ଡର ଜଣେ ଜମିଦାର କ୍ୟାପଟେନ୍ ଚାର୍ଲସ୍ ସି. ବୟକଟ ନାମରୁ ଆସିଛି । (ଜମିଦାରଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଚୁର ଜମି ଥାଏ । ଭାଗଚାଷୀ ପ୍ରଜାମାନେ ସେଥରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକରି ଜୀବିକା ନିର୍ବାହ କରନ୍ତି ।) କ୍ୟାପ୍‌ଟେନ୍ ବୟକଟ୍‌ଙ୍କର ଭାଗଚାଷୀ ପ୍ରଜାମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ କମ୍ ପରିମାଣର ଭଡ଼ା ବା ଖଜଣା ନେବାକୁ ଦାବି କରୁଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ବୟକଟ୍ ତାହା ମାନ କରିଦେଲେ, ତାଙ୍କର ଭାଗଚାଷୀ ପ୍ରଜାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦେବାକୁ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ସମସ୍ତ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ତୁଟାଇଦେଲେ । କେହି ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କ ଚାକରମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବା ପାଇଁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଗଲା । ତାଙ୍କର ଚାରାଗଛ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବୃକ୍ଷଲତା ଶୁଖୁଲା । ସେମାନେ ଏପରିକି ଡାକବାଲାଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ କୌଣସି ଡାକ ବା ଚିଠିପତ୍ର ଦେବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେଲେ ନାହିଁ ।
ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କ୍ୟାପଟେନ୍ ବୟକଟ୍ ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଅସୁବିଧାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଶସ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତରେ ପାଚିଲା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଶର ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତରରୁ ଶ୍ରମିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଫସଲ ଅମଳ ନିମିତ୍ତ ଆଣିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଲା । ସରକାର ୯୦୦ ସୈନ୍ୟଙ୍କୁ ସେହି ଶ୍ରମିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ଦାଉରୁ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ଦେବାନିମିତ୍ତ ପଠାଇଲେ । ପ୍ରକୃତ ପକ୍ଷେ କ୍ୟାପଟେନ୍ ବୟକଟ୍_ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପଡ଼ିଗଲେ । ତେଣୁ ସେହିଦିନଠାରୁ ଆମେ ବୟକଟ୍ (ବର୍ଜନ) ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ପାଇ ପାରିଛୁ । ଜଣକୁ ବାସନ୍ଦ କରିବା ଅର୍ଥ ତାକୁ ବିଚାର କରିଦେବା । କ୍ୟାପଟେନ୍ ବୟକଟ୍ ସେହିଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଉଥିଲେ ।
(Teacher will do the activities like the main lesson)

Notes And Glossary
(The words /phrases have been defined mostly on their contextual meanings)
boycott (ବଏକଟ୍) – refuse to buy or use something
cut off (କଟ୍ ଅଫ୍) – stopped_to_have any relation (ସମ୍ପର୍କ)
dealings (ଡିଲିଙ୍ଗ୍‌ସ୍) – work, business related activities
demanded (ଡିମାଣ୍ଡେଡ୍) – wanted to have (ଦାବି କଲେ)
discovered (ଡିସ୍‌କଭର୍‌ଡ୍) – found something for the first time (ଆବିଷ୍କାର କଲେ, ଉପାୟ ବାହାର କଲେ)
famous (ଫେମସ୍) – well known (ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ, ଜଣାଣୁଣା)
forester – one type of kangaroo (ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର କଙ୍ଗାରୁ)
harvesting (ହାଭେଣ୍ଟିଙ୍ଗ୍) – reaping or collecting crops (ଅମଳ)
hind legs (ହିଣ୍ଡ ଲେଗ୍‌ସ) – back legs (ପଛ ଗୋଡ଼)
invented (ଇଭେଣ୍ଟେଡ୍) – creating something new ( ଉଦ୍ଭାବନ କଲେ)
inventor (ଇଭେଣ୍ଟର) – someone who invents things.
landed (ଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡେଡ୍) – arrived at a place (ଅବତରଣ କଲେ, ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ)
leaping (ଲିପିଙ୍ଗ୍) – jumping ( ଡେଇଁବା )
marsupials (ମାସୁପିଆଲ୍‌ ) – mammals such as kangaroo- the female has a pouch in which it carries its young (କଙ୍ଗାରୁର ଥଳି ଥ‌ିବା ପରି ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ପ୍ରାଣୀ)
mobs (ମୋବ୍‌ସ୍) – groups (ଦଳ | ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ )
native (ନେଟିଭ୍) – local resident (ଦେଶୀୟ, ଦେଶଜ)
nobleman (ନୋବଲମ୍ୟାନ) – a rich man of upper class ( ଭଦ୍ରଲୋକ, ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି)
of course (ଅଫ୍ କୋର୍ସ) – sure ( ଅବଶ୍ୟ)
occasions (ଅକେଜସ୍ ) – at that time
performer (ପରଫର୍ମର) – one who does the wok
sandwich (ସ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡଚ୍) – a food item- made of two slices of buttered bread with thin spread of meat or egg or vegetable pressed in between
skilful (ସ୍କିଲ୍‌ଫୁଲ୍) – having or showing skill (କୌଶଳପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
tenants (ଟେନାଣ୍ଟସ୍ ) – persons who rents land from a landlord (ପ୍ରଜା, ଯିଏ ଜମିଦାର ଅଧୀନରେ ରହି ଜମି ଚାଷ କରେ)

BSE Odisha 7th Class English Solutions Follow-Up Lesson 6 The Origin of Words Important Questions and Answers

(A) Choose the right answer from the options.

Question 1.
Who discovered Kangaroo ?
(a) James Cook
(b) Columbus
(c) Vasco da Gama
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) James Cook

Question 2.
The word kangaroo in native language means .
(a) I don’t know
(b) an animal of Australia
(c) Woodland animal
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) I don’t know

(B) Re-arrange the jumbled words to make meaningful sentences.

1. gloves / box / to / using / kangaroos / teach / circus / sometimes / trainers.
2. vegetales / eat / mainly / they.
Answer:
1. Circus trainers sometimes teach kangaroos to box, using gloves.
2. They eat mainly vegetables.

(C) Find whether True or False.

1. Captain James cook was a famous twentieth century American.
2. Baby kangaroos are carried by the father in a pocket skirt.
3. The babies, when bom, are each only about two centimetres long !
Answer:
(1) False
(2) False
(3) True

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(a)

Question 1.
Examine the continuity of the following functions at indicated points.
(i) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{cl}
\frac{x^2-a^2}{x-a} & \text { if } x \neq a \\
a & \text { if } x=a
\end{array}\right.\) at x = a
Solution:

(ii) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{aligned}
\frac{\sin 2 x}{x} & \text { if } x \neq 0 \\
2 & \text { if } x=0
\end{aligned}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:

(iii) f(x) = \(\begin{cases}(1+2 x)^{\frac{1}{x}} & \text { if } x \neq 0 \\ e^2 & \text { if } x=0\end{cases}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(iv) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
x \sin \frac{1}{x} \text { if } x \neq 0 \\
0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:

(v) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\frac{x^2-1}{x-1} \text { if } x \neq 1 \\
2
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 1
Solution:

(vi) f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\sin \frac{1}{x} & \text { if } x \neq a \\ 0 & \text { if } x=0\end{cases}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(vii) f(x) = [3x + 11] at x = –\(\frac{11}{3}\)
Solution:

(viii) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\frac{e^{\frac{1}{x}}-1}{e^{\frac{1}{x}}+1} \text { if } x \neq 0 \\
0
\end{array}\right.\) at x= 0
Solution:

(ix) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{x+[x]} \text { if } x<0 \\
-1 \quad \text { if } x \geq 0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:

because [- h]is the greatest integer not exceeding – h
and so [- h ] = – 1
As L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0)
f(x) is cntinuous at x = 0.

(x) f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\frac{|x|}{x} & \text { if } x \neq 0 \\ 0 & \text { if } x=0\end{cases}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(xi) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
2 x+1 \text { if } x \leq 0 \\
x \quad \text { if } 0<x<1 \\
2 x-1 \text { if } x \geq 1
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0, 1
Solution:

(xii) f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{e^{\frac{1}{x}}-1} \text { if } x>0 \\
0
\end{array} \text { if } x \leq 0\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:

(xiii) f(x) = sin\(\frac{\pi[x]}{2}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(xiv) f(x) = \(\frac{g(x)-g(1)}{x-1}\) at x = 1
Solution:
g(x) = |x – 1|
Then g(1) = |1 – 11| = 0
Now f(1) = \(\frac{g(1)-f(1)}{1-1}\) = 0/0
which we cannot determine.
Hence f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.

Question 2.
If a function is continuous at x = a, then find
(i) \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}+\frac{1}{2}\{f(a+h)+f(a-h)\}\)
(ii) \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}+\frac{1}{2}\{f(a+h)-f(a-h)\}\)
Solution:

Question 3.
Find the value ofa such that the function f defined by \(\begin{cases}\frac{\sin a x}{\sin x} & \text { if } x \neq 0 \\ \frac{1}{a} & \text { if } x=0\end{cases}\)
is continuous at x = 0.
Solution:

Question 4.
If f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
a x^2+b \text { if } x<1 \\
1 \quad \text { if } x=1 \\
2 a x-b \text { if } x>1
\end{array}\right.\)
is continuous at x = 1, then find a and b.
Solution:
Let f(x) be continuous at x = 1
Then L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(1)

Question 5.
Show that sin x is continuous for every real x.
Solution:
Let f(x) = sin x
Consider the point x = a, where ‘a’ is any real number.
Then f(a) = sin a

Thus L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(a)
Hence f(x) = sin x is continuous for every real x.
(Proved)

Question 6.
Show that the function f defined by \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
1 \text { if } x \text { is rational } \\
0 \text { if } x \text { is irrational }
\end{array}\right.\) is discontinuous ∀ ≠ 0 ∈ R.
Solution:
Consider any real point x = a
If a is rational then f(a) = 1.
Again lim_x→a+f(x) = lim_h→0f(a + h)
which does not exist because a + h may be rational or irrational
Similarly lim_x→a-f(x) does not exist.
Thus f(x) is discontinuous at any rational point. Similarly we can show that f(x) is discontinuous at any irrational point.
Hence f(x) is discontinuous for all x ∈ R
(Proved)

Question 7.
Show that the function f defined by f(x) = \(f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}
x \text { if } x \text { is rational } \\
-x \text { if } x \text { is irrational }
\end{array}\right.\)
is continuous at x = 0 and discontinuous ∀ x ≠ 0 ∈ R.
Solution:
f(0) = 0
L.H.L. = lim_x→0f(x) = lim_h→0f(-h)
= \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0} \begin{cases}-h & \text { if } h \text { is rational } \\ h & \text { if } h \text { is irrational }\end{cases}\) = 0
Similarly R.H.L. = 0
Thus L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
We can easily show that f(x) is discontinuous at all real points x ≠ 0.

Question 8.
Show that the function f defined by
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
x \text { if } x \text { is rational } \\
0 \text { if } x \text { is irrational }
\end{array}\right.\)
is discontinuous everywhere except at x = 0.
Solution:
f(0) = 0
L.H.L. = lim_h→0f(-h)
= lim_h→0\(\begin{cases}-h & \text { if }-h \text { is rational } \\ 0 & \text { if }-h \text { is irrational }\end{cases}\)
Similarly R.H.L. = 0
Thus L.H.L. = R.H.L = f(0)
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Let a be any real number except 0.
If a is rational then f(a) = a.
L.H.L. = lim_h→0f(a – h) which does not exist because a – h may be rational or may be irrational.
Similarly R.H.L. does not exist.
Thus f(x) is discontinuous at any rational point x – a ≠ 0.
Similarly f(x) is discontinuous at any irrational point.
Hence f(x) is discontinuous everywhere except at x = 0.
(Proved)

Question 9.
Show that f(x) = \(\begin{cases}x \sin \frac{1}{x}, & x \neq 0 \\ 0, & x=0\end{cases}\) is continuous at x = 0.
Solution:
Refer to No. 1(iv) of Exercise – 7(a).

Question 10.
Prove that e^x – 2 = 0 has a solution between 0 and 1. [Hints: Use continuity of e^x– 2 and fact – 2]
Solution:

∴ f(x) is continuous in [0, 1]
f(0). f(1) = (-1) (e – 2) < 0
∴ f(x) has a zero between 0 and 1
i.e. e^x – 2 = 0 has a solution between 0 and 1

Question 11.
So that x⁵ + x +1 = 0 for some value of x between -1 and 0.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x⁵ + x + 1 and any a ∈ (-1, 0)
f(a) = a⁵ + a + 1

= -1 = f(-1)
∴ f is continuous on [-1, 0]
But f(-1) f(0) = 1 × -1 < 0
∴ f has a zero between -1 and 0
⇒ x5 + x + 1 = 0 for some value of x between -1 and 0.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 6 Probability Ex 6(c) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 6 Probability Exercise 6(c)

Question 1.
There are 3 bags B₁, B₂ and B₃ having respectively 4 white, 5 black; 3 white, 5 black and 5 white, 2 black balls. A bag is chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it. Find the probability that the ball is white.
Solution:
Let
E₁ = The selected bag is B₁,
E₂ = The selected bag is B₂,
E₃ = The selected bag is B₃.
A = The ball drawn is white.

Question 2.
There are 25 girls and 15 boys in class XI and 30 boys and 20 girls in class XII. If a student chosen from a class, selected at random, happens to be a boy, find the probability that he has been chosen from class XII.
Solution:
Let
E₁ = The student is choosen from class XI.
E₂ = The student is choosen from class XII.
A = The student is a boy.

Question 3.
Out of the adult population in a village 50% are farmers, 30% do business and 20% are service holders. It is known that 10% of the farmers, 20% of the business holders and 50% of service holders are above poverty line. What is the probability that a member chosen from any one of the adult population, selected at random, is above poverty line?
Solution:
Let
E₁ = The person is a farmer.
E₂ = The person is a businessman.
E₃ = The person is a service holder.
A = The person is above poverty line.

Question 4.
Take the data of question number 3. If a member from any one of the adult population of the village, chosen at random, happens to be above poverty line, then estimate the probability that he is a farmer.
Solution:
P (a farmer / he is above poverty line)
= P (E₁ | A)

Question 5.
From a survey conducted in a cancer hospital it is found that 10% of the patients were alcoholics, 30% chew gutka and 40% have no specific carcinogenic habits. If cancer strikes 80% of the smokers, 70% of alcoholics, 50% of gutka chewers and 10% of the nonspecific, then estimates the probability that a cancer patient chosen from any one of the above types, selected at random,
(i) is a smoker
(ii) is alcoholic
(iii) chews gutka
(iv) has no specific carcinogenic habits.
Solution:
The question should be modified as from a survey conducted in a cancer hospital, 10% patients are smokers, 20% alcoholics, 30% chew gutka and 40% have no specific carcinogenic habits. If cancer strikes 80% of the smokers, 70% of alcoholic, 50% of gutka chewers and 10% of non specific, then estimate the probability that a cancer patient chosen from any one of the following types selected at random
(i) is a smoker
(ii) is alcoholic
(iii) chews gutka
(iv) has no specific carcinogenic habits.
Let
E₁ = The person is a smoker.
E₂ = The person is alcoholic.
E₃ = The person chew Gutka.
E₄ = The person have no specific habits.
A = The person is a cancer patient.
According to the question