Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming
Activity -8
Vocabulary
Choose words from the passage that mean more or less the following:
(The number of the paragraphs in which the words occur are given in brackets)
(i) The quality of being easily hurt. (1)
(it) A generally accepted opinion among a group of people. (1)
(iii) Relating to the earth. (8)
(iv) Happening again and again. (9)
(v) The plants and animals naturally exist in the place. (13)
Answer:
(i) Vulnerability,
(ii) Consensus,
(iii) Terrestrial,
(iv) Recurrent,
(v) Ecosystem
Activity – 9
Comprehension.
On the basis, of our reading of the Text – B mentions whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false.
(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming.
(if) India has difficulty coping with climate change.
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming.
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons.
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago.
(vi) Polar ice- caps will become shorter due to global warming.
Answer:
(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming. (T)
(ii) India has difficulty coping with climate change. (T)
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming. (F)
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons. (T)
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago. (T)
(vi) Polar ice caps will become shorter due to global warming. (T).
Activity -10
Comprehension
Answer the following questions, each in a sentence or two.
Question (i)
What effects of global warming do we experience now?
Answer:
Following global warming we are experiencing high-level temperatures, melting of snow, frequent floods and droughts, and their aftermaths.
Question (ii)
Experts say that in the future the boundaries of plant and animal habitats will shift northwards. Why do they think so?
Answer:
The northern part is comparatively cooler than the southern one which due to increased accumulation of temperature will not result in a level rise that will force the plant and animal habitat to shift northwards.
Question (iii)
Why do experts think that the poor will be more affected by global warming?
Answer:
It is because the rich and well-resourced people will be able to adapt to climate change whereas the poor will suffer the worst because they will have to be thrown out of industrial and agricultural setups.
Question (iv)
How will global warming affect India’s water resources?
Answer:
India will be visited by frequent floods and droughts due to erratic rains which result from global warming. Agriculture and industry will be badly affected by forest fires and tropical cyclones will be a regular feature.
Question (v)
What will be the effect of global winning in the polar regions?
Answer:
Permafrost thawing, reduction of sea ice, coastal erosion melting of ice sheets, global ocean circulation, and sea level rise will adversely affect the polar regions.
Activity – 11
Note -Making
While making notes from text – B, a student missed some words as given below:
Fill in the blanks to complete the note.
1……………………… (title)
A. Introduction:
(a)……………..
(b) IPCC
(c)………………
(d) apprehensions
B. Impact on………. and………… systems
(a) water
(i)…………….
(ii) Rainfall
(b)………….
(c) Ecosystems
(d)…………..
(e) Health Hazards
(f)…………..
C. Regional………………not uniform
(a)…………. and with low…………. capacity.
(b)…………. and…………. with high………….
(c) Southern ………… and ………….
(d)………….. regions.
(e) Islands
D. Conclusions:
(a) Validity……………… ed
(b)…………….. place of ……………..
Answer:
1. Global warming
A. Introduction:
(a) Opinionofthe scientist.
(b) IPCC
(c) Scientific consensus.
(d) apprehensions.
B. Impact on climate and ecosystems
(a) (i) floods and droughts.
(ii) Rainfall.
(b) Glaciers.
(c) Ecosystems.
(d) Economy.
(e) Regional diversity.
C. Regional impact: not uniform.
(a) Asia and Africa with low adaptive capacity.
(b) North America and Europe with high adaptive capacity
(c) Southern Europe and Northern
(d) Arctic regions.
(e) Islands
D. Conclusion:
(a) Validity IPCC Estimated
(b) Apocalypse in place of IPCC WG
Activity – 12
Comparing two Texts
Question (i)
How is Text -1 similar to Text – 2?
Answer:
Both texts are similar in the same way that cause danger to the atmosphere.
Question (ii)
How are they different from each other?
Answer:
They’re almost the same but with a little difference. They differ from each other in the feet in that the first pollute the air, whereas the second causes high temperatures.
Question (iii)
Text – 1 presents the environmental crisis in the second section, where does Text – 2 present such crises?
Answer:
Text two presents such crises in the first section.
Question (iv)
What are the author’s attitudes toward such crises?
Answer:
The author’s attitudes are to arouse awareness amongst people against the danger of pollution and global warming.
Question (v)
Which author is more pessimistic? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The author of the second text is more pessimistic. It is because the author of the first one is hopeful in regard to improvements and his counterpart in the second text warns of a grim future.
Extra Activity – 12(A)
Say what parts of speech the following are in Text – B
| conclusion | interfere |
| global | contaminate |
| temperature | increase |
| natural | erosion |
| adaptability | accelerate |
| consensus | biological |
| predict | infectious |
| indications | expand |
| physical | heat |
| frequency | recurrent |
| survival | diagonal |
| closely | respiratory |
| dependent | insecurity |
| capabilities | malnutrition |
| economic | severe |
| environmental | extreme |
| poorly | commercial |
| considerably | phenomena |
| varied | industrial |
| decrease | catastrophic |
| currents. |
Answer:
| conclusion | noun |
| global | adjective |
| temperature | noun |
| natural | adjective |
| adaptability | noun |
| consensus | noun |
| predict | verb |
| indications | adjective |
| physical | adjective |
| frequency | noun |
| survival | noun |
| closely | adverb |
| dependent | adjective |
| capabilities | noun |
| economic | adjective |
| environmental | adjective |
| poorly | adverb |
| considerably | adverb |
| varied | adjective |
| decrease | verb |
| currents. | verb |
| interfere | verb |
| contaminate | verb |
| increase | verb |
| erosion | noun |
| accelerate | verb |
| biological | adjective |
| infectious | adjective |
| expand | verb |
| heat | adjective |
| recurrent | adjective |
| diarrheal | adjective |
| respiratory | adjective |
| insecurity | noun |
| malnutrition | noun |
| severe | adjective |
| extreme | adjective |
| commercial | adjective |
| phenomena | noun |
| industrial | adjective |
| catastrophic | adjective |
Section – C
You have already read two texts on our environment, both of the written from the scientists, viewpoint. In this section, you are going to read excerpts from an address by a former Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi. Do you think, there is a difference in her approach to the environmental problem?
Impact of Global Warming Summary in English
A large number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise in the range of 1.4 to 5.80°C by 2100 in relation to 1990. Preliminary indications as to global warming show that changes in regional climate and extreme weather have already affected many physical and biological systems. Increased frequency of floods and droughts is another cause of global mean temperature. Shrinkage of glaciers, melting of ice sheets, lengthening of the growing season in mid to high altitudes northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries, early flowering trees, etc. are some examples of the effect of global warming. Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment. Economic sectors like industry, insurance, and financial services are also dependent upon environmental conditions. Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.
Impact On Natural and Human Systems:
The impact of global warming ranges from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems Every aspect of society will be affected. Global warming will bring about major changes in water distribution and water resources. Glaciers will shrink while smaller ones will disappear water stress in lower latitudes will increase. Higher evaporation due to higher temperatures will cause greater demand for water for irrigation purposes. Monsoons will be more intense causing greater flooding.
The change in precipitation will have an impact on local agriculture and vegetation. Freshwater fish will migrate poleward. The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed. It will carve a deep effect on the oceans. A decrease in sea ice cover, changes in water salinity, and alteration of ocean circulation currents can be expected. Flooding and land erosion will increase in the coastal areas. The severity of storms will increase. Human health will be in jeopardy.
Regional Impacts:
Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change will be more rapid in these areas. An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets. Global ocean circulation and sea level rise. Fishery and tourism, are the mainstay of the economics of small island states, and the livelihood of their population will be adversely affected. However, the regional impact will be variable, and so will the capacity of different societies to adopt.
Analytical Outlines
- The IPCC report suggests that global warming is already upon human civilization.
- A large number of scientists have come to a conclusion.
- The global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise.
- It will rise in the range of1 .4 to 5.8°C by 2100 in relation to 1990.
- Preliminary indications of global warming show something.
- Changes in regional climate affect physical and biological systems.
- Changes in extreme weather also affect it.
- Increased frequency of floods and droughts is a cause of global mean temperature.
- The effects of global warming are many.
- One of them is the shrinkage of glaciers.
- Another is the melting of ice sheets.
- Another effect is the lengthening of growing seasons in mid to high altitudes.
- Still, another is a northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries.
- Still another effect of it is the early flowering of trees.
- Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment.
- Economic sectors are also dependent upon environmental conditions.
- These sectors are industry, insurance, and financial services.
- Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.
- The impacts of global warming range from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems.
- Every aspect of society will be affected.
- It will bring about major changes in water distribution.
- It will also bring about maximum changes in water resources.
- Actually, glaciers will shrink.
- The smaller glacier will disappear.
- This will increase water stress in lower latitudes.
- Higher temperature causes higher evaporation.
- It will cause greater demand for water.
- This demand for water is for irrigation purposes.
- Monsoons will be more intense.
- It will cause greater flooding.
- The change in precipitation with impact on local agriculture.
- It will also impact vegetation.
- Freshwater fish will migrate poleward.
- The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed.
- It will carve a deep effect on the oceans.
- We expect from it decreases in sea ice cover.
- We expect changes in water salinity.
- We expect an alternation of ocean circulation currents.
- Flooding will increase in the coastal areas.
- Land erosion will increase in the coastal areas.
- The severity of storms will increase.
- Human health will be in jeopardy.
- Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change.
- It will be more rapid in these areas.
- An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets.
- Rainfall patterns will change to a great extent.
- It will cause greater flooding.
- More rainfall will take place in shorter periods.
- Human health will be endangered in many ways.
- Diseases like malaria and dengue will be common.
- Vector-borne infectious diseases will increase.
- Flood-borne infectious diseases will also increase.
- It will also increase water-borne infectious diseases.
- Socio-economic impacts will be served.
- Extreme weather will lead to human migration.
- Industrial transportation will be hindered by floods.
- Commercial infrastructure will also be hindered.
- The impact of climate change will cause regional problems.
- Fishery and tourism of small island states will be affected.
- It will adversely affect the population.
- The regional impact will be variable.
- So will the capacities of different societies to adopt.
- It will lead to a greater deluge if the right measures are not taken.
Meaning Of Difficult Words
glacier – A slow-moving large mass of ice
atolls – Islands made of corals and shaped like rings with saltwater lakes in the middle.
permafrost thawing – melting of snow on land which is a permanent change in the civilization
apocalyptic – a serious event that brings destruction and change in the civilization.
prediction – something which can make you see the future.
impact – influence, effect engraved upon something.
Assesses – estimates, determine the value of something.
adaptability – the cooperating and adjusting impulse of people.
vulnerability – that which is easily attacked.
consensus – agreement, holding a uniform opinion.
black – dark, grim, uncertain, dangerous.
extreme weather – weather that is either very hot or very cold.
shrinkage of glaciers – glaciers or ice sheets becoming smaller and smaller through the melting of ice owing to increasing temperature.
considerable – to a great extent or degree.
intense – severe, concentrated, harsh.
precipitation – the amount of rainfall in a particular area.
vegetation – plant kingdom on the earth.
migrate poleward – more forward in the direction of the poles.
habitat – a shelter for the animal’s
salinity – salty level in the seawater.
alternation – change, metamorphosis
marine – relating to sea and ships
erosion-corrosion, wiping away of soil
accelerate – quicken, increase, expedite
contaminate – pollute, release dirty things into something respiratory diseases, occurring in the respiratory tract lungs, heart, etc.
aggravate – increase the gravity of something.
thermal expansion – expansion of heat.
mainstay – the pivotal force on which other things rest.
adversely affected – worst affected, greatly suffered.
variable – changeable, changes according to the changing situation.
Emission – gases coming out of something through a process (e.g. smoke gas etc)