Class 10 – Page 3 – BSE Odisha

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 A letter to God

November 13, 2023November 12, 2023 by Prasanna

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 A letter to God Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 2 A letter to God

BSE Odisha 10th Class English A letter to God Text Book Questions and Answers

E. Let’s Understand The Text:

Question 1.
Where did Lencho live?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Lencho lived in a solitary house that sat on the top of a low hill in the valley.

Question 2.
What did he hope for?
(ସେ କ’ଣ ଆଶା କରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
He hoped for a downpour or at least a good shower of rain which was the only thing the earth needed for a good harvest.

Question 3.
What did he say about the raindrops?
(ସେ ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ କହିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Lencho remarked with excitement that the raindrops falling from the sky were new coins. The big drops were ten-cent pieces and the little ones were five-cent pieces.

Question 4.
How did the rain change?
(ବର୍ଷା କିପରି ବଦଳିଗଲା ?)
Answer:
The rain changed into a hailstorm and along with the rain very large hailstones began to fall.

Question 5.
What happened to Lencho’s corn Heads?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋର ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତଗୁଡ଼ିକର କ’ଣ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
As a strong wind began to blow and along with the rain, large hailstones began to fall, Lencho’s corn fields looked white as if it was covered with salt. His corn fields were completely destroyed.

Question 6.
Who did Lencho have faith in?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାହା ଉପରେ ବିଶ୍ବାସ ରଖୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Lencho had deep faith in God.

Question 7.
Who did he write a letter to?
(ସେ କାହା ପାଖକୁ ଚିଠିଟିଏ ଲେଖୁଲା ?)
Answer:
Lencho wrote a letter to God.

Question 8.
Who read the letter?
(ଚିଠିଟିକୁ କିଏ ପଢ଼ିଲା ?)
Answer:
The postman and then the postmaster read the letter.

Question 9.
What did the postmaster do?
(ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
The postmaster thought of writing a letter in order not to shake Lencho’s faith in God. But after opening the letter he knew that Lencho asked for hundred pesos from God. So he collected some money from his employees and several friends and contributed a part of his salary. Then he sent the money in an envelope addressed to Lencho. He was able to send only a little more than half.

Question 10.
Was Lencho surprised to find a letter for him with money in it?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ତା’ ପାଇଁ ଟଙ୍କା ଥ‌ିବା ଚିଠିଟିଏ ଦେଖୁ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହେଲା କି ?)
Answer:
No, Lencho was not surprised to find a letter for him with money in it.

Question 11.
What was Lencho’s reaction after getting the letter?
(ଚିଠିଟି ପାଇବା ପରେ ଲେଞ୍ଜୋର ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
After getting the letter Lencho did not show the slightest surprise upon seeing the money in it. But he became angry while he counted the money because he got seventy pesos only whereas he asked for 100 pesos. He knew it well that neither God could have made a mistake nor could have denied what he had asked for. He began to suspect the integrity of the post office employees. In his next letter, he requested God to send him the rest money not through mail as the post office employees were a bunch of crooks.

F. Let’s Read Between The Lines:

(a)
(i) Why did Lencho keep on looking at the sky throughout the morning?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାହିଁକି ସାରା ସକାଳ ଆକାଶକୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
There was no rain for some days and the earth needed a downpour or at least a shower for a good harvest. So Lencho kept on looking towards the northeast sky and waited for rain throughout the morning and waited for rain.

(ii) Why was the field white after the storm?
(ଝଡ଼ ପରେ କ୍ଷେତ କାହିଁକି ଧଳା ହୋଇଗଲା ?)
Answer:
Due to a hailstorm for an hour, large hailstones fell on the field along with rain. So after the storm, the field was white as if it was covered with salt.

(iii) Why did Lencho say the raindrops were like ‘new coins’?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାହିଁକି ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ନୂଆ ମୁଦ୍ରା ଭଳି ବୋଲି କହିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Just as Lencho predicted big raindrops began to fall from the sky. Seeing it Lencho became extremely happy having a hope of a good harvest. So he. said the raindrops were as valuable as new silver coins.

(iv) Why did Lencho prefer locusts to the storm?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାହିଁକି ଝଡ଼ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ପଙ୍ଗପାଳଙ୍କୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The crops of Lencho were completely destroyed by hailstorms. He thought that his family would go without food that year. He knew that a plague of locusts would have left more than that. The hail had left nothing. So he preferred locusts to the storm.

(v) Did Lencho try to find out who had sent the money to him? Why/Why not?
(କିଏ ତା’ ପାଖକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ପଠାଇଥିଲା ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ଚେଷ୍ଟ କଲା କି ? କାହିଁକି କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
Lencho didn’t try to find out who had sent the money to him. It was because he had firm faith in God and thought that God had listened to his prayer and had sent him the money.

(vi) What would be the reaction of the post office employees when they read the second letter.
Answer:
When the post office employees read the second letter, the postmaster showed his curiosity to read the letter as what Lencho had written.

(b) Read the passage from the text and answer the questions that follow :
(ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟରୁ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଓ ତଳେ ଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)
All through the night _______________________ act of charity.
(Five paragraphs)

(i) Who does Lencho have complete faith in?
(ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାହା ଉପରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ରଖିଛି ? )
Answer:
Lencho has complete faith in God.

(ii) ‘Lencho was an ox of a man’ – What does the line mean?
(‘ଲେ ବଳଦ ଭଳି ମଣିଷଟିଏ ଥିଲା’ – ଏହି ଧାଡ଼ିଟି କ’ଣ ବୁଝାଉଛି ? )
Answer:
The line ‘Lencho was an ox of a man’ means though Lencho was a man, he had to work hard in the field like an ox. The writer uses such a metaphor.

(iii) What was the postmaster like?
(ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର କିଭଳି ଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The postmaster was a fat man and had a friendly and pleasant personality. He was very kind and helpful also. As he was a charitable person he came forward to help Lencho by collecting and contributing money from his salary.

(iv) Why did the postmaster send money to Lencho?
(ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର ଲେଞ୍ଚୋ ପାଖକୁ କାହିଁକି ଟଙ୍କା ପଠାଇଲେ ?)
Answer:
When the postmaster saw the letter addressed to God, he was greatly surprised to think about the writer’s firm faith in God. In order not to shake the writer’s faith in God, he decided to answer the letter. He did not want Lencho to face the unfortunate results of his crop loss. He managed to send him seventy pesos to let him overcome his loss of crops.

(v) What does the expression ‘an act of charity’ mean?
(‘ଏକ ବଦାନ୍ୟତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ’ ଶବ୍ଦପୁଞ୍ଜର ଅର୍ଥ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
The expression ‘an act of charity’ means an act of showing kindness and generosity towards people who are in distress.

G. Let’s Learn Some New Words:

(i) Look at the following sentence from the story.
(ଗଳ୍ପର ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଦେଖ ।)
But suddenly a strong wind began to blow and along with the rain very large hailstones began to fall.

What are hailstones?
(କୁଆପଥର କ’ଣ ?)
‘Hailstones’ are small balls of ice that fall like rain.(‘କୁଆପଥର’ ହେଉଛି ବରଫର ଛୋଟ ବରଫପେଣ୍ଡୁ ଯାହା ବର୍ଷାପରି ପଡ଼େ ।)
What is a hailstorm?
(କୁଆପଥର ଝଡ଼ କ’ଣ ?)
A storm in which hailstones fall is a ‘hailstorm’. We know that a storm is bad weather with strong winds, rain, thunder and lightning. (ଯେଉଁ ଝଡ଼ରେ କୁଆପଥର ପଡ଼େ ତାହା ହେଉଛି ‘କୁଆପଥର ଝଡ଼’ । ଆମେ ଜାଣୁ ଯେ ଝଡ଼ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଖରାପ ପାଗ ଯେଉଁଥରେ ପ୍ରବଳ ପବନ ଓ ବର୍ଷା ସାଙ୍ଗକୁ ଘଡ଼ଘଡ଼ି ଓ ବିଜୁଳି ମାରୁଥାଏ ।)

There are different names in different parts of the world for storms, depending on their nature. (ଝଡ଼ ପାଇଁ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରକୃତି ଅନୁସାରେ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ନାମ ରହିଛି ।). Try to match the names in the box with their descriptions below, and fill in the blanks. (ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ସହ ମେଳ ଖାଉଥ‌ିବା ନାଁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କୋଠରି ଭିତରୁ ବାଛିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କର ଏବଂ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

gale, whirlwind, cyclone, hurricane, tornado, typhoon

1. A violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in a circle: __ __c __ __ __
2. An extremely strong wind: __ a __ __
3. A violent tropical storm with very strong winds: __ __ p __ __ __
4. A violent storm with strong winds, especially in the Western Atlantic Ocean: __ __ r __ __ __ __ __ __
5. A violent storm whose center is a cloud in the shape of a funnel: __ __ __ n __ __ __
6. A very strong wind that moves very fast in a spinning movement and causes a lot of damage: __ __ __ __ l __ __ __ __

Answers:
1. cyclone
2. gale
3. typhoon
4. hurricane
5. tornado
6. whirlwind

ii) Mark how the word ‘hope’ is used in these sentences from the story.
(ଗଳ୍ପର ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ‘hope’ ଶବ୍ଦଟି କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)

(a) I hope it (the hailstorm) passes quickly. (ମୁଁ ଆଶା କରୁଛି ଏହା (କୁଆପଥର) ଶୀଘ୍ର ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରିବ |)
(b) There was a single hope : help from God. (ଏକମାତ୍ର ଆଶା ଥିଲା – ଈଶ୍ବରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ)

In sentence ‘a’, hope is used as a verb which means you wish for something to happen. (ବାକ୍ୟ ‘a’ରେ ‘hope’ ଏକ verb(କ୍ରିୟା)ରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ତୁମେ କିଛି ଘଟିବ ବୋଲି ଆଶା କରୁଛ ।)
In sentence ‘b’ it is a noun meaning a chance for something to happen. (ବାକ୍ୟ ‘b’ରେ ଏହା ଏକ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ଅଟେ ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ କିଛି ଘଟିବାର ଏକ ସମ୍ଭାବନାକୁ ବୁଝାଉଛି ।)

Difference between Noun and Verb
NOUN VERB
(i) a naming word (ନାମବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ) (i) an action word (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ)
(ii) used as a subject or object (କର୍ତ୍ତା ବା କର୍ମରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ) (ii) used as tense (କାଳରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ)
Example:
The book (ବହିଟି) is our best friend. Did you book for Angul ?(ବୁକ୍ କରିଛନ୍ତି କି?)
They drink water (ଜଳ) . They water (ସେମାନେ ଜଳ ଦିଅନ୍ତି |) plants.
I write on a paper (କାଗଜ) . We paper (ଆମେ କାଗଜ କାନ୍ଥ) walls.
This is my little finger (ଆଙ୍ଗୁଠି ). Don’t finger (ଆଙ୍ଗୁଠି କରନ୍ତୁ) the mobile
Where is the bottle (ବୋତଲ) ? Mother bottled the pickle. (ବୋତଲରେ ପୂରାଇ ରଖୁ)

Match the sentences in Column A with the meanings of ‘hope’ in Column B.
(Aସ୍ତମ୍ଭରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ Bସ୍ତମ୍ଭରେ ଥ‌ିବା ‘hope’ର ଅର୍ଥଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ମିଳାଅ ।)

Column – A	Column – B
1. Will you get the subjects you want to study in college? I hope so.	a feeling that something good will probably happen
2. I hope you don’t mind my saying this, but I don’t like the way you are arguing.	thinking that this would happen (It may or may not have happened)
3. This discovery will give new hope to HIV/AIDS sufferers.	stopped believing that this good thing would happen
4. We are hoping against hope that the judges would not notice our mistakes.	wanting something to happen (and thinking it quite possible)
5. I called early in the hope of speaking to her before she went to school.	showing concern that what you say should not offend disturb or the other person : a way of being polite
6. Just when everybody had given up hope, the fisherman came back seven days after the cyclone.	wishing for something to happen, although this is very unlikely.

Answer:

Column – A	Column – B
1. Will you get the subjects you want to study in college? I hope (verb) so. (ମୁଁ ଆଶା କରୁଛି)	wanting something to happen (and thinking it quite possible)
2. I hope (verb) you don’t mind my saying this, but I don’t like the way you are arguing.	showing concern that what you say should not offend or disturb the other person: a way of being polite.
3. This discovery (ଆବିଷ୍କାର \|) will give new hope to Hl V/AIDS sufferers.	a feeling that something good will probably happen.
4. We are hoping against hope (noun) that the judges would not notice our mistakes.	wishing for something to happen although this is very unlikely.
5. I called early in the hope (noun) of speaking to her before she went to school.	thinking that this would happen (It may or may not have happened)
6. Just when everybody had given up hope (noun) the fisherman came back seven days after the cyclone.	stopped believing that this good thing would happen.

Now read the story and make a list of words used as verbs and nouns. Make sentences of your own using them as verbs and nouns in your words.
(ଏବେ ଗପଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ କ୍ରିୟା ଓ ବିଶେଷଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ ତାଲିକା କର । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କ୍ରିୟା ଓ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିଜ ଭାଷାରେ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର ।)
Answer:
The list of words used as verbs and nouns in the story: are need, water, reply, work, drop, return, rain, help, place, and comment.

need (N) (V)	We take money from the bank as the need arises. I need a rented house to stay in in Bhubaneswar.
water (N) (V)	Water is a basic need for human beings. We should water our plants in the afternoon.
reply (N) (V)	He did not give reply to my letter. He is able to reply to all letters.
work (N) (V)	Work is worship. He works in a private company
drop (N) (V)	Every drop of water is useful for us. He dropped the glass which he hold in his hand
return (N) (V)	He has already submitted his income tax return. He returned home after his work was over.
rain (N) (V)	The rain continued for two hours. It rained heavily yesterday.
help (N) (V)	I need your help. He helps me whenever I am in need.
place (N) (V)	Cuttack is a suitable place to live in. He placed the telephone on a table.
comment (N) (V)	No unfavorable comment should be made about others. The minister refused to comment on the rumor of his resignation

H. Let’s Listen And Speak:
(ଦୁଇ ଜଣ ଲେଖାଏଁ ବାପା ଏବଂ ପୁଅର ଅଭିନୟ କର । ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହେଲେ ଏହାକୁ ମା’ ଏବଂ ଝିଅ ଅଭିନୟକୁ ବଦଳାଇ ପାର ।)

Dad: It’s quite late. Go to bed.
Son: I’ve got the final examination tomorrow.
Dad: It’s almost 12.30 at the night. No more argument. Off to bed.
Son: I have a lot to learn yet.
Dad: It’s essential to get your concepts clear.
Son: But I need to make sure that I know everything that’s required.
Dad: Isn’t it necessary to read the books to get the concepts clear?
Son: All right, father.

Read the text and prepare a dialogue like the one given above and play the roles. (ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ବାର୍ତ୍ତାଳାପ ଭଳି ବାର୍ତ୍ତାଳାପଟିଏ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରି ଅଭିନୟ କର ।)

Answer:
Daughter: Mummy, I am going to bed because it is 11.30 p.m.
Mother: Have you finished your home task?
Daughter: Yes, Mum. There was little homework for today. Besides, I completed a part of it at school in my leisure hour.
Mother: Yesterday I met your English teacher at the market. He told that some of your grammar concepts are not clear. He advised giving emphasis on it.
Daughter: I am trying my best to get the concept clear with the help of my teacher.
Mother: All right. You can go now.
Daughter: Good night! Mummy.

I. Lets Learn Language:

(i) Relative Clauses (Adjective Clause) (ବିଶେଷଣ ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟ):
Look at the following sentence : (ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଦେଖ )

Throughout the morning Lencho – who knew his fields intimately (ଯିଏ ନିଜ କ୍ଷେତଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିଥିଲା) looked at the sky.
This sentence may also be written as: (ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଏପରି ମଧ୍ୟ ଲେଖାଯାଇପାରେ )
All morning Lencho, who knew his fields intimately, looked at the sky.
The underlined parts of the sentences provide us with more information about Lencho and the woman. We call it a Relative Clause. Mark that they begin with a relative pronoun, who. Other common relative pronouns are whom, which, that, and whose.
(ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଅଂଶଟି ଆମକୁ ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଧ‌ିକ ସୂଚନା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଛି । ଏହାକୁ ଆମେ “Relative clause” (ବିଶେଷଣ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ) କହୁ । ଏହା ଏକ ସର୍ବନାମ whoରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିବା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର । who, whom, which, that, whose ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ Relative Pronoun ଅଟନ୍ତି ।)

The relative clause in the above sentence is called a non-defining relative clause because we already know the identity of the person described. We don’t need the information in the relative clause to pick the person out of a larger set. (ଉପରିଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା Relative clauseକୁ non-defining Relative clause କୁହାଯାଏ କାରଣ ଆମେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଥିବା ଲୋକଟିର ପରିଚୟ ବିଷୟରେ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଜାଣିସାରିଛୁ । ଏକ ବୃହତ୍ ପରିସରରୁ ସେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ relative clauseରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସୂଚନା ଆମର ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନାହିଁ ।)

A.NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Non-defining Relative Clause usually has a comma preceding and following it. Some writers use a dash (-) instead (as in the story). If the relative clause comes at the end, we just put a full stop. Non-defining Relative clause 1 666 comma (,) ବିରାମ ଚିହ୍ନଟି ରହେ । କିଛି ଲେଖକ comma ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ dash (–) ଚିହ୍ନ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି, ଯେପରିକି ଉକ୍ତ ଗଳ୍ପଟିରେ ଲେଖକ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଯଦି Relative clauseଟି ଶେଷରେ ରହେ ତେବେ ଆମେ ଏକ full stop (ପୂର୍ଷଚ୍ଛେଦ) ଦେଇଥାଉ ।)

A Non-defining Relative clause does not identify its antecedent (noun phrase used before the relative pronoun). (ଯଥା – whose, whom, what, when ଇତ୍ୟାଦିର ଠିକ୍ ପୂର୍ବରୁ 4 noun phrase antecedentକୁ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରେ ନାହିଁ ।)
It (NDRC) only gives extra or additional information about its antecedent. (NDRC କେବଳ ନିଜର antecedent ବିଷୟରେ ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ସୂଚନା ଦେଇଥାଏ ।)

A clause (ଏକ ଧାରା |) is either a simple sentence or a part of a bigger sentence having subject and predicate. (ଗୋଟିଏ ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟ ହୁଏତ ଗୋଟିଏ ସରଳବାକ୍ୟ ବା ଏକ ବୃହତ୍ ବାକ୍ୟର ଏକ ଅଂଶ)

Join the pairs of sentences given below using a relative pronoun.(ନିମ୍ନରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ବାକ୍ୟ ଯୁଗ୍ମକୁ Relative pronoun ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସଂଯୋଗ କର ।)

My mother is going to host a T.V. show on cooking.
She cooks very well.
Our institution is highly popular.
It works for public welfare.
Satish scored a goal at the last minute.
He was fortunate.
Mother Teresa is revered as a saint.
She served mankind.
I often go to Mumbai.
Mumbai is the commercial capital of India.
These sportspersons are going to meet the President.
Their performance has been excellent.

Answer:

My mother, who cooks very well, is going to host ( ଉପସ୍ଥାପନ କରିବେ ) a T.V. show on cooking.
Our institution, which works for public welfare (ଯାହା ଜନ କଲ୍ୟାଣ ପାଇଁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ |), is highly popular.
Satish, who was fortunate (ଭାଗ୍ୟବାନ ), scored a goal in the last minute.
Mother Teresa, who served mankind (ମାନବଜାତିର ସେବା କରିଥିଲେ), is revered as a saint.
I often go to Mumbai, which is the commercial (ବ୍ୟବସାୟିକ )capital of India.
These sports-persons, whose performance has been excellent (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଦକ୍ଷତା), are going to meet the President.

Sometimes the relative pronoun in a relative clause remains ‘hidden’. For example, look at the first sentence of the story.(ବେଳେବେଳେ Relative clauseରେ Relative pronoun ଲୁକ୍‌କାୟିତ (hidden) ରହେ । ଉଦାହରଣସ୍ୱରୂପ, ଗଳ୍ପର ପ୍ରଥମ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଦେଖ ।)

a) The house — the only one in the entire valley — sat on the Crest of a low hill.
We can rewrite the sentence as (without any change in the meaning)
(ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟର କୌଣସି ଅର୍ଥ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନ କରି ଆମେ ଏପରି ଲେଖିପାରିବା )
The house—which was the only one in the entire valley—sat on the crest of a low hill.
In the original sentence of the text (a) the relative pronoun ‘which’ and the verb ‘was’ are not present (hidden). ପାଠ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ମୂଳବାକ୍ୟ (a)66 Relative pronoun ‘which’ କ୍ରିୟା ‘was’ ଉପସ୍ଥିତ ନାହିଁ (ଲୁକ୍‌କାୟିତ ଅଛି) ।)

(ii) Using negatives (ନାସ୍ତିବାଚକ) for emphasis (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ପ୍ରଦାନ) :
We know that sentences with words such as ‘no’, ‘not’, or ‘nothing’ show the absence of something, or contradict something. (ଆମେ ଜାଣୁ ଯେ ‘no’, ‘not’ ବା ‘nothing’ ଭଳି ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷର ଅନୁପସ୍ଥିତି ବା ବିରୋଧ କରୁଥ‌ିବା ବିଷୟରେ ସୂଚାଏ ।)
For example — (From the text) (ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟରୁ ଉଦାହରଣସ୍ୱରୂପ )

This year we will have no corn. (The crops have failed.) (ଫସଲ ହେବ ନାହିଁ)
(b) The hail has left nothing. (Absence of a crop) (ଶସ୍ୟ ନ ଥ‌ିବା ଅର୍ଥରେ)
(c) These aren’t raindrops falling from the sky, they are new coins.
(Contradicts the common idea of what the drops of water falling from the sky are.) (ଆକାଶକୁ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁ ପଡ଼ିବାର ବିପରୀତ ଅର୍ଥରେ )
But sometimes negative words are used to emphasize an idea. Look at the sentences from story :
(କିନ୍ତୁ ବେଳେବେଳେ ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ଶବ୍ଦସମୂହ କୌଣସି ଧାରଣାକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦେବାକୁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଗଳ୍ପର ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖ )
(d) Lencho …. had donc nothing else but see the sky towards the north-east. (He had done only this.) (ସେ କେବଳ ଏହା କରିଥିଲା)
(e) The man went out for no other reason than to have the pleasure of feeling the rain on his body. (He had only this reason.) (ତା’ ପାଖରେ କେବଳ ଏହି କାରଣ ଥିଲା)
(f) Lencho showed not the slightest suprise on seeing the money. (He showed no surprise at all.) (ସେ ଆଦୌ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟର ଭାବନା ଦେଖାଇଲା ନାହିଁ )

Now look back at the example ‘c’. Mark that the contradiction in fact serves to emphasize the value or usefulness of the rain to the farmer.
(ଏବେ ଉଦାହରଣ ‘c’କୁ ଦେଖ । ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟକର ଯେ ତଥ୍ୟର ବିରୁଦ୍ଧତା କୃଷକ ନିମନ୍ତେ ବର୍ଷାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦେବାରେ ସହାୟକ ହୋଇଛି ।)
Find sentences in the story with negative words, which express the following ideas emphatically : (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ଶବ୍ଦଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଗଳ୍ପରୁ ବାଛ ଯାହାକି ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ ଧାରଣାକୁ ଦୃଢ଼ଭାବେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁଥ‌ିବ ।)

(1) The trees lost all their Leaves.
(2) The letter was addressed to God himself.
(3) The postman saw this address for the first time in his life.
Answer:
(1) Not a leaf (ପତ୍ର) remained on the trees.
(2) It was nothing less than a letter to God.
(3) Never in his career as a postman had he known that address.

J. Let’s Write:
Report Writing (ବିବରଣୀ ଲିଖନ)

Read the newspaper report given below. (ନିମ୍ନରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ସମ୍ବାଦପତ୍ର ବିବରଣୀ ପଢ଼ ।)
Note the information given at different points. (ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ଥଳରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ସୂଚନାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଟିପି ରଖ ।)

Title – Rath Yatra pulls in lakhs of devotees to Puri
Source – The Times of India.
Place and date – Puri 22nd June
Topic sentence and introduction – All roads led to Purl on Thursday with lakhs of devotees flocking to the town to participate in the grand Rath Yatra festival. A wave of euphoria swept across the beach town with the reigning
Details of deities the Yatra – commencing their nine-day ‘outing’ from Jagannath shrine to Gundicha temple in a boisterous procession.
Information on the terror threat and stampede – However, the threat of possible terror attack and the death of two pilgrims allegedly in a stampede cast a shadow on the festivities. There were intelligence reports that some subversive groups might and create trouble during Rath Yatra.
Further details of action taken by the authorities – “Security was tightened compared to the previous years” the DGP said. “We also appeal to the people to remain alert.” the DGP added.

Word Notes:

led to Puri – ପୁରୀକୁ ନେଇଗଲା |
Lakhs of devotees – ଲକ୍ଷ ଲକ୍ଷ ଭକ୍ତ
Flocking – ପ୍ରବାହିତ
grand – ଗ୍ରାଣ୍ଡ୍
Wave of euphoria – ଇଉଫୋରିଆର ତରଙ୍ଗ |
swept across – ଅତିକ୍ରମ କଲା |
beach – ବେଳାଭୂମି
shrine – ଶ୍ରୀକ୍ଷେତ୍ର
with the reigning deities – ଶାସକ ଦେବତାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ |
outing – ବାହାଘର
commencing – ଆରମ୍ଭ
allegedly – ଅଭିଯୋଗ ହୋଇଛି
in a boisterous procession – ଏକ ଶୋଭାଯାତ୍ରାରେ |
pilgirm – ତୀର୍ଥଯାତ୍ରୀ
appealed – ଆବେଦନ କରିଥ

1) Now imagine that you are a reporter for ‘The Indian Express’. You have received the news about the recent cyclone that hit Odisha. Using the guidelines given in the box above, complete a similar report for the newspaper.
(ଏବେ କଳ୍ପନା କର ଯେ ତୁମେ ‘The Indian Express’ର ଜଣେ ସାମ୍ବାଦିକ । ଓଡ଼ିଶାକୁ ଅଳ୍ପଦିନ ତଳେ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ କରିଥିବା ବାତ୍ୟା ବିଷୟରେ ତୁମେ ଏକ ସମ୍ବାଦ ପାଇଲ । ଉପରେ କୋଠରିରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ନିର୍ଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସମ୍ବାଦପତ୍ର ନିମନ୍ତେ ଏକାପରି ଖବର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କର ।).
Answer:
The Super Cyclone brings about the unthinkable tragedy
The Indian Express,
Cuttack, 05 November
The super cyclone of the 29th of October in the district brought about an unthinkable tragedy to the people and their property. A large number of trees were uprooted. Thatched houses were blown away and the mud-built houses of the poor people collapsed. Crops were completely destroyed. Livestock died in numbers. Above all, it caused a great loss of lives and properties.
However, government and voluntary organizations geared up to provide relief commodities. Medicines were supplied to the affected people. Helps from all quarters flew continuously.

K.Let’s Know More (Vocabulary):
A. Related words.

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
intimacy	intimate	intimate	intimately
preparation	prepare	preparatory/ prepared	–
prediction	predict	predictable	predictably
destruction	destroy	destructive	destructively
sadness	sadden	sad	sadly
promise	promise	promising	–
approach	approach	approachable	–
expose	expose	exposed	–
Amiability	–	amiable	amiably
charity	–	charitable	charitably
surprise	surprise	surprised/surprising	surprisingly
denial	deny	deniable	–
instruction	instruct	instructive	instructively
confidence	confide	confident	confidently
immediacy	–	immediate	immediately
hunger	–	hungry	hungrily
expression	express	express	expressly
heart	–	hearty	heartily
obligation	oblige	obliging	obligingly
destruction	destroy	destructive	–
resolution	resolve	–	–
correspondence	correspond	corresponding	correspondingly

B. A single word for the group of words:
1. a long and narrow area of land between the hills – valley
2. the highest part of the hill – crest
3. scattered over the area – dotted with
4. the cutting and gathering of the corn – harvest
5. a heavy fall of rain – downpour
6. a short period of light rain – shower
7. a light meal was taken in the evening – supper
8. a heavy meal was taken at night – dinner
9. say that something will happen but are not sure – predict
10. very big – huge
11. come nearer to someone – approach
12. cover with a piece of cloth – drape
13. small balls of ice that fall from the sky – hailstones
14. look like somebody or something – resemble
15. leave oneself expose to open danger – expose
16. that has been turned into ice -frozen
17. the spiritual past of someone that is believed to continue existing after death – the soul
18. a large number of unpleasant animals or insects – plague
19. an insect like a grasshopper – locust
20. without others, being alone – solitary
21. unhappy or worried – upset
22. a serious lack of food which caused death – hunger
23. the feeling of inside about what is right or wrong – conscience
24. a box which is meant for dropping letters – mailbox
25. with great pleasure – heartily
26. friendly and pleasant – amiable
27. the act of writing letters to someone – correspondence
28. make a remark or criticize – a comment
29. a firm decision – resolution
30. good feelings among people – goodwill
31. a dishonest person – crook
32. being kind and helping people – charity
33. a feeling of happiness – contentment
34. strong faith or trust – confidence
35. a man in charge of a post office – postmaster
36. a man whose job is to collect and deliver letters, parcels, money orders, etc. – a postman
37. a person who has been employed – an employee
38. a very short period of time – the moment
39. a few, not many – several
40. ideas or feelings showing through words or actions – expression
41. very bad weather with heavy rain, wind, thunder, and lightning – storm
42. a storm in which hailstones fall – hailstorm
43. a violent storm in the tropical region – typhoon
44. an extremely strong wind – gale
45. a tropical storm in which strong winds move in circles – cyclone
46. strong winds in Western Atlantic Ocean – hurricane
47. a funnel-shaped strong winds – Tornado
48. a strong wind that moves in a spinning movement – a whirlwind

C. Opposite words (antonyms) of the following words:

low — high
always — never
intimate — distant, formal
smaller — larger
approach — withdraw
sweet — sour
satisfied — dissatisfied
drape — uncover
strong — weak
cover — uncover
upset (y) — Console
sadness — happiness
solitary — busy, sociable
remember — forget
alive — dead
amiable — unpleasant, unfriendly
goodwill — ill-will, hostility
impossible — possible
usual — unusual
contentment — unhappiness, displeasure
count — uncount
open — close
faith — disbelief, disloyalty, distrust
near — far
pass — fail
ripe — immature, green
good — bad, evil
older — younger
begin (y) — end
fresh — stale
pleasure — pain
regard — disregard
drop — rise, lift
large — small
upset (adj) — calm
destroy — build, create, construct
sorrowful — cheerful
loss — profit
die — live
inside — outside
serious — careless
several — few
able — unable/disable
huge — tiny
confidence — doubt, distrust
public-private
willing — unwilling
resemble — vary, differ, contrast
quickly — slowly
expose — cover, protect, conceal
remain — leave, depart
trouble (n) — luck, pleasure, peace
deny — admit, accept

BSE Odisha 10th Class English The Solitary Reaper Important Questions and Answers

Very Short & Objective Questions With Answers:
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase:

Question 1.
Which country did G.L. Fuentes belong to?
Answer:
Mexico

Question 2.
At what age did G.L. Fuentes start writing?
Answer:
15

Question 3.
What was the only one in the entire valley?
Answer:
Lencho’s house

Question 4.
What was flowing by the low hill?
Answer:
the river

Question 5.
What was dotted with the flowers?
Answer:
the field of ripe corn

Question 6.
When did Lencho look at the sky in the northeast direction?
Answer:
in the morning

Question 7.
‘Now we’re really going to get some water, woman.’ Who is the ‘woman’ here?
Answer:
Lencho’s wife

Question 8.
Who was working in the field?
Answer:
the older boys

Question 9.
How long were the little boys playing?
Answer:
till dinner

Question 10.
How was the air when it started raining?
Answer:
fresh and sweet

Question 11.
What did Lencho consider the raindrops?
Answer:
new coins

Question 12.
What began to fall along with the rain?
Answer:
very large hailstones

Question 13.
What did the large hailstones resemble?
Answer:
new silver coins

Question 14.
What did the boys collect when hailstones began to fall?
Answer:
the frozen pearls

Question 15.
“I hope it passed quickly.” What does ‘it’ refer to?
Answer:
the hailstones

Question 16.
How long did the hailstorm continue?
Answer:
for an hour

Question 17.
What was totally destroyed due to a hailstorm?
Answer:
corn

Question 18.
What were Lencho’s sons filled with after a hailstorm?
Answer:
sadness

Question 19.
What was that night like?
Answer:
sorrowful

Question 20.
“All our work, for nothing.” To whom did Lencho say so?
Answer:
to his sons

Question 21.
What was the single hope in that solitary home?
Answer:
help from God

Question 22.
What can see everything, even what is deep in one’s conscience?
Answer:
God’s eyes

Question 23.
How was Lencho working in the fields?
Answer:
like an animals

Question 24.
How much money did Lencho need?
Answer:
hundred pesos

Question 25.
What did Lencho write on the envelope?
Answer:
To Gode

Question 26.
Who dropped the letter into the mailbox?
Answer:
Lencho

Question 27.
The postman went to his boss laughing heartily. Who is the ‘boss’ here?
Answer:
the postmaster

Question 28.
Who had in his career never known that address?
Answer:
the postman

Question 29.
What was the postmaster like?
Answer:
a fat amiable person

Question 30.
“What a faith !” who said this?
Answer:
the postmaster

Question 31.
Where did the postmaster tap the letter?
Answer:
on his desk

Question 32.
Who opened Lencho’s letter to God?
Answer:
the postmaster

Question 33.
What did the postmaster stick to?
Answer:
his resolution

Question 34.
How much money did the postmaster himself give?
Answer:
a part of his salary

Question 35.
What did the letter to Lencho contain?
Answer:
only a single word as a signature: God

Question 36.
Who handed the letter to Lencho the following Sunday?
Answer:
the postman

Question 37.
Who was experiencing the contentment of a man who had performed a good deed?
Answer:
the postmaster

Question 38.
Who had unflinching faith in God?
Answer:
Lencho

Question 39.
What did Lencho ask for near the window of the post office?
Answer:
paper and ink

Question 40.
Where did Lencho write his second letter to God?
Answer:
on the public writing table.

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words:

1. The lonely house of Lencho sat on ___________.
Answer:
the crest of low hill

2. The ripe corn field always promised ___________.
Answer:
a good harvest

3. The only thing the earth needed was a ___________.
Answer:
a downpour or at least a shower

4. Lencho had predicted big drops of rain during ___________.
Answer:
the meal

5. Lencho compared raindrops with ___________.
Answer:
new coins

6. The big raindrops are ___________ cent pieces.
Answer:
10

7. ___________ began to blow suddenly.
Answer:
A strong wind

8. Along with the rain ___________ began to fall.
Answer:
large hailstones

9. Hailstones resembled ___________.
Answer:
new silver coins

10. Lencho’s cornfield looked white as if covered with ___________.
Answer:
salt

11. ___________ were gone from the plants.
Answer:
Flowers

12. Lencho’s soul was filled with ___________.
Answer:
sadness

13. The children went out to collect ___________ in the rain.
Answer:
frozen pearls

14. With a ___________ Lencho regarded the field of ripe corn with its flowers draped in a curtain of rain.
Answer:
satisfied expression

15. Lencho’s family lived in the ___________ house in the middle of the valley.
Answer:
solitary

16. ___________ was a single hope of Lencho.
Answer:
With the help of God

17. ‘Don’t be so upset’ Lencho said this to his ___________.
Answer:
family

18. Lencho thought only of one hope. That is ___________.
Answer:
the help of God

19. God sees what is deep in one’s ___________.
Answer:
conscience

20. Lencho was ___________.
Answer:
anoxia man

21. Lencho began to write a letter to God at ___________ on the following Sunday.
Answer:
daybreak

22. The synonym of ‘upset’ is ___________.
Answer:
disturbed

23. The antonym of ‘drape’ is ___________.
Answer:
reveal/unwrap

24. People say no one dies of ___________.
Answer:
hunger

25. According to Lencho a plague of ___________ would have left more than this.
Answer:
locusts

26. Lencho carried his first letter to ___________.
Answer:
town

27. Lencho asked God ___________ pesos in his first letter.
Answer:
100

28. Lencho wrote ___________ on the envelope of the first letter.
Answer:
To God

29. After placing a stamp on the envelope, he dropped it into ___________.
Answer:
the mailbox

30. One of the employees refers to ___________.
Answer:
the postman

31. The postmaster was a ___________ fellow.
Answer:
amiable

32. The postmaster immediately turned ___________ after tapping the letter on his desk.
Answer:
serious

33. What faith! It is a ___________ on Lencho.
Answer:
comment

34. Synonym of ‘Correspondence’ is ___________.
Answer:
accord/equivalence

35. Lencho demanded hundred pesos in order to ___________ his field again.
Answer:
sow

36. Small balls of ice that fall to the ground with rain is called ___________.
Answer:
hailstones

37. ___________ read the first letter of Lencho.
Answer:
Postmaster

38. The antonymn of ‘amiable’ is ___________.
Answer:
unfriendly/disgraceful

39. To answer the letter the postmaster needed ___________ than goodwill, ink, and paper.
Answer:
something more

40. The Postmaker stuck to his ____________.
Answer:
resolution

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS) WITH ANSWERS
Pick out the correct alternative.

Question 1.
Who was Lencho?
(A) A postman
(B) A postmaster
(C) A farmer
(D) A laborer
Answer:
(C) A farmer

Question 2.
Lencho hoped Lorraine because ___________.
(A) the weather was rather hot.
(B) the crop in his field badly needed water
(C) there was a drought in Mexico
(D) he would sow seeds in his field
Answer:
(B) the crop in his field badly needed water

Question 3.
After the destruction caused by the hailstorm. Lencho was worried about ___________.
(A) his children
(B) the shortage of food for the entire year
(C) the crops destroyed by the hailstorms
(D) the pleasant days to come in future
Answer:
(B) the shortage of food for the entire year

Question 4.
Who was deeply moved by Lencho’s faith in God?
(A) the postman
(B) the postmaster
(C) the children
(D) the woman
Answer:
(B) the postmaster

Question 5.
Lencho lived on the crest of a ___________.
(A) mountain
(B) hill
(C) hillock
(D) plateau
Answer:
(C) hillock

Question 6.
Lencho did not try to find out the real sender of the money because ___________.
(A) he was dreaming about the happy days ahead
(B) he had deep faith in God
(C) he was heartbroken at the loss of crops
(D) he was very ungrateful
Answer:
(B) he had deep faith in God

Question 7.
When Lencho counted the money, he became angry and had all doubts about ___________.
(A) the postmaster
(B) the postman
(C) his wife and his sons
(D) the people working in the post office.
Answer:
(D) the people working in the post office.

Question 8.
Lencho blamed the post office employees because ___________.
(A) they did not help his family
(B) he had great faith in God
(C) the post office employees had stolen a part of the money.
(D) they didn’t deliver the letter on time.
Answer:
(C) the post office employees had stolen a part of the money

Question 9.
The postmaster along with the post office employees sent Lencho the money because ___________.
(A) they were related to each other
(B) it was an act of kindness and selflessness
(C) the postmaster was a rich man
(D) he was the victim of the hailstorm
Answer:
(B) it was an act of kindness and selflessness

Question 10.
In the story ‘ The rain turned into hailstorm’ implies ___________.
(A) the conflict between the postman and the postmaster
(B) the conflict between man and nature
(C) the conflict between his wife and children
(D) the conflict between the storm and the crops
Answer:
(B) the conflict between man and nature

Question 11.
From the height of the low hill, one could see ____________.
(A) the stream and the brook
(B) the river and the cornfield
(C) the garden with trees in the valley
(D) the hut and the trees
Answer:
(B) the river and the cornfield

Question 12.
Lencho looked at the sky towards the ____________.
(A) south-west
(B) south-east
(C) north-west
(D) north-east
Answer:
(D) north-east

Question 13.
Lencho thought that the only thing that the earth needed was ___________.
(A) a downpour
(B) a shower
(C) a storm
(D) a hailstorm
Answer:
(A) a downpour

Question 14.
The older boys were working in ___________.
(A) the woman
(B) crops
(C) Lencho
(D) raindrops
Answer:
(D) raindrops

Question 15.
The smaller boys were playing ____________.
(A) in the playground
(B) in the meadow
(C) near the house
(D) in the park
Answer:
(C) near the house

Question 16.
Big drops of rain began to fall during ___________.
(A) the dinner
(B) the supper
(C) the lunch
(D) the breakfast
Answer:
(B) the supper

Question 17.
Huge mountains of clouds could be seen approaching ___________.
(A) in the south-east
(B) in the north-west
(C) in the south-west
(D) in the north-east
Answer:
(D) in the north-east

Question 18.
When big drops of rain began to fall, Lencho went out to have the pleasure of feeling the rain ___________.
(A) on his head
(B) on his hand
(C) on his body
(D) on his legs
Answer:
(C) on his body

Question 19.
Lencho said that the big raindrops were like ____________ cent pieces.
(A) five
(B) ten
(C) twenty
(D) fifty
Answer:
(B) ten

Question 20.
After the hailstorm. Lencho’s cornfield was covered with __________________
(A) clouds
(B) locusts
(C) hailstones
(D) salt
Answer:
(C) hailstones

Question 21.
The expression ‘frozen pearls’ refers to ___________.
(A) locusts
(B) crops
(C) hailstones
(D) raindrops
Answer:
(C) hailstones

Question 22.
The hailstones looked like __________.
(A) old gold coins
(B) new copper coins
(C) new silver coins
(D) old bronze coins
Answer:
(C) new silver coins

Question 23.
‘All our work for nothing’ said by year said by ___________.
(A) Lencho
(B) the woman
(C) the small boys
(D) the older boys
Answer:
(C) the small boys

Question 24.
We’ll go hungry __________.
(A) fruitless
(B) the postman
(C) flowerless
(D) the boys
Answer:
(A) fruitless

Question 25.
Lencho’s field looked as if it was covered with ____________.
(A) cotton
(B) snow
(C) foam
(D) salt
Answer:
(D) salt

Question 26.
The hail rained for __________.
(A) an hour
(B) two hours
(C) three hours
(D) four hours
Answer:
(A) an hour

Question 27.
The hailstorm made the plants ___________.
(A) the dinner
(B) the supper
(C) the lunch
(D) the breakfast
Answer:
(B) the supper

Question 28.
What time did Lencho write the letter to God?
(A) at sunset
(B) at dusk
(C) at daybreak
(D) at night
Answer:
(C) at daybreak

Question 29.
Lencho preferred ___________ to hailstorm.
(A) downpour
(B) ox
(C) mosquitoes
(D) locusts
Answer:
(D) locusts

Question 30.
God can see everything even what is ___________.
(A) heart
(B) conscience
(C) mind
(D) personality
Answer:
(B) conscience

Vocabulary
Do As Directed:

Question 1.
They are dishonest people. (Substitute a single word for the underlined words)
Answer:
crooks

Question 2.
He expressed his satisfaction. (Substitute a single word for the underlined word)
Answer:
contentment

Question 3.
Scattered over an area (Write a single word)
Answer:
dotted with

Question 4.
Lencho lived in a solitary house. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
lonely

Question 5.
Mr. Kar is working in an ____________ organization. (Fill in the blank with a word opposite to public)
Answer:
private

Question 6.
Dr. Goutam Maharana is a friendly and pleasant young man. (Substitute a single word for the underlined part)
Answer:
amiable

Question 7.
Lencho said, “Don’t be upset.” Here ‘upset’ means __________. (Fill up the blanks)
Answer:
disturbed

Question 8.
In spring we __________the swimming pool. (Fill in the blank with a word opposite to ‘cover’)
Answer:
uncover

Question 9.
Aditya expressed his __________ to see the evils. (Fill in the blank with a word opposite to ‘pleasure’)
Answer:
displeasure

Question 10.
The ____________ of the meteorologists came true. (Fill in the blank with a word related to ‘predict’)
Answer:
prediction

Question 11.
The bombs caused a lot of __________. (Fill in the blank with a word related to ‘destroy’)
Answer:
destruction

Question 12.
With a satisfied __________, he looked at his cornfield. (Fill in the blank with the noun form of ‘express’)
Answer:
expression

Question 13.
He can foretell the future. (Substitute a single word for the underlined portion)
Answer:
predict

Question 14.
But he stuck to his resolution. Here ‘resolution’ means __________. (Fill up the blanks)
Answer:
firm decision

Question 15.
Nobody likes __________ people. (Fill in the blank with a word opposite to ‘honest’)
Answer:
dishonest

Question 16.
God sees everything, even what is deep in one’s inner sense of right or wrong. A single word for the underlined expression will be ___________.
Answer:
conscience

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Answer the following question in about 50 words.

Question 1.
Who was Lencho? What was he like?
Answer:
Lencho was a farmer who lived with his family in a solitary house on the top of a low hill. He was very poor and innocent. He was very hardworking. He knew his fields well and worked there like an animal. No doubt he was literate and he was able to read and write. Besides he had firm faith in God.

Question 2.
Why did Lencho keep on looking at the sky throughout the morning?
Answer:
Lencho was a poor farmer who knew his com fields closely. He could see his fields of ripe com full of flowers that always promised a good harvest. He hoped for a downpour or at least a shower of rain for his fields of ripe corn. So Lencho kept on looking at the sky towards the northeast throughout the morning.

Question 3.
How was Lencho’s cornfield destroyed?
(Or)
What was the effect of the hailstorm on Lencho’s cornfield?
Answer:
Just as Lencho had predicted, big drops of rain began to fall at night. His joy knew no bounds as the water was badly necessary for his field. But soon a strong wind began to blow and along with the rain very large hailstones began to fall. It continued for an hour. The field was completely covered with hailstones. As a result, the com was totally destroyed.

Question 4.
What did Lencho predict? How was it materialized?
Answer:
Once Lencho felt the necessity of a shower of rain for his com field in order to have a good harvest. So one morning he kept on looking at the sky towards the northeast anticipating a downpour or a shower. He was sure about it in the afternoon and informed his wife all about it. His imagination materialized when he was taking his meal. Big drops of rain began to fall and in the northeast huge mountains of clouds could be seen approaching.

Question 5.
Why did Lencho say that the raindrops were like new coins?
Answer:
Lencho’s ripe corn field was badly in need of rain and he had been anxiously waiting for the raindrops for a long time, as a shower of rain had great importance for him. In the northeast huge mountains of clouds approached and then the air became fresh and sweet. Lencho went out for no other reason than to have the pleasure of feeling the rain on his body. When he returned home, he exclaimed that those raindrops were like new silver coins.

Question 6.
Why didn’t Lencho’s happiness last long?
Answer:
It began to rain at night just as Lencho had predicted before. He was delighted to see it. He came out and felt the pleasure of rain on his own body. But due to the irony of his fate, his happiness didn’t last long. Soon large hailstones began to fall along with a strong wind. The hail rained in the valley for an hour which snatched away all his happiness.

Question 7.
Why did Lencho prefer locusts to the storm?
Answer:
Locusts are a kind of insects that eat crops and vegetables. They fly in large numbers and eat up some crops and then leave the fields. But the storm came and spoiled the whole of the ripe corps in the Lencho’s corn field. So Lencho preferred locusts to the storm because the locusts would not have caused so much damage to the crops as the storm had done.

Question 8.
Why did Lencho write a letter to God?
(Or)
Why did Lencho write a letter to God? What did he pray to him?
Answer:
Lencho had deep faith in Almighty God. He was sure that God would certainly help him during his distress. When all his com fields were destroyed by the hailstones, Lencho’s heart was filled with sorrow. He became helpless and depended on God who might save his family from starvation and hunger throughout the year. Since he had a single hope: hope from God, he wrote a letter to Him asking for a hundred pesos to sow his field again and feed his family until the next crop came.

Question 9.
What was the only hope in everybody’s heart?
Answer:
The only hope in everybody’s heart was that God would certainly help them as God sees everything, even what is deep in one’s conscience. So the following Sunday at daybreak Lencho wrote a letter to God praying to Him to send him a hundred pesos so that he could sow his field again and feed his family until the next crop came.

Question 10.
What did the employees feel after receiving Lencho’s letter to God?
Answer:
The postman laughed heartily when he saw the letter addressed to God. Career as a postman had he known that address. The postmaster also broke out laughing. Soon he became serious and tapped the letter on his desk. He was astonished to see Lencho’s deep faith in God.

Question 11.
WhatdidLenchowritetoGodinhis first letter?
Answer:
Lencho’s com field was totally destroyed by the hailstorm. So he thought that his family would go hungry that year. He hoped that God would help him. He made a humble prayer to God to help him otherwise his family would go without food that year. He also wrote that he needed a hundred pesos to sow his field again and to live until the next crop came.

Question 12.
What was Lencho’s reaction after the hailstorm?
Answer:
After the hailstorm, Lencho was disheartened to see his com field which was completely destroyed. He thought of himself as well as of his family members. He realized that his family would go hungry that year. He expressed it before his sons. He also knew it well that no one could help them there. He consoled his family as he had deep faith in God.

Question 13.
What did Lencho write to God in his last letter?
Answer:
In his last letter Lencho wrote to God that of the money that he asked for, only seventy pesos reached him. He requested God to send him the rest amount since he needed it very much. He also asked Him to send it to him not through the mail as the post office employees were a bunch of crooks.

Question 14.
What was Lencho’s reaction when he received the letter from the post office?
(Or)
What was Lencho’s reaction to the reply to his letter?
Answer:
Lencho’s expectation of getting a reply from God came true when he received the letter from the postman. He was not at all surprised to see it as he had firm faith in God. He confidently opened it and counted the money. Soon he got angry as it was less than a hundred pesos. He never suspected God rather he suspected the integrity of the employees of the post office.

Question 15.
What would have been the reaction of the postal employees if they had read Lencho’s second letter?
Answer:
Lencho’s second letter to God contained a statement of his dissatisfaction with the postal employees. The second letter written by Lencho was the accusation of cheating on the money from the parcel by them. If they had read the second letter sent by Lencho, they would have strongly blamed him and would have considered him ungrateful.

Question 16.
Why did the postmaster send money to Lencho?
Answer:
The postmaster was an amiable person, who praised Lencho for his deep faith in God. He decided to answer the letter. He went through the letter and found that his family would go hungry that year and needed a hundred pesos in order to sow his fields again. When he knew that it needed not merely goodwill, but financial help, he gave a part of his salary and collected money from several of his employees and some more money from his friends as an act of charity.

Question 17.
Why did Lencho’s field look white after the storm?
Answer:
Suddenly a strong wind began to blow along with a heavy shower of rain. Soon very large hailstones began falling from the sky. The rain continued for an hour. Unfortunately, the strong wind turned into a hailstorm. The hailstones rained for an hour and fell on Lencho’s house, the garden, the hillside, the corn field, and the entire valley. So his cornfield became full of hailstones and looked white as if it was covered with salt.

Question 18.
Why did Lencho call the post office employees a bunch of crooks’?
Answer:
Lencho was very sure that God could neither make a mistake nor deny him what he had asked for. His confidence in God was so deep that he expected to get a hundred pesos positively. When he received the letter from God, he eagerly counted the money. He found that there were only seventy pesos in the envelope. He suspected that the post office employees were dishonest persons, who must have taken the remaining part of the money. For this reason, he called the post office employees a bunch of crooks.

Question 19.
How does the writer describe two kinds of conflicts in the story ‘A Letter to God’?
Answer:
There are two kinds of conflict described in the story. Firstly Lencho’s com field was destroyed by a hailstorm and thereby Lencho became helpless. It is the conflict between Nature and man. Even though the postmaster and other employees collected money and managed to send seventy pesos to Lencho, as an act of kindness, Lencho blamed them for taking away a part of his money. This statement reflects that Lencho didn’t have faith in man. So it is the conflict between man and man.

A letter to God Summary in English

Lead-In:
It is believed that faith can move mountains. People live in faith. Particularly people have faith in God. People endure misfortunes because of their faith for the commencement of a better time. Faith keeps us alive and makes us optimistic. Here, in the present context, Lencho is a farmer who has firm faith in God. He writes a letter to God during his distress and asks for some financial assistance. Though it doesn’t reach its destination, still the poor farmer gets a part of his request. He couldn’t disbelieve it.

Paragraph-wise Explanation:
Para: The house-the only one in the entire valley – sat on the crest of a low hill. From this height, one would see the river and the field of ripe corn dotted with the flowers that always promised a good harvest. The only thing the earth needed was a downpour or at least a shower. Throughout the morning Lencho – who knew his fields intimately- had done nothing else but see the sky towards the northeast.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସମଗ୍ର ଉପତ୍ୟକାରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଏକମାତ୍ର ଘରଟି ଗୋଟିଏ ନିମ୍ନ ପାହାଡ଼ର ଉପରିଭାଗରେ ଥିଲା । ଏହି ଉଚ୍ଚତାରୁ ଯେ କେହି ନଦୀ ଏବଂ ବିସ୍ତୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ପରିବ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ଫୁଲ ଉଡ଼ାଉଥ‌ିବା ପାଚିଲା ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଦେଖପାରିବ ଯାହାକି ସବୁବେଳେ ଭଲ ଫସଲ ଅମଳ ଦେବାର ଆଶା ସଞ୍ଚାର ଅସରାଏ କେବଳ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ମୂଷଳ ଧାରାରେ ବୃଷ୍ଟି କିମ୍ବା ଅତି ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିଥୁଲା ବର୍ଷା ଦରକାର କରୁଥିଲା । ଲେଞ୍ଚେ ଯିଏକି ତା’ର କ୍ଷେତକୁ ଭଲ କମ୍‌ରେ କରାଇଥାଏ । ସାରା ସକାଳ କେବଳ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଆକାଶକୁ ଚାହିଁବା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଅନ୍ୟ କିଛି ହିଁ କରି ନଥିଲା ।

Para: “Now we’re really going to get some water, woman. ” The woman who was preparing supper, replied, “Yes, God willing “. The older boys were working in the field, while the smaller ones were playing near the house until the woman called to them all, “Come for dinner”. It was during the meal that, just as Lencho had predicted, big drops of rain began to fall. In the northeast, huge mountains of clouds could be seen approaching. The air was fresh and sweet. The man went out for no other reason than to have the pleasure of feeling the rain on his body, and when he returned he exclaimed, “These aren’t raindrops falling from the sky, they are new coins. The big drops are ten cent pieces and the little ones are fives.”
ଅନୁବାଦ : ‘‘ହେ ନାରୀ, ଏବେ ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଆମେ କିଛି ପାଣି ପାଇବାକୁ ଯାଉଛେ !’’ ଯେଉଁ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକଟି ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକାଳୀନ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରୁଥିଲେ ସେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ, ‘ହଁ, ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ଇଚ୍ଛା ।’’ ବୟସ୍କ ବାଳକମାନେ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ କାମ କରୁଥିଲେ, ଯେତେବେଳେ କି ସାନ ସାନ ପିଲାମାନେ ଘର ପାଖରେ ଖେଳୁଥିଲେ । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକଟି ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ‘ଖାଇବ ଆସ’ ବୋଲି ଡାକିଲେ । ଠିକ୍ ଯେପରି ଲେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟବାଣୀ କରିଥିଲା, ଖାଇବା ଚାଲିଥିବା ସମୟରେ ସେହିପରି ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ ବର୍ଷା ବିନ୍ଦୁମାନ ପଢ଼ିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲା । ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବାକାଶରେ ବିରାଟ ପର୍ବତ ଆକାରର ବାଦଲ ଖଣ୍ଡମାନ ମାଡ଼ି ଆସୁଥିବାର ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା । ପବନ ଖୁବ୍ ସତେଜ ଓ ଆନନ୍ଦଦାୟକ ଥିଲା । ଲୋକଟି ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି କାରଣ ପାଇଁ ନୁହେଁ, କେବଳ ତା’ ଶରୀରରେ ବର୍ଷା ସ୍ପର୍ଶର ଆନନ୍ଦ ଉପଭୋଗ କରିବାକୁ ବାହାରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲା ଏବଂ ଫେରିବା ସମୟରେ ଆବେଗରେ କହି ପକାଇଲା, ‘‘ଆକାଶରୁ ଝରି ପଡୁଥ‌ିବା ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁ ନୁହେଁ, ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ନୂତନ ମୁଦ୍ରା । ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦଶ ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ ମୁଦ୍ରା (ଆମେରିକୀୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା) ଏବଂ ଛୋଟ ବର୍ଷାବିନ୍ଦୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଞ୍ଚ ସେଣ୍ଟ୍ ମୁଦ୍ରା ସଦୃଶ ।’’

Para: With a satisfied expression he regarded the field of ripe corn with its flower, draped in a curtain of rain. But suddenly a strong wind began to blow and along with the rain very large hailstones began to fall. These truly did resemble new silver coins. The boys, exposing themselves to the rain, ran out to collect the frozen pearls.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସନ୍ତୋଷଜନକ ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ସହ ସେ ପାଚିଲା ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତ ତା’ ଫୁଲ ସହ ବର୍ଷାରୂପକ ପରଦାରେ ଆବୃତ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି ବୋଲି ଲେଞ୍ଝା ଭାବୁଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ହଠାତ୍ ପ୍ରବଳ ବେଗରେ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ପବନ ବହିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା ଏବଂ ବର୍ଷା ସହିତ ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ କୁଆପଥର ଖଣ୍ଡସବୁ ପଡ଼ିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା । ବାସ୍ତବରେ କୁଆପଥରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ନୂଆ ରୁପା ମୁଦ୍ରାଭଳି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା । ବର୍ଷାରେ ଭିଜିଭିଜି ପିଲାମାନେ ବରଫ ମୁକ୍ତାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରିବାପାଇଁ ବାହାରକୁ ଦୌଡ଼ିଲେ ।

Para: “It’s really getting bad now “, exclaimed the man, “I hope it passes quickly. ” It did not pass quickly. For an hour the hail rained on the house, the garden, the hillside, the cornfield, on the whole valley. The field was white as if covered with salt.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଲୋକଟି ବିସ୍ମୟର ସହ କହିଲା, ‘ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କିଛି ଖରାପ ଘଟିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ଆଶା କରୁଛି ଏହା ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଚାଲିଯିବ ।’’ କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଶୀଘ୍ର ଅତିକ୍ରମ କଲା ନାହିଁ । ଦୀର୍ଘ ଏକଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ଘର ଉପରେ, ବଗିଚାରେ, ପାହାଡ଼ କଡ଼ରେ, ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତରେ ତଥା ସମଗ୍ର ଉପତ୍ୟକାରେ କୁଆପଥର ବୃଷ୍ଟି ହେଲା । ଶସ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଲୁଣଦ୍ୱାରା ଆବୃତ ହେବାଭଳି ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଧଳା ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲା ।

Para: Not a leaf remained on the trees. The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from the plants. Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. When the storm had passed, he stood in the middle of the field and said to his sons, “A plague of locusts would have left more than this. The hail has left nothing, this year we will have no corn.”
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଗଛଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ପତ୍ରଟିଏ ମଧ୍ଯ ରହିଲା ନାହିଁ । ଶସ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଶସ୍ୟଗଛଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ଫୁଲସବୁ ଝଡ଼ି ପଡ଼ିଲା । ଲେଞ୍ଚୋର ଆତ୍ମା ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭରିଗଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଝଡ଼ ଚାଲିଗଲା, ସେ କ୍ଷେତ ମଝିରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇ ତା’ର ପୁଅମାନଙ୍କୁ କହିଲା, ‘‘ପଙ୍ଗପାଳ ଉପଦ୍ରବ କରିଥିଲେ ହୁଏତ ଏହାଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତେ । କୁଆପଥର ବୃଷ୍ଟି କିଛି ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇ ନାହିଁ । ଏବର୍ଷ ଆମେ ଆଦୌ ଶସ୍ୟ ପାଇବା ନାହିଁ ।

Para: That night was a sorrowful one.
“All our work, for nothing. ”
“There’s no one who can help us. ”
“We’ll all go hungry this year.”
But in the hearts of all who lived in that solitary house in the middle of the valley, there was a single hope: help from God.
“Don’t be so upset, even though this seems like a total loss. Remember, no one dies of hunger.”
That’s what they say : no one dies of hunger.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସେହି ରାତିଟି ଏକ ଦୁଃଖଦ ରାତି ଥିଲା । ‘‘ଆମର ସମସ୍ତ ଶ୍ରମ ନିରର୍ଥକ ହେଲା ।’’ ‘‘ଆମକୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରିବା ଭଳି କେହି ନାହାନ୍ତି ।’’ ‘‘ଏବର୍ଷ ଆମେ ଭୋକିଲା ରହିବା ।’’ମାତ୍ର ଉପତ୍ୟକାର ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗସ୍ଥିତ ସେହି ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ଘରଟିରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିବା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାତ୍ର
ଆଶା ଥିଲା ; ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କଠାରୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ।“‘ବିଚଳିତ ହୁଅ ନାହିଁ, ଯଦିଓ ଏହା ଏକ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କ୍ଷତି ଭଳି ଜଣାପଡ଼ୁଛି । ମନେରଖ, କେହି ଭୋକରେ ମରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।”’‘କେହି ଭୋକରେ ମରେ ନାହିଁ – ଏପରି ସେମାନେ କହନ୍ତି ।’’

Para: All through the night, Lencho thought only of one hope: the help of God, whose eyes, as he had been instructed, see everything, even what is deep in one’s conscience. Lencho was an ox of a man, working like an animal in the fields, but still, he knew how to write. The following Sunday, at daybreak, he began to write a letter which he himself would carry to town and place in the mail. It was nothing less than a letter to God.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ରାତିସାରା ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କେବଳ ସେଇ ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଶା, ଈଶ୍ବରଙ୍କ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କଥା ଭାବୁଥୁଲା, ଯାହାଙ୍କର ଆଖ୍ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଯେପରି କୁହାଯାଇଛି ସବୁକିଛି ଦେଖେ ଏପରିକି ଜଣକର ଗଭୀର ହୃଦୟରେ କ’ଣ ଅଛି ଦେଖାରେ । ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମୀ ଥିଲା ଓ ସେ ତା’ର ଜମିରେ ବଳଦ ଭଳି ଖଟୁଥିଲା, କିନ୍ତୁ ତଥାପି ସେ ଲେଖୁବା ଜାଣିଥିଲା । ତା’ ପରବର୍ତୀ ରବିବାର ସକାଳୁ ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଚିଠି ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା, ଯାହାକୁ ସେ ନିଜେ ସହରକୁ ନେଲା ଓ ଡାକରେ ପକାଇ ଆସିଲା । ଏହା ଈଶ୍ଵରଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଏକ ପତ୍ର ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଅନ୍ୟ କିଛି ନ ଥିଲା ।

Para: “God,” he wrote, “if you don’t help me, my family and I will go hungry this year. I need a hundred pesos in order to sow my field again and to live until the crop comes, because of the hailstorm…. ”
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସେ ଲେଖୁଥିଲା, ‘ହେ ଈଶ୍ଵର, ଯଦି ଆପଣ ମୋତେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନ କରନ୍ତି, ତେବେ ଏବର୍ଷ ମୋ ପରିବାର ଓ ମୁଁ ଭୋକରେ ରହିବୁ । ଜମିରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର ବିହନ ବୁଣିବାପାଇଁ ଓ ଫସଲ ଅମଳ ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ପାଇଁ ମୋର ଏକ ଶହ ପୋସୋ (ଲାଟିନ୍‌ ଆମେରିକାର ମୁଦ୍ରା) ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କାରଣ କୁଆପଥର ……”’

Para: He wrote “To God’ on the envelope, put the letter inside, and, still troubled, went to town. At the post office, he placed a stamp on the letter and dropped it into the mailbox.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସେ ଲଫାପା ଉପରେ “To God” (ଈଶ୍ବରଙ୍କୁ) ବୋଲି ଲେଖୁଲା, ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ତା’ ଭିତରେ ରଖିଲା, ତଥାପି ଶଙ୍କାକୁଳ ମନରେ ସହରକୁ ଗଲା । ଡାକଘରେ ସେ ଚିଠି ଉପରେ ଟିକଟ ଲଗାଇଲା ଓ ଡାକବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ସେଇଟିକୁ ପକାଇଦେଲା ।

Para: One of the employees, who was a postman and also helped at the post office, went to his boss laughing heartily, and showed him the letter to God. Never in his career as a postman had he known that address. The postmaster – a fat, amiable fellow also broke out laughing, but almost immediately he turned serious and, tapping the letter on his desk, commented, “What faith! I wish I had the faith in the man who wrote this letter. Starting up a correspondence with God !”
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜଣେ କର୍ମଚାରୀ, ଯିଏକି ଜଣେ ଡାକବାଲା ଥୁଲା ଓ ଡାକଘରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲା, ହସି ହସି ଉପରିସ୍ଥ ଅଧିକାରୀଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲା ଓ ଈଶ୍ବରଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିବା ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ଦେଖାଇଲା । ଡାକବାଲାଭାବେ ତା’ର ଚାକିରିକାଳ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସେ ଏପରି ଠିକଣା କେବେ ଜାଣି ନଥିଲା । ଅମାୟିକ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ମେଦବହୁଳ ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର, ମଧ୍ୟ ହସି ହସି ଫାଟି ପଡ଼ିଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ହଠାତ୍ ସେ ଗମ୍ଭୀର ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ଡେସ୍କ ଉପରେ ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ଟିକିଏ ବାଡ଼େଇ ଦେଇ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଦେଲେ, ‘କି ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ! ଏହି ଚିଠିଟି ଲେଖୁଥ‌ିବା ଲୋକର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଭଳି ମୋର ବିଶ୍ବାସ ଥାଆନ୍ତି କି ! ଈଶ୍ଵରଙ୍କ ସହିତ ପତ୍ରାଳାପ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଛି ।’’

Para: So, in order not to shake the writer’s faith in God, the postmaster came up with an idea: answer the letter. But when he opened it, it was evident that to answer it he needed something more than goodwill, ink, and paper. But he stuck to his resolution: he asked for money from his employees, he himself gave part of his salary, and several friends of his were obliged to give something for an act of charity.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଲେଖକଙ୍କର ଈଶ୍ଵରଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆସ୍ଥା ନ ତୁଟାଇବାପାଇଁ ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟରଙ୍କ ମନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଚିଠିର ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖୁବାପାଇଁ ବିଚାରଟିଏ ଆସିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଏହାକୁ ଖୋଲିଲେ, ସେଥୁରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଲା ଯେ ଏହାର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଶୁଭେଚ୍ଛା, କାଳି ଓ କାଗଜ ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଆଉ କିଛି ଅଧିକ ଦରକାର କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ଯାହା ସଙ୍କଳ୍ପ କରିଥିଲେ ବା ଚିନ୍ତା କରିଥିଲେ ସେଇଥ୍ରେ ଅଟଳ ରହିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କର କର୍ମଚାରୀମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ କିଛି ଟଙ୍କା ମାଗିଲେ ଓ ସେ ନିଜେ ତାଙ୍କ ଦରମାରୁ କିଛି ଅଂଶ ପ୍ରଦାନ କଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କର ଅନେକ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଏହି ବଦାନ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ କିଛି ଅର୍ଥ ଦେଇ କୃତଜ୍ଞ ହେଲେ ।

Para: It was impossible for him to gather together the hundred pesos, so he was able to send the farmer only a little more than half. He put the money in an envelope addressed to Lencho and with it a letter containing only a single word as a signature: God.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ମାଗିଥ୍‌ ଶହେ ପେସୋ ଏକତ୍ର ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରିବା ତାଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷେ ଅସମ୍ଭବ ଥିଲା, ତେଣୁ ସେ କୃଷକ ନିକଟକୁ ଅଧାରୁ ଟିକିଏ ଅଧିକ ପଠାଇବାକୁ ସମର୍ଥ ହେଲେ । ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ଠିକଣା ଲେଖାଥିବା ଲଫାପା ଭିତରେ ସେ ଟଙ୍କା ଓ ତା’ ସହ ‘ଈଶ୍ବର’ ବୋଲି ସ୍ବାକ୍ଷର ହୋଇଥିବା ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ରଖୁଲେ ।

Para: The following Sunday Lencho came a bit earlier than usual to ask if there was a letter for him. It was the postman himself who handed the letter to him while the postmaster, experiencing the contentment of a man who has performed a good deed, looked on from his office.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ତା’ପାଇଁ କିଛି ଚିଠି ଅଛି କି ନାହିଁ ଜାଣିବାପାଇଁ ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ରବିବାର ଟିକିଏ ସହଳ ପହଞ୍ଚଗଲା । ଡାକବାଲା ନିଜେ ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ତାକୁ ବଢ଼ାଇଦେଲେ ଓ ଜଣେ ଭଲ କାମ କରିଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଭଳି ସନ୍ତୋଷ ଅନୁଭବ କରି ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର ତାଙ୍କ ଅଫିସ୍‌ରୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହିଲେ ।

Para: Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the money; such was his confidence-but that he became angry when he counted the money. God could not have made a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had requested.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଲେଞ୍ଚୋର ଏତେ ଦୃଢ଼ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ ଥିଲା ଯେ ଟଙ୍କାକୁ ଦେଖୁ ସେ ତିଳେମାତ୍ର ବିସ୍ମିତ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ମାତ୍ର ଟଙ୍କାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଗଣିବାବେଳେ ସେ ରାଗିଗଲା । ଈଶ୍ବର କେବେହେଲେ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ଯାହା ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଥିଲା ତାକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ କେବେହେଲେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ କରିପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ ।

Para: Immediately, Lencho went up to the window to ask for paper and ink. On the public writing table, he started to write, with much wrinkling of his brow, caused by the effort he had to make to express his ideas. When he finished, he went to the window to buy a stamp which he licked and then affixed to the envelope with a blow of his fist. The moment the letter fell into the mailbox the postmaster went to open it. It said: “God: Of the money that I asked for, only seventy pesos reached me. Send me the rest since I need it very much. But don’t send it to me through the mail because the post office employees are a bunch of crooks. Len cho.”
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ କାଗଜ ଓ କାଳି ମାଗିବାପାଇଁ ଝରକା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗଲା । ତା’ର ଭାବନାକୁ ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବାକୁ ଭୁଲତା କୁଞ୍ଚନ ସହିତ ସର୍ବସାଧାରଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଟେବୁଲ ଉପରେ ସେ ଲେଖୁବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା । ଚିଠି ଲେଖା ଶେଷ କରିବା ପରେ ଲେଞ୍ଚେ ଝରକା ପାଖକୁ ଟିକଟଟିଏ କିଣିବାକୁ ଗଲା ଓ ଟିକେଟରେ ସେ ଛେପ ମାରି ଲଫାପା ଉପରେ ବିଧାମାରି ଲଗାଇଦେଲା । ଡାକବାକ୍ସରେ ଚିଠିଟି ପଡ଼ିବାମାତ୍ରେ ପୋଷ୍ଟମାଷ୍ଟର ତାକୁ ଖୋଲିବାକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ । ଏଥ‌ିରେ ଲେଖାଥିଲା : ‘ହେ ଈଶ୍ଵର, ମୁଁ ମାଗିଥିବା ଟଙ୍କା ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ମାତ୍ର ସତୁରି ପୋସୋ ମୋ ପାଖରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା । ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ଟଙ୍କାତକ ମୋ ପାଖକୁ ପଠାନ୍ତୁ କାରଣ ଏହା ମୋ ପାଇଁ ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ । ମାତ୍ର ଏହାକୁ ଡାକ ଯୋଗେ ମୋ ପାଖକୁ ପଠାନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ କାରଣ ଡାକଘର କର୍ମଚାରୀମାନେ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଦଳେ ଅସାଧୁ ଲୋକ ।’’ ଇତି ଲେଞ୍ଜୋ ।

About The Author:
Gregorio Lopez Fuentes (1895-1966) was a famous Mexican novelist (ଔପନ୍ୟାସିକ), poet and journalist. Fuentes started writing at the age of 15, when the Mexican Revolution (ବିପ୍ଳବ) began. Many of his books are related (ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ) to the civil conflict. His stories are exciting and humorous. Many of his works are concerned with the oppression of Americans. In 1935, he was awarded the National Prize of Arts and Science.

Word Meaning / Glossary:

entire (Adj) – whole
The entire class went to the picnic.
crest (N) – top/the highest part of a hill
There is a temple on the crest of a hill.
corn (N) – crops
dotted with – scattered over an area
The sea is dotted with ships.
harvest (N) – yield
promised(V)- offered
needed (V) – required
at least – to the minimum
throughout (Prep) – all through
downpour (N)- heavy rainfall
shower (N) – a spell of light rain
intimately (Adv) – closely
supper (N) – light meal taken in the evening
was preparing (V) – was cooking
God willing – if God wills
until- not till
predict – foretell the future
No one can predict birth and death,
huge – very big
I saw a huge elephant,
approaching (V)- coming fast
exclaimed (V) – became surprised
falling (V) – dropping with a satisfied expression – with a content
regarder – thought, considered
drape – cover
The ground was draped with snow.
hailstones (N) – pellets of hail
did resemble (V)- looked alike
exposing themselves to the rain – coming out in the rain
frozen pearls (NP) – very cold small, white solid bead-like substance
really (Adv) — indeed
as if(Conj) — as though
He is walking as if he is mad.
rained (V) — poured down
soul (N) — heart
locusts (N) — insects that fly in big groups and destroy crops
The farmers use pesticides to protect the crops from locusts.
sorrowful (Adj) — having sadness
He got a piece of sorrowful news.
was totally destroyed — was completely spoiled
were gone — were disappeared
we’ll all go hungry— we will all live without food
solitary(Adj)— lonely, single
Upset (Adj) — disturbed, gloomy
She is most upset about her loss of property.
seems (V) — appears
a total loss (NP)— a complete loss
all through — throughout
conscience (N) — an inner sense of right or wrong
peso (N) – the currency of several Latin American countries
Lencho received only seventy pesos from the postmaster.
all-day break — at the crack of dawn/predawn
nothing less than— like
an ox of a man — very hard-working like an ox
one of the employees – କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଜଣେ
boss (N) — senior officer
laughing heartily— laughing with an open heart
amiable (Adj)— friendly and pleasant
He is an amiable young man.
fellow (N) — person
broke out laughing— laughed suddenly
commented (V) — opined
faith (N) — belief
correspondence(N) — an act of writing letters
Man cannot make correspondence with God.
in order not to shake — not to shatter (ici
came up with an idea — had a good idea
evident (Adj) — obvious, clear
stuck to — ଅଟକି ରହିବା
goodwill (N) — welfare
resolution (N) — a firm decision
Robinson Crusoe made a resolution to leave home all the first opportunity.
asked for (V) — demanded
were obliged (V) — were forced
salary (N) — monthly allowance
charity (N) — offering, donation, financial assistance
containing (V) —having
signature (N) — sign
handed (V) — gave by hand
mail (N) — post
blow (V) — knock
contentment (N) — satisfaction
The cat purred in obvious contentment.
a good deed (NP) — a good act
slight surprise (NP) — least surprise (little— less — least)
confidence (N) — self-belief, faith, trust
wrinkling (Adj) — କୁଞ୍ଚନ
caused by (V) — created by
licked (V) — pasted on the spittle
affïxed (V) — fixed properly, attached
with a blow of his fist — a strike of his grip
crooks (N) — dishonest persons/people
Nobody likes the crooks.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 The Beggar

November 13, 2023November 12, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 The Beggar Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 The Beggar

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 2 The Beggar Questions and Answers

Before You Read
Life is full of struggle. It is not a bed of roses. It is full of thorns. We have to work hard in order to survive. Survival of the fittest has become the rule of the day. Those who don’t cope with the existing system, are bound to perish. Most of the time man becomes a slave circumstance. He is crushed by the wheel of luck. We see the beggar may be the king or the king may be a beggar. But work is worship. Duty is God. Duty helps us to live.

We should not lead an easy life by begging. Hard words make us complete human beings. After all, duty plays a vital role in our survival. This story reveals that human nature that becomes more fruitful when properly guided. Rushkoff was the beggar who was begging and telling lies to people. He had adopted the means of a liar in order to beg. He had put on an old torn light brown colored overcoat. He had dull drunken eyes, and a red spot on either cheek. Sergei was the advocate who could change his life by engaging him in some manual work.

At last, it is found that the life of the beggar has changed. He has left the profession of begging. Now he is working as a notary. He has been ever grateful to the cook Sergei named Olga who has brought a great change in his life. So a vagabond beggar who was leading an indisciplined life became disciplined when he came in contact with the right circumstances. He started to lead a purposeful life, a meaningful life.

ବିଷୟ ପୂଚନ।
ଜୀବନ ସଂଘର୍ଷପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ଏହା ଗୋଲାପର ଶଯ୍ୟା ନୁହେଁ । ଏହା କଣ୍ଟକପୂଣ୍ଡି । ବଞ୍ଚିବାକୁ ହେଲେ ଆମକୁ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ । ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ୍ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ତିଷ୍ଠି ରହିବା ଆଜିକାର ନିୟମ ପାଲଟିଛି । ଯେଉଁମାନେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ପଦ୍ଧତି ସହ ଖାପ ଖୁଆଇ ଚଳିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ, ସେମାନେ ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହେବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି । ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସମୟରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ଦାସ ସାଜିଥାଏ । ସେ ଭାଗ୍ୟରୂପକ ଚକତଳେ ଚାପି ହୋଇଯାଏ । ଆମେ ଭିକାରୀ ରାଜା ପାଲଟି ଥିବାର ଓ ରାଜା ଭିକାରୀ ପାଲଟିଥିବାର ଦେଖୁଛୁ । କିନ୍ତୁ କର୍ମ ହେଉଛି ପୂଜା । କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ହିଁ ଭଗବାନ୍ ।

କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଆମର ଜୀବନଧାରଣରେ ସହାୟକ ହୁଏ । ଆମେ ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତି ଭଳି ସହଜ ଜୀବନ ଆଦରି ନେବା ଅନୁଚିତ । କଟୁ କଥା ଆମକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମଣିଷରୂପେ ଗଢ଼ି ତୋଳେ । ସର୍ବୋପରି ଆମ ତିଷ୍ଠି ରହିବାରେ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭୂମିକା ନିର୍ବାହ କରେ । ମାନବ ଚରିତ୍ର ସୁପରିଚାଳିତ ହୋଇପାରିଲେ, ସଫଳତା ଲାଭ କରେ – ଏହା ଗଳ୍ପରେ ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ ଲାଭ କରିଛି । Lushkoff ଜଣେ ଭିକ୍ଷୁକ ଯିଏକି ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ମିଛ କହି ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତି କରେ । ସେ ଏକ ଧୂସର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣର ହାଲୁକା କୋଟ୍ ପିନ୍ଧିଥିଲା । ତା’ର ଆଖିଯୋଡ଼ିକ ମାଦକତାଭରା ଆଳସ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଉଭୟ ଗାଲରେ ନାଲି ଚିହ୍ନ ଥିଲା । Sergei ଜଣେ ଓକିଲ ଥିଲେ ଯିଏକି ତାକୁ କିଛି ଶାରୀରିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ନିୟୋଜନ କରି ତା’ ଜୀବନରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆଣିପାରିଥିଲେ । ଶେଷରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଛି ଯେ ଭିକ୍ଷୁକଟିର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଛି ।

ସେ ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତି ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଛି । ଏବେ ସେ ଜଣେ ନୋଟାରୀ ଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରୁଛି । ସେ Sergeiଙ୍କର ରୋଷେୟା Olga ପ୍ରତି ଚିରକୃତଜ୍ଞ, ଯିଏକି ତା’ ଜୀବନରେ ଏକ ବିରାଟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆଣିପାରିଛନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ଏକ ବାରବୁଲ୍ ଭିକ୍ଷୁକ ଯିଏକି ବିଶୃଙ୍ଖଳିତ ଜୀବନଯାପନ କରୁଥିଲା ଯେତେବେଳେ ଠିକ୍ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ଆସିଲା । ସେତେବେଳେ ତା’ର ଜୀବନ ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳିତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ସେ ଏକ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ଅର୍ଥପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା ।

Text – I

Para: “Kind sir, have pity; turn your attention to a poor, hungry man! For three days I have had nothing to eat; I have ‘five copecks for lodging. I swear it before God. For eight years 1 was a village school teacher and then I lost my place through intrigues. It is a year now since I have had anything to do.” The advocate, Sergei, looked at the ragged, fawn-colored overcoat of the suppliant, at his dull, drunken eyes, at the red spot on either cheek, and it seemed to him as if he had seen this man somewhere before.

“I have now had an offer of a position in the province of Kaluga,” the mendicant went on. ‘But I haven’t the money to get there. Help me kindly; 1 am ashamed to ask, but -1 am obliged to by circumstances”. Sergei’s eyes fell on the man’s overshoes, one of which was high and the other low, and he suddenly remembered something. “Look here, it seems to me I met you the day before yesterday in Sadovy a Street,” he said; “but you told me then that you were a student who had been expelled, and not a village school teacher. Do you remember? ”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ‘‘ଦୟାଳୁ ମହାଶୟ, ଦୟା କରନ୍ତୁ; ଦରିଦ୍ର ଓ ଭୋକିଲା ଲୋକଟି ଉପରେ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ପକାନ୍ତୁ ! ତିନିଦିନ ହେଲା ମୋ’ର କିଛି ଖାଇବାକୁ ନାହିଁ; ଘରଭଡ଼ା ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ପାଞ୍ଚ କୋପେକ୍ସ (ଋଷୀୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା) ନାହିଁ । ମୁଁ ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଆଗରେ ଏହା ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କରି କହୁଛି । ଆଠ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ମୁଁ ଏକ ଗ୍ରାମରେ ସ୍କୁଲଶିକ୍ଷକ ଥିଲି, ତା’ପରେ କୌଣସି ଗୁପ୍ତ ଯୋଜନା ଯୋଗୁଁ ମୁଁ ମୋ ଚାକିରି ହରାଇଲି । ଏକ ବର୍ଷ ହେଲା ମୁଁ କିଛି ବି କରୁ ନାହିଁ ।’’ ଓକିଲ Sergei ଧୂସର ବର୍ଷର ଚିରା କୋଟ ପିନ୍ଧିଥିବା ବିନମ୍ର ଅନୁରୋଧ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକଟିଏ ମାଦକଭରା ଅଳସ ଆଖି ଦୁଇଟିକୁ ଦୁଇ ଗାଲରେ ଥିବା ଲାଲ୍ ଚିହ୍ନ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ଲାଗିଲା ଯେପରିକି ସେ ଏ ଲୋକଟିକୁ କେଉଁଠାରେ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଦେଖିଛନ୍ତି ।

ଭିକ୍ଷୁକଟି କହିଚାଲିଲା, ‘ଏବେ ମୋତେ Kaluga ପ୍ରଦେଶରେ ଏକ ଚାକିରି ମିଳିଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେଠାରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିବାକୁ ମୋ ପାଖରେ ଅର୍ଥ ନାହିଁ । ମୋତେ ଦୟାକରି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କର, ମୋତେ ମାଗିବାକୁ ଲଜ୍ଜା ଲାଗୁଛି, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏପରି କରିବାକୁ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ମୋତେ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରୁଛି ।’’ Sergeiଙ୍କ ଆଖ୍ ଲୋକଟିର ଜୋତା ଉପରେ ପଡ଼ିଲା, ଯାହାର କି ଗୋଟିଏ ପଟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଟଟି ନୀଚା ଥିଲା ସେ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ଦେଖ, ମୁଁ ପହରଦିନ ତୁମକୁ Sadovya ଗଳିରେ ଦେଖିଲା ପରି ଲାଗୁଛି ଏବଂ ତୁମେ କହୁଥିଲ ଯେ ତୁମେ ଜଣେ ବିତାଡ଼ିତ ଛାତ୍ର, ମାତ୍ର ଜଣେ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ନୁହେଁ । ମନେପଡ଼ୁଛି କି ?

Word Meaning / Glossary:
have pity – show kindness
attention – take notice
copeck(s) – one percent of Russian coin
swear – promise
lodging – a place of shelter
advocate – a lawyer
position – post
province – state
creature – a living being
intrigeus – secret plan
ragged – wearing old torn clothes
fawn-colored – light brown colored
suppliant – a person making a humble request
dull – uninteresting
drunken eyes – ମଦ୍ୟପ ଆଖି
offer – chance
mendicant – beggar
ashamed – feel shame
obliged – compelled morally
circumstances – situation
expel – sack

Para: “No-no, that can’t be so”, mumbled the beggar, taken aback. “I am a village school teacher, and if you like I can show you my papers”. “Have done with lying ! You called yourself a student and even told me that you had been expelled for. Don’t you remember ?” Sergei flushed and turned from the ragged creature with an expression of disgust. “This is dishonesty, my dear sir ! ” he cried angrily.

“This is swindling -1 shall send the police for you. Damn you !”‘ “Sir !” he said, laying his hand on his heart, “the fact is I was lying! I am neither a student nor a school teacher. All that was fiction. Formerly I sang in a Russian choir and was sent away for drunkenness. But what else can I do? I can’t get along without lying. No one will give me anything when I tell the truth, what can I do? ” “What can you do?

You ask what you can do ? ” cried Sergei, coming close to him, “Work! That’s what you can do! You must work !” “What-yes. I know that myself; but where can I find work ?” “How would you like to chop wood for me ?” “I wouldn’t refuse to do that, but these days even skilled wood-cutters find themselves sitting without bread.” “Will you come and chop wood for me ?” “Yes sir, I will”. “Very well; we’ll soon find out.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭିକାରୀଟି ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଚକିତ ହୋଇ ଖନେଇ ଖନେଇ କହିଲା, ‘ନା-ନା ସେପରି ହୋଇ ନ ପାରେ, ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଗ୍ରାମ୍ୟ ସ୍କୁଲ୍ ଶିକ୍ଷକ, ଆପଣ ଯଦି ଚାହାନ୍ତି ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ମୋ କାଗଚପତ୍ର ଦେଖାଇପାରେ ।’’ ‘‘ମିଛ କହିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କର ନାହିଁ ! ତୁମେ ନିଜକୁ ଜଣେ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ବୋଲି କହିଥୁଲ, ଏପରିକି ତୁମେ ବିତାଡ଼ିତ ହୋଇଥଲ ବୋଲି କହିଥିଲ । ତୁମର ମନେ ପଡ଼ୁନାହିଁ କି ? Sergei ରାଗିଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରି ଛିନ୍ନ ପୋଷାକ ପରିହିତ ଲୋକଟି ଆଡୁ ମୁହଁ ବୁଲାଇ ନେଲେ । ଏହା ଘୋର ଠକାମି – ମୁଁ ତୋତେ ପୋଲିସ୍ ହାତରେ ଧରାଇ ଦେବି ।’’ Sergei ରାଗିଯାଇ କହିଲେ । ଲୋକଟି ନିଜ ଛାତି ଉପରେ ହାତ ରଖି କହିଲା, ‘ମହାଶୟ, ମୁଁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ମିଛ କହୁଥୁଲି । ମୁଁ ଜଣେ ଛାତ୍ର କିମ୍ବା ଶିକ୍ଷକ ନୁହେଁ । ସବୁ ମନଗଢ଼ା କାହାଣୀ ଥିଲା ।

ମୁଁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଏକ ରୁଷୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଦଳରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଉଥିଲି ଏବଂ ମଦ୍ୟପପଣିଆ ଯୋଗୁଁ ତଡ଼ା ଖାଇଲି । କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ବା ଆଉ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବି ? ମିଛକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ମୁଁ ବଞ୍ଚିପାରିବିନି । ମୁଁ ସତ କହିଲେ ମୋତେ କେହି କିଛି ଦେବେ ନାହିଁ, ମୁଁ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବି ? Sergei ତା’ ପାଖକୁ ଆସି ଚିତ୍କାରକରି କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବ ? ତୁମେ ପଚାରୁଛ ଯେ ତୁମେ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବ ? କାମ, ତୁମେ କେବଳ କାମ ହିଁ କରିପାରିବ । ତୁମେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ଭାବେ କାମ କରିବ ।’’ ‘କ’ଣ ହେଲା – ହଁ ମୁଁ ଏ କଥା ନିଜେ ଜାଣିଛି; କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ କାମ କେଉଁଠି ପାଇବି ? ‘ତୁମେ ମୋ ପାଇଁ କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରିବ କି ? ‘‘ମୁଁ ଏହା କରିବାକୁ ମନା କରିବି ନାହିଁ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଜିକାଲି ଦକ୍ଷ କାଠକଟାଳୀମାନେ କାମ ନ ପାଇ ବସି ରହୁଛନ୍ତି ।’’ ‘‘ତୁମେ ମୋ ପାଇଁ କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ଆସିବ କି ? ‘‘ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ଆମେମାନେ ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ପହଞ୍ଚିଯିବା ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
was lying – was telling lies
mumble – w speak indistinctly
taken aback – became surprised
flush – to be red in anger
fact – truth
hastened – walked quickly
disgust – strong disapproval
dishonesty – not honesty
swindling – cheating a person of money
damn – curse
choir – a singing party, a melody
chop – to cut into pieces
skilled wood-cutter – କୁଶଳୀ କାଠ କଟର |

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who are the characters described in this part of the story? What are they doing?
(ଗଳ୍ପର ଏହି ଭାଗରେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ବର୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି ? ସେମାନେ କ’ଣ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
Two characters are described in this part of the story. They are the beggar and the advocate named Sergei. The beggar is begging for some money as he had gone without food for three days. Sergei finds out that the beggar is a cheat as he met him the day before yesterday in Sadovya street who was telling them quite a different thing from what he is telling now. He threatens to send the police after him. The beggar admits his guilt and Sergei offers him a job chopping wood for him. He agrees with him and they leave for Sergei’s home.

Question 2.
Which country are they from? How do you know this?
(ସେମାନେ କେଉଁ ଦେଶରୁ ଆସିଥିଲେ ? ତୁମେ କିପରି ଏହା ଜାଣିପାରୁଛ ?)
Answer:
They are from Russia. In the story, the beggar says that he does not have five copecks for lodging. Copeck is a Russian currency. Sergei says that he met the beggar on Sadovya street which is a street in Russia. The beggar also admits that he was lying and he formerly sang in a Russian choir. From these statements, we come to know that they are from Russia.

Question 3.
What does the beggar look like?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି କିପରି ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି ?)
Answer:
The beggar looks poor and hungry. He is wearing a tom fawn-colored overcoat. He has dull and drunken eyes and has red spots on his either cheeks with a pair of shoes, one high and the other low.

Question 4.
Did Sergei get angry with the beggar? Why?
(Sergei ଭିକାରୀ ଉପରେ ରାଗିଲେ କି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Yes, Sergei got angry with the beggar because the beggar repeatedly told a lie that he was a village school teacher for eight years, and he had lost the job for one year, so he was begging to reach the place where he had got a job. But Sergei remembered that the day before yesterday he met him in Sadovya street where he was telling him that he was an expelled student.

Question 5.
Do you think the beggar was lying? What made him tell lies?
(ଭିକାରୀଟି ମିଛ କହୁଥିଲା ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ? କଣ ପାଇଁ ସେ ମିଛ କହୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Yes, the beggar was lying. He was a drunkard and became physically weak. He was unwilling to work. So, to make his living he was telling lies. He knew well that he would get nothing from others by telling the truth.

Question 6.
Did Sergei help the beggar to find work? What kind of work did he suggest for the beggar?
(Sergei ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ କିଛି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କଲେ କି ? କେଉଁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
Yes, Sergei helped the beggar to find some work. He suggested that the beggar would chop wood for him in his wood shed.

Question 7.
The advocate asked the beggar to do hard work like chopping wood. Was it a punishment or help?
(କାଠ କାଟିବା ଭଳି କଠିନ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଓକିଲ ଭିକାରୀଜଣଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ । ଏହା ଏକ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଥିଲା ନା ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The advocate asked the beggar to do hard work like chopping wood. It was a help because he wanted him to survive by straggling hard. He wanted him to understand the meaning of work and labor. As a result, the beggar could keep himself away from a dirty job like begging.

Question 8.
Do you think the beggar would give up begging and work for Sergei?
(ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ଭିକାରୀଟି ତା’ର ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତି ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଥ‌ିବ ଏବଂ Sergeiଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କାମ କରିଥ‌ିବ ?)
Answer:
Yes, I think that the beggar would give up begging and work for Sergei.

TEXT – II

Para: Sergei hastened along, rubbing his hands, he called his cook out of the kitchen. “Here, Olga,” he said, “take this gentleman into the woodshed and let him chop, wood. The scarecrow of a beggar shrugged his shoulders, as if in perplexity, and went irresolutely after the cook. It was obvious from his gait that he had not consented to go and chop wood because he was hungry and wanted work, but simply from pride and shame and because he had been trapped by his own words. It was obvious too that his strength had been undermined by vodka and that he was unhealthy and did not feel the slightest inclination for toil.

ଅନୁବାଦ : Sergei ହାତ ମଳିମଳି ତରବର ହୋଇ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ରୋଷେୟାକୁ ରୋଷେଇ ଘର ବାହାରକୁ ଡାକିଲେ । ସେ କହିଲେ, ‘ହେ Olga, ଏହି ଭଦ୍ରବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ କାଠଗୋଲାକୁ ନେଇଯାଅ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କୁ କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ଦିଅ । ପାଳଭୂତ ପରି ଦେଖା ଯାଉଥିବା ଭିକାରୀଟି ଦ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ପଡ଼ିଗଲା ଭଳି ସ୍କନ୍ଧ ଉତ୍ତୋଳନ କଲା ଏବଂ ଅନିଚ୍ଛା ସତ୍ତ୍ଵେ ରୋଷେୟା ପଛେ ପଛେ ଗଲା । ତା’ ଚାଲିବା ଢଙ୍ଗରୁ ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହେଉଥିଲା ଯେ ସେ ଭୋକିଲା ଥ‌ିବାରୁ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥ‌ିବାରୁ କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ଯାଉ ନ ଥିଲା, ମାତ୍ର ଲଜ୍ଜା, ଅହଂକାର ଓ ନିଜ କଥାରେ ଛନ୍ଦି ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିବାରୁ କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲା । ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟରୂପେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ୁଥିଲା ଯେ ଭୋଡ଼କା ପାନ ଯୋଗୁଁ ତା’ର ବଳ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଛି ଓ ସେ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି ଏବଂ ଶ୍ରମ ପ୍ରତି ତା’ର ତିଳେମାତ୍ର ଆଗ୍ରହ ନାହିଁ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
hastened – quickened
rubbing – moving hands backward and forwards over something
scarecrow – (here) very thin like a scarecrow
shrugged – lifted lightly
shoulder – two parts of our body between the back
perplexity – puzzle, entangle
irresolutely – lack of eagerness
obvious – clear
gait – manner of walking
consent – to agree with
the cook – a person who cooks and serves food
chop wood – cut the wood into pieces
vodka – a strong clear alcoholic drink
slightest – very small quantity
shame – ଲଜ୍ଜା
trapped – caught
undermined – damaged or weakened
unhealthy – not healthy
inclination – desire
toil – labor

Para: Sergei hurried into the dining room. From its windows, one could see the woodshed and everything that went on in the yard. Standing at the window, Sergei saw the cook and the beggar come out into the yard by the back door and make their way across the dirty snow to the shed. Olga glared wrathfully at her companion, shoved him aside with her elbow, unlocked the shed, and angrily banged the door. Next, he saw the pseudo-teacher scat himself on a log and become lost in thought with his red cheeks resting on his fists.

The woman flung down an axe at his feet, spat angrily, and judging from the expression on her lips, began to scold him. The beggar irresolutely pulled a billet of wood towards him, set it up between his feet, and tapped it feebly with the axe. The billet wavered and fell down. The beggar again pulled it to him, blew on his freezing hands, and tapped it with his axe cautiously, as if afraid of hitting his overshoe or cutting his finger; the stick of wood again fell to the ground.

ଅନୁବାଦ : Sergei ତରବର ହୋଇ ଭୋଜନକକ୍ଷ ଭିତରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲେ । ଏହି ଘରର ଝରକା ନିକଟରୁ ଜଣେ କାଠଗୋଲା ଏବଂ ଅଗଣାରେ କ’ଣସବୁ ହେଉଛି ଦେଖି ହେଉଥିଲା । ଝରକା ପାଖରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇ Sergei ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ରୋଷେୟା ଏବଂ ଭିକାରୀ ପଛଦ୍ଵାର ଦେଇ ଅଗଣା ଭିତରକୁ ଆସିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅସନା ବରଫ ଉପର ଦେଇ ଗୋଲା ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲେ । Olga ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ ରାଗରେ କଟମଟ୍ କରି ଚାହିଁଲା ଏବଂ କହୁଣୀରେ ତାକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ କଡ଼କୁ ପେଲିଦେଲା, ତା’ପରେ ସେ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ଯେ ପ୍ରବଞ୍ଚକ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଜଣକ ନିଜକୁ କାଠଗଡ଼ଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରଖି ହାତରେ ରକ୍ତିମ ଗାଲ ଦୁଇଟିକୁ ଧରି ଚିନ୍ତାରେ ବୁଡ଼ିଗଲେ । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଲୋକଟି ତା’ ପାଦତଳେ ଏକ କୁରାଢ଼ି ପକାଇ ଦେଲା, ରାଗରେ ଛେପ ପକାଇଲା, ତା’ ପାଟିରୁ କେବଳ ଗାଳି ବାହାରିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା ।

ଭିକାରୀଟି ଅନିଚ୍ଛୁକ ଭାବେ ଏକ ମୋଟା କାଠ ନିଜ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଟାଣି ଆଣିଲା, ତା’ ଗୋଡ଼ ପାଖରେ ତାକୁ ସିଧାକରି ରଖିଲା ଓ ଥରଥର ହାତରେ କୁରାଢ଼ୀରେ ହାଣିଲା । କାଠଖଣ୍ଡଟି ବୁଲିଗଲା ଓ ତଳକୁ ଗଳିପଡ଼ିଲା । ଭିକାରୀ ପୁଣି କାଠଟିକୁ ନିଜ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଟାଣି ଆଣିଲା, ତା’ କୋଲ ମାରିଯାଉଥବା ହାତରେ ସିଧା କଲା ଏବଂ ଜୋତା କିମ୍ବା ଆଙ୍ଗୁଳି କଟିଯିବା ଭୟରେ ସତର୍କତାର ସହ କୁରାଢ଼ିରେ ହାଣିଲା । ଏଥର ମଧ୍ୟ କାଠଟି ଭୂମିରେ ଗଳି ପଡ଼ିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
hurried – ran more quickly
glared – stared angrily
wrathfully – angrily
companion – a person with whom one travels or spends time
shoved – pushed çarelessly
elbow – the part in the middle of the arm
unlocked – opened
banged – put down forcefully
scat – imitative
flung down – ତଳକୁ ଖସିଗଲା |
spat angrily – କ୍ରୋଧରେ ଛେପ ପକାନ୍ତୁ |
scold – rebuke
billet – a thick piece of wood
setup – make arrangement
tapped – struck with a quick blow
feebly. – weakly
wavered – skidded
pulled – ଟାଣିଲା |
freezing hands – trembling hands
cautiously – with caution

Para: Sergei’s anger had vanished and he now began to feel a little sorry and ashamed of himself for having set a spoiled, drunken perhaps sick man to work at menial labor in the cold. An hour later Olga came in and announced that the wood had all been chopped. “Good! Give him ha If a rouble, “said Sergei. ‘7f he wants to he can come back and cut wood on the first day of each month. We can always find work for him”.

On the first of the month, the waif made his appearance and again earned half a rouble, although he could barely stand on his legs. From that day on he often appeared in the yard and every time work was found for him. Now he would shovel snow, now put the woodshed in order; now beat the dust out of rugs and mattresses. Every time he received from twenty w forty copecks. and once, even a pair of old trousers was sent out to him.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏବେ Sergeiଙ୍କ ରାଗ ଉଭେଇଗଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ମଦ୍ୟପ ଓ ଅସୁସ୍ତ ଲୋକଟିକୁ ଘଣ୍ଟାକ ପରେ Olga ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ କାଠ କଟା ସରିଥିବା କଥା କହିଲା । Sergei କହିଲେ, ‘‘ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ତାକୁ ଅଧ ରୁବଲ୍ ଦିଅ । ଯଦି ସେ ଚାହିଁବ ତେବେ ପ୍ରତି ମାସର ପ୍ରଥମ ଦିନ ଆସି କାଠ କାଟିପାରିବ । ଆମେ ତାକୁ ସବୁଦିନେ କାମ ଯୋଗାଇଦେବା ।’’ ମାସର ପ୍ରଥମ ଦିନ ବାସହରା ମଣିଷଟି ପୁଣି ଆସିଲା ଓ ଅଧ ରୁବଲ୍ ଅର୍ଜନ କଲା, ଯଦିଓ ସେ ତା’ ପାଦରେ କଷ୍ଟେ ମଷ୍ଟେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ସେହି ଦିନଠାରୁ ସେ ପ୍ରାୟ ସବୁବେଳେ ଅଗଣାକୁ ଆସୁଥିଲା ଓ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଥର କାମ ପାଇଯାଉଥିଲା । ଏବେ ସେ ବରଫ ସଫା କରୁଥିଲା, କାଠଗୋଲାକୁ ସଜାଡ଼ୁଥୁଲା, ଗାଲିଚା ଓ ଗଦିରୁ ଧୂଳି ଝାଡ଼ୁଥୁଲା । ପ୍ରତିଥର ସେ ୨୦ରୁ ୩୦ କୋପେକ୍ସ ପାଉଥିଲା । ଏପରିକି ତାକୁ ଦୁଇହଳ ଟ୍ରାଉଜର ମିଳିଥିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
vanished – disappeared
spoiled – ruined
menial labor – physical work
announced – declared
waif – a homeiss person
appeared – came into sight
shovel – remove snow with a shovél
rugs – small carpet or thick woolen blanket
mattress – a flat pad

Para: When Sergei moved into another house he hired him to help in the packing and hauling of the furniture. This time the waif was sober, gloomy, and silent, he hardly touched the furniture and walked behind the wagons hanging his head, not even making a pretense busy. He only shivered in the cold and became embarrassed and his tattered, fancy overcoat, after the move was over Sergei sent for him. “Well, lam happy that my words have taken effect,” he said handing him a rouble. “Here ‘for your pains. I see you are sober and have no objection to working.

What is your name ?”Lushkojf”. “Well, Lushkojf, 1 can now offer you some other, cleaner employment. Can you write ?”lean” Then take this letter to a friend of mine tomorrow and you will be given some copying to do. Work hard, don’t drink, and remember what I have said to you. Goodbye! Pleased at having put a man on the right path, Sergei tapped Lushkojf kindly on the shoulder and even gave him his hand at parting. Lushkojf took the letter, and from that day forth came no more to the yard for work.

ଅନୁବାଦ : Sergei ଯେତେବେଳେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଘରକୁ ଗଲେ ସେ ତାକୁ ଜିନିଷପତ୍ର ବାନ୍ଧିବାକୁ ଓ କାଠ ଜିନିଷ ବୋହିବାକୁ ଡକାଇଲେ । ଏଥରକ ବାସହରା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଟି ଭ୍ରଦ, ବିଷଣ୍ଣ ଏବଂ ନୀରବ ଥିଲା । ସେ କୌଣସି କାଠ ଜିନିଷ ଛୁଇଁ ନ ଥିଲା, ଗାଡ଼ି ପଛେ ପଛେ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ଝୁଙ୍କାଇ ଚାଲୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତଥିବା ଭଳି ଅଭିନୟ ମଧ୍ୟ କରୁ ନ ଥିଲା । ସେ କେବଳ ଦୟନୀୟ ଭାବେ ଥଣ୍ଡାରେ ଥରୁଥୁଲା ଓ ନିଜକୁ ଅସଞ୍ଜତ ମନେ କରୁଥିଲା । ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମାପ୍ତି ପରେ Sergei ତାକୁ ଡକାଇ ପଠାଇଲେ । ସେ ତାକୁ ଏକ ରୁବଲ୍ ଧରାଇ ଦେଇ କହିଲେ, ‘ଏହା ତୁମର ପାରିଶ୍ରମିକ । ମୁଁ ଖୁବ୍ ଖୁସି ଯେ ମୋ କଥାଗୁଡ଼ିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ହୋଇପାରିଛି । ମୁଁ ଦେଖୁଛି ଯେ ତୁମେ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଦ୍ର ହୋଇଯାଇଛି ଏବଂ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ଦ୍ବିଧାବୋଧ କରୁନାହଁ । ତୁମର ନାଁ କ’ଣ ?
“Lushkoff “ ଆଚ୍ଛା Lushkoff, ମୁଁ ଏବେ ତୁମକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ଉନ୍ନତତର ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ଦେଇପାରେ, ତୁମେ ଲେଖିପାରିବ ‘ହଁ, ମୁଁ ପାରିବି ।” ‘‘ତେବେ ଏ ଚିଠିଟିକୁ ମୋର ଜଣେ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ନେଇଯାଅ ଏବଂ ସେ ତୁମକୁ କିଛି ନକଲ କରିବା କାମ ଦେବେ । କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କର, ମଦ୍ୟପାନ କର ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ଯାହା ତୁମକୁ କହିଲି ଭଲଭାବେ ମନେରଖ । ଶୁଭ ବିଦାୟ ।’’ ଜଣେ ଲୋକକୁ ଠିକ୍ ରାସ୍ତାକୁ ଆଣିଥ‌ିବାରୁ Sergei ଖୁସି ହୋଇଯାଇ Lushkoff କାନ୍ଧ ଥାପୁଡ଼ାଇ ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ବିଦାୟ ନେବା ସମୟରେ କରମର୍ଦ୍ଦନ ମଧ୍ୟ କଲେ । Lushkoff ଚିଠିଟି ନେଲା । ସେଇ ଦିନଠାରୁ ସେ ଆଉ କେବେ କାମପାଇଁ ଅଗଣାକୁ ଆସି ନ ଥିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
packing – ପ୍ୟାକିଂ
hauling – pull or drag with force
sober – thoughtful or serious
gloomy – feeling depression
pretense – ଛଳନା
shivered – trembled
embarrass – feeling ashamed
tattered – (here) in poor condition
objection – complain
pains – an unpleasant feeling
employment – the position of having a paid job
tapped – hit lightly

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
What is this part of the story about? Did Luskhoff agree to chop wood for Sergei?
(ଗଳ୍ପଟିର ଏହି ଭାଗର ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ କ’ଣ ଅଟେ ? Sergeiଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କାଠ ଚିରିବାକୁ Luskhoff ରାଜି ହେଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
This part of the story describes how Sergei, an advocate put Lushkoff, the beggar on the right path. From a drunkard beggar, Lushkoff becomes sober, sloomy, and silent. Lushkoff agreed to chop wood for Sergei.

Question 2.
What did Sergei see from the window of the dining room?
(ଭୋଜନ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠର ଝରକାରୁ Sergei କ’ଣ ଦେଖିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Sergei saw from the window of the dining room that the cook and the beggar came out into the yard by the back door. They made their way across the dirty snow to the shed. Olga, the cook stared angrily at the beggar, pushed him carelessly to a side, opened the shed, and closed the door angrily. Sergei saw the beggar getting lost in thought and trying to tap the log with an axe with his freezing hands.

Question 3.
What other work did Luskhoff have to do besides chopping?
(କାଠ ଚିରିବା ସହିତ Luskhoff ଆଉ କ’ଣସବୁ କାମ କରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Besides chopping wood, he would shovel snow, put the woodshed in order, and beat the dust out of rugs and mattresses. Sergei also hired Lushkoff to help him in packing and hauling the furniture, when he shifted into another room. Finally, he carried a letter from Sergei to one of Sergei’s friends to get some cleaner employment.

Question 4.
What kind of person was Sergei, kind/cruel? How do you know this?
(Sergei କେଉଁଭଳି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଥିଲେ, ଦୟାଳୁ ନା ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ? ତୁମେ ଏହା କିପରି ଜାଣୁଛ ?)
Answer:
Sergei was a kind-hearted person because he wanted Lushkoff to be engaged in some manual work instead of begging. When Sergei came to know that Lushkoff knew writing, he offered him some cleaner employment by sending a letter to one of his friends.

Question 5.
Sergei said, “Well, I am happy that my words have taken effect.” Why did Sergei say so? Is he right in saying this?
(Sergei କହିଲେ ‘‘ମୋ କଥା ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ମୁଁ ଖୁସି ।’’ Sergei ଏକଥା କ’ଣ ପାଇଁ କହିଲେ ? ସେ ଏପରି କହିବା ଠିକ୍ ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
Sergei said so because he saw a great change in the attitude of that beggar. He has been sober, simple, gloomy, and silent. He has no objection in work. He succeeded in turning a beggar into a laborious man.

Question 6.
Did Lushkoff know reading and writing? What did Sergei want Lushkoff to do for earning money?
(Lushkoffପବା ଏବଂ ଲେଖିବା ଜାଣିଥିଲେ କି? Lushkoff ଟଙ୍କା ରୋଜଗାର କରିବା ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ Sergei ଚାହିଁଲେ ?)
Answer:
Yes, Lushkoff knew reading and writing. Sergei wanted Lushkoff to be engaged in some other cleaner employment for earning money. So he sent him to one of his friends with a letter, who would give him some copying work to do.

Question 7.
Do you expect that Lushkoff will get a better job and he won’t come to Sergei for chopping wood?
(ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି Lushkoff ଗୋଟିଏ ଭଲ ଚାକିରି/ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ପାଇଯିବ ଏବଂ ସେ Sergeiଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ କାଠ ଚିରିବା ପାଇଁ ଆଉ ଆସିବ ନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
Yes, I think Lushkoff will get a better job and he won’t come to Sergei for chopping wood because after doing the job of copying, his writing skill would be developed and he would get further better engagement.

TEXT – III

Para: Two years went by. Then one evening, as Sergei was standing at the ticket window of a theatre paying for his seat, he noticed a little man beside him with a coat collar of curly fur and a worn sealskin cap. This little individual timidly asked the ticket seller for a seat in the gallery and paid for it in copper coins. “Lushkoff, is that you ? ” cried Sergei, recognizing in the little man his former wood chopper. “How are you? What are you doing? How is everything with you ?” “All right. I am a notary now and am paid thirty-five roubles a month”.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଦୁଇ ବର୍ଷ ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଦିନେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାବେଳେ Sergei ଏକ ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷାଳୟର ଟିକଟ କାଉଣ୍ଟର ନିକଟରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ କୋଟ୍ ଏବଂ ଟୋପି ପରିହିତ ଜଣେ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରକାୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ସେହି କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରକାୟ ଭଦ୍ରବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଟି ଟିକଟ ବିକ୍ରୟକାରୀଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଗ୍ୟାଲେରୀ ସିଟ୍ ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ଶାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ କହିଲେ ଓ ଏଥ‌ିପାଇଁ କିଛି ତାମ୍ରମୁଦ୍ରା ଦେଲେ । Sergei ସେହି କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରକାୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଚିହ୍ନିପାରିଲେ ଯିଏକି ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ କାଠ ଚିରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ଚିତ୍କାର କରି କହିଲେ, ‘‘ତୁମେ କ’ଣ Lushkoff ? ତୁମେ କିପରି ଅଛ ? ତୁମେ କ’ଣ କରୁଛ ? ତୁମର ସବୁ ଠିକ୍‌ଠାକ୍ ଚାଲିଛି ?” ‘ହଁ ସବୁ ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି । ମୁଁ ଏବେ ଜଣେ notary ଭାବେ କାମ କରୁଛି ଏବଂ ମାସିକ ୩୫ ରୁବଲ୍ ଦରମା ପାଉଛି ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
timidly – (here) politely
recognize – identify
went by – passed
sealskin cap – the cap made of sealskin

Para: “Thank Heaven! That’s fine! I am delighted for your sake. I am very, very glad, Lushkoff. You see, you are my godson, in a sense. I gave you a push along the right path, you know. Do you remember what a roasting I gave you? I nearly had you sinking into the ground at my feet that day. Thank you, old man, for not forgetting my words”. “Thank you, too”, said Lushkoff. “If I hadn’t come to you then I might still have been calling myself a teacher or a student to this day.

Yes, by flying to your protraction I dragged myself out of a pit.”I am very glad, indeed.” “Thank you for your kind words and deeds. I am very grateful to you and to your cook. God bless that good and noble woman! You spoke finely then, and I shall be indebted to you to my dying day, but, strictly speaking, it was your cook, Olga, who saved me. “How is that ?”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ‘‘ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ, ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ହେଲା । ମୁଁ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ଖୁବ୍ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ । Lushkoff, ମୁଁ ବହୁତ ଖୁସି । ଗୋଟିଏ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ତୁମେ ମୋର ଧରମ ପୁଅ । ତୁମେ ତ ଜାଣ ଯେ ମୁଁ ତୁମକୁ ଠିକ୍ ବାଟକୁ ଆଣିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲି । ତୁମର ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ପାଇଁ ମୁଁ କ’ଣସବୁ ଯୋଜନା କରିଥିଲି, ତୁମର ମନେ ଅଛି କି ? ସେଦିନ ତୁମେ ମୋ ପାଦତଳେ ପଡ଼ିଯିବା ଭଳି ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥିଲ । ମୋ କଥାକୁ ଭୁଲି ନ ଥିବାରୁ ତୁମକୁ ଅଶେଷ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ।’’ Lushkoff କହିଲା, ‘ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ । ଯଦି ମୁଁ ତୁମ ନିକଟକୁ ଯାଇ ନ ଥା’ନ୍ତି ତେବେ ସେଦିନଠାରୁ ଆଜିଯାଏ ମୁଁ ନିଜକୁ ଶିକ୍ଷକ କିମ୍ବା ଛାତ୍ର ବୋଲି କହିକହି ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତି କରୁଥା’ନ୍ତି ।

ହଁ, ଆପଣଙ୍କର ଉଚିତ ଦିଗ୍‌ଦର୍ଶନଦ୍ୱାରା ମୁଁ ଆଜି ନିଜକୁ ଉନ୍ନତ କରିପାରିଛି ।’’ ‘ବାସ୍ତବରେ ମୁଁ ଖୁବ୍ ଖୁସି ।’’ “ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ମହତ୍ କଥା ଖୁବ୍‌ କୃତଜ୍ଞ । ଭଗବାନ୍ ସେହି ଉତ୍ତମ ଭଦ୍ର କହିଥିଲେ ଏଣୁ ମୋର ସେହି ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିନରେ ରୋଷେୟା ହିଁ ମୋତେ ରକ୍ଷା କରିଥିଲା ।’’ “elas?” ଓ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ । ମୁଁ ଆପଣ ଓ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ରୋଷେୟା ନିକଟରେ ମହିଳାଙ୍କୁ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ କରନ୍ତୁ । ଆପଣ ସେତେବେଳେ କରୁଣାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କଥା ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ଋଣୀ । କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କହିବାକୁ ଗଲେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ତାହା କିପରି?

Word Meaning / Glossary:
delighted – felt happy
glad – happy
push – opposite of pull
path – way
roasting – (here) a plan
sink – to go down the water
protraction – ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ
drag – ଡ୍ରାଗ୍
pit – ଗର୍ତ୍ତ
indebted – grateful
noble woman – ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ମହିଳା

Para: “When I used to come to your house to chop wood, she used to begin, “Oh, you sot, you! Oh, you miserable creature! There’s nothing for you but ruin.” And then she would sit down opposite me and grow sad, look into my face and weep. “Oh, you unlucky man! There is no pleasure for you in this world and there will be none in the world to come. You are a drunkard! You will burn in hell. Oh, you unlucky man! Oh, you unhappy one! And so she would carry on, you know, in that strain. 1 can’t tell you how- much misery she suffered.

How many tears she shed for my sake! But the chief thing was – she used to chop the wood for me. Do you know, sir, that I did not chop one single stick of wood for you? She did it all. Why this saved me, Why I changed, why I stopped drinking at the sight of her I cannot explain. I only know that owing to her words and noble deeds, a change took place in my heart; she set me right and I shall never forget it. However, it is time to go now; there goes the bell”. Lushkoff bowed and departed to the gallery.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ‘‘ମୁଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଘରକୁ କାଠ ଚିରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲି, ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ କହୁଥିଲେ, ତୁମେ ଗୋଟାଏ ମଦ୍ୟପ, ତୁମେ ଏକ ଅସହାୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ନଷ୍ଟ ହେବା ଛଡ଼ା ଆଉ କିଛି ନାହିଁ ।’’ ତା’ପରେ ସେ ମୋ ସାମନାରେ ଦୁଃଖରେ ବସି ପଡ଼ୁଥୁଲା ଓ ମୋ ମୁହଁକୁ ଚାହିଁ କାନ୍ଦୁଥିଲା । ତା’ପରେ ପୁଣି କହୁଥିଲା, ‘ତୁମେ ଅସହାୟ ! ଏ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ଆନନ୍ଦ ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ତୁମର କିଛି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେବାର ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ମଦ୍ୟପ ! ତୁମେ ନର୍କରେ ଜଳିପୋଡ଼ି ମରିବ । ହେ ହତଭାଗା, ହେ ଚିରଦୁଃଖୀ ମଣିଷ ! ଏହିପରି ସେହି ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିନ ସମୟରେ ସେ କହି ଚାଲୁଥିଲେ । ସେ କେତେ କଷ୍ଟ ସହିଛନ୍ତି, ତାହା ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ କହିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ । ମୋ ପାଇଁ ସେ କେତେ ଲୁହ ଝରାଇଛନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କଥା ହେଲା ସେ ମୋ ପାଇଁ କାଠ ଚିରି ଦେଉଥିଲେ ।

ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଖଣ୍ଡିଏ ହେଲେ କାଠ ଚିରି ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ଆପଣ ଜାଣନ୍ତି କି ? ସେ ସବୁତକ ଚିରୁଥିଲା । ଏହା କାହିଁକି ମୋତେ ରକ୍ଷା କଲା, ମୋର କାହିଁକି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଲା; ମୁଁ କାହିଁକି ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖୁ ଦେଖୁ ମଦ ପିଇବା ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲି, ସେ କଥା ମୁଁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ । ମୁଁ କେବଳ ଏତିକି ଜାଣିଛି ଯେ ତାଙ୍କର ସେ କଥା ଓ ମହତ କାମ ପାଇଁ ମୋ ହୃଦୟରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆସିଲା । ସେ ମୋତେ ଠିକ୍ ବାଟକୁ ଆଣିପାରିଲେ, ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ କେବେହେଲେ ଭୁଲିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ । ଯାହାହେଉ ଘଣ୍ଟି ବାଜିଲାଣି, ଏବେ ଯିବାବେଳ ହୋଇଗଲାଣି । Lushkoff ନମସ୍କାର ଜଣାଇ ଗ୍ୟାଲେରୀ ଭିତରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
sot – a habitual drunkard
miserable creature – ଦୁଃଖୀ ପ୍ରାଣୀ
ruin – a downfall
weep – cry
strain – burden
bowed – respected by bringing one’s head
departed – 1eft

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
When and where did Sergei meet Lushkoff? How was Lushkoff dressed?
(କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ Sergei Lushkoffଙ୍କୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ କଲେ ? Lushkoff କିପରି ପୋଷାକ ପରିଧାନ କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
After two years one evening, Sergei met Lushkoff at the ticket window of a theatre paying for his seat. He was dressed with a coat collar of curly fur and a worn sealskin cap.

Question 2.
What work did Lushkoff do then? How much salary did he get every month?
(ସେହି ସମୟରେ Lushkoff କ’ଣ କରୁଥିଲା ? ସେ ପ୍ରତି ମାସରେ କେତେ ଦରମା ପାଉଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Lushkoff did the job of a notary then. He was paid thirty-five roubles per month.

Question 3.
Did Sergei become happy with the beggar in a different form? How do you know this?
(ଭିକାରୀଟିକୁ ଏକ ଭିନ୍ନ ରୂପରେ ଦେଖିଲା ପରେ Sergei ଖୁସି ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲେ କି ? ତୁମେ ଏହା କିପରି ଜାଣୁଛ ?)
Answer:
Yes, Sergei became happy to see the beggar in a different form. We know this from the statements Sergei told Lushkoff: “I am delighted for your sake. I am very, very glad. You are my godson. I gave you a push along the right path.”

Question 4.
Was Lushkoff very grateful to Sergei? Which statements say so?
(Lushkoff Sergeiଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ଗଭୀରଭାବେ କୃତଜ୍ଞ ଥିଲା କି ? କେଉଁ ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ଏହା ଜଣାପଡ଼ୁଛି ?)
Answer:
Yes, Rushkoff was very grateful to Sergei. The following statements say so. “Thank you for your kind words and deeds. I am very grateful to you and to your cook. God bless that good and noble woman. You spoke finely then and I shall be indebted to you for my dying day.”

Question 5.
Who really saved and changed the beggar’s life and how?
(କିଏ ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଭିକାରୀଟିର ଜୀବନକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଥିଲା ଏବଂ କିପରି ?)
Answer:
It was Sergei’s cook, Ogla, who really saved and changed the beggar’s life. In the wood shed, the beggar was unable to chop wood. Olga chopped wood for the beggar. She repeatedly cursed him for his drunkenness. She sat down opposite him, looked into his face, and wept. She told that there was no pleasure for him in this world. There would be none in the world to come to help him. Due to Olga’s sympathetic words and noble deeds a great change took place in Lushkoff.

Question 6.
What made the beggar stop drinking?
(କାରୀ କଣ ପାଇଁ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
The beggar stopped drinking owing to Olga’s words and noble deeds. She wept bitterly for him. She called him as miserable creature and an unfortunate man. She warned him about the dreadful result of drinking. This made the beggar stop drinking.

Question 7.
Which character in the story do you like the most? Support your answer with suitable reasons?
(ଗଳ୍ପରେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରଟି ତୁମକୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ଭଲ ଲାଗୁଛି ? ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ କାରଣ ଦର୍ଶାଇ ନିଜ ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ସମର୍ଥନ କର ।)
Answer:
Sergei’s cook Ogla is the character whom we like the most. Because she became very much concerned with the problems of the beggar. She wept for him. She even used to chop the wood for him. She tried her best to bring a complete change in him. He had given up drinking owing to her words and noble deeds. So she could bring a great change in his life. He came to the right path.

D. WRITING

Answer the following questions in fifty words.
(ପଚାଶଟି ଶବ୍ଦରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
Who were Sergei and Lushkoff. Describe their first meeting?
(Sergei ଏବଂ Lushkoff କିଏ ଥିଲେ ? ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ସାକ୍ଷାତ ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)
Answer:
Sergei was an advocate and Lushkoff was a beggar. Sergei met Lushkoff, when he was begging by telling him that he was a village school teacher for eight years and had lost his job for one year. So being jobless he has nothing to eat and no money for lodging. So he requested people to have pity on him. He also requested Sergei to help him with some money as he had an offer of a post in the province of Kaluga, but he had no money to reach there.

But it seemed to Sergei as if he had seen that beggar somewhere before. When his eyes fell on the beggar’s overshoes, he remembered that he had met him the day before yesterday in Sadovya street, who was begging there telling him that he was an expelled student.

Question 2.
Did Lushkoff become a beggar by circumstances or by choice? What reasons did the beggar give Sergei for telling lies?
(ପରିସ୍ଥିତି କିମ୍ବା ପସନ୍ଦLushkoff ଭିକାରୀ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ? ସେ Sergeiଙ୍କୁ ମିଛ କହିବାର କାରଣ କଣ ବୋଲି କହିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Lushkoff became a beggar of circumstances. Formerly he sang in a Russian choir. He lost his job for drunkenness. Since then he had earned his living by begging. He told Sergei that he was compelled to tell lies. Because no one would give him anything if he would tell the truth. He also did not find any work to do by which he could earn his living.

Question 3.
Why did Lushkoff agree to chop wood? What were the other things Lushkoff had to do?
(Lushkoff କାହିଁକି କାଠ କାଟିବାକୁ ରାଜି ହେଲେ? Lushkoff ଅନ୍ୟ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିଲା |
Answer:
Rushkoff agreed to chop wood because he was trapped by his own words. He did not agree to chop wood because he was hungry and wanted work, but simply pride and shame compelled him to do so. He even did not have the slightest inclination for labor. Besides, chopping wood, Lushkoff did some other things. He had to shovel snow, put the woodshed in order, and beat the dust out of rugs and mattresses. Even he helped Sergei in the packing and hauling of the furniture when Sergei moved into another house.

Question 4.
Collect information about Sergei’s cook and write a short paragraph.
(Sergeiଙ୍କର ରୋଷେୟାଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ତଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରି ଏକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଲେଖ ।)
Answer:
Olga was Sergei’s cook who was a kind-hearted lady. She was sympathetic towards Lushkoff and chopped all the wood for him in Sergei’s wood shed. She told him that there was nothing for him but ruin. She looked into his face and wept. She also told him that there was no pleasure for him in this world. There would be none in the world to come for him. She referred to him as a drunkard who would bum in hell. She could change her attitude toward Lushkoff through her words and noble deeds. For her, Lushkoff gave up drinking and set on the right path. Strictly speaking, she was the only person who saved Lushkoff from being mined.

Question 5.
What made the beggar change his way of life?
(ଭିକାରୀଟିର ଜୀବନଧାରା କେଉଁଥ୍‌ପାଇଁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Olga’s words and deeds made the beggar change his way of life. Ogla told Lushkoff, the beggar that there was nothing for him but min. She sat down opposite him and looked into his face and wept. She persuaded Lushkoff not to drink wine. She even used to chop the wood for Lushkoff. So her soothing words and noble deeds changed his heart and he stopped drinking. Then his lifestyle began to change.

Question 6.
Which character do you like the most and why?
(ତୁମେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରଟିକୁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଭଲ ପାଉଛ ଏବଂ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
I like Olga the most. She was a cook of Sergei. Sergei sent Olga with Lushkoff to the wood shed to chop wood. It was Olga who changed the attitude of Lushkoff, the drunkard. She felt deep sorrow for Lushkoff’s miserable health condition. She even did not hesitate to chop wood for him. She was a kind-hearted lady with a compassionate attitude. She helped Lushkoff to such an extent that Lushkoff was compelled to change his mind and stopped drinking. Henceforth he began to lead a life with dignity.

Question 7.
Write a short paragraph suggesting some ways for abolishing the practice of begging in our country.
(ଆମ ଦେଶରେ ଭିକ୍ଷାବୃତ୍ତିକୁ ଉଚ୍ଛେଦ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କେତେକ ଉପାୟ ପରସ୍ତାବ ଦେଇ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦଟିଏ ଲେଖ ।)
Answer:
Begging is an embarrassing profession. This practice hampers the dignity of the country. It is a major problem in our country nowadays. Some people think it is easy to make living. So we find beggars in large numbers in streets, in front of the temples, and in other places. So the practice of begging should be abolished. Government should take some steps to settle the professional beggars. They should be engaged in some constructive activities. They should be taught about the dignity of labor. All of us should be conscious of this problem and try our best to change our attitude.

E. ACTIVITY

Activity – I
Read the following statements and write the names of the persons who said the statements in the blank spaces provided.
(ନିମ୍ନ ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ଏହି ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ କିଏ କହିଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନରେ ଲେଖ ।)
(a) She set me right and I shall never forget it.
(b) For three days I have had nothing to eat.
(c) I only know that owing to her words and noble needs, a change took place in my heart.
(d) I shall send the police for you.
(e) Well, ¡ am happy that my words have taken effect. ___________
(f) Help me kindly: I am ashamed to ask, but I am obliged to by circumstance.
(g) Work! That’s what you can do! You must work!
(h) No one will give me anything when I tell the truth. ___________
(j) Work hard, don’t drink, and remember what I have said to you.
(j) Thank you for your kind words and deeds. ___________
(k) I am delighted for your sake. ___________
(I) How are you? What are you doing? How is everything with you?
Answer:
(a) She set me right and I shall never forget it. – Lushkoff
(b) For three days I have had nothing to eat. – Lushkoff
(e) I only know that owing to her words and noble needs, a change took place in my heart. – Lushkoff
(d) I shall send the police for you. – Sergei
(e) Well, I am happy that my words have taken effect. – Sergei
(f) Help me kindly: I am ashamed to ask, but I am obliged to by circumstance. – Sergei
(g) Work! That’s what you can do! You must work! – Sergei
(h) No one will give me anything when I tell the truth. – Lushkoff
(j) Work hard, don’t drink, and remember what I have said to you. – Sergei
(j) Thank you for your kind words and deeds. – Lushkoff
(k) I am delighted for your sake. – Sergei
(I) How are you? What are you doing? How is everything with you? – Sergei

Activity — II
Arrange the above statements in proper order as they are used in the story.
(ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଗଳ୍ପରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା ସଠିକ୍ କ୍ରମ ଅନୁସାରେ ସଜାଅ ।)
Answer:
(b) For three days I have had nothing to eat.
(f) Help me kindly: I am ashamed to ask, but I am obliged to by circumstance.
(d) I shall send the police for you.
(h) No one will give me anything when I tell the truth.
(g) Work! That’s what you can do! You must work!
(e) Well, I am happy that my words have taken effect.
(j) Work hard, don’t drink, and remember what I have said to you.
(1) How are you? What are you doing? How is everything with you?
(k) I am delighted for your sake.
(j) Thank you for your kind words and deeds.
(c) I only know that owing to her words and noble needs, a change took place in my heart.
(a) She set me right and I shall never forget it.

Activity — III
Supply appropriate information from the bracket for the blank spaces in the flow chart.
(asked the beggar to chop wood, the beggar requested the advocate for money, the advocate offered another one of copying, advocate met L.ushkoff after two years, the beggar owed a lot to the cook and departed, the advocate wanted to know the truth, the beggar told him everything about his change, on the first of every month, appeared and earned half a rouble.

Answer:

Activity — IV

Name of the characters	Physical	Profession	Dress	Quality	Work

Answer:

Name of the characters	Physical	Profession	Dress	Quality	Work
Sergei	strong and energetic	advocate	black coat white trousers	truthful and dedicated	in a court
Lushkoff	old and weak ill health sunken and dull eyes	beggar	Ragged fawn- Coloured overcoat	pretender, later faithful	Begging later notary
Olga	strong	cooking		good, kind-hearted dedicated	Cooking chopping for the beggar

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 2 The Beggar Important Questions and Answers

Very Short A Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the story ‘The Beggar’?
Answer:
Anton Chekhov

Question 2.
Who are the characters of the story ‘The Beggar’?
Answer:
Sergei, Olga, and Lushkoff

Question 3.
Which story tells about the dignity of labor?
Answer:
The Beggar

Question 4.
Which country are the characters from?
Answer:
Russia

Question 5.
“Kind Sir, have pity.” Who is ‘Sir’ here?
Answer:
Sergei, the advocate

Question 6.
For how many days did the beggar have nothing to eat?
Answer:
three days

Question 7.
What was he for eight years?
Answer:
a village school teacher

Question 8.
Who was Sergei?
Answer:
an advocate

Question 9.
How were the beggar’s eyes?
Answer:
dull, drunken

Question 10.
In which province had he got a position?
Answer:
Kaluga

Question 11.
“I am obliged to by circumstances.” Who said it?
Answer:
the beggar

Question 12.
Where did Sergei’s eyes fall arid he remembered something?
Answer:
the beggar’s overshoes

Question 13.
When had Sergei met the beggar in Sadnvvi Street?
Answer:
the day before advocate yesterday

Question 14.
‘This is swindling.’ Who said this?
Answer:
Sergei

Question 15.
Where was the beggar working as a singer?
Answer:
Russian choir

Question 16.
Why was he sent away from the Russian choir?
Answer:
for his drunkenness

Question 17.
What did Sergei tell the beggar to do?
Answer:
to chop wood for him

Question 18.
Who was Sergei’s cook?
Answer:
Olga

Question 19.
Where was she when Sergei called her?
Answer:
in the kitchen

Question 20.
What had undermined the beggar’s health?
Answer:
vodka

Question 21.
How did Olga glare at his companion?
Answer:
wrathfully

Question 22.
Where did the pseudo-teacher seat himself?
Answer:
on a log

Question 23.
What did Olga fling at the beggar’s feet?
Answer:
an axe

Question 24.
How much did the beggar earn for the first time?
Answer:
half a rouble

Question 25.
For what purpose did Sergei hire the beggar at the time of shifting his house?
Answer:
to help him in packing and hauling the furniture

Question 26.
How did the beggar walk behind the wagons?
Answer:
hanging his head

Question 27.
How much did Sergei give to the beggar after moving into another house?
Answer:
a rouble

Question 28.
What was the name of the beggar?
Answer:
Lushkoff

Question 29.
What was the cleaner employment for Lushkoff?
Answer:
copying

Question 30.
After how many years did Sergei meet his old wood chopper?
Answer:
two years

Fill With In The Blanks Right Words.

Question 1.
The beggar was hungry for __________.
Answer:
three days

Question 2.
The poor man needed five copecks for _________.
Answer:
lodging

Question 3.
According to the beggar, he lost his place through __________.
Answer:
intrigues

Question 4.
Sergei was _________.
Answer:
an advocate

Question 5.
Sergei looked at the _________ of the suppliant.
Answer:
rugged, fawn-colored overcoat

Question 6.
The beggar opined that he had an offer of a position in the province of __________.
Answer:
Kaluga

Question 7.
According to the beggar, he was obliged to by __________.
Answer:
circumstances

Question 8.
Sergei’s eyes fell on the man’s __________.
Answer:
overshoes

Question 9.
Sergei had met the beggar in _________ at first.
Answer:
Sadovya Street wood

Question 10.
At first, the beggar told Sergei that he was _________ not a village school teacher.
Answer:
an expelled student

Question 11.
Sergei flushed and turned from the ragged creature with an expression of __________.
Answer:
disgust

Question 12.
“This is dishonesty, my dear Sir This is swindling ________ cried angrily.
Answer:
Sergei

Question 13.
The beggar was singing a song in a __________.
Answer:
Russian choir

Question 14.
The beggar was sent away from the Russian choir for __________.
Answer:
drunkenness

Question 15.
Sergei offered a job of __________ to the beggar.
Answer:
chopping wood copecks

Question 16.
The beggar confessed before Sergei that all he had been told was _________.
Answer:
fiction

Question 17.
Sergei called _________ out of the kitchen.
Answer:
his cook

Question 18.
The name of the cook was ___________.
Answer:
Olga

Question 19.
The beggar looked like a __________.
Answer:
scarecrow

Question 20.
It was obvious from the beggar’s _________ that he had not consented to go and chop wood.
Answer:
gait

Question 21.
The beggar agreed to chop wood because he was trapped by __________.
Answer:
his own words

Question 22.
The beggar’s strength had been undermined by __________.
Answer:
vodka

Question 23.
Sergei was watching the beggar and Olga from the __________ of the kitchen.
Answer:
window

Question 24.
Olga glared __________ at her companion.
Answer:
wrathfully

Question 25.
The beggar sat on a log and become lost in the thought with his red cheeks resting on his __________.
Answer:
fists

Question 26.
The beggar irresolutely pulled __________ toward him.
Answer:
a billet of

Question 27.
The beggar tapped the wood with his axe as if afraid of hitting his __________.
Answer:
overshoe or cutting his finger

Question 28.
Sergei’s anger vanished when he began to feel a little sorry for having set a spoiled, drunken, and sick man to work at _________ in the cold.
Answer:
menial labor

Question 29.
The beggar appeared on the first of the month and earned __________.
Answer:
Haifa rouble

Question 30.
When the beggar did the work of shoveling snow, beating rugs, and putting the woodshed in order by chopping wood, he received _________.
Answer:
twenty to forty

Question 31.
Sergi hired the bigger to help _________ when he moved into another house.
Answer:
the packing and hauling of the furniture

Question 32.
After __________ was over, Sergei sent for the beggar.
Answer:
the moving

Question 33.
Sergei asked the beggar’s name only after ___________.
Answer:
pleasing over him

Question 34.
Sergei offered Lashkoff _________ after pleasing him.
Answer:
cleaner employment

Question 35.
Pleased at having put a man on ___________ Sergei tapped kindly on the shoulder.
Answer:
the right path

Question 36.
Sergei met Lushkoff after a gap of 2 years at ____________.
Answer:
the ticket window

Question 37.
Lushkoff was standing at the ticket window paying for ___________.
Answer:
his seat

Question 38.
The little individual timidly asked the ticket seller for a seat in the __________ and paid for it with copper coins.
Answer:
Gallery

Question 39.
Lushkoff paid __________ for his seat to the ticket seller.
Answer:
copper coins

Question 40.
As a notary, Lushkoff was getting __________ roubles a mouth.
Answer:
thirty-five

Multiple Questions With Answers Choice

Question 1.
In the story Sergei was a/an ___________?
(A) teacher
(B) student
(C) advocate
(D) beggar
Answer:
(C) advocate

Question 2.
One day Sergei met the beggar in the ___________ street.
(A) Sash
(B) Sadovya
(C) Moscow
(D) Siberia
Answer:
(B) Sadovya

Question 3.
Sergei threatened the beggar to send him to __________?
(A) the zoo
(B) the kine-house
(C) the police station
(D) underground
Answer:
(C) the police station

Question 4.
The beggar said that he did not have _________ copecks for lodging?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
Answer:
(B) 5

Question 5.
The beggar was looking __________?
(A) cheerful and happy
(B) poor and hungry
(C) tired and gloomy
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) poor and hungry

Question 6.
The beggar was wearing __________?
(A) new trousers
(B) dirty robes
(C) tom clothes
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) tom clothes

Question 7.
Lushkoff became physically weak because of __________?
(A) hard toil
(B) wandering
(C) excessive drinking
(D) excessive smoking
Answer:
(C) excessive drinking

Question 8.
The beggar knew that he would get nothing by ___________?
(A) working hard
(B) chopping wood
(C) telling the truth
(D) singing in the coir
Answer:
(C) telling the truth

Question 9.
Lushkoff lost his place through ___________?
(A) intrigues
(B) his inability
(C) weakness
(D) unhappiness
Answer:
(A) intrigues

Question 10.
The beggar told Sergei that he had been a teacher for __________ years?
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 7
(D) 6
Answer:
(A) 8

Question 11.
Lushkoff wore a ragged and _________ colored overcoat?
(A) fawn
(B) brown
(C) cascade
(D) amber
Answer:
(A) fawn

Question 12.
There were ________ on the beggar’s cheek?
(A) black mole
(B) red spot
(C) cut mark
(D) wrinkles
Answer:
(B) red spot

Question 13.
Lushkoff had an offer of a position in _________?
(A) Kaluga
(B) Kemerovo
(C) Kazan
(D) Mahanga
Answer:
(A) Kaluga

Question 14.
‘I am obliged to beg by circumstances.’ Who said this?
(A) Lushk off
(B) Olga
(C) Sergei
(D) Anton
Answer:
(A) Lushk off

Question 15.
Sergei remembered the man meeting in the __________?
(A) Sadovaya Street
(B) Vinoba Street
(C) Janaki Street
(D) Tushar Street
Answer:
(A) Sadovaya Street

Question 16.
The beggar used to sing in __________?
(A) the theatre
(B) the films
(C) the Russian choir
(D) the episode
Answer:
(C) the Russian choir

Question 17.
The beggar was sacked from the Russian coir due to his ___________?
(A) wickedness
(B) cleverness
(C) drunkenness
(D) kindness
Answer:
(C) drunkenness

Question 18.
Sergei got angry with the beggar because he was _________?
(A) shouting
(B) crying
(C) drinking
(D) telling a lie
Answer:
(D) telling a lie

Question 19.
Sergei wanted the beggar to _________ wood for him?
(A) collect
(B) do cleaning
(C) remove
(D) do chopping
Answer:
(D) do chopping

Question 20.
Chopping wood was not a punishment for the beggar because _________?
(A) the skilled woodcutters were out of work
(B) there was a scarcity of labor
(C) everybody loved begging
(D) Russia was a land of beggars
Answer:
(A) the skilled woodcutters were out of work

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Non-Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 9 From the Formalin Jar

November 13, 2023November 12, 2023 by Prasanna

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 9 From the Formalin Jar Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 9 From the Formalin Jar

BSE Odisha 10th Class English From the Formalin Jar Text Book Questions and Answers

F. Let’s Understand The Poem:

Question 1.
What is this poem about?
(କବିତାଟି କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ଲିଖ୍ ?)
Answer:
This poem is about the display (ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ) of Vicky’s brain, whose life was cut short for careless driving.

Question 2.
Where is Vicky’s brilliant brain?
(ଭିକିର ଚମତ୍କାର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଅଛି ?)
Answer:
Vicky’s brilliant brain is in a formalin jar.

Question 3.
Why is the brain put inside the formalin jar ?
(ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ କାହିଁକି ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ କାଚପାତ୍ର ବା ନଳୀ ଭିତରେ ରଖାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
The brain is put inside the formalin jar as a display (ଏକ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ରୂପେ) for students to gain knowledge.

Question 4.
Who does ‘I’ refer to in the poem?
(କବିତାରେ ‘I’ କାହାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
In the poem ‘I’ refers to Vicky’s brain.

Question 5.
How does the brain feel inside the jar ?
(କାଚନଳୀ ବା ପାତ୍ର ଭିତରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଭିକିର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କ’ଣ ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The brain feels itself as an object of disdain or hatred (ଏକ ଘୃଣିତ ବସ୍ତୁ ରୂପେ) inside the jar.

Question 6.
Who is the brain talking about?
(ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କାହା ବିଷୟରେ କହୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The brain is talking about a smart and healthy youth ‘Vicky’.

Question 7.
What does the brain say about Vicky ?
(ଭିକି ବିଷୟରେ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କ’ଣ କହୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The brain in the formalin jar says that Vicky was a strong, stout, careful, and brilliant boy.

Question 8.
Do you think that Vicky and the brilliant brain are two persons ? Why ?
କ’ଣ ଭାବୁଛ ଭିକି ଓ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଦୁଇ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଅଟନ୍ତି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
No, I don’t think so. Because it is Vicky’s brain that is put separately (ଅଲଗା) in the formalin jar after Vicky’s terrible death in an accident.

Question 9.
Which were Vicky’s favorite subjects?
( ଭିକିର ପ୍ରିୟ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Vicky’s favourite subjects were computers and mathematics.

Question 10.
What was the motto of his life?
(ତା’ର ଜୀବନର ନୀତିବାକ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The motto (ନୀତି ବାକ୍ୟ) of Vicky’s life was “No pain, No gain.” (କଷ୍ଟ, ଲାଭ ନାହିଁ )

Question 11.
Was Vicky good at her studies? How do you know this?
(ଭିକି ପାଠପଢ଼ାରେ ଭଲ ଥିଲା କି ? ତୁମେ ଏହା କିପରି ଜାଣୁଛ ?)
Answer:
Yes, Vicky was good at studies. Because he had a brilliant brain. Besides he excelled (ଚମତ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରୁଥିଲା) in mathematics and computers.

Question 12.
Vicky loved his parents. Which line says so?
(ଭିକି ନିଜର ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କୁ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା । କେଉଁ ଧାଡ଼ି ଏକଥା ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ?)
Answer:
Vicky loved his parents. The line that says so is “Vicky’s love for his parents was truly insane.”

Question 13.
Which word says that Vicky loved his grandmother very much?
(ଭିକି ତା’ର ଜେଜେମା’କୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା ବୋଲି କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦଟି ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The word adored’ (ଆଦର କରୁଥିଲା) says that Vicky loved his grandmother very much.

Question 14.
What else, besides studies, did Vicky do during his college days?
(ପାଠପଢ଼ା ଛଡ଼ା ଭିକି ନିଜର କଲେଜ ଦିନମାନଙ୍କରେ କ’ଣ କରୁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Besides studies, Vicky in his college days was in love.

Question 15.
Who was Lorraine? Why did he steal a glance at her?
(ଲୋରେନ୍ କିଏ ଥୁଲା ? ସେ (ଭିକି) କାହିଁକି ତାକୁ ଲୁଚିଛପି ଚାହୁଁଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Lorraine was Vicky’s girl classmate. He stole a glance at her as he loved her deeply.

Question 16.
Why does the poet say that only the brain could explain the cause of Vicky’s heart-beat; thud-thud?
(କବି କାହିଁକି କହିଛନ୍ତି କେବଳ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ହିଁ ଭିକିର ହୃଦୟ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନର ଭୟମିଶ୍ରିତ ଶବ୍ଦ କହିପାରିବ ?)
Answer:
The poet says that only the brain could explain the cause of Vicky’s heartbeat: thud-thud because it (the brain) is directly related to the heart.

Question 17.
Read stanza 5 and stanza 6 again. What are they about? How are they different from others?
(ପଡ୍‌ ୫ ଓ ପଡ୍‌ ୬କୁ ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ପଢ଼ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କାହା ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ?ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ପଡ୍‌ତ୍ତି କିଭଳି ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ?)
Answer:
Stanza 5 and stanza 6 are about Vicky’s death in an accident. They are different from others as (ଯେହେତୁ) they describe how a simple mistake took Vicky’s life causing the family’s tragedy.

Question 18.
Where was Vicky riding? When and why?
(ଭିକି ଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଇ କେଉଁଠାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲା ? କେତେବେଳେ ଓ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Vicky was riding to his friend’s house in the next lane on a wet rainy day to attend to an ordinary task.

Question 19.
Where was his friend’s house? Was it very far?
(ତାହାର ସାଙ୍ଗର ଘର କେଉଁଠାରେ ଥିଲା ? ଏହା କ’ଣ ବହୁତ ଦୂରରେ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
His friend’s house was in the next lane. No, it was not too far.

Question 20.
Why did he go to his friend?
(ସେ କାହିଁକି ତା’ର ସାଙ୍ଗ ପାଖକୁ ଯାଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
He (Vicky) went to his friend for some ordinary work.

Question 21.
What caused the accident? Which words in the poem describe the accident?
(କେଉଁଥ‌ିପାଇଁ | କାହିଁକି ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ଘଟିଲା ? କବିତାରେ କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦସବୁ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
Going to his friend’s house without wearing his helmet caused Vicky’s accident and tragic death. The words which describe the accident are “He met with an accident gory and inhumane.”

Question 22.
What meaning does the line – ‘For once, from wearing his helmet he did refrain convey? Was it Vicky’s habit to wear his helmet while riding his bike?
(ଧାଡ଼ି “For once, from wearing his helmet he did refrain’ କେଉଁ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଛି ? ନିଜର ବାଇକ୍ ଚଳାଇଲାବେଳେ ହେଲମେଟ୍ ପିନ୍ଧିବା ଭିକିର ଏକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ଥିଲା କି ?)
Answer:
The line “For once, from wearing his helmet he did refrain” conveys (implies) Vicky’s not wearing his helmet for the first time in his life. Yes, it was Vicky’s habit to wear his helmet while riding his bike.

Question 23.
How did the accident affect Vicky and his family?
(ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା କିପରି ଭିକି ଓ ତା’ର ପରିବାରକୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Vicky lost his life in the accident and his gruesome (ଶୋଚନୀୟ ) death in the accident plunged (ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ଦେଇଥିଲା) his family into huge shock (ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ଦୁଃଖରେ ).

Question 24.
What message does the poet have for the young generation through this poem?
(ଏହି କବିତା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ କବି ଯୁବ ପିଢ଼ିପାଇଁ କେଉଁ ସନ୍ଦେଶ ବା ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
In this poem, the poet’s message is clear and serious. She warns (ସତର୍କ କରାଇ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ) the younger generation against risky (dangerous) driving.

Question 25.
Can you say why such dreadful accidents occur on road and cause death every moment?
(ତୁମେ କ’ଣ କହିପାରିବ କାହିଁକି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ରାସ୍ତାରେ ଏଭଳି ଭୟଙ୍କର ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ଘଟୁଛି ଓ ଜୀବନହାନି ଘଟାଉଛି ? )
Answer:
Such (ଏଭଳି) dreadful (ଭୟଙ୍କର) accidents occur (ଘଟୁଛି) on road and cause (ଘଟାଉଛି ) death every moment due to careless and fast driving and also driving without helmets.

Question 26.
Suggest some ways to reduce Road Traffic Injuries (RTI)?
(ରାସ୍ତା ଗହଳିଜନିତ ମୃତାହତ ସଂଖ୍ୟା କମାଇବାର କେତୋଟି ଉପାୟର ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦିଅ ।)
Answer:
Rules like (ଭଳି) wearing helmets, safe driving, avoiding (ଦୂରେଇ ରହିବା ) talking on mobiles, refraining (ଦୂରେଇ ରହିବା) from listening to music on mobiles, riding on the right route, etc. can help reduce Road Traffic Injuries.

G. Let’s Appreciate The Poem:

Question 1.
Who donated Vicky’s brain to the Medical College? How is it preserved and used?
(କିଏ ଭିକିର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ ମେଡ଼ିକାଲ କଲେଜକୁ ଦାନ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ? ଏହାକୁ କିଭଳି ସଂରକ୍ଷିତ କରି ରଖାଯାଇଛି ଓ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଉଛି ?)
Answer:
Vicky’s parents donated Vicky’s brain to the Medical College. It is preserved in a formalin jar on display to promote knowledge gain to the medical students.

Question 2.
What does the line ‘On display to promote knowledge gain’ express?
(ଧାଡ଼ି ‘On display to promote knowledge କ’ଣ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The line “On display to promote knowledge gain” suggests that from the display (ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନରୁ)of Vicky’s (human) brain the students gain more knowledge about its construction and functions.

Question 3.
What is called a specimen? Why is the brain preserved as a specimen?
(Specimen କ’ଣ ? ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ ଏକ ନମୁନା ରୂପେ କାହିଁକି ରଖାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
A specimen is a model. The brain is preserved as a specimen to provide more knowledge to the students about this useful organ of the human body.

Question 4.
How was the brilliant brain a part of a living human two years ago?
(କିଭଳିୁ ଇ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ମାନବର ଗୋଟିଏ ଅଂଶ | ଅଙ୍ଗ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Two years ago the brilliant brain, now kept in the formalin jar, was possessed by a handsome (ସୁନ୍ଦର) and strong youth named Vicky.

Question 5.
What does the phrase – ‘Yet ended up in this jar’ mean to you?
(ବାକ୍ୟାଶ ‘Yet ended up in this jar ‘ର ଅର୍ଥ ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ବୁଝୁଛ ?)
Answer:
The phrase “Yet ended up in this jar” means at last Vicky’s brain rested in the formalin jar though it has no stroke, tumor, or bugs within it.

Question 6.
Which expression suggests that Vicky was hard-working?
(କେଉଁ ଉକ୍ତି ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ଯେ ଭିକି ପରିଶ୍ରମୀ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The expression which suggests (ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି) that Vicky was hard working is “Full of life and vigor, sun, wind or rain”.

Question 7.
Why does the poet say? “Only I could explain”?
(କବି କାହିଁକି କହିଛନ୍ତି ‘କେବଳ ମୁଁ ହିଁ ବୁଝାଇପାରିବି? ?)
Answer:
The poet says. “Only I could explain” because it is Vicky’s brain that can say why his heart got ‘thuds’

Question 8.
Should we consider such demise ‘h chance or by choice’?
(ଭିକିର ଏଭଳି ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ନା ଇଚ୍ଛାସୃଷ୍ଟ ବୋଲି କହିବା ?)
Answer:
We should consider such demise (death of Vicky ‘by chance’.

Question 9.
The poet uses flashback, which Is often used to recount events that had happened before the story started. Which stanzas talk about the past events and which ones the present incident ? (ଗଳ୍ପ ଆରମ୍ଭ ପୂର୍ବରୁ କବି ଅତୀତ ଘଟଣା ଯାହାକି ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଘଟିଛି ତା’ର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି । କବିତାରେ କେଉଁ ପଙ୍‌କ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅତୀତ ଘଟଣା ଓ କେଉଁ ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନର ଘଟଣାକୁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The poet uses flashback, which is often used to recount events that had happened before the story started. The stanzas stating past events are:
“On a wet monsoon day. for a task mundane
Vicky rode his bike to his friend in the next lane;
For once, from wearing his helmet he did refrain
God! He met with an accident gory and inhumane.” (Stanza — 5)
and
“All it look was a stray moment inane
A young life lost, a family crushed with pain;
Dear friends, take care; risky driving can be the bane
DRIVE SAFE — let your precious life not be in vain! (Stanza — 6)
Similarly stanza — 3 and stanza — 4 also talk about past events.
The stanza stating present events is:
“Hi ! ¡ am Vicky’s brilliant brain
Sitting in a tourmaline jar with disdain:
On display to promote knowledge gain
Watching people stare at new again and again. (Stanza – I)
Similarly stanza — 2 also talks about the present incident.

Question 10.
Find the rhyming words in the poem.
(କବିତାରେ ଯତିପାତ ଶବ୍ଦସବୁ (ସମାନ ଉଚ୍ଚାରିତ) ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କର ।)
Answer:
The rhyming words in the poem are (1st stanza) brain — disdain, gain — again. (2nd stanza) specimen — human, within — chagrin. (3rd stanza) sane — rain, domain — gain. 4th stanza insane cane. Lorraine — explain, (5th stanza) mundane — lane. refrain — inhumane. (6th stanza) inane pain, banc — vain.

Question 11.
Why does the poet use capital letters for the first two words in the last line of the poem?
(କବିତାର ଶେଷ ଧାଡ଼ିରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ଦୁଇଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ପାଇଁ କବି କାହିଁକି ବଡ଼ ଅକ୍ଷର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The poet uses capital letters for the first two words in the last line of the poem (DRIVE SAFE) to stress upon (ଜୋର ଦେବା ପାଇଁ) ‘safe driving.

Question 12.
You read and understood the poem. Do you like the title of the poem? Why/ Why not? Can you suggest another title for the poem?
(ତୁମେ କବିତାଟି ପଢ଼ିସାରିଛ ଓ ବୁଝିସାରିଛ । କବିତାର ଶୀର୍ଷକ (ନାମ) ତୁମକୁ ଭଲ ଲାଗୁଛି କି ? କାହିଁକି/କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ? ତୁମେ କବିତା ପାଇଁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଶୀର୍ଷକ ଦେଇପାରିବ କି ?)
Answer:
I like the title (name) of the poem. Because the formalin jar inside which Vicky’s brain is preserved gives a strong message (ବାର୍ତ୍ତା) how the jar will keep waiting (ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରି ରହିବ) for a careless boy like Vicky who suffered a premature death (ଏକ ଅକାଳ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ଶିକାର ହୋଇଥିଲେ)without wearing a helmet.

H. Let’s Listen And Speak:

(a) Listen to the following sentences about the poem (Your teacher reads the sentences aloud.) and say whether they are right or wrong. Then correct the sentences in case you find them wrong. (କବିତା ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଶୁଣ (ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ୱରରେ ପଢ଼ିବେ) ଏବଂ କୁହ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଠିକ୍ ନା ଭୁଲ୍ । ତା’ପରେ ଯେଉଁଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ତୁମେ ଭୁଲ୍ ଦେଖୁଛ ଠିକ୍ କର ।)

(i) Vicky’s brain was sitting in the formalin jar with pleasure and respect.
(ii) The brain didn’t like the people staring at him.
(iii) The brain felt insulted to be a specimen for others.
(iv) Vicky was a strong and stout young man.
(v) He was good at math and computer.
(vi) He believed in taking the pain to succeed in life.
(vii) He liked neither his grandmother nor her wrinkles and stick.
(viii) All his friends in the college disliked him.
(ix) He rode to his friend on a monsoon day for important work.
(x) His friend’s house was very far from his place.
(xi) He usually liked to wear helmets.
(xii) He was killed in a serious accident.
(xiii) He was clever, handsome, and careful.
Answer:
(i) Wrong
Right: Vicky’s brain was sitting in the formalin jar with disdain.
(ii) Right
(iii) Right
(iv) Right
(v) Right.
(vi) Right
(vii) Wrong
Right: He liked both his grandmother and her wrinkles and the stick.
(viii) Wrong
Right: All his friends in the college liked him.
(ix) Wrong
Right: He rode to his friend on a monsoon day for ordinary work.
(x) Wrong
Right: His friend’s house, was very near to his place.
(xi) Right
(xii) Right
(xiii) Right

(b) Pronounce the following words correctly.(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ କର ।)
disdain, gain, again, human, sane, rain, insane, cane, explain, mundane, refrain, inhumane, pain, bane, in vain
Answer:
disdain — ଅବମାନନା |
gain — ଗେନ୍
again — ଏଗେନ୍
human — ହ୍ୟୁମାନ୍
sane — ସାନ
rain — କେନ୍
insane — ପାଗଳ |
cane — କେନ୍
explain — ଏକ୍ସପେନ୍
mundane — ସାଂପ୍ରତିକ
refrain — ରିଫ୍ରେନ୍
inhumane — ଇହ୍ୟୁମେନ୍
pain — ସେନ୍
bane — ବେନ୍
in vain — ଇନ୍ ଭେନ୍

(c) Imagine that Vicky’s friend, Akash visited the Niedleal College, where Vicky’s brain was preserved in a formalin Jar. Given below Is a dialogue between Vicky’s brain and his friend, Akash. Practise the dialogue. (ମନେକର ଭିକିର ସାଙ୍ଗ ଆକାଶ ମେଡ଼ିକାଲ କଲେଜ ପରିଦର୍ଶନରେ ଯାଇଥିଲେ, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଭିକିର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଗୋଟିଏ ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍‌ରେ ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ କରି ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲା । ନିମ୍ନରେ ଭିକିର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଓ ଆକାଶ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବା କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ସଂଳାପଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କର ।)
Brain : Hi Friend ! How’re you?
Akash : Good. Who’s speaking?
Brain : I’m Vicky’s brain.
Akash : Where you’re?
Brain : ln the formalin jar
Akash : Who put you here?
Brain : The doctor.
Akash : What for?
Brain : For display! Student’. will gain knowledge.
Akash : How did the doctor find you?
Brain : Listen, Vicky was a young college boy. He was strong, stout, careful, and brilliant. One monsoon day he was riding without wearing the helmet to his friend who lived the next lane. On the way, he was killed in an accident. The doctor parted me from his body and put it here for his students to gain knowledge.
Akash : How sad!
Brain : Dear Friend, Vicky was a brilliant boy, but on that fateful day he took it casually to wear his helmet as he was to ride to his friend who was staying the next lane. For his carelessness, a precious life was lost. So please be careful and always DRIVE SAFE on road. Don’t lose your life and put your family in sorrow and suffering.
Akash : Thank you Friend for your advice. I’m very sorry for Vicky, my fast friend, bye, see you!

I. Lets Read And Write:
(a) Given below is a table showing a chart of penalties for the road offences. Read the table and write a sentence for each. (ରାସ୍ତା ନିୟମରେ ଅବମାନନା ନିମନ୍ତେ ଦଣ୍ଡ ବା ଜରିମାନା ପରିମାଣ ଦର୍ଶାଉଥ‌ିବା ଏକ ସାରଣୀ ନିମ୍ନରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ସାରଣୀଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାଇଁ ବାକ୍ୟଟିଏ ଲେଖ ।)

SI. No.	Offence	Penalty (Rs.) (Minimum Amount)
1	General	500
2	Rules of road regulation violation	500
3	Traveling without ticket	500
4	Unauthorized use without license	5,000
5	Driving without licence	5,000
6	Disobedience of orders of authorities	2,000
7	Drink and Drive	10,000
8	Speeding or Racing	5,000
9	Vehicle without permit	10,000
10	Driving without qualification	10,000
11	Without Seat belt	1,000
12	Without helmet	1,000
13	Oversized vehicles	5,000
14	Not providing way for emergency vehicle	10,000
15	Over speeding	1,000/2,000
16	Driving without insurance	2,000
17	Dangerous driving penalty	5,000
18	Offences by juveniles	25,000
19	Overloading of passengers	1,000 / 1 passenger
20	Overloading of two-wheelers	2,000

Answer:
1. As per (ଅନୁସାରେ ) the Motor Vehicle Act, for general violation, you will have to pay (ଦେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ) a fine of Rs. 500/-.
2. As per the Motor Vehicle Act, for the rules of road regulation violation, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 500/-.
3. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you travel without a ticket, you will have to pay a fine of Rs.500/-.
4. As per Motor Vehicle Act, for unauthorized use (ଅନଷ୍କୃତ ବ୍ୟବହାର) without a license, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/-.
5. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you are driving without license, you have to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/-.
6. As per the Motor Vehicle Act, for disobedience (ଉଲ୍ଲଙ୍ଘନ) of orders of authorities, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 2,000/-.
7. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you drink and drive on the road, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-.
8. As per Motor Vehicle Act, for speeding or racing, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/-.
9. As per Motor Vehicle Act, for driving a vehicle without a permit, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-.
10. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you drive without qualification, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-.
11. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you drive without a seat belt, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/-.
12. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you ride without a helmet, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/-. –
13. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you ride an oversized vehicle, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/-.
14. As per the Motor Vehicle Act, if you don’t provide a way (ରାସ୍ତା/ବାଟ ନ ଦିଅ) for an emergency vehicle, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-.
15. As per Motor Vehicle Act, for overspeeding, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/- or Rs. 2,000/-.
16. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you drive/ride without insurance, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 2,000/-.
17. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you drive dangerously, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 5,000/-.
18. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you are a juvenile (ନାବାଳକ) and found riding, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 25,000/-.
19. As per Motor Vehicle Act, if you are found to have the offence (ଅପରାଧ) of overloading (ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାରୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଯାତ୍ରୀ ପରିବହନ), you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/- for each passenger.
20. As per Motor Vehicle Act, for overloading on two-wheelers, you will have to pay a fine of Rs. 2,000/-.

(b) Read the traffic symbols and write one sentence for each. The first one is done for you.
(ଟ୍ରାଫିକ୍ ସଙ୍କେତ ପଢ଼ ଓ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାଇଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲେଖାଏଁ ବାକ୍ୟ ଲେଖ । ପ୍ରଥମଟି ତୁମ ପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)
Read the traffic symbols and write one sentence for each
Answer:
Example :
1. The first symbol indicates that there is a right-hand curve ahead.
2. The second symbol indicates that there is a left-hand curve ahead.
3. The third symbol indicates that there is a right hairpin bend ahead.
4. The fourth symbol indicates that there is a left hairpin bend ahead.
5. The fifth symbol indicates that there is a right reverse bend ahead.
6. The sixth symbol indicates that there is a left reverse bend ahead.
7. The seventh symbol indicates that there is a steep ascent ahead,
8. The eighth symbol indicates that there is a steep descent ahead.
9. The ninth symbol indicates that there is a narrow road ahead.
lO. The tenth symbol indicates that there is a road wideness ahead.
Il. The eleventh symbol indicates that there is a narrow pass ahead.
12. The twelfth symbol indicates that the road is slippery ahead.
13. The thirteenth symbol indicates that there is a loose grovel ahead.
14. The fourteenth symbol indicates that there is a cycle crossing ahead.
15. The fifteenth symbol indicates that there is a ¿ebra crossing for pedestrians ahead.
16. The sixteenth symbol indicates stopping the running vehicle.
17. The seventeenth symbol indicates giving way to other vehicles.
18. The eighteenth symbol indicates that the vehicles can go in one way only.
19. The nineteenth symbol indicates no entry of vehicles there.
20. The twentieth symbol indicates that the vehicles can go in one way only.
21. The twenty-first symbol indicates that vehicles can go in both directions but one way only.
22. The twenty-second symbol indicates that a right turn is prohibited here.
23. The twenty-third symbol indicates that a left turn is prohibited here.
24. The twenty-fourth symbol indicates a one-way pass to vehicles.
25. The twenty-fifth symbol indicates that a U-turn is prohibited here.
26. The twenty-sixth symbol indicates that overtaking is prohibited here.
27. The twenty-seventh symbol indicates that blowing horns are prohibited here.
28. The twenty-eighth symbol indicates that the speed limit is 65 km./h here.
29. The twenty-ninth symbol indicates that the vehicles must turn to the left here.
30. The thirtieth symbol indicates that the vehicles must go ahead here.
31. The thirty-first symbol indicates that the vehicles must turn right ahead.
32. The thirty-second symbol indicates that the vehicles must go ahead or turn right here.
33. The thirty-third symbol indicates that the vehicles must go ahead or turn to the left here.
34. The thirty-fourth symbol indicates that the vehicles must keep to the left here.
35. The thirty-fifth symbol indicates that the vehicles must blow their horns here.

(c) Imagine that you are a reporter of ‘The Times of India’ In Bhubaneswar. Write a report based on the incident/contents of the poem From the Formalin Jar’ for the newspaper. Suggest some ways to check road accidents, and advise young children to be careful about the trame rules. (ମନେକର ତୁମେ ‘The Times of India’ ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵରର ଜଣେ ସାମ୍ବାଦିକ । ‘From the Formalin Jar’ କବିତାର ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ| ଘଟଣାବଳୀକୁ ଆଧାର କରି ଏକ ବିବରଣୀ ଲେଖ । ସଡ଼କ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ପାଇଁ କେତେକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦିଅ ଏବଂ ଯୁବକ ଯୁବତୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ରାସ୍ତାର ନିୟମ ପ୍ରତି ଯତ୍ନଶୀଳ ହେବାକୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦିଅ ।)
Answer:

Date:………………
Bhubaneswar

To
The Editor
The Times of India
Bhubaneswar

A TRAGIC ROAD ACCIDENT

Saheed Nagar. Bhubaneswar, 3rd June: It was a wet monsoon day yet there was heavy traffic on the roads. Vicky, a young smart boy, rode his bike to his friend’s house in the next lane. Vicky was very sincere, but that day he did not wear his helmet for the first time. To his bad luck, a truck coming from Acharya Vihar at a high speed hit his bike and he got a severe head injury and died on the spot. The police rushed to the spot and send the body to the hospital. This tragic road accident happened due to the high speed of the truck and the carelessness of the boy. If he wore a helmet, he would not have lost his life. So young children should be careful about the traffic rules while riding on the road. They should obey traffic rules like wearing helmets, and driving a considerable speed. avoid talking on mobiles ut listening to music etc.

Rajendra,
the reporter.

(d) Work in groups of four and prepare placards/posters on ROAD SAFETY. Display them near the school notice board. (Your teacher will guide you.)
(ଚାରିଜଣିଆ ଦଳ ହୋଇ ‘ସଡ଼କ ନିରାପତ୍ତା’ ବିଷୟରେ ପ୍ଲାକାର୍ଡ|ପୋଷ୍ଟର ତିଆରି କର । ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ନୋଟିସ୍ ବୋର୍ଡ ପାଖରେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କର । (ତୁମ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତୁମକୁ ମାର୍ଗ ଦର୍ଶନ କରାଇବେ ।))

BSE Odisha 10th Class English From the Formalin Jar Important Questions and Answers

Very Short A Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Whose brilliant brain is in the jar?
Answer:
Vicky’s

Question 2.
Who is Vicky?
Answer:
a strong and stout (ହୃଷ୍ଟପୁଷ୍ଟ ) youth

Question 3.
How is Vicky’s brain sitting?
Answer:
with disdain

Question 4.
Why is Vicky’s brain kept in the jar?
Answer:
to promote knowledge gain

Question 5.
What knowledge should pupils grow?
Answer:
about the functions of the brain

Question 6.
How do people treat the brain on the formalin jar?
Answer:
staring at it

Question 7.
What is Vicky’s brain like?
Answer:
brilliant

Question 8.
What is the brain kept for?
Answer:
as a specimen

Question 9.
What does the brain feel to be addressed (ସମ୍ବୋଲ୍ଡ କରାଯିବାରୁ) a specimen (ନମୁନା) ?
Answer:
insulting

Question 10.
How many years passed since Vicky died?
Answer:
two years

Question 11.
What sort of boy was Vicky?
Answer:
smart, vigorous, and healthy

Question 12.
What was Vicky’s domain?
Answer:
computers and maths

Question 13.
Whom did Vicky adore?
Answer:
his grandmother

Question 14.
“Only I could explain.’ Here for who does 1’ stand for?
Answer:
Vicky’s brain

Question 15.
What did Vicky refrain from one day?
Answer:
wearing his helmet

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. Vicky’s brain was in _____________.
Answer:
a formalin jar

2. _____________was insulting.
Answer:
Vicky’s brain being kept as a specimen

3. The expression ‘sun, wind or rain’ means _____________.
Answer:
all times

4. Vicky’s motto was _____________.
Answer:
‘No pain. No gain’

5. Vicky’s love for _____________ was true and great.
Answer:
his parents

6. In college Vicky glanced (looked) secretly at _____________.
Answer:
Lorraine

7. Vicky’s heart thudded at _____________.
Answer:
the sight of Lorraine

8. Vicky went to his friend’s house on _____________.
Answer:
a wet rainy day

9. The word ‘mundane’ means _____________.
Answer:
ordinary

10. Vicky went to his friend on _____________.
Answer:
a bike

11. Vicky’s accident was _____________.
Answer:
gory and inhumane

12. At Vicky’s death his family _____________ with pain.
Answer:
crushed

13. _____________ should be given importance to save life.
Answer:
Drive Safe

14. _____________ can be banc (cause tragedy).
Answer:
Risky driving

15. In the phrase ‘a stray moment’ the word ‘stray’ means _____________.
Answer:
painful or inattentive

Multiple Choice Questions (Mcqs) With Answers.
Pick out the correct alternative.

Question 1.
Vicky’s brilliant brain is sifting in a formalin jar with _____________.
(A) anguish
(B) astonishment
(C) disdain
(D) hatred
Answer:
(C) disdain

Question 2.
Vicky’s brilliant brain in the jar feels/felt _____________.
(A) disgusted
(B) anguished
(C) insulted
(D) pleasure
Answer:
(C) insulted

Question 3.
Vicky was full of life and vigor. This means Vicky was lively, strong, and _____________.
(A) stout
(B) healthy
(C) vigourous
(D) courigcous
Answer:
(A) stout

Question 4.
Vicky loved his _____________ and grandmother.
(A) grandfather
(B) parents
(C) mother
(D) sister
Answer:
(B) parents

Question 5.
Vicky’s grandmother has/had _____________ on her body.
(A) red spots
(B) blackspots
(C) wrinkles
(D) stripes
Answer:
(C) wrinkles

Question 6.
_____________ was Vicky’s girlfriend.
(A) Norraine
(B) Florraine
(C) Glorraine
(D) Lorraine
Answer:
(D) Lorraine

Question 7.
One day Vicky set out for his friend’s house without wearing his _____________.
(A) spectacles
(B) wristwatch
(C) helmet
(D) forest dress
Answer:
(C) helmet

Question 8.
Vicky met with an accident gory and _____________.
(A) bloody
(B) inhumane
(C) bane
(D) pathetic
Answer:
(B) inhumane

Question 9.
Vicky’s heart went _____________ when he stole a glance at Lorraine.
(A) thud-thud
(B) dhak-dhak
(C) hit-bit
(D) sim-sim
Answer:
(A) thud-thud

Question 10.
According to the poet, risky driving can be _____________.
(A) bane
(B) inane
(C) crushed
(D) inhumane
Answer:
(A) bane

Question 11.
Precious (Valuable) life can’t go wasted if we take up _____________.
(A) risky drive
(B) safe drive
(C) slow drive
(D) speed drive
Answer:
(B) safe drive

Question 12.
“Only I could explain.” Here ‘I’ stands for _____________.
(A) Vicky
(B) Vicky’s friend
(C) Vicky’s brain
(D) Vicky’s father
Answer:
(C) Vicky’s brain

From the Formalin Jar Summary in English

Lead-In:
The poem ‘From the Formalin Jar’ was written in September 2013 to create awareness (ସଚେତନତା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା ପାଇଁ) about ‘Safe Driving’ (ନିରାପଦ ଗାଡ଼ିଚାଳନା) and other road safety rules in the community and published (ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା।)online at youthspring net, a forum for nurturing youth well-being ( ଯୁବକଗୋଷ୍ଠୀର ମଙ୍ଗଳ ନିମନ୍ତେ ପ୍ରତିପୋଷଣ ପାଇଁ). This heart-breaking (ହୃଦୟ ବିଦାରକ) poem conveys (ପ୍ରତିଫଳିତ କରୁଛି) how a moment of simple carelessness (ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଯତ୍ନହୀନତାର ଏକ କ୍ଷଣ) cost (ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଦେବାକୁ ହେଲା) a young, lively and caring boy his precious life. In this poem “Vicky” is a fictional (କାଳ୍ପନିକ) character (ଚରିତ୍ର) created by the poet to warn people against breaking rules of road.

Stanzawise Explanation:
Stanza 1 (Lines 1 to 4)
Hi! I am Vicky’s brilliant brain
Sitting in a formalin jar with disdain;
On display to promote knowledge gain
Watching people stare at me again and again.

Gist: Hi! I am Vicky’s brilliant or sharpest brain. I am sitting in this formalin jar with strong contempt (hatred) preserved. I have been kept here by the doctor for the growth or promotion of knowledge of students. I am feeling insulted to be stared at me again and again.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ହେ ! ମୁଁ ହେଉଛି ଭିକିର ଚମତ୍କାର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ । ତୀବ୍ର ଘୃଣାପୂର୍ବକ ମୁଁ ଏକ ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍ ବା କାଚପାତ୍ରରେ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ଭାବରେ ବସିଛି । ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କର ଜ୍ଞାନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ନିମିତ୍ତ ମୋତେ ଏଠାରେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ରଖାଯାଇଛି । ବାରମ୍ବାର ଲୋକମାନେ ମୋତେ ଏକ ଲୟରେ ଚାହିଁ ରହିବାକୁ ମୁଁ ନିଜକୁ ଅପମାନିତ ମନେ କରୁଛି !

Stanza – 2 (Lines 5-8)
How insulting to be called a ‘specimen’
Two years ago I was part of a living human;
I got no stroke, tumor or bugs within
Yet ended up in this jar, to my chagrin.

Gist: Really I feel greatly insulted by being called a specimen (example or model). Two years ago I (the brain) was a part of a living human. Fortunately, I had no stroke, tumor or bug. Yet I had to remain in the jar thanks to anger.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ସତରେ ଏହି କାଚପାତ୍ରରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ମୋତେ ଏକ ନମୁନା ରୂପେ ବିବେଚିତ କରିବା ମୋତେ ବହୁତ ଅପମାନିତ ମନେହେଉଛି । ଦୁଇ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ ମୁଁ (ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ) ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ମାନବର ଏକ ଅଂଶ ଥିଲା । ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟବଶତଃ ମୁଁ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କାଘାତ ବା ଟ୍ୟୁମର ବା ସଂକ୍ରାମକ ରୋଗରେ ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ନ ଥିଲି, ତଥାପି ମୋର ବିଷାଦ ବା କ୍ରୋଧର କାରଣ ହେଉଛି ଯେ ମୋତେ ଏହି କାଚ ଜାର୍‌ରେ ଶେଷରେ ରହିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଲା ।

Stanza – 3 (Lines 9 – 12)
Vicky was a young boy, smart and sane
Full of life and vigor, sun, wind or rain;
Computers and maths were his domain
His motto in life was ‘No pain, No gain ’.

Gist: Vicky was a smart and healthy youth. He always looked vigorous and lively, no matter what happened. He was strong and an expert in computers and mathematics. His motto or moral principle in life was one must work hard to get success in life.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭିକି ଥୁଲା ଜଣେ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ଓ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଯୁବକ । ଯାହା ଘଟୁ ପଛେ ସେ ସର୍ବଦା କର୍ମଠ ଓ ପ୍ରାଣବନ୍ତ ଦେଖା ଯାଉଥିଲା । କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଓ ଗଣିତରେ ସେ କୁଶଳୀ ଓଁ ଦକ୍ଷ ଥିଲା । ତା’ ଜୀବନର ନୀତି ବା ଆଦର୍ଶ ଥିଲା ଯେ ଜୀବନରେ ସଫଳତା ଲାଭ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଜଣଙ୍କୁ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ ।

Stanza – 4 (Lines 13 – 16)
Vicky’s love for his parents was truly insane
And he adored his gran ’ma, wrinkles, and cane;
In college, when he stole a glance at Lorraine
Why his heart went thud-thud, only I could explain!

Gist: Vicky loved his parents immensely (very much). Besides, he (Vicky) adored (loved strongly) his pouchy (having lines in the body due to ripe old age) grandmother with a walking stick. While in college he had a quick and quiet look at his girlfriend Lorraine and his heart in panic (fear) would thud.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭିକି ତା’ରି ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା । ଏହାଛଡ଼ା ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଚାଲୁଥିବା କୁଞ୍ଚୁ ଚର୍ମଧାରୀ ନିଜର ଜେଜେମା’ଙ୍କୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲା । କଲେଜରେ ଭିକି ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାହାର ସହପାଠିନୀ (ଲୋରେନ୍) ଉପରେ କ୍ଷିପ୍ର ଓ ଚୋରା ଚାହାଣି ପକାଉଥିଲା, ଅଜଣା ଭୟରେ ତା’ର ହୃଦୟରେ କମ୍ପନ ଜାତ ହେଉଥିଲା ।

Stanza – 5 (Lines 17 – 20)
On a wet monsoon day, for a task mundane
Vicky rode his bike to his friend in the next lane;
For once, from wearing his helmet he did refrain
God! He met with an accident gory and inhumane.

Gist: On a rainy day Vicky rode his bike to his friend living in the next lane to attend to an ordinary task. This was the first time in his life Vicky went out without a helmet. O, God! On the way, he faced a bloody and barbaric accident.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏକ ବର୍ଷଣମୁଖର ଦିନରେ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଗଳିରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିବା ନିଜର ଜଣେ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଘରକୁ ଭିକି ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ବାଇକ୍ ଚଳାଇ ଯାଇଥିଲା । ଜୀବନରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ଥର ପାଇଁ ସେ ବିନା ହେଲ୍‌ମେଟ୍‌ରେ ଘରୁ ବାହାରିଥିଲା । ହେ ଭଗବାନ ! ସେ ରାସ୍ତାରେ ଏକ ରକ୍ତାକ୍ତ ଓ ନିର୍ଭୟ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେଲା ।

Stanza – 6 (Lines 21 – 24)
All it took was a stray moment of insane
A young life lost, a family crushed with pain;
Dear friends, take care; risky driving can be a bane
DRIVE SAFE – let your precious life not be in vain!

Gist: It was just an act of stupidity on the part of Vicky for a moment. A young life was cut short. His family was shocked (very much in surprise and grief). Taking the example of Vicky, dear riders are appealed not to resort to (take to) terrible and fast driving which can bring in lots of misery. You are requested to drive safely not to allow your precious life to go uselessly.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭିକି ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଏକ ନିର୍ବୋଧ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଥିଲା । ଅକାଳରେ ଏକ ଯୌବନ ଚାଲିଗଲା । ତାହାର ମୃତ୍ୟୁରେ ପୂରା ପରିବାର ଦୁଃଖ ବା ଶୋକରେ ମ୍ରିୟମାଣ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଭିକିର ଉଦାହରଣକୁ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ରଖ୍ ପ୍ରିୟ ଚାଳକମାନଙ୍କୁ ତୀବ୍ର ବେଗରେ ଗାଡ଼ି ନ ଚଳାଇବାପାଇଁ ନିବେଦନ କରାଯାଉଛି, ନଚେତ୍ ଏହା ବହୁତ ଦୁଃଖ ବା ଶୋକ ଆଣି ଦେଇପାରେ । ତୀବ୍ର ବେଗରେ ଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଇ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ଜୀବନକୁ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥରେ ନ ଯିବାକୁ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଆପଣମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ ।

About The Poet:
Dr. Reeta S. Mani is a doctor by profession (ବୃତ୍ତିରେ ) and a writer by passion (ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତିରେ ). She is a Neurovirologist (ସ୍ନାୟୁଭୂତାଣୁବିଦ୍) at the National Institite of Mental Health and Neurosciences (ସ୍ନାୟୁ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ), Bengaluru. Dr. Reeta has published (online and in print) several (ଅନେକ) short stories, poems, essays, and (ଭ୍ରମଣ ବୃତ୍ତାନ୍ତ ), including (ସହିତ) several short stories for children. She loves to weave health information into her stories to educate and foster ( ବଢ଼ାଇବାପାଇଁ) inquisitiveness (ଜିଜ୍ଞାସା ବା ଜାଣିବାର ଇଚ୍ଛା) in children.

Notes And Glossary:
brilliant brain — very smart or intelligent brain (ଅତି ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ)
formalin — a chemical compound of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon (ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ, ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଓ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକର ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ଯୌଗିକ)
on display — the act of showing (ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ନିମିତ୍ତ)
with disdain — with intensc hatred (ତୀବ୍ର ଘୃଣାର ସହିତ)
stare — look at somebody or something for a long time (ବହୁ ସମୟ ଧରି ଚାହିଁ ରହିବା)
specimen — sample (ନମୁନା)
stroke — brain attack (ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କାଘାତ)
tumour — a mas of abnormal cells grown in the body (ଅସ୍ଵାଭାବିକ କୋଷ ବୃଦ୍ଧିଜନିତ ମାଂସପିଣ୍ଡୁଳା )
bug — an illness caused by small organism such as bacteria (ବ୍ୟାକ୍ ଟେରି ଆଦ୍ଵାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟ ରୋଗ ବା ବ୍ୟାଧ୍) or an infectious illness (ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ସଂକ୍ରାମକ ରୋଗ)
chagrin — anger or annoyance (କ୍ରୋଧ ବା ବିରକ୍ତି)
smart — well – dressed and neat (ପରିଷ୍କାର ଓ ସୁନ୍ଦର ପୋଷାକ ପରିହିତ)
You look very smart today.
sane — normal or sound (ସୁସ୍ଥ ବା ସ୍ଵାଭାବିକ)
The old fellow (man) looks sane today.
vigor — strength or energy (ଶକ୍ତି)
The lion has plenty of vigor.
domain — area of knowledge(ଜ୍ଞାନର କ୍ଷେତ୍ର)
The answer to this question is not in my mental domain.
motto — belief or ethic ନୀତି ବା ବିଶ୍ୱାସ)
“No pain. No gain” (କଷ୍ଟ କଲେ କୃଷ୍ଣ ମିଳେ is my motto.
insane — extreme or immense (ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ । ଅପାର)
truly — really (ପ୍ରକୃତରେ )
wrinkles — lines of loose skin (କୁଞ୍ଚୁତ ଚର୍ମ ବା ଚର୍ମରେ ଗାର ପଡ଼ିଥ‌ିବା)
That old woman has wrinkles all over her body.
cane — walking stick (ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି)
stole a glance — looked secretely (ଲୁଚିକରି ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ଦେଉଥବା)
went thud-thud — became panic and dull in sound (ଭୟରେ ହୃଦୟ ଧକ୍‌ ଧକ୍ ହେଉଥିଲା)
on a wet monsoon day — on a rainy day (ଏକ ବର୍ଷଣମୁଖର ଦିନରେ)
task — work (କାମ)
mundane — dull and ordinary (ସାଧାରଣ)
We are living an mundane existence
did refrain — stopped taking with (ନେବାରୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ ରହିଲା)
gory — bloody (ରକ୍ତାକ୍ତ)
inhumane — unkind or gruesome (ଶୋଚନୀୟ ବା ନିର୍ଭୟ )
inane — stupidity (ବୋକାମି ) carelessness (ଯତ୍ନହୀନତା)
crushed with pain — shocked or went mourning ( ଦୁଃଖରେ ମ୍ରିୟମାଣ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଲେ)
bane — fatal, curse (ମାରାତ୍ମକ ବା ଅଭିଶାପ)
Sometimes science proves to be a bane.
stray — separated (ଅଲ ଗା, ବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ)
A stray dog (ବୁ ଲା କୁକୁର) is walking along the village road.
in vain — useless (ଅଦରକାରୀ |)
All his attempts (ଚେଷ୍ଟା) went in vain.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 A Tiger in the House

November 10, 2023November 9, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 A Tiger in the House Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 A Tiger in the House

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 1 A Tiger in the House Text Book Questions and Answers

Before You Read
There has been existing a close and intimate relationship between human beings and animals since time immemorial. We have seen animals and birds who have shown their behavior like human beings. Animals could share their happiness and unhappiness with human beings. Animals could understand human emotions. We also get aesthetic pleasure from the animals.

This story narrates how Timothy, the tiger-cub, was discovered by the Grandfather from the Terai Jungle near Dehra from the intricate roots of a banyan tree when he had gone on an expedition with another sportsman. He brought the tiger-cub home and it was brought up by the cook. When its behavior seemed to be different, it was transferred to the Lucknow zoo. Six months later, Grandfather had gone to the zoo and saw Timothy.

As usual, he stroked the tiger’s forehead and ticked his ear. But after some time he was informed by the keeper that he was not Timothy. Timothy had died of pneumonia two months ago. That was a different tiger that was brought from the Siwalik hills last month. That was a dangerous tiger. Then Grandfather returned saying goodnight to Timothy.

ବିଷୟ ପୂଚନ।
ଆବହମାନ କାଳରୁ ମଣିଷ ଏବଂ ପଶୁ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ରହିଆସିଛି । ଆମେ ଅନେକ ପଶୁ ଓ ପକ୍ଷୀଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖୁଛୁ ଯେଉଁମାନେ ମଣିଷ ଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର ଦେଖାଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ପଶୁମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସୁଖ ଓ ଦୁଃଖକୁ ମଣିଷ ସହିତ ବାଣ୍ଟିପାରନ୍ତି । ପଶୁମାନେ ମାନବିକ ଆବେଗକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି । ପଶୁମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଆମେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସ୍ଵର୍ଗୀୟ ସୁଖ ପାଇଥାଉ । ଜେଜେବାପା ଏକଦା ଅନ୍ୟ ଶିକାରୀମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଡେହେରା ନିକଟସ୍ଥ ତରାଇ ଜଙ୍ଗଲକୁ ଶିକାର କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇଥିବାବେଳେ କିପରି ଏକ ବରଗଛର ମୂଳ ସନ୍ଧିରୁ କିପରି ଟିମୋଥ୍ ନାମକ ବାଘଛୁଆଟିକୁ ପାଇଥଲେ ତାହା ଗଳ୍ପରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛି । ସେ ବାଘଛୁଆଟିକୁ ଘରକୁ ଆଣିଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେ ରୋଷେୟାଦ୍ଵାରା ଲାଳିତପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

ତା’ର ବ୍ୟହାରରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିବା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରାଯିବା ପରେ ତାକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତର କରାଗଲା । ଛଅମାସ ପରେ ଜେଜେବାପା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ଯାଇଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଟିମୋଥୁକୁ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ପୂର୍ବପରି ସେ ତା’ର ମୁଣ୍ଡକୁ ଆଉଁସିଲେ ଏକ କାନକୁ ଟାଣିଲେ । କିଛି ସମୟରେ ରଖୁଆଳୀଟି ସେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ନୁହେଁ ବୋଲି ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜଣାଇଲା । ଦୁଇମାସ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ନିମୋନିଆରେ ପୀଡ଼ିତ ହୋଇ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ମରିଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେଇଟି ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ବାଘ ଥିଲା ଯାହାକୁ ଗତ ମାସରେ ସିଲିକ୍ ପର୍ବତରୁ ଅଣାଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେଇଟି ଏକ ଭୟଙ୍କର ବାଘ ଥିଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା ଟିମୋଥକୁ ବିଦାୟ ଜଣାଇ ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ ।

TEXT-I

Para: TIMOTHY, THE TIGER-cub, was discovered by Grandfather on a hunting expedition in the Terai Jungle near Dehra. Grandfather was no Shikari, but as he knew the forests of the Siwalik hills better than most people, he was requested to accompany the party – it consisted of several very important persons from Delhi – to advise on the land and the direction the beaters should take once a tiger had been spotted. The camp itself was sumptuous – seven large tents (one for each shikari), a dining tent, and a number of servants’ tents.

The dinner was very good, as grandfather admitted afterward; it was not often that one saw hot-water plates, finger glasses, and seven or eight courses, in a tent in the jungle! But that was how things were done in the days of the Viceroys. There were also some fifteen elephants, four of them with howdahs for the shikaris, and the others specially trained for taking part in the beat.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଟିମୋଥ୍ ଏକ ବାଘଛୁଆ ଥିଲା ଯାହାକୁ ଡେହେରା ନିକଟସ୍ଥ ତରାଇ ଜଙ୍ଗଲକୁ ଶିକାର ଅଭିଯାନରେ ଯାଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଜେଜେବାପା ପାଇଥିଲେ । ଜେଜେବାପା ଶିକାରୀ ନ ଥିଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ସିୱାଲିକ୍ ପାର୍ବତ୍ୟାଞ୍ଚଳର ଜଙ୍ଗଲ ବିଷୟରେ ସେ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧ‌ିକ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିଥ‌ିବାରୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦଳ ସହ ଯିବାକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । ଦଳଟିରେ ଅନେକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ସାମିଲ ଥିଲେ । ଜଙ୍ଗଲରେ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେବା ଓ ଡ୍ରମ୍ବାଦକମାନଙ୍କୁ ବାଘର ସ୍ଥିତି ଜଣାପଡ଼ିବା ମାତ୍ରେ ଶିବିରଟି ଏକାନ୍ତଭାବେ ଧ୍ୟାନଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଥିଲା । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଶିକାରୀଙ୍କ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲେଖାଏଁ ସାତଟି ବଡ଼ ତମ୍ବୁ, ସ୍ଵୀକାର କରିଥିଲେ ଯେ ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ଥିଲା ।

ଜଣେ ଜଙ୍ଗଲର ଶିବିରରେ ଗରମପାଣି ପାତ୍ରସବୁ ଓ ସାତ ଆଠପ୍ରକାର ଗ୍ଲାସ୍ ଦେଖୁନଥିବ ମାତ୍ର ତାହା ସେଠାରେ ମିଳୁଥିଲା । ଭାଇସ୍‌ୟଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଏପରି ସବୁ ଜିନିଷ ମିଳୁଥିଲା । ସେଠାରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୧୫ଟି ହାତୀ ଥିଲେ, ତନ୍ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ୪ଟି ହାତୀ ଉପରେ ଏକାଧ୍ଵ ଶିକାରୀଙ୍କ ନିମନ୍ତେ ବସିବା ସ୍ଥାନ ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ହାତୀଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାଘ ଘଉଡ଼ାଇବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ନିମନ୍ତେ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ତାଲିମ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
consisted – compromised (ଗଠିତ |)
no shikari – not a hunter
taking part – accompany
tiger-cub – young tiger
hunting – ଶିକାର
expedition – a journey for a particular purpose
several – a few, many
beaters – hunters (ଡ୍ରମବାଦକ)
spotted – saw, noticed, identified
camp – ଶିବିର
a number of – many (ଅନେକ/ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ)
sumptuous – splendid, lavish, costly (ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚବହୁଳ)
admitted – agreed, confessed (ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ|ରାଜି ହେଲେ) .
howdahs – a seat for riding on the back of an elephant or a camel
beat – game ଖେଳ

Para: The sportsmen never saw a tiger, nor did they shoot anything else, though they saw a number of deer, peacocks, and wild boar. They were giving up all hope of finding a tiger and were beginning to shoot at jackals, when Grandfather, strolling down the forest path at some distance from the rest of the party, discovered a little tiger about eighteen inches long, hiding among the intricate roots of a banyan tree. Grandfather picked him up, and brought him home after the camp had broken up. He had the distinction of being the only member of the party to have bagged any game, dead or alive.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଶିକାରୀମାନେ ବାଘଟିଏ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇନଥିଲେ କି ଅନ୍ୟ କିଛି ଶିକାର କରିପାରି ନ ଥିଲେ, ଯଦିଓ ସେମାନେ ଅନେକ ହରିଣ, ମୟୂର ଓ ବଣୁଆ ବାର୍‌ହା ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ବାଘଟିଏ ପାଇବା ଆଶା ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ବିଲୁଆମାନଙ୍କୁ ଶିକାର କରିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ଦେଇଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ବଣ୍ୟରାସ୍ତାରେ ଦଳର ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ କିଛି ଦୂରରେ ଜେଜେବାପା ଏଣେତେଣେ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟହୀନ ଭାବେ ବୁଲୁଥିଲେ, ସେ ଏକ ୧୮ ଇଞ୍ଚ ଲମ୍ବର ବାଘଛୁଆକୁ ଏକ ବରଗଛର ଚେରସନ୍ଧିରେ ଲୁଚିଥିବାର ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଜେଜେବାପା ତାକୁ ଉଠାଇ ଆଣିଲେ ଏବଂ ଶିବିର ଉଠିଯିବା ପରେ ଘରକୁ ନେଇ ଆସିଲେ । ସେ ଦଳରେ ଏକମାତ୍ର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଥିଲେ ଯିଏକି ଘରକୁ ମୃତ ଅଥବା ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଭାବେ ଏକ ଶିକାର ଆଣି ପାରିଥିଲେ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
discovered – found out (ଆବିଷ୍କାର କଲେ)
broken up – closed (ଶେଷ ହେଲା)
distinction – good name
deer – a wild animal
peacock – a large bird (ମୟୂର )
wild boar – ବଣୁଆ ଘୁଷୁରୀ |
give up – ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା
stroll – a slow relaxed walk
intricate – having a lot of different parts and small details that fit together
pick up – lift something

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who was Timothy and where was it discovered?
( ତୀମଥି କିଏ ଏବଂ ଏହା କେଉଁଠାରେ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହେଲା? )
Answer:
Timothy was a tiger cub. It was discovered by the writer’s grandfather when he was strolling the forest path at some distance from the rest of the hunting expedition in the Terai Jungle near Dehra.

Question 2.
Why did Grandfather accompany the party?
( ଜେଜେବାପା କାହିଁକି ପାର୍ଟୀ ସହିତ ଗଲେ? )
Answer:
Grandfather accompanied the party because he knew the forests of Siwalik hills better than most people. Therefore, he was requested to accompany the party, though he was not a shikari.

Question 3.
The writer says that the camp was very splendid. Why?
( ଲେଖକ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଏହି ଶିବିର ବହୁତ ଚମତ୍କାର ଥିଲା। କାହିଁକି? )
Answer:
The writer says that the camp was very splendid because it consisted of seven large tents (one for each Shikari), a dining tent, and a number of servants’ tents. The people who accompanied the party were served delicious food.

Question 4.
Who discovered Timothy and when?
( ତୀମଥିଙ୍କୁ କିଏ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କଲା ଏବଂ କେବେ?)
Answer:
The writer’s grandfather discovered Timothy when his grandfather was strolling down the forest path at some distance from the rest of the party, he discovered Timothy from the intricate roots of a banyan tree where he was hiding.

Question 5.
Do you think Grandfather was very bold? Why do you think so?
( ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ଦାଦା ବହୁତ ସାହସୀ ଥିଲେ? ଆପଣ କାହିଁକି ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି?)
Answer:
Yes, I think Grandfather was very bold because he could dare to accompany the hunting expedition without any hesitation. He picked the eighteen-inch young tiger up from the intricate roots of the banyan tree. He brought the tiger home after the camp had broken up. He took care of the tiger cub at his home like his child.

Question 6.
What kind of special quality did Grandfather have? How was Grandfather different from other members of the party?
( ଦାଦାଙ୍କର କି ପ୍ରକାର ବିଶେଷ ଗୁଣ ଥିଲା? ଦାଦା ଦଳର ଅନ୍ୟ ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ କିପରି ଭିନ୍ନ ଥିଲେ?)
Answer:
Grandfather was adventurous and courageous by nature. He accompanied the hunting expedition without any hesitation. He was different from other members of the party to have bagged any game, catching animals that were either dead or alive.

Question 7.
Do you think Grandfather Will pet the tiger cub at home?
( ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ଦାଦା ଘରେ ଟାଇଗର ଛୁଆକୁ ପୋଷା କରିବେ |)
Answer:
Yes, I think Grandfather will pet the tiger cub at home because he picked the cub from the intricate roots of the banyan tree and brought him home after the camp had broken up.

TEXT – II

Para: At first the tiger cub, who was named Timothy by Grandmother, was brought up entirely on milk given to him in a feeding bottle by our cock, Mahmoud. But the milk proved too rich for him, and he was put on a diet of raw mutton and cod liver oil, to be followed later by a tempting diet of pigeons and rabbits.
Timothy was provided with two companions – Toto, the monkey, who was bold enough to pull the young tiger by the tail, and then climb up the curtains if Timothy lost his temper, and a small mongrel puppy, found on the road by Grandfather.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜେଜେମା’ଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଟିମୋଥ୍ ନାମରେ ନାମିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ବାଘଛୁଆଟି ପ୍ରଥମେ ରୋଷେୟା ମାସୁଦ୍ଦ୍ୱାରା ବୋତଲରେ ପୂରାଇ ଦିଆଯାଉଥ‌ିବା କ୍ଷୀରଦ୍ୱାରା ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣରୂପେ ପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ମାତ୍ର କ୍ଷୀର ତା’ ପାଇଁ ଖୁବ୍ ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ତାକୁ କଞ୍ଚାମାଂସ ଓ କଡ଼୍ ତେଲ ଖାଇବାକୁ ଦିଆଗଲା ଓ ପରେ ପାରା ଓ ଠେକୁଆମାନଙ୍କ ଲୋଭନୀୟ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଦିଆଗଲା । ଟିମୋଥ୍ର ଦୁଇଜଣ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଥିଲେ – ଟୋଟୋ ନାମକ ମାଙ୍କଡ଼ ଯିଏକି ସାହସ କରି ବାଘଛୁଆର ଲାଞ୍ଜକୁ ଟାଣି ଦେଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ଯଦି ରାଗି ଯାଉଥୁଲା ତେବେ ସେ ପରଦା ଉପରକୁ ଚଢ଼ି ଯାଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ କୁକୁର ଛୁଆଟିଏ ଯାହାକୁ ଜେଜେବାପା ରାସ୍ତାକଡ଼ରୁ ପାଇଥିଲେ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
proved too much – became very indigestive
put as a diet – was given simple food
raw mutton – କଞ୍ଚା ମଟନ୍ |
was provided – was kept
companions – playmates
very bold – very courageous
cub – baby tiger
brought up – was taken care of
entirely – completely
tempting – attractive, tasty
temper – an angry state of mind
mongrel – a kind of dog
puppy – baby dog

Para: At first Timothy appeared to be quite afraid of the puppy, and darted back with a spring if it came too near. Finally, he allowed the puppy to crawl on his back and rest there! One of Timothy’s favorite amusements was to stalk anyone who should play with him, and so, when I came to live with Grandfather, I became one of the tiger’s favorites. With a crafty look in his glittering eyes, and his body crouching, he would creep closer and closer to me, suddenly making a dash for my feet, rolling over on his back and kicking with delight, and pretending to bite my ankles.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ପ୍ରଥମେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ କୁକୁର ଛୁଆକୁ ଡରିବା ଭଳି ଜଣାପଡୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଏହା ତା’ର ଖୁବ୍ ନିକଟକୁ ଆସିଗଲେ କୁଦାମାରି ପଳାଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା । ଶେଷରେ ସେ କୁକୁରଛୁଆକୁ ତା’ ପିଠିରେ ଘଷିହେବାକୁ ଓ ଶୋଇବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେଲା । ଯିଏ ତା’ ସହିତ ଖେଳୁଥୁଲା ତା’ ପଛେପଛେ ଲୁଚିଛପି ଯିବା ଟିମୋଥର ପ୍ରିୟ କୌତୁକ ଥୁଲା; ତେଣୁ ମୁଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚକ୍‌କ୍ କରୁଥ୍ ଆଖୁ ସହିତ ସେ ଜାକିଜୁକି ହୋଇ ମୋ ନିକଟକୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚି ଘୁଞ୍ଚି ଆସେ, ହଠାତ୍ ମୋ ପାଦକୁ ଧରିବାକୁ କୁଦା ମାରେ, ପିଠିରେ ଗଡ଼ିଯାଇ ଗୋଡ଼ ବାଡ଼ାଏ ଏବଂ ମୋ’ର ଗୋଇଠି ଦୁଇଟିକୁ କାମୁଡ଼ିବାର ଛଳନା କରେ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
appear – to be seen
quite – complete
darted back – drew back
stalk – follow stealthily
amusement – entertainment
a crafty look – a clever look
glittering – shining
with a spring – with a jump
to crawl – to walk on the chest
rest – sit
crouch – bend the knees and bring the upper body forward and down
creep – slow-moving
dash – run rapidly
kicking with delight – ଆନନ୍ଦରେ କିସ୍
pretend – feign

Para: He was by this time the size of a full-grown retriever, and when I took him out for walks, people on the road would give us a wide berth. When he pulled hard on his chain, I had difficulty in keeping up with him. His favorite place in the house was the drawing-room, and he would make himself comfortable on the long sofa, reclining there with great dignity, and snarling at anybody who tried to get him off.

Timothy had clean habits and would scrub his face with his paws exactly like a cat. He slept at night in the cook’s quarters and was always delighted at being let out by him in the morning. ‘One of these days, declared Grandfather in his prophetic manner, ‘we are going to find Timothy sitting on Mahmoud’s bed, and no sign of the cook except his clothes and shoes!’

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସେତେବେଳକୁ ସେ ଏକ ପୂର୍ଣ-ବୃଦ୍ଧିପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ରିଟ୍ରିଭର କୁକୁର ଆକାରର ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାକୁ ଚଲାଇବାକୁ ବାହାରକୁ ନେଉଥୁଲି, ଲୋକମାନେ ତା’ପାଇଁ ଅଧୂକ ଜାଗା ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଉଥିଲେ । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଲୁହାକଡ଼ିରେ ବନ୍ଧାହେବା ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଟାଣୁଥିଲା । ମୁଁ ତାକୁ ସମ୍ଭାଳି ରଖୁବା କଷ୍ଟକର ହେଉଥିଲା । ଘରେ ତା’ର ସବୁଠାରୁ ପ୍ରିୟ ସ୍ଥାନ ଥିଲା ବୈଠକ ଗୃହ ଏବଂ ସେ ସେଠାରେ ଏକ ଲମ୍ବା ସୋଫା ଉପରେ ଗୋଡ଼ ହାତ ହେଉଥିଲା ।

ଟିମୋଥ୍ର ସଫାସୁତୁରା ରହିବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ବିଲେଇଟିଏ ଭଳି ନିଜ ପଞ୍ଝାରେ ମୁହଁକୁ ଘଷି ସଫା କରୁଥିଲା । ସେ ରାତିରେ ରୋଷେୟାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଘରେ ଶୋଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସକାଳେ ସେ ତାକୁ ବୁଲାଇବାକୁ ନେବାବେଳେ ଖୁବ୍ ଖୁସି ହେଉଥିଲା । ଦିନେ ଜେଜେବାପା ଦାର୍ଶନିକ ଭଳି କହିଲେ, ‘ଦିନେ ଆମେ ଦେଖୁବା ଟିମୋଥ୍ ମାମୁଦ୍ରର ବିଛଣା ଉପରେ ବସିଥ‌ିବ ଏବଂ ରୋଷେୟାର ଜୋତା ଏବଂ ପୋଷାକ ଛଡ଼ା ଅନ୍ୟ କିଛି ଚିହ୍ନବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନ ଥ‌ିବ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
retriever took out – a large dog with thick black or brown fur
Took out – took outside
berth – (here) place
pulled hard – drew strongly
keep up with – continue
reclining – sitting in a relaxed
scrub – clean by rubbing
snarling – barking angrily
at being let out – at being taken outside
get off – to raise him from sleep
paws – feet of the animal
delight – to feel very happy
prophetic – accurately predicting the future

Para: Of course, it never came to that, but when Timothy was about six months old a change came over him; he grew steadily less friendly. When out for a walk with me, he would try to steal away to stalk a cat or someone’s pet Pekinese. Sometimes at night, we would hear frenzied cackling from the poultry house and in the mornings there would be feathers lying all over the veranda. Timothy had to be chained up more often.

And finally, when he began to stalk Mahmoud about the house with what looked like villainous intent, Grandfather decided it was time to transfer him to a zoo. The nearest zoo was Lucknow, two hundred miles away. Reserving a first-class compartment for himself and Timothy-no one would share a compartment with them- Grandfather took him to Lucknow where the zoo authorities were only too glad to receive as a gift a well-fed and fairly civilized tiger.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଅବଶ୍ୟ ଏପରି କେବେ ଘଟି ନ ଥୁଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ଯେତେବେଳେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୬ ମାସର ହେଲା, ତାର ଏକ ବିରାଟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଆସିଲା । ଅସମ୍ଭବ ଭାବେ ତାର ବନ୍ଧୁତା ଭାବ କମିଗଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ମୋ ସହିତ ଚାଲିବାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲା, ସେ ଲୁଚିଛପି ଗୋଟିଏ ବିଲେଇ ବା କାହାର ପୋଷାଜୀବଙ୍କୁ ଉଠାଇ ନେଉଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ରାତିରେ ପଡ଼ୁଥ‌ିବାର ଦେଖୁଥିଲୁ । ଟିମୋଥ୍ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ସବୁବେଳେ ବନ୍ଧା ହୋଇ ରହୁଥିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେ ମାମୁଦ୍ରକୁ ମନ୍ଦ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ରଖ୍ ଘରସାରା ଅନୁସରଣ କଲା, ସେତେବେଳେ ଜେଜେବାପା

ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେଲେ ଯେ ଏବେ ତାକୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତର କରିବାର ସମୟ ଆସିଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଇଶହ ମାଇଲ ଦୂରସ୍ଥ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନା ନିକଟତମ ଥିଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା ଟିମୋଥ୍ପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରଥମ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବଗି ସଂରକ୍ଷିତ କରି ତାକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ ନେଲେ କାରଣ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସହ କେହି ବଗିରେ ଯିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁବେ ନାହିଁ । ସେଠାରେ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାର କର୍ମକର୍ତ୍ତାମାନେ ଖୁସିର ସହ ହୃଷ୍ଟପୁଷ୍ଟ ପୋଷାବାଘଟିକୁ ଉପହାରରୂପେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
steadily – gradually
stalk – follow stealthily
steal away – to sneak
frenzied cackling – violent cry, or noise of the chickens
villainous – with evil motives
grew less friendly – became friendless
poultry – the shed of chicks
reserving – keeping for a person
compartment – a coach
Pekinese – a kind of dog
reserve – ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ
glad – happy
fairly – beautifully
fairly civilized – (here) tamed very gently

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who are there in this part of the story?
(ଗଳ୍ପର ଏହି ଅଂଶରେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରମାନେ ଅଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
In this part of the story Timothy, his two companions Toto, the monkey, a mongrel puppy, the writer, his grandparents, and the cook are there in this part of the story.

Question 2.
Who named the tiger cub and who brought it up?
(ଏହି ବାଘଛୁଆର ନାମକରଣ କିଏ କରିଥିଲେ ଏବଂ କିଏ ଏହାକୁ ଲାଳନପାଳନ କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The writer’s Grandmother named the tiger cub Timothy and the cook Mahmoud brought it up.

Question 3.
What was the diet of the tiger cub?
(ଏହି ବ୍ୟାଘ୍ର ଛୁଆର ଖାଦ୍ୟ କଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
At first, the diet of the tiger cub was milk. Then milk proved too rich for him and he was put on a diet of raw mutton and cod liver oil, to be followed later by a
tempting diet of pigeons and rabbits.

Question 4.
Who were Timothy’s companions at home?
(ଘରେ କେଉଁମାନେ ଟିମୋଥର ସାଙ୍ଗ ଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Toto, the monkey, and a small mongrel puppy were Timothy’s companions at home.

Question 5.
What was Timothy’s favorite amusement? How did the writer become Timothy’s favorite?
(ଟିମୋଥର ପ୍ରିୟ ଖେଳ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ? ଲେଖକ କିପରି ଟିମୋଥର ପ୍ରିୟ ହେଲେ ?)
Answer:
Timothy’s favorite amusement was to stalk anyone who should play with him. Therefore, the writer became Timothy’s favorite when he came to live with
Grandfather.

Question 6.
What kind of change came over Timothy when he was six months old?
(ଯେତେବେଳେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ଛଅ ମାସ ବୟସର ହେଲା ତାର କିପ୍ରକାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଲା ?)
Answer:
When Timothy was six months old, a change came over him. He grew steadily less friendly. When out for a walk with the writer, he would try to steal away to stalk a cat or someone’s pet dog, Pekinese.

Question 7.
Grandfather decided to transfer Timothy to the zoo. Why?
(ଜେଜେବାପା ଟିମୋଥ୍କୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତର କରିବା ପାଇଁ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେଲେ । କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Timothy began to stalk Mahmoud about the house with what looked like villainous intent. He grew less friendly. He tried to steal away to stalk a cat and a pet
Pekinese. At night Timothy killed and ate up chicks. So grandfather decided to transfer Timothy to the zoo.

Question 8.
Where did Grandfather take him and how?
(ଜେଜେବାପା ତାଙ୍କୁ କେଉଁଠାକୁ ଓ କିପରି ନେଲେ ?)
Answer:
Grandfather took him to the zoo at Lucknow, which was a distance of two hundred miles away from their home. To get Timothy to the zoo, he reserved a first-class compartment for himself and Timothy as no one would like to travel in the same compartment with them.

Question 9.
Do you think Timothy will be happy at the new place?
(ଟିମୋଥ୍ ସେହି ନୂଆ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଖୁସି ରହିଥବ ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ?)
Answer:
No, I don’t think Timothy will be happy in the new place because he will lose his freedom and friendship. He will be confined to a particular cage. He will remain away from his master and other companions.

TEXT-III

Para t About six months later, when my grandparents were visiting relatives in Lucknow, Grandfather took the opportunity of calling at the zoo to see how Timothy was getting on. I was not there to accompany him, but I heard all about it when he returned to Dehra. Arriving at the zoo, Grandfather made straight for the particular cage in which Timothy had been locked up. The tiger was there, crouched in a corner, full-grown and with a magnificent striped coat. ‘Hello Timothy ! said grandfather and, climbing the railing with ease, he put his arm through the bars of the cage.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଛଅ ମାସ ପରେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ମୋ ଜେଜେବାପା ଓ ଜେଜେମା’ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌରେ ଥିବା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭେଟିବାକୁ ଯାଇଥିଲେ, ଜେଜେବାପା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ଯିବା ଓ ଟିମୋଥ୍ କିପରି ଅଛି ଦେଖିବାର ସୁଯୋଗ ନେଇଥିଲେ । ମୁଁ ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ନ ଥୁଲି, କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ହେଲାକ୍ ଫେରିଲା ପରେ ମୁଁ ସେ ବିଷୟରେ ସବୁ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଥିଲି । ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାରେ ପହଞ୍ଚ୍ ଜେଜେବାପା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାରେ ଟିମୋଥ୍କୁ ଯେଉଁ ଜନ୍ତାରେ ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ସେଠାକୁ ସିଧା ଗଲେ । ବାଘଟି ସେଠାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ କୋଣରେ ଗୋଡ଼ଭାଙ୍ଗି ବସି ରହିଥିଲା । ସେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୃଦ୍ଧିପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ସ ତା ଦେହରେ ଚମତ୍କାର ଛକ ଦାଗସବୁ ଥିଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା ‘ହେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ !’ ବୋଲି କହିଲେ ଏବଂ ସ୍ବଚ୍ଛନ୍ଦରେ ଲୁହା ଧାର ଉପରେ ଚଢ଼ିଯାଇ ଜନ୍ତାର ଲୁହା ବାଡ଼ା ଭିତରେ ହାତ ପୂରାଇଲେ । ଭିତରେ ହାତ ପୂରାଇଲେ ।

Word Meaning/Glossary:
opportunity – chance
accompany – to go with
straight – ସିଧା
crouch – bend the knees and bring the upper body forward and down
magnificent – very beautiful
striped – having stripes

Para: The tiger approached the bars, and allowed Grandfather to put both hands around his head. Grandfather stroked the tiger’s forehead and ticked his ear, and, whenever he growled, smacked him across the mouth, which was his old way of keeping him quiet. He licked Grandfather’s hands and only sprang away when a leopard in the next cage snarled at him. Grandfather ‘shoed’ the leopard away, and the tiger returned to lick his hands, but every now and then the leopard would rush at the bars, and the tiger would slink back to his corner.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ବାଘଟି ଲୁହା ବାଡ଼ା ନିକଟକୁ ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କୁ ତା’ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ଚାରିପଟେ ଦୁଇ ହାତ ରଖିବାକୁ ଦେଲା । ଦେଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା ତା’ର ମୁଣ୍ଡକୁ ଆଉଁସିଦେଲେ ଓ କାନକୁ ମୋଡ଼ିଲେ । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଗର୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲା ସେ ତା’ ପାଟିକୁ ଥାପୁଡ଼େଇ ଦେଉଥିଲେ, ଯାହାକି ବାଘକୁ ନୀରବ ରଖିବାକୁ ସେ ପୂର୍ବରୁ କରୁଥିଲେ ।ସେ ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କ ହାତ ଦୁଇଟିକୁ ଚାଟୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଠିକ୍ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଯନ୍ତାରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଚିତାବାଘଟି ତା’ପ୍ରତି ଖିଙ୍କାରି ହେଉଥିଲା ସେତେବେଳେ ଦୂରକୁ ଚାଲଯାଉଥିଲେ । ଜେଜେବାପା ଜୋତାରେ ବାଡ଼େଇବା ଶବ୍ଦ କରି ଚିତାବାଘକୁ ଘଉଡ଼ାଇ ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ବାଘଟି ତାଙ୍କ ହାତ ଚାଟିବାକୁ ଫେରୁଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରତି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ଚିତାବାଘଟି ବାଡ଼ା ନିକଟକୁ ଚାଲି ଆସୁଥୁଲା ଓ ବାଘଟି ଗୋଟିଏ କୋଣକୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚି ଯାଉଥିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
approach – reach, come near
stroke – move one’s hand with gentle pressure
ticked – turned up slightly
growled – a low rumbling sound out of anger
quiet – keeping silent
licked – moving tongue across the surface
sprang away – moved away quickly
snarled – barked angrily
rush – move fast
slink – move in a stealthily way
shoed away – drove away

Para: A number of people had gathered to watch the reunion when a keeper pushed his way through the crowd and asked grandfather what he was doing. I’m talking to Timothy’, said Grandfather, ‘Weren’t you here when I gave him to the zoo six months ago ?” 7 haven’t been here very long, said the surprised keeper, ‘Please continue your conversation. But I have never been able to touch him myself, he is always very bad-tempered. Why don’t you put him somewhere else ?’ suggested Grandfather.

‘That leopard keeps frightening him. I’ll go and see the Superintendent about it. Grandfather went in search of the superintendent of the zoo, but found that he had gone home early; and so, after wandering about the zoo for a little while, he returned to Timothy’s cage to say goodbye. It was beginning to get dark.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏହି ପୁନର୍ମିଳନକୁ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଅନେକ ଲୋକ ସେଠାରେ ଭିଡ଼ ଜମାଇ ସାରିଥିଲେ; ଯେତେବେଳେ ଜଣେ ଜଗୁଆଳୀ ଭିଡ଼ ଠେଲି ଭିତରକୁ ପଶିଲା ଓ ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କୁ ସେ କ’ଣ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି ପଚାରିଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା କହିଲେ, ‘ମୁଁ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ସହ କଥା ହେଉଛି । ମୁଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ୬ ମାସ ତଳେ ତାକୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ପଠାଇଥୁଲି ସେତେବେଳେ ତୁମେ ଏଠାରେ ନ ଥୁଲ କି ? ଜଗୁଆଳୀ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇ କହିଲା, ‘ମୁଁ ଏଠାରେ ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ଦିନ ହେଲା ଅଛି । ଦୟାକରି ଆପଣଙ୍କ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଚାଲୁ ରଖନ୍ତୁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ତାକୁ କେବେହେଲେ ନିଜେ ଛୁଇଁ ପାରି ନାହିଁ, କାରଣ ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ କ୍ରୋଧୃତ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥାଏ ।’’ ଜେଜେବାପା ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦେଇ କହିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ ତାକୁ କାହିଁକି ଅନ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠାରେ ରଖୁନାହଁ ।

ସେହି ଚିତାବାଘଟି ତାକୁ ଭୟଭୀତ କରି ରଖୁଛି । ମୁଁ ଯାଇ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱାବଧାରକଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖାକରି ଏ ବିଷୟରେ କଥା ହେବି ।’’ ଜେଜେବାପା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାର ତତ୍ତ୍ୱବଧାରକଙ୍କ ଅନ୍ଵେଷଣ ଚାଲିଗଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ସେ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଘରକୁ ପଳାଇ ଯାଉଛନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାରେ କିଛି ସମୟ ଏଣେତେଣେ ବୁଲିବା ପରେ ସେ ଟିମୋଠାରୁ ବିଦାୟ ନେବା ପାଇଁ ତା’ ଯନ୍ତା ନିକଟକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ଚାରିଆଡ଼ ଅନ୍ଧାର ହେବା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
in search of – to find someone
a number of people – ଅନେକ ଲୋକ
gathered – ଏକତ୍ରିତ ହେଲା |
conversation – ବାର୍ତ୍ତାଳାପ |
bad-tempered – easily annoyed
suggested – gave the proposal
frightening – causing to be afraid
wander – walk aimlessly
to get dark – became evening
leopard – a type of large wild cat Leopards have yellow fur with black spots.
Superintendent – an officer above the rank of inspectors

Para: He had been stroking and slapping Timothy for about five minutes when he found another keeper observing him with some alarm. Grandfather recognized him as the keeper who had been there when Timothy had first come to the zoo. You remember me, Grandfather. ‘Now why don’t you transfer Timothy to another cage, away from this stupid leopard? ‘But – sir’ stammered the keeper, ‘it is not your tiger’. 7 know, I know said Grandfather testily.

1 realize he is no longer mine. But you might at least take a suggestion or two from me. 7 remember your tiger very well,’ said the keeper. ‘He died two months ago.’ ‘Died’! exclaimed Grandfather. ‘Yes, Sir, of pneumonia. This tiger was trapped in the hills only last month, and he is very dangerous !’ Grandfather could think of nothing to say. The tiger was still licking his arm, with increasing relish. Grandfather took what seemed to him an age to withdraw his hand from the cage. With his face near the tiger’s, he mumbled, ‘Good night, Timothy’, and giving the keeper a scornful look, walked briskly out of the zoo.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସେ ପାଞ୍ଚମିନିଟ୍ ଧରି ଟିମୋଥ୍‌କୁ ଆଉଁସୁଥିଲେ ଓ ଥାପୁଡ଼ାଉଥିଲେ ସେତେବେଳେ ଆଉ ଜଣେ ଜଗୁଆଳୀ ଭୟବିହ୍ବଳ ହୋଇ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରୁଥିବାର ସେ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଜେଜେବାପା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଚିହ୍ନିଲେ, ଟିମୋଥ୍ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ଆସିବାବେଳେ ସେ ସେଠାରେ ଥିଲା । ଜେଜେବାପା ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ତୁମେ ମୋତେ ଚିହ୍ନିପାରୁଛ ତ ! ଏବେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ତୁମେମାନେ କାହିଁକି ଏହି ମୂର୍ଖ ଚିତାବାଘ ନିକଟରୁ ଦୂରକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଯନ୍ତାକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତର କରୁନାହଁ ? ଜଗୁଆଳୀଟି ଖନେଇ ଖନେଇ କହିଲା, ‘କିନ୍ତୁ ମହାଶୟ, ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କର ବାଘ ନୁହେଁ ।’’ ଜେଜେବାପା ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ମୁଁ ଜାଣିଛି, ମୁଁ ଜାଣିଛି । ଏହା ଆଉ ମୋର ହୋଇ ନାହିଁ, କିନ୍ତୁ ତୁମେ ଅନ୍ତତଃ ମୋର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ।’’

ଜଗୁଆଳୀଟି କହିଲା, ‘‘ମୁଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ବାଘକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଭଲ ଭାବେ ଚିହ୍ନିଛି । ସେ ଦୁଇ ମାସ ତଳେ ମରିଗଲା ।’’ ‘ମରିଗଲା !’’ ଜେଜେବାପା ବିସ୍ମିତ ହୋଇ କହିଲେ । ‘ମରିଗଲା !’’ ଜେଜେବାପା ବିସ୍ମିତ ହୋଇ କହିଲେ । ‘‘ହଁ ମହାଶୟ, ନିମୋନିଆରେ ମରିଗଲା । ଏ ବାଘଟି ମାସକ ତଳେ ପାହାଡ଼ରୁ ଧରାଯାଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଏହା ଖୁବ୍ ଜେଜେବାପା କ’ଣ କହିବେ କିଛି ଭାବିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ବାଘଟି ତଥାପି ତାଙ୍କ ହାତକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ଚାଟୁଥାଏ । ଜେଜେବାପା ଯନ୍ତା ଭିତରୁ ତାଙ୍କ ହାତ ବାହାର କରି ଆଣିବା ପାଇଁ ଦୀର୍ଘ ସମୟ ଲାଗିଗଲା । ବାଘ ନିକଟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମୁହଁ ରଖୁ ସେ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ସ୍ବରରେ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ଶୁଭରାତ୍ରି, ଟିମୋଥ୍ !’’ ଏବଂ ଜଗୁଆଳୀଟିକୁ ଘୃଣାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଚାହିଁ ତରବରିଆ ଭାବେ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନା ବାହାରକୁ ଚାଲିଆସିଲେ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
stroking and slapping – tapping fondly;
observe – watch attentively
alarm – a warning of danger
recognized – identified as already known
stammer – to speak with involuntary pauses
relish – great pleasure
mumbled – to speak indistinctly or quietly
briskly – actively and energetically, quickly
with a scornful look – with a hateful look
was trapped – was caught

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Read the last part of the story and say what it is about.
(ଗଳ୍ପର ଶେଷ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ଏହା କାହା ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ କୁହ ।)
Answer:
The last part of the story is about grandfather’s last visit to the zoo and the familiar relationship that exists between man and animals. Man and animal share each other’s emotions. Though grandfather stroked and slapped an unknown tiger thinking it to be Timothy, it also appreciated grandfather’s emotion by licking his hands, though it was a furious tiger and his departure from the zoo with a heavy heart.

Question 2.
When did Grandfather visit the zoo and why?
(ଜେଜେବାପା କେତେବେଳେ ସେହି ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନା ବୁଲିବାକୁ ଆସିଲେ ଏବଂ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
About six months later the transfer of Timothy to the zoo, Grandfather again visited the zoo. Because at that time Grandfather and Grandmother had gone to Lucknow to visit some relatives. So Grandfather had an opportunity to visit the zoo to know about Timothy.

Question 3.
What did Grandfather do at the cage where Timothy was kept ?
(ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଟିମୋଥଙ୍କୁ ରଖାଯାଇଥିଲା ସେହି ଯନ୍ତା ନିକଟରେ ଜେଜେବାପା କଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
Grandfather went straight to that particular cage where Timothy had been
locked up and saw the tiger crouched in a corner. Putting his arm through the bars of the cage he stroked the tiger’s forehead and ticked his ear as the tiger approached the bars. The tiger allowed grandfather to put his both hands around his head.

Question 4.
How did the tiger behave towards Grandfather?
(ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ବାଘଟି କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲା ?)
Answer:
The tiger behaved very friendly towards Grandfather. He approached the bars of the cage and licked Grandmother’s hands. He seemed to sense Grandfather’s emotion towards him and behaved accordingly.

Question 5.
What did he suggest to the keeper?
(ସେ ଜଗୁଆଳୀଙ୍କୁ କଣ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
He suggested the keeper shift the tiger to another cage as he was frightened by the stupid leopard in the nearby cage.

Question 6.
Was the tiger really Timothy? How do you know this?
(ବାଘଟି ବାସ୍ତବରେ ଟିମୋଥ୍ ଥିଲା କି ? ତୁମେ ଏହା କିପରି ଜାଣୁଛ ?)
Answer:
No, the tiger was not really Timothy. We know it from the story when the speaker told Grandfather that Timothy had died of pneumonia two months ago and that was another dangerous tiger brought from the hill only a month ago.

Question 7.
What did the keeper say to Grandfather about the tiger?
(ଜଗୁଆଳୀଟି ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କୁ ବାଘ ବିଷୟରେ କଣ କହିଲେ ?)
Answer:
The keeper told Grandfather that the tiger was not Timothy. Timothy had died of pneumonia two months ago. That was a different tiger that had been brought from the hills one month before. That was a dangerous tiger.

Question 8.
What made Grandfather give a scornful look at the keeper?
(ଜେଜେବାପା କଣ ପାଇଁ ଜଗୁଆଳୀକୁ ଘୃଣାପୂର୍ବ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଚାହିଁଲେ ?)
Answer:
Grandfather came to know from the keeper that Timothy had died of pneumonia. He was heartbroken at the untimely death of his dear Timothy. The first keeper whom the grandfather met the first time was afraid of the tiger near whom he stayed all the time. They never tried to develop their relationship with the animals. So Grandfather gave a scornful look at the keeper and left the zoo.

Question 9.
Which character in this story do you like most and why?
(ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରଟିକୁ ତୁମେ ବେଶି ଭଲ ପାଉଛ ଏବଂ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The character we like most in the story is Grandfather because he is the dominating character having a unique personality. He was a great lover of animals. He had kept with him a monkey and a mongrel puppy. He had also kept Timothy, a tiger cub as a pet at his home. After the tiger had been transferred to Lucknow zoo, he revisited the zoo to know about Timothy.

Question 10.
Can you give another title to the story? Give reasons for your new title?
(ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପର ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ନାମ ଦେଇପାରିବ କି ? ଗଳ୍ପର ନୂଆ ନାମର କାରଣ ଦର୍ଶାଅ ।)
Answer:
“Grandfather; A Great Lover of Animals” is an apt title for this story. Because Grandfather was a great lover of animals and he had kept with him a monkey and a mongrel puppy. He was treating the animals with great affection and love. Even he treated a tiger, the ferocious animal, with love and affection in the zoo at Lucknow.

D. WRITING

Answer the following questions in about fifty words.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରାୟ ପଚାଶଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
Who was Timothy? What made Grandfather bring him home with him?
(ଟିମୋଥ୍ କିଏ ? ଜେଜେବାପା ତାକୁ କଣ ପାଇଁ ଘରକୁ ଆଣିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Timothy was a tiger cub that was discovered by Grandfather on a hunting expedition in the Terai Jungle near Dehra. When the sportsmen of the party were giving up all hopes of finding a tiger and started shooting at jackals, Grandfather strolled down the forest path at some distance from the rest of the party, and discovered a baby tiger from the intricate roots of a banyan tree. He picked it up and brought it home when the camp had broken up.

Question 2.
Who were Timothy’s companions and how was he brought up at home?
(ଟିମୋଥ୍ର ବନ୍ଧୁମାନେ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେ ଘରେ କିପରି ଲାଳିତପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
Toto, the monkey, and a small mongrel puppy were two companions of Timothy. Toto, the monkey was bold enough to pull the young tiger by the tail. When Timothy became angry, Toto climbed up the curtains. At first, Timothy was afraid of the puppy. Later he allowed the puppy to crawl on his back and rest there. They became good friends. At first, Timothy was brought up entirely on milk given to him in a feeding bottle by the cook. Then he was put on a diet of raw meat and cod liver oil and later on he was given an attractive diet of pigeons and rabbits.

Question 3.
Why did Grandfather decide to transfer Timothy to a zoo?
(କଣ ପାଇଁ ଜେଜେବାପା ଟିମୋଥୁକୁ ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତରିତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସ୍ଥିର କଲେ ?)
Answer:
When Timothy was about six months old, a change came over him. He became less friendly. Sometimes when the writer was taking him out, he would try to steal away to stalk a cat or other’s pet animals. He even did not spare the poultry house. At night he was entering stealthily the poultry house and the family members found feathers lying all over the veranda in the morning. So most often Timothy had to be chained up. And finally, he began to stalk Mahmoud about the house with villainous intent. Grandfather decided it was time to transfer him to a zoo.

Question 4.
What things did Grandfather do at the cage when he visited the zoo?
(ଯେତେବେଳେ ଜେଜେବାପା ଚିଡ଼ିଆଖାନାକୁ ବୁଲିବାକୁ ଯାଇଥିଲେ, ସେ ଯନ୍ତା ନିକଟରେ କଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
About six months later, when the writer’s Grandparents were visiting relatives in Lucknow, Grandfather had an opportunity to visit the zoo and see Timothy. Arriving at the zoo, he went to the particular cage where Timothy had been locked up. He saw the full-grown tiger crouched in a corner climbing the railing and putting his arm through the bars of the cage, Grandfather put both his hands around his head as the tiger approached the bars. He stroked the tiger’s forehead and ticked his ear. When he growled, Grandfather smacked him across the mouth. The tiger also licked Grandfather’s hands. So the meeting was very cordial.

Question 5.
How did the tiger react to Grandfather’s activities?
(ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ଉପରେ ବାଘର କିପରି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
When Grandfather stroked the tiger’s forehead and ticked his ear, the tiger started licking Grandfather’s hands. There was a leopard in the nearby cage. When he snarled at the tiger, the tiger sprang away. Every now and then, the leopard would rush at the bars, and the tiger would slink back to his corner. The tiger’s reaction to his Grandfather’s activities was very positive and friendly. He seemed to sense Grandfather’s emotions and act accordingly.

Question 6.
What made Grandfather become so sad and what happened to him in the end?
(ଜେଜେବାପା କଣ ପାଇଁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଦୁଃଖିତ ହେଲେ ଏବଂ ଶେଷରେ ତାଙ୍କର କଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
Grandfather came to know from the keeper that Timothy died of pneumonia two months ago. The tiger whom he thought Timothy was a ferocious tiger brought from the hills last month. Hearing this news Grandfather became very sad as Timothy was very dear to him. Again, he felt very sorry to know about the unfriendly treatment of the keepers to the beasts kept in the zoo. They never showed kindness towards the animals and never tried to develop a friendly attitude toward them.

Question 7.
Can you suggest some more lines to end the story in a different way?
(ତୁମେ ଗପଟିକୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ ଶେଷ କରିବାକୁ ଅଧ୍ଵ କେତେକ ଧାଡ଼ି ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ କରି ପାରିବ କି ?)
Answer:
The sad news for the Grandfather was the death of Timothy from pneumonia two months ago. If that had not happened, it would have been a better story. The tiger would have shifted to a different cage. Grandfather would have spent some more happy moments with the tiger. If Timothy had not died, Grandfather would have returned home happily. The ending of the story would have been delightful.

E. ACTIVITY

Activity – I
Read the statements under column ‘A’ and write the names of the characters under ‘B’ (who said) and the names under ‘C’ (to whom ?). The first one has been done for you.
(A ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ତଳେ ଥ‌ିବା ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ B ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ତଳେ ଯେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ର କହିଛନ୍ତି ତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ଲେଖ ଏବଂ C ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ତଳେ ଯାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଇଛି ତାଙ୍କ ନାମ ଲେଖ । ପ୍ରଥମଟି ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

A	B	C
Statements of the Character (What?)	(Who said?)	(To whom?)
I become one of the tiger’s favorites.	The writer	The readers
I am talking to Timothy.
It is not your tiger.
I realize he is no longer mine.
He died two months ago.
Good night! Tirñothy.

Answer:

A	B	C
Statements of the Character (What?)	(Who said?)	(To whom?)
I become one of the tiger’s favorites	The writer	The readers
I am talking to Timothy.	Grandfather	The first keeper
It is not your tiger.	The second keeper	Grandfather
I realize he is no longer mine.	Grandfather	The second keeper
He died two months ago.	The second keeper	Grandfather
Good night! Tirñothy.	Grandfather	Timothy

Activity — II
Read the following jumbled sentences and arrange them in the proper order to get the summary of the story, “A Tiger in The House”. “A Tiger in The House”
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଭୁଲ୍ କ୍ରମରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ “A Tiger in The House” ଗଳ୍ପର ସାରାଂଶଟିକୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ କ୍ରମରେ ପାଇବାକୁ ସଜାଅ ।)

1. Grandfather took Timothy to a zoo in Lucknow.
2. Timothy was brought up properly with an attractive and good diet.
3. Timothy was discovered by Grandfather on a hunting expedition and was brought home.
4. The zoo authorities were glad to receive the well-fed and fairly civilized tiger as a gift.
5. When Timothy was about six months old, a change came over him and he became less friendly and more furious.
6. About six months later, Grandfather visited the zoo to see Timothy, the tiger.
7. Grandfather left the zoo very sadly.
8. The keeper said that the tiger had died two months before.
9. Timothy lived happily like one of the members of the writer’s family.
Answer:
3. Timothy was discovered by Grandfather on a hunting expedition and was brought home.
2. Timothy was brought up properly with an attractive and good diet.
9. Timothy lived happily like one of the members of the writer’s family.
5. When Timothy was about six months old, a change came over him and he became less friendly and more furious.
1. Grandfather took Timothy to a zoo in Lucknow.
4. The zoo authorities were glad to receive the well-fed and fairly civilized tiger as a gift.
6. About six months later, Grandfather visited the zoo to see Timothy, the tiger.
8. The keeper said that the tiger had died two months before.
7. Grandfather left the zoo very sadly.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 1 A Tiger in the House Important Questions and Answers

Very Short & Objective Questions With Answers:
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Who was Timothy?
Answer:
a tiger cub

Question 2.
Who named the tiger cub Timothy?
Answer:
Ruskin Bond’s grandmother

Question 3.
Where was the Terai jungle?
Answer:
near Dehra

Question 4.
What did the hunting party consist of?
Answer:
several very important persons from Delhi

Question 5.
How was the camp?
Answer:
sumptuous

Question 6.
How many elephants were there for the shikaris?
Answer:
four

Question 7.
How many elephants were specially trained for taking part in the beat?
Answer:
eleven

Question 8.
What did the sportsmen never see during the hunting expedition?
Answer:
a tiger

Question 9.
What were they beginning to shoot, giving up all hope of finding a tiger?
Answer:
jackals

Question 10.
How long was the tiger cub when it was discovered?
Answer:
eighteen inches

Question 11.
Who was Mahmoud?
Answer:
the author’s cook

Question 12.
What was your first diet for Timothy at home?
Answer:
milk

Question 13.
What was the tempting diet for Timothy?
Answer:
pigeons and rabbits

Question 14.
Who was Toto?
Answer:
a monkey

Question 15.
Who was bold enough to pull Timothy by the tail?
Answer:
Toto

Question 16.
Where was the mongrel puppy found?
Answer:
on the road

Question 17.
Whom did Timothy fear at first?
Answer:
the mongrel puppy

Question 18.
What was Timothy’s favorite place in the writer’s house?
Answer:
the drawing room

Question 19.
Where did Timothy make himself comfortable?
Answer:
on the long sofa

Question 20.
Where did Timothy sleep at night?
Answer:
in the cook’s quarters

Question 21.
How old was Timothy when he grew less friendly?
Answer:
six months

Question 22.
From where did Timothy steal birds at night?
Answer:
the poultry house

Question 23.
Where was the nearest zoo?
Ans:
at Lucknow

Question 24.
How far was the zoo from Dehra?
Answer:
200 miles

Question 25.
What did grandfather reserve for himself and Timothy to go to the zoo?
Answer:
a first-class compartment

Question 26.
Who was glad to receive Timothy?
Answer:
the zoo authorities

Question 27.
When did grandfather visit Lucknow?
Answer:
six months later

Question 28.
What did the tiger allow grandfather?
Answer:
to put both hands around his head

Question 29.
Who had gathered to see the reunion of the tiger and grandfather?
Answer:
the people in the zoo

Question 30.
Who asked grandfather what he was doing?
Answer:
the surprised keeper

Question 31.
Please continue your conversation.’ Who said it?
Answer:
the surprised keeper

Question 32.
‘But-Sir-it is not your tiger.’ Who said it?
Answer:
the old keeper

Question 33.
Why did grandfather return to the tiger’s cage again after wandering about the zoo?
Answer:
to say goodbye to the tiger

Question 34.
How did Timothy die?
Answer:
of pneumonia

Question 35.
Where was the new tiger trapped?
Answer:
in the hills

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. Timothy was a __________.
Answer:
tiger cub

2. The tiger cub, Timothy was discovered by __________.
Answer:
grandfather

3. The hunting party consisted of several very important persons from __________.
Answer:
Delhi

4. _________ elephants were specially trained for taking part in the beat.
Answer:
Eleven

5. The sports person saw a number of __________.
Answer:
deer, peacocks, and wild boars

6. Grandfather discovered ___________ about 18 inches long.
Answer:
a little tiger

7. The tiger cub was hiding among __________ of a banyan tree.
Answer:
intricate roots

8. Grandfather had the _________ of being the only member of the party to have bagged any game dead or alive.
Answer:
distinction

9. The tiger was named Timothy by __________.
Answer:
grandmother

10. _________ was the first food for Timothy.
Answer:
Milk

11. When the milk proved too rich, Timothy was put on __________.
Answer:
a diet of raw motton and cod liver oil

12. At first Timothy was entirely brought up by __________.
Answer:
milk

13. The diet of pigeons and rabbits is called _________ diets.
Answer:
tempting

14. Toto was the _________.
Answer:
monkey

15. A small mongrel puppy was found on the road by __________.
Answer:
grandfather

16. At first Timothy was afraid of _________.
Answer:
mongrel poppy

17. Timothy pretended to bite the writer’s __________.
Answer:
ankles

18. __________ was the favorite place of Timothy in the house.
Answer:
Drawing room

19. Timothy felt comfortable on the __________.
Answer:
the long sofa

20. To make itself clean, Timothy scrubbed his face exactly like a __________.
Answer:
cat

21. When Timothy was __________ old, a change came over him.
Answer:
six months

22. Timothy would try to steal away to stalk ___________ when he was out for a walk.
Answer:
a cat or someone’s pet Pekinese

23. Grandfather decided to transfer Timothy when he began to stalk Mahamoud about the house with what looked like ________.
Answer:
villainous intent

24. _________ was the nearest zoo to the writer’s house.
Answer:
Lucknow

25. Lucknow Zoo was _________ miles away from the writer’s house.
Answer:
two hundred

26. Grandfather reserved a __________ for himself and Timothy.
Answer:
first-class compartment

27. Timothy reclined on the long sofa with ___________.
Answer:
great dignity

28. When Timothy was taken out for walks by the writer, people on the road gave __________.
Answer:
a wide berth

29. We are going to find Timothy sitting on Mahmoud’s bed, and no sign of the cook except his clothes and shoes. Grandfather declared it in his __________.
Answer:
prophetic manner

30. The writer and others would hear _________ from the poultry house at night.
Answer:
frenzied cackling

31. When grandfather visited his relatives in Lucknow Timothy was __________ old.
Answer:
one year

32. After arriving at the zoo, grandfather made straight for the _____________ in which Timothy had been locked up.
Answer:
particular cage striped coat

33. Timothy had a __________ on its body.
Answer:
Striped coat

34. Timothy allowed grandfather to put both hands around his ___________.
Answer:
head

35. Grandfather stroked the tiger’s __________.
Answer:
forehead

Multiple Choice Questions With Answers

Question 1.
The tiger cub was discovered in the __________ forest?
(A) Terai
(B) Tundra
(C) Taiga
(D) Rainforest
Answer:
(A) Terai

Question 2.
The grandfather experienced vividly the forests of the_______?
(A) Siwalik
(B) Himachal
(C) Himadri
(D) Nanda Devi
Answer:
(A) Siwalik

Question 3.
The expedition party came from _________?
(A) Kolkotã
(B) Delhi
(C) Chennai
(D)Mumbai
Answer:
(B) Delhi

Question 4.
The grandfather was appointed to advise the _________?
(A) beaters
(B) teachers
(C) visitors
(D) sharers
Answer:
(A) beaters

Question 5.
There were___________ large tents for the Sikharis in the camp?
(A) four
(B) five
(C) six
(D) seven
Answer:
(D) seven

Question 6.
The number of elephants equipped with howdahs is _________?
(A) three
(B) four
(C) five
(D) seven
Answer:
(B) four

Question 7.
There were ___________ elephants trained for taking part in the beat?
(A) ten
(B) eleven
(C) twelve
(D) thirteen
Answer:
(B) eleven

Question 8.
The sportsmen never found a _________ during their expedition in the forest?
(A) a boar
(B) a tiger
(C) jackal
(D) bear
Answer:
(B) a tiger

Question 9.
Did they see deer, peacocks, and the wild _________ in the Terai forest?
(A) boar
(B) gayal
(C) antelope
(D) hyena
Answer:
(A) boar

Question 10.
Being dissatisfied, the sportsmen started shooting?
(A) the rabbits
(B) the deer
(C) the jackals
(D) monkeys
Answer:
(C) the jackals

Question 11.
The grandfather noticed the tiger cub hiding under the ___________ of the banyan tree?
(A) leaves
(B) boughs
(C) roots
(D) barks
Answer:
(C) roots

Question 12.
The cub hid among the intricate roots of the __________ tree?
(A) banyan
(B) mango
(C) teak
(D) Sal
Answer:
(A) banyan

Question 13.
The cub was named Timothy by _________?
(A) grandmother
(B) hunters
(C) grandfather
(D) the keeper
Answer:
(A) grandmother

Question 14.
At first, Timothy was brought up on ________?
(A) bread
(B) butter
(C) cheese
(D) milk.
Answer:
(D) milk.

Question 15.
The cub was put on a diet of raw mutton and ___________ liver oil?
(A) shark
(B) cod
(C) whale
(D)penguin
Answer:
(B) cod

Question 16.
Timothy was given the attractive diet of _________?
(A) eagle and fox
(B) pigeons and rabbits
(C) mice and cats
(D) deer and hares
Answer:
(B) pigeons and rabbits

Question 17.
Who were two companions of Timothy?
(A) toto and mongrel
(B) fox and tiger
(C) hyena and deer-cub
(D) calf and puppy
Answer:
(A) toto and mongrel

Question 18.
The grandmother found the mongrel puppy?
(A) in the forest
(B) on the road
(C) in the Street
(D) near the camp
Answer:
(B) on the road

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Non-Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 7 The Flower-School

November 9, 2023November 8, 2023 by Prasanna

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 7 The Flower-School Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 7 The Flower-School

BSE Odisha 10th Class English The Flower-School Text Book Questions and Answers

H. Let’s Understand The Poem:
Read the poem silently and answer the following questions.
(କବିତାଟିକୁ ନୀରବରେ ପଢ଼ ଓ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
What is the poem about?
(କବିତାଟି କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ଲିଖ୍ ?)
Answer:
The poem is about the flower children.

Question 2.
What rumbles in the sky?
(ଆକାଶରେ କ’ଣ ଘଡ଼ଘଡ଼ିର ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ଧ୍ବନି ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The storm-clouds rumble in the sky.

Question 3.
What comes marching over the heath?
(ବ୍ୟାପକ ତୃଣ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ଉପରେ କ’ଣ ମାଡ଼ି ଆସୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The moist (slightly wet) east wind comes marching over the heath.

Question 4.
Which word tells that the east wind is not dry?
(କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦ ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ଯେ ପୂବେଇ ପବନ ଶୁଖା ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
The word ‘moist’ tells that the east wind is not dry.

Question 5.
How does the moist east wind come?
(ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ପୂବେଇ ପବନ କିଭଳି ଆସେ/ ଆସୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The moist east wind comes marching.

Question 6.
How do the crowds of flowers come out?
(ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଦଳ କିପରି ବାହାରି ଆସୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The crowds of flowers come out suddenly from nowhere.

Question 7.
Where do the flowers dance and how?
(ଫୁଲସବୁ କେଉଁଠାରେ ନାଚୁଛି ଓ କିପରି ?)
Answer:
The flowers dance upon (ନୃତ୍ୟ କରୁଛି) the grass in wild excitement.

Question 8.
Which season is described in the poem ?
(ବର୍ଷସାରା ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଥାଆନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
In the poem, the rainy season is described.

Question 9.
Where are the flowers all year round?
( ବର୍ଷସାରା ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଥାଆନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The flowers are at their school all year round.

Question 10.
Who are the flowers compared to?
(ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କାହା ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
The flowers are compared to little children.

Question 11.
How do they do their lessons? Why?
(ସେମାନେ (ଫୁଲସବୁ) କିପରି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପାଠପଢ଼ା କରନ୍ତି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The flowers do their lessons shutting their doors (ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଦ୍ଵାର ବନ୍ଦ କରି). Because this is their school hour and the time to come out hasn’t come yet.

Question 12.
Who does ‘their master’ refer to?
(‘ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମାଲିକ’ କାହାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
‘Their master’ refers to their teacher.

Question 13.
Their master is strict or lenient? Which line in the poem tells us so?
( ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗୁରୁ ବା ଶିକ୍ଷକ କଠୋର ବା ସରଳ ? କବିତାରେ କେଉଁ ଧାଡ଼ି ଏହା ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ?)
Answer:
Their master is strict. The line in the poem telling us so is, “Their master makes them stand in a corner”.

Question 14.
When are they made to stand in a corner?
(ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ (ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ) କେତେବେଳେ ଗୋଟିଏ କଣରେ ଠିଆ କରାଇ ଦିଆଯାଏ ?)
Answer:
They are made to stand in a comer when they play before school is over.

Question 15.
When do the flowers have their holidays?
(ଫୁଲସବୁ କେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଛୁଟିଦିନ ପାଆନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
When the rains come, the flowers have their holidays.

Question 16.
What changes take place in nature when the rain comes?
(ଯେତେବେଳେ ବର୍ଷା ଆସେ ପ୍ରକୃତିରେ କେଉଁସବୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ?)
Answer:
When the rain comes, branches clash together in the forest, the thunderclouds clap their giant hands, and the leaves rustle in the wild wind.

Question 17.
How do the flower children enjoy their holidays?
(ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନେ କିପରି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଛୁଟି ଉପଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The flower children enjoy their holidays by coming out in the rain dressed (ବର୍ଷା) in pink, yellow, and white.

Question 18.
Who is the speaker sharing his thoughts with?
(କବି କାହା ସହିତ ନିଜର ଭାବନା ବାଣ୍ଟିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The speaker is sharing his thoughts with his mother.

Question 19.
Where is the home of the flower children?
(ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର ଘର କେଉଁଠାରେ ?)
Answer:
The home of the flower children is in the sky.

Question 20.
Why are they eager to go to the sky ?
(ସେମାନେ (ଫୁଲସବୁ) କାହିଁକି ଆକାଶକୁ ଯିବା ପାଇଁ ଉତ୍ସୁକ/ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ?)
Answer:
They are eager (ଉତ୍ସୁକ/ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ) to go to the sky as their mother in the sky calls them.

Question 21.
What does the speaker guess?
(ବକ୍ତା କ’ଣ ଅନୁମାନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The speaker guesses to whom the flower children are raising their arms.

Question 22.
Why are the flower children raising their arms?
(ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନେ କାହିଁକି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ହାତ ଉଠାଉଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The flower children are raising (ଟେକୁଛନ୍ତି) their arms (ହାତ) to their mother living in the sky to embrace them (ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ କୋଳେଇ ନେବାପାଇଁ).

Question 23.
Why are they in a hurry?
(ସେମାନେ କାହିଁକି ଏତେ ଚଞ୍ଚଳ/ବ୍ୟଗ୍ର ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
They are in a hurry as their mother in the sky calls them.

Question 24.
Which line tells that the speaker also longs for his mother?
(କବିତାରେ କେଉଁ ଧାଡ଼ି ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ଯେ ବକ୍ତା ମଧ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ମାଆଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The line that tells that the speaker also longs for (wishes) his mother is “they have their mother as I have my own”.

I. Let’s Appreciate The Poem:
(A)
Question 1.
Why do you think the flowers dance upon the grass in wild glee?
(ତୁମେ କାହିଁକି ଭାବୁଛ ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଘାସ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରବଳ ଉତ୍ତେଜନାରେ ନାଚୁଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
I think the flowers dance upon the gears that come down with them. During storms, branches clash together in the forest and the leaves rustle in the wild wind. The moist east wind comes marching over the uncultivated land also.

Question 2.
Do you think the speaker feels that holidays are funnier than school days?
(ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ କି ସ୍କୁଲ ଦିନ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଛୁଟିଦିନସବୁ ଅଧ୍ବକ କୌତୂହଳପ୍ରଦ ବୋଲି ବକ୍ତା ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
Yes, I think so.

Question 3.
Why does the speaker think that the flowers go to school underground?
(ବକ୍ତା କାହିଁକି ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଫୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଭୂପୃଷ୍ଠ ତଳେ ଥ‌ିବା ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The speaker thinks that the flowers go to school underground as he notices them only when the monsoon rain comes and he does not notice the flowers anywhere in other seasons. So he thinks they must have been in school underground all year round.

Question 4.
How does the speaker describe the storm?
(ବକ୍ତା କିଭଳି ଝଡ଼କୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
According to the speaker the storm-clouds rumble (make a long deep sound) as if they clap their giant hands and showers come down with them. During storms, branches clash together in the forest and the leaves rustle in the wild wind. The moist east wind comes marching over the uncultivated land also.

Question 5.
Do you think that the speaker’s description of the flowers and their school has any reality in real life?
ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ଭାବୁଛ ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଫୁଲ ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାର ଜୀବନର ବାସ୍ତବତା ସହ କିଛି ସମ୍ପର୍କ ଅଛି ?)
Answer:
Yes, I think that the speaker’s description of the flowers and their school has a reality in real life.

Question 6.
Which elements of nature celebrate holidays with the flower children and how?
(ପ୍ରକୃତିର କେଉଁସବୁ ଉପାଦାନ ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଛୁଟି ପାଳନ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ଓ କିପରି ?)
Answer:
Elements of nature like (ପରି) branches of trees in the forest, their leaves, and thunderclouds celebrate holidays with the flower children. With the blowing of wild wind, branches clash together in the forest and leaves make rustling sounds, and the thunderclouds rumble as if they clap with their big hands. In this way, they celebrate their holiday.

Question 7.
Identify the lines and phrases in the poem which indicate that the flower children have a strict system of schooling.
(କବିତାରେ ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର କଠୋର ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଥ‌ିବା କଥା ସୂଚିତ କରୁଥିବା ଧାଡ଼ି ଓ ବାକ୍ୟାଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚିହ୍ନିତ କର ।)
Answer:
The lines and phrases in the poem which indicate that the flower children have a strict system of schooling are: “They do their lessons with doors shut, and if they want to come out to play before it is time, their master makes them stand in a comer. ”

(B)
Question 1.
The poet presents a lively description of nature during the monsoon
showers in June. The objects of nature seem to behave like human beings. Such a device in poetry is known as personification. (କବି ଜୁନ୍ ମାସର ମୌସୁମୀ ବର୍ଷା ସମୟର ପ୍ରକୃତିର ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ବିବରଣୀ ଉପସ୍ଥାପିତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ପ୍ରକୃତିର ପଦାର୍ଥଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଭଳି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥ‌ିବାର ଜଣାଯାଉଛି । କବିତାରେ ଏଭଳି ଅଳଙ୍କାର କୁ personification ବା ‘ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିତ୍ବ ଆରୋପଣ’ କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
Personification is a device in which a thing or an idea or an animal is given human qualities and described as a living thing. (Personification ବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିତ୍ବ ଆରୋପଣ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥରେ ଏକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ବା ଏକ ଧାରଣା କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ମାନବୀୟ ଗୁଣାବଳୀ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଭଳି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଥାଏ ।)
Pick out as many such examples as you can from the poem. One is done for you.
(ତୁମେ କବିତା ଯେତେ ପାରୁଛ ସେହିଭଳି ଉଦାହରଣ ବାହାର କର । ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ କରିଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)
Answer:

Storm clouds rumble in the sky.
June showers come down.
The moist east wind comes marching.
Crowds of flowers come out and dance upon the grass in wild glee.
Branches clash together in the forest.
The leaves rustle in the wild wind.
The thunderclouds clap their giant hands.
The flower children rush out in dresses of pink and yellow and white.

Question 2.
Poets use words and pictures to bring out comparisons between persons, ideas or objects with similar quality or appearance. (ସମାନ ଗୁଣ ବା ଚେହେରା ଥ‌ିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ଧାରଣା ବା ପଦାର୍ଥଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତୁଳନା କରିବା ପାଇଁ କବିମାନେ ଶବ୍ଦ ଛବି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ।)
What are the things below compared to in the poem you just read?
(ତୁମେ ଏବେ ପଢ଼ିଥିବା କବିତାରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୁ ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କାହା ସହ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?)
One is done for you.(ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

the bamboo — bagpipes
the flowers —
the underground —
the rains —
pink, yellow and white —
the sky —
the stars —

Answer.
the bamboo — bagpipes
the flowers — children
the underground — the flower-school
the rains — living animals
pink, yellow and white — colorful dresses
the sky — a living place like the earth
the stars — flower’s mothers

Question 3.
The theme of a poem is the main idea of the poem. The theme may not always be stated, but can be hinted at indirectly. Which of the following ideas supports the theme of ‘The Flower — School’? Tick your choice.
(କବିତାର ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ ହେଉଛି କବିତାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଧାରଣାସମୂହ । ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ ସର୍ବଦା ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ହୋଇନଥାଏ, ମାତ୍ର ପରୋକ୍ଷରେ ସୂଚିତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ‘The Flower – School’ ବା ‘ଫୁଲ-ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ’ର ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ କେଉଁ ଧାରଣା ସମୂହ ସମର୍ଥନ କରୁଛି ।)

love for wildlife
appreciation of nature
praise of God
featuring imagination of a flower school
dislike for the strict school system
lauding the schoolmaster
longing for the mother

Answer:

appreciation of nature
praise of God
lauding the schoolmaster

Question 4.
The poet’s longing for his deceased mother creates _______ in the reader’s mind.
(କବିଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ନିଜର ମୃତ ମାଆଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ମରଣ ପାଠକଙ୍କ ମନରେ ______________ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଛି ।)
(a) pity (b) panic
(c) pathos (d) pride
Answer:
(c) pathos (ପାଥୋସ୍)

J. Let’s Do The Activities:

Role-play
The students play the roles of ‘Small Boy’ and ‘Flower Child’ in pair and practise the dialogue naturally. They are to be invited to the front of the class to play the role. They change their role after the first round. (ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ଦୁଇଜଣିଆ ଦଳ ହୋଇ ‘ଛୋଟ ବାଳକ’ ଏବଂ ‘ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲା’ ଭୂମିକାରେ ଅଭିନୟ କରିବେ ଏବଂ ସଂଳାପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସ୍ଵାଭାବିକ ଭାବେ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିବେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନୟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ଆଗ ବେଞ୍ଚକୁ ଡକାଯିବ । ପ୍ରଥମ ରାଉଣ୍ଡ ପରେ ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଭୂମିକା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିବେ ।)

Small Boy : Flower Child. Flower Child, where are you going?
Flower Child : I’m going to school.
Small Boy : School! You’re going to school! Which school do you go to?
Flower Child :I go to school underground.
Small Boy : Really? Who teaches you there?
Flower Child : Our master.
Small Boy : Nice. Does anybody disturb you there?
Flower Child : No, not at all. We do our lessons with doors shut.
Small Boy : How is your master?
Flower Child : He’s very strict. He makes us stand in a corner when we play before school is over.
Small Boy : Thank God. Do you always study? Don’t you have any holidays to enjoy?
Flower Child : Of course. We have. We have holidays when the rains come.
Small Boy : What do you do then?
Flower Child : We wearcoIourfu1 dresses and come out to enjoy the beautiful nature.
Small Boy : Where is your home?
Flower Child : It is in the sky. My mother lives there. I am eager to go there.
Small Boy : Oh really? My mother also lives there.

Question 2.
Listen and Correct:
The teacher reads aloud the following sentences with some intentional factual errors. The students listen and correct them saying: “Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is ___________ not, but it is _____________.”
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟମୂଳକ ଭାବେ ତଥ୍ୟଗତ ତୁଟି ସମ୍ବଳିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ୱରରେ ପଢ଼ିବେ । ପିଲାମାନେ ତାହାକୁ ଶୁଣିବେ ଏବଂ ସଂଶୋଧନ କରି କହିବେ ।)
Sentences (with errors):
(i) When the storm clouds rumble on the earth, June showers come down.
(ii) The moist west wind comes marching over the heath.
(iii) The wind blows the bagpipes among the pine trees.
(iv) The crowds of flowers dance upon the bamboos in a very excited way.
(v) The flowers go to school on the top of a hill.
(vi) The flower children do their lessons with their classroom doors open.
(vii) Their teacher makes them stand under a tree.
(viii) They have their holidays at the advent of summer.
(ix) Their home is in the sea.
(x) The flowers are eager to go to their school.
Answer:
(i) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘the storm clouds rumble on the earth’, but it is ‘the storm clouds rumble in the sky’.
(ii) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘the moist west wind comes marching’, but it is ‘the moist east wind comes marching’.
(iii) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘the pine trees’, but it is ‘the bamboos’.
(iv) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘the bamboos’, but it is ‘the grass’.
(v) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘on the top of a hill’, but it is ‘underground’.
(vi) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘classroom doors open’, but it is ‘classroom doors shut’.
(vii) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘stand under a tree’, but it is ‘stand in a comer’.
(viii) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘at the advent of summer’, but it is ‘at the advent of rain’.
(ix) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘in the sea’, but it is ‘in the sky’.
(x) Excuse me, Sir/Ma’m. I think it is not ‘go to their school’, but it is ‘go to their home’.

Question 3.
Writing
1. Given below is the summary of the poem “The Flower-School”. Fill in the blanks with suitable words to complete the summary. You may take the help of the “HELP BOX” given below. (ନିମ୍ନରେ “The Flower-School” ବା ‘ଫୁଲ-ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ’ର ସାରାଂଶ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନରେ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦ ପୂରଣ କରି ସାରାଂଶକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କର । ତୁମେ ନିମ୍ନରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ‘HELP BOX’ ବା ‘ସହାୟକ ବାକ୍ସ’ର ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନେଇପାର ।)

After the first shower of June, “hen the (a) _________ wind approaches blowing its (b) _________ to herald the advance of (c) ___________, the (d) _________ bloom and (e) ________ upon the grass in (f) ________ happiness. The poet thinks that before the arrival of spring, the flowers go to a school (g) ____________ and learn their lesson. They have their holidays only when it rains and they come out rushing in colorful dresses. The sky is their home towards which they raise their (h) _________ because their (i) _________ lives there and they are always in a (j) _______ to go home.

HELP BOX

mother arms hurry great underground

east bagpipes flowers rain dance

Answer:
After the first shower of June, when the (a) east wind approaches blowing its (b) bagpipes to herald (ଘୋଷଣା କରିବା ପାଇଁ) the advance of (c) rain, the (d) flowers bloom and (e) dance upon the grass in (f) great happiness. The poet thinks that before the arrival of spring, the flowers go to a school (g) underground and learn their lesson. They have their holidays only when it rains and they come out rushing in colorful dresses. The sky is their home towards which they raise their (h) arms because their (i) mother lives there and they are always in a (j) hurry (ତରବର) to go home.

Question 2.
Imagine that you are a child of the Flower-School. Write a letter to your mother describing your experience and feelings in your school. You may begin your letter as follows : (ମନେକର ତୁମେ Flower-Schoolର ଜଣେ ଶିଶୁ । ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ତୁମର ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତା ଓ ଅନୁଭୂତିକୁ ବର୍ଣନା କରି ମା’ଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଚିଠି ଲେଖ । ତୁମେ ତୁମର ଚିଠି ନିମ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିପାର )

Flower School
Date_______

Dear Mother,

How are you? You’ll be glad to know that I go to school every day. Do you know how and where our school is? The school is situated under-ground. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________We make a lot of fun. But our class teacher is
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

I am looking forward to the holidays.
I miss you a lot, Mom.

Yours lovingly,
(Name)

Answer:

Flower School
Date: 3rd June 2020

Dear Mother,

How are you? You’ll be glad to know that I go to school every day. Do you know how and where our school is? The school is situated underground (ଭୂତଳ). We do our lessons here. We make a lot of fun. But our class teacher is very strict ( ଅତି କଠୋର ). When we play before school is over, he makes us stand in a corner. When rains come. we enjoy our holidays a lot. We came out dressed in pink and yellow and white and joyfully dance up the grass. But, mother I long for you and am eager to go home.
lam looking forward to the holidays.
I miss you a lot, Mom.

Yours lovingly,
Pinky.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English The Flower-School Important Questions and Answers

Very Short & Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Where do the storm-clouds rumble?
Answer:
in the sky

Question 2.
What showers come down with the storm clouds?
Answer:
June showers

Question 3.
Who blows bagpipes?
Answer:
the moist east wind

Question 4.
Where does it blow its bagpipes?
Answer:
among the bamboos

Question 5.
Where do the crowds of flowers dance?
Answer:
upon the grass

Question 6.
Whom does the wet east wind march over?
Answer:
the heath

Question 7.
Where is the school the flower go to?
Answer:
underground

Question 8.
How do flowers do their lessons?
Answer:
shutting their doors

Question 9.
Who makes the flowers stand in a corner?
Answer:
their master

Question 10.
When do the flowers have their holidays?
Answer:
with the coming of rains

Question 11.
What do branches do in the forest?
Answer:
clash (hit) together

Question 12.
What rustles in the wild wind?
Answer:
the leaves of the trees

Question 13.
Who claps their giant hands?
Answer:
the thunder-clouds

Question 14.
Where is the home of flower children?
Answer:
in the sky

Question 15.
How do flower children raise their hands?
Answer:
eagerly (ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ଭାବରେ)

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. “The Flower School” is written by ____________.
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore

2. ____________ bring rain in June.
Answer:
Storm-clouds

3. The moist east wind marches over ____________.
Answer:
the heath

4. ____________ blows its bagpipes.
Answer:
The moist east wind

5. The moist east wind blows its bagpipes among ____________.
Answer:
the bamboos

6. The moist east wind blows its bagpipes by ____________.
Answer:
blowing hard like the sound flowing from bagpipes

7. When the rains come, ____________ come out suddenly.
Answer:
crowds of flowers

8. In the phrase “crowds of flowers”, the word ‘crowds’ means ____________.
Answer:
a large number of

9. “Crowds of flowers come out.” Here ‘come out’ means ____________.
Answer:
bloom or appear

10. Crowds of flowers come out of ____________.
Answer:
from unknown places

11. Crowds of flowers dance upon ____________.
Answer:
the grass

12. Crowds of flowers dance upon the grass in ____________.
Answer:
wild glee

13. The flowers go to school ____________.
Answer:
underground

14. The flowers of their lessons ____________.
Answer:
with doors shut

15. The actual master of the flowers is ____________.
Answer:
God

Multiple Choice Questions(Mcqs) With Answers
Pick out the correct alternative.

Question 1.
‘’The wind comes marching”, What is the figure of speech used?
(A) Simile
(B) Metaphor
(C) Personification
(D) Alliteration
Answer:
(C) Personification

Question 2.
What do the flowers do in their holidays?
(A) They blossom
(B) They wither away
(C) They remain under the cover of the earth
(D) They become fragrant
Answer:
(A) They blossom

Question 3.
Who is the poet of the poem ‘The flower school’?
(A) Rudyard Kipling
(B) Humayun Kabir
(C) R.L. Stevenson
(D) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer:
(D) Rabindranath Tagore

Question 4.
Fill-in-the-Blank
The meaning of the word Rumble is ____________.
(A) a musical sound
(B) a loud resonating sound
(C) very high sound
(D) great excitement
Answer:
(B) a loud resonating sound

Question 5.
What is one word for ‘A large open area’
(A) Hall
(B) Heath
(C) Expanse
(D) Area
Answer:
(B) Heath

Question 6.
Which one below is an example of Alliteration in the poem The flower school?
(A) Bagpipes-Bamboos
(B) Storm-Sky
(C) Grass-Glee
(D) Thunder-Clouds
Answer:
(A) Bagpipes-Bamboos

Question 7.
What is the meaning of Glee?
(A) Surprised
(B) Excitement
(C) Restless
(D) Happiness
Answer:
(B) Excitement

Question 8.
‘They do their lessons with doors shut’ Who does ‘They’ refer to?
(A) Trees
(B) Clouds
(C) Leaves
(D) Flowers
Answer:
(D) Flowers

Question 9.
What is something the Crowd of Flowers does not do?
(A) clap their giant hands
(B) come out of a sudden
(C) do their lessons with doors shut
(D) dance upon the grass in wild glee
Answer:
(A) clap their giant hands

Question 10.
Who is the narrator of the poem “The flower school”
(A) Mother
(B) Father
(C) Brother
(D) Child
Answer:
(D) Child

Question 11.
From where do the children come out from
(A) Home
(B) Mud
(C) School underground
(D) ‘Vessel
(C) School underground

Question 12.
Which season is referred in the poem?
(A) Summer
(B) Winter
(C) Autumn
(D) Monsoon
Answer:
(D) Monsoon

Question 13.
What happens when the Monsoon arrives?
(A) The flower children die
(B) The flower children start eating food
(C) The flower children get their holidays
(D) The flower children take a bath
Answer:
(C) The flower children get their holidays

Question 14.
According to you who is the master of the Flower children?
(A) mother
(B) poet
(C) nature
(D) birds
Answer:
(C) nature

Question 15.
Synonym of the world ‘close’
(A) open
(B) together
(C) snow
(D) shut
Answer:
(B) together

Question 16.
What represents the mother in the poem?
(A) Mother nature
(B) Rabindranath Tagore
(C) School
(D) sky
Answer:
(D) sky

Question 17.
Which elements celebrate holidays with the flower children
(A) branches, leaves, and thunderclouds
(B) Thunder clouds, rigs, mud
(C) branches, twigs, leaves
(D) thunder clouds, twigs, mud
Answer:
(A) branches, leaves, and thunderclouds

The Flower-School Summary in English

Lead-In:
In this poem the speaker is excitedly (ପ୍ରବଳ ଆଗ୍ରହର ସହିତ) watching the monsoon rain (ମୌସୁମୀ ବର୍ଷା) and noticing (ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରୁଛନ୍ତି) small flowers that have bloomed (g© ©09) all over the place. He wonders (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପ୍ରକଟ କରିଛନ୍ତି) where they had been all the year round. He imagines (ଚିନ୍ତା|ଅନୁଭବ କରିଛନ୍ତି) they must have been in school just like him. The speaker wonders why the pretty flowers (ସୁନ୍ଦର ଫୁଲସବୁ) are so eager (ଉତ୍ସୁକ) to come out and play. He concludes (ଶେଷରେ ମତପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି) that they too need the warmth and love of their mother.

Stanzawise Explanation:
Stanza 1 (Lines 1 to 7)
When storm-clouds rumble in the sky and June showers
come down,
The moist east wind comes marching over the
heath to blow its bagpipes among the bamboo.
Then crowds of flowers come out of a sudden,
from nobody knows where, and dance upon
the grass in wild glee.

Gist: When storm clouds make a series of rumbling sounds in the sky and the heavy rain in June showers down, the soggy (wet) east wind blows over the large flat uncultivated areas with little shrubs as if blowing its bagpipes among the bamboo. All of a sudden plenty of flowers come out invisible and dance upon the grass in great delight or thrill.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆକାଶରେ ଝଡ଼ଜନିତ ବାଦଲ ଘଡ଼ଘଡ଼ି ଶବ୍ଦ କରେ ଓ ଜୁନ୍ ମାସର ବର୍ଷା ବର୍ଷ ଉଠେ, ଆର୍ଦ୍ରତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପୂବେଇ ପବନ ଗୁଳ୍ମପୂର୍ଣ ବ୍ୟାପକ ପତିତ ଜମି ଉପରେ ବାଉଁଶ ବୃକ୍ଷ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଭେରୀ ବଜାଇବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇଆସେ । ହଠାତ୍ କେଉଁ ଅଜଣା ବା ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ଫୁଲସବୁ ଫୁଟି ବାହାରି ଆସନ୍ତି ଓ ଅତି ଆନନ୍ଦ ଓ ରୋମାଞ୍ଚରେ ସବୁଜ ଘାସ ଉପରେ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତି ।

Stanza 2 (Lines 8 to 13)
Mother, I really think the flowers go to school
underground.
They do their lessons with doors shut, and if
they want to come out to play before it is time,
their master makes them stand in a corner.
When the rains come they have their holidays.

Gist: The poet addresses or calls his mother and tells her that these flowers go to school underground. The flowers shutting (closing) the doors, do their lessons. Like little children at school, their master makes them stand in a corner if the flowers wish to come out to play in the gentle breeze before time. With the onset (beginning) of rain, these flowers enjoy their holidays.
ଅନୁବାଦ : କବି ଏହି ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମାଆଙ୍କୁ ଡାକିଛନ୍ତି ଓ ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ (ନିଜ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ) କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଏହି ଫୁଲସବୁ ଭୂପୃଷ୍ଠ ନିମ୍ନରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟକୁ ଯା’ନ୍ତି । ଫୁଲସବୁ ଦ୍ୱାର ବନ୍ଦ କରି ଭିତରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଠ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତି । ଯଦି ସେମାନେ ସମୟ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବାହାରକୁ ଆସି ମୁକ୍ତ ପବନରେ ଖେଳିବାକୁ ଚାହାନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଶିକ୍ଷକ (ମାଲିକ) ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟିଏ କୋଣରେ ଠିଆ କରାଇ ଦିଅନ୍ତି । ବର୍ଷା ଆସିବାମାତ୍ରେ ଏହି ଫୁଲସବୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଛୁଟି ସମୟକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଉପଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି ।

Stanza3. (Lines 14 to 17)
Branches clash together in the forest and the
leaves rustle in the wild wind, the thunder-clouds
clap their giant hands and the flower children
rush Out in dresses of pink and yellow and white.

Gist: Branches of trees strike hard with one another in the forest. The leaves rustle in the hard wind. With this, the thunder-clouds appear to clap their huge hands and the flower children come out quickly as if dressed in pink, yellow, and white colors.
ଅନୁବାଦ : ବୃକ୍ଷଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଡାଳ ବର୍ଷାରେ ଜଙ୍ଗଲରେ ପରସ୍ପର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଘର୍ଷଣ ହୋଇ ବାଡ଼େଇ ହୁଏ । ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ପବନରେ ପତ୍ରସବୁ ଖସ୍ଖସ୍ ହୁଏ । ଏଥ୍ ସହିତ ଘଡ଼ଘଡ଼ି ନାଦ କରୁଥ‌ିବା ବାଦଲଖଣ୍ଡଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଶାଳ ହାତରେ ତାଳି ମାରୁଥିବାର ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହୁଏ । ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନେ ଗୋଲାପୀ, ହଳଦିଆ ଓ ଧବଳ ରଙ୍ଗର ପୋଷାକ ପରିଧାନ କରି ଶୀଘ୍ର ବାହାରି ଆସନ୍ତି ।

Stanza 4 (Lines 18 to 23)
Do you know, Mother, their home is in the sky,
where the stars are?
Haven’t you seen how eager they are to get there?
Don’t you know why they are in such a hurry?
Of course, I can guess to whom they raise their arms;
they have their mother as I have my own.

Gist: The narrator asks his mother if she knows that the home of these flower children is in the star-studded sky. He asks his mother if she can’t see how eagerly they wish to return to the sky. Certainly, he (the poet or the narrator) can guess that these flower children are raising their arms to their mother living in the sky, their mother as he (the poet) himself does.
ଅନୁବାଦ : କବି ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେ କ’ଣ ଜାଣନ୍ତି ଯେ ଏହି ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର ଘର ହେଉଛି ନକ୍ଷତ୍ର ବା ତାରାଖଚିତ ଆକାଶ । ସେ ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେ (ତାଙ୍କ ମା’) କ’ଣ ଜାଣିପାରୁ ନାହାନ୍ତି ଏହି ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନେ କିଭଳି ଆକାଶକୁ ଫେରିଯିବାକୁ ଏତେ ବ୍ୟଗ୍ର ବା ଉତ୍ସୁକ । ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କବି ଅନୁମାନ କରିପାରୁଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେ ଯେପରି ନିଜ ମା’ଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଯିବା ପାଇଁ ନିଜ ହାତ ଦୁଇଟି ବଢ଼ାଇ ଦିଅନ୍ତି, ଠିକ୍ ସେଇଭଳି ଏହି ଫୁଲରୂପୀ ପିଲାମାନେ ଏବେ ଆକାଶରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମା’ ଆଡ଼କୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ହାତ ଉଠାଇ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ।

About The Poet:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was born in Kolkata on 7th May 1861. He was a great poet, painter, patriot (ଦେଶପ୍ରେମୀ), playwright (ନାଟ୍ୟକାର), novelist (ଔପନ୍ୟାସିକ), storyteller, philosopher and educationist (ଶିକ୍ଷାବିତ୍). The common theme (ସାଧାରଣ ଥିମ୍ |) in his writing is nature. Nature left a deep-seated impression (ଗଭୀର ଆସନ) on him. He was enchanted (ବିମୋହିତ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲେ) by nature. It inculcated (ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କରିଥିଲା) a sense of freedom in him. It is also the inner voice (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ୱର) of his poetry. He became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, “Gitanjali”. He is also well known for his contribution (ଅବଦାନ) to art and music.

Notes And Glossary:
rumble — make series of loud sounds (ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ବରରେ ଗର୍ଜନ କରେ)
showers — rainfall lasting for a short time (କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ବର୍ଷା)
moist — slightly wet (ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଆର୍ଦ୍ର)
heath — large open uncultivated land
with shrub (ଗୁଳ୍ମପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବିଶାଳ ଅଣକର୍ଷିତ ଭୂମି)
bagpipes — a musical tool (ବିଶାଳ ଭେରୀ)
in wild glee — in great excitement (ଅତି ଉତ୍ତେଜନା ବା ପ୍ରବଳ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ)
master — here, the teacher (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ବା ମାଲିକ)
clash — strike or hit against one another (ବାଡ଼େଇ ହୁଏ)
rustle — make sounds of blowing (ଖସ୍‌ଖସ୍ ହୁଏ (ପତ୍ରସବୁ))
giant — very large (ବିଶାଳ)
of course — certainly (ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ବା ଅବଶ୍ୟ )
thunder-clouds clap — clapping of thunder clouds (ଘଡ଼ଘଡ଼ିର ଧ୍ଵନି)

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 A Great Son of India

November 9, 2023November 8, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 A Great Son of India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 A Great Son of India

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 5 A Great Son of India Questions and Answers

LEAD – IN
Many great saints (sages: ମୁନିଋଷି) were born in India. One among these carried the teachings (ଧର୍ମବାଣୀ) of the Upanisads to the people of the world. The great and liberal philosophy of India fascinated (attracted) the audience when the young saint spoke to them in simple words but with profound (deep) faith and confidence. Here Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, the great teacher and philosopher (ଦାର୍ଶନିକ) speaks about him on the saint’s 92nd birthday. Let’s read the lesson to know more about the great son of India.

SUMMARY
The writer/philosopher Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan feels pleasure to be at the August (auspicious) gathering for distributing prizes for recitation and speech competitions.

He has cited (exemplified) the glorious life and teachings of Vivekananda, one of the great leaders of the Indian Renaissance.
Vivekananda like his contemporaries (ସମସାମୟିକ) didn’t preach a new system of thoughts.
He only interpreted and conveyed ( ଜଣାଇଥିଲେ )to the world India’s religious consciousness, treasures of the past.
Radhakrishnan in his speech, advocates (stress; ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଛନ୍ତି) the life and teachings of Swami Vivekananda, inspired by his religious Guru Shri Ramakrishna.
The two dominant (influential) features science and democracy have continued to stay in India.
But it is impossible to educate the Indians to accept religious faith without rational evidence.
Religion in the views of Radhakrishnan should sustain our faith in democracy
Any religion that tends to divide man from man, supports privileges (opportunism; ସୁବିଧାବାଦ) exploitation, wars etc. shouldn’t be practised by us.
The naked (open) truth in our life is the transience (କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟିତ୍ଵ) of all sorts of things including our glorious deeds, heroism, etc.
The Upanisads give us an explanation of the fundamental problem of another world beyond ours.
According to Vivekananda, the Vedas are not simply books but they are the accumulated ‘ treasure of spiritual laws discovered by different persons in different times.
For him, religion is yoga, personal change, adjustment and integration.
It is neither (not) profession of a doctrine nor intellectual orthodoxy.
Religion is all about awakening the life of the spirit in man.
Our intolerance germinates (is created) from our prejudicial ideas (ସଂକୀର୍ତ୍ତି ଧାରଣା ) of the systems of faith.
But we should remember that intolerance is an expression of religious conceit, not humility.
According to Radhakrishnan, in the name of secularism, we shouldn’t promote intolerance.
Rather we should understand and love other religions.
Quoting Ramakrishna, Vivekananda said, “We Hindus don’t tolerate but identify ourselves with the worship or prayers of the Mohammedans, Zoroastrians or the Christians.”
Vivekananda protested strongly against the abuse of religion and insistence on untouchability or touch ability.
In order to profit from the teachings of Vivekananda, we should try to build a spiritual region above the narrowed ecclesiastical views.

PART – I

I am happy to be here and distribute prizes for recitation and speech competitions. I congratulate those who have won these rewards on their achievements. The students who won the prizes and the many others who competed for them had the great opportunity of reading some of the writings of Swami Vivekananda. I have no doubt they have been impressed and inspired by what they have read. Vivekananda’s life and teachings have prepared us for the new age of freedom in which we live.

They tell us how best we can consolidate the freedom we have recently won. He was one of the great leaders of the Indian Renaissance. Like all the great teachers of India, Vivekananda did not profess to be the formulator of a new system of thought. He interpreted for us and the world India’s religious consciousness, the treasures of her past. His writings and speeches are all fortified by quotations from the Indian scriptures and the life and sayings of his great Master, that transcendent religious genius, Shri Ramakrishna.

In the short time at my disposal, it will not be possible for me to speak on more than one or two aspects of Vivekananda’s teaching. The two dominant features of our age are science and democracy. They have come to stay. We cannot ask educated people to accept the deliverances of faith without rational evidence. Whatever we are called upon to accept must be justified and supported by reason. Otherwise, our religious beliefs will be reduced to wishful thinking.

Modem man must learn ‘ to live with a religion which commends itself to his intellectual conscience, to the spirit of science. Besides, religion should be sustaining faith in democracy or race. Any religion which divides man from man or supports privileges, exploitation, and wars, cannot commend itself to us today. If we are passing through a period of the eclipse of religion, of the light of heaven, it is because religions, as they are practised, seem to be both unscientific and undemocratic. The most obvious fact of life is its transcience.

Everything in this world passes away, the written word, the painted picture, the carved stone, the heroic act. Great civilizations are subject to the law of time. The earth on which we live may one day become unfit for human habitation as the sun ages and alters. Our acts and thoughts, our deeds of heroism, and our political structures are a part of history, of becoming, or process. They all belong to the world of time. Time is symbolized in India’s tradition by birth and death.

Is this world which is a perpetual procession of events, self-sustaining, self-maintaining, self-established, or is there a Beyond underlying it, unifying it and inspiring it, standing behind it and yet immanent in it? Is it becoming all or is there being behind it? Will man annihilate nothingness or will nothingness annihilate him? This very problem, this dread, this anxiety that we have, this feeling of the precariousness of the world bears witness to the world beyond. It is a longing for life eternal in the midst of time. Because of the implicit awareness of the ultimate reality, we have a sense of godforsakenness.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ବକ୍ତୃତା ପ୍ରତିଯୋଗିତା ଓ ଗାୟନ ନିମିତ୍ତ ପୁରସ୍କାର ବଣ୍ଟନ ଓ ଏଠାରେ ନିଜର ଉପସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ନେଇ ମୁଁ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ । ମୁଁ ସେହିମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ ଜଣାଉଛି ଯେଉଁମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର କୃତିତ୍ଵ ପାଇଁ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଲାଭ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଯେଉଁ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଜିତିଥିଲେ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ଯେଉଁମାନେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତିଯୋଗିତା କରିଥିଲେ, ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ସ୍ଵାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର କେତେକ ଲେଖା ପଢ଼ିବାର ମହାନ୍ ସୁଯୋଗ ଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ଯାହା ପଢ଼ିଛନ୍ତି ତାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ସେମାନେ ଯେପରି ମୁଗ୍‌ଧ ଓ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ମୋର ସନ୍ଦେହ ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ବାସ କରୁଥିବା ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତାର ନୂତନ ଯୁଗ ପାଇଁ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଓ ଧର୍ମବାଣୀ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିଛି ।

ନିକଟ ଅତୀତରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରିଥିବା ସ୍ବାଧୀନତାକୁ କିପରି ଆମ୍ଭେ ଦୃଢ଼ ଭାବରେ ବଜାୟ ରଖୁରିବା, ସେସବୁ (ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର ଧର୍ମବାଣୀ) ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି । ଭାରତୀୟ ନବଜାଗରଣର ସେ ଅନ୍ୟତମ ମହାନ୍ ନେତା ଥିଲେ । ଭାରତର ଅନ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ତ ମହାନ୍ ନେତାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ଏକ ନୂତନ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରାର ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତକ ରୂପେ ପ୍ରଚାର କରି ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଓ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ପାଇଁ ଭାରତର ଧାର୍ମିକ ସଚେତନତା, ତାହାର (ଭାରତର) ଅତୀତର ଗର୍ବ ଓ ଗୌରବ ଆଦିକୁ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରିଥିଲେ । ଭାରତୀୟ ଧର୍ମପୁସ୍ତକ ଓ ତାଙ୍କର ମହାନ୍ ଧର୍ମଗୁରୁ ଶ୍ରୀରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ପରମହଂସଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଓ ଧର୍ମ ଉପଦେଶଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ଆନୀତ ଉକ୍ତିସବୁଦ୍ୱାରା ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର ଲେଖା ଓ ଭାଷଣ ସବୁ ଦୃଢ଼ୀଭୂତ ହୋଇଛି । ମୋ ପାଖରେ ଥିବା ସୀମିତ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ ବାଣୀର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ଦିଗ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧିକ ଉପରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରିବା ମୋ ପାଇଁ ସମ୍ଭବ ହେବ ନାହିଁ ।

ଆମ ଯୁଗର ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ ହେଉଛି ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଓ ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର । ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ଆମ ସମାଜରେ ବାସ କରିସାରିଲେଣି । ବିନା ବିଚାରଶକ୍ତି ପ୍ରମାଣରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଧର୍ମ ପ୍ରଚାର ବା ଧର୍ମ ଉଦ୍‌ବୋଧନକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷିତମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇପାରିବା ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ଯାହା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ, ତାହା କାରଣ ବା ବିଚାରଶୀଳତାଦ୍ୱାରା ସମର୍ଥିତ ଓ ଯୁକ୍ତିଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ । ନଚେତ୍ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କେବଳ ଖୁଲୀ ଚିନ୍ତାକୁ ହ୍ରାସ ପାଇବ । ଆଧୁନିକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କିପରି ଗୋଟିଏ ଧର୍ମ ଭିତରେ ବାସ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ ତାହା ଶିଖୁବା ଉଚିତ; ଯେଉଁ ଧର୍ମ ତାହାର ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ ଚେତନା ଓ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଭାବନା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସିତ କରାଏ । ଏତଦ୍‌ବ୍ୟତୀତ, ଧର୍ମ ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ବା ଜାତିର ଚିରନ୍ତନ ଜୀବନରକ୍ଷକ ଭାବନା ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ଯେକୌଣସି ଧର୍ମ ଯାହା ମଣିଷ ମଣିଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବିଭାଜନ ଆଣେ ବା ସୁବିଧାବାଦ, ଶୋଷଣ, ଯୁଦ୍ଧକୁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରେ ଆଜି ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସିତ କରିପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ।

ଯଦି ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଧର୍ମ କ୍ଷୟ ବା ସ୍ଵର୍ଗୀୟ ଆଲୋକର ଅବଧୂ ନିସ୍ପୃହତା ଦେଇ ଗତି କରୁଛି, ଏହାର କାରଣ ଧର୍ମଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଯେଭଳି ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଉଛି ତାହା ଅଣବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଓ ଅଗଣତାନ୍ତ୍ରିକ ମନେହେଉଛି ।
ଜୀବନର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଗ୍ରହଣଯୋଗ୍ୟ ସତ କଥା ହେଉଛି ଏହାର ଅସ୍ଥାୟିତ୍ଵ । ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସବୁକିଛି ଯଥା ଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ, ଅଙ୍କିତ ଚିତ୍ର, ଖୋଦିତ ପଥର, ବୀରତ୍ଵ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଅପସରି ଯାଉଛି । ବୃହତ୍ ସଭ୍ୟତା ସବୁ ସମୟର ନିୟମାଧୀନ । ଆମ୍ଭେ ଯେଉଁ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ଉପରେ ବାସ କରୁଛୁ ତାହା ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବୟସ୍କ ହେବା ଓ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ହେବା କାରଣରୁ ମାନବୀୟ ବସବାସ ପାଇଁ ଅନୁପଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିବ । ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଓ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା, ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର ବୀରତ୍ଵ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ, ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର ରାଜନୈତିକ ଢାଞ୍ଚା ଇତିହାସର ଏକ ଅଂଶ ଅଟେ; ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ହେବାର ବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାର । ସେସବୁ ସମୟ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ।

ଭାରତୀୟ ପରମ୍ପରାରେ ଜନ୍ମ ଓ ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ସମୟଦ୍ବାରା ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ଭାବରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଇଏ କ’ଣ ସେଇ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ଯାହା ହେଉଛି ସୁରକ୍ଷାକାରୀ, ସୁରକ୍ଷଣାବେକ୍ଷଣକାରୀ, ସୁପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ଘଟଣାବଳୀର ଏକ ଚିରନ୍ତନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା କିମ୍ବା ଏହାର ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ବରେ ଏହାକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦେଉଥ‌ି, ଏହାକୁ ଏକତ୍ର କରୁଥ‌ିବା ଓ ଏହାକୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିବା, ଏହା ପଛରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଥିବା ଏବଂ ତଥାପି ଏହା ଭିତରେ ସର୍ବବ୍ୟାପକତା ଅଛି ? ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ କ’ଣ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସବୁକିଛି ହୋଇଯାଉଛି ବା ଏହା ପଛରେ କିଛି ଅଛି ? ମଣିଷ କ’ଣ କିଛି ନ ଥ‌ିବାର ସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ସମୂଳେ ଧ୍ଵଂସ କରିବ ବା କିଛି ନ ଥୁବାର ସ୍ଥିତି ମଣିଷକୁ ସମୂଳେ ଧ୍ଵଂସ କରିବ ? ଏହି ସମସ୍ୟା, ଏହି ଭୟ, ଏହି ବ୍ୟାକୁଳତା ଯାହାସବୁ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ରହିଛି, ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ବିପନ୍ନ ଅବସ୍ଥାର ଏହି ଅନୁଭୂତି ପାରତ୍ରିକ ଜଗତ ପାଇଁ ସାକ୍ଷୀ ବହନ କରିଥାଏ । ସମୟର ଅନ୍ତରାଳରେ ଏହାହିଁ ଜୀବନକୁ ଚିରନ୍ତନ କରିବାର ଅଭୀପ୍‌ସା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
recitation – act of recitation (ଆବୃତ୍ତି)
consolidate – strengthen (ମଢ଼ୀଭୂତ କରିବା)
Renaissance – Reawakening ( ନଜାଗରଣ
interpreted – illustrated (ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କଲେ)
treasures – heritage (ଐତିହ୍ୟ)
are fortified – are strengthened (ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ )
transcendent – superior (ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଣ)
genius – exceptional, great ( ଅସାଧାରଣ ଧୀଶକ୍ତି ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ବ୍ଯକ୍ତି)
rational – related to reason
evidence – proof (ପ୍ରମାଣ)
intellectual – of intellect (ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ)
commend – praise (ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିବା )
eclipse – decay
deliverance – profession
faith – religion
obvious fact – clear thing ((ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ସତ୍ୟ))
transience – temporariness (କ୍ଷଣିକତା)
wishful – mercurial
habitation – living
alters – changes (ବଦଳୁଛି)
perpetuàl – eternal (ଶାଶ୍ୱତ)
self-sustaining – supporter of oneself
unifying – uniting (ଏକତ୍ର କରି)
immanent – ever-pervading
annihilate – destroy completely (ସମୂଳେ ଧ୍ଵଂସ କରିବା)
precariousness – seriousness (ଶୋଚନୀୟତା)
implicit – implied though not expressed
godforsakeness – inaetiyeness (ଅନାକର୍ଷଣୀୟତା)
longing – desire
dread – fear
scriptures – holy books
sayings – teachings
transcendant – supreme
fundamental – basic

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who is the speaker?
Answer:
Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan is the speaker.

Question 2.
On what occasion does he speak?
Answer:
He speaks on the occasion of a seminar organised for the honour of Swami Vivekananda’s 92nd birthday.

Question 3.
What does the ‘treasure of her past’ refer to?
Answer:
The “treasure of her past” refers to India’s glorious heritage (ଗୌରବମୟ ଐତିହ୍ୟ) and tradition of the past.

Question 4.
Where did Vivekananda collect the treasure?
Answer:
Vivekananda collected the treasure from the Indian scriptures and the life and sayings of his great religious reformer (ସଂସ୍କାରକ) Shri Ramakrishna.

Question 5.
How are religion and science interrelated?
Answer:
Religion and science are interrelated (ଆନ୍ତଃସମ୍ପର୍କିତ) because modem man must leam to live with religion with his intellectual conscience and the spirit of science.

Question 6.
Why should religion be the maintaining faith in democracy?
Answer:
Religion should be the maintaining faith in democracy because religious beliefs must be justified and supported by reason.

Question 7.
What could be the reason for the eclipse of religion?
Answer:
The reason for the eclipse of religion is that the professed religions are both unscientific and undemocratic.

Question 8.
What is the ultimate truth of life?
Answer:
The ultimate truth of life is its transience.

Question 9.
How does time act as a powerful force?
Answer:
Time acts as a powerful force because our acts and thoughts, our deeds of heroism, our political structures, birth and death are all ravaged (destroyed) by man.

Question 10.
What explanation of the fundamental problem is provided by the Upanisads?
Answer:
[The question is wrong.]

PART – II

By logical investigations and by personal experience, our great thinkers came to the conclusion that there is a Beyond of which all this world is the expression. The Upanisads give us an explanation of this fundamental problem. They mention logical arguments and also experiences of men who bear witness to the reality of the Supreme. What we call the Vedas are merely the registers of the spiritual experiences of the great seer.

Says Vivekananda: ‘By the Vedas, no books are meant. They mean the accumulated treasury of spiritual laws discovered by different persons at different times. They are therefore ever-expanding. What is built forever is forever building. For Vivekananda religion is Yoga. It is personal change, adjustment, and integration. It is not the profession of a doctrine. It is the reconditioning of one’s nature.

It is not intellectual orthodoxy. It is the awakening of the life of the spirit in man. He wrote books on Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Karma Yoga and urged that the goal of spiritual realization can be reached by any one of these different methods. When we express the truths of spiritual life in intellectual forms, these latter are abstractions from the live experience. They do not deal justly with the immensity and mystery of spiritual life.

If we exalt the particular creeds over the universal truths, we tend to become intolerant. Intolerance is an expression of religious conceit and not humility. We today speak of our secular attitude. We are not secular in the sense that we are indifferent to religion. We are secular because we regard all religions as sacred. We believe in freedom of conscience. Each soul has the right to choose its own path and seek God in its own way. Secularism requires us not merely to tolerate, but to understand and love other religions.

Bearing in mind Shri Ramakrishna’s experience, Vivekananda said: ‘We Hindus do not merely tolerate. We unite ourselves with every religion, praying in the mosque of the Mohammedan, worshipping before the fire of the Zoroastrian and kneeling to the Cross of the Christian.’ In his travels abroad, Vivekananda felt miserable about the backwardness of India in several matters, the way in which religion is confused with so much obscurantism and superstition. He protested vehemently against the abuse of religion, about our insistence ability untouchability.

All this was inconsistent with the great principle of our religion that the Divine is in us, in all of us, operative and alive, ready to come to the surface at the first suitable opportunity. The light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world, this cannot be put out. Whether we like it or not, whether we know it or not, the Divine is in us, and the end of man consists of attaining union with the Divine.

The ultimate tests of true religions are the recognition of truth and reconciliation with human beings. To overcome enemies we must possess that which far surpasses enmity, ahimsa or renunciation of hatred. Vivekananda raises work to the level of worship and exhorted us to seek salvation through the service of God in man. If we in our country are to profit from the teachings of Vivekananda.

it is essential that we should all be interested in not only constructive work but become dedicated spirits, spirits dedicated to the task of establishing a spiritual religion which transcends ecclesiastical organizations and doctrinal sophistries and subtleties, a religion which leads to the transformation of human society and brings it nearer to the Ramrajya or the Kingdom of God, which our prophets have set before us.
A speech by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

ଅନୁବାଦ : ତର୍କସମ୍ବଳିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାଦ୍ୱାରା ଆମର ମହାନ୍ ଚିନ୍ତାନାୟକମାନେ ଏହି ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତରେ ଉପନୀତ ହୋଇଥଲେ ଯେ ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ସେପଟେ ଏକ ଐଶ୍ୱରୀୟ ଜଗତ ରହିଛି । ଉପନିଷଦସବୁ ଏହି ମୌଳିକ ସମସ୍ୟାର ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାକରଣ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଛି । ସେ ସବୁ ଯୁକ୍ତିସଙ୍ଗତ ତର୍କ ଏବଂ ମଣିଷମାନଙ୍କର ଅନୁଭୂତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ଯେଉଁମାନେ ସାର୍ବଭୌମ ବା ସର୍ବଶକ୍ତିମାନର ବାସ୍ତବତାର ସାକ୍ଷୀ ବହନ କରୁଛନ୍ତି । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ବେଦ କହିଲେ ମହାନ୍ ମୁନିଋଷିଙ୍କର ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାଗୁଡ଼ିକର କେବଳ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ବିବରଣୀକୁ ବୁଝୁ । ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ‘ବେଦ କହିଲେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ କରି କୌଣସି ପୁସ୍ତକକୁ ବୁଝାଏ ନାହିଁ । ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସମୟରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ନିୟମଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଜମା କରାଯାଇଥିବା ଏକତ୍ରିତ ଜ୍ଞାନର ଭଣ୍ଡାର କହିଲେ ବେଦକୁ ବୁଝାଏ ।’’

ତେଣୁକରି ବେଦ ସବୁ ସର୍ବତ୍ରବ୍ୟାପୀ । ଯାହାକୁ ଚିରଦିନ ପାଇଁ ତିଆରି କରାଯାଏ ତାହା ଚିରନିର୍ମାଣ ପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ । ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ଧର୍ମ ହେଉଛି ଯୋଗ । ଏହା ହେଉଛି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ, ଖାପଖୁଆଇ ଚଳିବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ସମନ୍ଵୟ । ଏହା ଏକ ନୀତି ବା ତତ୍ତ୍ଵର ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନୁହେଁ । ଏହା ହେଉଛି ଜଣକର ସ୍ୱଭାବର ପୁନଃପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକରଣ । ଏହା ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ ନୈଷ୍ଠିକତା ନୁହେଁ । ମଣିଷ ପାଇଁ ଜୀବନର ଉତ୍‌ଥାନର ଭାବନା । ସେ ଜ୍ଞାନଯୋଗ, ରାଜଯୋଗ, ଭକ୍ତିଯୋଗ, କର୍ମଯୋଗ ଉପରେ ପୁସ୍ତକମାନ ଲେଖୁଥିଲେ ଓ ଆହ୍ଵାନ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ଯେ ଆଧାତ୍ମକ ହୃଦୟଙ୍ଗମତାର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ଏ ସମସ୍ତ ଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କୌଣସିଟିଦ୍ଵାରା ସାଧୁ ହୋଇପାରିବ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ ରୂପରେ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଜୀବନର ସତ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁ, ଏସବୁ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାରୁ ଅପସାରଣ ସଦୃଶ ଅଟେ ।

ଏସବୁ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଜୀବନର ରହସ୍ୟ ଓ ପ୍ରଚୁରତା ସହିତ ନ୍ୟାୟୋଚିତ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରତିଫଳନ କରେ ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଯଦି ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ସତ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଧର୍ମବିଶ୍ଵାସକୁ ନେଇ ଅତି ଉଲ୍ଲସିତ ହେଉ, ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ସ୍ଵଭାବତଃ ଅସହିଷ୍ଣୁ ହୋଇପଡ଼ୁ । ଅସହିଷ୍ଣୁତା ହେଉଛି ଧର୍ମୀୟ ଆସ୍ଫାଳନର ପ୍ରତିଫଳନ; କିନ୍ତୁ ନମ୍ରତାର ନୁହେଁ । ଆଜି ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଆମର ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷ ମନୋଭାବ ବା ମାନସିକତା ବିଷୟରେ କହୁଛୁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷ ନୋହୁଁ, କାରଣ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଧର୍ମ ପ୍ରତି ବୀତସ୍ପୃହ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷ କାରଣ ଆମ୍ଭେ ସମସ୍ତ ଧର୍ମକୁ ପବିତ୍ର ରୂପେ ମନେକରୁ । ଆମ୍ଭେ ବିବେକର ସ୍ବାଧୀନତାରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରୁ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଆତ୍ମା (ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି) ନିଜ ବାଟ ବାଛିବା ଓ ନିଜସ୍ବ ଢାଞ୍ଚାରେ ଧର୍ମ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାକୁ ଅଧିକାର ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରିଛି ।

ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷତାର ଅର୍ଥ ନୁହେଁ ଯେ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ କେବଳ ସହିଷ୍ଣୁ ହେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଧର୍ମକୁ ବୁଝିବାକୁ ଓ ଭଲ ପାଇବାକୁ ହେବ । ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ପରମହଂସଙ୍କର ଅନୁଭୂତିକୁ ମନେପକାଇ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ କହିଥିଲେ, ‘ଆମ୍ଭେ ହିନ୍ଦୁମାନେ କେବଳ ସହ୍ୟ କରୁନାହୁଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଧର୍ମ ସହିତ ନିଜକୁ ଏକତ୍ର କରୁ, ମୁସଲିମ୍ୟାନଙ୍କର ମସ୍‌ଦ୍‌ରେ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନାକୁ, ଜୋରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରର ଧର୍ମାବଲମ୍ବୀମାନଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଅଗ୍ନି (ନିଆଁ)କୁ ଉପାସନା କରୁ ଓ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟିୟାନମାନଙ୍କର କୁଶଚିହ୍ନ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ଆଣ୍ଠୁମାଡ଼ି ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁ ।’ ବିଦେଶ ଯାତ୍ରା କାଳରେ ଅନେକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ଭାରତର ଅନଗ୍ରସରତାକୁ ନେଇ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଦୁଃଖ୍ ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଯେଉଁଭଳି ଧର୍ମକୁ ଅନ୍ଧବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଓ ଈଶ୍ୱରୀୟତାର ବିରୋଧ ସହିତ ଭୁଲ୍‌ରେ ଯୋଡ଼ାଯାଉଛି; ସେ ନେଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ବିଚଳିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ ।

ଧର୍ମର ଅପବ୍ୟବହାର, ଅସ୍ପୃଶ୍ୟତା ଉପରେ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରାଧାନ୍ୟକୁ ସେ (ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ) ଦୃଢ ବିରୋଧ କରିଥିଲେ । ଏସବୁ ଆମ ଧର୍ମର ମହାନ୍ ନିୟମ ଯେ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ଈଶ୍ଵରୀୟ ଶକ୍ତି ବିଦ୍ୟମାନ (ଚାଳିତ ଓ ଜୀବନ ରୂପରେ) ପ୍ରଥମ ସଠିକ୍ ସୁଯୋଗରେ ପୃଷ୍ଠକୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇ ଆସିବାର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ଆଦି ସହିତ ଅସମାନତା ଓ ଅସାମଞ୍ଜସ୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ସେହି ଦିବ୍ୟ ଆଲୋକ ଯାହା ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ ଆସୁଥିବା ବା ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ଜନ୍ମଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଆଲୋକିତ କରେ, ଏହି ଅନ୍ତଃଜ୍ୟୋତିକୁ ଆଦୌ ନିର୍ବାପିତ କରିହେବ ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭଲ ଲାଗୁ ବା ନ ଲାଗୁ, ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଜାଣୁ ବା ନ ଜାଣୁ, ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ଦେବତ୍ୱ ଅଛି ଓ ମାନବ ବା ଆତ୍ମାର ଶେଷ ବା ଅନ୍ତିମ କ୍ଷଣ ପରମାତ୍ମା ସହିତ ମିଶ୍ରଣ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ । ସଟ ଧର୍ମଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅନ୍ତିମ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ହେଉଛି ମାନବ ଜାତିର ସତ୍ୟର ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ ଓ ଏଥସହିତ ପୁନର୍ମିଳନ ବା ଏହାର ସମୀକରଣ ।

ଶତ୍ରୁମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରହିବା ପାଇଁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଶତ୍ରୁତାର, ଅହିଂସାର ଓ ଘୃଣାର ତ୍ୟାଗ ବା ବର୍ଜନକୁ ଧାରଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ କର୍ମକୁ ଉପାସନାର ସ୍ତର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଉନ୍ନୀତ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଓ ମଣିଷଠାରେ ଈଶ୍ବରଙ୍କର ସେବା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ମୋକ୍ଷ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ପାଇଁ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ଯଦି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କର ମହତ୍ବବାଣୀଦ୍ଵାରା ଲାଭବାନ ହେବାକୁ ହୁଏ, ଏହା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଯେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ କେବଳ ଗଠନମୂଳକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ହୋଇ ନୁହେଁ; ବରଂ ଏକ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମକ ଧର୍ମ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠା କରିବାର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପ୍ରତି ସମର୍ପିତ ହେବା ଯାହା ଧର୍ମୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗଠନ, ଯୁକ୍ତିହୀନ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ ଓ ଏହାର ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସୀମାକୁ ଟପିଯିବ; ଏଭଳି ଏକ ଧର୍ମ ଯାହା ମାନବ ସମାଜର ରୂପାନ୍ତରୀକରଣକୁ ପଥ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ କରେ ଓ ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ ରାମରାଜ୍ୟର ନିକଟତର କରାଏ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
logical investigations – enquires of logic
mention – state ( ଦର୍ଶାଏ, ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରେ)
registers – records (ବିବରଣୀସବୁ)
seer – sage
accumulated – collected (ସଂଗୃହୀତ)
spiritual – of God (ଆଧାମ୍ଭିକ)
integration – equalibrium (ସମନ୍ଵୟ)
orthodoxy – biogotism (ଧର୍ମାନ୍ଧତା, ନୈକ୍ଷିକତା )
awakening – raising (ଜାଗ୍ରତ, ଉତ୍‌ଥାନ)
doctrine – law (ତତ୍ତ୍ବ, ନିୟମ )
profession – preach (ପ୍ରଚାର)
abstractions – imaginations, removal (କଳ୍ପନା, ଅପସାରଣ )
immensity – prodigiousness
mystery – enigma (ରହସ୍ୟ)
exact – rejoice (ଉପସ୍ଥିତ ହେବା)
intolerance – act of not bearing (ଅସହିଷ୍ଣୁତା)
conceit – self-pride ( ଆତ୍ମାଭିମାନ)
humility – meakness (ନମ୍ରତା)
secular – impartiality to religion (ଧର୍ମନିରପେକ୍ଷତା)
attitude – way of thinking (ମନୋଭାବ)
path – way of religion
creeds – systems of religion (ଧର୍ମୀୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା | ପ୍ରଥା)
sacred – holy (ପବିତ୍ର)
abroad – foreign (ବିଦେଶ)
miserable – very sad (ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଦୁଃଖ୍)
obscurantism – the practice of opposing enlightenment
protested – objected
vehemently – strongly (ଭୀଷଣଭାବେ)
insistence – foce (ଗୁରୁତ୍ବ)
inconsistent – incompatability(ଅସାମଞ୍ଜସ୍ୟ)
transcends – trespasses (କରାଯାଏ, ଟପିଯାଏ)
dedicated spirits – spirits of forshakenness (ସମର୍ପିତ ଭାବ)
subtleties – fine distinctions (ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ପ୍ରଭେଦସବୁ)
reconciliation – reunion (ସଦ୍ ଭାବ, ପୁନର୍ମିଳନ)
renunciation – act of giving up
exhorted – advised
ecciesiasastial – of religion (ଧର୍ମ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ)
doctrinal sophistries – unsound resoning for principles

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
What are the Vedas according to Vivekananda?
Answer:
According to Vivekananda, the Vedas are the accumulated treasure of spiritual laws discovered by different persons in different times.

Question 2.
What is Yoga in his opinion?
Answer:
In Vivekananda’s opinion, Yoga is personal change, adjustment and integration.

Question 3.
Which Yogas have been discussed by him in his writings?
Answer:
Yogas like Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Karma Yoga have been discussed by Vivekananda in his writings.

Question 4.
What is secularism?
Answer:
Secularism is giving equal treatment to all religions and avoidance of intolerance.

Question 5.
Which experience of Sri Ramakrishna does Vivekananda teach people?
Answer:
Sharing Shri Ramakrishna’s experience, Vivekananda says, “We Hindus don’t merely tolerate. We unite ourselves with every religion, praying in the mosque of the Mohammedan, worshipping before the fire of the Zoroastrian and kneeling to the Cross of the Christian.

Question 6.
What are the abuses of religion?
Answer:
The abuses of religion are insistence on touch ability and untouchability.

Question 7.
What is ‘Antar-Jyoti referred to in the text?
Answer:
‘Antar-Jyoti is the light which lightens every man that comes into the world.

Question 8.
What is the ultimate test of true religion?
Answer:
The ultimate test of true religion is the recognition of truth and harmony with human beings.

Question 9.
What is necessary for creating the Ramrajya?
Answer:
For creating Ramarajya we have to establish a spiritual religion which goes beyond our narrowed religious concept (ଧାରଣା) and leads to the transformation of human society and brings it nearer to the Ramarajya.

D. WRITINGS

Question 1.
What made Dr Radhakrishnan think that the students were impressed and inspired?
Answer:
Dr Radhakrishnan at first congratulated those who had won prizes or rewards for their achievements in recitation and speech competitions. The students who won the prizes and many others who competed for them had the great opportunity of reading some of the writings of Swami Vivekananda. This made Dr Radhakrishnan think that the students had been impressed and inspired by their ideals of Vivekananda.

Question 2.
How can we explain that Vivekananda was one of the leaders of the Indian Renaissance?
Answer:
Vivekananda has impressed(ମୁଗ୍‌ଧ କରିଛନ୍ତି) and inspired the students with his motivational writings. His life and teachings have prepared the Indians for the new age of
freedom in which they live. His teachings inspire (ପ୍ରେରଣା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ)us on how best we can consolidate (strengthen) the freedom we have recently won. So it is said that Vivekananda was one of the leaders of the Indian Renaissance.

Question 3.
Why were the writings and speeches of Vivekananda very powerful?
Answer:
Vivekananda like all the great preachers of India never professed to be the formulator (ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତକ ରୂପେ ଆଦୌ ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ କରିନଥିଲେ) of a new system of thought. He. instead, interpreted (ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରିଥିଲେ) Indi&s religious consciousness and the treasures of India’s past for us and the world. His writings and speeches were very powerful. Because they were quotations from the famous Indian epics (କରିଥିଲେ) and the life and sayings of his great Master Shri Ramakrishna Paramhansa.

Question 4.
Why does the speaker consider ‘science and democracy as the dominant features of the modern world?
Answer:
According to Radhakrishnan, science and democracy are the two dominant features of the modem world. Modern man must learn to live with a religion which admires itself to his intellectual conscience and the spirit of science. Apart from this (iii), religion should be the sustaining faith of democracy or race. Science flourishes (develops) under the shade (ii) of democracy and democracy is strengthened with the use of science for human progress.

Question 5.
What could be the reasons for this earth being unfit for human habitation?
Answer:
The ultimate (ଅନ୍ତିମ) fact of life is its transitoriness (ii). Everything in this world, be it the written word, or the painted picture. the carved stone, the heroic act has changed into nothingness. Many a civilization has cropped up and in the course of time has wiped out in the sands of time. These could be the reasons why our earth will be unfit for human habitation (ମାନବ ବାସସ୍ଥାନ).

Question 6.
Why are the Vedas ever-expanding? And what is the light that lighteth every man?
Answer:
In our views, the Vedas are merely (କେବଳ) the registers of the spiritual experiences (ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଅନୁଭୂତି) of the great sages. Vivekananda says. “By the Vedas, no books are meant. They (the Vedas) mean the accumulated treasures of spiritual laws discovered by different persons in different times.” They are, therefore, ever-expanding.

Question 7.
How can religion lead to the transformation of human society?
Answer:
As Indians, we have reaped several benefits from the teachings of Vivekananda. It is very necessary that we should all be interested in not only constructive work but become dedicated in our spirit of constructing a spiritual religion. It should be such religion that surpasses ( ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରିପାରେ )religious organizations (ସଙ୍ଗଠନ) and doctrinal (ତାତ୍ତ୍ଵିକ) irrationalities and differences (ଯୁକ୍ତିହୀନତା ଓ ବିଭେଦ). Only then (ତେବେ ଯାଇ) can this religion lead to the transformation of human society.

E. ACTIVITY

religion leads to the transformation of human society.

The class is divided into four or five groups.
Each group is asked to think of an activity, they would like to undertake as per the advice of Vivekananda.
Each group discusses among its members.
Each group presents its plan.
Other groups ask questions, interact and make suggestions.

The following may be written on the blackboard or the teacher may draw the learners’ attention to the text. “If we in our country are to profit by the teachings of Vivekananda, it is essential that we should all be interested in not only constructive work but become dedicated spirits, spirits dedicated to the task of establishing a spiritual religion which transcends ecclesiastical organization and doctrinal sophistries and subtleties, a religion which leads to the transformation of human society and brings it nearer to the Ramrajya or the kingdom of God, which our prophets have set for us.”

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Non-Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 A Grain as big as a Hen’s Egg

November 9, 2023November 8, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 A Grain as big as a Hen’s Egg Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 A Grain as big as a Hen’s Egg

BSE Odisha 10th Class English A Grain as big as a Hen’s Egg Text Book Questions and Answers

A. Before You Read
In the past, the man was leading a healthy life. There was a perfect harmony between the life of man and the cycle of seasons. The man was getting enough to satisfy all his needs from the treasure house of nature. The man was an active participant in all activities. He was not a passive respondent as now. Active participation in everything was helping him to lead a full healthy life.

The man was realising that he was a product of nature. So he was not disturbing the harmonious natural cycle of nature. Nature and man were two sides of the same coin. Both were complementary to each other. Nowadays man has broken the order of nature. There is chaos and anarchy in the world of nature. So everything has been deformed. This story describes how once upon a time the grain was as big as an egg.

People were leading healthy life then. Even the grandfather of the old man in the story was more healthy than him. The old man was unable to walk and his power of vision has been drastically reduced. He was very weak physically. So it was discovered that nature was providing a healthy surroundings in the past. King’s curiosity to know the reason behind the size of the grain was solved by the grandfather of the old man.

ବିଷୟ ପୂଚନ।
ଅତୀତରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଜୀବନ ନିର୍ବାହ କରୁଥିଲା । ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ଜୀବନ ଏବଂ ଋତୁଚକ୍ର ମଧ୍ଯରେ ସୁସମନ୍ୱୟ ରହିଥିଲା । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ନିଜର ସକଳ ଅଭିଳାଷ ପରିପୂରି ନିମନ୍ତେ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ଗନ୍ତାଘରୁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ଜିନିଷ ପାଇ ପାରୁଥିଲା । ସର୍ବବିଧ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣକାରୀ ଥିଲା । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଭଳି ସେ କେବଳ ଏକ ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ପ୍ରତିନିଧ୍ ନ ଥିଲା । ସମସ୍ତ କର୍ମରେ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣ ତାକୁ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଜୀବନ ନିର୍ବାହ କରିବାରେ ସହାୟକ ହେଉଥିଲା । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରକୃତର ଏକ ଅଂଶବିଶେଷ ଭାବେ ଜ୍ଞାନ କରୁଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ ସେ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ସୁସମନ୍ବିତ ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଚକରେ ବାଧା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରୁ ନ ଥିଲା ।

ପ୍ରକୃତି ଏବଂ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁଦ୍ରାର ଦୁଇ ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵ ସଦୃଶ ଥିଲେ । ଉଭୟେ ପରସ୍ପରର ପରିପୂରକ ଥିଲେ । ଅଧୁନା ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ନିୟମକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଦେଇଛି । ପ୍ରକୃତି ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ବିଶୃଙ୍ଖଳା ଏବଂ ଅରାଜକତା ଦେଖାଦେଇଛି । ତେଣୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଜିନିଷ ବିରୂପ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଏକଦା ଶସ୍ୟର ଆକାର କିପରି ଅଣ୍ଡା ଭଳି ବୃହଦାକାର ଥିଲା ତାହା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି । ସେତେବେଳେ ଲୋକମାନେ ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟପ୍ରଦ ଜୀବନଯାପନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏପରିକି ଗଳ୍ପବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଜଣକର ଜେଜେବାପା ତାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ସୁସ୍ଥସବଳ ଥିଲେ ।

ବୃଦ୍ଧବୃକ୍ତି ଜଣକ ଚାଲିପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଶକ୍ତି ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣଭାବେ କ୍ଷୀଣ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେ ଶାରୀରିକଭାବେ ଖୁବ୍ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ଏଥିରୁ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଲା ଯେ ଅତୀତରେ ପ୍ରକୃତି ଏକ ସୁସ୍ଥକର ବାତାବରଣ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିଲା । ଶସ୍ୟର ଆକାର ପଶ୍ଚାତ୍‌ରେ ଥ‌ିବା ରାଜାଙ୍କର କୌତହଳ ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କଦ୍ବାରା ସମାହିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

Text – I

Para: One day some children found, in a ravine, a thing shaped like a grain of corn, with a groove down the middle, but as large as a hen’s egg. A traveler passing by saw the thing, bought it from the children for a penny, and taking it to town sold it to the King as a curiosity. The King called together his wise men and told them to find out what the thing was. The wise men pondered and pondered and could not make head or tail of it till one day when the item was lying on a window sill, a hen flew in and pecked at it till she made a hole in it, and then everyone saw that it was a grain of corn. The wise men went to the King and said: ‘It is a grain of com’.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଦିନେ କେତେକ ପିଲା ଏକ ଗଭୀର ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଉପତ୍ୟାକାରୁ ଶସ୍ୟ ଆକାରର ଏକ ଜିନିଷ ପାଇଲେ ଯାହାର ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗରେ ଏକ ଲମ୍ବା ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ଗଭୀର କଟା ଦାଗ ଥିଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କୁକୁଡ଼ା ଅଣ୍ଡା ଭଳି ବୃହଦାକାର ଥିଲା । ସେହି ରାସ୍ତା ଦେଇ ଯାଉଥ‌ିବା ଜଣେ ପଥ୍ୟ ଜିନିଷଟିକୁ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ଏବଂ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ତାହାକୁ ଏକ ପେନି (ବ୍ରିଟିଶ ମୁଦ୍ରା) ବିନିମୟରେ କିଣିନେଲେ । ତାହାକୁ ସହରକୁ ନେଇ ଏକ ବିସ୍ମୟକର ଜିନିଷଭାବେ ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ ବିକ୍ରୟ କଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କର ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କୁ ଡାକିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେହି ଜିନିଷଟି କ’ଣ ବୋଲି ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ । ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଗଭୀର ଭାବେ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ ଏବଂ ତା’ର ଆଦିଅନ୍ତ କିଛି ପାଇପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଦିନେ ଜିନିଷଟି ଝରକା ଦାଢ଼ରେ ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଏକ କୁକୁଡ଼ା ଉଡ଼ି ଆସି ଏହାକୁ ଖୁମ୍ପିଲା ଏବଂ ଏହାର ମଝିରେ ଏକ ଗାତ କରିଦେଲା । ତା’ପରେ ସମସ୍ତେ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ଏହା ଏକ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନା । ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ‘ଏହା ଏକ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନା ଅଟେ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
ravine – A very deep narrow valley
shape – size
wise men – intelligent people
ponder – to think deeply
make head or tail – ଆଦି-ଅନ୍ତ ନିରୂପଣ କରିବା, ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପ୍ରୟାସ କରିର |
window-sill – a lodge forming the bottom part of the window sill below the window
peck – ଖୁମ୍ପିର |

Para: At this, the King was much surprised, and he ordered the learned men to find out when and where such corn had grown. The learned men pondered again, and searched in their books, but could find nothing about it. So they returned to the King and said: ‘We can give you no answer. There is nothing about it in our books. You will have to ask the peasants; perhaps some of them may have heard from their fathers when and where grain grew to such a size.

So the King gave orders that some very old peasants should be brought before him; his servants found such a man and brought him to the King. Old and bent, ashy pale and toothless, he just managed with the help of two crutches to totter into the King’s presence. The King showed him the grain, but the old man could hardly see it; he took it, however, and felt it with his hands. The King questioned him, saying: ‘Can you tell us, old man, where such grain as this grown? Have you ever bought such corn, or sown such in your fields ?’

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏଥରେ ରାଜା ଖୁବ୍ ବିସ୍ମିତ ହେଲେ ଏବଂ ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏହିଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ିଥିଲା ନିରୂପଣ କରିବାକୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ପୁନର୍ବାର ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପୁସ୍ତକସବୁରୁ ଖୋଜିଲେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଏ ବିଷୟରେ କିଛି ପାଇପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନେ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଫେରିଗଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ଆମେ କୌଣସି ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇପାରିବୁ ନାହିଁ । ଏ ବିଷୟରେ ଆମ ପୁସ୍ତକଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ କିଛି ନାହିଁ । ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଏ ବିଷୟରେ କୃଷକମାନଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ, ହୁଏତ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେତେକ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବାପାମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଏଭଳି ଆକାରର ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା ଶୁଣିଥାଇପାରନ୍ତି ।’’

ତେଣୁ କିଛି ବୃଦ୍ଧ କୃଷକଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଅଣାଯାଉ ବୋଲି ରାଜା ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ କର୍ମଚାରୀମାନେ ଏଭଳି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ପାଇଲେ ଓ ତାଙ୍କୁ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆଣିଲେ । ସେ ବୁଢ଼ା ଥିଲେ ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଣ୍ଟା ନଇଁ ଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଓ ଦନ୍ତହୀନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ଧରି ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କୁ ସେହି ଶସ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଦେଖାଇଲେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ବୃଦ୍ଧଜଣଙ୍କ ତାକୁ ଠିକ୍‌ ଭାବେ ଦେଖିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ହାତରେ ଧରି ଏହାର ଆକାରକୁ ଅନୁଭବ କରିପାରିଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କରି କହିଲେ : ‘‘ହେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ, ତୁମେ ଏହିଭଳି ଆକାରର ଶସ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ିଥିଲା ଆମକୁ କହିପାରିବ କି ? ତୁମେ ଏହିଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେ କିଣିଛ କି କିମ୍ବା ତୁମ ଜମିରେ ବୁଣିଛ କି ?’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
surprise – amaze
Search – ଖୋଜିବା
peasants – କୃଷକ
bent – ବଙ୍କା
ashy pale – unhealthy
toothless – without tooth
crutches – ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି
totter – to walk unsteadily

Para: The old man was so deaf that he could hardly hear what the King said, and only understood with great difficulty. ‘No,’ he answered, at last, 7 never sowed nor reaped any like it in my fields, nor did / ever buy any such. When we bought corn, the grains were always as small as they are now. But you might ask my father. He may have heard where such grain grew.’

So the King sent for the old man’s father, and he was found and brought before the King. He came walking with one crutch. The King showed him the grain, and the old peasant, who was still able to see, took a good look at it. And the King asked him: ‘Can you not tell us, old man, where corn like this used to grow? Have you ever bought any like it, or sown any in your fields ?’

ଅନୁବାଦ : ବୃଦ୍ଧଲୋକଟି ଏତେ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ବଧୂର ଥିଲା ଯେ ସେ ରାଜାଙ୍କ କଥା ଶୁଣିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ, କେବଳ ବହୁ କଷ୍ଟରେ ବୁଝିପାରିଲା । ଶେଷରେ ସେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲା, ‘ନା, ମୁଁ ଏଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ ମୋ ଜମିରେ ବୁଣିନାହିଁ କି ଅମଳ କରିନାହିଁ, କିମ୍ବା ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେ କିଣି ନାହିଁ । ଆମେ ଯେତେ ଶସ୍ୟ କିଣିଥିଲୁ, ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଆଜିକାର ଭଳି କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଆପଣ ମୋ ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିପାରନ୍ତି । ସେ ଏଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା ଶୁଣିଥାଇ ପାରନ୍ତି ।’ ତେଣୁ ରାଜା ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ଡକାଇ ପଠାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଖୋଜାଗଲା ଓ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଅଣାଗଲା ।

ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଚାଲିଚାଲି ଆସିଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନାଟି ଦେଖାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ଏବେବି ଦେଖି ପାରୁଥବାରୁ ସେ ଏହାକୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ହେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ! ଏଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା ଆମକୁ ତୁମେ କହିପାରିବ କି ? ଏଭଳି କିଛି ତୁମେ କେବେ କିଣିଛ କି କିମ୍ବା ତୁମ କ୍ଷେତରେ ବୁଣିଛ କି ?’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
sow – ବୁଣିବା
send for – ଡକାଇ ପଠାଇରା
reap – ଅମଳ କରିର |

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
What did the children find in the ravine?
(ପିଲାମାନେ ଗଭୀର ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଉପତ୍ୟକାରୁ କ’ଣ ପାଇଲେ ?)
Answer:
The children found in the ravine a thing shaped like a grain of corn with a long narrow, deep line cut in its middle surface. Its size was as large as a hen’s egg.

Question 2.
How did the wise men know that was a grain of corn?
(ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ତାହା ଏକ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନ ଥିଲା ବୋଲି କିପରି ଜାଣିଲେ ?)
Answer:
When the wise men were told to find out what the thing was, they thought over the matter deeply but did not get any answer. One day, when the thing was lying on a window sill, a hen flew in and pecked at it till she made a hole in it. Then everyone, including the wise men, knew that was a grain of com.

Question 3.
What did the king do to collect information about the grain?
(ଶସ୍ୟଦାନ ବିଷୟରେ ସୂଚନା ପାଇବାପାଇଁ ରାଜା କ’ଣ କଲେ ?)
Answer:
To collect information about the grain, the king ordered the learned men to find out when and where such com had grown.

Question 4.
Could the learned men find out the answer? What were their suggestions?
(ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ କୌଣସି ଉତ୍ତର ପାଇପାରିଲେ କି ? ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The learned men could not find out the answer even after thinking carefully and searching thoroughly their books. But they gave suggestions to the king to ask the peasants who might have heard from their fathers when and where the grain of such a size grew.

Question 5.
What was the king’s question to the old peasant who came first?
(ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆସିଥ‌ିବା ବୃଦ୍ଧ କୃଷକଙ୍କୁ ରାଜାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The king showed the grain to the 01(1 peasant who could hardly see it. However, he felt it with his hands. The king asked him if he had ever bought such corn or sown such in his fields.

Question 6.
Was he able to hear and see? What was his answer?
(ସେ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ଏବଂ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ସକ୍ଷମ ଥିଲା କି ? ତାଙ୍କର ଉତ୍ତର କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
No, the old man was neither able to see nor hear what the king said, but he understood it with great difficulty. His answer was that he never sowed nor reaped such a large size of corn in his fields. He also never bought any such. During his time the grains were always as small as they are now. He suggested the king ask his father about the grain.

Question 7.
How did the old peasant’s father come to the king? Was he able to see?
(ବୃଦ୍ଧ କୃଷକଙ୍କ ବାପା ରାଜାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ କିପରି ଆସିଲେ ? ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ସକ୍ଷମ ଥିଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
The old peasant’s father came to the king walking with one crutch. His eyesight was better than his son and he was able to see.

Question 8.
The king asked the same question to the old man’s father. Now goes what could be his answer, will he be able to recognize the grain?
(ସେହି ସମାନ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଟି ରାଜା ବୃଦ୍ଧ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଉତ୍ତର କ’ଣ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବ ପରେପଢ଼ିବା, ସେ ସେହି ଶସ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଚିହ୍ନବା ପାଇଁ ସକ୍ଷମ ହୋଇଥବେ କି ?)
Answer:
The king asked the same question to the old man’s father. But he would not be able to recognize the grain. Because during his time, the grains were larger than today but not as large as the grain found by the children.

TEXT – II

Para: Though the old man was rather hard of hearing, he still heard better than his son had done. ‘No, he said, “I never sowed nor reaped any grain like this in my field. As to buying, I never bought any, for in my time money was not yet in use. Everyone grew his own corn, and when there was any need, we shared with one another. ¡ do not know where corn like this grew Ours was large and yielded more flour than present-day grain, but ¡ never saw any like this. 1 have, however. heard my father say that in his time the grain grew larger and yielded more flour than ours. You had better ask him.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଯଦିଓ ବୃଦ୍ଧଲୋକଟି ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଶୁଣିପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ, ତଥାପି ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧିକ ଶୁଣିପାରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ କହିଲେ, ‘ନା, ମୁଁ ମୋ କ୍ଷେତରେ ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ ବୁଣି ନ ଥୁଲି କି ଅମଳ କରି ନ ଥୁଲି । ମୁଁ ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେହେଲେ କିଣି ନ ଥିଲି, କାରଣ ମୋ ସମୟରେ ଟଙ୍କାର ପ୍ରଚଳନ ନ ଥିଲା । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ନିଜର ଶସ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ପାଦନ କରୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଦରକାର ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲା ଆମେ ପରସ୍ପର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବାଣ୍ଟି ନେଉଥିଲୁ । ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ କେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା ମୁଁ ଜାଣେ ନାହିଁ । ଆମ ବେଳର ଶସ୍ୟ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ବଡ଼ ଥିଲା ଓ ଅଧିକ ଅଟା ଉତ୍ପାଦନ ହେଉଥିଲା, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ ମୁଁ କେବେ ଦେଖୁନଥିଲି । ମୁଁ ମୋ ବାପା କହୁଥିବାର ଶୁଣିଛି ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନା ଆମ ସମୟ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ବଡ଼ ଥିଲା ଓ ଅଧିକ ଅଟା ଉତ୍ପାଦିତ ହେଉଥିଲା । ଆପଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ ଭଲ ହେବ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
yield – produce (ଉତ୍ପାଦନ କରିବା)
better ask him – ତାଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ ଭଲ ହେବ
not yet in use – ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉ ନ ଥିଲା

Para: So the king sent for this old man’s father, and they found him too and brought him before the King. He entered walking easily and without crutches: his eye was clear, his hearing good, and he spoke distinctly. The King showed him the grain, and the old grandfather looked at it and turned it about in his hand. ‘It is long since I saw such a fine grain’, said he, and he bit a piece off and tasted it.

‘It’s the very same kind’, he added. ‘Tell me, grandfather, said the King’, ‘When and where was such com grown? Have you ever bought any like it, or sown any in your fields ?’ And the old man replied: ‘Corn like this used to grow everywhere in my time. I lived on corn like this in my young days and fed others on it. It was grain like that we used to sow and reap and thrash’.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ତେଣୁ ରାଜା ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ବାପାଙ୍କୁ ଡକାଇ ପଠାଇଲେ ଓ ସେମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପାଇଗଲେ ଏବଂ ରାଜାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆଣିଲେ । ସେ ବିନା ଆଶାବାଡ଼ିରେ ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛନ୍ଦରେ ଚାଲି ଚାଲି ଆସିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଚକ୍ଷୁ ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଥୁଲା, ଶ୍ରବଣ ଶକ୍ତି ଉତ୍ତମ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟଭାବେ କହିପାରୁଥିଲେ । ରାଜା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନାଟି ଦେଖାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଜେଜେବାପା ଏହାକୁ ହାତରେ ଲେଉଟାଇ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ସେ କହିଲେ, ‘ଏପରି ଉତ୍ତମ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନା ମୁଁ ବହୁଦିନ ତଳେ ଦେଖୁଥୁଲି ।’’ ସେ ସେଥୁରୁ ଖଣ୍ଡିଏ କାମୁଡ଼ି କରି ଚାଖିଲେ ।

‘‘ଏହା ଠିକ୍ ସେହି ପ୍ରକାରର,’’ ସେ ପୁଣି କହିଲେ । ରାଜା କହିଲେ, ‘ଜେଜେବାପା ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ କେବେ ଓ କେଉଁଠି ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା ଆମକୁ କୁହନ୍ତୁ ? ତୁମେ କେବେ ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ କିଣିଛ କି କିମ୍ବା ନିଜ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ବୁଣିଛ କି ? ଏବଂ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଜଣକ କହିଲେ, ‘ମୋ ସମୟରେ ଏଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ ସବୁଠାରେ ବଢ଼ୁଥିଲା । ମୋ ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥାରେ ମୁଁ ଏହାକୁ ଖାଇ ବଞ୍ଚୁଥୁଲି ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ଖୁଆଉଥୁଲି । ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ ଆମେ ବୁଣୁଥ୍ ଏବଂ ବାଡ଼େଇ କରି ଅମଳ କରୁଥିଲୁ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
distinctly – clearly ( ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ )
reap – harvest (ଅମଳ କରିବା)
sow – ବୁଣିବା
thrash – to beat repeatedly (କ୍ରମାଗତଭାବେ ବାଡ଼େଇବା )

Para: And the King asked:’Tell me, grandfather, did you buy it anywhere, or did you grow it all yourself ?’ ’ The old man smiled. ‘In my time, he answered, ‘no one ever thought of such a sin as buying or selling bread, and we knew nothing of money. Each man had corn enough of his own.’ ‘Then tell me, grandfather’, asked the King, ‘where was your field, where did you grow corn like this ?’ And the grandfather answered: ‘My field was God’s earth, wherever 1 plowed, there was my field. The land was free. It was a thing no man called his own. Labour was the only thing men called their own.’

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏବଂ ରାଜା ପଚାରିଲେ : ‘‘ଜେଜେବାପା, ଆମକୁ କୁହନ୍ତୁ, ତୁମେ ଏହାକୁ କୌଣସିଠାରୁ କିଶୁଥୁଲ ନା ନିଜେ ସବୁ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କରୁଥୁଲ ?’’ ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଜଣକ ହସିଲେ । ସେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ, ‘ଆମ ସମୟରେ ଶସ୍ୟ ବିକିବା ଓ କିଣିବା ଭଳି ପାପ କଥା କେହି କେବେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଆମେ ଟଙ୍କା ବିଷୟରେ କିଛି ଜାଣି ନ ଥିଲୁ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ନିଜ ପାଇଁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ଶସ୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ରାଜା ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘ଜେଜେବାପା, ତେବେ ମୋତେ କୁହନ୍ତୁ ତୁମର କ୍ଷେତ କେଉଁଠି ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ତୁମେ କେଉଁଠି ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ ଚାଷ କରୁଥି ? ଏବଂ ଜେଜେବାପ! ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ : ‘‘ମୋ’ର କ୍ଷେତ ଥିଲା ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ, ମୁଁ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଚାଷ କରୁଥିଲି, ତାହା ମୋର କ୍ଷେତ ଥିଲା । ଏହାକୁ କେହି ନିଜର ବୋଲି କହୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ଶ୍ରମ ହେଉଛି ଏକମାତ୍ର ଜିନିଷ ଯାହାକୁ ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ନିଜର ବୋଲି କହୁଥିଲେ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
Sin – bad and immoral behaviour (ପାପ)
God’s earth – ଭଗବାନଙ୍କ ପୃଥିବୀ
land was free – ଭୂମି ଥିଲା ମୁକ୍ତ
labour – very hard work (ଶ୍ରମ)

Para: Answer me two more questions, said the King. ‘The first is, why did the earth bear such grain then and has ceased to do so now? And the second is, why your grandson walks with two crutches, your son with one, and you yourself with none? Your eyes are bright, your teeth sound, and your speech clear and pleasant to the ear. How have these things come about ?’ And the old man answered: ‘These things are so because men have ceased to live by their own labor and have taken to depending on the labor of others. In the old time, they lived according to God’s law. They had what was their own, and coveted not what others had produced.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ରାଜା ପଚାରିଲେ, ‘‘ମୋତେ ଆଉ ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ । ପ୍ରଥମ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଟି ହେଲା, ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ସେତେବେଳେ କାହିଁକି ଏପରି ଶସ୍ୟ ଉପୁଜାଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାହିଁକି ସେପରି କରିବା ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେଇଛି ? ଏବଂ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟଟି ହେଲା, ତୁମ ନାତି କାହିଁକି ଦୁଇଟି ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଚାଲୁଛି, ତୁମ ପୁଅ ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଚାଲୁଛି ଏବଂ ତୁମେ ବିନା ଆଶାବାଡ଼ିରେ ଚାଲୁଛ ? ତୁମର ଚକ୍ଷୁ ଦୁଇଟି ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଅଛି, ଦାନ୍ତ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଅଛି ଏବଂ ତୁମର କଥା ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଏବଂ ଶ୍ରୁତିମଧୁର ହେଉଛି । ଏସବୁ କିପରି ସମ୍ଭବ ହେଉଛି ? ଏବଂ ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଜଣକ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ : ‘ଏସବୁ ଏପରି ହୋଇଛି, କାରଣ ଲୋକମାନେ ନିଜ ଶ୍ରମରେ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଚାଡ଼ି ଦେଇ ଅନ୍ୟର ଶ୍ରମ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରି ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳରେ ସେମାନେ ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ନିୟମାନୁଯାୟୀ ବଞ୍ଚୁଥିଲେ । ଯାହା ନିଜସ୍ବ ତାହା ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଥିଲା, ଅନ୍ୟର ଉତ୍ପାଦନକୁ ସେମାନେ ନିଜର କରିବାକୁ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ନ ଥିଲେ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
cease – stop (ବନ୍ଦ କରିଡ଼େବା)
pleasant – full of pleasure (ଆନନ୍ଦମୟକ)
God’s law – law of nature (ଭଗବାନଙ୍କ ନିୟମ)
covet – wish eagerly to have other’s possession (ଅନ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ଅଧିକାର ପାଇ ପ୍ରଇବା ଇଚ୍ଛା )
produce – law of nature (ଉତ୍ପାଦନ କରିବା)

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
How big was the corn in his father’s time?
(ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଶସ୍ୟ କେତେ ବଡ଼ ଥୁଲା ?)
Answer:
In his father’s time, the com was larger and yielded more flour than the present-day grain.

Question 2.
Read the lines that describe the old man’s grandfather.
(ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରୁଥ‌ିବା ଧାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ ।)
Answer:
The old man’s grandfather entered walking easily without crutches: his eyes were clear, the hearing was good, and he spoke distinctly because his teeth were intact.

Question 3.
What was the grandfather’s reply to the king’s question?
(ରାଜାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପାଇଁ ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କର ଉତ୍ତର କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
In reply to the king’s question, the grandfather said that it was a long since he saw such a fine grain. Com of that size had grown everywhere in his time. He lived on com like that in his young days and fed others on it. It was a grain like this they used to sow and reap in the field.

Question 4.
Did the people in their grandfather’s time buy or sell bread?
(ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ଶସ୍ୟ କିଣୁଥିଲେ କିମ୍ବା ବିକୁଥିଲେ କି ?)
Answer:
No, in grandfather’s time, people did not buy or sell bread. They thought buying or selling bread was a sin. They knew nothing of money. Each man had corn enough of his own.

Question 5.
Was the land free during his time? Say the lines that suggest?
(ତାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଜମି ମୁକ୍ତ ଥିଲା କି ? ଏହା ସୂଚାଉଥବା ଧାଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକ କୁହ ।)
Answer:
Yes, the land was free during his time. The lines: “My field was God’s earth, wherever I plowed, there was my field. Land was free. It was a thing no man called his own.” suggest it.

Question 6.
What were the last two questions of the king?
(ରାଜାଙ୍କର ଶେଷ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଦୁଇଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The last questions of the king were why the earth bore such big-size grain then and has ceased to do so now. The second question was why his grandson walked with two crutches, his son with one crutch and he himself without a crutch. Why his eyes were clear, teeth sound, speech clear and pleasant to hear. The king wanted to know the reason behind this.

Question 7.
What reply did the grandfather give?
(ଜେଜେବାପା କ’ଣ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
The grandfather replied that these things were so because men had ceased to live by their own labor and had depended on the labor of others. In old days. they lived according to God’s law. They never wished to have something that belonged to others.

D. WRITING

Answer the following questions in fifty words.
(ପଚାଶଟି ଶବ୍ଦରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
How did the grain of corn reach the king?
(ଶସ୍ୟଦାନାଟି ରାଜାଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ କିପରି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା ?)
Answer:
One day some children found, in a ravine, a thing shaped like a grain of corn with a long deep line cut down the middle of its surface. The item was as large as a hen’s egg. A traveler was passing nearby. He saw the thing and bought that from the children for a penny. He took it to town and sold it to the king as a curiosity.

Question 2.
How did the wise men know that it was a grain of corn?
(ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଏହା ଏକ ଶସ୍ୟଦାନ ବୋଲି କିପରି ଜାଣିଲେ ? )
Answer:
After buying the grain of corn from the traveler which was as large as a hen’s egg, the king called together his wise men and told them to find out what the thing was. The wise men thought over the matter deeply but could not get any answer. One day. when the thing was lying on a window-sill, a hen flew in and pecked at it till she made a hole in it. Then everyone saw that it was a grain of corn. In this way, the wise men came to know that it was a grain of corn.

Question 3.
What suggestions did the learned men give to the king to find out when and where such corn had grown?
(ସେହିଭଳି ଶସ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ପାଦନ କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା ତାହା ଜାଣିବା ପାଇଁ ବିଜ୍ଞ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ରାଜାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦେଲେ ?)
Answer:
The learned men after pondering over the matter and searching in their books. could find nothing about it. They suggested the king ask the peasants about the whereabouts of the corn because some of them might have heard from their fathers when and where grains had grown to such a size.

Question 4.
What were the replies given by the old peasant and his father regarding the corn?
(ଶସ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ କୃଷକ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କଦ୍ବାରା ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତର କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?
Answer:
In reply to the king’s question, the old peasant told the king that he had never sowed nor reaped any corn like that in his fields. The grains they bought were as small as the present-day grains. His father might have known about such a large size grain. ¡n reply to the king’s question his father said that he had never sowed nor reaped any corn like that in his fields. He had never bought any as money was not in use then.

In his time everyone grew his own corn and in time of leed, they exchanged with one another. Of course, the grain of their time was larger and yielded more flour than the present-day grain. He had heard from his father that the grain grew larger in his father’s time. So it would be better for the king to ask his father.

Question 5.
How were the three old men in the story described?
(ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ତିନିଜଣ ବୃଦ୍ଧବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ କିଭଳି ଭାବେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
As per the king’s order, the first old man came with two crutches to the king. He had lost all his sense organs. Neither did he see clearly nor hear nor speak distinctly. He understood with great difficulty what the king told. The second old man was better than the first old man. He came walking with the help of one crutch.

He could see the grain but could manage to understand what the king told him. The third old man who was the grandfather of the first old man walked easily without the help of any crutch. He could speak distinctly and could see clearly. He recognized the corn which was produced during his time.

Question 6.
Briefly describe the lifestyle of the people during grandfather’s time?
(ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କ ସମୟର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)
Answer:
During my grandfather’s time., things were not sold or bought. They knew nothing of money. Each man had corn enough of his own. The land was free. It was a thing no man called his own. Labour was the only thing men called their own. Each man had corn enough of his own. The people lived according to God’s rule. They never wished to have something that belonged to others.

Question 7.
What comments did the grandfather give on the lifestyle of people today?
(ଜେଜେବାପା ଆଜିକାଲିର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନଶୈଳୀ ଉପରେ କ’ଣ ଟିପ୍‌ପଣୀ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
Nowadays people have become selfish. Men have ceased to live by their own labor and have taken to depend on the labor of others. They have a strong desire for the things that belong to others. So they have become weak and unhealthy.

E. ACTIVITY

1. Draw a family tree using the information given in the story.
(a) Here are some words and expressions given in the box. Choose the right words/expressions and fill in the following diagram.
toothless, one crutch, eyes clear, old and bent, two crutches, without crutches, heard better, spoke distinctly, ashy pale, still able to see, hearing good
Draw a family tree using the information given in the story.
Answer:

(b) Now use the words and expressions in your own sentences to describe the three old men. Then arrange the sentences in the order of the story.
Answer:
A. Son
(i) He was toothless.
(ii) He was old and bent.
(iii) He was ashy pale.
(iv) He walked with two crutches.
B. Father
(i) He walked to the king with a crutch.
(ii) He heard better.
C. Grandfather
(i) He walked to the king easily without crutches.
(ii) He had clear eyes.
(iii) He spoke distinctly.
(iv) His hearing was good.

Arrangement of the sentences in order of the story :
4. The peasant was old and bent.
9. The old peasant who was brought to the king was ashy and pale.
1. The old man was toothless.
5. The old man came to the king with the help of two crutches.
2. The old man’s father came walking to the king with one crutch.
10. The old man’s father was still able to see the grain.
7. The old man’s father heard better than his son.
6. The old man’s grandfather walked easily without crutches.
3. Although her grandfather was old, his eyes were clear.
11. The old man’s grandfather’s hearing was good.
8. The old man’s grandfather spoke distinctly before the king regarding the size of the grain.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English A Grain as big as a Hen’s Egg Important Questions and Answers

Very Short A Objective Questions With Answers:
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Where did the children find the thing?
Answer:
in a ravine

Question 2.
What was the thing shaped like?
Answer:
a grain of corn

Question 3.
Who bought the thing from the children?
Answer:
a traveler

Question 4.
How much did he pay for the thing?
Answer:
a penny

Question 5.
Who did the traveler sell it to?
Answer:
to the King

Question 6.
Who did the king tell to find out what the thing was?
Answer:
to the wise men

Question 7.
Who pecked at the thing?
Answer:
a hen

Question 8.
Where was the thing laying when a hen-pecked at it?
Answer:
on a window-sill

Question 9.
“It is a grain of corn.” Who said it to whom?
Answer:
the wise men to the king

Question 10.
Who searched in their books and found nothing about the grain of corn?
Answer:
the learned men

Question 11.
Who found the very old peasant and brought him to the king?
Answer:
the king’s servants

Question 12.
How did the very old peasant walk?
Answer:
with the help of two crutches

Question 13.
What did the old peasant feel with his hands?
Answer:
the grain

Question 14.
Whom did the king ask about the corn finding no answer from the old peasant?
Answer:
to the old peasant’s father

Question 15.
How did the old peasant’s father walk?
Answer:
with the help of one crutch

Question 16.
Who was rather heard of hearing?
Answer:
the old peasant’s father

Question 17.
“Ìn my time money was not yet in use.” Who said this?
Answer:
the old peasant’s father

Question 18.
What did people share with one another in the second old man’s time?
Answer:
the corn

Question 19.
How did the old peasant’s grandfather enter the king’s presence?
Answer:
without crutches

Question 20.
How were the grandfather’s eyes?
Answer:
clear

Question 21.
How did the grandfather speak?
Answer:
distinctly

Question 22.
“It is the very same kind.” Who said this?
Answer:
the old peasant’s grandfather

Question 23.
What was considered a sin during her grandfather’s time?
Answer:
selling or buying bread

Question 24.
What was free during her grandfather’s time?
Answer:
land

Question 25.
What was the only thing men called their own?
Answer:
labor

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. One day some children found a thing shaped like a grain of corn in a _________.
Answer:
ravine

2. bought the thing from the children _________.
Answer:
a traveler

3. The traveler sold the thing to the king as a ___________.
Answer:
curiosity

4. The traveler bought the thing from the children for a _________.
Answer:
penny

5. ___________ confirmed to the king that it was a grain of corn.
Answer:
The wise men

6. The king ordered the __________ to find out when and where such corn had grown.
Answer:
the wise men

7. The learned men searched in their ___________ about the thing.
Answer:
books

8. The learned men advised the king to ask __________ about the strange thing.
Answer:
the peasants

9. ________ were brought before the king first.
Answer:
the very old peasant

10. __________ managed with the help of two crutches to totter into the king’s presence.
Answer:
The very old peasant

11. The king asked the old peasant __________ questions.
Answer:
two

12. The old peasant was rather hard of __________.
Answer:
hearing

13. _________ came walking with one crutch.
Answer:
the old peasant’s father

14. The grains were always as small as they are now in _________ time.
Answer:
the second old man’s

15. __________ had good look.
Answer:
the old man’s father

16. The king’s first question to the old man’s father was ___________.
Answer:
where corn used to grow

17. The very old peasant was old and bent, __________ and toothless.
Answer:
ashy pale

18. The grain was placed on a _________ when a hen-pecked it.
Answer:
window sill

19. __________ pondered and pondered about the thing.
Answer:
the wise men

20. The children found _____ in a ravine.
Answer:
a thing shaped like a grain

21. After the king’s order, the wise men pondered and pondered and could not make _________ of it.
Answer:
head or tail

22. “I never sowed nor reaped any grain like this in my field”. The statement said by _________.
Answer:
the old man

23. ‘Money was not yet ¡n use in the time of __________.
Answer:
the old man

24. In the old man’s time the grain was larger and yielded _________ than present-day grain.
Answer:
more flour

25. _________ entered walking easily and without crutches.
Answer:
Grandfather

26. The grandfather’s eyes were ____________.
Answer:
clear

27. Grandfather spoke _________.
Answer:
distinctly

28. “It’s long since I saw such a fine grain.” ____________ said by.
Answer:
grandfather

29. ________ looked at the grain and turned it about in his hand.
Answer:
grandfather

30. ‘To walk in an unsteady way’ means ____________.
Answer:
totter

Multiple Choice Questions With Answers

Question 1.
The children found a thing shaped like a grain of corn in the ___________?
(A) in the valley
(B) in a ravine
(C) in the mountain
(D) in the stream
Answer:
(B) in a ravine

Question 2.
The traveler bought the thing for a __________?
(A) rupee
(B) dollar
(C) rouble
(D) penny
Answer:
(D) penny

Question 3.
The corn was sold .to __________ as a curiosity?
(A) the dealer
(B) the wise man
(C) the king
(D) the minister
Answer:
(C) the king

Question 4.
There was a in the middle of the corn?
(A) porous
(B) crack
(C) groove
(D) hole
Answer:
(C) groove

Question 5.
The wise men couldn’t make __________ of the grain?
(A) head and tail
(B) head and leg
(C) hand and glove
(D) hide and seek
Answer:
(A) head and tail

Question 6.
One day a hen flew in and pecked at the corn which was placed?
(A) on the table
(B) in the comer of the room
(C) on the shelf
(D) on the window sill.
Answer:
(D) on the window sill.

Question 7.
‘We can give no answer’, Who said it?
(A) the king
(B) the wise men
(C) the councilors
(D) the ministers
Answer:
(B) the wise men

Question 8.
The learned men suggested the king to consult ___________?
(A) the magicians
(B) the doctors
(C) the soldiers
(D) the peasants
Answer:
(D) the peasants

Question 9.
The king ordered the learned men to find out __________?
(A) when and how much corn had grown
(B) when and why is such corn had grown
(C) where and why such corn had grown
(D) when and where such corn had grown
Answer:
(D) when and where such corn had grown

Question 10.
The traveler bought the corn from the children and took it?
(A) to the village
(B) to the village market
(C) to the Big Bazar
(D) to the town
Answer:
(D) to the town

Question 11.
The first old man could not see the corn so ___________?
(A) he bit a piece of it
(B) he felt the corn with his hand
(C) he smelt it
(D) he could understand it.
Answer:
(B) he felt the corn with his hand

Question 12.
‘Have you ever bought such corn or sown such in your fields?
(A) The first old man asked the second old man
(B) The second old man asked the first old man
(C) The third old man asked the king
(D) The king questioned the first old man
Answer:
(D) The king questioned the first old man

Question 13.
The father came to the king’s presence with the help of __________?
(A) one crutch
(B) two crutches
(C) a stick
(D) a crowbar
Answer:
(A) one crutch

Question 14.
The grandfather walked easily _________?
(A) with help of two crutches
(B) with the help of one crutch
(C) with the help of a stick
(D) without any crutch
Answer:
(D) without any crutch

Question 15.
The first old man suggested consulting his ________?
(A) mother
(B) brother
(C) father
(D) sister
Answer:
(C) father

Question 16.
The grandfather spoke distinctly because __________?
(A) his teeth were intact
(B) he was toothless
(C) he was rather weak
(D) he was blind and deaf
Answer:
(A) his teeth were intact

Question 17.
When the king showed the old grandfather the grain _________?
(A) he looked at it
(B) he held it about in his hand
(C) he bit a piece of it
(D) he felt it with his hand
Answer:
(D) he felt it with his hand

Question 18.
The third old man lived on the com like this in his __________?
(A) old days
(B) young days
(C) infancy
(D) school days
Answer:
(B) young days

Question 19.
According to the old grandfather in the past was the only thing that man called his own?
(A) house
(B) field
(C) land
(D) labor
Answer:
(D) labour

Question 20.
During the grandfather’s time, buying and selling were considered as _________?
(A) virtue
(B) vice
(C) honesty
(D) sin
Answer:
(D) sin

Question 21.
What was the third old man like?
(A) he walked easily without any crutch
(B) his eyes were clear and his hearing was good
(C) his teeth were intact and spoke distinctly
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Question 22.
What was the only thing that man called his own?
(A) water
(B) land
(C) labor
(D) corn
Answer:
(C) labour

Question 23.
Who was toothless, old, bent, and ashy pale and walked with two crutches?
(A) the son
(B) the father
(C) the grandfather
(D) the mother
Answer:
(A) the son

Question 24.
Who walked without any crutch?
(A) the son
(B) the father
(C) the grandfather
(D) the wise man
Answer:
(C) the grandfather

Question 25.
Today men have ceased to live on their own?
(A) land
(B) labor
(C) property
(D) com
Answer:
(B) labour

Question 26.
People in modern times don’t live according to __________?
(A) popular law
(B) social custom
(C) God’s law
(D) social law
Answer:
(C) God’s law

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Non-Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Village Judge

November 9, 2023November 8, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Village Judge Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Village Judge

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 3 The Village Judge Questions and Answers

Before You Read
Man is the best-gifted creature on earth. He is endowed with different wonderful and peculiar qualities. He is a rational animal who is guided by his own conscience. Conscience plays an important role in pronouncing a judgement. While pronouncing a judgement, one sees no difference between friends and enemies. It is often said that the voice of the judge is the voice of God. So godly feeling is evoked in the heart of a judge. The pronouncement of a right and just judgement is heaven.

Pronouncement of a wrong and unjust judgement is hell. Although a human being is the best creature, he is still endowed with some wonderful vices like enmity, jealousy, hatred, rude attitude etc. A situation comes when even two friends may quarrel. A situation comes when a man may become selfish and forgets others’ sacrifices towards him. In such a situation, we require a judge the right judgement so that the righteous person will be rewarded and the guilty person will be punished.

This story narrates the character of two friends named Jumman Sheikh and Aigu Chaudhuri who came to face a situation in which panchayat had to be set up and a wonderful judgement was pronounced by Aigu that went against Jumman who had treated his aunt rudely and confiscated her property. He was asked to give a monthly allowance to his aunt.

Similarly, there was another panchayat where the judgement was pronounced against Samjhoo who was not giving money for the bullock brought from Aigu. In this panchayat, Juniman was the panch who could pronounce the right judgement by which Samjhoo was bound to pay the money for the bullock to Aigu. In this way, the truth comes in the voice of the Judge who is the representative of God.

ବିଷୟ ପୂଚନ।
ପୃଥ‌ିବୀପୃଷ୍ଠରେ ମଣିଷ ହେଉଛି ସର୍ବୋତ୍ତମ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ପ୍ରାଣୀ । ସେ ଅନେକଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ବିସ୍ମୟକର ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ଗୁଣାବଳୀ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଜଣେ ବିବେକସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ଯିଏକି ନିଜ ବିବେକଦ୍ୱାରା ପରିଚାଳିତ ହୁଏ । ଏକ ବିଚାର ବା ରାୟ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବାରେ ବିବେକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭୂମିକା ନିର୍ବାହ କରେ । ଏକ ରାୟ ଘୋଷଣା କଲାବେଳେ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବନ୍ଧୁ ଓ ଶତ୍ରୁମାନଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଦେଖେ ନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ଯେ ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତିର ସ୍ବର ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଅଟେ । ଏକ ଠିକ୍ ଓ ନ୍ୟାୟ ବିଚାରର ଘୋଷଣା ସ୍ବର୍ଗ ଅଟେ । ଏକ ଭୁଲ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାୟ ବିଚାରର ଘୋଷଣା ନର୍କ ଅଟେ ।

ଯଦିଓ ମଣିଷ ସର୍ବୋତ୍ତମ ପ୍ରାଣୀ, ତଥାପି ଶତ୍ରୁତା, ଈର୍ଷାପରାୟଣତା, ଘୃଣାଭାବ, ନିର୍ଭୟ ଭାବ ଭଳି ଅନେକ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକ ଦୁର୍ଗୁଣ ତା’ ପାଖରେ ରହିଛି । ଏପରି ବେଳା ଆସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ କି ଦୁଇବନ୍ଧୁ କଳହ କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ଏପରିବେଳା ଆସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ମଣିଷ ସ୍ବାର୍ଥପର ହୋଇଯାଏ ଓ ନିଜ ପ୍ରତି ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ତ୍ୟାଗକୁ ଭୁଲିଯାଏ । ଏପରି ସମୟରେ ଆମେ ଏକ ସଠିକ୍ ରାୟ ଦେବା ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରୁ ଯଦ୍ବାରା ନ୍ୟାୟବାନ୍ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ପୁରସ୍କୃତ ହୁଏ ଓ ଦୋଷୀ ଦଣ୍ଡ ପାଏ । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପ ଜୁମନ ଶେଖ୍ ଓ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ନାମକ ଦୁଇବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ଚରିତ୍ରକୁ ବର୍ଣନା କରେ ଯେଉଁ ଦୁଇଜଣ ଏପରି ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ଯେଉଁ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଏକ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ବସିଥିଲା ଓ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ଏପରି ଏକ ବିସ୍ମୟ ରାୟ ଘୋଷଣା କରିଥିଲେ ଯାହାକି ଜୁମ୍ମନ ବିରୋଧରେ ଯାଇଥିଲା

ଯିଏକି ନିଜ ଚାଚୀଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ତ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ହଡପ କରି ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିଲା । ତାକୁ ନିଜ ଚାଚୀଙ୍କୁ ମାସିକ ବୃତ୍ତି ଦେବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେହିପରି ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ବସିଥିଲା, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ସମଝୁ ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ରାୟ ଘୋଷିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ଯିଏକି ଅଲଗୁଠାରୁ କିଣିଥ‌ିବା ବଳଦପାଇଁ ଟଙ୍କା ଦେଇ ନ ଥିଲା । ଏହି ପଞ୍ଚାୟତରେ କୁମ୍ଭନ ପଞ୍ଚ ବା ବିଚାରପତି ଥିଲା ଯିଏକି ଏକ ନ୍ୟାୟ ବିଚାର ଦେଇଥୁଲା, ଯଦ୍ବାରା ସମୂ ବଳଦପାଇ ଅଲଗୁକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଦେବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହିପରି ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତିନିଧ୍ଵଭାବେ ବିବେଚିତ ବିଚାରପତିଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵରରେ ସତ୍ୟ ହିଁ ପରିପ୍ରକାଶିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

TEXT – I

Para: Jumman Sheikh and Algu Chaudhuri were great friends. Each trusted the other completely. Jumman Sheikh had an old aunt. She had a small piece of property. Jumman had persuaded her to transfer the property to his name. So long as it was not done, the aunt had been treated with great kindness and respect. But when the property was transferred, all kindness vanished. Jumman and his wife, Kariman, became harsh and rude. For some time the aunt bore all this. But when she could bear it no more, she complained to Jumman, “Son, I can’t go on like this anymore. You should give me some money. I shall cook and eat separately.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୁମ୍ମନ ଶେଖ୍ ଓ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ଦୁହେଁ ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଥିଲେ । ଜଣେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣରୂପେ ବିଶ୍ବାସ କରୁଥିଲା । ଜୁମନ ଶେଖର ଜଣେ ବୃଦ୍ଧା ଚାଚୀ ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଖଣ୍ଡିଏ ଛୋଟ ଜମି ଥିଲା । ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତିକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ନାମକୁ ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତର କରିଦେବାକୁ ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତାଇଲା । ଯେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତର ହୋଇ ନ ଥିଲା, ସେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦୟା ଓ ସମ୍ମାନର ସହିତ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚା କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତର ହୋଇଗଲା, ସବୁ ଦୟା କୁଆଡ଼େ ଉଭେଇଗଲା । ଜୁମ୍ମନ ଏବଂ ତା’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ମନ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ଓ କର୍କଶ ହୋଇଗଲା । କିଛିଦିନ ପାଇଁ ଚାଚୀ ଏସବୁ ସହିଗଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଆଉ ସହିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ, ସେ ଜୁମ୍ଭନ ନିକଟରେ ଅଭିଯୋଗ କରି କହିଲେ, ‘ମୁଁ ଏପରି ଆଉ ଅଧିକ ଦିନ ଚଳିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ମୋତେ କିଛି ଟଙ୍କା ଦିଅ । ମୁଁ ଅଲଗା ରାନ୍ଧିବି ଓ ଖାଇବି ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
go on – continue
bear – put up with
great friends – intimate friends
trusted – had faith in
property – a piece of land
persuaded – convinced
treated – behaved
vanished – disappeared
harsh – cruel
rude – impolite

Para: Jumman replied rudely, “Money does not grow on trees here.”
The aunt grew angry. She threatened to call a panchayat. Juan said, “Certainly, have a panchayat by all means. I also would like a decision. I hate their daily quarrels myself.”For several days after this, the old woman ran from village to village with a stick in her hand to support her. Most of the people did not hear the story of the poor woman with care and attention and did not offer her any comfort. After making her rounds, she came at last to Algu Chaudhuri. She threw her stick, waited for a while to regain her breath and said: “Son, you also should come to my panchayat for a short while.”
Algu: “I can come along if you like. But I shall not open my mouth there”
Aunt: “Why son ?”
Algu: “Jumman is an old friend of mine. I cannot quarrel with him.”
Aunt: “Son, will you hesitate to say the honest thing, because you fear a
quarrel ?”
Algu had no reply to give to the question of the old woman. But her words continued to echo in his heart. “Will you hesitate to say the honest thing, because you fear a quarrel? ”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୁମ୍ମନ ଅଭଦ୍ର ଭାବରେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲା, ‘‘ଏଠି ଟଙ୍କା ଗଛରେ ଫଳୁ ନାହିଁ ।’’
ଚାଚୀ ରାଗିଗଲେ । ସେ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ଡାକିବାକୁ ଧମକ ଦେଲେ । ଜୁମ୍ମନ କହିଲେ, ‘‘ଠିକ୍ ଅଛି, ଯେକୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାର ପଞ୍ଚାୟତଟିଏ ଡାକ I ମୁଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକ ନିଷ୍ପଭି ଚାହୁଁଛି । ମୁଁ ସବୁଦିନ କଳି ଲାଗିବାକୁ ଘୃଣା କରୁଛି ।
ଏହାପରେ ଅନେକ ଦିନ ଧରି ବୃଦ୍ଧା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକଟି ବାଡ଼ିଖଣ୍ଡିଏ ଧରି ଏ ଗାଁରୁ ସେ ଗାଁକୁ ନିଜ ପାଇଁ ସମର୍ଥନ ଯୋଗାଡ଼ କରିବାକୁ ଘୂରି ବୁଲିଲା । ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲୋକ ଗରିବ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକଟିର କଥାକୁ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେଇ ଶୁଣିଲେ ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ତାକୁ କୌଣସି ଆଶ୍ଵାସନା ଦେଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଏହିଭଳି ସବୁଆଡ଼େ ବୁଲି ବୁଲି ସେ ଶେଷରେ ସେ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ପାଖରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା । ସେ ତା’ର ବାଡ଼ି ଫୋପାଡ଼ି ଦେଲା, ନିଃଶ୍ବାସ ନେବାକୁ କ୍ଷଣେ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରି କହିଲା, ‘‘ପୁଅ, ତୁମେ ମଧ୍ଯ ମୋ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତକୁ ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ଆସିବା ଉଚିତ ।’’
ଅଲଗୁ : ‘‘ତୁମେ ଯଦି ଚାହୁଁଛ ମୁଁ ଯାଇପାରିବି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେଠାରେ ମୁଁ ମୁହଁ ଖୋଲିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ ।’’ ଚାଚୀ : ‘‘କାହିଁକି ପୁଅ ?”’
ଅଲଗୁ : ‘‘ଜୁମ୍ମନ ମୋର ପୁରୁଣା ବନ୍ଧୁ । ମୁଁ ତା’ ସହ କଳି କରିପାରିବି ନାହିଁ ।’’
ଚାଚୀ : ‘‘ପୁଅ ତୁମେ କଳିକୁ ଡରୁଥିବାରୁ ସକଥା କହିବାକୁ ଦ୍ବିଧା କରିବ କି ?’’
ବୃଦ୍ଧା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକଟିର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବାକୁ ଅଲଗୁ ପାଖରେ କିଛି ନ ଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ତା’ର କଥା : ‘ତୁମେ କଳିକୁ ଡରୁଥ‌ିବାରୁ ସତ୍ଵକଥା କହିବାକୁ ଦ୍ବିଧା କରିବ କି ?’’ ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
rudely – impolitely
threatened – ଧମକ
decision – ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି
several – a few
support – ସମର୍ଥନ
attention – ଧ୍ୟାନ |
comfort – pleasure
a short while – a short period of time
honest – ସଚ୍ଚୋଟ
echoed – ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ୱନୀ

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who are the main characters here?
(ଏଠାରେ କେଉଁମାନେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଚରିତ୍ର ଅଟନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
Here the main characters are Algu Chaudhury, Jumman Sheikh, his wife Kariman and their old aunt.

Question 2.
How did Jumman and his wife treat his aunt when she had her property?
(ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚାଚୀଙ୍କର ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ଥିଲା ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ଏବଂ ତା’ର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କିଭଳି ତାଙ୍କର ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚା କରୁଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
When the old aunt had her property, Jumman and his wife Kariman treated her with great kindness and respect. She was given due attention.

Question 3.
Why did their behaviour change?
(ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟବହାର କ’ଣ ପାଇଁ ବଦଳିଗଲା ?)
Answer:
They treated their aunt with great kindness and respect because they wanted to possess the old lady’s property. So when the property was transferred from aunt to Jumman, their behaviour changed and all kindness vanished. They became harsh and rude towards the old lady.

Question 4.
What did the Aunt decide to do? Who did she finally go to?
(ଚାଚୀ କ’ଣ କରିବାକୁ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେଲେ ଏବଂ ପରିଶେଷରେ ସେ କାହା ପାଖକୁ ଗଲେ ?)
Answer:
The Aunt decided to call a panchayat against Jumman. Finally, she went to Algu Chaudhuri and requested him to come to her panchayat for a short while.

Question 5.
Algu was not ready to help Jumman’s aunt. How do you think he felt after she had left?
(ଜୁମ୍ମନଙ୍କ ଚାଚୀଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଅଲଗୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ନ ଥିଲା । ଚାଚୀ ଚାଲିଗଲା ପରେ ସେ କିପରି ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିବ ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଭାବୁଛ ?)
Answer:
Algu was not ready to help Jumman’s aunt as he was an old friend of Jumman. But aunt told him that if he would hesitate to say the honest thing only to avoid a quarrel with a friend. Algu had no reply to this question and aunt left the place. I think after the aunt had left the place, Algu would have thought much about the old woman’s question. His conscience would have awakened and he would have decided to go to the Panchayat

TEXT – II

Para: The panchayat met under a tree one evening. The old woman stated her case and then said to Jumman, “Whom would you like to be the panch ?” Jumman answered angrily, “Let me not say anything now, aunt. It is your show. Have anyone you like? ” She said, “Son, have fear of God. The panch is nobody’s friend or enemy. Do you accept Algu Chaudhuri ? I name him Chief Judge.

” Jumman was overjoyed, but he hid his feelings and replied: “Let it be Algu Chaudhuri.” Algu did not want to be mixed up in this affair. He wanted to get out and exclaimed: “Aunty, you know Jumman and I are close friends.” The aunt replied gravely: “Son, nobody can sell his conscience for friendship. God lives in the heart of the panch. Whatever the panch says is spoken by God himself.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଦିନେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାବେଳେ ଏକ ଗଛମୂଳେ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ବସିଲା । ବୃଦ୍ଧା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକଟି ତାଙ୍କର କାହାଣୀ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କଲେ ଏବଂ ଜୁମ୍ମନକୁ କହିଲେ, ତୁମେ କିଏ ପଞ୍ଚ ବା ନ୍ୟାୟାଧୀଶ ହେବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଛ ? ଜୁମ୍ଭନ କ୍ରୋଧାନ୍ବିତ ହୋଇ କହିଲା, ‘ଚାଚୀ, ମୋତେ ଏବେ କିଛି କହିବାକୁ ଦିଅ ନାହିଁ । ଏହା ତୁମର ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ । ତୁମେ ଯାହାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଛି ବାଛି । ସେ କହିଲେ, ‘ପୁଅ, ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଭୟ କର । ପଞ୍ଚ କାହାର ବନ୍ଧୁ ବା ଶତ୍ରୁ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି । ତୁମେ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀଙ୍କୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବ କି ? ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ରୂପେ ବାଛୁଛି ।’’ ଜୁମ୍ମନ ଖୁବ୍ ଉତ୍‌ଫୁଲ୍ଲିତ ହୋଇଗଲା,

କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ନିଜର ଅନୁଭବକୁ ଲୁଚାଇ ରଖି କହିଲା, ‘‘ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ବିଚାରପତି ହୁଅନ୍ତୁ ।’’ ଅଲଗୁ ଏ ଘଟଣାରେ ଜଡ଼ିତ ହେବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲା । ସେ ଏଥୁରୁ ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲା ଏବଂ କହିଲା, ‘‘ଚାଚୀ, ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ବନ୍ଧୁ ବୋଲି ତୁମେ ଜାଣିଛ ।’’ ଚାଚୀ ଗମ୍ଭୀର ହୋଇ କହିଲେ : ‘‘ପୁଅ, ନିଜର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ବ ପାଇଁ କେହି ବିବେକକୁ ବିକ୍ରି କରିଦେଇ ପାରିବ ନାହିଁ । ପଞ୍ଚର ହୃଦୟରେ ଭଗବାନ୍ ନିବାସ କରନ୍ତି । ପଞ୍ଚ ଯାହା କହନ୍ତି ତାହା ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ନିଜର କଥା ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
state – say
enemy – ଶତ୍ରୁ
accept – ଗ୍ରହଣ କର
overjoyed – felt exceedingly happy
affair – matter
gravely – ଗୁରୁତର
repiied – answered
conscience – ବିବେକ

Para: Algu said: “Sheikh Jumman, you and I are old friends. But at this moment, you and your old aunt are exactly the same as me. You may state your case before the panchayat.” Jumman was now confident that he had won. He imagined that Algu’s talk was a mere show, Therefore, with his heart at peace, he stated his case.

Algu Chaudhuri started asking questions that Jumman found hard to answer. Finally, Algu gave his judgement. “Jumman Sheikh! The elders have considered this matter. They think it proves that the aunt should have a monthly allowance. This is our decision. If you do not agree to pay the monthly expenses, then the property should be returned to her.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଅଲଗୁ କହିଲେ : ‘ଶେଖ୍ ଜୁମ୍ମାନ, ତୁମେ ଏବଂ ମୁଁ ପୁରୁଣା ବନ୍ଧୁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ତୁମେ ଏବଂ ବୃଦ୍ଧା ଚାଚୀ ମୋ ପାଇଁ ପୂରାପୂରି ସମାନ । ତୁମେ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ଆଗରେ ତୁମର ପକ୍ଷ ରଖିପାର ।’’ ଏବେ ଜୁମନ ନିଶ୍ଚିତଭାବେ ଜିତିଯିବ ବୋଲି ଭରସା ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିସାରିଥିଲା । ଅଲଗୁର କଥା ଗୋଟାଏ ଅଭିନୟ ବୋଲି ସେ କଳ୍ପନା କଲା । ତେଣୁ ନିଶ୍ଚିନ୍ତ ହୃଦୟରେ ସେ ନିଜ କଥା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଗଲା । ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ଅନେକଗୁଡ଼ିଏ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ ଯାହାର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା କୁମ୍ମନଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷେ କଷ୍ଟକର ଥିଲା ।

ଶେଷରେ ଅଲଗୁ ନିଜର ରାୟ ଶୁଣାଇଲେ ‘ଜୁମନ ଶେଖ୍ ! ବୟସ୍କ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଘଟଣାଟିର ବିଚାର କରିସାରିଛନ୍ତି । ଚାଚୀ ଠିକ୍‌ଭାବେ ମାସିକ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ପାଇବା ଉଚିତ ବୋଲି ସେମାନେ ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି । ଏହାର ଆମର ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି । ଯଦି ତୁମେ ମାସିକ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଦେବାକୁ ରାଜି ନୁହଁ, ତେବେ ସମ୍ପଭି ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଫେରିଯିବା ଉଚିତ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
confident – strong belief
consider – think
monthly allowance – ମାସିକ ଭତ୍ତା
expenses – ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Who was selected as the main judge? Why?
(କିଏ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରକ ଭାବେ ବଛା ହେଲେ ଏବଂ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Algu Chaudhuri was selected as the primary judge in the Jumman-old aunt case. He was selected as the main judge by his aunt as she thought him to be acceptable to Jumman as one of his old friends. But aunt was dead sure that nobody would sell his conscience for friendship. The old aunt had a belief that the voice of the panch is the voice of God himself.

Question 2.
Algu was not ready to join the Panch. Why did he change his mind?
(ପଞ୍ଚରେ ଯୋଗ ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ଅଲଗୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ନ ଥିଲା । ସେ କାହିଁକି ତା’ର ମନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କଲା ?)
Answer:
Algu was not ready to join the Panch because he did not want to be mixed up in the
matter and go against his old Mend Jumman. But he changed his mind when he realised that the old lady had great faith in him and on his conscience as a Panch. The old lady also compared Panch’s judgement with the voice of God. That made him agree to join the Panch.

Question 3.
What was the judgement? Did you expect this judgement?
(ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ? ଏହିଭଳି ନିଷ୍ପଭି ତୁମେ ଆଶା କରିଥିଲ କି ?)
Answer:
The judgement was in favour of the old aunt. Jumman was ordered to pay the monthly expenses of their aunt. Otherwise, the property he was given by her would be returned to his aunt. Yes, we expect this judgement because, in the eyes of Panch, nobody is a friend or a foe. A Pancha is compared with God as he always pronounces the right judgement.

TEXT – III

Para: Jumman had never expected such a judgement from a friend like Algu. It broke up the friendship between Jumman and Algu. Now they were never to be seen talking together. Jumman began to think of taking revenge. A year before, Algu had bought a very beautiful pair of bullocks from the fair at Bates.

As ill luck would have it, one of these bullocks happened to die only a month after Jumman’s panchayat. Jumman exclaimed among friends, “This is punishment for his deception. God sees all the good and evil. “Alga suspected that Jumman had poisoned his bullock. His wife said, “Jumman is behind this.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୁମ୍ମନ କେବେ ବି ଅଲଗୁ ଭଳି ଜଣେ ବନ୍ଧୁଠାରୁ ଏଭଳି ବିଚାର ଆଶା କରି ନ ଥିଲା । ଏହା ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ଓ ଅଲଗୁଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵକୁ ଛିନ୍ନ କରିଦେଲା । ଏବେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏକାଠି କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେବାର କେହି ଦେଖୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ପ୍ରତିଶୋଧ ନେବାକୁ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା ।

ବର୍ଷକ ତଳେ ଅଲଗୁ ବଟେଶ୍ଵର ହାଟରୁ ହଳେ ସୁନ୍ଦରିଆ ବଳଦ କିଣିଥିଲା । ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଜୁମ୍ମନର ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ବସିବାର ମାସକ ପରେ ସେଥୁରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ବଳଦ ମରିଗଲା ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ନିଜ ବନ୍ଧୁମାନଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ କହି ବୁଲିଲା, ‘ଏହା ତା’ର ପ୍ରତାରଣାଜନିତ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଅଟେ । ଭଗବାନ୍ ସବୁ ଭଲ ଓ ମନ୍ଦକୁ ଦେଖିପାରନ୍ତି ।’’ ଜୁମ୍ମନ ତା’ ବଳଦକୁ ବିଷ ଦେଇଛି ବୋଲି ଅଲଗୁ ସନ୍ଦେହ କରୁଥିଲା । ତା’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କହିଲା, ‘‘ଏହା ପଛରେ ଜୁମ୍ମାନ ଅଛି ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
expected – hoped
broke up – ended
revenge – desire to someone injury
ill-luck – bad luck
punishment – ଦଣ୍ଡ
deception – the act of deceiving
suspected – doubted

Para: A single bullock was of no use to Algu. So he decided to sell it off. There was a certain person named Samjhoo Sahu in the village who used to drive an ekka to the town. He would carry ghee and sugar to the town market and return from there with a lot of salt and oil, which he then sold in the village. He thought if he had this bullock, he could make three trips a day easily. He bought the bullock and promised to pay off the price in a month’s time.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଗୋଟିଏ ବଳଦ ଅଲଗୁର କୌଣସି ଦରକାରରେ ଲାଗୁ ନ ଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଏହାକୁ ବିକ୍ରି କରିଦେବାକୁ ସ୍ଥିର କଲା । ଗାଁରେ ସମ୍‌ଝୁ ସାହୁ ନାମକ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଥିଲା ଯିଏକି ସହରକୁ ବଳଦଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଉଥଲା । ସେ ସହରକୁ ଘିଅ ଓ ଚିନି ନେଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେଠାରୁ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣରେ ଲୁଣ ଓ ତେଲ ଧରି ଫେରୁଥୁଲା, ଯାହାକୁ ସେ ଗାଁରେ ବିକ୍ରି କରୁଥିଲା । ସେ ଭାବିଲା ଯେ ଯଦି ଏହି ବଳଦଟିକୁ କିଣିବ ତେବେ ଆରାମରେ ତିନି ଥର ଯିବାଆସିବା କରିପାରିବ । ସେ ବଳଦଟିକୁ କିଣିନେଲା ଏବଂ ମାସକ ଭିତରେ ଦାମ୍ ଦେଇ ଦେବାକୁ ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
single bullock — ଗୋଟିଏ ବଳଦ
sell off — ବିକ୍ରି କରିଦେବା
ekka – ବଳଦଗାଡ଼ି ( ଯେଉଁଥରେ ଜିନିଷ ନେବା ଆଣିବା କରାଯାଏ)
pay off – ପରିଶୋଧ କରିବା

Para: Samjhoo Sahu began to overwork this bullock. He began making three to four trips per day. He worried neither about giving it fodder nor water. He worried only about his trips. Within a month the bullock became a mere bag to skin and bones. Once evening Sahuji put a double load on it during the fourth trip. The animal was dead tired from the day’s work. It could not get going. Shuji whipped it with the greatest cruelty. The bullock made a last effort, but fell down on the ground, never to rise again.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସମ୍‌ଝୁ ସାହୁ ସେହି ବଳଦଟିକୁ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଖଟାଇଲା । ସେ ଦିନକୁ ତିନିରୁ ଚାରି ଥର ସହରକୁ ଯିବାଆସିବା କଲା । ସେ ବଳଦଟିକୁ ଖାଇବାକୁ ପିଇବାକୁ ଦେବା କଥା ଚିନ୍ତା କରୁନଥିଲା । ସେ କେବଳ କେତେ ଥର ଯିବାଆସିବା କରିବ କେବଳ ସେହି କଥା ଭାବୁଥିଲା । ମାସକ ଭିତରେ ବଳଦଟି ଚର୍ମ କଙ୍କାଳସାର ହୋଇଗଲା ।
ଥରେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାବେଳେ ସାହୁଜୀ ଚତୁର୍ଥ ଥର ଯିବାବେଳେ ଦୁଇଗୁଣ ବୋଝ ଲଦି ଦେଲେ । ଦିନକର ପରିଶ୍ରମ ଯୋଗୁଁ ବଳଦଟି ଖୁବ୍ କ୍ଲାନ୍ତ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା । ସେ ଆଉ ଚାଲିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ । ସାହୁଜୀ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦୟ ଭାବେ ତାକୁ ପିଟିଲେ । ବଳଦଟି ଶେଷ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲା, ମାତ୍ର ସେ ଭୂମି ଉପରେ ପଡ଼ିଗଲା, ଆଉ ଉଠିପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
overwork – cause to work too hard (ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ଵ ଖଟାଇବା )
fodder – food for cattle
worried – ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହେଉଥ୍ଲେଲେ
whipped – ଚାବୁକର ପ୍ରହାର କରିଥିଲେ
effort – ବେଷ୍ଟ।

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
What happened to the relationship between Jumman and Algu after judgement?
(ବିଚାର ରାୟ ପରେ ଜୁଗନ ଓ ଅଲଗୁର ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କ’ଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
Algu’s judgement was in favour of the old aunt. After the judgement, the friendship between Jumman and Algu was broken up. They were never seen talking together. Even Jumman began to think of taking revenge on Algu.

Question 2.
One of Algu’s bullocks died. What did Jumman say? What did Algu think?
(ଅଲଗୁର ଗୋଟିଏ ବଳଦ ମରିଗଲା । ଜୁମ୍ଭନ କ’ଣ କହିଲା ? ଅଲଗୁ କ’ଣ ଭାବିଲା ?)
Answer:
One of Algu’s bullocks died. Hearing this news Jumman said that it was the punishment for his deception to a friend because God sees all the good and evil. Algu suspected that Jumman had poisoned his bullock.

Question 3.
A new character is introduced in this section. Who is he?
(ଏହି ଭାଗରେ ଏକ ନୂଆ ଚରିତ୍ରର ପ୍ରବେଶ ଘଟିଛି । ସେ କିଏ ?)
Answer:
The new character introduced in this section is Sanmjhoo, a businessman of the village. He used to drive an ekka to the town with ghee and sugar and returned with salt and oil to sell in the village.

Question 4.
Why did he want to buy the single bullock of Algu? Did he pay Algu for the bullock? What did he promise?
(ଅଲଗୁର ଗୋଟିକିଆ ବଳଦଟିକୁ କିଣିବା ପାଇଁ ସେ କାହିଁକି ଚାହିଁଲେ ? ବଳଦ ପାଇଁ ସେ ଟଙ୍କା ଦେଲେ କି ? ସେ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କରିଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
He wanted to buy the single bullock of Algu because he thought of making three to four trips by this bullock easily. No, he did not pay Algu for the bullock. He promised to pay off the bullock’s price within a month’s time.

Question 5.
How did Sahuji treat the bullock? What happened to it?
(ସାହୁଜୀ ବଳଦଟିକୁ କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ ? ତାର କଣ ଘଟିଲା ?)
Answer:
Shuji who was a cruel person treated the bullock mercilessly. He used to make three to four trips per day. He was not worried to give it fodder or water. He worried only about trips. One day he put a double load. The bullock was not able to walk as it was too tired. But Shuji whipped it with much cruelty. The bullock made the last attempt, but it fell down on the ground and died one evening.

TEXT – IV

Para: When Algu asked for the price of his bullock, both husband and wife said angrily, “This is amazing! He gave us a dying bullock and now wants the price for it.” Algu had many enemies. They too gathered and helped Shuji. Algu was helpless. But how could he lose a hundred and fifty rupees? He lost his temper. The good people of the village gathered around and advised them to take the matter to the panchayat.
Both Algu and Sahuji agreed to this. Three days after this, the panchayat again met under the same tree. “Who should be the panch? ” Someone asked Algu. Alga replied: “Let Sahu have his own choice.” Samjhoo stood up and thundered: “Jumman Sheikh on my behalf.”

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଯେତେବେଳେ ଅଲଗୁ ବଳଦର ଦାମ୍ ମାଗିଲା, ଉଭୟ ସ୍ୱାମୀ-ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ରାଗିଯାଇ କହିଲେ, ‘‘କି ଅଦ୍ଭୁତ କଥା ! ତୁମେ ଆମକୁ ଏକ ମଲା ବଳଦ ଦେଇଛ ଏବଂ ତା’ର ଦାମ୍ ମାଗୁଛ ।’’ ଅଲଗୁଙ୍କର ଅନେକ ଶତ୍ରୁ ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଏକାଠି ହୋଇ ସାହୁଜୀଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଅଲଗୁ ବେସାହାରା ଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ କିପରି ୧୫୦ ଟଙ୍କା ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବ ? ସେ କ୍ରୋଧାନ୍ଵିତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଗାଁର ଭଲ ଲୋକମାନେ ତା’ ପାଖକୁ ଆସି ବିଷୟଟିକୁ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତରେ ପକାଇବାକୁ କହିଲେ । ଉଭୟ ଅଲଗୁ ଓ ସାହୁଜୀ ଏଥିରେ ରାଜି ହେଲେ । ତିନିଦିନ ପରେ ପୁଣି ସେହି ଗଛମୂଳେ ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ବସିଲା । ‘‘କିଏ ପଞ୍ଚ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ?’’ ଜଣେ ଅଲଗୁକୁ ପଚାରିଲା । ଅଲଗୁ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲା, ‘ସାହୁ ନିଜ ପସନ୍ଦର କାହାକୁ ବାଛନ୍ତୁ ।’’ ସମ୍‌ ଠିଆ ହୋଇ ବଡ଼ ପାଟିରେ କହିଲା, ‘ମୋ ତରଫରୁ ଜୁମ୍ମନ ଶେଖ୍ ବିଚାରପତି ହୁଅନ୍ତୁ ।’’

Word Meaning / Glossary:
amazing – surprising
helpless – ଅସହାୟ
gathered – ଏକତ୍ରିତ ହେଲା |
choice – ପସନ୍ଦ
thundered – spoke loudly

Para: Jumman was at first surprised and then began to think to himself, “I am now a judge. Whatever I say now will be the voice of God. I should stick to the truth and nothing but the truth.”The elders put many questions to both parties. At last, Jumman gave the decision: “Algu Chaudhuri and Samjhoo Sahu! The elders have considered your case carefully. Samjhoo ought to pay the full price of the bullock. The bullock died only because it was driven too hard and no proper arrangement was made to feed it.

” Alga Chaudhuri was happy. He got up and gave a loud cheer, “Long live the God that is the panch !” After a short while, Jumman approached Algu and embraced him. He said, “Brother! After you gave your decision, I had become your mortal enemy. But today I feel sure that God Himself speaks through the panch.” Algu broke down. The tears washed away all the dust in their eyes.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୁମ୍ମନ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ ନିଜେ ନିଜେ ଭାବିଲେ, ‘ମୁଁ ଏବେ ବିଚାରପତି । ମୁଁ ଏବେ ଯାହା କହିବି ତାହା ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ବାଣୀ । ମୁଁ ସତ୍ୟ ଛଡ଼ା ଆଉ କାହାର ପକ୍ଷ ନେବି ନାହିଁ ।’’ ଉଭୟ ପକ୍ଷଙ୍କୁ ବୟସ୍କ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଅନେକ କଥା ପଚାରିଲେ । ଶେଷରେ ଜୁମ୍ମନ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଶୁଣାଇଲେ : ‘ ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ଓ ସମ୍‌ଝୁ ସାହୁ ! ବୟସ୍କ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟଟିକୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ବିଚାର କଲେ । ସମ୍‌ ପକ୍ଷରେ ବଳଦଟର ପୂରା ଦାମ୍ ଦେଇ ଦେବା ଉଚିତ । ବଳଦଟି ମରିବାର କାରଣ ଏହି ଯେ ତାକୁ ଅଧିକ କାମରେ ଲଗାଯାଉଥିଲା ଅଲଗୁ ଚୌଧୁରୀ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲା ।

ସେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇପଡ଼ି ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ବରରେ କହିଲା, ‘ପଞ୍ଚ ଭଗବାନ୍ ଦୀର୍ଘାୟୁ ହୁଅନ୍ତୁ ।’’ କିଛି କ୍ଷଣ ପରେ ଜୁମ୍ଭନ ଅଲଗୁ ନିକଟରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ତାକୁ କୁଣ୍ଢାଇ ପକାଇଲା । ସେ କହିଲା, ‘‘ଭାଇ ! ତୁମ ତୁମର ନିଷ୍ପଭି ଶୁଣାଇଲା ପରେ ମୁଁ ତୁମର ଘୋର ଶତ୍ରୁ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥିଲି । କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଜି ମୁଁ ଦୃଢ଼ଭାବେ ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଛି ଯେ ଅଲଗୁ କାନ୍ଦି ପକାଇଲା । ଲୁହ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଚକ୍ଷୁର ସମସ୍ତ ମଇଳାକୁ ଧୋଇ ନେଇଗଲା ।

Word Meaning / Glossary:
elders – ବୟସ୍କ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ
mortal – which must die
considered – ବିବେଚନା କରାଯାଏ |
arrangement – ବନ୍ଦୋବସ୍ତ
cheer – ହର୍ଷ ଧ୍ବନି
embarced – କୁଣ୍ଢାଇ ପକାଇଲେ
broke down – collapsed

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
Shuji had not paid Algu for the bullock. When Algu asked for the money, did Sahuji pay him? Why? / Why not?
(ସାହୁଜୀ ବଳଦ ପାଇଁ ଟଙ୍କା ଦେଇ ନ ଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଅଲଗ୍ନ ଟଙ୍କା ମାଗିଲେ, ସାହୁଜୀ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦେଲେ କି ? କାହିଁକି ? କାହିଁକି ନୁହେଁ ?)
Answer:
Shuji had not paid for the bullock. When Algu asked for the money, Sahuji did not pay him the money. Both he and his wife told angrily that Algu had sold them a dying bullock. So they refused to pay any price for such a bullock.

Question 2.
A ‘Panch’ was called again. Who was the judge this time?
(ଆଉଥରେ ପଞ୍ଚ ଡକାଗଲା । ଏହିଥର କିଏ ବିଚାରକ ଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
A Panch was called again. This time Jumman Sheikh was the judge.

Question 3.
What was the decision of the ‘panch’?
(ପଞ୍ଚଙ୍କର ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The decision of the panch was that Sahuji should pay the full price of the bullock. The bullock had died only for his negligence and harsh treatment. He used to overwork the bullock without giving it fodder or water.

Question 4.
Everyone hearing the judgement said, “This is a work of God.” Why?
(ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଶୁଣି ସମସ୍ତେ କହିଲେ ‘‘ଏ ହେଉଛି ଭଗବାନ୍‌ଙ୍କ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ।’’ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Everyone told the judgement, to be the work of God because no one expected a right judgement from Jumman Seikh that was in favour of Algu Chaudhury. As Jumman became a deadly enemy of Algu, it was sure that judgement would go against Algu Chaudhury. But as the judgement was right from every angle everyone said so.

Question 5.
There were two unexpected judgements in the story. Which one surprised you more? Why?
(ଗଳ୍ପଟିରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଆଶା କରାଯାଉନଥ‌ିବା ରାୟ/ବିଚାର ଥିଲା । ତୁମକୁ କେଉଁଟି ବେଶି ବିସ୍ମିତ କଲା ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Among the two the second judgement surprised us more. Because in the case of the second judgement there began a die-hard enmity between Algu Chaudhury and Jumman Seikh, the two intimate friends. As the case was, Jumman became the chief judge of the Panchayat where Algu was a party. So, it was sure that judgement would go against Algu. But to everyone’s surprise, Jumman pronounced a judgement in favour of Algu, which was cent per cent right. As a Panch, Jumman saw no difference between friend and foe, but only the truth behind the case.

Question 6.
Which character did you like the best in the story? Why?
(ତୁମେ ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ କେଉଁ ଚରିତ୍ରଟିକୁ ବେଶି ଭଲ ପାଉଛ ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The character we like the best in the story is Algu Chaudhury. Because he was such a character who was pious to the core. He was truthful from the beginning and he did not do any harm to anybody. As a Pancha, he pronounced a right judgement in favour of his aunt though he was an intimate friend of Jumman Seikh. He did not sell his conscience for the sake of friendship.

D. WRITING

Answer the following questions in fifty words.
(ପଚାଶଟି ଶବ୍ଦରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ ।)

Question 1.
Why did Jumman’s aunt want a ‘panch’?
(ଜୁମ୍ମନଙ୍କ ଚାଚୀ କାହିଁକି ଏକ ପଞ୍ଚ ଚାହିଁଥିଲେ ?)
Answer:
‘Jumman’ had an old aunt who had a small piece of property. As long as the property belonged to her, she was treated with much kindness and respect. But due to Jumman’s pursuance when she transferred his property to his name, both Jumman and his wife began to treat her rudely and harshly. She bore it for some days. But when she could not bear it anymore she asked Jumman to give her an allowance, by which she could cook for her separately. Jumman did not pay any heed to it and she threatened to take the matter to a panchayat. Jumman agreed to it. So Jumman’s aunt wanted a panch.

Question 2.
How did Jumman’s aunt win the case?
(ଜୁମ୍ମନର ଚାଚୀ କିପରି କେଶରେ ଜିତିଲେ ?)
Answer:
One evening a panchayat met under a tree to settle the quarrel between Jumman Seikh and his aunt. Aunt chose Algu Chaudhury as the chief justice as he was acceptable to Jumman. Jumman was overjoyed as Algu was his intimate friend and the judgement would certainly go in his favour. But the old lady had deep faith in Pancha and believed the judgement of panch as the voice of God, whoever the panch may be. After becoming the panch Algu also felt something different and could feel no difference between his friends and his aunt. At last, he pronounced a right judgement which was in favour of Jumman’s aunt. This was how she won the case.

Question 3.
How did Sahuji’s bullock die?
(ସାହୁଜୀଙ୍କର ବଳଦ କିପରି ମରିଗଲା ?)
Answer:
After buying a bullock Sahuji was worried only about the trip not about giving fodder or water to the bullock. Using this bullock he began making three to four trips per day easily. So within a month, the bullock’s health broke down. One evening Sahuji put a double load during the fourth trip that the bullock could not able drove the ekka. So cruel Sahuji whipped it mercilessly. The bullock made a last effort, but fell on the ground and died. So due to the negligence of Sahuji, the bullock died.

Question 4.
Why was the second panch called?
(ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ପଞ୍ଚ କାହିଁକି ଡକାଗଲା ?)
Answer:
The bullock sold to Sahuji died from starvation, overwork and physical violence. Shuji had not paid the price at the time of selling but promised to pay earlier. When Algu asked Sahuji for the price of the bullock, both Sahuji and his wife denied arguing that Algu had given them a dying bullock. At that time Algu felt helpless as he had many foes and they helped Shuji. But he did not want to lose a hundred and fifty rupees. The good people of the village advised him to take the matter to the panchayat and Sahuji consented to it. So the second panch was called.

Question 5.
People who heard the judgement said that it was the work of God. Why?
(ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନେ ଏହି ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଶୁଣିଲେ, ସେମାନେ କହିଲେ ଏହା ହେଉଛି ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ । କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
A panchayat was called for the second time to settle the dispute between Sahuji and Aigu. Shuji had denied paying the price for the bullock which he had bought from Aigu promising to pay within a month. In the panchayat, Sahiji chose Jumman as panch a die-hard enemy of Aigu thinking the judgement would go in his favour. In the first panchayat, Aigu gave a decision against Jumman, so it was natural that Jumman would give a decision against Aigu. But Jumman issued the decision that Sahuji had to pay the money to Aigu. The bullock died only because it was driven too hard and no proper arrangement was made to feed it. After hearing such a surprising and unbelievable righteous judgement people said that it was the work of God.

E. ACTIVITY

The following is the summary of the story. But it is jumbled. Put the sentences in order to get the summary. Pay special attention to the underlined words. These
are the clues to help you to arrange the summary. The first and the last sentence are in order.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖଟି ଗଛଟିର ସାରାଂଶ ଅଟେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଅସଜଡ଼ା ଅଛି । ସାରାଂଶ ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଠିକ୍ କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଅ । ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ବିଶେଷ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅ । ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସାରାଂଶକୁ ସଜାଡ଼ିବା ପାଇଁ ସୂଚନାରୂପେ ତୁମକୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ । ପ୍ରଥମ ଧାଡ଼ି ଓ ଶେଷ ଧାଡ଼ି କ୍ରମ ଅନୁସରେ ଅଛି ।)

1. Jumman Sheikh treated his old aunt badly after she gave her property to him.
2. Algu’sjudgement was in favour of the old woman.
3. Sahuji treated the bullock badly and it died.
4. H decided in favour of Aigu.
5. Jumman was very angry and decided to take revenge on Aigu.
6. Now that the bullock was dead, h refused to pay the money to Aigu.
7. A panch was called where Jumman was the chief judge.
8. Soon after the judgement, one of Algu’s bullocks died and he sold the other to Samjhoo Sahu.
9. So his aunt called for a panch and finally, Aigu Chaudhuri became the chief judge.
10. All the people praised the panch.
Answer:
1. Jumman Sheikh treated his old aunt badly after she gave her property to him.
9. So his aunt called for a panch and finally, Aigu Chaudhuri became the chief judge.
2. Algu’s judgement was in favour of the old woman.
5. Jumman was very angry and decided to take revenge on Aigu.
8. Soon after the judgement., one of Algu’s bullocks died and he sold the other to Samjhoo Sahu.
3. Sahuji treated the bullock badly and it died.
6. Now that the bullock was dead, he refused to pay the money to Aigu.
7. A panch was called where Jumman was the chief judge.
4. He decided in favour of Aigu.
10. All the people praised the panch.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Chapter 3 The Village Judge Important Questions and Answers

Very Short A Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Who had an old aunt?
Answer:
Jumman

Question 2.
What did the old aunt have?
Answer:
a small piece of property

Question 3.
How had she been treated before the transfer of the property to Jumman’s name?
Answer:
with kindness and respect

Question 4.
Who was Jumman’s wife?
Answer:
Kariman

Question 5.
What did the old aunt bear for some time?
Answer:
Jumman’s ill-treatment towards her

Question 6.
“Money doesn’t grow on trees here.” Who said this?
Answer:
Jumman

Question 7.
What did old aunt threaten to call?
Answer:
a panchayat

Question 8.
What did the old aunt carry with her when she ran from village to village?
Answer:
a stick

Question 9.
Whom did she come at last?
Answer:
Algu Choudhuri

Question 10.
What continued to echo in Algu’s heart?
Answer:
the old aunt’s words

Question 11.
Where did the old aunt’s panchayat meet?
Answer:
under a tree

Question 12.
When did the panchayat meet?
Answer:
one evening

Question 13.
Who was the chief judge of the old aunt’s panchayat?
Answer:
Algu Choudhuri

Question 14.
How did Jumman feel when Algu became the chief judge?
Answer:
overjoyed

Question 15.
What, according to the old aunt, can nobody sell for friendship?
Answer:
his conscience

Question 16.
Where, according to the old aunt, does God live?
Answer:
in the heart of the panch

Question 17.
What did Jumman imagine about Algu’s talk?
Answer:
mere show

Question 18.
Who found Algu’s question hard to answer?
Answer:
Jumman

Question 19.
What broke Jumman and Algu’s friendship?
Answer:
the judgement of the panchayat

Question 20.
What did Jumman think after judgement?
Answer:
to take revenge

Question 21.
From where had Algu bought a pair of bullocks?
Answer:
the fair at Bates

Question 22.
“This is punishment for his deception.” Who said this?
Answer:
Jumman

Question 23.
Who was Samjhoo Sahu?
Answer:
a merchant

Question 24.
What did Samjhoo Sahu have?
Answer:
an ekka

Question 25.
What did Samjhoo carry to the town every day?
Answer:
ghee and sugar

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. Jumman Sheikh and Algu Chaudhuri were __________.
Answer:
great friends

2. _________ The old aunt was lucky because she had
Answer:
a small piece of property

3. Jumman had persuaded his aunt to transfer __________ to his name.
Answer:
the property

4. So long as the property was not transferred, the aunt had been treated with __________.
Answer:
great kindness and respect

5. Jumman and Kariman, became __________ to the aunt.
Answer:
harsh and rude

6. Jumman’s aunt demanded some ___________ from Jumman.
Answer:
money

7. Jumman’s aunt demanded some money to separate.
Answer:
cook and eat

8. ‘Money does not grow on trees here.’ ____________ said it.
Answer:
Jumman

9. The aunt threatened to call for a ___________.
Answer:
panchayat

10. The woman ran from __________ with a stick in her hand to gather support for herself.
Answer:
village to village

11. Most of the people didn’t hear the poor woman’s story with ___________.
Answer:
care and attention

12. After making her rounds, the old woman came at last to __________.
Answer:
Algu Chaudhuri

13. “Will you hesitate to say the honest thing? ____________ said to __________ it.
Answer:
The old aunt, Algu

14. The first __________ panchayat met one evening.
Answer:
under a tree

15. __________ was the panch in Jumman-old aunt’s case.
Answer:
Algu Chaudhuri

16. “The panch is nobody’s friend and enemy.” ___________ said it.
Answer:
the old aunt

17. ___________ named Algu as chief judge an the first panchayat.
Answer:
The old aunt

18. Algu didn’t want to be mixed up in the affair of the old aunt and Jumman because Jumman and he are ___________.
Answer:
close friends

19. According to the knowledge of the old Aunt nobody can sell his ____________ for friendship.
Answer:
conscience

20. ‘God lives in the heart of the panch”. The given expression is told by __________.
Answer:
the old aunt

21. Whatever the panch says is spoken by ____________.
Answer:
God himself

22. After hearing Algu’s statement in the panchayat, Jumman imagined that Algu’s talk was a __________.
Answer:
mere show

23. __________ had considered the matter of Jumman and the old aunt in the first panchayat.
Answer:
the elders

24. ‘The Village Judge’ is a story about _________ friendship.
Answer:
Hindu-Muslim

25. The decision of the first panchayat was __________.
Answer:
the aunt should have a monthly allowance

26. ___________ broke up the friendship between Juman and Algu.
Answer:
The decision of Algu

27. After Algu’s decision, Jumman began to think of taking __________.
Answer:
revenge

28. Algu had bought a very beautiful pair of bullocks from the __________.
Answer:
fair at Bates

29. One of the bullocks happened to die only ____________ after Jumman’s panchayat.
Answer:
a month

30. “This is punishment for his deception”. The above expression is told by __________.
Answer:
Jumman

31. “God sees all the good and evil”. ____________ exclaimed it.
Answer:
Jumman

32. “Juman is behind this.” The given expression is told by __________.
Answer:
Algu’s wife

33. Samjhoo Sahu used to drive __________ to the town.
Answer:
an ekka

34. Samjhoo carried __________ to the town market.
Answer:
ghee and sugar

35. Samjhoo sold _________ in the village.
Answer:
salt and oil

36. Samjhoo promised Algu to pay off the price of the bullock in _________ time.
Answer:
a month’s

37. Samjhoo began making _________ trips per day.
Answer:
three to four

38. Within a month the bullock became ____________.
Answer:
a mere bag of skin and bones

39. Samjhoo put a double load during the __________ trip.
Answer:
fourth

40. The animal was dead tried by ___________.
Answer:
days’ work

Multiple Choice Questions With Answers

Question 1.
Jumman and Algu were?
(A) close friends
(B) related to each other
(C) two brothers
(D) two students
Answer:
(A) close friends

Question 2.
Jumman persuaded to transfer the property in his name?
(A) his mother
(B) his father
(C) the old aunt
(D) his brother
Answer:
(B) his father

Question 3.
Kariman became very harsh and to the old aunt after the property had been transferred to Jumman’s name?
(A) polite
(B) kind
(C) merciful
(D) rude
Answer:
(D) rude

Question 4.
‘I’ll cook and eat separately’, said?
(A) Jumman
(B) Algu
(C) Kariman
(D) the old aunt
Answer:
(D) the old aunt

Question 5.
Money doesn’t grow on trees’ said?
(A) the old aunt
(B) Kariman
(C) Jumman
(D) Algu
Answer:
(C) Jumman

Question 6.
The old aunt told Jumman to give her some?
(A) food
(B) snacks
(C) money
(D) clothes
Answer:
(C) money

Question 7.
The old aunt threatened Juminan to call?
(A) a panchayat
(B) the police
(C) the headman of the village
(D) his friend
Answer:
(A) a panchayat

Question 8.
I hate these daily quarrels myself ‘ said?
(A) the old aunt
(B) Jumman
(C) Aigu
(D) Kariman
Answer:
(B) Jumman

Question 9.
The old aunt ran from village to village with a _______ in her hand?
(A) bag
(B) purse
(C) spade
(D) stick
Answer:
(D) stick

Question 10.
Most people in the village didn’t hear the story of _____________?
(A) the poor man
(B) the poor woman
(C) the judge
(D) Jumman
Answer:
(B) the poor woman

Question 11.
Son, you should come to my Panchayat’ said ________________?
(A) the mother
(B) the father
(C) the punch
(D) the old aunt
Answer:
(D) the old aunt

Question 12.
I can come to the meeting. but I didn’t open my ________ there’ said Aigu?
(A) handbag
(B) eyes
(C) mouth
(D) clothes
Answer:
(C) mouth

Question 13.
Will you hesitate to say that because you fear a quarrel? said the old aunt?
(A) vicious thing
(B) honest thing
(C) dishonest thing
(D) immoral things
Answer:
(B) honest thing

Question 14.
The Panch is nobody or an enemy?
(A) friend
(B) advisor
(C) driver
(D) labourer
Answer:
(A) friend

Question 15.
Do you accept Aigu Choudhuri as ___________ ?‘ said the old aunt?
(A) Chief Minister
(B) Chief Guest
(C) Chief Executive
(D) Chief Judge
Answer:
(D) Chief Judge

Question 16.
The panchayat met under a tree one?
(A) morning
(B) afternoon
(C) midday
(D) evening
Answer:
(D) evening

Question 17.
Nobody can sell his ____________ for friendship’ said old aunt?
(A) personality
(B) property
(C) conscience
(D) friendship
Answer:
(C) conscience

Question 18.
It ¡s said that God lives in the __________ of the judge?
(A) head
(B) heart
(C) tongue
(D) stomach
Answer:
(B) heart

Question 19.
Who was confident that he would win the case in the first meeting?
(A) the old aunt
(B) Jumman
(C) Aigu
(D) the judge
Answer:
(B) Jumman

Question 20.
The judge declared that the aunt should have?
(A) a weekly allowance
(B) a monthly allowance
(C) an annual allowance
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) a monthly allowance

Question 21.
Unless Jumman paid the allowance to the old aunt?
(A) the property should be returned to the old aunt
(B) the property should be returned to Jumman
(C) the property should be returned to the panchayat
(D) the property should be returned to people.
Answer:
(A) the property should be returned to the old aunt

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Non-Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 3 The Solitary Reaper

November 9, 2023November 8, 2023 by Prasanna

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 3 The Solitary Reaper Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 3 The Solitary Reaper

BSE Odisha 10th Class English The Solitary Reaper Text Book Questions and Answers

G. Let’s Understand The Poem:

Answer the following questions orally. You may refer to the text with your word knowledge to locate the facts/information required.
ଭାବେ ଦିଅ । ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ତଥ୍ୟ ଚିହ୍ନଟ ବା ନିରୂପଣ ନିମନ୍ତେ ତୁମେ ତୁମ ଶବ୍ଦଜ୍ଞାନ ସହିତ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟର ମଧ୍ୟ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ନେଇପାର ।)

Question 1.
What is the central idea ((ମୁଖ୍ୟଶ ବା ସାରକଥା)of the poem? (Tick the correct answer.)
(a) Reapers can sing like birds.
(b) Sweet music appeals (ମଧୁର ସଙ୍ଗୀତ) to all.
(c) Beautiful experiences have long-lasting effects.
(d) Rich harvest (ଭଲ ଫସଲ | ଅମଳ) makes the reaper happy.
Answer:
(b) Sweet music appeals to all.

Question 2.
The setting (background — ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି) of the poem is ________
(a) the Arabian deserts
(b) the British Isles
(c) the Hebrides Islands
(d) the mountain regions of Scotland
Answer:
(d) the mountain regions of Scotland

Question 3.
Who are the people described in the poem?
( କବିତାରେ କେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିବିଶେଷଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?)
Answer:
In the poem the people passing by the poet (କବିଙ୍କ ପାଖ ଦେଇ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରୁଥିବା କବି ଡ) are described.

Question 4.
Who does the expression “Highland Lass” refer to? Why does he describe her as “Yon solitary Highland Lass”?
(“Highland Lass” a mizig qo କରୁଛି ? ସେ (କବି) କାହିଁକି ତାକୁ (ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିକୁ) “Yon solitary Highland Lass” ବୋଲି ଅଭିହିତ କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The expression “Highland Lass (maiden — ବାଳିକା)” refers to (implies -ସୂଚିତ କରେ |) the solitary reaper. He (the poet) describes her ((he girl or the reaper) as “Yon solitary Highland Lass” because she is all alone in the mountain regions.

Question 5.
What is the girl doing?
(ଝିଅଟି କ’ଣ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The girl is singing by herself (alone — ଏକାକୀ) while reaping the grain.

Question 6.
Who does the poet say “Stop here or gently pass’? Why does he say so?
(କବି କାହାକୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି “Stop here or gently pass” ? ସେ ଏହା କାହିଁକି କହିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The poet says to the passers-by (ବାଟୋଇ ବା ପଥଚାରୀ) “Stop here or gently pass”. He says so to enjoy the reaper’s sweet song thoroughly.

Question 7.
Pick out the words which tell that the girl does not have anyone by her side.
(କବିତାରୁ ସେହି ଶବ୍ଦସମୂହ ବାଛ ଯାହା ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି ଯେ ଝିଅଟି ପାଖରେ ଆଉ କେହି ନାହାନ୍ତି ।)
Answer:
The words which tell that the girl doesn’t have anyone by her side (near her) are “Yon solitary Highland Lass” and “by herself”.

Question 8.
What is the tone of her song — happy, sad, soothing or sympathetic?
(ଝିଅଟିର ଗୀତର ଭାବ କ’ଣ – ସୁଖ, ଦୁଃଖ, ଆରାମ ବା ସହାନୁଭୂତିମୂଳକ ?)
Answer:
The tone (feeling) of her song is sadness (ବିଷାଦ).

Question 9.
Overflowing with sound – Explain.
(‘Overflowing with sound’ – (ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହେଉଛି | )
Answer:
The expression “Overflowing with sound” means the free-flowing voice of the maiden’s song that spreads all over the valley.

Question 10.
The solitary reaper’s song reminds the poet of other singers. Who are they?
(ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତ କବିଙ୍କୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଗାୟିକାମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ମନେ ପକାଇ ଦେଉଛି । ସେମାନେ କିଏ ?)
Answer:
The solitary reaper’s song reminds (causes to remember – ମନେରଖିବାକୁ କାରଣ କରେ |) the poet of other singers. They are ‘cuckoo’ and ‘nightingale’.

Question 11.
Who sings welcome notes? Where? For whom? What for?
( ଯିଏ ସ୍ୱାଗତ ନୋଟ୍ ଗାଇଥାଏ ? ଗାନ କରିଥାଏ ? କେଉଁଠାରେ ? କାହା ପାଇଁ ? କେଉଁଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ?)
Answer:
The nightingale (ନାଇଟିଙ୍ଗଲେ |) sings welcome notes (songs) in the Arabian deserts for the band of extremely (ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ) tired travellers to give them the thrill of her melodious music (ପଥଶ୍ରାନ୍ତ ବାଟୋଇମାନଙ୍କୁ ମଧୁର ଗୀତର ରୋମାଞ୍ଚ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିବା ନିମନ୍ତେ).

Question 12.
Whose voice is thrilling?
(କାହାର ସ୍ମର ରୋମାଞ୍ଚକର ଅଟେ ?)
Answer:
The cuckoo’s voice is thrilling (very exciting or joyful).

Question 13.
Where does it sing? When?
(ଏହା (କୋଇଲି) କେଉଁଠାରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଏ ? କେତେବେଳେ ? )
Answer:
It (the cuckoo) sings from the farthest (remotest – ସୁଦୂର) )Hebrides in springtime.

Question 14.
Who does Wordsworth compare the farmer girl with? Why?
( କିଏ କରେWordsworth କୃଷକ ଝିଅକୁ କାହା ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The poet Wordsworth compares the farmer girl with the nightingale and the cuckoo. Because the girl or the maiden or the reaper sings melodiously (very sweetly – ବହୁତ ମଧୁର) like the nightingale or the cuckoo.

Question 15.
The peasant girl’s song is not intelligible to the poet because.
Tick the right answer.) (କୃଷକ ଝିଅର ଗୀତ କବିଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ବା ଅବୋଧ ଅଟେ କାରଣ ……) (ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ପାଖରେ ଏ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଅ ।)
• her song is in a dialect he does not understand.
• he is far away from hearing the words of the song.
• her voice is not clear as she is humming the words.
• her voice is too soft for him to get.
Answer:
her song is in a dialect (ତାଙ୍କର ଗୀତ ଏକ ଉପଭାଷାରେ ଅଛି) he does not understand. (✓)

Question 16.
What does the phrase ‘humble lay’ mean?
(‘ନମ୍ର ଲେ’ ବାକ୍ୟର ଅର୍ଥ କ’ଣ?)
Answer:
The phrase ‘humble lay’ means the song of a regular ordinary life story.

Question 17.
The expression ‘plaintive numbers’ refers to sad music. Pick out another phrase in the poem carrying the same meaning.
(‘plaintive numbers’ ଉକ୍ତି ଦୁଃଖ ସଙ୍ଗୀତକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି । ଏହି ଅର୍ଥ ବହନ କରୁଥ‌ିବା ଅନ୍ୟ କବିତାର ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟଶ ବାହାର କର ।)
Answer:
The expression ‘plaintive numbers’ refers to sad music. Another phrase in the poem carrying (implying -ଇଙ୍ଗିତ କରିବା) the same meaning is “a melancholy (sad) strain (song)”.

Question 18.
What does the poet mean to say “As if her song could have no ending”?
(“As if her song could have no ending” ବୋଲି କବି କେଉଁ ଅର୍ଥରେ କହିଛନ୍ତି ? )
Tick the most appropriate answer below.
(ନିମ୍ନରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତର ପାଖରେ I ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଅ ।)
• Her song is too long to end.
• She keeps on singing and seems not to end.
• The poet does not want the song to end.
• The song contains an everlasting universal theme that recycles.
Answer:
The song contains (ଗୀତରର ଅଛି ) an everlasting (ଅନନ୍ତ) universal theme (ସର୍ବଭାରତୀୟ ଥିମ୍ |) which recycles. (✓)

Question 19.
The poet listens ‘motionless and still’ because _______________. (ନିଶ୍ଚଳ ଓ ନୀରବ ହୋଇ କବି ଶୁଣୁଛନ୍ତି କାରଣ ______________)
(Tick the right answer.) (ଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ✓ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦିଅ ।)
• the rich melodious voice of the singer holds him mesmerized and spellbound.
• he was tired after walking uphill.
• he wanted to learn the words and rhythm of the song.
• he is rooted to the spot by the girl’s beauty.
Answer:
the rich melodious voice of the singer holds him mesmerised and spellbound (ବିମୋହିତ ଓ ଅଭିଭୂତ କରି ଦେଇଛି). (✓)

Question 20.
How did the song affect the narrator?
(ଗୀତଟି କିପରି କବିଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା ?)
Answer:
The poet continues to hum (ଗୁଣୁଗୁଣୁ କରି ଗାଉଛନ୍ତି)the melodious song of the reaper even after a long period of time had passed since he first listened to the song.

Question 21.
In stanza 1 and stanza 2, four words and phrases have been used to show that the girl working in the fields is without anyone by her. Pick out these words and phrases.
(ପଡ୍‌-୧ ଓ ପଡ୍‌କ୍ସି-୨ରେ ଚାରୋଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ଓ ବାକ୍ୟାଶ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି ଯାହାକି ଝିଅଟି କ୍ଷେତରେ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥ‌ିବାର ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି । ସେହି ଶବ୍ଦ ବା ବାକ୍ୟଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାହାର କର/ଚୟନ କର ।)
Answer:
Four words or phrases in stanza 1 and stanza 2 have been used to show that the girl working in the fields is without anyone by her. These words or phrases are: ‘Single in the field’, ‘Yon solitary Highland Lass’, ‘Reaping and singing by herself and the word ‘Alone’.

Question 22.
The theme of the solitary reaper’s song contains sadness. What other words are used in place of ‘sad’ ?
(ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତର ସାରମର୍ମ ଦୁଃଖଭିଭିକ । ‘Sad’ ବଦଳରେ ଅନ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି ?)
Answer:
The theme of the ‘solitary reaper’s song contains sadness. The other words used in place of ‘sad’ are ‘melancholy’ (ବିଷାଦଗ୍ରସ୍ତ), ‘plaintive’ (କରୁଣ), ‘sorrow’ and ‘pain’.

Question 23.
What are the two synonyms for the ‘young girl’?
(‘ଯୁବତୀ’ ପାଇଁ ଦୁଇଟି ସମକକ୍ଷ କ’ଣ?)
Answer:
The two synonyms (ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ) for the ‘young girl’ are ‘Lass’ and ‘Maiden’.

Question 24.
Three other words are used to mean ‘song’. What are they?
(‘song’ ବା ଗୀତକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଥ‌ିବା ଅନ୍ୟ ତିନୋଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
The three other words to mean ‘song’ are ‘strain’, ‘numbers’, and ‘lay’.

Question 25.
A melancholy strain’ in stanza 2 means ‘sad song’. Find out another phrase in stanza 5 with a similar meaning.
(ପଡ୍‌-୨ରେ ‘A melancholy strain’ର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ‘ଦୁଃଖ ଗୀତ’ । ପଙ୍‌-୫ରେ ଏହି ଅର୍ଥ ବହନ କରୁଥିବା ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟଶ ବାହାର କର ।)
Answer:
‘A melancholy strain’ in stanza 2 means ‘sad song’. Another phrase in stanza 5 with a similar meaning is ‘plaintive numbers’.

Question 26.
Which word in stanza 5 expresses the poet’s guess?
( ପଙ୍‌କ୍ତି-୫ରେ କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦ କବିଙ୍କର ଅନୁମାନକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁଛି ?)
Answer:
The word ‘perhaps’ (ବୋଧହୁଏ) in stanza 5 expresses the poet’s guess.

F. Let’s Appreciate The Poem:

Question 1.
Describe what picture on the valley and the farm worker come to your mind as you read the poem.
(ତୁମେ କବିତାକୁ ପଢ଼ିବାବେଳେ ଉପତ୍ୟକା ଓ କୃଷିକ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରତ ଶ୍ରମଜୀବୀର କେଉଁ ଛବି ତୁମ ମନକୁ ଆସୁଛି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)
Answer:
As I read the poem. the background of the poem which is set in a mountain valley and a solitary reaper girl working there comes to my mind. The valley spreads across the mountains. The green lush alley (ସବୁଜିମା ଭରା ଗଳିକନ୍ଦି) looks feasting (ଭୋଜିଭାତ) to the eyes of the on lookers (ନିରୀକ୍ଷଣକାରୀ). In the field of the valley, the sight of the solitary (lonely) reaper comes to the notice of the poet. The lonely girl while cutting and binding the grain is found singing a gloomy (ବିଷାଦମୟ ଗୀତ) song. The girl presents the picture of a fresh inspiring (ପ୍ରେରଣାଦାୟୀ) and enjoyable (ଉପଭୋଗ୍ୟ) commodity (ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ) in the widespread solitariness (ଏକାକୀପଣ) of the dull (ନିସ୍ତେଜ) railey.

Question 2.
Why do you think Wordsworth has chosen the song of the nightingale and cuckoo for comparison with the solitary reaper’s song?
(ତୁମେ କାହିଁକି ଭାବୁଛ Wordsworth ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତ ସହ ତୁଳନା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଓ କୋଇଲିର ଗୀତକୁ ଚୟନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
Obviously (ଅବଶ୍ୟ କବି) the poet William Wordsworth is absolutely (thoroughly – ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ) )captivated (ବିମୋହିତ) by the hunting melody (ଶିକାର ମେଲୋଡି) of the reaper’s song though he hasn’t been able to understand the theme. The maiden’s song reminds (ମନେ ପକାଇ ଦେଲା) him of the songs of the nightingale and the cuckoo. The poet’s choosing the song(s) of these two birds stands crystal clear ( ନିର୍ମଳ) to us. The tired travelers of the Arabian deserts listening to the soulful (sweet – ମଧୁର) music of the nightingale and the people getting immense joy (ଅସୀମ ଆନନ୍ଦ) from the note (song) of the cuckoo flowing (ବହିୟାଉଛି କୋକିଲ) from the far-off Hebrides in spring color of the poet’s imagination (କଳ୍ପନା). The songs of the reaper as well as (and) those of the nightingales and the cuckoos though (ଯଦିଓ) unintelligible (not fit to be understood – ବୁଝିବା ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ) have the source (ଉତ୍ସ) of perennial joy (ଚିରନ୍ତନ ଆନନ୍ଦ) in the routine dull life (ନିତିଦିନିଆ ନୀରସ ଜୀବନରେ) of human beings.

Question 3.
Whose song is sweeter according to the poet – the nightingale and the cuckoos or the solitary reaper’s? or the solitary reapers?
(କବିଙ୍କ ଅନୁସାରେ |ମତରେ କାହାର ଗୀତ ମଧୁରତର – ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ବା କୋଇଲିର ବା ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ?)
Answer:
According to the poet, the solitary reaper’s song is sweeter.

I. Let’s Write:

Question 1.
The poet cannot understand the words of the songq vet he raised several possibilities about its theme. In the diagram below are some of the possibilities. Read the stanzas-S and 6, and find out the phrases that match each. Work In pairs and complete the diagram writing the correct phrases in the blanks. One is done for you. (କବି ଗୀତର ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବୁଝିପାରୁନାହାନ୍ତି, ତଥାପି ସେ ଗୀତର ସାରମର୍ମ ବିଷୟରେ ଅନେକ ସମ୍ଭାବନାର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଉଠାଇଛନ୍ତି । ନିମ୍ନ ଅଙ୍କିତ diagramରେ କେତେକ ସମ୍ଭାବନା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଇଛି । ପଙ୍‌-୫ ଓ ୬ ପଢ଼ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସହ ଖାପ ଖାଉଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଚୟନ କର, ଦୁଇ ଦୁଇଜଣ ହୋଇ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କର ଏବଂ diagramର ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ସଠିକ୍ ବାକ୍ୟାଶ ଲେଖୁ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

The poet cannot understand the words of the song 1

Answer:

The poet cannot understand the words of the song 2

Question 2.
In stanza-3 and 4, the poet compares the solitary reaper’s song with that of the nightingale and the cuckoo. On the basis of your reading the poem and your imagination, complete the table below with required information/facts. Work in groups of 4. Then check your findings with others in a brief class discussion. discussion. (ପଙ୍‌କ୍ତି – ୩ ଓ ୪ରେ କବି ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତକୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ର ଗୀତ ଓ କୋଇଲିର ଗୀତ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ତୁମର କବିତା ପଠନ ଓ କଳ୍ପନାକୁ ଆଧାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ସାରଣୀ (table)କୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ସହ ପୂରଣ କର । ୪ ଜଣିଆ ଦଳରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କର । ତୁମର ତଥ୍ୟ ସହ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ତଥ୍ୟ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ଆଲୋଚନା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ତୁଳନା କର ।)

Singer	Place	Listener	Impact on the listener
Solitary reaper	Scottish Highland	the poet	holds him spellbound
Nightingale
Cuckoo

Now write one paragraph for each sub-table using the facts/information available hereunder. One is done for you.
(ଏବେ ପ୍ରତି ଉପ-ସାରଣୀ ପାଇଁ ସେଥ୍ରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ତଥ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନେଇ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗୋଟିଏ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଲେଖ । ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)

The solitary reaper was singing a melodious song as she reaped crops in the deep valley of the Scottish Highlands. The poet chanced to see (ଦେଖିବା ପାଇଁ ମନ ବଳାଇଲେ) and hear her. The tone and the tune enchanted (ଟ୍ୟୁନ୍ କବିଙ୍କୁ ମନ୍ତ୍ରମୁଗ୍ଧ କରିଦେଲା) the poet. It held him mesmerized and spellbound. The poet stood motionless and still as he listened to the song.

Answer:
On the Nightingale (ରାତି ଅଧରେ) -As the poet listened to the song of the reaper more and more, the picture of nightingale crosses his mind (ମନକୁ ଆସିଛି). When the travelers are already exhausted (very tired- ଅତି କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ) from the long journey. rest themselves in the cool shades of sorne oasis (ମରୂଦ୍ୟାନର ଶୀତଳ ଛାୟାରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନିଅନ୍ତି )they chance to listen (ହଠାତ୍ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ପାଆନ୍ତି) to the captivating music (ପୁଲକିତ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ) of the nightingale and they forget the weariness (ଅବସାଦ) of the long travel.

On the Cuckoo (କୁକୁଡା ଉପରେ) -The sweet and soulful music of the reaper’s song continued to echo (ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା) in the poet’s heart. The cuckoo, the harbinger (announcer – ଘୋଷକ) of spring appeared to tickle (ବସନ୍ତର ଝଙ୍କାର ଉଠିଲା) the poet’s imagination. The bird’s thrilling music overflowed, breaking the silence(ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତାକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗି) of the group of islands that lie to the north-west of Scotland.

Question 3.
Imagine that you are the poet, William Wordsworth. Just after hearing the solitary reaper, you will continue on your walk and reach home. Try to describe your experience to your younger brother and what you saw and felt.
(ମନେକର ତୁମେ ହେଉଛି କବି William Wordsworth । (ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତ ଶୁଣିବା ପରେ, ତୁମେ ତୁମର ଚାଲିବା ବଜାୟ ରଖ୍ ଘରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଯିବ । ତୁମେ ଯାହା ଦେଖୁଲ ଓ ଅନୁଭବ କଲ ସେ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତୁମର ଅନୁଭୂତି ତୁମର ସାନଭାଇ ନିକଟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)
Answer:
Dear Preeti, just now I was walking in the valley. I saw a solitary reaper working alone in the field. While working he was singing to herself. I was so mesmerized by her singing that I stopped there for a moment and listened to her song. The reaper was singing while cutting and binding the grain. She was singing in a very tragic (ମର୍ମନ୍ତୁଦ) voice. But her voice was extremely melodious (ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ମଧୁର). The more I listened to the song, the more thrill I felt in my mind and heart. Even (ଏପରିକି) the musical notes (ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ) of the nightingale and the cuckoo appeared to have lacked (ଅଭାବ) the depth (ଗଭୀରତା) of feeling. As I climbed up the hill and stood motionless, the reaper’s song made me spellbound (ମୋତେ ଅପାର ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ଅଭିଭୂତ କରିଦେଲା). The song continues to trasport (ଚିରନ୍ତନ ଆନନ୍ଦର ଆବେଗକୁ ମୋତେ କ୍ରମାଗତ ଦେଇଯାଉଛି) bliss (ଅନାବିଳ ଆନନ୍ଦ).

Question 4.
‘The Solitary Reaper’ is a superb panorama of events that slowly and silently glides from one to the other. Given below a glimpse of the poet’s lofty thoughts occurring in the poem. But they miss their sequence. Can you reorder them as they occur in the poem?
Write (a) / (b) / (c) / (d / (e) in the boxes to show the order. (‘The Solitary Reaper’ କବିତା ହେଉଛି ଘଟଣାସମୂହର ଏକ ଉଚ୍ଚକୋଟୀର ଚଳନ୍ତି ପ୍ରବାହ ଯେଉଁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଗୋଟିଏରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଗୋଟିଏକୁ ଗତି କରୁଛି । ନିମ୍ନରେ କବିଙ୍କର କବିତାରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଇଥିବା ଚମତ୍କାର ଭାବନାଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ପ୍ରତିଛବି ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଇଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ରମ ଅନୁସାରେ ନାହାନ୍ତି । କବିତାର ଘଟଣାକ୍ରମ ଅନୁସାରେ ସଜାଇ ଲେଖ । କ୍ରମ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ପାଇଁ ବାକ୍ସଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) / (e) ଲେଖ ।)
(a) The poet’s guess (ଅନୁମାନ ) is that the solitary reaper’s song contains a theme of sorrow, loss or pain.
(b) Touching tone and melody of the song holds the poet mesmerised and spell bound.
(c) Poet walks up the hill carrying the maiden’s song in his heart and head.
(d) The young farm worker sings to herself (ନିଜକୁ ନିଜେ ଗୀତ ଗାଉଛି) as (ଯେପରି) she is reaping (ଅମଳ) the corn.
(e) Wordsworth compares the girl’s song with the songs of the nightingale and the cuckoo.
Answer:
(d)/(b)/(e)/(a)/(c)

Question 5.
Given below isa description similar to your experience. But some words/phrases are missing in it. Complete the description using appropriate words/phrases from the from the HELP BOX. (ତୁମର ଅନୁଭୂତି ସହ ସମାନ ଏକ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି । HELP BOXରୁ ସଠିକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ବା ବାକ୍ୟାଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାଛି ନିମ୍ନ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକୁ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

“Just now, J was walking, I saw a _______ in the field. She was ________ as she worked. I was so affected ________ that I ___________. She had, which seemed to _______ was a sad one, and I could not. But its ________ and melancholy sound. and its ________ reminded me of the song and. After some time I walked ___________, of the young _____ with me.”

HELP BOX

Beauty	up the hill	singing to herself
a nightingale	in the valley	stopped and listened
a cuckoo	by her singing	till the whole valley
the song	a beautiful voice	understand the words
woman’s song	young farm worker	touched me greatly
plaintive tone	carrying the memory

Answer:
“Just now, I was walking in the valley, I saw a young farm worker (ଶ୍ରମିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରତ ଯୁବତୀ) in the field. She was singing to herself as she worked. I was so affected
(ଏତେ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥୁଲି)her singing that (ତାହା) I stopped and listened.
She had a beautiful voice, which seemed to fill the whole valley (ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଉପତ୍ୟକାକୁ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ କରୁଥିବାର ଜଣାପଡୁଥିଲା ). The song was a sad one, and I could not understand the words.
But its plaintive tone (ବିଷାଦମୟ ସ୍ବର) and melancholy sound touched me greatly, and its beauty reminded me of the song of a nightingale and a cuckoo. After some time I walked the hill carrying the memory (ସ୍ମୃତି ବହନ କରି), of the young woman’s song with me.”

Question 6.
Write answers to all the questions under “G. Let us understand the poem”.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English The Solitary Reaper Important Questions and Answers

Very Short A Objective Questions With Answers:
A. Answer The Following Questions In Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Who was singing in the field?
Answer:
the solitary reaper/the Highland Lass

Question 2.
Where was the field?
Answer:
in the regions of the high mountains

Question 3.
What was the girl?
Answer:
a solitary reaper

Question 4.
What was the girl doing in the field?
Answer:
singing to herself while cutting the grain

Question 5.
What request does the poet make to the passers-by?
Answer:
to stop there or pass slowly

Question 6.
What was overflowing with the sound of the song?
Answer:
the profound or deep valley

Question 7.
What was the vale like?
Answer:
deep and widespread

Question 8.
What sort of song was the reaper singing?
Answer:
a sad or melancholic song

Question 9.
Whose welcome notes are greeted by tired travelers?
Answer:
the nightingale’s

Question 10.
Where is the shady haunt?
Answer:
among the Arabian deserts

Question 11.
When does the cuckoo sing?
Answer:
in springtime

Question 12.
Whose song was more appealing than those of the nightingales and cuckoos?
Answer:
the reaper’s song

Question 13.
Why couldn’t the poet understand the girl’s song?
Answer:
the language of the song being unfamiliar (ଅଜଣା ଥ‌ିବାରୁ )

Question 14.
How did the poet listen to the reaper’s song?
Answer:
standing (ଠିଆ ହୋଇ) still and motionless

Question 15.
What was the note of the reaper’s music?
Answer:
sad or sorrowful

B. Fill In The Blanks With Right Words:

1. The solitary reaper was busy cutting the grain in ___________.
Answer:
the field

2. The word ‘Highland’ means ___________.
Answer:
high mountain regions

3. The reaper was cutting and ___________.
Answer:
binding the grain or crops

4. ___________is resounded with the girl’s song.
Answer:
The profound valley /vale

Question 5.
The poet appeals to ___________ to stop there on gently pass.
Answer:
the passers-by

Question 6.
The solitary reaper was singing a ___________.
Answer:
melancholic or sad song

Question 7.
___________are the weary bands.
Answer:
The tired travelers

Question 8.
The cuckoo’s song broke ___________.
Answer:
the silence of the seas

Question 9.
The travelers rest in ___________.
Answer:
shady or cool haunts

Question 10.
___________ gives comfort to tired travelers.
Answer:
The nightingale & sweet note

Question 11.
The sad songs of the girl flow from ___________.
Answer:
old, unhappy, and familiar matters

Question 12.
More welcome notes come from ___________.
Answer:
the nightingale

Question 13.
The reaper’s song may have ___________.
Answer:
different themes

Question 14.
Words like ‘maiden’ and ‘lass’ stand for ___________.
Answer:
the reaper

Question 15.
While at work the reaper held ___________ in her hand.
Answer:
a sickle

Multiple Choice Questions (Mcqs) With Answers
Pick out the correct alternative.

Question 1.
The poem “Solitary Reaper” is written by ___________.
(A) William Wordsworth
(B) John Keats
(C) Shakespeare
(D) R.N. Tagore
Answer:
(A) William Wordsworth

Question 2.
William Wordsworth is/was famous as one of the poets.
(A) greatest romantic
(B) greatest Nature
(C) greatest social
(D) greatest traditional
Answer:
(B) greatest Nature

Question 3.
Wordsworth belongs to the age in English literature.
(A) medieval
(B) Victorian
(C) romantic
(D) ancient
Answer:
(C) romantic

Question 4.
In the line/expression “Yon Solitary Highland Lass !“. the word ‘Yon’ means.
(A) young
(B) overhear
(C) there
(D) over there
Answer:
(D) over there

Question 5.
The narrator / The poet requests the passers-by to stop there or.
(A) pass noiselessly
(B) pass quickly
(C) go ahead
(D) gently pass
Answer:
(D) gently pass

Question 6.
The phrase “Highland Lass” means the girl living in the high mountain region of.
(A) England
(B) Ireland
(C) Scotland
(D) Holland
Answer:
(C) Scotland

Question 7.
The solitary reaper is reaping and by herself.
(A) binding
(B) singing
(C) harvesting
(D) sowing
Answer:
(B) singing

Question 8.
are requested by the poet to pass gently (slowly).
(A) The passers-by
(B) The travelers
(C) The farmers
(D) The villagers
Answer:
(A) The passers-by

Question 9.
In the line “Behold her single in the field”, the pronoun ‘her’ stands for.
(A) the solitary reaper
(B) the solitary girl
(C) The solitary worker
(D) The old lady
Answer:
(A) the solitary reaper

Question 10.
The deep and is filled with the sweet song of the solitary reaper.
(A) shallow valley
(B) wide valley
(C) narrow valley
(D) profound valley
Answer:
(B) wide valley

Question 11.
“Deep and wide” denotes the word meant for the ‘valley’.
(A) shallow
(B) huge
(C) profound
(D) marvelous
Answer:
(C) marvelous

Question 12.
Alone cuts and binds the grain.
(A) the young farmer
(B) the old farmer
(C) the solitary worker
(D) the solitary reaper
Answer:
(D) the solitary reaper

Question 13.
The group of rest / are resting in the shady haunt.
(A) young travelers
(B) weary pilgrims
(C) rich travelers
(D) tired travelers
Answer:
(D) tired travelers

Question 14.
The soothing notes of providing (give) peace and joy to tired travelers in the desert.
(A) Cuckoo
(B) Nightingale
(C) Parrot
(D) Pegion
Answer:
(B) Nightingale

Question 15.
The Nightingale is famous for its sweetness or melodious.
(A) voice
(B) tone
(C) note
(D) song
Answer:
(A) voice

Question 16.
The melody of the breaks / is breaking the silence of the seas.
(A) nightingale
(B) cuckoo
(C) sparrow
(D) parrot
Answer:
(B) cuckoo

Question 17.
The bird cuckoo sings in.
(A) autumn
(B) winter
(C) summer
(D) spring
Answer:
(D) spring

Question 18.
The word in the poem denotes that the reaper is unmarried.
(A) yon
(B) maiden
(C) solitary
(D) single
Answer:
(B) maiden

Question 19.
The phrase “familiar matter” described in the poem means the events of.
(A) day-to-day life
(B) past life
(C) normal life
(D) material ife
Answer:
(A) day-to-day life

Question 20.
The poet listened to the reaper’s / girl’s / farmer girl’s song still and.
(A) unmoved
(B) quiet
(C) motionless
(D) speechless
Answer:
(C) motionless

The Solitary Reaper Summary in English

Lead-In:
In the present poem, Wordsworth recalls (ୱାର୍ଡସୱର୍ଥ ସ୍ମରଣ କରେ) an experience (ଏକ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତା)that had created a lasting impression (ଯାହା ଏକ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଭାବନା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା |) upon his mind. The poet’s depicting (ଚିତ୍ରଣ) a solitary Highland Lass (ଏକ ନିର୍ଜନ ଉଚ୍ଚଭୂମି ଲାସ୍) and the effect (ପ୍ରଭାବ) of her sweet song on him forms the crux (major subject — ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ) of the poem.

Stanzawise Explanation:
Stanza 1 (Lines 1 to 4)
Behold her single in the field.
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Gist: In the first stanza, the poet urges (calls) the by-passers to behold (to see) the solitary Highland Lass (maiden) who while reaping the corns is singing by herself (alone). The poet appeals to them (the by-passers) to stop near the girl or cross the path slowly.
ସାରାଂଶ : କବିତାର ପ୍ରଥମ ପତ୍‌ତ୍ତିରେ କବି ନିକଟରେ ଯାତାୟାତ କରୁଥିବା ପଥଚାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉଚ୍ଚ ପର୍ବତଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଶସ୍ୟ କାଟୁଥ‌ିବା ଓ ମନକୁ ମନ ଗୀତ ଗାଉଥିବା ଏକ ଝିଅକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଆଗ୍ରହ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଝିଅଟି ପାଖରେ ଅଟକିଯିବା ପାଇଁ ବା ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ରାସ୍ତାକୁ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେ (କବି) ପଥଚାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିବେଦନ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

Stanza 2 (Lines 5 to 8)
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale, profound Is overflowing with sound.
Gist: The girl or the maiden is found cutting and binding the grain. While doing so, she keeps on singing a sad number (song). The poet calls upon (urges) the passers-by to listen to that melodious song. The sprawling (widespread) valley of the mountain region is overflowed with the sweetness of the song.
ସାରାଂଶ : ଉଚ୍ଚ ପର୍ବତାଞ୍ଚଳରେ କୁମାରୀ ବା ଝିଅଟି ଶସ୍ୟ କାଟି ବିଡ଼ା ବାନ୍ଧୁଥ‌ିବାର ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି । ଏହା କରୁଥିଲାବେଳେ ସେ ଏକ ଦୁଃଖ ବା ବିଷାଦଭରା ଗୀତ ଗାଇ ଚାଲିଛି । ସେହି ମଧୁର ଗୀତକୁ ଶୁଣିବା ନିମିତ୍ତ ସେ (କବି) ପଥଚାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆହ୍ବାନ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ଝିଅର ଗୀତ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପର୍ବଶ୍ରେଣୀର ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଉପତ୍ୟକାକୁ ବିମୋହିତ କରିଦେଇଛି ।

Stanza 3 (Lines 9 to 12)
No Nightingale did ever chaunt.
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travelers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands;
Gist: As the poet says, the hunting melody of the reaper’s song easily surpassed the music of Nightingale, which captivates the band of tired travelers taking a rest in some oasis in the Arabian desert.
ସାରାଂଶ : କବିଙ୍କ କହିବା ଅନୁସାରେ ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ମଧୁର ମର୍ମସ୍ପର୍ଶୀ ଗୀତ ସହଜରେ ନାଇଟିଙ୍ଗଲ୍ ବା ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀର ସଙ୍ଗୀତକୁ ଟପିଯାଇଥିଲା, ଯାହା ଆରବ ମରୁଭୂମିର ମରୂଦ୍ୟାନରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମରତ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ପଥକଗୋଷ୍ଠୀକୁ ବିମୋହିତ କରିଥାଏ ।

Stanza 4 (Lines 13 to 16)
A voice so thrilling ne ’er was heard
In springtime from the Cuckoo-bird
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.
Gist: The melodious voice of the solitary reaper was so appealing. Even the cuckoo’s song in spring lacks the intensity of thrill. The reaper’s breathtaking (very sweet) voice seemed to have broken the silence of the cluster (group) of islands off the north Atlantic coast of Scotland.
ସାରାଂଶ : ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ମଧୁର ସ୍ଵର ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ମୁଗ୍‌ଧକାରୀ ଥିଲା । ଏପରିକି ବସନ୍ତରେ କୋଇଲିର କୁହୁତାନରେ ଏଭଳି ରୋମାଞ୍ଚକର ତୀବ୍ରତା ନ ଥାଏ । ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ମାଦକଭରା ସ୍ଵର ସ୍କଟ୍‌ଲାଣ୍ଡର ସୁଦୂର ଉତ୍ତର ଆଟଲାଣ୍ଟିକ୍ କୂଳରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଦ୍ଵୀପପୁଞ୍ଜର ନୀରବତାକୁ ଭଙ୍ଗ କରୁଥିବାର ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହେଉଛି ।

Stanza 5 (Lines 17 to 20)
Will no one tell me what she sings?-
Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago;
Gist: The poet fails to understand the theme of the song. Perhaps sad songs arising out of old, unhappy things of the past or very ancient battles could have formed the theme of the reaper’s song.
ସାରାଂଶ : ନିର୍ଜନ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ବିଷାଦଭରା ଓ ହୃଦୟସ୍ପର୍ଶୀ ଗୀତର ସାରକଥା ବୁଝିବାରେ କବି ଅସଫଳ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ବୋଧହୁଏ ଅତୀତର କୌଣସି ଦୁଃଖଦାୟକ ଘଟଣା ବା ସଙ୍ଘଟିତ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ଝିଅଟିର ଗୀତର ସାରକଥା ହୋଇଥାଇପାରେ ବୋଲି ସେ ମନେ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ।

Stanza 6 (Lines 21 to 24)
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of today?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and maybe again?
Gist: The theme of the song could be the song of the everyday stories of life or the usual things of the day. Maybe matters of natural sorrow or loss or pain had produced the gist or theme of the song.
ସାରାଂଶ : ଗୀତର ସାରମର୍ମ ହୁଏତ ସବୁଦିନିଆ ଜୀବନ କାହାଣୀର ଗୀତ ବା ସାଧାରଣ ଘଟଣାବଳୀର ସନ୍ଦେଶ ହୋଇପାରେ । ଲାଗୁଥିଲା ସ୍ଵାଭାବିକ ଦୁଃଖ ବା କ୍ଷତି ବା ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଗୀତର ମାର୍ମିକ ଭାବ ହୋଇଥାଇପାରେ ।

Stanza 7 (Lines 25 to 28)
Whate ’er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o ’er the sickle bending; –
Gist: The theme of the song may be diverse (different). But the maiden’s (reaper’s) song seemed to have no end. The poet beheld (saw) the girl singing at her work bending low with a sickle (billhook) in her hand.
ସାରାଂଶ : ଗୀତର ସାରମର୍ମ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ହୋଇପାରେ, କିନ୍ତୁ କୁମାରୀର (ଅବିବାହିତ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର) ଗୀତର ଅନ୍ତ ନ ଥ‌ିବାର ଜଣାପଡୁଥିଲା । ଝିଅଟି ହାତରେ ଦାଆ ଧରି ନଇଁପଡ଼ି ଶସ୍ୟ କାଟିବାରେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଥ‌ିବାର କବି ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ।

Stanza 8 (Lines 29 to 32)
I listen ’d, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more.
Gist: The poet continued to listen to the song quietly and attentively as he climbed up the hill. Though several (many) days have passed, the musical song of the girl still continues to throb in his heart.
ସାରାଂଶ : ପାହାଡ଼ ଚଢ଼ୁଥିଲାବେଳେ କବି ଲଗାତର ଭାବେ ଶସ୍ୟକଟାଳିର ଗୀତକୁ ନୀରବ ଓ ଏକାଗ୍ର ଚିତ୍ତରେ ଶୁଣୁଥିଲେ । ଯଦିଓ ସେ ଏହି ଗୀତ ଶୁଣିବାର ଅନେକ ଦିନ ବିତିଯାଇଛି, ତଥାପି ଝିଅର ସଙ୍ଗୀତଭରା ଗୀତ ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟକୁ ଏବେ ବି ପୁଲକିତ କରୁଛି ।

About The Poet:
William Wordsworth was born on 7th April 1770, in Cockermouth in the Lake District, England. He is regarded (ତାଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ମାନିତ କରାଯାଏ) as a worshipper (ଉପାସକ) of nature. Love of nature is a major theme (ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଥିମ୍ |) of his poetry. He wrote about ordinary (ସାଧାରଣ) men and women in the language of the ordinary people. For him (ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ), “Poetry is the spontaneous óverflow of powerful feelings (କବିତା ହେଉଛି ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ଭାବନାର ସ୍ବତଃସ୍ଫୂର୍ତ ଉପଦ୍ରବ) arising from emotions (ଆବେଗର ଉଦୟ) recollected in tranquility (ଶାନ୍ତିରେ ସ୍ମରଣ)”. He died at Rydal Mount and Gardens, United Kingdom on April 23, 1850.

Word Meaning / Glossary:
As written in the text (ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦ ବା ବାକ୍ୟଶ ଅନୁସାରେ)

behold – look at or see (ଦେଖିବା)
yon – (old English) over there (ସେହିଠାରେ) or that (କିମ୍ବା ତାହା |)
solitary – single or alone or deserted ((ନିର୍ଜନ ବା ଏକାକିନୀ ))
Do you see the solitary house/farmer there?
Highland Lass – the girl living in the highlands (mountain regions) of Scotland (ସ୍କଟ୍‌ଲାଣ୍ଡ ଦେଶର ଉଚ୍ଚ ପର୍ବତାଞ୍ଚଳରେ ବାସ କରୁଥିବା ଝିଅ ବା କୁମାରୀ)
melancholy strain – sad or sorrowful song (ବିଷାଦଭରା ବା ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଗୀତ)
vale – valley (ଉପତ୍ୟକା) (poetic form of valley – valleyରକାବ୍ୟରୂପ )
The vale of the mountain is sprawling (ବିଚ୍ଛୁରିତ).
profound – widespread (ବ୍ୟାପକ)
We see a profound valley in the Himalayas.
did chaunt – sang or chanted (ଗୀଥିଲା ବା ଗାୟନ କରିଥିଲା)
weary – very tired or exhausted (ଅବସାଦଗ୍ରସ୍ତ)
The weary passer-by rested under a tree shade (ଛାଇ) for some time, band-group (ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ)
The owner of the house has been killed by a band of robbers (ଡକାୟତଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ୍).
welcome notes – very sweet or melodious songs (ଅତି ମଧୁର ବା ମଧୁର ଗୀତ)
in some shady haunt – in some cool and sheltered oasis (କିଛି ଥଣ୍ଡା ଓ ଆଶ୍ରୟସ୍ଥଳୀରେ)
among Arabian sands – among the desert of Arabia (Middle East) (ଆରବ ମରୁଭୂମି ମଧ୍ୟରେ (ମଧ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବ)
so thrilling- very exciting or amusing ( ଅତି ରୋମାଞ୍ଚିତ)
The cuckoo has a thrilling melody (ରୋମାଞ୍ଚକର).
ne’er – never (କେବେ ନୁହେଁ)
vate pround – a deep and wide valley (ଗଭୀର ଓ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଉପତ୍ୟକା))
farthest Hebrides – the most remote group or cluster of islands that lies to the north-west of Scotland (ସ୍କଟଲାଣ୍ଡର ଉତ୍ତର-ପଶ୍ଚିମରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ସବୁଠାରୁ ଦୁର୍ଗମ ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ ବା ଦ୍ୱୀପପୁଞ୍ଜ)
plaintive numbers – sad songs (ଦୁଃଖର ଗୀତ)
humble lay – ordinary song (ସାଧାରଣ ଗୀତ)
sickle – a tool with a curved blade on a short handle for cutting grass, corn, etc. (ଘାସ ବା ଶସ୍ୟକଟା ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (ଦାଆ))
The old man is mowing (କାଟୁଛି) the grass with a sickle.
motionless – without movement (ବା ନିଶ୍ଚଳ ହୋଇ)
The boy stood motionless in fear.
battles long ago – the Scots were divided into clans or large clans (କ୍ଳାନ୍ସ) or large family groups or tribes.
In the past, these clans sometimes fought. Songs have been written about these battles. (ଅତୀତରେ ସ୍କଟ୍‌ସୀ (ସ୍କଟ୍‌ଲାଣ୍ଡର ଅସ୍ଵାସୀ) ଅନେକ ବିଶାଳ ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ
Scotland – A country bordering England in the United Kindgom (ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ ଦେଶ ସୀମାରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଦେଶ ) .

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 10 School’s Goodbye

November 8, 2023October 26, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 10 School’s Goodbye Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 10 School’s Goodbye

BSE Odisha 10th Class English School’s Goodbye Text Book Questions and Answers

E. Let’s Understand The Text:

Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the essay? Who are the audience?
(ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧରେ ବକ୍ତା କିଏ ? ଶ୍ରୋତା କେଉଁମାନେ ?)
Answer:
The author Lord Eustace Percy, a former Minister of Education of Britain, is the speaker in the essay. The students, who are about to leave school, are the audience.

Question 2.
What does the speaker speak about?
(ବକ୍ତା କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ କହିଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The speaker speaks about the duties of the school leavers after leaving school.

Question 3.
What is the wrong notion pupils generally have when they say goodbye to their school?
(ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରୁ ବିଦାୟ ନିଅନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମନରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ କ’ଣ ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଧାରଣା ଥାଏ ?)
Answer:
When the pupils say goodbye to their school, they think that their education is finished, which is a wrong notion.

Question 4.
Why is it necessary to continue your education even after leaving school?
(ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କଲାପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କର ଶିକ୍ଷା ଚାଲୁ ରହିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
One can’t achieve success in life easily. It can be achieved by hard work and continuous learning. So, if we are seeking success in life, we must work hard and continue our learning even after leaving school.

Question 5.
What care should be required for the choice of a profession?
(ଗୋଟିଏ ବୃତ୍ତି ଚୟନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କି ପ୍ରକାର ଯତ୍ନ ନେବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
The choice of profession in life is a very difficult task. It must be done with the greatest care. One should aim at choosing the right profession that will bring him/her an interesting and happy future. In case of any doubt as to the choice, one shouldn’t be reluctant to take the advice of his/her teachers.

Question 6.
What should you do if you are forced to take up a job you do not like?
(ଯଦି ତୁମେମାନେ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁନଥ‌ିବା ଚାକିରି କରିବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ ହୁଅ, ତେବେ ତୁମେମାନେ କ’ଣ କରିବ ?)
Answer:
If we are forced to take up a job we do not like, we should try to avoid it because it can only last for a short time. Instead, we should try to get our liked one as soon as possible.

Question 7.
Who should you seek advice from if you are not able to decide on the right profession?
(ଯଦି ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ବୃତ୍ତି ଚୟନ ପାଇଁ ତୁମେମାନେ ସମର୍ଥ ନ ହୁଅ, ତୁମେମାନେ କାହାର ଉପଦେଶ ନେବ ?)
Answer:
If we are not able to decide on the right profession, we should seek advice from one of our teachers. Because they are experienced and are able to give us better suggestions.

Question 8.
What are the things that prevent someone from achieving success?
(ଜଣକୁ ସଫଳତା ପାଇବାରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିତ କରୁଥିବା ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
Unsound heart, health, irregular habits, smoking, and drinking prevent someone from achieving success. Because smoking and drinking ruin one’s health and efficiency and make his/her body unfit to achieve any success in life.

Question 9.
What is essential for achieving success in life?
(ଜୀବନରେ ସଫଳତା ଲାଭ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ ସବୁଠାରୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ?)
Answer:
Good health is essential for achieving success in life. No one can achieve success in life without keeping his body fit.

Question 10.
How can you keep in good health?
(ତୁମେ କିପରି ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ରକ୍ଷା କରିପାରିବ ?)
Answer:
We can keep in good health through cleanliness, fresh air, regular habits, and suitable recreation and make ourselves strong enough to play the game.

Question 11.
What should we avoid to remain healthy?
(ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟବାନ୍ ରହିବା ପାଇଁ ଆମେ କ’ଣ ପରିହାର କରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
In order to remain healthy we should avoid smoking because it stunts the body and clouds the brain. Besides we should avoid drink as it is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.

Question 12.
What is the priceless possession of an individual?
(ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପଦ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
Character is the priceless possession of an individual. So we have to keep it free from black spots.

Question 13.
How can one’s character be kept sound and strong?
(ଜଣକର ଚରିତ୍ରକୁ କିପରି ସୁସ୍ଥ ଓ ବଳିଷ୍ଠ ରଖିହେବ ?)
Answer:
One’s character can be kept sound and strong if he/she is truthful in all things, considerate to everybody, fair to his/her rivals, and kind and helpful to the weak and suffering. Besides, he/she should always support what is good, pure, and noble.

Question 14.
What should be avoided to safeguard one’s character?
(ଜଣକର ଚରିତ୍ରକୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ କ’ଣ ପରିହାର କରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
Gambling in every form should be avoided to safeguard one’s character as it is a mean game trying to get something for nothing and at others’ cost.

Question 15.
How should one spend one’s leisure hours?
(ଜଣେ ଜଣକର ଅବସର ସମୟ କିପରି ଅତିବାହିତ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
One should spend one’s leisure hours with interesting hobbies, good books, and good companions. Association with these things influences him/her a lot to make him/her good and noble.

Question 16.
How can an individual prove himself an asset to the nation?
(ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ନିଜକୁ ଦେଶର ସମ୍ପରି ଭାବେ ପ୍ରମାଣିତ କରିପାରିବ ?)
Answer:
An individual can prove himself an asset to the nation with a sound mind a sound body, a good character, courteous manners, and loyalty to the duties of his nation and its high ideals.

F. Let’s Understand The Text Better:

Question 1.
Who are the real audience in the essay?
(ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧରେ ପ୍ରକୃତ ଶ୍ରୋତା କେଉଁମାନେ ?)
Answer:
The real audience in the essay are not only the students of that particular school but also the students of all schools, who are about to leave the school. It is also a message to the youth who are going to start a new career.

Question 2.
Why does the speaker advise the audience to continue their education after school?
(ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ ପରେ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଚାଲୁ ରଖିବାକୁ ବକ୍ତା କାହିଁକି ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ?)
Answer:
The speaker advises the audience to continue their education after school because they can’t achieve success in life without it. One can achieve success in life by working hard and continuing to learn.

Question 3.
Why do students seek advice from their teachers?
(ଛାତଛାତୀମାନେ କାହିଁକି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କର ଉପଦେଶ ଅନ୍ଵେଷଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
The students will require to choose a trade or profession after their schooling and they will have to do it very carefully otherwise they will repent in their later life. In case of any doubt about the right profession for them, they should seek advice from their teachers who can guide them properly.

Question 4.
How does good health help you?
(ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ତମମାନଙ୍କୁ କିପରି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ ?)
Answer:
Good health has manifold benefits. It helps us immensely. It makes us physically strong and enhances our mental power and efficiency. Above all, it helps us to achieve success in life.

Question 5.
What is the harmful effect of smoking?
(ଧୂମପାନର କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ପ୍ରଭାବ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
Smoking is no doubt injurious to health. It prevents our body from growing properly and makes the mind confused. Hence, it is harmful to both our body and mind.

Question 6.
Why is a drink called the deadly enemy of health and efficiency?
(ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଓ ଦକ୍ଷତାର ଚରମ ଶତ୍ରୁ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
Drinking ruins health and peace of mind. It reduces the efficiency of a man. It is extremely harmful. So it is called the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.

Question 7.
Why is character a priceless possession of a human being?
(ଚରିତ୍ର କାହିଁକି ଜଣେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ଏକ ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପଦ ?)
Answer:
Character makes one truthful in all things, considerable to everybody, fair to rivals, kind and helpful to the weak and the suffering. It also provides him the courage to support good, pure, and noble things. Besides, characterlessness hampers one’s dignity and prestige. Therefore, the character is considered a priceless possession of a human being.

Question 8.
Why should we help the weak and the suffering?
(ଆମେ କାହିଁକି ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଓ ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
Answer:
Being human beings it is our utmost duty to help others, especially the weak and the suffering. Because they are helpless, need the assistance of others and their survival depends on others’ help. So we should help them.

Question 9.
What do you mean by hard times?
(ଦୁଃସମୟ/ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିନ କହିଲେ ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ବୁଝ ?)
Answer:
By hard times we mean the period full of difficulty and trouble which is not at all pleasant. It comes at any time in everybody’s life for which a man makes provision.

Question 10.
How can we spend our leisure hours wisely?
(ଆମେ କିପରି ଆମର ଅବସର ସମୟ ବିଜ୍ଞ ଭାବରେ ଅତିବାହିତ କରିପାରିବା ?)
Answer:
Leisure hours shouldn’t be spent with mere idling because many vices breed in man’s idleness. We can make the best use of it interesting hobbies like composing poems or drawing pictures, reading good books like scriptures or the lives of great men. Leisure hours can also be filled up by companionships and associations.

Question 11.
How can we achieve real success?
(ଆମେ କିପରି ପ୍ରକୃତ ସଫଳତା ଲାଭ କରିପାରିବା ?)
Answer:
It’s not easy to achieve success in life. Real success can only be achieved if we possess a sound mind in a sound body, a good character, good manners, and loyalty to the duties of our nation and its high ideals.

G. Let’s Read Between The Lines:

1. Even after school one should continue one’s education. Suggest various ways in which one can continue learning.
(ବିଦ୍ୟଳୟ ତ୍ୟାଗପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଚାଲୁ ରଖୁ ଉଚିତ । ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଉପାୟ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦିଅ ଯଦ୍ବାରା ଜଣେ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଚାଲୁ ରଖୁପାରିବ ।)
(One has been suggested for you)
(ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।
(a) Self-study
(b) _________
(c) _________
(d) _________
Answer:
(b) Group discussion
(c) Peer learning
(d) Using electronic and mass media

2. We should seek advice from our teachers. Our teachers advise us to:
(ଆମେ ଆମ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କ ଉପଦେଶ ପାଇବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଆମ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନେ ଆମକୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେବେ –)
(One has been mentioned for you.)
(ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)
(a) work hard our studies.
(b) ___________
(c) ___________
(d) ___________
Answer:
(b) be sincere
(c) obey our parents
(d) be punctual

3. We must make provisions for hard times.
(ଆମେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଯୋଜନା କରିବା ଉଚିତ ।)
(One has been done for you.)
(ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)
Hard times Provisions
(a) Monetary crisis Savings
(b) __________ __________
(c) __________ __________
(d) __________ __________
Answer:
(b) Job crisis Self-employment
(c) National crisis Self-help
(d) Passion crisis Self-control

4. We should be loyal to our nation and be good citizens. List the duties of a good citizen.
(ଆମେ ଦେଶ ପ୍ରତି ଆନୁଗତ୍ୟ ରହିବା ଏବଂ ଉତ୍ତମ ନାଗରିକ ହେବା । ଜଣେ ଉତ୍ତମ ନାଗରିକ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ ତାଲିକା କର ।)
One of the duties has been stated for you.
(କତ୍ତବ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରାଯାଇଛି ।)

1. Sacrifice for the nation
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
Answer:
2. Loyalty to the country
3. Obedience to the law
4. Kind and helpful to the weak and the suffering
5. Considerate and fair to everybody
6. Be truthful in all things
7. Sympathetic to other people

H. Let’s Listen And Speak:

Discuss in pairs/groups.
(ଯୋଡ଼ି ହୋଇ ବା ଦଳରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କର ।)
(i) Rights of a good citizen (ଜଣେ ଉତ୍ତମ ନାଗରିକର ଅଧିକାର )
(ii) Duties of a good citizen (ଜଣେ ଉତ୍ତମ ନାଗରିକର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ)
Students are divided into two groups. One group will discuss “Rights of a good citizen”. Another group will discuss “Duties of a good citizen”.
(ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ଦୁଇ ଦଳରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ ହେବେ । ଗୋଟିଏ ଦଳ ‘ଜଣେ ଉତ୍ତର ନାଗରିକର ଅଧ୍ୟାର’ ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରିବ । ଅନ୍ୟ ଦଳ ‘ଜଣେ ଉତ୍ତମ ନାଗରିକର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ’ ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରିବ ।)
The discussion will take place under the guidance of the teacher.
(ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶମତେ ଆଲୋଚନା ଚାଲିବ ।)

Answer:
Group – A (Topic – “Rights of a good citizen”):
Every member of a state is a citizen. A good citizen is one who enjoys certain rights and performs certain duties for the nation. The state should take the responsibility of looking after the life and property of citizens. The state should take responsibility for the health and education of each citizen. Each citizen should have freedom of speech and worship. He should have the right to follow an occupation according to his choice. Each adult citizen should have the right to vote and contest in the election. He should also have the right to share in the administration of the state. He has many other rights also.

Group – B (Topic – “Duties of a good citizen”):
Rights and duties go together. Rights have no meaning without duties. Therefore, a citizen has to perform some duties. He must be loyal to the state. Every citizen must be prepared to sacrifice his life and property for the protection of the state. A good citizen must pay taxes to the state. He must obey the laws enacted by the government. He must protect the national property. He must think that the loss of the state is indirectly the loss of its citizens. All citizens should think that they are citizens of the same state and they have equal rights and duties. They can’t be good citizens unless they know their duties and responsibilities.

I. Let’s Learn Some Words

(i) Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’
(‘A’ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭର ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ‘B’ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅର୍ଥକୁ ମିଳାଅ ।)

A	B
beware of	polite or well-mannered
untarnished	mercy
stunt	chiefly or mainly
for good	the habit of betting money
above all	honest
Courteous	be careful
grace	pure and bright
largely	permanently
gambling	stop something from growing
fair	most importantly

Answer:

A	B
beware of	be careful
untarnished	pure and bright
stunt	stop something from growing
for good	permanently
above all	most importantly
Courteous	polite or well-mannered
grace	mercy
largely	chiefly or mainly
gambling	the habit of betting money
fair	honest

(ii) Express the following in a single word :
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କର ।)
(i) the health and happiness of people
(ii) having ambition
(iii) to obtain something
(iv) profession or a job of a person
(v) to prevent something or somebody from growing properly
(vi) too valuable to have a price
(vii) quality of being loyal
(viii) to weaken someone’s strength slowly
(ix) quality of being efficient
(x) be on your guard against something

Answer:
(i) the health and happiness of people – welfare (ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଓ ଖୁସି)
(ii) having ambition – ambitious (ଅଭିଳାଷୀ)
(iii) to obtain something – secure
(iv) profession or a job of a person – trade
(v) to prevent something or somebody from growing properly – stunt
(vi) too valuable to have a price – priceless (ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ)
(vii) quality of being loyal – loyalty (ଆନୁଗତ୍ୟ)
(viii) to weaken someone’s strength slowly – sap (କ୍ରମଶଃ କ୍ଷୟ କରିବା)
(ix) quality of being efficient – efficiency (ଦକ୍ଷତା)
(x) be on your guard against something – beware of (ସୁରକ୍ଷା ଦେବା)

(iii) Convert the following verbs to nouns and frame sentences:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କର ଏବଂ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର ।)
calculate, associate, consider, educate, hesitate, profess, occupy
Answer:
calculate (V) – calculation (N) (ହିସାବ)
These calculations are based on the latest statistics.
associate (V) – association (N) (ସମ୍ପର୍କ)
Mr. Pattnaik formed an association to help blind people.
consider (V) – consideration (N) ( ବିଚାର )
After due consideration, I have decided to recommend him for the post.
educate (V) – education (N) (ଶିକ୍ଷା)
The State government takes responsibility for the education of each citizen.
hesitate (V) – hesitation (N) (ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠା )
I have no hesitation in doing my homework.
profess (V) – profession (N) (ବୃଭି) )
I am a teacher by profession.
occupy (V) – occupation (N) (ବୃଭି)
She was born in France during the German occupation.

(iv) Write the “—ing” forms of the following verbs:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକର “−ing” ରୂପ ଲେଖ ।)
decide. make, occupy, part, begin, gamble, sap, promise, forget, study, provide

Verb	-ing form	Verb	-ing form
decide	deciding	make	making
occupy	occupying	part	parting
begin	beginning	gamble	gambling
sap	sapping	promise	promising
forget	forgetting	study	studying
provide	providing

J. Let’s Learn Language:

(a) Although / Though
Both the words ‘although’ and ‘though’ can be used as conjunctions. They are used to join two contrasting statements.
(ଉଭୟ ଶବ୍ଦ although ଏବଂ though ସଂଯୋଜକ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇପାରିବେ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୁଇଟି ବିରୋଧୀ ଉକ୍ତିକୁ ଯୋଗ କରିବାରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି ।)
Example — Although he is leaving school, he will not forget his school days.
We can now break the above sentence and make two independent sentences.
( ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଆମେ ଉପରିସ୍ଥ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପାରିବା ଓ ଦୁଇଟି ସ୍ଵାଧୀନ ବାକ୍ୟ ତିଆରି କରିପାରିବା ।)
(i) He is leaving school.
(ii) He will not forget his school days.

Combine the following sentences using I although.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ though / although ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଯୋଗ କର ।)
(i) My bicycle is very old. It will run well.
(ii) It was raining heavily. I went out without a raincoat.
(iii) The man is poor. He is happy.
(iv) He went on running. He was tired.
(y) The bus was overloaded. We were able to find seats.
(vi) My granny is eighty. She still likes singing devotional songs.
(vii) Bubli has a scoty. She often goes to school on foot.
(viii) They are sisters. They never talk to each other.
(ix) Jyotishree invited me cordially. I did not attend her birthday.
(x) The boy looks weak. He is really very strong.
Answer:
(i) Although/Though my bicycle is very old, it will run well.
(ii) Although/Though it was raining heavily, I went out without a raincoat.
(iii) Although/Though the man is poor, he is happy.
(iv) Although/Though he was tired, he went on running.
(v) Although/Though the bus was overloaded, we were able to find seats.
(vi) Although/Though my granny is eighty. she still likes singing devotional songs.
(vii) Although/Though BubLi has a story, she often goes to school on foot.
(viii) Although/Though they are sisters, they never talk to each other.
(ix) Although/Though Jyotishree invited me cordially, I did not attend her birthday.
(x) Although/Though the boy looks weak, he is really very strong.

(b) Imperative Sentences
Look at the sentences below ; (ନିମ୍ନରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର)
(a) Avoid anything that will sap your health.
(b) Make provision for hard times.
(c) Be a credit to your family.
In the above sentences the subject ‘you’ is not mentioned. These sentences express an order, a request, advice, a command, a warning, or a suggestion.
(ଉପରିଲିଖ୍ ବାକଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ କର୍ତ୍ତା (subject) – ‘you’ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏକ ଆଦେଶ (order) ଅନୁରୋଧ (request), ଉପଦେଶ (advice),
ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ (command), ଚେତାବନୀ (warning), ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ (suggestion), ଇତ୍ୟାଦିକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥାଏ ।)
In the imperative sentences (ଆଦେଶସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ )

the subject ‘you’ is usually no expressed. (ସାଧାରଣତଃ କର୍ତ୍ତା ‘you ପ୍ରକାଶ ହୋଇ ନ ଥାଏ ।)
the sentence can be made negative. (ବାକ୍ୟକୁ ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ କରାଯାଇପାରେ ।)
there is no change in tense, aspect, voice, modality.

(ଏଥରେ) tense (କାଳ) aspect. voice (ବାଚ୍ୟ) modalityର କୌଣସି ପରବତ୍ତନ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।

Turn the following statements into imperatives.
( ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ଉକ୍ତଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଆଦେଶସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କର ।)
1. I want you to go ahead.
Answer: Go ahead.
2. I want you to get up early in the morning.
3. The commander ordered the soldiers to march forward.
4. The doctor advised him to take this medicine after food.
5. The watchman warned you to beware of the dog.
Answer:
2. Get up early in the morning.
3. March forward.
4. Take this medicine after food.
5. Beware of the dog.

K. Let’s Write:

The class is divided into groups, each group consisting of four or five students. The following areas are distributed among the groups. Each group is asked to prepare notes on the area given by making an in-depth analysis of the relevant portion of the text. They may also provide additional information from their experiences.
ଶ୍ରେଣୀକୁ ଦଳରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଉ, ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦଳରେ ଚାରି ବା ପାଞ୍ଚ ଜଣ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ । ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ପରସରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦଳ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବଣ୍ଟାଯାଉ । ପାଠ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ ପ୍ରାସଙ୍ଗିକ ବିଷୟର ପୂର୍ଣାଙ୍ଗ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କରି ଟିପ୍‌ପଣୀ ଲେଖିବାକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦଳକୁ କୁହାଯାଉ । ସେମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଅନୁଭୂତିରୁ ଅଧ୍ଵ ତଥ୍ୟ ଦେଇପାରିବେ । )
Each group is expected to develop a write-up on the basis of the notes.
(ଟିପ୍‌ପଣୀ ଆଧାରରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦଳ ପୂର୍ଣ ବିବରଣ ଲେଖୁବାକୁ ଆଶା କରାଯାଉ ।)
Each group presents its note and write-up before the class.
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦଳ ତାଙ୍କର ଟିପ୍‌ପଣୀ ଓ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣାଙ୍ଗ ବିବରଣ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଉପସ୍ଥାପନ କରନ୍ତୁ ।)
Areas : (ପରିସର)
Choosing a profession (ଏକ ବୃତ୍ତି ବାଛିବା)
Good health (ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ)
Sound character (ଉତ୍ତମ ଚରିତ୍ର)
Use of leisure hours (ଅବସର ସମୟର ବ୍ୟବହାର)
(Teacher may facilitate the activity.) (ଶିକ୍ଷକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସାଧନରେ ସହାୟତା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

1. Choosing a profession
Choosing a profession is a knotty problem that worries young men as they near the conclusion of their school education. Of course, some of them follow the caste occupation! the profession of their fathers. Everybody will have to choose a profession in life. He must be very careful while choosing a profession. He must take up such a profession that has in it the promise of an interesting and happy future. He should not follow such a profession which will lead him nowhere. He should adopt his, liking profession so that he will prosper in his life. In case of any doubt, he should take the advice of his elders and teachers. He shouldn’t follow any profession under pressure. Otherwise, he will be unhappy in his future life.

2. Good health
Everybody desires to keep good health, but everybody can’t maintain it. Good health has a lot of advantages. It can be supported by cleanliness, regular exercise, and fresh air. good habits and suitable recreations. We have to avoid certain things like smoking and drinking which are barriers to keeping good health. We can keep good health through our healthy habits only. An unhealthy man can’t enjoy his life. Life becomes a burden to him. However, with a sound mind in a sound body, one can enjoy his life and can achieve real success in life.

3. Sound character
It is rightly said that “when wealth is lost nothing is lost, when health is lost something is lost, but when a character is lost everything is lost.” So one should safeguard his character with utmost care. Because it is an invaluable possession. No one can buy it. It can be restored if somebody avoids certain things like gambling, smoking, and drinking. Everybody should be conscious to keep it untarnished. In order to possess a sound character, one should be truthful in all things. considerate to everybody, fair to the rivals, kind and helpful to the weak and the suffering and have the courage to stand up for what is good, pure, and noble.

4. Use of leisure hours
Everybody gets leisure hours in life. We shouldn’t idle away our leisure hours. We should make the best use of it with interesting hobbies like composing poems or drawing pictures. We can also utilize it by reading good books which are helpful to us or which can enable us to be good men. We can enjoy the beautiful nature around us during our leisure hours. We can also render social services or make good friends during our leisure hours. Hence, we should use our leisure hours in such a way that either it would be productive or would do something good for life.

L. Let’s Know More:

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
advice	advise	advisable	–
avoidance	avoid	avoidable	avoidably
association	associate	associate	–
confidénce	–	confident	confidently
continuation	continue	continuous	continuously
consideration	considerate	considerable	considerately
calculation	calculate	calculated	–
cloud	cloud	cloudy	–
dependence	depend	dependable	dependably
efficiency	–	efficient	efficiently
provision	provide	provisional	provisionally
success	succeed	successful	successfully
regularity	regularize	regular	regularly
occupation	occùpy	occupant	–
loyalty	–	loyal	loyally
cleanliness	clean	clean	cleanly
hesitation	hesitate	hesitant	hesitantly
recreation	recreate	recreational	–

B. A single word for the group of words:
(i) health and happiness of the people – welfare
(ii) having ambition – ambitious
(iii) to obtain something – achieve
(iv) about a profession or a job of a person – professional
(y) to prevent something or somebody from growing properly – stunt
(vi) too valuable to have a price – priceless
(vii) the quality of being loyal – loyalty
(viii) to weaken someone’s strength slowly – cloud
(ix) quality of being efficient – efficiently
(x) something that a person has been doing for a long time – a habit

C. Opposite words (antonyms) of the following words.
best – worst
continue – discontinue
success – failure
succeed – fail
possible – impossible
liking – disliking
fresh – stale
enemy – friend
courteous – discourteous
kind – unkind, cruel
suitable – unsuitable
secure – insecure, precarious
mean – generous, honorable
grace – cruelty
credit – discredit
always – never
conserve – waste
courteous – impolite, discourteous
ambitious – aimless, lazy
finish – begin, start
secure – tose
avoid – confront
interesting – boring
fit – unfit
strong – weak
large – small
real – unreal
regular – irregular
courage – cowardice
considerate – unkind, selfish
sound – unsound, unhealthy, unfit
high – low
efficiency – inefficiency
pure – impure
health – disease
loyalty – disloyalty

BSE Odisha 10th Class English School’s Goodbye Important Questions and Answers

Vert Short A Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the essay ‘School’s Goodbye’?
Answer:
Lord Eustace Percy

Question 2.
To whom does he convey this message to?
Answer:
to the school leavers

Question 3.
Who was Lord Eustace Percy?
Answer:
a former Minister of Education in Britain

Question 4.
What does he send to the school leavers?
Answer:
a message of future welfare

Question 5.
What do you mean by welfare?
Answer:
the health and happiness of people

Question 6.
What is not easily secured?
Answer:
success in life

Question 7.
Why should we work hard and continue learning?
Answer:
to achieve success

Question 8.
What should be chosen with the greatest care?
Answer:
a trade or profession

Question 9.
How long does a job last if you are forced to take it?
Answer:
for a short time

Question 10.
Who should you seek advice from if you are in doubt as to the choice of the profession?
Answer:
one of the teachers

Question 11.
What does success in life largely depend on?
Answer:
good health

Question 12.
What do you mean by the expression ‘to play the game’?
Answer:
to act fairly and honorably

Question 13.
What do you mean by ‘sap’?
Answer:
gradually weaken

Question 14.
What do you mean by ‘stunt’?
Answer:
to prevent something in somebody from growing properly

Question 15.
What clouds the brain?
Answer:
smoking

Question 16.
What should be avoided to keep good healthy?
Answer:
smoking and drinking

Question 17.
What is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency?
Answer:
drinking

Question I8.
What should we keep untarnished?
Answer:
our character

Question 19.
What do you mean by ‘untarnished’?
Answer:
free from/without any black spot

Question 20.
What should be avoided in every form?
Answer:
gambling

Question 21.
What is gambling?
Answer:
ameangame

Question 22.
What should we make for hard times?
Answer:
provisions

Question 23.
What should we avoid in our leisure hours?
Answer:
idling

Question 24.
To whom should we be fair?
Answer:
to our rivals

Fill In The Blanks With Right Words.

1. The topic ‘School’s Goodbye’ is written by ___________.
Answer:
Lord Eustace Percy

2. Lord Eustace Percy desires to send his best wishes for the students’ __________.
Answer:
welfare

3. L. Eustace Percy was addressing the students of year ___________.
Answer:
final

4. 1f you are ambitious to succeed, you must _________ your education.
Answer:
continue

5. Success in life is not easily __________.
Answer:
secured

6. According to Lord Eustace Percy very soon the students will require to choose __________.
Answer:
a trade or profession

7. Percy advises the students to choose their profession with the ___________.
Answer:
greatest care

8. According to Percy when students say goodbye to their school, it is likely to say goodbye to their __________.
Answer:
family

9. Percy opines the last day at school for the students will be a _____________.
Answer:
sorrowful one

10. School’s Goodbye is a lesson to learn how to face the ___________.
Answer:
challenges in life

11. Success comes to those who work hard and ___________.
Answer:
continue learning

12. Percy advises the students not to hesitate to ask advice from one of their _______ if at any time they are in doubt.
Answer:
teachers

13. Success in life depends largely on __________.
Answer:
good health

14. Lord Eustace Percy advises the school leavers to keep their body ___________.
Answer:
fit

15. By cleanliness, fresh air, regular habits, and suitable recreations one can make himself strong to __________.
Answer:
play the game

16. Avoid anything that will your __________ health.
Answer:
sap

17. Smoking in one’s youth _________ the body.
Answer:
stunts

18. Smoking the _________ brain.
Answer:
clouds

19. One should be _______ in all things.
Answer:
temperate

20. According to Lord Eustace Percy we should beware of _________.
Answer:
drinking

21. _______ is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.
Answer:
Drinking

22. _______ is a priceless possession of man.
Answer:
Charácter

23. Keep your character __________.
Answer:
untarnished

24. According to Lord Eustace Percy we should be fair to our ___________.
Answer:
rivals

25. We should be kind and helpful to all who are ___________.
Answer:
weak and suffering

26. Avoid _________ in every form.
Answer:
gambling

27. __________ is a mean game.
Answer:
Gambling

28. Gambling is a mean game trying to get something for nothing and at ___________.
Answer:
somebody’s cost

29. Make provision for ___________.
Answer:
hard times

30. In our leisure hours we should avoid ___________.
Answer:
mere idling

31. __________ you will be known by the company you keep.
Answer:
To a large extent

32. We should be __________ to the duties of our nation and its high ideals.
Answer:
loyal

33. By __________ we should be a credit to our family.
Answer:
God’s grace

34. The essay ‘School’s Goodbye’ conveys a __________ to school children.
Answer:
message

35. L. E. Percy was the former __________ of Britain.
Answer:
Education Minister

36. __________ are the real audience in the essay ‘School’s Goodbye’.
Answer:
The students

37. The synonym of ‘temperate’ is ____________.
Answer:
moderate

38. The antonym of cloud is ___________.
Answer:
clear

39. Hard time means ___________.
Answer:
difficult period of the future

40. A person is known by the _________ he keeps.
Answer:
company

41. __________ should be avoided to remain healthy.
Answer:
Smoking and drinking

42. One should avoid any _________ that leads nowhere.
Answer:
profession

43. Success comes to those who __________.
Answer:
work hard

44. The students are _________ school where they have spent so many years.
Answer:
parting from

45. __________ can damage one’s mental health;
Answer:
Smoking

46. One should make _________ for hard times.
Answer:
provision

47. A sound __________ rests in a sound body.
Answer:
mind

48. A hobby, amusement, game, or pastime is called ___________.
Answer:
recreation

49. If you are forced to take a, it will last for a short time __________.
Answer:
job

50. Gambling is a game _________.
Answer:
mean

Multiple Questions With Answers Choice
Pick out the correct alternative.

Question 1.
Does the writer desire to send his best wishes to the ___________?
(A) teachers
(B) students
(C) ministers
(D) officers
Answer:
(B) students

Question 2.
Does he want to send his best wishes for their future ___________?
(A) welfare
(B) health
(C) wealth
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(A) welfare

Question 3.
Success in life is not easily __________?
(A) maintained
(B) secured
(C) achieved
(D) earned
Answer:
(B) secured

Question 4.
Does success come to those who work hard and continue __________?
(A) working
(B) reading
(C) learning.
(D) noneoftheabove
Answer:
(C) learning.

Question 5.
What should one choose with the greatest care?
(A) friendship
(B) companionship
(C) trade or profession
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) trade or profession

Question 6.
One should avoid any _________ that leads no where?
(A) profession
(B) communication
(C) occupation
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) occupation

Question 7.
What should one always aim at ________?
(A) work that has a happy future
(B) trade that leads nowhere
(C) a profession that is difficult to get
(D) all of these
Answer:
(A) work that has a happy future

Question 8.
If you are forced to take it will last for a short time?
(A) work
(B) occupation
(C) a job
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) a job

Question 9.
You should not hesitate to ask the advice of your _____________?
(A) friend
(B) neighbor
(C) teacher
(D) doctor
Answer:
(C) a job

Question 10.
Lord Eustace Percy was a _________?
(A) teacher
(B) reporter
(C) Minister
(D) politician
Answer:
(C) a job

Question 11.
The prose ‘School’s Goodbye’ conveys a message to __________?
(A) the minister
(B) students
(C) teachers
(D) politicians
Answer:
(B) students

Question 12.
Which of the following is not necessary to keep your body fit?
(A) cleanliness
(B) fresh air
(C) regular habit
(D) discipline in life
Answer:
(D) discipline in life

Question 13.
The term ‘sap’ means _________?
(A) gradually strengthen
(B) gradually weaken
(C) stops growing
(D) prevents increasing
Answer:
(B) gradually weaken

Question 14.
The term ‘stunt’ means __________?
(A) prevent from growing
(B) helps to grow
(C) prevent spoiling
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) prevent from growing

Question 15.
‘beware of’ means __________?
(A) be cheerful
(B) be successful
(C) be merciful
(D) be careful
Answer:
(D) be careful

Question 16.
Smoking in youth stunts the ___________?
(A) body
(B) mind
(C) health
(D) limbs.
Answer:
(A) body

Question 17.
Smoking in your youth clouds one’s ____________?
(A) head
(B) brain
(C) efficiency
(D) health
Answer:
(B) brain

Question 18.
What is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency?
(A) smoking
(B) drinking
(C) gambling
(D) reading books
Answer:
(B) drinking

Question 19.
What, according to the author, is a priceless possession of man?
(A) health
(B) wealth
(C) cleanliness
(D) character
Answer:
(D) character

Question 20.
One should be fair to one’s _________?
(A) teacher
(B) friend
(C) rival
(D) stranger
Answer:
(C) rival

Question 21.
One should stand up for what is good, pure, and ___________?
(A) night
(B) bright
(C) sight
(D) noble
Answer:
(D) noble

Question 22.
Is gambling a _____________ game?
(A) good
(B) healthy
(C) mean
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) mean

Question 23.
Make provision for hard __________?
(A) days
(B) times
(C) years
(D) months
Answer:
(B) times

Question 24.
Fill your leisure hours with hobbies. good books and with ___________?
(A) reading good books
(B) making companionship.
(C) interesting hobbies
(D) all of these
Answer:
(D) all of these

Question 25.
You will be known by the _________ you keep?
(A) teacher
(B) companion
(C) company
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) company

VOCABULARY
Do As Directed

1. Above all remember that your character is a priceless possession. The underlined expression means __________.
Answer:
Most importantly

2. Lord Percy suggests to beware of drink. The underlined expression means ___________.
Answer:
be careful

3. Success in life depends largely on good health. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
mainly

4. Be temperate in all things. The underlined word means _________.
Answer:
self-control

5. Lord Percy advised being fair to our rivals. The underlined word means ___________.
Answer:
honest

6. Add -ing to ‘begin’__________.
Answer:
beginning

7. We should keep our reputation free from black spots. (Substitute a single word for the underlined part)
Answer:
untarnished

8. A man is judged by the friends he keeps. (Substitute a single word for the underlined word)
Answer:
company

9. You have to work hard in order to achieve the desired aim. (Substitute a single word for the underlined part)
Answer:
succeed

10. He was praised for his well-behaved manners. (Substitute a single word for the underlined part)
Answer:
courteous

11. Government thinks of the health and happiness of the people. (Substitute a single word for the underlined part)
Answer:
welfare

12. He is an associate of arts. Here the word ‘associate’ has been used as ___________.
Answer:
a noun

13. We should have _________ to our duties. (Fill in the blank with a word related to ‘loyal’)
Answer:
loyalty

14. It is _________ of you not to thank him. (Fill in the blank with a word opposite to ‘courteous’)
Answer:
discourteous

15. E. Percy suggests avoiding anything that will Sap our body. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
gradually weakens

16. Be truthful in all things and considerate to everybody. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
unselfish

17. Smoking in your youth stunts the body. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
prevents growing properly

18. Smoking clouds the brain. The underlined word means ____________.
Answer:
make uncertain

19. If you are actively seeking success, you must work hard. A single word for the underlined portion will be ___________.
Answer:
ambitious

20. Make provision for hard times. The underlined expression means __________.
Answer:
preparation

21. Drink is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency. The underlined word means __________.
Answer:
proficiency

Subjective Questions With Answers
Answer the following question in about 50 words

Question 1.
What according to Lord Percy, should the students do to build their character?
Answer:
According to Lord Eustace Percy, the priceless possession of a person is his character. In order to build character, the students have to be truthful in all things, considerate Lo everybody and fair to their rivals, one should be kind and helpful to all who are weak and suffering. They shouldn’t be afraid to have the courage to stand for what is good, pure, and noble. Gambling in every form should be avoided.

Question 2.
How, according to Lord Eustace Percy, should students spend their leisure hours?
Answer:
The students should spend their leisure hours avoiding idling. They should not waste their leisure in idleness. They should fill their leisure hours with interesting hobbies, reading good books, with companionships and associations which exercise over them an influence for good. Above all they should. avoid keeping bad company because a man is known by the company he keeps.

Question 3.
What does Lord Eustace Percy advise students on choosing a profession?
Answer:
According to Lord Percy, students should choose their profession with the greatest care. They should avoid any profession that leads nowhere. A profession that is interesting and has a happy future should be chosen. They should aim at such a profession that would bring success in the future.

Question 4.
What does Lord Eustace Percy advise the students to do for keeping good health?
Answer:
According to Lord Eustace Percy, success in life depends largely on good health. He, therefore, advises the students to keep their bodies fit through cleanliness, fresh air, regular habits, and suitable recreation. He also tips them to play games and sports to make them fit and fine. Percy warns them to avoid smoking and drinking. Because smoking in one’s youth stunts the body and clouds the brain. Drinking is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.

Question 5.
How can the students, according to Lord Eustace Percy, keep their character sound and strong? Or, What according to Lord Percy, should the students do to build their character?
Answer:
According to Lord Eustace Percy, the priceless possession of a person is his character. In order to build character, the students have to be truthful in all things, considerate to everybody, and fair to their rivals, one should be kind and helpful to all who are weak and suffering. They shouldn’t be afraid to have the courage to stand for what is good, pure, and noble. Gambling in every form should be avoided.

Question 6.
How, according to Lord Eustace Percy, one can achieve success in life?
Answer:
According to Lord Eustace Percy, it is not easy to achieve success in life. One can achieve success in life solely if he/she possesses a sound mind in a sound body, a good character, courteous manners, and loyalty to the duties of his / her nation and its high ideals.

Question 7.
What should we do to obtain and maintain success in life?
Answer:
According to Lord Percy, success in life largely depends on sound health and good character. In order to obtain and maintain success in life we should keep our body fit. Good health helps us to live happy life and achieve success in life. We should follow the habits like cleanliness, fresh air, and regular habits. We should possess good courteous manners and have loyalty to the duties of our nation and its high ideals.

Question 8.
How can we achieve real success in life?
Answer:
To be a real success in life it is necessary to develop certain qualities and to avoid certain others. One should develop some good qualities like sound health, good character, polite manners, punctuality, and dutifulness. One should avoid certain bad qualities such as gambling, smoking, and drinking. We should avoid anything that will sap our health. Smoking in our youth stunts the body and clouds the brain. Drinking and smoking are the deadly enemies of health and efficiency.

Question 9.
What are the harmful effects of smoking and drinking?
Answer:
Smoking is no doubt injurious to health. It stunts the body and clouds the brain. It is harmful to both our body and mind. Drinking is extremely harmful to health. It ruins health and reduces efficiency. So it is called the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.

Question 10.
What is the priceless possession of an individual?
Answer:
Character is the priceless possession of an individual. There is an old saying, “When money ¡s lost, nothing is lost: when health is lost something is lost, but when a character is lost, everything is lost.” So we have to protect and keep it free from any black spot.

Question 11.
Why ¡s character a priceless possession of a human being?
Answer:
Undoubtedly one can say that character is a priceless possession of each and every individual. Character makes one truthful in all things, considerate to everybody, kind, and helpful to suffering. It makes him courageous to support good, pure, and noble things. So it is a priceless possession of a human being.

Question 12.
What is Lord Percy’s advice to those who are forced to take a job?
Answer:
Lord Percy says that students should choose a trade with care. If they are forced to take a job, it lasts for a very short time. Instead, they should try to get another one as soon as possible. They should aim at a trade or profession which is interesting and will bring them a happy future. If they are in doubt about making the selection, they should not hesitate to ask advice from one of their teachers.

Question 13.
What is Lord Eustace Percy’s advice to the school leavers?
Answer:
Lord Eustace Percy, the former Education Minister of the U.K., sends his message to the outgoing students. He sends his best wishes for their future welfare. He speaks about their future life and advises them not to forget their school. They should not think that their education is finished after leaving school. He tells them to work hard and continue their learning to achieve success in life.

Question 14.
What is Lord Eustace Percy’s advice to the school leavers?
Answer:
Lord Eustace Percy, the former Education Minister of the United Kingdom, delivers his speech to the outgoing students of the school. He gives the students his best wishes for their future welfare. He speaks about their future life and advises them not to forget their school where they have spent many years. After leaving school, they should not think that their education is finished. He tells them to work hard and continue their learning to achieve greater success in life.

Question 15.
How can the students spend their leisure hours?
Answer:
The students should spend their leisure hours avoiding idling. They should not waste their leisure in idleness. They should fill their leisure hours with interesting hobbies, reading good books, with companionships and associations which exercise over them an influence for good. Above all, they should avoid keeping bad company because a man is known by the company he keeps.

School’s Goodbye Summary in English

Lead-In
Generally, children enjoy their school life. Particularly they enjoy their final year of schooling to a great extent. This is the final year for you in school. After the test examination, you will leave school forever. The familiar attachment with the school-mates and teachers will definitely come to an end and you will surely feel sorry for it. But your education will not end here. It will continue even if you leave school. Here the author advises how to prepare oneself to face the challenges in life after school life.

ଉପକ୍ରମ :
ସାଧାରଣତଃ ପିଲାମାନେ ସ୍କୁଲ ଜୀବନକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି । ବିଶେଷକରି ସ୍କୁଲର ଶେଷ ବର୍ଷଟିକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ବେଶି ଉପଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି । ସ୍କୁଲରେ ତୁମ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ହେଉଛି ଶେଷ ବର୍ଷ । ନିର୍ବାଚନୀ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପରେ ତୁମେ ସବୁଦିନ ପାଇଁ ସ୍କୁଲ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବ । ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଓ ସ୍କୁଲସାଥୀମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରିୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କର ପରିସମାପ୍ତି ଘଟିବ ଓ ତୁମେ ଏଥପାଇଁ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ଦୁଃଖ ଅନୁଭବ କରିବ । ହେଲେ ତୁମର ଶିକ୍ଷାର ପରିସମାପ୍ତି ଏଠାରେ ଘଟିବ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ସ୍କୁଲ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହା ଚାଲୁ ରହିବ । ଏଠାରେ ଲେଖକ, ସ୍କୁଲ ଜୀବନ ପରେ ଜୀବନରେ ଆସୁଥ‌ିବା ଅସୁବିଧାଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାକୁ ଜଣେ ନିଜକୁ କିପରି ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିବ ସେ ବିଷୟରେ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଉଛନ୍ତି ।

Paragraphs wise Explanation:

Para:
You are now about to leave school and before you go we desire to send you our best wishes for your future welfare.

ଅନୁବାଦ:
ତୁମେମାନେ ଏବେ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛ ଏବଂ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ଯିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଆମେ ତୁମର ମଙ୍ଗଳମୟ ସୁଖୀ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ପାଇଁ ଶୁଭେଚ୍ଛା ଜଣାଇବାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁଛୁ ।

Para: Although you are parting from school in which you have spent so many years, we hope you will not forget it and think that your education is finished. In whatever trade or profession you desire to follow, you will soon find that, if you are ambitious to \ succeed in it, you must continue your education.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଯଦିଓ ତୁମେମାନେ ଅନେକ ବର୍ଷ ଅତିବାହିତ କରିଥିବା ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରୁ ବିଦାୟ ନେଉଛ, ଆମେ ଆଶା କରୁଛୁ, ତୁମେମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ଭୁଲିବ ନାହିଁ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷା ସମାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି ବୋଲି ଭାବିବ ନାହିଁ । ତୁମେ ଯେକୌଣସି ବେପାର ବା ବୃତ୍ତି ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଛ, ତୁମେ ତାହା ଯଥାଶୀଘ୍ର ପାଇଯିବ, ଯଦି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ସଫଳ ହେବାକୁ ଉଚ୍ଚାଭିଳାଷ ରଖୁ, ତେବେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ତୁମକୁ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଚାଲୁ ରଖିବାକୁ ହେବ ।

Para: Success in life is not easily secured; it only comes to those who work hard and continue learning.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୀବନରେ ସଫଳତା ସହଜରେ ମିଳେ ନାହିଁ; ଏହା କେବଳ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସେ ଯେଉଁମାନେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରନ୍ତି ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷାଗ୍ରହଣ ଚାଲୁ ରଖନ୍ତି ।

Para: Very soon you will require to choose a trade or profession. Choose with the greatest care and avoid as far as you can any occupation that leads nowhere. Aim rather at work that has in it the promise of an interesting and happy future and if at first you are forced to take a job that can only last for a short time, try to get one, as soon as possible, that is to your liking. If at any time you are in doubt as to the choice you should make, do not hesitate to ask advice from one of your teachers.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ତୁମକୁ କୌଣସି ଏକ ବେପାର କିମ୍ବା ବୃତ୍ତି ଚୟନ କରିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ପଡ଼ିବ । ଏହାକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ସତର୍କତାର ସହିତ ଚୟନ କର ଏବଂ ସେଭଳି ବୃତ୍ତିକୁ ଯଥାସମ୍ଭବ ପରିହାର କର, ଯାହାକି ତୁମକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟସ୍ଥଳରେ ପହଞ୍ଚାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ । ବରଂ ଏକ ଏଭଳି ବୃତ୍ତି ଉପରେ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ରଖ ଯେଉଁଥ‌ିରେ ଆନନ୍ଦମୟ ଓ ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ଵଳ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ନିହିତ ଥ‌ିବ; ଏବଂ ଯଦି ତୁମେ ପ୍ରଥମେ କୌଣସି ଚାକିରି ଆପଣେଇବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ ହୋଇଛି ଯାହାକି ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ଦିନ ରହିପାରିବ, ତେବେ ଯଥାଶୀଗ୍ର ତୁମ ପସନ୍ଦ ଅନୁସାରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ବୃତ୍ତି ଗ୍ରହଣ କର । ବୃତ୍ତି ଚୟନ କରିବାରେ ଯଦି କୌଣସି ସମୟରେ ବୃତ୍ତି ଗ୍ରହଣ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସନ୍ଦେହ ଉପୁଜେ, ତେବେ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ନିମନ୍ତେ ପଚାରିବାକୁ କୁଣ୍ଠାବୋଧ କର ନାହିଁ ।

Para: Success in life depends largely on good health. Keep your body fit, and by cleanliness, fresh air, regular habits, and suitable recreations, make yourself strong to play the game, and to do it in every sense of the word. Avoid anything that will sap your health. Smoking in your youth stunts the body, and clouds the brain. Be temperate in all things, and beware of drink. It is the deadly enemy of health and efficiency.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଜୀବନରେ ସଫଳତା ବହୁ ପରିମାଣରେ ଉତ୍ତମ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ । ଶରୀରକୁ ସୁସ୍ଥ ରଖ ଏବଂ ପରିଷ୍କାର ପରିଚ୍ଛନ୍ନତା, ଶୁଦ୍ଧ ବାୟୁ, ନିୟମିତ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ଓ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଚିତ୍ତ ବିନୋଦନଦ୍ୱାରା ଖେଳ ଖେଳିବା ପାଇଁ ନିଜକୁ ବଳିଷ୍ଠ କର, ଏବଂ ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଠିକ୍‌ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଅନୁସାରେ କର । ଶରୀରକୁ ଦୁର୍ବଳ କରି ପକାଉଥବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଜିନିଷକୁ ପରିହାର କର । ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥାରେ ଧୂମପାନ ତୁମ ଶରୀର ବୃଦ୍ଧିରେ ବାଧା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବ ଏବଂ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବଗ୍ରସ୍ତ କରିଦେବ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବିଷୟରେ ସଂଯତ ରୁହ ଏବଂ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ପ୍ରତି ସାବଧାନ ରୁହ । ଏହା ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଓ ଦକ୍ଷତାର ଚରମ ଶତ୍ରୁ ଅଟେ ।

Para: Above all remember that your character is a priceless possession. Keep it therefore untarnished. Be truthful in all things, considerate to everybody, fair to your rival, kind and helpful to all who are weak and suffering, and do not be afraid to have the courage to stand up for what is good, pure, and noble. Avoid gambling in every form; it is a mean game trying to get something for nothing and at somebody’s cost.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସର୍ବୋପରି ମନେରଖ ଯେ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ଚରିତ୍ର ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପଦ । ଏଣୁ ଏହାକୁ କଳଙ୍କମୁକ୍ତ ରଖ । ସବୁ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସତ୍ୟବାଦୀ ହୁଅ, ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ବିଚାରଶୀଳ ହୁଅ, ପ୍ରତିଦ୍ବନ୍ଦୀଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ନିରପେକ୍ଷ ହୁଅ, ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଓ ଦୁଃସ୍ଥମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ହୁଅ, ଏବଂ ଯାହା ଉତ୍ତମ, ଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଓ ମହତ୍ତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ତାହାର ପକ୍ଷ ସମର୍ଥନ କରିବାକୁ ଭୟ କର ନାହିଁ । ଯେକୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାର ଜୁଆଖେଳଠାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହ, ବିନା ବିନିଯୋଗରେ ଅନ୍ୟର ମୂଲ୍ୟରେ କିଛି ଲାଭ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରାଯାଉଥିବାରୁ ଏହା ଏକ ନୀଚ ଖେଳ ଅଟେ ।

Para: Make provision for hard times. In your leisure hours, avoid mere idling. Fill such hours with interesting hobbies good books, companionships, and associations calculated to exercise over your influences for good. To a large extent, you will be known by the company you keep.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଦୁଃସମୟ/ଦୁଦ୍ଦିନ ପାଇଁ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଯୋଜନା କର । ତୁମମାନଙ୍କର ଅବସର ସମୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଆଳସ୍ୟ ପରିହାର କର । ଆନନ୍ଦଦାୟକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ, ଉତ୍ତମ ପୁସ୍ତକ ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗସାଥୀ ମେଳରେ ସେହି ସମୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଉପଯୋଗ କର ଏବଂ ସ୍ଥିରୀକୃତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ସହ ଜଡ଼ିତ ରହିଲେ ତୁମ ଉପରେ ସୁପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼ିବ । ବହୁମାତ୍ରାରେ ତୁମେ ରଖୁଥ‌ିବା ବନ୍ଧୁବର୍ଗଙ୍କଦ୍ବାରା ତୁମେ ପରିଚିତ ହେବ ।

Para: With a sound mind in a sound body, a good character, courteous manners, and loyalty to the duties of your nation and its high ideals, you will, by God’s grace, be a credit to your family, a good citizen, and in your whole life, a real success.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସୁସ୍ଥ ଶରୀରରେ ସୁସ୍ଥ ମନ, ଉତ୍ତମ ଚରିତ୍ର, ଭଦ୍ର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଏବଂ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ଦେଶ ପାଇ ଥ‌ିବା କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଓ ଏହାର ଉଚ୍ଚାଦର୍ଶ ପ୍ରତି ଆନୁଗତ୍ୟ ରହିଲେ ଈଶ୍ଵରଙ୍କ କୃପାରୁ ତୁମେମାନେ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ପରିବାର ପାଇଁ ଗର୍ବ ଓ ଗୌରବ ତଥା ଜଣେ ସୁନାଗରିକ ହୋଇପାରିବ ଏବଂ ତୁମମାନଙ୍କ ସାରା ଜୀବନ ବାସ୍ତବ ସଫଳତାରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ହେବ ।

C. About The Author
The essayist Lord Eustace Percy was a former Minister of Education in Britain. The essay ‘School’s Goodbye’ is a message conferred by him to the school children on the eve of their departure from school. In this message, he tells students how to become good human beings and citizens in the future.

Word Meaning / Glossary:
are about to leave – are going to leave ( ଛାଡ଼ିବା ଉପରେ)
welfare (N) – the health and happiness of people (ଉତ୍ତର ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଓ ସୁଖ) Government should make provisions for the welfare of the children.
apart from(V) – to leave someone (ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା ) A child never wants to part from its mother.
although – though he is poor, he is happy.
are parting from – leaving (ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଉଛି )
ambitious – actively seeking success, wealth status, etc. (ଉଚ୍ଚାଭିଳାଷୀ ) She is an ambitious lady.
profession (N) – skilled job, a paid occupation (ବୃତ୍ତି)You should choose your profession very carefully.
priceless – too valuable (ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ)
succeed (V) – to achieve the desired aim (ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ହାସଲ କରିବା| ସଫଳତା ଲାଭ କରିବା) You can’t succeed unless you work hard.
education (N) – a process of educating or being educated
secure (V) – to obtain something (ହାସଲ କରିବା/ଲାଭ କରିବା) Success can be secured by hard work.
as far as – to the extent that (ସେହି ପରିମାଣରେ) You should write the simple language as far as practicable.
occupation (N) – profession (ବୃତ୍ତି)
hesitate(V) – reluctant to do something (ଦ୍ୱିଧା କର କରିବା)A student shouldn’t hesitate to seek advice of his elders.
astà(formal) – about, concerning He is very uncertain as to the profession he has to take after schooling.
in doubt(N) – having confusion (ସନ୍ଦେହରେ |)
largely – considerably (ମୋଟାମୋଟି ଭାବେ)
choose – select (ବାଛିବା) He chose a green dress.
idling – wasting time (ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା)
associations – institutions (ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ)
character – all the qualities that one has There is another side to his character.
success (N) – the accomplishment of an aim or purpose
cleanliness (N) – keeping oneself clean (ପରିଚ୍ଛନ୍ନତା) Cleanliness is the habit of keeping clean.
recreation (N) – a hobby, amusement, game or pastime (ଆମୋଦ ପ୍ରମୋଦ, ଚିତ୍ତ ବିନୋଦନ )
saps (V) – gradually weakens ( ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଦୁର୍ବଳ କରିଦେବା) My long illness sapped my strength.
stunt (V) – to prevent something or somebody from growing properly (ଅଭିବୃଦ୍ଧିରେ ବାଧା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା ) Lack of the right food may stunt growth.
avoid (V) – shake off( ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହ )
cloud (V) – to make uncertain or confused Age clouded his memory.
beware of – be careful (ସାବଧାନ ରହିବା) Beware of the dogs.
temperate (Adj) – showing self-restraint
above all – most importantly And above all (ଗୁରୁତର ସର୍ବୋପରି ) remember to send us your comments.
untarnished (N) – free from any black spots Try to keep your reputation untarnished.
considerate (V) – unselfish, giving thought to the happiness and comfort of others. (ବିଚାର ଶୀଳ, ନିଃସ୍ୱାର୍ଥପର ) Our headmaster is not only judicious but also considerate.
rival – competitor ( ପ୍ରତିଦ୍ବହୀ )
stand up for (V) – to defend
provision (N) – arrangement for future requirements
leisure (N) – free time (ଅବସର ସମୟ)
companionship (N) – friendship ( ସାହଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ )
company(N) – friend
loyalty (N) – the quality of being loyal
courteous (Adj) – polite and well-mannered
credit (N) – honor
high ideals (NP) – lofty ideals ( ଉଚ୍ଚ ଆଦଶ ଗୁଣାବଳୀ)
influence (V) – impact My mother has been a great influence on inc.
by God’s grace – by the mercy of God ( ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ କରୁଣା ବଳରେ)
priceless – too valuable to have a price (ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ)
education – teaching people various subjects

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Detailed Text

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 6 Festivals of North-East India

November 8, 2023October 26, 2023 by Bhagya

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class English Solutions Chapter 6 Festivals of North-East India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 6 Festivals of North-East India

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Festivals of North-East India Text Book Questions and Answers

D. Let’s Understand The Text:

Question 1.
What is North-East India?
( ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ କ ଣ?)
Answer.
North-East India is a collective name for the easternmost parts of India.

Question 2.
Which states form North-East India?
( କେଉଁସବୁ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତକୁ ଗଠନ କରିଛି ?)
Answer:
The states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, and Nagaland are from North-East India.

Question 3.
Which states are called the “Land of Seven Sisters”?
(କେଉଁସବୁ ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ ‘‘ସାତ ଭଉଣୀ ଭୂମି’’ କୁହାଯାଏ ?)
Answer:
The contiguous seven states- Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura are called the Land of Seven Sisters.

Question 4.
Why are they called so?
(ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ (ସେସବୁ ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ) ଏଭଳି କୁହାଯାଏ କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
They are called so because of their interdependence on each other.

Question 5.
Why is Sikkim not included among the “Seven Sisters”?
(16 21 1862 ସକିମ୍ ରାଜ୍ୟ କାହିଁକି ସାମିଲ ହୋଇନାହିଁ ?)
Answer:
Sikkim is. not included among the “Seven Sisters” as it is geographically not a contiguous part of the northeast region. It is separated from the northeast by the Siliguri corridor.

Question 6.
What role does it play?
(ଏହା (ସିକିମ୍) କେଉଁ ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଛି ?)
Answer:
It plays the role of being a little brother to these amazing seven sisters.

Question 7.
What is culture?
Answer:
Culture is the appreciation, and understanding of literature (die), art, and music, besides the customs and civilization of a particular group of people.

Question 8.
People here celebrate their festivals with ____________ and ____________?
(ଏଠାର ଏହି ______ଓ______ ରେ ପାଳନ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ।)
Answer:
People here celebrate their festivals with great enthusiasm and joy.

Question 9.
Many of their festivals are based on _____________?
(ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅଧିକାଂଶ ପର୍ବ ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ।).
Answer:
Many of their festivals are based on agriculture.

Question 10.
What are the two important parts of celebrating their festivals?
(6NIAGA ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି ପାଳନ କରିବାର ଦୁଇଟି ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଂଶ କ’ଣ ?)
Ans.
Traditional music and dance are two important parts of celebrating their festivals.

Question 11.
What is the most important festival of Assam?
Answer:
Bihu is the most important festival in Assam.

Question 12.
Bihu festivals are of three kinds. What are they?
Answer:
Bihu festivals are of three kinds. They are Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu and Bhogali Bihu.

Question 13.
Rongali Bihu is also known as __________?
Answer:
Rongali Bihu is also known as Bohag Bihu.

Question 14.
Kongali Bihu is also called __________?
Answer:
Kongali Bihu is also called Karti Bihu.

Question 15.
Do people also name Magh Bihu as __________?
Answer:
People also name Magh Bihu as Bhogali Bihu

Question 16.
When is Rongali Bihu celebrated?
Answer:
Rongali Bihu is celebrated in mid-April with the onset of spring and the beginning of the sowing season.

Question 17.
What does Bohag Bihu celebrate?
Answer:
Bohag Bihu celebrates the start of a New Year in Assam.

Question 18.
When is Kaati Bihu celebrated?
Answer:
Kongali or Kaati Bihu is celebrated in mid-October when the fields are lush
but the barns are empty.

Question 19.
What do people do during Kongali Bihu?
Answer:
During Kongali Bihu, people light lamps and pray to God for a thriving (growing) harvest season and to guide souls to heaven.

Question 20.
When is Magh Bihu celebrated?
Answer:
Magh Bihu is celebrated in Mid-January

Question 21.
Bhogali Bihu marks _______?
Answer:
Bhogali Bihu marks the end of the harvest season.

Question 22.
Which festival is a thanksgiving for a rich harvest?
Answer:
Bhogali Bihu or Magh Bihu is a thanksgiving for a rich harvest.

Question 23.
Bihu celebration is incomplete without _______ and _______?
Answer:
Bihu celebration is incomplete without melodious folk songs and traditional dance.

Question 24.
Which musical instruments are played during the Bihu dance?
Answer:
During Bihu dance musical instruments like cymbals, bamboo clappers, dhol, and the people are played.

Question 25.
Where is Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Arunachal Pradesh lies (21990) farther north in the mountain region of the Himalayas.

Question 26.
Name three festivals that Arunachal Pradesh celebrates.
Answer:
The three festivals that the people of Arunachal Pradesh celebrate are Losar, Mopin and Ziro.

Question 27.
Which is the new-year festival of Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
‘Losar’ is the new-year festival of Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 28.
What do people do on this occasion?
Answer:
On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year.

Question 29.
Which festival is the harvest festival here?
Answer:
Here (in Arunachal Pradesh) the harvest festival is ‘Mopin’.

Question 30.
What do people pray for during Mopin?
Answer:
During Mopin people worship goddess Mopin and pray to drive away evil spirits and to get prosperity and wealth.

Question 31.
Popir dance is performed on the occasion of _______?
Answer:
Popir dance is performed on the occasion of Mopin.

Question 32.
Ziro festival is an indoor/outdoor festival. (Tick the correct word.)
Answer:
Ziro festival is an outdoor festival.

Question 33.
Which festival in Manipur establishes a family bond?
Answer:
Ningol Chakouba festival in Manipur establishes a family bond.

Question 34.
How are the married daughters and their children treated during Ningol Chakouba?
Answer:
During Ningol Chakouba the married daughters and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts.

Question 35.
Which festival celebrates the new year in Manipur? When?
Answer:
The festival Cheiraoba celebrates the new year in Manipur. This festival is celebrated in April.

Question 36.
What do the people of Manipur do during the celebration of Cheiraoba?
Answer:
During the celebration of Cheiraoba the people of Manipur clean and decorate their houses and prepare special festive dishes.

Question 37.
Chapchar Kut is popular in Mizoram as ______?
(A) the Spring festival
(C) the Autumn festival
(B) the Winter festival
(D) the Summer festival
Answer:
(A) the Spring festival

Question 38.
How do the people of Mizoram celebrate Chapchar Kut?
Answer:
The people of Mizoram celebrate the festival Chapchar Kut by wearing traditional dresses and headgear and performing folk dances and singing traditional songs.

Question 39.
Wangala is also known as ______?
Answer:
Wangala is also known as the Hundred-drum Festival.

Question 40.
Where is Wangala celebrated?
Answer:
Wangala is celebrated in the villages of Meghalaya.

Question 41.
Wangala is a harvest festival. What does it mark?
Answer:
Wangala is a harvest festival. It marks the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest.

Question 42.
Describe the dance performed during Wangala.
Answer:
The dance performed during Wangala has features like the beating of drums, blowing horns, and traditional dancing. This dance has two parallel lines- one of the men and the other of women and the lines move forward together in a rhythmic manner while the men beat the drums.

Question 43.
How do the people of Tripura celebrate Karachi Puja? When? Where?
Answer:
The people of Tripura celebrate Karachi Puja by performing the animal sacrifice and worshipping fourteen gods as instructed by Lord Shiva in July in old Agartala or Puran Haveli.

Question 44.
Why do people throng Tripura during the festival?
Answer:
During the festival, people throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

Question 45.
What do the dances during festivals in Tripura showcase?
Answer:
The dances during festivals in Tripura showcase (display) the hunting, food-gathering, and various other activities.

Question 46.
Name two Naga festivals?
Answer:
The two Naga festivals are ‘Moastu’ and ‘Hornbill’.

Question 47.
Describe the Naga dance during the celebration of Moastu?
Answer:
During the celebration of Moastu the villagers of Nagaland dance to the traditional music, dressed in colorful clothes and headgear decorated with feathers and wild boar tusks.

Question 48.
Which Naga festival is famous in India? What for?
Ans.
The Naga festival ‘Hornbill’ is famous in India because it is a 10-day long cultural dance and sporting event which displays the cultural heritage of 16 tribes living in Nagaland.

Question 49.
Which bird is most admired in Nagaland?
Answer:
The ‘Hornbill’ is a most admired bird in Nagaland.

Question 50.
Which Naga festival is named after the bird?
Answer:
The Naga festival ‘HombilT is named after the bird.

Question 51.
What does the event showcase?
Answer:
The event showcases the cultural heritage of 16 tribes living in Nagaland.

Question 52.
Describe the dance by men during the Hornbill festival?
Answer:
During the Hornbill festival, men clothed in full warrior costumes show off their hunting and warring skills.

Question 53.
What helps Nagaland protect and continue its history?
Answer:
Celebration of different festivals helps Nagaland protect and continue its history.

Question 54.
Name four Sikkimese festivals?
Answer:
The four Sikkimese festivals are Saga Dawa, Losoong, Losar, and Tihaar.

Question 55.
Match the festivals under A with their occasions under B.

A	B
a. Losar	festival of light
b. Saga Dawa	harvest festival
c. Tihaar	New Year festival
d. Losing	Buddhist festival

Answer:

A	B
a. Losar	New Year festival
b. Saga Dawa	Dawa Buddhist festival
c. Tihaar	festival of light
d. Losing	harvest festival

Question 56.
What do people do while celebrating Saga Dawa?
Answer:
While celebrating Saga Dawa, the people of Sikkim visit the monasteries, and offer prayers, water, incense sticks, and butter lamps.

Question 57.
How do the Sikkimese celebrate their harvest festival?
Answer:
During their harvest festival Losoong, the people of Sikkim, particularly the locals perform the Chaam dance, wearing brightly colored masks, and playing fascinating musical instruments. Archery contest is also held along with feasting and other celebrations.

Question 58.
When is the Tibetan New Year celebrated?
Answer:
The Tibetan New Year is celebrated in the month of February.

E. Let’s Read Between Beyond / Lines :

1. Many different things make up a society’s culture. These things include:
( ଜିନିଷ ଏକ ସମାଜର ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଗଠନ କରିଥାଏ । ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ କରିଥାଏ )
food arts language ideas
clothing music literature beliefs
tools dance customs religion
_____ ______ ______ _______

Can you add any more to this list? Write in the blank spaces. ( ତୁମେ କୌଣସି ଅବ୍ଲକ ଉପାଦାନ ଯୋଗ କରିପାରିବ କି ? ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନରେ ଲେଖ ।)
Answer:
tradition worship games or sports trade
(ପରମ୍ପରା ) (ଉପାସନା ବା ପୂଜା) (ଖେଳ ବା କ୍ରୀଡ଼ା)

2. What is oral history? Why is it important?
(ମୌଖୁ ଇତିହାସ କ’ଣ ? ଏହା କାହିଁକି ଗୁରୁତ୍ବପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ?)
Answer:
Oral history is the narration of historical events by mouth. It is important since word of mouth existed much earlier before the beginning of written history.

3. Folk songs and traditional dances of Assam have been handed down through many generations. Who passes down these songs and dances? To whom? Why?
(ଆସାମର ଲୋକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଓ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଅନେକ ପିଢ଼ିକୁ (ପିଢ଼ି ପରେ ପିଢ଼ିକୁ) ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତର ହୋଇଛି । କେଉଁମାନେ ଏହି ଗୀତ ଓ ନୃତ୍ୟସମୂହକୁ ହସ୍ତାନ୍ତର କରନ୍ତି ? କେଉଁମାନଙ୍କୁ ? କାହିଁକି ?)
Answer:
The people of Assam are proud of having been blessed with lush greenery and the mighty river Brahmaputra. ‘Bihus’ are among the major festivals of Assam. This dance and song culture of Assam comprises Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu, and Bhogali Bihu. Melodious folk songs and traditional dance add to the flavor of joy and jubilation of these dances. The songs of these festivals have been handed down by the people of Assam to the next generation to uphold them to glorify their proud culture of songs and dance.

4. The festivals of northeast India are based on two significant backgrounds. What are they? (Paragraphs – 1 and 14)
(ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତର ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୁଇ ଗୁରୁତ୍ବପୂର୍ଣ ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?) (ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ – ୧ ଓ ୧୪)
Answer:
The festivals of northeast India are based on two significant backgrounds. All the eight states of this hilly region of India whose lives thrive (live) on melodious songs, music, and dance represent both geographic and administrative backgrounds. Besides they showcase the cultural heritage of the communities.

5. The people of northeastern India live in the lap of nature. Simplicity is the most beautiful ornamentation on them. They are fatalists. They believe there is some force that controls events and guides them- call it God, destiny, or fate. So they worship, pray and thank Him for the life they live. Which sentence states their religious beliefs? (Paragraph-14)

(ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତର ଅଧ‌ିବାସୀମାନେ ପ୍ରକୃତି କୋଳରେ ବାସ କରନ୍ତି । ସରଳତା ହେଉଛି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସବୁଠାରୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଅଳଙ୍କାର ପରିପାଟୀ । ସେମାନେ ଭାଗ୍ୟବାଦୀ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଯେ ପ୍ରକୃତିରେ ଏଭଳି କିଛି ଶକ୍ତି ରହିଛି ଯାହା ଘଟଣାବଳୀକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ କରୁଛି ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ସୁପରିଚାଳିତ କରୁଛି – ସେମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ଈଶ୍ଵର, ଦୈବ ବା ଭାଗ୍ୟ ବୋଲି କହନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ସେମାନେ ବଞ୍ଚୁଥ‌ିବା ଜୀବନ ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଉପାସନା କରନ୍ତି, ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଅର୍ପଣ କରନ୍ତି । କେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟଟି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ବାସକୁ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରିଛି ।) (ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ-୧୪)

Answer:
The sentence “Most of them (these festivals) have a religious importance or significance, as the people offer thanks to the Gods for a good harvest or prosperity, or ask for protection against calamities” states the religious beliefs of the people of Northeastern India. N.B. The sentence that states the religious beliefs of the people of north-eastern India lies in Paragraph- 16, not in Paragraph- 14.)

6. Besides rooting religious beliefs, the festivals help in many other ways. What are they? (Paragraph-16)
(ମୂଳ ଧର୍ମୀୟ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ବ୍ୟତୀତ ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି ଅନେକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିଥାଏ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ?)
Answer:
Besides rooting religious beliefs, the festivals help encourage cultural and artistic activities and bring out the natural talents of the people.

F. Lets Sump Up

The text you read is built up of many ideas. Each idea is described in just one or more than one paragraphs. Match the ideas under ‘A’ with their paragraph number(s) under ‘B\ Write a serial number of each idea in the box against paragraph number(s).
ବା ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହୋଇଛି । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଧାରଣା | ସମୂହର କ୍ରମିକ ସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ କ୍ରମସଂଖ୍ୟା ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵରେ ଥିବା ବାକ୍ସ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଲେଖ

A		B
1. North East India	[ ]	15
2. Festivals of Arunachal Pradesh	[ ]	8
3. Assamese festivals	[ ]	10. 11
4. Festivals of Manipur	[ ]	12, 13, 14
5. Festivals of Meghalaya	[ ]	1, 2
6. Festivals of Mizoram	[ ]	3, 4
7. Festivals of Nagaland	[ ]	5, 6
8. Sikkimese festivals	[ ]	9
9. Festivals of Tripura	[ ]	7

Answer:

A		B
1. North East India	[8]	15
2. Festivals of Arunachal Pradesh	[6]	8
3. Assamese festivals	[9]	10,11
4. Festivals of Manipur	[7]	12,13,14
5. Festivals of Meghalaya	[1]	1,2
6. Festivals of Mizoram	[3]	3,4
7. Festivals of Nagaland	[2]	5,6
8. Sikkimese festivals	[5]	9
9. Festivals of Tripura	[4]	7

G. Let’s Learn Words :

(a) Word Search
While reading a text, we come across some new words or words we are not familiar with. The meaning of such words is available somewhere around the text. Puzzle out the meanings of the words listed in the table below. Use the clues or hints- other words (synonyms, antonyms, examples, expressions, etc.) given in the context to help you understand. Numbers in brackets under column 1 indicate paragraph numbers. Numbers under column 2 show the number of paragraphs where you can get the hints/facts / clues / other words, such as synonyms, antonyms, examples, expressions, etc. Copy and complete the table.
(ଏକ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟ ପଢ଼ିବା ସମୟରେ ଆମେ କେତେକ ପରିଚିତ ନ ଥୁବା ନୂଆ ଶବ୍ଦ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଥାଉ । ଏଭଳି ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟର ଅନ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ ସାରଣୀରେ ତାଲିକାଭୁକ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅର୍ଥ ବାହାର କର । ଏ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ତୁମକୁ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ସୂଚନା – ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦସମୂହ (ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ, ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ, ଉଦାହରଣ, ଭକ୍ତିସମୂହ) ବୁଝିବାରେ ସହାୟକ ହେବ । ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ୧ରେ ବନ୍ଧନୀଭୁକ୍ତ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦର କ୍ରମସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି । ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ୨ରେ ପ୍ରଦତ୍ତ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦର କ୍ରମ ସଂଖ୍ୟାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ତୁମେ ସୂଚନା | ତଥ୍ୟ | ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ, ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ, ଉଦାହରଣ, ଭକ୍ତିସମୂହ ସମ୍ବଳିତ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ)

Words (para no)	Words/clues that helped me. (para no)	What I think the word means.	What the dictionary says.	Put a tick if your meaning is correct, and a X if you are not.
diverse(2)	2
thriving (3, 15)	15
onset(3)	3
prominent(3)	6,8,913
symbolize(3)	11
attire(4)	8,13
get in(4)	8,13
instrument(4)	4
clad(5)	13
costume(9)	8,13
atmosphere(4)	8
hand down(4)	12
showcase(14)	14
significance(16)	16
extensive(15)	8

Answer:

Words (para no.)	Words/clues that helped me. (para no)	What I think the word means.	What the dictionary says.	Put a tick if your meaning is correct, and a x if you are not.
diverse (2)	2	different	different, various	✓
thriving (3, 15)	15	lively	growing	✓
onset(3)	3	start	beginning	✓
prominent (3)	6,8,9,13	most important, major, main	significant, chief, main	✓
symbolize (3)	11	represent	denote, indicate	✓
attire (4)	8,13	headgear	dresses, clothes	x
get in (4)	8,13	enter	wearing	x
instrument (4)	4	tools	tools	✓
clad (5)	13	dressed	dressed or clothed	✓
costume (9)	8,13	principle	dresses or clothes	x
atmosphere (4)	8	air	air	✓
hand down (4)	12	pass down	pass down	✓
showcase (14)	14	rack of books	show off	x
significance (16)	16	importance	importance	✓
extensive (15)	8	mostly	in large amount	✓

(b) Word Use
Read the following sentences and notice the words in italics.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଓ ଛଟା ଅକ୍ଷରରେ ଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)
Hardly a month passes in the seven states wihout a festival or two.
(ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ପର୍ବ ପାଳନ ବିନା ସାତ ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାସ ବି ଯାଏନି ।)
The sentence means:
There is a festival or two in the seven states almost every month.
(ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି : ପ୍ରାୟ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମାସରେ ସାତ ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ପର୍ବ ପାଳିତ ହୁଏ ।

Notice (ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର) :
Hardly is an adverb which is used to mean almost no(t) (gla ନାହିଁ | ନୁହେଁ), almost none (ପ୍ରାୟ କେହି ନାହାନ୍ତି).
This adverb of negation (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ କ୍ରିୟା ବିଶେଷଣ) usually goes with any, ever, at all, or the modals can or could.
(ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ any, ever, at all ବା modal ( ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ କ୍ରିୟା) can ବା could ସହିତ adverb ‘hardly’ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।)

Examples :
There is hardly any tea at home. (any = adjective)
(ଘରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଚାହା ନାହିଁ ।)
She hardly ever goes to the pictures. (ever = adverb)
(ସେ ପ୍ରାୟ ଚଳଚ୍ଚିତ୍ର ଦେଖ୍ ଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ବା କ୍ଵଚିତ୍‌ ଯାଏ ।)
How often does it rain in deserts ?
(ମରୂଭୂମିରେ କେତେ ଥର ବର୍ଷା ହୁଏ ? )
Answer:It hardly rains in deserts. (rains = verb)
(ମରୁଭୂମିରେ କ୍ଵଚିତ୍ (ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ଥର) ବର୍ଷା ହୁଏ ।
I can hardly walk such a long distance. (can walk = verbs)
(ମୁଁ ଏତେ ଦୀର୍ଘ ଦୂରତାକୁ କ୍ଵଚିତ୍ ଚାଲି ଚାଲି ଯାଇପାରିବି ।)
Here the sentence means –
I can walk such a long distance with lots of difficulties.
(ମୁଁ ଖୁବ୍‌ କଷ୍ଟରେ ଏତେ ଦୀର୍ଘ ପଥକୁ ଚାଲି ଯାଇପାରିବି ।)

Wrong (Incorrect)	Right (correct)
hardly no / not	hardly any
hardly nothing	hardly anything
hardly nobody	hardly anybody

Rewrite the sentences using hardly, barely, or scarcely in them.
(ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ‘hardly’, ‘barely’ ବା ‘searcely’ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ପୁନର୍ବାର ଲେଖ ।)

(i) I saw almost none in the darkness.
(ii) The team could not score any goal.
(iii) The beggar has nothing to eat.
(iv) Many cities do very little to check air pollution.
(v) I know her very slightly.
(vi) Working children have almost no chance to enjoy themselves.
(vii) There was almost no sugar in the jar.
(viii) Samita cannot wait for her birthday.
Answer:
(i) I saw hardly anyone in the darkness.
(ii) The team scored barely/hardly any goal.
Or, The team could hardly score any goal.
(iii) The beggar has hardly anything to eat.
(iv) Many cities hardly do little to check air pollution.
(v) Scarcely/Hardly do I know her.
Or, I hardly know her.
(vi) Working children have scarcely / hardly/barely any chance to enjoy.
(vii) There was hardly any sugar in the jar.
(viii) Samita can hardly wait for her birthday.
Or, Scarcely can Samita wait for her birthday

Remember:
Hardly / Scarcely + auxiliary verbs + subject + main verb
when + sub +_______
Example :
Hardly/Scarcely did (auxiliary verb) the peon (subject) ring (main verb) the bell when we (subject) ran into our classroom.
(ପିଅନ୍ ବେଲ୍‌ ବଜାଇବାମାତ୍ରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଆମ୍ଭ ଶ୍ରେଣୀକକ୍ଷକୁ ଦୌଡ଼ିଗଲୁ ।)

(c) Homophones:
Homophones are the words which have similar sounds but different spellings and meanings.
(ଦୁଇଟି ଶବ୍ଦର ଭିନ୍ନ ବନାନ ବା ଅର୍ଥ ପାଇଁ ସମାନ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ଥିଲେ ସେହି ଶବ୍ଦବିଶେଷର ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣକୁ homophones କୁହାଯାଏ ।)
Remember :
homo – same or equal
phone – sound
(Words having the same or equal sound)
Example :
knew – new
flour – flower

Read the sentences, underline the incorrect homophones and replace them with the correct ones.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼, ଭୁଲ୍ ସମୋଚ୍ଚାରିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କର ଏବଂ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଠିକ୍ ସମୋଚ୍ଚାରିତ ଶବ୍ଦ ବସାଅ ।)

(i) Assam is a state in the north-eastern reason of India.
(ii) Losar is a new-ear festival in Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii) People prey on gods for prosperity.
(iv) The women and children are given a sumptuous fist
(v) People worship God to rise to a higher plane of life.
(vi) Rich harvest is the result of herd labor.
(vii) Folk dance and traditional music add to the festive heir.
(viii) People throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fares.
Answer:
(i) Assam is a state in the northeastern region of India.
(ii) Losar is a new-year festival in Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii) People pray to gods for prosperity.
(iv) The women and children are given a sumptuous feast.
(v) People worship God to rise to a higher plane of life.
(vi) Rich harvest is the result of hard labor.
(vii) Folk dance and traditional music add to the festive air.
(viii) People throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

H. Let’s Learn Grammar:

1. Look at the underlined words in the following sentences.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖ ।)
People clean and decorate their houses. (ଘର → nouns ବିଶେଷ୍ୟପଦ)
The temple houses 14 deities. ( ସ୍ଥାନିତ କରିଛି → verb – କ୍ରିୟାପଦ)
Remember :
‘Noun’ is a naming word denoting names of person, thing, animal, place, quality, action or state.
(ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ, ପ୍ରାଣୀ, ସ୍ଥାନ, ଗୁଣ, କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ଅବସ୍ଥାର ନାମସୂଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ ହେଉଛି Noun ବା ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ପଦ ।) ‘Verb’ is a doing word or shows action or state or possession of or about the subject.
(କର୍ତ୍ତାର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ, ଅବସ୍ଥା ବା ଧାରଣସୂଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ ହେଉଛି verb ବା କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ।)

A verb (mainly the main verb) can be used either as a finite verb or a non-finite verb.
Finite verb → tense
Non-finite verb → form
Examples :
(i) Work is worship, (noun = subject to the verb ‘is’)
He works in this office, (verb = present simple tense = finite verb)

(ii) I gave a bite into the apple, (noun = object word to the verb ‘gave’) (a bite = object)
A barking dog seldom bites. (verb = finite verb = present simple tense)
Mosquito-bite causes malaria, (noun = subject word to the subject ‘mosquito-bite’)

Use each of the following words first as a noun and then as a verb in separate sentences of your own.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଗୋଟିଏ noun (ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ) ରୂପେ ଓ ପରେ ଗୋଟିଏ verb (କ୍ରିୟା) ରୂପେ ତୁମ ନିଜ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କର ।)
dance, harvest, drive, climb, spring, dress, name, group, mark, help
Answer:
dance (Noun):
Odisha is a classical dance.
The dance is captivating.
Look at her dance.
(Verb):
The girl danced beautifully. (Past simple tense)

harvest (Noun):
We hope for a rich harvest.
The harvest of crops failed due to floods.
(Verb):
The farmers of Odisha harvest plenty of paddies every year.

drive (Noun):
He gave a test drive.
The literacy drive was a huge success.
(Verb):
He drove to his home. (Past simple tense)
Driven by hunger the beggar committed suicide
(Non-finite verb → past participle)

climb (Noun):
The climb of this wall is very difficult.
He has gone for the hill climb.
(Verb):
He climbed the hill. (Past simple tense)

spring (Noun):
Spring is the king of all seasons.
Can you see the spring?
He landed with a spring.
(Verb):
This part of the roof has sprung a leak.
Anil usually springs a surprise.

dress (Noun):
The girl is wearing a pink dress.
The dresses have become dirty.
(Verb):
The man was dressed in a rag. (Past simple tense)
He dressed me down. (Past simple tense)

name (Noun):
The name sounds familiar to me.
What is your name?
(Verb):
Did the mother name the baby Dipu?

group (Noun):
The group consists of ten people.
(Verb):
The people have been equally grouped.
(Present perfect tense)

mark (Noun):
Nandini obtained 60 marks in English.
The panther has black marks all over its body.
(Verb):
I marked him absent.

help (Noun):
StM-help is the best help.
(Verb):
Mihir helped me.

2. Complete the sentences using appropriate prepositions choosing from the box.
(ବାକ୍‌ସରୁ ସଠିକ୍ ବିଭକ୍ତିସୂଚକ ଅବ୍ୟୟ ପଦ ବାଛି ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)
(to, against, of, for, on, with)

(i) India consists ___________ 28 States and 9 Union Territories.
(ii) The movie is based on __________ a real-life incident
(iii) She is blessed ___________ good health.
(iv) Shall I add some sugar __________ to your tea?
(v) The camel is the only means __________transportation in deserts
(vi) Safety rules prescribe precautions __________ fire.
Answer:
(i) India consists of 28 States and 9 Union Territories.
(ii) The movie is based on a real-life incident.
(iii) She is blessed with good health.
(iv) Shall I add some sugar to your tea?
(v) The camel is the only means of transportation in deserts.
(vi) Safety rules prescribe precautions against fire.

3. Phrasal Verb
Verb + preposition or particle = phrasal verb
Remember :
The meaning of phrasal verbs is different from the original verb used.
(Phrasal verbର ଅର୍ଥ ଏଥରେ ଥ‌ିବା ମୌଳିକ କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ଅର୍ଥଠାରୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭିନ୍ନ ଅଟେ ।)

Look at the use of the phrasal verbs and their meanings in the following sentences.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା phrasal verb ଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)
What time did you get back last night? (= return)
I’ll get back to you. (= to speak/write to somebody again later, in order to give a reply)
Winter sets in trees start to shed their leaves. (= begins)

Complete the following sentences using the phrasal verbs appropriately.
(Phrasal verbଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କର ।)
(bring in, show off, hand down, bring out, get in, ask for, take place, drive away, pass down)

(i) Young men and women ________their best traditional attire.
(ii) The festivals _______in the month of July.
(iii) On this occasion, people discard the old to ______the New Year.
(iv) People pray the gods to______ evil spirits.
(v) The songs have been _______through many generations.
(vi) The celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and _______ their oral history.
(vii) Men clad in full warrior costumes_______ their hunting and warring skills.
(viii) People offer thanks to gods and ________ protection against calamities
(ix) These celebrations also help_______the natural talent of people.
Answer:
(i) Young men and women get in their best traditional attire.
(ii) The festivals take place in the month of July.
(iii) On this occasion, people discard the old to bring in the New Year.
(iv) People pray to the gods to drive away evil spirits.
(v) The songs have been handed down through many generations.
(vi) The celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and passing down their oral history.
(vii) Men clad in full warrior costumes show off their hunting and warring skills.
(viii) People offer thanks to gods and ask for protection against calamities.
(ix) These celebrations also help bring out the natural talent of people

4. Look at the following sentences.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦେଖ ।)
Rongali Bihu is celebrated in mid-April.
The crops have been harvested.
by + phrase (by + agent or doer of the action)
by + କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି । କେତେକ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ by + କାରକ ବିନା ମଧ୍ୟ ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ ।

Example :
The batsman was declared out. (by + agent = by the umpire)
English is spoken all over the world, (by + agent = by the people)
Put the following sentences into the passive without ‘by-phrase’.
(by phrase ବ୍ୟବହାର ନ କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ passive voice ବା କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ ପରିଣତ କର ।)
(i) Farmers grow grapes in Hyderabad.
(ii) Poachers kill a lot of wild animals every year.
(iii) People make paper from pulp.
(iv) Someone broke the window.
(v) We should respect the elders.
(vi) Somebody stole her purse.
(vii) The police have arrested the miscreant.
(viii) My friend has eaten up all the grapes. (But I want to keep it a secret.)
Answer:
(i) Grapes are grown in Hyderabad.
(ii) A lot of wild animals are killed every year.
(iii) Paper is made from pulp.
(iv) The window was broken.
(v) The elders should be respected.
(vi) Her purse was stolen.
(vii) The miscreant has been arrested.
(viii) All the grapes have been eaten up.

5. Read the following sentences and notice the underlined verbs.
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁନିକୁ ପଢ଼ ଓ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କ୍ରିୟାପଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କର ।)

(a) The North East India, comprising eight states, is a place of diverse culture.
(b) Blessed with lush greenery and mighty River Brahmaputra, the people of Assam have a lot to celebrate.
(c) They pray to God to guide souls to heaven.
(d) These celebrations also help encourage cultural and aristic activities and bring out the natural talent of people.
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁନିକରେ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ବା verbଗୁଡ଼ିକର tense ବା କାଳ ନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ଏ ସମସ୍ତ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗୋଟିଏ non-finite verb (ଅସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା) ।

Non-finite verbs	Type
(a) comprising	→ present participle
(b) blessed	→ past participle
(c) to guide	→ to + infinitive
(d) encourage, bring out	→ bare infinitive or zero infinitive

Underline the non-finite clauses in the following sentences.
( ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଅସୀମ ଧାରାକୁ ଅଣ୍ଡରଲାଇନ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

(i) The pepa is a wind instrument made of a buffalo horn.
(ii) Lying farther north in the mountainous region of the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most remote picturesque locations.
(iii) On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year.
(iv) The villagers climb the nearest hill tops for they believe that this will help them rise to a higher plane in this life.
(v) The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram.
(vi) Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and head-gear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs.
(vii) Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is celebrated in November to mark the end of hard work
Answer:
(i) The pepa is a wind instrument made of a buffalo horn (made = non-finite verb)
(ii) Lying farther north in the mountainous region of the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most remote picturesque locations, (lying = non-finite verb)
(iii) On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year. (to bring in = non-finite verb)
(iv) The villagers climb the nearest hill tops for they believe that this will help them rise to a higher plane in this life. (rise = non-finite verb)
(v) The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram. (celebrated = non-finite verb)
(vi) Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and head-gear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs, (wearing = non-finite verb)
(vii) Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is celebrated in November to mark the end of hard work. (to mark = nonfinite verb)

6. Read the following sentences.
(a) Pepa is a wind instrument made of buffalo horn.
(‘ପେପା’ ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ତିଆରି କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଲୋକମାନେ ମଇଁଷି ଶିଙ୍ଗ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି ।)

Another example: Paper is made from pulp.
(ଅର୍ବତରଳ ଦ୍ରବରୁ କାଗଜ ତିଆରି କରାଯାଏ ।)

made of – if the original material isn’t changed in any significant way
(ତିଆରିରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ମୂଳ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟର ବିଶେଷ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ)

made from – if the original material changed significantly
( ରୁ ତିଆରି – ଯଦି ମୂଳ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ବଦଳିଯାଏ |)
Look: The ring is made of gold, (‘gold’ is found in the ring)
The shirt is made from cotton, (‘cotton’ isn’t seen in the shirt)

(a) Match the things under ‘A” with the materials under ‘B’. Write the serial numbers in brackets.
(ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ‘A’ ତଳେ ଥ‌ିବା ଜିନିଷ ସହିତ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ‘B’ ତଳେ ଥିବା ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ | ସାମଗ୍ରୀକୁ ମିଳାଅ । ବନ୍ଧନୀ ମଧ୍ଯରେ କ୍ରମ ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଲେଖ ।)

A	B
(i) Shoes	[ ] Wood
(ii) Blanket	[ ] Milk
(iii) House	[ ] Cotton
(iv) Ice	[ ] Flour
(v) Shirt	[ ] Water
(vi) Juice	[ ] Bronze
(vii) Bread	[ ] Iron
(viii) Statue	[ ] Denim
(ix) Gate	[ ] Leather
(x) Chair	[ ] Bricks
(xi) Cheese	[ ] Fruit
(xii) Jeans	[ ] Wool

Answer:

A	B
(i) Shoes	[x] Wood
(ii) Blanket	[xi] Milk
(iii) House	[v] Cotton
(iv) Ice	[vii] Flour
(v) Shirt	[iv] Water
(vi) Juice	[viii] Bronze
(vii) Bread	[x] Iron
(viii) Statue	[xii] Denim
(ix) Gate	[i] Leather
(x) Chair	[iii] Bricks
(xi) Cheese	[vi] Fruit
(xii) Jeans	[ii] Wool

(b) Now make sentences for each pair using ‘made of’ or ‘made from’.
(160 gồ ଯୋଡ଼ା ପାଇଁ ‘made of” କିମ୍ବ। ‘made from’ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର ।) One is done for you. (ଗୋଟିଏ ତୁମପାଇଁ କରି ଦିଆଯାଇଛି ।)
Answer:
(i) Shoes are made of leather.
(ii) The blanket is made from wool.
(iii) The house is made from bricks, (if plastered)
(iv) Ice is made from water.
(v) The shirt is made from cotton.
(vi) Juice is made from fruit.
(vii) Bread is made from flour (a©l).
(viii) The statue is made of bronze. (Coating of bronze is found)
(ix) The gate is made of iron. (Iron is seen in the gate)
(x) The chair is made of wood.
(xi) Cheese is made from milk.
(xii) Jeans are made of denim.

I. Let’s Learn Study Skills

(a) The table below contains necessary facts on the festivals that the eight states of North East India celebrate. But some facts are missing. Copy and complete the table supplying the missing information.
(ନିମ୍ନସ୍ଥ (ସାରଣୀ)ରେ ଉତ୍ତର ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତର ଆଠୋଟିଯାକ ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ପାଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ରହିଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ କେତେକ ତଥ୍ୟ ଛାଡ଼ ଅଛି । ଛାଡ଼ଥିବା ତଥ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବସାଇ ସାରଣୀଟିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ କର ।)

State	Festival	Time	Purpose	What people do
Assam	Rongali Bihu	onset of spring	Mark the start of the New Year, the beginning of the harvest season	put on traditional clothes sing melodious folk songs perform a traditional dance
	Kongali Bihu	in mid-October	for a thriving harvest season and to guide souls to heaven	light lamps pray to God
	Bhogali Bihu	in mid-January	Mark the end of the harvest season	Thanksgiving to God
Arunachal Pradesh	Losar		mark the new year’s arrival	clean their homes discard the old to bring in the New Year
Arunachal Pradesh	Mopin		to drive away evil spirits and get prosperity	pray to Goddess Popir dance is performed
Manipur	Ningol Chakouba		to revive the relationships between married girls and their parents	women and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts
Meghalaya	Wangala	in November	to mark the end of hard work	beat drums, blow horns, and dance
Mizoram	Chapchar Kut	Spring		perform folk dances and sing traditional songs
Nagaland	Moisture		to mark the end of the sowing season	dance to the traditional music
Sikkim	Saga Dawa	between May and June	to commemorate the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha	visit monasteries, offer water, incense sticks, etc.
Tripura	Karachi Puja	in July	to mark animal sacrifice and worshipping of 14 gods	organize culturally programs and fairs

(b) Use the information/facts available in the table you have completed above and write a paragraph of 4 to 5 sentences on the festivals of each state.
(ତୁମେ ଉପରେ ପୂରଣ କରିଥିବା ସାରଣୀରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ତଥାବଳୀକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ପ୍ରତି ରାଜ୍ୟର ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି ଉପରେ ୪ରୁ ୫ଟି ବାକ୍ୟ ଲେଖ ।)

Rongali Bihu :
Rongali Bihu celebrated in Assam, is also known as Bohag Bihu. On the onset of Spring in mid-April and the beginning of the sowing season, it is observed. It marks the start of a New Year in Assam.

Kongali Bihu :
Kongali Bihu or Kaati Bihu is celebrated in Assam in mid-October when the fields are lush green but the barns are empty. People light lamps and pray to God for a growing harvest season and to guide souls to heaven.

Bhogali Bihu :
Bhogali Bihu is also known as ‘Magh Bihu’. It is observed in mid-January in Assam. The festival marks the end of the harvest season. It is a thanks-giving occasion after the crops have been harvested and the bams are full.

Losar:
Losar is the new-year festival in Arunachal Pradesh. On this occasion, people in certain areas of the state clean their homes and give up the old to bring in the New-year.

Mopin :
Mopin is the harvest festival Galo tribe of Meghalaya people worship Goddess Mopin and pray to drive away evil spirits and for acquiring prosperity and wealth. An indigenous folk dance called Popir is performed by young women.

Ningol Chakouba :
Ningol Chakouba is a charming festival in Manipur. This festival is held to bind and revive the relationships between married girls and their parents. So the women and their children are given a dainty feast and gifts.

Wangala :
Wangala or the Hundred-drum festival is the most important festival celebrated by the Garos in the villages of Meghalaya. It is observed in November to mark the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest. The celebration comprises the beating of drums, blowing horns, and traditional dancing.

Chapchar Kut :
Chapchar Kut is the spring festival celebrated in Mizoram. Men and women of all ages in Mizoram, wearing traditional dresses and headgear, perform folk dances. They sing traditional songs.

Saga Dawa :
Saga Dawa is an amazing Buddhist festival in Sikkim. It is celebrated on the full moon day in the Tibetan lunar month between May and June. On this sacred day, people visit monasteries and offer prayers, water, incense sticks, and butter lamps. The festival commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha.

Karachi Puja :
Karachi Puja is a week-long festival in Tripura. It is, marked by animal sacrifice and worship of 14 gods as instructed by Lord Shiva. It takes place in July in old Agartala, the capital of the state. Thousands of people throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

J. Let’s Write :

You are going to celebrate a popular festival in your locality. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to visit your place on the occasion. Mention the important features, such as name, time, preparation, gathering, fun and merry-making, entertainment, sales and purchase, usefulness, etc.
Answer:

Jairampur
Salipur
Date:………….

My dear Guduli,
We are all fine at home and hope to hear same from you. You will be glad (very happy) to know that we are going observe (ପାଳନ କରିବାକୁ )the most popular traditional “Maha Vishuba Sankranti” on the 12th of April next. Popularly known as “Pana Yatra”, the fair that is held before Lord Shiva at the Gangeswar fairground (ମେଳଣ ପଡ଼ିଆ) every year marks the beginning of Hindu Nava Varsha. In the three-day-long festival, people from far and near throng (gather) the fair-ground to have a holy glimpse of the feats (କୌଶଳ) of the Patras ( ପଟୁଆମାନଙ୍କର) before the Lord (ଈଶ୍ଵର)Shiva. People make a lot of fun and frolic at the fair. The fairground is dotted with (ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)shops, stalls, entertaining( ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀ) stages. People return home with lots of purchases. Songs blare out ( ଜୋରରେ ବାଜି ଉଠେ) cheerfully. The festival binds people and reminds them of their glorious past and proud culture. Kindly treat it urgent to drop in at my humble dwelling (ନିରାଡମ୍ବର ଗ୍ରହ ) shortly. ( ନିକଟ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ) Anticipating your arrival.

Yours lovingly
Nabakishore

K. Let’s Do This Activity :

“Festivals of North-East India” is full of many interesting facts. Therefore, your teacher can organize and conduct a quiz activity on the topic in order to revisit the facts/ information for better understanding and learning. The quiz program will have three rounds. The 1st round will be based on a “one-sentence answer”; the 2nd round, on a “True/False response”, and the 3rd one, on a “ word option”.
The sample questions for each round are as follows :
Round 1: What are the different types of Bihu festivals?
(Participants are to answer each question in one complete sentence.)
Round 2: The Rivefferahmaputra flows through the state of Tripura.
(Competitors will answer: ‘True’ or ‘False’.)
Round 3: Which of the following is not a new-year festival?

Cheiraoba
Losar
Wangala
Rongali Bihu

Instructions to the Teacher to conduct the quiz :
Prepare 10 questions – two parallel sets, each having 5 questions – for each round. Each set of questions will be legibly written/typed on separate sheets of paper and arranged/ tagged round-wise. In addition, prepare the answer sheet for quick/ready reference at the time of administering the quiz.

Declare the date/time for the quiz when teaching/learning of the lesson is complete in all respects. You may need two or more consecutive periods. In such a situation, seek your colleague’s cooperation to lend you his/her period(s) with the knowledge headmaster/headmistress.
‘If possible, you may arrange for the winner’s award/consolation prize as a token of inspiration/encouragement.

Once again, see that everything is prepared for the show. On the day as scheduled, enter the class, greet the pupils, and welcome them to the program. Divide the class into two groups with equal learning abilities. Tell them about the rules of the quiz. Keep the kids in good humor. Start the session. Yes, one thing more. You are the quiz master. And choose someone, of course not from among the participants, who will act impartially to record the scores- on the blackboard. Why not choose one of your colleagues?

Perhaps you know the rest – how to go on. When the quiz program is over and the winner is declared, invite your institutional head or a senior colleague to give away the prize(s) with a few words of encouragement to the partakers.

BSE Odisha 10th Class English Festivals of North-East India Important Questions and Answers

Very Short& Objective Questions With Answers
Answer The Following Questions In A Word Or A Phrase.

Question 1.
What does North-East India?
Answer:
a geographic and administrative division

Question 2.
How many states does North-East India comprise?
Answer:
eight states

Question 3.
Which northeast state isn’t figured in the tag the “Land of Seven Sisters”?
Answer:
Sikkim

Question 4.
What are the seven states of the northeast represented? India commonly described as the “Land of Seven Sisters”?
Answer:
because of their interdependence on each other

Question 5.
How is Sikkim separated from the northeast?
Answer:
by Siligudi corridor

Question 6.
Which state in northeast India has accepted itself as a little brother of seven sisters?
Answer:
Sikkim

Question 7.
How is Sikkim not a contiguous part of the northeast region?
Answer:
geographically

Question 8.
What is a common feature of the northeast region?
Answer:
cultural diversity

Question 9.
What appears incomplete without the traditional music and dance of the northeast region?
Answer:
celebration of various festivals

Question 10.
In which northeast state does the river Brahmaputra flow?
Answer:
Assam

Question 11.
What is the major cultural festival of Assam?
Answer:
Bihu

Question 12.
What is the other name of Magh Bihu?
Answer:
Bhogali

Question 13.
What is a Bihu celebration considered incomplete without?
Answer:
melodious folk songs and traditional dance

Question 14.
What is Arunachal Pradesh dotted with?
Answer:
lush green paddy fields and pine-clad mountains

Question 15.
What has nature provided to the people of Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
a deep feeling of beauty

Question 16.
What do the people of Arunachal Pradesh do on the occasion of Losar?
Answer:
clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year

Question 17.
What do the people in Arunachal Pradesh worship in the Mopin festival?
Answer:
Goddess Mopin

Question 18.
What is an indigenous folk dance among the people of Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Popir

Question 19.
When is the Ziro festival of music held?
Answer:
in September every year

Question 20.
What is the two important festivals of Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Losar and Ziro

Question 21.
What is the specialty of the Ningol Chakouba festival in Manipur?
Answer:
Binding and reviving the relationships between married girls and their parents

Question 22.
What is Manipur’s New Year festival?
Answer:
Cheiraoba

Question 23.
What is the Spring festival in Mizoram?
Answer:
Chapchar Kut

Question 24.
Who celebrates ‘Wangala’ in the villages of Meghalaya?
Answer:
the Garos

Question 25.
What does the festival Wangala mark in Meghalaya?
Answer:
the end of hard work with the promise of a good harvest

Question 26.
How many deities are placed in Puran Haveli?
Answer:
14 deities

Question 27.
What are the main features of festivals in Tripura?
Answer:
joining all people in the celebrations

Question 28.
What do many of the dances performed during some of the festivals in Tripur represent?
Answer:
hunting, food-gathering, and other activities

Question 29.
What forms the soul of Naga festivals?
Answer:
songs and dances

Question 30.
Which Naga festival is observed after the sowing season?
Answer:
Moisture

Question 31.
What is a ten-day-long cultural dance and sporting event in Nagaland?
Answer:
Hornbill festival

Question 32.
How are the Sikkimese festivals celebrated?
Answer:
with a lot of pomp and as per the Buddhist calendar

Question 33.
Which festival in Sikkim commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha?
Answer:
Saga Dawa

Question 34.
Which festival in Sikkim is celebrated at the end of the harvest season?
Answer:
Losing

Question 35.
What is the Sikkimese festival ‘Losar’ marked with?
Answer:
great joy, extensive meals, and merriment

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. North-East India comprises _____________ states in total.
Answer:
eight

2. _____________ is not featured in the ‘Land of Seven Sisters’.
Answer:
Sikkim

3. Sikkim is separated from the northeast by ______________.
Answer:
Siliguri corridor

4. The ______________ represents both a geographic and administrative division of India.
Answer:
North-East India

5. Sikkim is not a contiguous part of the north-east region _______________.
Answer:
geographically

6. The north-east region of India is a place of ______________.
Answer:
diverse cultures

7. Different communities and tribes of north-east India celebrate their unique festival with _____________.
Answer:
great enthusiasm and joy

8. ____________ flows in Assam.
Answer:
River Brahmaputra

9. ____________ is a thanksgiving festival in Assam.
Answer:
Bhogali or Magh Bihu

10. Without sweet songs and traditional dance Bihu celebration is considered ______________.
Answer:
incomplete

11. In mid-October ____________ is observed in Assam.
Answer:
Kaati Bihu or Kongali

12. _____________ is also called Magh Bihu.
Answer:
Bhogali

13. _____________ is the most important festival of Arunachal Pradesh.
Answer:
Losar

14. ___________ is believed to drive away evil spirits.
Answer:
Goddess Mopin

15. 30 indie bands join the ____________ in Arunachal Pradesh.
Answer:
Ziro festival

16. _____________ is the new-year festival in Manipur.
Answer:
Cheiraoba

17. Chapchar Kut is the ____________ festival.
Answer:
Spring

18. _____________ is the Hundred-drum Festival.
Answer:
Wangala

19. The Garos observe ____________ Meghalaya.
Answer:
Wangala

20. ____________ is a week-long festival of Tripura.
Answer:
Karachi Puja

21. After the sowing season ____________ is observed in Nagaland.
Answer:
Moisture

22. 16 tribes take part in ____________ of Nagaland.
Answer:
Hornbill festival

23. ____________ is observed at the end of the harvest season in Sikkim.
Answer:
Losing

24. _____________ marks the Tibetan New Year:
Answer:
Losar

25. _____________ is the festival of light in Sikkim.
Answer:
Tihar

Multiple Choice Questions With Answers

Question 1.
North-East India represents both a geographic and administrative division of the _____________.
(A) country
(B) area
(C) region
(D) continent
Answer:
(A) country

Question 2.
The contiguous seven states in North East India are commonly described as the Land of _____________.
(A) Seven Brothers
(B) Seven Friends
(C) Seven Sisters
(D) Seven Mothers
Answer:
(C) Seven Sisters

Question 3.
______________ is geographically not a contiguous part of the northeast region.
(A) Nagaland
(B) Manipur
(C) Assam
(D) Sikkim
Answer:
(D) Sikkim

Question 4.
Sikkim is separated from the north-east by the ______________ corridor.
(A) Guahati
(B) Shimla
(C) Nathula
(D) Siligudi
Answer:
(D) Siligudi

Question 5.
Sikkim has happily taken up the role of being a _____________ to the amazing seven sisters.
(A) little sister
(B) little brother
(C) little son
(D) little daughter
Answer:
(B) little brother

Question 6.
The north-eastern part of India is a place of diverse _______________.
(A) cultures
(B) traditions
(C) rituals
(D) civilizations
Answer:
(A) cultures

Question 7.
The northeastern region comprises ______________ states.
(A) seven
(B) eight
(C) nine
(D) ten
Answer:
(B) eight

Question 8.
The North-Eastern region of India is called the “Land of Seven Sisters” because of their ______________.
(A) alikeness
(B) religious similarities
(C) interdependence
(D) cultural similarities
Answer:
(C) interdependence

Question 9.
Many of the festivals in the north-east are based on _______________.
(A) traditions
(B) rituals
(C) cultures
(D) agriculture
Answer:
(D) agriculture

Question 10.
Assam is blessed with lush greenery and the mighty river ______________.
(A) Ganga
(B) Yamuna
(C) Brahmaputra
(D) Godavari
Answer:
(C) Brahmaputra

Question 11.
Rongali Bihu is also known as _____________.
(A) Bohag Bihu
(B) Magh Bihu
(C) Kaati Bihu
(D) Kongali Bihu
Answer:
(A) Bohag Bihu

Question 12.
Kongali Bihu is also known as ______________.
(A) Kaati Bihu
(B) Bhogali Bihu
(C) Magh Bihu
(D) Baisakhi
Answer:
(A) Kaati Bihu

Question 13.
Bhogali Bihu is also known as ____________.
(A) Kaati Bihu
(B) Magh Bihu
(C) Rongali Bihu
(D) Bohag Bihu
Answer:
(B) Magh Bihu

Question 14.
Rongali Bihu or Bohag Bihu is celebrated in ____________.
(A) mid-January
(B) mid-August
(C) mid-April
(D) mid-September
Answer:
(C) mid-April

Question 15.
With the onset of spring and the beginning of the ____________ Rongali Bihu is celebrated.
(A) winter season
(B) spring season
(C) harvest season
(D) sowing season
Answer:
(D) sowing season

Question 16.
_____________ is celebrated in mid-October when the fields are lush but the bams are empty.
(A) Rongali Bihu
(B) Magh Bihu
(C) Bohag Bihu
(D) Kaati Bihu
Answer:
(D) Kaati Bihu

Question 17.
Bhogali or Magh Bihu is observed in _____________.
(A) mid-April
(B) mid-August
(C) mid-January
(D) mid-February
Answer:
(C) mid-January

Question 18.
Bhogali or Magh Bihu symbolizes the end of the _____________.
(A) sowing season
(B) harvest season
(C) rainy season
(D) spring season
Answer:
(B) harvest season

Question 19.
Young men and women of ____________ perform the Bihu dance with brisk steps and hand movement.
(A) Nagaland
(B) Mizoram
(C) Assam
(D) Sikkim
Answer:
(C) Assam

Question 20.
______________ is a wind instrument made of buffalo horn.
(A) Shehnai
(B) Trumpet
(C) Santoor
(D) Pepa
Answer:
(D) Pepa

Question 21.
‘Losar’ is the ______________ festival celebrated in certain areas of Arunachal Pradesh.
(A) harvest
(B) new-year
(C) sowing
(D) tribal
Answer:
(B) new-year

Question 22.
In Arunachal Pradesh people worship ______________.
(A) Goddess Laxmi
(B) Goddess Popin
(C) Goddess Durga
(D) goddess Mopin
Answer:
(D) goddess Mopin

Question 23.
An indigenous folk dance called ‘Popir’ is performed by the ______________ in Arunachal Pradesh.
(A) young men
(B) young children
(C) young women
(D) old women
Answer:
(C) young women

Question 24.
____________ is an iconic outdoor musical festival of Arunachal Pradesh.
(A) Cheiraoba
(B) Ziro festival
(C) Wangala
(D) Losar
Answer:
(B) Ziro festival

Question 25.
The Ziro festival of music is held in ______________ every year in Arunachal Pradesh.
(A) September
(B) October
(C) August
(D) April
Answer:
(A) September

Question 26.
______________ festival in Manipur revives and binds the relationships between married girls and their parents.
(A) Ningol Chakouba
(B) Cheiraoba
(C) Chapchar Kut
(D) Wangala
Answer:
(A) Ningol Chakouba

Festivals of North-East India Summary in English

Lead In

As you all know, India is a land of fairs and festivals. People of different communities from different religions live here; they celebrate a number of festivals around the year. The festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, Basant Panchami, Diwali, Dusshera, Raksha Bandhan, Id-ul-Fitre, Christmas, Buddha Jayanti, and Mahavir Jayanti, etc. are celebrated by different communities in different regions of our country. We can see a festive atmosphere everywhere as people celebrate their festivals with great pomp and splendor. The people of North Eastern states too celebrate their festivals with much interest and enthusiasm.

Paragraph wise Explanation

Para-1: North-East India is a collective name for the easternmost parts of India representing both a geographic and administrative division of the country. The region comprises eight states, namely Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, and Tripura. The contiguous seven states -Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland are commonly described as the “Land of Seven Sisters ” because of their interdependence on each other.

On the other hand, Sikkim is geographically not a contiguous part of the northeast region. It is separated from the northeast by the Siliguri corridor. So it is not included in the “Land of Seven Sisters”. However, Sikkim has happily taken up the role of being a little brother to the amazing seven sisters!

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭାରତର ଉଭୟ ଭୌଗୋଳିକ ଓ ପ୍ରଶାସନିକ ବିଭାଗକୁ ପ୍ରତିନିଧ୍ୱ କରୁଥିବା ଭାରତର ଅଧିକାଂଶ ପୂର୍ବବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ପାଇଁ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ସମଷ୍ଟିଗତ ବା ସାମୂହିକ ନାମ । ଏହି ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ଆଠଗୋଟି ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ; ଯଥା – ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶ, ଆସାମ, ମଣିପୁର, ମେଘାଳୟ, ମିଜୋରାମ, ସିକିମ୍ ଓ ତ୍ରିପୁରା । ପରସ୍ପର ସୀମାକୁ ଲାଗି ରହିଥ‌ିବା ସାତଗୋଟିଏ ରାଜ୍ୟ – ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶ, ଆସାମ, ମଣିପୁର, ମେଘାଳୟ, ମିଜୋରାମ ଓ ନାଗାଲାଣ୍ଡକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପରସ୍ପର ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା ହେତୁ ‘ସାତ ଭଉଣୀର ଭୂମି’ କୁହାଯାଏ । ଅପରପକ୍ଷରେ, ସିକିମ୍ ଭୌଗୋଳିକ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ସମୂହର ଏକ ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ରାଜ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ । ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସିଲିଗୁଡ଼ି ଭୂଖଣ୍ଡଦ୍ବାରା ଏହା (ସିକିମ୍ ରାଜ୍ୟ) ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ହୋଇଛି । ଯାହାହେଉ ପଛେ ଏହି ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକ ସାତ ଭଉଣୀର ଜଣେ ଛୋଟ ଭାଇ ରୂପେ ସିକିମ୍ ଖୁସିରେ ନିଜର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଛି ।

Para-2: The northeastern region of India, is a place of diverse cultures. The different communities and tribes of north-east India celebrate their unique festivals with a celebration complete without traditional music and dance.

ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାୟ ଓ ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵତନ୍ତ୍ର ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଉତ୍ସାହ ଓ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ପାଳନ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏଭଳି ଅଧିକାଂଶ ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି କୃଷି ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଏବଂ ବିନା ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଓ ନୃତ୍ୟରେ କୌଣସି ଉତ୍ସବ ପାଳନ।

Para-3: Blessed with lush greenery and the mighty River Brahmaputra, the people of Assam have a lot to celebrate. Bus is among the major cultural festivals of Assam. They are a series ofthree prominentfestivals- Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu and Bhogali Bihu. Rongali Bihu also known as Bohag Bihu is celebrated in mid-April with the onset of spring and the beginning of the sowing season. It also marks the start of a New Year there.

Kongali or Kaati Bihu is celebrated in mid-October when the fields are lush but the barns are empty. On this occasion, people light lamps and pray to God for a thriving harvest season and to guide souls to heaven. Bhogali, called Magh Bihu is observed in mid-January. The festival symbolizes the end of the harvest season. It is thanksgiving when the crops have been harvested and the barns are full.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ସବୁଜିମା ଓ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ବ୍ରହ୍ମପୁତ୍ରର ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତିପୂର୍ବକ ଆସାମର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କର ବହୁତ କିଛି ପାଳନ କରିବାର ଅଛି । ଆସାମର କେତେକ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପର୍ବ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ‘ବିହୁ’’ ଅନ୍ୟତମ । ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛି ତିନୋଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପର୍ବର କ୍ରମ, ଯଥା – ରୋଙ୍ଗାଲୀ ବିହୁ, କୋଙ୍ଗାଲୀ ବିହୁ ଓ ଭୋଗାଲୀ ବିହୁ । ବୋହାଗ୍ ବିହୁ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତ ରୋଙ୍ଗାଲୀ ସେଠାରେ (ଆସାମରେ) ନୂତନ ବର୍ଷର ଆରମ୍ଭର ସୂଚନା ଦିଏ । କୋଙ୍ଗାଲୀ ବିହୁ ବା କାଟି ବିହୁ ଅକ୍ଟୋବର ମଧ୍ୟ ଭାଗରେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ ଯେତେବେଳେ କ୍ଷେତସବୁ ସବୁଜିମାରେ ଭରି ଉଠିଥାଏ କିନ୍ତୁ ଖାଦ୍ୟାଗାରସବୁ ଶୂନ୍ୟ ପଡ଼ିଥାଏ । ଏହି ପାଇଁ ଈଶ୍ଵରଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ମାଘ ବିହୁ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତ ‘ଭୋଗାଲି’ ଜାନୁଆରୀର ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗରେ ପାଳିତ ହୁଏ । ଏହି ପର୍ବ ଅମଳ ଋତୁର ସମାପ୍ତିର ଘୋଷଣା କରିଥାଏ । ଏହା ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଅର୍ପଣ ପର୍ବ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଶସ୍ୟ ଅମଳ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଓ ଶସ୍ୟାଗାରସବୁ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥାଏ ।

Para-4: Any Bihu celebration is considered incomplete without melodious folk songs and traditional dance. The Bihu dance is a joyous one. Young men and women get in their best traditional attire and perform the dance with brisk steps and hand movements. The tune of traditional musical instruments including cymbals, bamboo clappers, dhol which is similar to a drum, and the pepa which is a wind instrument made of buffalo horn add a different kind of flavor to the dance as well as the atmosphere. The songs have been handed down through many generations.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ମଧୁର ଲୋକଗୀତ ଓ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ନୃତ୍ୟ ବିନା କୌଣସି ବିହୁ ଉତ୍ସବ ପାଳନ ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମନେ କରାଯାଏ । କରନ୍ତି ଓ କ୍ଷୀପ୍ର ପାଦଚାଳନା ଓ ହାତର ଭାବଭଙ୍ଗୀ ସହିତ ନୃତ୍ୟ ପରିବେଷଣ କରନ୍ତି । କରତାଳ (ଝାଞ୍ଜ), ଦାସକାଠିଆ, ଢୋଲ, ଯାହାକି ଏକ ଡ୍ରମ୍ ସଦୃଶ ଓ ପେପା ଯାହାକି ମଇଁଷି ଶିଙ୍ଗରୁ ତିଆରି ଏକ ବାୟୁଚାଳିତ ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଆଦି ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତର ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ରସମୂହର ଧ୍ଵନି ନୃତ୍ୟ ତଥା ପରିବେଶକୁ ଏକ ଭିନ୍ନ ସ୍ବାଦ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ । ଗୀତଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପିଢ଼ି ପରେ

Para-5: Lying farther north in the mountain region of the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh is one of India’s most remote and picturesque locations with lush green paddy fields and pine-clad mountains. Nature has provided the people of this region with a deep feeling of beauty which can be seen in their festivities, songs, and dances.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ହିମାଳୟ ପାର୍ବତ୍ୟାଞ୍ଚଳର ଦୂରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶ ଭାରତର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଦୂରନ୍ତ ଓ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ସମାହିତ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଅଟେ ଯାହାକି ସବୁଜ କ୍ଷେତ ଓ ପାଇନ୍ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଆଚ୍ଛାଦିତ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ପ୍ରକୃତି ଏହି ରାଜ୍ୟବାସୀଙ୍କୁ ସୁନ୍ଦରତା ଅନୁଭବର ଏକ ଅଭିନବ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଛି ଯାହାକି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି, ଗୀତ ଓ ନୃତ୍ୟରେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ମିଳେ ।

Para-6: The new-year festival, Losar, is perhaps the most important festival in certain areas of Arunachal Pradesh. On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year. Mopin is the harvest festival of the Galo tribe. People worship goddess Mopin and pray to drive away evil spirits and to acquire prosperity and wealth.

An indigenous folk dance called Popir is performed by young women. An iconic outdoor musical festival of Arunachal Pradesh is the Zirofestival of music held at Ziro in September every year. The congregation features a combination of 30 Indie bands from across the world and top folk acts from across northeast India.

ସବୁଠାରୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପର୍ବ । ଏହି ପର୍ବରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଘର ପରିଷ୍କାର କରନ୍ତି ଓ ପୁରୁଣାକୁ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରି ନବବର୍ଷକୁ ସ୍ଵାଗତ କରନ୍ତି । ଗାଲୋ ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାୟର ଅମଳ ପର୍ବ ହେଉଛି ‘ମୋପିନ୍’ । ଲୋକେ ଦେବୀ ‘ମୋପିନ୍’ଙ୍କୁ ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ଆତ୍ମାକୁ ତଡ଼ିବାପାଇଁ ଓ ସମୃଦ୍ଧି ଏବଂ ସମ୍ପଦ ନିମିତ୍ତ ପୂଜା ବା ଉପାସନା କରନ୍ତି । ‘ପୋପିର’ ନାମକ ଏକ ଦେଶୀୟ ଲୋକନୃତ୍ୟ ଯୁବତୀମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ପରିବେଷଣ କରାଯାଏ । ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର ମାସରେ ଜିରୋଠାରେ ପାଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ‘ଜିରୋ’ ପର୍ବ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତଭିତ୍ତିକ ପର୍ବ ଯାହାକି ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶର ଏକ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ବାହ୍ୟ ସ୍ଵାଗତିକ ପର୍ବ । ଏହି ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ସମାବେଶରେ ସାରା ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରୁ ଆସୁଥ‌ିବା ତିରିଶଗୋଟି ଇଡ଼ାଇ ବା ପପ୍ ବା ରକ୍ ମ୍ୟୁଜିକ୍ ଦଳ ଏବଂ।

Para-7: A charming festival of Manipur- Ningol Chakouba binds and revives the relationships between married girls and their parents. The women and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts. During Cheiraoba, the Manipur new-year festival in April, people clean and decorate the houses and prepare special festive dishes. As part of the ritual, the villagers climb the nearest hilltops for they believe that this will help them rise to a higher plane in this life.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ‘ନିନ୍‌ଗୋଲ ଚାକୋଉବା’ ନାମକ ମଣିପୁରର ଏକ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ପର୍ବ ବିବାହିତା ଝିଅ ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପିତାମାତାମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସମ୍ପର୍କକୁ ସୁଦୃଢ଼ କରିବା ସହିତ ପୁନଃ କ୍ରିୟାଶୀଳ କରିଥାଏ । ମହିଳା ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ନିକଟତମ ପାହାଡ଼ଶୀର୍ଷ ଆରୋହଣ କରନ୍ତି କାରଣ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଯେ ଏହା (ପର୍ବତାରୋହଣ ) ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନର ଜୀବନରେ ଏକ ଉଚ୍ଚତର ଓ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ ସୋପାନରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ ।

Para-8: The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram. Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and headgear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs on this occasion. Drums, gongs, and cymbals add to the festive air!
ଅନୁବାଦ : ବସନ୍ତ ଋତୁର ପର୍ବ ବା ‘ଚାପଚାର କୁଟ୍’ ଏକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ବପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଉତ୍ସବର ସମୟ, ଯାହାକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ମିଜୋରାମରେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ । ସବୁ ବୟସର ପୁରୁଷ ଓ ମହିଳା ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ପୋଷାକ ଓ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଆବରଣ ପରିଧାନ କରି ଲୋକନୃତ୍ୟ ଓ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ଗୀତ ପରିବେଷଣ କରନ୍ତି । ଢୋଲ, ଘଣ୍ଟ ଓ ଝାଞ୍ଜ ପର୍ବର ପରିବେଶକୁ ରୋମାଞ୍ଚରେ ଭରିଦିଏ ।

Para-9: Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is the most important festival celebrated by the Garos in the villages of Meghalaya. The festival is named so because 100 drums are beaten together during the celebration. This harvest festival is celebrated in November to mark the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest.

The celebration features the beating of drums, blowing horns, and traditional dancing. The dance during the festival has two parallel lines one of the men and the other of women, clad in their festive costumes. While the men beat the drums, the lines move forward together in a rhythmic manner.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ମୋଘାଳୟ ରାଜ୍ୟର ଗ୍ରାମାଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଗାରୋ ଜନଜାଥିଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ପାଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ୱାଙ୍ଗାଲା ବା ଶହେ ଉତ୍ସବକୁ ନଭେମ୍ବର ମାସରେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ । ଢୋଲବାଡ଼ିଆ, ଶିଂଘ ଫୁଙ୍କା ଓ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଏହି ପର୍ବର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଆକର୍ଷଣ । ଏହି ପର୍ବରେ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ ନୃତ୍ୟରେ ଦୁଇ ସମାନ୍ତରାଳ ଧାଡ଼ି ଥାଏ – ଗୋଟିଏ ଉତ୍ସବକାଳୀନ ବେଶପୋଷାକ ନାରୀମାନେ ଏକ ଛନ୍ଦାୟିତ ଶୈଳୀରେ ଏକତ୍ର ଅଗ୍ରସର ହୁଅନ୍ତି ।

Para-10: Karachi Puja or Tripura is a week-long festival marked by animal sacrifice and worshipping four teen gods as instructed by Lord Shiva. The festival takes place in the month of July in old Agartala or Puran Haveli, where there is a temple that houses 14 deities. Thousands of people throng Tripura during the festival and enjoy cultural programs and fairs.

ଚଉଦ ଦେବତାଙ୍କର ଉପାସନାର ପ୍ରତୀକରୂପେ ପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଜୁଲାଇ ମାସରେ ଏହି ପର୍ବ ପୁରୁଣା ଅଗରତାଲା ବା ପୁରୁଣା ହାଭେଲୀ ବା ରାଜପ୍ରାସାଦରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ହୁଏ, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ (ଚଉଦ) ଦେବତାଙ୍କର ନିବାସସ୍ଥଳୀ ରୂପେ ଏକ ମନ୍ଦିର ଅଛି । ଏହି ପର୍ବ ସମୟରେ ହଜାର ହଜାର ଲୋକ ତ୍ରିପୁରାରେ ସମାବେଶ ହୁଅନ୍ତି ଓ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ଓ।

Para-11: The main feature of festivals in Tripura is that all the people join in the celebrations. Many of the dances performed during some of the festivals represent hunting, food-gathering, and various other activities.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ତ୍ରିପୁରାରେ ପାଳିତ ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣିର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ ହେଉଛି ଯେ ସମସ୍ତ ଅଧିବାସୀ ପର୍ବ ପାଳନରେ ଯୋଗ ଦିଅନ୍ତି । କେତେକ ପର୍ବରେ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ନୃତ୍ୟୁ ଶିକାର, ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସଂଗ୍ରହ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀକୁ ପ୍ରତିଫଳିତ କରିଥାଏ ।

Para-12: Nagaland consists of different groups of people who are unique in the customs and traditions that they celebrate. Songs and Dances form the soul of these festivals. Celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and passing down their oral history.

ପରମ୍ପରା ପାଳନରେ ଅଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ଗୀତ ଓ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଏହି ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣିଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଆତ୍ମା ସଦୃଶ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମୌଖ୍ ଏକ ସଫଳତମ ମାଧ୍ୟମ ।

Para-13: A major Naga festival is Moastu, celebrated mainly in the villages after the sowing season. Dressed in colorful clothes and headgear decorated with feathers and wild boar tusks, the people in villages dance to traditional music.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ବୁଣା ଋତୁ ପରେ ଗ୍ରାମାଞ୍ଚଳରେ ପାଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ଏକ ପ୍ରଧାନ ନାଗା ପର୍ବ ବା ଉତ୍ସବ ହେଉଛି ମୋଆସ୍ତୁ । ରଙ୍ଗୀନ ପୋଷାକ ଏବଂ ପକ୍ଷୀ ପର ଓ ଜଙ୍ଗଲୀ ବାର୍‌ହାର ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ଦାନ୍ତରେ ସଜ୍ଜିତ ଶିରସ୍ତ୍ରାଣ ପରିହିତ କରି କରନ୍ତି । ଗ୍ରାମବାସୀମାନେ ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତର ତାଳେ ତାଳେ ନୃତ୍ୟ

Para-14: One of India’s most colorful and charming festivals is Nagaland’s Hornbill festival. Named after the state’s most admired bird, the event showcases the cultural heritage of 16 tribes there. It is a 10-day-long cultural dance and sporting event held in December every year. Men, clad in full warrior costumes, show off their hunting and warring skills.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଭାରତର ସବୁଠାରୁ ରଙ୍ଗୀନ ଓ ଆକର୍ଷକ ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣି ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ହେଉଛି ନାଗାଲାଣ୍ଡର ବା ନାଗାମାନଙ୍କର ‘ହଣ୍ଡିବିଲ୍’ ପର୍ବ । ରାଜ୍ୟର ସର୍ବାଧ‌ିକ ପ୍ରଶସିତ ଡେଙ୍ଗା ବଗ ବା ବକର ନାମାନୁସାରେ ନାମିତ ଏହି ପର୍ବ ରାଜ୍ୟର ୧୬ ଜନଜାତିଙ୍କର ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଐତିହ୍ୟର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରିଥାଏ । ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ଡିସେମ୍ବର ମାସରେ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ ଏହି ‘ହଣ୍ଡିବିଲ୍’ ପର୍ବ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଦଶଦିନିଆ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଏବଂ କ୍ରୀଡ଼ା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ । ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଯୋଦ୍ଧାର ବେଶପୋଷାକରେ।

Para-15: Situated in the eastern Himalayas, Sikkim is one of the most beautiful states in India. The Sikkim festivals are celebrated with a lot of pumps and shows as per the Buddhist calendar. Throughout these festivals, people take part in lively dances and music. Saga Dawa is an amazing Buddhist festival celebrated on the full moon day in the Tibetan lunar month between May and June. On this sacred day, people visit the monasteries and offer prayers, water, incense sticks, and butter lamps.

The festival commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Lord Buddha. Losing is celebrated at the end of the harvest season. Locals wearing brightly colored masks, and playing fascinating musical instruments perform the Cham dance. Archery contest is also held along with feasting and other celebrations. Tibetan New Year, Losar is marked with immense joy, extensive meals, and merriment. It is usually held in February. Tihaar is the festival oflight. It is somewhat like Diwali.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ପୂର୍ବ ହିମାଳୟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ସିକିମ୍ ହେଉଛି ଭାରତର ସୁନ୍ଦରତମ ରାଜ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଅନ୍ୟତମ । ସିକିମ୍‌ର ପର୍ବପର୍ବାଣିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ପଞ୍ଜିକା ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଖୁବ୍ ଜାକଜମକରେ ପାଳିତ ହୁଏ । ଏସବୁ ପର୍ବ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ପ୍ରାଣବନ୍ତ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଓ ସଙ୍ଗୀତରେ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତି । ‘‘ସାଗା ଦାଓ୍ବା’’ ଏକ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ପର୍ବ ଯାହାକୁ ମଇ ଓ ଜୁନ୍ ମାସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତିବ୍ବତୀୟ ଚାନ୍ଦ୍ରମାସର ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣମୀ ଦିନ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ । ଏହି ପବିତ୍ର ଦିନରେ ଲୋକମାନେ (ସିକିମ୍ଵାସୀ) ବୌଦ୍ଧ ମଠ ପରିଦର୍ଶନ କରନ୍ତି ଓ ଭଗବାନ ବୁଦ୍ଧଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ବ୍ୟତିରେକ ଜଳ, ଧୂପକାଠି ଓ ଲହୁଣୀ ଦୀପ ଅର୍ପଣ କରନ୍ତି । ଭଗବାନ୍ ବୁଦ୍ଧଙ୍କର ଜନ୍ମ, ବୁଦ୍ଧତ୍ବ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ଓ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ସ୍ମୃତିକୁ ଏହି ପର୍ବ ଉଜାଗର କରିଥାଏ । ଅମଳ ଋତୁର ଶେଷରେ ‘ଲୋଜୁଙ୍ଗ୍’ ନାମକ ପର୍ବ ପାଳିତ ହୁଏ । ଉଜ୍ଜ୍ଵଳ ରଙ୍ଗର ମୁଖା ପିନ୍ଧି ଓ ଚମତ୍କାର ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ବଜାଇ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠିତ କରାଯାଏ । ତିବ୍ବତୀୟ ନୂଆବର୍ଷ ‘ଲୋସାର’ ପର୍ବ ପ୍ରଚୁର ଆନନ୍ଦ, ବ୍ୟାପକ ଖାଦ୍ୟଗ୍ରହଣ ଓ ଆମୋଦପ୍ରମୋଦରେ ପ୍ରତୀକ ରୂପେ ପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହା (ଲୋସାର) ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଫେବୃୟାରୀ ମାସରେ ପାଳିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ‘ତିହାର’ ହେଉଛି ଆଲୋକର ପର୍ବ । ଏହି ପର୍ବ କେତେକାଂଶରେ ଦୀପାବଳୀ ସଦୃଶ ।

Para-16: Hardly a month passes in any of the seven states without a festival or two. Most of them have religious importance or significance, as the people offer thanks to the gods for a good harvest or prosperity, or ask for protection against calamities. But these celebrations also help encourage cultural and artistic activities and bring out the natural talent of the people.

ଅନୁବାଦ : ଏହି ସାତ ରାଜ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କୌଣସି ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଏପରି ଗୋଟିଏ ମାସ ନାହିଁ ଯେତେବେଳେ କି ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ପର୍ବ ପାଳିତ ହୋଇନଥାଏ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ପର୍ବର କୌଣସି ନା କୌଣସି ଧାର୍ମିକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ରହିଛି ଯେହେତୁ ଲୋକମାନେ ଏକ ଭଲ ଫସଲ ଅମଳ ନିମିତ୍ତ ଦେବତାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତି ବା ବିପର୍ଯ୍ୟୟ ବିରୋଧରେ

Word Meaning / Glossary:
region – area of a country (Q) What region are youfrom?
comprise – consist, formed from (ଗଠିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ) Water comprises oxygen and hydrogen.
contiguous – adjoining (ସନ୍ନିହିତ ବା ସଂଲଗ୍ନ) Odisha is contiguous to Andhra Pradesh in the south.
interdependence – act of depending on each other ( ଆନ୍ତଃନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା)
corridor – a long narrow strip of land used as a road (ରାସ୍ତାରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥିବା ଏକ ସଂକୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
amazing – wonderful The Himalayas present amazing scenery.
culture – habits, traditions, and religious beliefs The Indian culture is diversifying (ବିବିଧତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
traditional – ancient (ପ୍ରାଚୀନ, ପାରମ୍ପରିକ) ‘Odishi’ is the traditional dance of Odisha.
enthusiasm – great eagerness He lost his enthusiasm for his studies.
lush – thick growing The field is lush green (ସବୁଜିମାରେ ଭରା )
mark – celebrate (ପାଳନ କରନ୍ତି)
brisk – rapid or quick (ଦ୍ରୁତ ବା କ୍ଷିପ୍ର) The leopard chases its prey (ଶିକାର) with brisk feet.
cymbal – round metal plates used as musical tools (ଝାଞ୍ଜ ବା କରତାଳ ( ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର)
bamboo clapper – musical tools made of boards of bamboo
generation – all the people born in the same period (ପିଢ଼ି)
picturesque – full of enchanting scenery (ସୁନ୍ଦର ଦୃଶ୍ୟପୂଣ୍ଣ) Chilika is a picturesque lake.
to discard – to use no more I want to discard my old thoughts.( ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବାପାଇଁ)
prosperity – success with money (ଆର୍ଥିକ ପ୍ରଗତି ବା ଉନ୍ନତି) May you live in peace and prosperit’’.
congregation – a gathering of people (particularly devotees at a sacred place One can see a huge congregation at Pun Badadanda on the occasion of the Car Festival.
feature – include something important The religion features lots of music and dance.
iconic – symbolic (ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ)
indie – a pop group or a rock music group (ଏକ ପପ୍ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ବା ରକ୍ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଦଳ)
revive – to renew to bring the past back again (ପୁନରୁତ୍ ଥାନ କରିଥାଏ ) A few hours of rest can revive your energy.
sumptuous – very rich and with a lot of variety( ରମଣୀୟ ଓ ବିଭିନ୍ନତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ, ସୁନ୍ଦର )
ritual – religious rites (ଧାମକ ପ୍ରଜାପଦ୍ଧତି / ରୀତିନୀତି) The Hindus have a lot of rituals.
plane – progress
instructed – suggested or told formally (ଆନୁଷ୍ଠାନିକ ଭାବରେ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା )
take place – happen / occur I come about In Odisha thirteen festivals take place in twelve months.
rhythmic – having regular pattern of sound and music ( ଛନ୍ଦ ବା ତାଳ (ଧ୍ୱନି ଓ ସଙ୍ଗୀତର )
form the soul of – form the inner part of (ମୂଳପିଣ୍ଡ ଗଠନ କରିଥାଏ)
preserve – to protect ( ସଂରକ୍ଷତ କରିବାପାଇଁ)
oral history – historical information passed from generation to generation by the tongues of people ( ମୋଖୁ ଇତିହାସ )
headgear – clothing on (he head for a religious purpose) (ଧାର୍ମିକ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ)
heritage – history of ancient traditions (ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଐତିହ୍ୟ) India has a glorious heritage.
sporting event – athletics activity
situated – located (ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଥିବା) Odisha is situated on the east coast of India.
lunar month – the average time between one new moon and the next (ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ମାସ)
sacred – holy, auspicious (ପବିତ୍ର) The Veda is a sacred epic
to commemorate – to remind people of something (ସ୍ୱର୍ଗୀୟ କରାଇଦେବା ପାଇଁ)
enlightenment – the act of acquiring heavenly knowledge
fascinating – extremely interesting or attractive (ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ) Sikkim is a fascinating state.
extensive – largest, highest in space or amount Harish is having extensive preparation for the examination.
ask for – to beg somebody something I asked the father for fifty rupees.
calamity (N) – unexpected disaster causing a lot of damage Earthquake is a huge natural calamity. (ଦୁର୍ବିପାକ ବା ବିପର୍ଯ୍ୟୟ )
bring out – make / showcase, expose (ଉଜାଗର କରିଥାଏ)
unique – extra-ordinary (ଅଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ, ଅସାଧାରଣ ) It was a unique event God is unique to all.
diverse – manifold (ବିବିଧତାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ) or various India has diverse cultures.
clad – covered (ଆଚ୍ଛାଦତ ) The ground is clad in snow.
has provided – has given (ଦେଇଛି) He has provided a lot of money for the project.
attire – clothes (ପୋଷାକ) We are in the best attires during festivals.
to drive away – to eliminate We use mosquito nets to drive away mosquitoes.
melodious – very sweet Lata has a melodious voice.
immense – tremendous We get immense joy during festivals.
thriving – growing Monsoon is a crop-thriving season.