Class 11

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 11 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Ex 14(d) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Solutions Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Exercise 14(d)

Question 1.

Find the derivative of the following functions ‘an initio’, that is, using the definition.
(i) 2x³
Solution:

(ii) x⁴
Solution:

(iii) x² + 1
Solution:

(iv) \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Solution:

(v) \(\frac{1}{3 x+2}\)
Solution:

(vi) \(\frac{1}{x^2}\)
Solution:

(vii) \(\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Solution:

(viii) t(t – 1)
Solution:

(ix) s² – bs + 5
Solution:

(x) √x
Solution:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}}=\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{z}}\)

(xi) tan θ
Solution:

(xii) cos 2θ
Solution:

(xiii) x sin x
Solution:

Question 2.
Find the derivative of the following function from the definition at the indicated points. Test whether the following functions are differentiable at the indicated points. If so find the derivative.
(i) x⁴ at x = 2
Solution:

(ii) 2x² + x + 1 at x = 1
Solution:

(iii) x³ + 2x² – 1 at x = 0
Solution:
Let x³ + 2x² – 1
Then \(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{x=0}\) = \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}\left[\frac{\left(h^3+2 h^2-1\right)-(-1)}{h}\right]\)
= \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}\) (h² + 2h) = 0

(iv) tan x at x = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)
Solution:

(v) \(\sqrt{3 x+2}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(vi) In x at x = 2
Solution:

(vii) \(e^x\) at x = 1
Solution:

(viii) sin² θ at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
Solution:

Question 3.
\(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\) at x = -1
Solution:
We know that a function f(x) is differentiable at a point
x = c if (i) L.H.D. exists
(ii) R.H.D. exists
(iii) L.H.D. = R.H.D
Let f(x) = \(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\)

Thus L.H.D. and R.H.D. both exist and L.H.D. = R.H.D.
Hence f(x) is differentiable at x = -1 and the derivative is –\(\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 4.
√x at x = 0
Solution:
Let f(x) = √x
Then f(0) = 0

Question 5.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
1-x, x \leq \frac{1}{2} \\
x, x>\frac{1}{2}
\end{array} \text { at } x=\frac{1}{2}\right.\)
Solution:

Question 6.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
\sin \frac{1}{x}, x \neq 0 \\
0, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:
f(0) = 0

Question 7.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
x^2 \sin \frac{1}{x^{\prime}}, x \neq 0 \\
0, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:
f(0) = 0

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Telegram, E-mail Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Telegram, E-mail Writing

Telegram

An ordinary letter may take two or three days to reach the addressee; if the message is urgent we send a telegram. Telegrams are the most common means of sending urgent messages if has an advantage over the telephone in that a written communication will be available for future reference. When you write a telegram, you have to limit your meaning to, the fewest possible words, since the amount you have to pay depends on the number of words you use in your telegram. In reducing the length of a message, you should not make it vague.

Remember the following points :
1. You can leave out articles, prepositions, and similar words that do not carry meaning in themselves but help to construct grammatical sentences.
2. Time or quantity or number could be clearly specified.
3. The address must be complete.
4. When in doubt, add a word rather than omit it.
5. Use capital letters.

Activity 1

Here are some messages which need to be sent as telegrams. Go through them carefully, strike off the words you think unnecessary and rewrite each one in the form of a telegram.
The first one has been done for you.
1. (My) bag (has) (been) stolen. (I) (have) no money send Rs. 1000 immediately (in) (the) care (of) ELTI Hostel.

Hence, the telegram is to be written in the following manner:

Now convert the following messages into telegrams :
2. Money has been sent. You should contact the Warden on Wednesday. Write back. Father.
3. I am unable to arrive on Tuesday. There is a meeting on Wednesday. You may postpone it to Friday.
4. I am reaching you with my family on 20th February by the Konark Express.

Answer:
(2) MONEY SENT (.) CONTACT WARDEN WEDNESDAY (.) WRITE BACK. FATHER
(3) NOT ARRIVING TUESDAY (.) MEETING WEDNESDAY (.) POSTPONE TO FRIDAY
(4) REACHING WITH FAMILY TWENTIETH FEBRUARY KONARK

Activity 2

Here are some letters which you have to convert into telegrams. Go through them carefully and identify the main ideas, which the telegrams should contain. The main ideas of the first letter have been identified and underlined.

1. “We haven’t heard from you for more than two months. We have written a number of letters to you. but you haven’t written us back. We are extremely worried. We hope and pray you are not ill. Please send a wire immediately about your welfare. If we do not hear from you this week, we will come to
Rourkela.”
2. “There is nothing to worry. I’m perfectly well. I couldn’t write because I had gone to IIT, Kharagpur on a study tour. Then I visited a friend in Calcutta for a few days. I am sorry for not writing.”
3. “Last evening Grandmother complained of severe pain in the stomach. We sent for a doctor. He gave her an injection and asked us to move her to hospital. He said her appendix had to be removed. The operation is on 10th. Mother wants you to come.”
4. “Our college is organising an educational tour to South India for 15 days. The tour will be very useful. We will be visiting many temples, museums and art galleries. All my friends are going. Please send Rs. 3,000 immediately. On my return I’ll write about the places we have visited.”

Answer:
(1) NOT HEARD FROM YOU EXTREMELY WORRIED SEND WIRE IMMEDIATELY ABOUT YOUR WELFARE
(2) DON’T WORRY PERFECTLY WELL HAD GONE STUDY TOUR AND COULD NOT WRITE SORRY
(3) GRANDMOTHER HOSPITALISED APPENDIX OPERATION TENTH COME
(4) COLLEGE ORGANISING SOUTH INDIA EDUCATIONAL TOUR ALL FRIENDS GOING SEND THREE THOUSAND IMMEDIATELY

Activity 3

A number of situations have been described below. You are required to draft a telegram to suit each situation. A part of each telegram is given. Can you complete the telegram?
1. Three months ago, that is, on 15 October, you ordered a dictionary from the Modem Book Depot, Station Square, Bhubaneswar. You have not received the book. You want the shop to send the book without further delay.
2. You are appearing for the +2 Examination. Unfortunately, you have not received your Admit Card. You want the council authorities to allow you to take the examination pending receipt of the Admit Card.
3. You are returning home (from Bangalore) for the holidays. You had written to your father that you would arrive on Sunday morning, but as berths are not available, you have to change your travel plans. You will now arrive two days later, by a different train. Draft a telegram informing your father of the change.
4. Prof. Mishra is in Delhi on tour. He was supposed to return to Bhubaneswar for an important meeting but has been held up in Delhi because of bad weather. He wants to inform his office of what happened and to apologize for not attending the meeting. Draft a telegram for him.

Answer:
(1) DICTIONARY ORDERED FIFTEEN OCTOBER NOT RECEIVED SENT IMMEDIATELY
(2) PLUS TWO ARTS ADMIT CARDS NOT RECEIVED PERMIT APPEARING EXAMINATION PENDING RECEIPT
(3) BERTHS NOT AVAILABLE CHANGED PLANS ARRIVING TUESDAY HOWRAH MAIL
(4) STRANDED DUE TO BAD WEATHER AND UNABLE TO ATTEND MEETING APOLOGIES

Activity 4

Read the following situations and draft suitable telegrams for each.

1. Your brother has booked tickets by the Howrah Mail and will arrive from Madras on Saturday morning. On Thursday, there is an announcement on TV that a cyclone is likely to hit coastal Orissa in the next 48 hours. Draft a telegram to be sent to your brother asking him to cancel the journey.
2. You have received a 13-volume set of Brilliant Tutorials Elite 2009. But when you unpack the parcel you find that volume 10 is missing. Draft a telegram to the bookseller.

Answer:
(1) POSTPONE JOURNEY CANCEL TICKETS DANGEROUS CYCLONE HITTING ORISSA COAST SATURDAY
(2) RECEIVED BRILLIANT ELITE SET. VOLUME TEN IS MISSING SEND IT IMMEDIATELY

E-MAIL

E-mail is a medium that has revolutionized the way in which we communicate with each other. It is relatively now very popular E-mail makes it possible to communicate cheaply and almost instantly with people anywhere in the world – provided they have access to a computer. You can send any type of message, from a single word to a book-length document complete with pictures and sound files. The recipient can respond at once or think carefully before replying. You can communicate just with one person or with a large group, every member of which can participate as much or as little as they wish. E-mails inhabit a shape somewhere between personal meetings, telephones, and letters. Like telephones, they are quick and inexpensive. They are a fairly new technology. The format of e-mail is quite simple, just like the telegram form, but there is no room for capital letters in the former. Write e-mail IDs after TV: and from :

Now write e-mails for the 4 situations given in Activity 3.
Answer:
(1)
To: mbd@yahoomail.com
CC :
From: bckhuntia; g mail.com
Date: 20.11.2009
Re: Request for dictionary
Sir,
Despite my order to you in connection with a dictionary on 15 October, you haven’t sent it yet. I would request to despatch the same as soon as possible.
BC Khuntia

(2)
To : secretary council @ g mail.com
SC :
From : kunal patnaik@yahoo.mail
Date: 14.2.20
Re: Request for Admit card
Sir,
Since I have not received my admit card for the +2 Final Examination, I would request you to allow me to take the examination pending the receipt of Admit Card.
Kunal Patnaik

(3)
To : sckhuntia®yahoo mail.com
From : vedadya khuntia@g mail.com
Date : 11.9.20
Papa,
Since berths are not available, I cannot reach home on Sunday morning. I will arrive two days later, by a different train.
Ved

(4)
To: vice-chancellor, Ravenshaw college@yahoo mail.com
CC :
From: pmishra@g mail.com
Date: 4.11.20_
Re: Apology for not attending the meeting
Sir,
Since I have been stranded in Delhi, due to bad weather, I am unable to attend the meeting and beg apology for the same.
P Mishra

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Business Letter Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Business Letter Writing

Business Letters

A business letter is written for a particular purpose. Its aim is to transact some particular business. For example The letter you write to a sports-goods firm asking for information about their products and the reply they send you are business letter.
A business letter normally has seven parts some of which are not found in personal letters.
1. Sender’s address at the top right-hand comer.

2. The Date:
As in the personal letter, the date is written or typed on the right below the sender’s address.

3. The Inside Address:
The address is placed on the left, two or three lines below the line of the date (which is on the right). Each line of the address begins on the left margin. Here are some examples :
Shenai and Shenai
Auditors
Court Chambers
Chennai – 400020
The Divisional Superintendent
Central Railway
Vijayawada – 520001

4. The Salutation:
Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, and Madam – are the most common forms.

5. The body of the letter:
This part contains the actual message to be conveyed – make your letter brief, clear and courteous. The letter need not be stiff or cold. Avoid the old formulas which were fashionable. Here are some old phrases that are no longer used : Yours of ever date to hand at your earliest convenience.

6. The subscription of the complimentary close:
The most common forms in business letters are ‘Yours truly’, and ‘Yours faithfully’. In very formal letters such as letters to high dignitaries, you will find ‘Yours respectfully’, ‘Yours obediently’ or ‘Your obedient servant’. If you have used a personal name in the salutation, the subcription should be ‘Yours sincerely’.

7. The Signature:
The formal letter requires your full signature. Characteristics of a good business letter
1. A business letter must be courteous and considerable
2. It should be precise and clear.
3. It must be complete.
4. A business letter must be brief.

Activity 9

Here is a letter about the introduction of a new mosquito-repellant. Read it carefully, paying attention to the various points.

Quality Marketing Agency
27 Janpath, Bhubaneswar

4 March, 20

To
Mr. M.K. Pradhan
Managing Director
Home Products India Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Mancheswar, Bhubaneswar.
Dear Mr. Pradhan,
As requested by you, vide your letter No. MD/NS/2233 dated 2.2.20 we have carried out a market survey to check the public’s acceptance of the new mosquito repellant which your company plans to manufacture. We conducted an opinion poll covering 1000 families in the coastal districts of Orissa. Forty percent of these families use mosquito repellants, but most of them are unhappy with the existing products in the market. They find the electronic repellants too expensive while the coil-based ones emit too much smoke.

The preference is for an expensive product, preferably one that produces no smoke. Our study suggests there may be a good market for a new repellant, provided these requirements are kept in mind. We recommend that your company should concentrate on manufacturing an improved kind of smoke-free mosquito coil, preferably one that produces a pleasant fragrance.
Yours sincerely,
S.K. Patnaik Director of
Research Quality
Marketing Agency

Answer the following questions.
1. Who made the request for the study?
2. By whom was the study made?
3. What was the purpose of the study?
4. What kind of procedure was used for the study?
5. What were the findings from the study?
6. What was the conclusion arrived at?
7. What was the recommendation made?
Did you observe that Mr. S. K. Patnaik did not use the official letter format as he was using a printed letterhead?

Answer:
1. Mr. A. K. Pradhan, the Managing Director, of Home Products India Ltd, had made the request for the study.
2. The study was made by the Quality Marketing Agency.
3. The purpose of the study was to test the public’s acceptance of a new mosquito repellant.
4. The Quality Marketing Agency conducted an opinion poll covering a thousand families in the coastal district of Orissa to know their opinion on mosquito repellants available in the market.
5. The study revealed that people were not satisfied either with electronic repellants or coil-based ones. They showed a preference for a less expensive product and that which produces no smoke.
6. It was concluded that there is a market for a new repellant that is less expensive. Besides, it produces no smoke.
7. It was recommended that Home Products Ltd. should manufacture a smoke-free mosquito coil and one that produces a pleasant smell.

Activity 10

Imagine that you are the President of the Literary Society of your College. Your Society plans to publish a journal. You have asked the Secretary of the Society to contact all the printing firms in the town and to select one of them to print your journal.
Here is the letter that the Secretary submitted to you. Some parts of the letter are missing. Supply the missing parts.

LITERARY SOCIETY
………………… COLLEGE

5 February,

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
S. Pujari
Secretary

Answer:

Literary Society
B.J.B. College, Bhubaneswar

5 February, 20

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
As desired by you a team consisting of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the society contacted all five printing firms in town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal.

All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing. Since we do not need the copies of the journal till a month later, we could consider the offer of Rasmita Printers as it will cost us Rs. 500/- less than the offers quoted by other printing firms.
Yours faithfully,
Puja Udgata
Secretary

Activity 11

A customer approached a bank for a house-building loan. Before sanctioning the loan, the Branch Manager asked the Field Officer to examine the application and suggest whether the loan should be sanctioned. The following is the letter that the Field Officer wrote. Some parts of the letter are missing. Re-write the missing parts, using the hints supplied.

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3rd March,

To
Mr. M. Mishra
Branch Manager
SBI PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar.
Sir,
1. As described by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February, I examined the application of Mr. J. K. Panda for a house-building loan. (inspection of the site – examination of documents – Mr. Panda interviewed)
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveals : (ownership and size of the plot – whether the plot is a disputed one – Mr. Panda’s monthly income, and whether any other loan has been taken by Mr. Panda – Conclusion).
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Answer:

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3 March, 20.

Prof. M. Mishra
Branch Manager SBI
PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar
Sir,
1. As desired by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February 20, I examined the application of Mr. J.K. Panda for a house-building loan. I also personally inspected the site, interviewed Mr. Panda, and examined the documents relating to the plot.
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveal that the site is an undisputed one. To date, all land cess has been paid and the plot is litigation free. Mr. J.K. Panda is the owner of the plot and he has clear papers certifying its ownership. The plot is 112 decimals in size and its market value is around Rs. 8.00 lakhs. Mr. Panda also has a regular income of Rs. 15,000 and has no outstanding loan in his account.
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 11 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 16 Probability Ex 16(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Solutions Chapter 16 Probability Exercise 16(a)

Question 1.
A coin was tossed twice. Find the probability of getting.
(i) exactly one head
Solution:
A coin is tossed twice.
∴ S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}, |S| = 4
Let A be the event of getting exactly one head.
∴ A = {HT, TH} ⇒ |A| = 2
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(ii) at least one head
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at least one head.
∴ B = {HT, TH, HH}
∴ |B| = 3
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{4}\)

(iii) at most one head
Solution:
Let C be the events of getting at most one head
∴ C = {HT, TH, TT} ⇒ |C| = 3
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|C|}{|S|}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 2.
A coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of getting.
Solution:
A coin is tossed three times.
∴ S = {HHH, HTT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HHT, TTT}
∴ |S| = 8

(i) all heads
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting all heads.
∴ A = {HHH} ⇒ O(A) = 1
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{1}{8}\)

(ii) at most 2 heads
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at most 2 heads.
∴ B = {HTT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HHT, TTT} ⇒ |B| = 7
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{7}{8}\)

(iii) at least 2 heads.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting at least 2 heads.
∴ C = {HTH, THH, HHT, HHH} ⇒ |C| = 4
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{C}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 3.
List all possible outcomes when a die is rolled twice or a pair of dice is rolled once. Then find the probability that
Solution:
A die is rolled twice
∴ S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ |S| = 36

(i) Sum of points is 10
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the sum 10.
∴ A = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)} ⇒ |A| = 3
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{3}{16}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(ii) sum of points is at least 10
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the sum at least 10.
∴ B = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4) (5, 6) (6, 5) (6, 6)} ⇒ |B| = 6
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\)

(iii) sum of points is at most 10.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting the sum 11 or 12.
∴ C = {(5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} ⇒ |C| = 3
The C is the event of getting the sum at most 10.
∴ P(C’) = 1 – P(C’) =  1 – \(\frac{3}{36}=\frac{33}{36}\)

Question 4.
A die rolled twice. Find the probability that the result of the first roll exceeds the result of the second roll by
Solution:
A die rolled twice S = \(\left\{\begin{array}{llllll}
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}\right\}\)
∴ |S| = 36

(i) 3
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the 2nd roll by 3.
∴  A = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3)} ⇒ |A| = 3
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{36}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(ii) at least 3
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the second roll by at least 3.
∴ B = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), (5,1), (6, 2), (6, 1)}
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\)

(iii) at most 3
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the 2nd roll by 4 or 5.
∴ A ={(5, 1), (6, 2), (6, 1)}
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{|A|}{|S|}\)
= 1 – \(\frac{3}{36}=\frac{33}{36}=\frac{11}{12}\)

Question 5.
A card is selected from 100 cards numbered 1 to 100. If a card is selected at random, find the probability that the number on the card is
Solution:
A card is selected from 100 cards numbered 1 to 100.
∴ |S| = 100

(i) divisible by 5
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the card whose number is divisible by 5.
∴ A = {5, 10, 15, 20, ….. 10} ⇒ |A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{20}{100}=\frac{1}{5}\)

(ii) divisible by 2
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the card whose number is divisible by 2.
∴ B = {2, 4, 6, 8,…., 100} ⇒ |B| = 50
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|B|}{|S|}=\frac{50}{100}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) divisible by both 2 and 5
Solution:
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 5 then it is divisible by 10. Let A be a such an event.
∴ A ={10, 20, 30,……,100} ⇒ |A| = 10
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{10}{100}=\frac{1}{10}\)

(iv) divisible by either 2 or 5.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the number divisible by 2 and B be the event of getting the number divisible by 5.
∴ A = {2, 4, 6,……… 100}
B = {5, 10, 15, 20, ……, 100}
∴ A ∩ B = {10, 20, 30, ….., 100} ⇒ A ∩ B = 10
∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}+\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}-\frac{|\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}\)
= \(\frac{50}{100}+\frac{20}{100}-\frac{10}{100}=\frac{60}{100}=\frac{3}{5}\)

Question 6.
Eight persons stand in a line at random. What is the probability that two person X and Y don’t stand together?
Solution:
Eight persons stand in a line at random.
∴ |S| = 8!
Let A be the event that two persons X and Y stand together. Considering X and Y as one person, the total number of persons is 7, who can stand in 7 ! × 2 ways.
∴ |A| = 2 × 7 !
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2 \times 7 !}{8 !}=\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 7.
What is the probability that four aces appear together when a pack of 52 cards is shuffled completely?
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting four aces appearing together. Then considering the four aces as one card, the total number of cards is 49, which can be shuffled in 49! × 4! ways.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{4 ! \times 49 !}{52 !}\)

Question 8.
If 8 persons are to sit around a table, what is the probability that X and Y don’t sit together?
Solution:
If 8 persons sit in a round table then the number of ways is (8 – 1)!
∴ |S| = (8 – 1)! = 7!
Let A be the event of getting that X and Y sit together. Considering X and Y as one person, the total number of persons is 7, who can be sit in 2 × 6 ! ways.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2 ! \times 6 !}{7 !}=\frac{2}{7}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{2}{7}=\frac{5}{7}\)

Question 9.
A die is rolled three times. Find the probability that the numbers obtained are in strictly increasing order.
Solution:
A die is rolled three times.
|S| = 6³ = 216
Let A be the event of getting the numbers in strictly increasing order.
A = {(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 4, 5), (3, 5, 6), (4, 5, 6), (3, 4, 6)} ⇒ |A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{20}{216}\)

Question 10.
Three phonorecords are removed from their jackets, played with, and then returned to the jackets at random. Find the probability that
Solution:
Three phonorecords are removed from their jackets, played with, and returned to the jackets at random. Let the records be numbered 1, 2, and 3, and let their jackets be similarly numbered 1, and 2,3. The number of ways in which the records can be put in their jackets is 3! = 6.
S = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 2
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 3 & 2
\end{array}\right),\right.\)
\(\left.\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 2 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)

(i) none of the records goes to the right jacket
Solution:
Let A be the event that none of the records goes to the right jacket.
∴ A = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 2
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) just one record goes to the right jacket.
Solution:
Let A be the event that none of the records goes to the right jacket.
∴ A = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 3 & 2
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 2 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) just two records go to the right jackets.
Solution:
Let B be the event that just two records goes to the right jackets. When two records goes to the right jackets, then it is obvious that the 3rd jacket must go to the right jacket.
∴ B = Φ
∴ P(B) = 0

(iv) all three of them go to the right jackets.
Solution:
Let C be the event that all 3 of them go to the right jackets.
∴ C = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{C}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{1}{6}\)

Question 11.
Four records are taken out of their jackets, played and returned to the jackets at random. Find the probability that
Solution:
Four records are taken out of their jackets, played and returned to the jackets at random.
∴ The number of ways in which the records can be put is 4!
∴ |S| = 24

(i) none of the records goes into the right jacket.
Solution:
Let the records and jackets be denoted as R₁, R₂, R₃, R_4, and J₁, J₂, J₃, J₄, respectively.
Considering \(\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_1 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_3
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_1 & \mathrm{~J}_3
\end{array}\right)\)
\(\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_3 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_1
\end{array}\right)\)
∴ When R₁ be put in J₂, there are 2 such cases. Similarly when R₁ be put in J₃ and J₄ the number of such cases is 3 each.
∴ The total number of ways in which none of the records goes to the right jackets is 3 × 3 = 9.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{15}{24}=\frac{5}{8}\)

(ii) at least one record is put in the right jacket.
Solution:
The number of ways in which at least one record goes to the right jacket, i.e. 1, 2, 3 of 4 records goes to the right jacket is 24 – 9 = 15.
∴ ItS probability = \(\frac{15}{24}=\frac{5}{8}\)

Question 12.
Let A and B be events with P(A) = \(\frac{3}{8}\), P(B) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{1}{4}\). Find
(i) P(A ∪ B)
Solution:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{3}{8}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3+4-2}{8}=\frac{5}{8}\)

(ii) P(A^c) and P(B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{3}{8}=\frac{5}{8}\)
P(B^c) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) P(A^c ∪ B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c ∪ B^c) = P(A ∩ B)^c = 1 – (A ∩ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

(iv) P(A^c ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c ∩ B^c) = P(A ∪ B)^c = 1 – (A ∪ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{5}{8}=\frac{3}{8}\)

(v) P(A ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∩ B^c)
= P(A – B) = P(A) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{3}{8}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3-2}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)

(vi) P(A^c ∩ B)
Solution:
P(A^c ∩ B)
= P(B – A) = P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

Question 13.
Let A and B be the events with P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\) P(A ∪ B) = \(\frac{3}{4}\) and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{1}{4}\), Find
(i) P(A)
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) P(B)
Solution:
we have
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
or, \(\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{3}\) +P(B) – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
or, P(B) = \(\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{3}=1-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)

(iii) P(A ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∩ B^c) = P(A – B) = P(A) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{4-3}{12}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(iv) P(A ∪ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∪ B^c) = 1 – P(A ∪ B^c)^c
= 1 – P(A^c ∪ B) = 1 – P(B – A)
= 1 – P(B) + P(A ∩ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{12-8+3}{12}=\frac{7}{12}\)

Question 14.
There are 20 defective bulbs in a box of 100 bulbs. If 10 bulbs are chosen at random what is the probability that
Solution:
There are 20 defective bulbs in a box of 100 bulbs. If 10 bulbs are chosen at random.

(i) there are just 3 defective bulbs
Solution:
|S| = ¹⁰⁰C₁₀
The number of defective bulbs is 20 so that the number of non-defective bulbs is 80.
Let A be the event of getting defective bulbs.
∴ |A| = ²⁰C₃ × ⁸⁰C₇
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{80} \mathrm{C}_7}{{ }^{100} \mathrm{C}_{10}}\)

(ii) there are at least 3 defective balls.
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at least 3 defective bulbs.
∴ B’ is the event of getting at most 2 defective bulbs.

Question 15.
A pair of dice is rolled once. Find the probability that the maximum of the two numbers
Solution:
A pair of dice is rolled once.
∴ S = \(\left\{\begin{array}{llllll}
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}\right\}\)
∴ |S| = 6² = 36

(i) is greater than 4
Solution:
A be the event of getting the maximum of two numbers greater than 4.
|A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{20}{36}\)

(ii) is 6.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the maximum of two numbers is 6.
∴ A ={(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1)}
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{IS}|}=\frac{15}{36}\)

Question 16.
4 girls and 4 boys sit in a row. Find the probability that
Solution:
4 girls and 4 boys sit in a row.
∴ |S| = 8 !

(i) the four girls are together
Solution:
Let A be the event that 4 girls are together. Considering 4 girls as one, the total number of children is 5 which can be sit in 5! × 4! ways.
∴ |A| = 5! × 4!
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{\mid \mathrm{Al}}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{5 ! \times 4 !}{8 !}\)

(ii) the boys and girls sit in alternate seats.
Solution:
When the boys and girls sit in alternate positions. So the arrangement can be as follows:
BC₁BC₁BC₁BC₁
C₁BC₁BC₁BC₁B
∴ The total number of ways = 2(4! × 4!)
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{2 \times 4 ! \times 4 !}{8 !}\)

Question 17.
A committee of 3 is to be chosen from among 10 people including X and Y. Find the probability that
Solution:
A committee of 3 is to be chosen from among 10 people including X and Y.
∴ |S| = ¹⁰C₃

(i) X is the committee
Solution:
Let A be the event that X is in the committee. So we have chosen 2 persons from 9 persons in ⁹C₂ ways
∴ |A| = ⁹C₂
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

(ii) X or Y belongs to the committee
Solution:
Let B be the event that X or Y belongs to the committee,
When X is in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^9 C_2}{{ }^{10} C_3}\)
When Y is the in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^9 C_2}{{ }^{10} C_3}\)
When X and Y both are in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)
∴ Probability that X or Y is in the committee
= \(\frac{{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2+{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2-{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}=\frac{2 \times{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2-{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

(iii) X and Y belong to the committee.
Solution:
When X and Y are both in the committee, we have to choose 1 person from 8 persons in ⁸C₁ ways.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

Question 18.
A class consists of 25 boys and 15 girls. If a committee of 6 is to be chosen at random, find the probability that
Solution:
A class consists of 25 boys and 15 girls. A committee of6 is to be chosen at random.
∴ |S| = ⁴⁰C₆

(i) all members of the committee are girls.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting all members of the committee are girls.
∴ |A| = ⁴⁰C₆
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(ii) all members of the committee are boys.
Solution:
If all members of the committee are boys, then its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(iii) there are exactly 3 boys in the committee.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting exact 3 boys in the committee.
∴ |A| = ²⁵C₃ × 1⁵C₃
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_3}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(iv) there are exactly 4 girls in the committee.
Solution:
Let B the event of getting exactly 4 girls in the committee.
∴ |B| = ¹⁵C₄ × ²⁵C₂
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_4 \times{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_2}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(v) there is at least one girl in the committee.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting at least one girl in the committee.
∴ C’ is the event of getting no girl in the committee.
∴ |C’| = ²⁵C₆ ∴ P|C’| = \(\frac{\left|\mathrm{C}^{\prime}\right|}{|\mathrm{S}|}\)
∴ P(C) = 1 – P(C’) = 1 – \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

Question 19.
There are 20 boys and 10 girls in the class. If a committee of 6 is to be chosen at random having at least 2 boys and 2 girls, find the probability that
Solution:
There are 20 boys and 10 girls in the class. A committee of 6 is to be chosen at random having at least 2 boys and 2 girls.

(20) Boys	(10) girls
2	4
3	3
4	2

∴ |S| = (²⁰C₂ × ¹⁰C₄) + (²⁰C₃ × ¹⁰C₃) + (²⁰C₄ × ¹⁰C₂)

(i) there are 3 boys in the committee.
Solution:
When there are 3 boys in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}{|\mathrm{~S}|}\)

(ii) there are 4 boys in the committee.
Solution:
When there are 4 boys in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_4 \times{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_2}{|\mathrm{~S}|}\)

Question 20.
There are 120 students in a class who have opted for the following MIL. English 20, Oriya 70, Bengali 30. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student is studying.
Solution:
There are 120 students in a class who have opted for the English 20, Oriya 70, Bengali 30.
∴ |S| = 120.
Let Be be the event of getting Bengali and E be the event of getting English.

(i) Bengali or English
Solution:
Since B and E are mutually exclusive events.
P(B ∪ E) = P(B) + P(E)
= \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}+\frac{|\mathrm{E}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{30}{120}+\frac{20}{120}=\frac{50}{120}\)

(ii) neither Bengali nor English.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting neither Bengali nor English, i.e. A is the event of getting Odia only.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{70}{120}\)

Question 21.
Sometimes, probability of an event A is expressed as follows. We say that odds in favour of A are x toy if P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\). Similarly, we say that odds against A are x to y if P(A) = \(\frac{y}{x+y}\). Find P(A) and P(A)^c if
Solution:
Odds in favour of A are x to y if P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\)
Odds against A are x to y if P (A) = \(\frac{y}{x+y}\)

(i) odds in favour of A are 2 to 5.
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\) = \(\frac{2}{2+5}=\frac{2}{7}\)
and P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{2}{7}=\frac{5}{7}\)

(ii) odds against A are 4 to 3.
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{3}{4+3}=\frac{3}{7}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{3}{7}=\frac{4}{7}\)

Question 22.
Six dice are rolled. Find the probability that all six faces show different numbers.
Solution:
Six dice are rolled once.
∴ |S| = 6⁶
Let A be the event that all six faces show different numbers.
∴ |S| = 6!
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{6 !}{6^6}\)

Question 23.
There are 60 tickets in a bag numbered 1 through 60. Ifa ticket is picked at random, find the probability that the number on it is divisible by 2 or 5 and is not divisible by any of the numbers 3, 4, 6.
Solution:
There are 60 tickets in a bag numbered 1 through 60. A ticket is to be chosen, whose number is divisible by 2 or 5 and is not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
∴ |S| = 6 !
Let A be the event of getting the numbers divisible by 2 but not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
B be the event of getting* the numbers divisible by 5 but not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
∴ A = {2, 10, 14, 22, 26, 34, 38, 46, 50, 58}
B = {5, 10, 25, 35, 50, 55}
A ∩ B = {10, 50}
∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{10+6-2}{60}=\frac{14}{60}\)

Question 24.
Compute P (A Δ B) in terms of P (A), P (B) and P (A ∩ B) where A Δ B denotes the symmetric difference of A and B.
Solution:
P (A Δ B) = P[(A – B)∪ (B – A)]
= P (A – B) + P (B – A) as (A – B) n (B – A) = Φ
= P[A – (A ∩ B)]+ P[B – (A ∩ B)]
= P(A) – P(A ∩ B) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A ∩ B)

Question 25.
Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are placed at random on a book shelf. Find the probability that all volumes of both the books will be found together.
Solution:
Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are placed at random on a book shelf.
∴ |S| = 8 !
When all volumes of both the books will find together, then considering the volumes as one book each, we have the total number of books is 2, which can be arranged in 2 × 3! × 5!
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{2 \times 3 ! \times 5 !}{8 !}\)

Question 26.
2 black cards and 2 red cards are lying face down on the table, If you guess their colours, find the probability that you get
Solution:
2 black cards and 2 red cards are lying face down on the table.
∴ We can guess their colours in \(\frac{4 !}{2 ! 2 !}\) = 4 ways
Cards kept face down as:
A student can guess:

(a)	B	B	R	R
(b)	B	R	B	R
(c)	B	R	R	B
(d)	R	R	B	B
(e)	R	B	R	B
(f)	R	B	B	R

(i) none of them right
Solution:
A student can guess none of them right only in case (d).
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

(ii) two of them right
Solution:
A student can guess two of them right in (b), (c), (d), (f).
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\)

(iii) all four of them right
Solution:
The student can guess all 4 of them right in (a) only.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Official Letter Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Official Letter Writing

Official Letters

A letter written to an official, in most cases, deals with some problem that concerns the writer.
Characteristics of good official letters
(a) Introduction
(b) Information
(c) Conclusion
The problem of the writer is briefly introduced in the first person. It is then elaborated on and substantiated in the second section. concluding section throws light on a specific request for a solution to the writer’s problem.

Activity 5

Here is a letter written by a Ward Member of Berhampur Municipality to the local Police Station. Read it carefully.

From
Dr. N.T. Rao, Member
Berhampur Municipal Council
Ward – 1
Dated 1 June, 20
To
The Officer-in-Charge
Baidyanathpur Police Station
Komapalli Berhampur
Sub: Request for Night Patrol Sir,
I write to draw your attention to the frequent occurrence of thefts of house-breaking in our locality during the last couple of weeks. last night, my neighbor lost all his valuables in a case of house-breaking. After receiving an urgent call, he had gone to his village in the evening with his family. He had locked all the doors, but when he returned in the morning, to his dismay.

he found the back door broken and all his valuables stolen. Last week, another neighbor lost his scooter. Someone broke open the grill gate during the night and took away his scooter. Cases of bicycle lifting have rather become common in our locality. We have reasons to believe that there is a gang operating in this area. I request you to provide extra police patrol at night and take urgent steps to nab the gang.
Yours faithfully,
N.T.Rao

Now read the letter again and answer the following questions.

Who is it from?
What is the problem he is writing about?
In which paragraph does he provide the details?
What are they?
What is the request made?
Answer:
(a) The letter is from N. T. Rao.
(b) He is writing about frequent occurrences of theft and house-breaking in his locality.
(c) He provides the details in paragraph 2.
(d) They refer to his neighbor’s house-breaking and theft of valuables. Above all, Dr. Rao refers to frequent bicycle lifting and the theft of a scooter from his neighbor.
(e) He requests the police to provide extra patrolling at night to catch the gang involved in house-breaking and theft.

Activity 6

Complete this letter which Mr. Sahu writes to the Chief District Medical Officer about some problems in the local hospital.

From
Mr.Srinivas Sahu,
Sarapanch
Nua Patna Gram Panchayat
Tigiria, Cuttack
14 Mar, 20_
To
The Chief District Medical Officer,
Cuttack
Sub: Steps to improve facilities in the hospital Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to some serious problems that the local hospital in Nigeria has been facing for some time. (The problems: inadequate staff; vacant posts not filled; unsanitary conditions; garbage dumped all around; poor maintenance of buildings and equipment; shortage of essential medicines, etc.) (Action requested: Yours faithfully, (Srinivas Sahu)

Answer:

Nua Patna Gram Panchayat
Tigiria, Cuttack
14, March, 20

To
The Chief District Medical Officer
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to some serious problems that the local hospital at Tigiria has been facing for some time. First of all, Tigiria has been plagued by a lack of adequate staff for the last five years. While the sanctioned strength of doctors is twelve, there are only two of them. Moreover, the two doctors now posted at Tigiria are only graduates. There is no one to man the different other departments established at the hospital’s foundation by the WHO.

One is tempted to ask what has happened to the funds/grants that are being sanctioned every year by the W.H.O. in lieu of the salary of doctors. Similarly, where there ought to be 20 nurses there are only 6; of 8 pharmacists only 2, and of 10 attendants only 1. With such a skeletal staff one wonders how such a large hospital with such a great inflow of patients, can be run.

Secondly, there is the unsanitary condition of the hospital. Wards are being cleaned only once a week. Sweepers complain about the non-availability of phenyl, bleaching powder, and other disinfectants. As a result, the environs of the hospital emit a foul smell. This is compounded by the garbage piled behind the hospital. Without an incinerator or some kind of waste disposal unit, the hospital is becoming a breeding ground for germs and viruses from which it is intended to protect people.

Thirdly, poor maintenance of buildings and equipment is having its toll on patients. The air-conditioner in the ICU is ‘under repair’ for the last year. The x-ray machine is out of order and so on. One does not know when the leaking wards will be repaired and how long it will be before the hospital is whitewashed. Finally, what is of great concern is the shortage of essential medicines.

Oral rehydration packets, Enteroquinol, Quinine, Primaquin, etc. are always in short supply thereby resulting in a number of deaths. I request you therefore to kindly visit the hospital and get a first-hand experience of the situation here. I would also request you ensure the supply of essential medicines immediately so that common deaths from dysentery and malaria do not recur. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists may also be transferred from overstaffed city hospitals.
Yours faithfully,
(Srinivas Sahu)

Activity 7

Your friend wants to send a letter to the Chairman of the Municipality complaining about the neglect of roads and drains in your locality. As he is going out, he expects you to write a letter to him. He gives you the following points. Write a letter to him.

From
Mr. Sujit Mishra
Ward Member, Municipal Council
Sector – 3, Rourkela
Date – 20 Feb, 20
To
The Chairman Rourkela Municipality
Rourkela
Sub: Improvement of civil facilities.
Sir,
– neglect of roads and drains
– roads not swept
– piles of garbage
– drains blocked
– stagnant water
– mosquitoes and flies
– place unhygienic
– request to clean the roads and drains twice every week
Yours faithfully,
(Sujit Mishra)

Answer:

Sector – 3
Rourkela
20, February, 20

To
The Chairman
Rourkela Municipality
Rourkela
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the unsanitary conditions that plague our locality. There is complete neglect of roads and drains in our sector. The roads are seldom swept and piles of garbage can be seen at every comer. Moreover, as some of the garbage has been washed into the drains by the rains, the drains have been completely blocked.

As a result, there is at least two feet of standing water in the drain. This has thus become a suitable place for the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, thereby making the whole locality unhygienic. I request you therefore to kindly see that the roads and drains are cleaned and the garbage lifted regularly so that the place is free from mosquitoes and flies and a hygienic environment prevails.
Yours faithfully,
(Sujit Mishra)

Activity 8

(a) Write a letter to the District Transport Manager, OSRTC complaining about the rude behavior of bus conductors on your route.
(b) The walls of your locality are frequently disfigured by posters. Write a letter to the police authorities expressing your disapproval and giving suggestions for overcoming the problem.
(c) There are frequent unscheduled power cuts in your locality. It seriously affects your preparation for the ensuing CHSE Examination. Write a letter to the SDO (Electricals) of your locality requesting him to check these unscheduled power cuts.
Answer:
(a)

Plot No. 106,
Jaydev Vihar
Bhubaneswar
25 Sept., 20.

To
The District Transport Manager,
OSRTC
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to the rude behavior of bus conductors on the BBSR-Cuttack route. I am a regular commuter to Cuttack as I study there. Every day I take the OSRTC Bhubaneswar-Cuttack ‘Students Special’ to Ravenshaw College. As a student I am entitled to a fifty percent concession in the fare which amounts to Rs. 3.50. But the conductor charges Rs. 4.00 every time. In spite of our repeated requests, he has been doing this regularly.

Yesterday, he stopped the bus mid-way and forced a few classmates of mine, out of the bus. He even threatened them with dire consequences if they reported him and did not pay Rs. 4.00 as fare. Moreover, he takes in passengers other than students on the bus and charges them Rs. 10.00/- for dropping them off near Ravenshaw. As a result, many bona fide students are deprived of this facility.

It is a well-known fact that this conductor is a goonda and therefore he treats the passengers with little respect and has the bus move according to his own whims and fancy with unscheduled stops and erratic timing. As a result other conductors to have become lackadaisical in their work and high-handed with passengers. I request you therefore to look into the matter and take action to transfer the conductor in question to some other zone so as to pacify and solve the problems of the students.
Yours faithfully,
Prabhat Mishra

(b)

College Square
Cuttack
30 July, 20

To
The Station House Officer Cantonment Police Station Cantonment Road Cuttack Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to the disfiguring of walls in our locality. As you are aware Cuttack Chandi is graced by the Chandi temple as well as many educational institutions like the Sailabala Women’s College and Christ College. It is sad that the walls of this temple that houses the goddess and the walls of these temples of learning are disfigured by posters of films, posters advertising meetings or Tutorials, etc. Right in front of the Chandi Temple, the wall of Sailabala College provides a convenient place for posters.

But the sight of nude film posters is not only disconcerting but also ugly to look at. Similarly, the walls of Christ College have been disfigured by posters. Walls of private houses paralleling the wall of Christ College also have not been left untouched. I, therefore, request you to kindly enforce the prohibition on pasting posters on the walls of the Chandi temple as well as the colleges and private houses. The citizens’ committee is also willing to provide bamboo screens at suitable sites chosen by you, for putting up the posters.
Yours faithfully,
Santanu Mohanty

(c)

Main Road
Angul
4 March, 20

To
The SDO
CESCO
Angul
Sir,
I wish to draw your attention to the unscheduled power cuts that frequently occur in Kunjakanta. I am a student appearing for die ensuing CHSE Examination. Like me, there are numerous other friends of mine here at Kunjakanta who are taking the CHSE Examinations. All of us are deeply concerned about the unscheduled power cuts that frequently occur in our area.

The power cuts occur so erratically and with such increasing frequency as well as for such long hours that our preparation for the examination is greatly hampered. Besides, we are not even able to sleep well so that we can appear for the Examination the following morning without feeling sleepy and tired. It would not be too far-fetched to say that the power cuts are indirectly affecting our performance in the examinations.

We are not against load-shedding but with unscheduled power cuts, we are unable to plan out when we could relax and when to give time to studies. On the other hand, if load-shedding is scheduled, even for a whole hour, we could spend that time relaxing, going on walks, and thereby refreshing our minds and body. I request you therefore to view this matter seriously and prevent unscheduled power cuts.
Yours faithfully,
Ramesh Jena

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Application Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Application Writing

Applications

An important type of business letter is the letter of aplication. Usually it is written in reply to an advertisement. The following points should be borne in mind in writing a lttter of application.

A. Presentation:
The letter must be neatly written or typed. The envelope must be properly stamped and addressed.

B. Qualifications:
Your qualifications must be clearly stated, and related to the job you are applying for. You should not sound boastful, but, on the other hand, you should clearly show that you consider yourself eligible for the post.

C. Experience:
Here again give the information that is relevant to the post. If you have just completed your studies, don’t write – Experience : nil You should try to say something positive.

D. Testimonials:
These can be enclosed even if the advertisement does not ask for them.

Activity 1

Read the following advertisement and the letter of application that follows it.

Wanted Medical Representative (Male/Female) for various towns in Orissa. Write to Agrasen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Sharma Lane, Banka Bazar, Cuttack within 7 days.

College Street
Puri
9 March, 20

Sir,
I read your advertisement in The Samaj of 8 March for the post of ‘Medical Representative’. I wish to apply for the post. I am 21 years old. I have passed +2 Science in the First Division. At present I am doing B.Sc. in BJB College with Chemistry as my Honours subject. I shall take the final Examination in April this year. I hope to hold a rank in the university. I am sorry to tell you that I have no experience as a medical representative. I am, however, quite familiar with different medicines, including their names and brands. My uncle runs a small shop in Puri, where I have worked part-time during my vacations. I speak Oriya, Bengali and Hindi. Being convent educated, I am quite comfortable in English. I am enclosing copies of my certificates. If necessary I can produce a testimonial from the Principal, BJB College at the time of interview. I look forward to meeting you for a personal interview at a time convenient to you.
Yours faithfully,
S Patnaik
Sudhir Ku. Patnaik.

In the box on the left, you have the main points of the application. Notice that they are not in order. Arrange them as they occur in the letter. Also put all the points of each paragraph in separate boxes on the right. The first one has been done for you.

Answer:

Activity 2

Read the following advertisement which appeared in The Samaj on 5 August, 2009 and the application of Miss Rani Das which is left incomplete. Complete the application by writing sentences for the information provided.

Padma Commercial Institute

Applications are invited from young graduates the post Clerk-cum-Typist at Padma Commercial Institute, Bajra Kabati, Cuttack. Applications should be sent to the Administrative Officer to reach him on or before 25 August 2009. Preference will be given to candidates having experience.

Lane 2
Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur Ganjam
16 August, 20

To
The Administrative Officer
Padma Commercial Institute
Bajra Kabati
Cuttack.
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Clerk-cum-Typist as advertised in The Samaj of
5 August, 20.
H.S.C. : First Division from De Paul School, Berhampur
B.A: Second class Honours in Economics from Berhampur University
Course in typing : Speed 45 words per minute.
Age : 27 years
Health : Sound
Post held : Clerk-cum-Typist
Experience : 6 months
Organisation : NM Tutorials New Bus Stand Berhampur
Salary : Rs. 8500 pm. (consolidated)
I enclose a testimonial from the Managing Director of NM Tutorials, Berhampur, I can get relieved from my present job in two weeks if I am selected for appointment. Your faithfully (Rani Das)

Answer:

Lane 2, Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur, Ganjam
16 August, 20

To
The Administrative Officer
Padma Commercial Institute
Bajra Kabati
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Clerk-cum-Typist as advertised in The Samaj of 5 August 20. I am 27 years old and possess sound health. As far as my educational qualifications are concerned, I have passed H.S.C. in the First Division from the De Paul School and have graduated from Berhampur University with second-class honors in Economics. Besides this, I have completed a certificate course in typing from the Hindustan Commercial Institute, Berhampur. My typing speed is 45 words per minute. I am working for the NM Tutorials, Berhampur as a Clerk-cum-Typist and am drawing a salary of Rs.8500 p.m. (consolidated). I have been working in this position for the last six months. I enclose a testimonial from the Managing Director, NM Tutorials, Berhampur, and attested copies of my certificates. I shall be relieved in two weeks if I am selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully
(Miss Rani Das)

Activity 3

Here is an advertisement which your friend Girish Chandra Mohanty brought to you along with his personal details. He would like to apply for the post advertised. Can you help him ? Draft a letter of application for the job for your friend.

WANTED
SECURITY OFICER
below 50 : Apply in 15 days to
HOTEL MAYFAIR, Bhubaneswar.

Girish Chandra Mohanty
Nuapatana
Cuttack District
Orissa

– 47 years (Date of birth: 07.04.1962)
– H.S.C. (1978) Second division
– B.Sc. (1980) Second division
– Security Officer at Shakti Sugar, Baramba from 1984 to 1992
– DSP in Orissa Police from 1993 – 2008 (voluntary retirement in 2008)
– can read, speak and write Oriya, Hindi, and English
– good health, good eyesight
– gun license

Answer:

Anand Vihar
Nuapatna
Cuttack
23 Oct., 20

The Chief Manager
Hotel Mayfair
Nandankanan Road
Bhubaneswar
Sir,
I wish to apply for the position of Security Officer as advertised in The Samaj on 15 Oct., 20. I am 47 years old. I passed my H.S.C. in the Second Division in the year 1978, and B.Sc. in Second Division in 1980. At present, I am working as Security Officer at Shakti Sugar, Baramba, and have been in this position for the last 5 years. Prior to that, I had been working with the State Government as a Sub-Inspector of Police for 17 years from 1990-2006 and D.S.P. from 2006 to 2008. I took voluntary retirement in 2008. I am proficient in Oriya, Hindi, and English which I can read, write and speak. Besides this, I possess a sound physique and good eyesight. I enclose a testimonial from the Chief Executive Officer. Shakti Sugar and copies of my certificate as well as service records as S.I. of Police and D.S.P.
I shall be relieved in two weeks if I am selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully,
(Girish Ch. Mohanty)

Activity 4

Write applications in response to the following advertisements :

(a) Wanted an experienced Lady Stenographer with good knowledge of English. Contact Box No. 998, The Samaj, Cuttack.
(b) Students ! Earn your pocket money during the holidays. Door-to-door visits to promote the sale of our Washing Powder Henko. Only for residents of Sambalpur. Apply to Box No. 446, The Samaj, Sambalpur.
(c) Wanted Lady Tutor for 3 Children of Convent School : 4th, 5th and 6th standanrd. Contact Deepak Mishra, Lane-3, Gajapati Nagar, Berhampur.

Answer:
(a)

27, Kharvel Nagar
Bhubaneswar
8 Dec., 20

To
Box No 998
The Samaj
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Lady Stenographer as advertised in The Samaj of 10 Dec. 2009.
I am 22 years old. I have passed the H.S.C. in the First Division. Besides this, I have passed a certificate course in Stenography from the Padma Commercial Institute, Bhubaneswar. Presently, I am working as Steno to the Manager, Home Products Ltd., Bhubaneswar, and am drawing a consolidated pay of Rs. 5500 p.m. I have been working in this capacity for the last year. I can read, write and speak Oriya, Hindi, and English. I enclose a testimonial from the Manager, Home Products Ltd., and attested copies of my certificate. I can be relieved within a week if selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully,
(Ms. Snigdha Mohanty)

(b)

Daleipara
Sambalpur
20 Dec 20

To
Box No. 446
The Samaj
Sambalpur
Sir,
I wish to apply for the position of Door-to-Door promotional salesman as advertised in The Samaj of 17 Dec., 20. I am 20 years old. I have passed +2 Arts in the Second Division. At present, I am doing B.A. at G.M. College, Sambalpur with Political Science as the honors subject. I am in the first year of my graduation. This summer for 45 days I shall be completely free as the college is closing for vacations. Last summer after my +2 finals I worked as a newspaper delivery man and so am familiar with the lanes and by-lanes of many areas of Sambalpur. This experience I hope will stand me in good stead in door-to-door visiting. I have a cycle at my disposal and therefore going from one place to another will pose no problems. Moreover, I am fluent in Oriya, Hindi, and English which I can speak, read and write. I am enclosing copies of my certificate as well as a testimonial from the manager, of The Today News Agency, Sambalpur. I look forward to meeting you for a personal interview at a time convenient to you.
Yours faithfully,
(Shakti Das)

(c)

Hill Patna
Berhampur
14 Dec 20

To
Mr. Deepak Mishra
Lane – 3
Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur
Sir,
I am writing in connection with the advertisement which appeared recently in ‘The Samaj’, for a lady tutor. I am a trained Secondary School teacher and have taught in English medium schools. I would be interested in knowing further details about the post. I would be grateful if you could tell me what subjects the children are to be taught, for how long you expect to employ the tutor, and what salary you intend to pay. I am willing to supply full details of my qualifications and exposure. I look forward to hearing from you shortly.
Yours faithfully
S. Mishra (Miss)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Personal Letters and Notes Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Personal Letters and Notes

The art of Writing Letters

Letters form an integral part of inter-personal communication. There are different tyeps of letters – personal letters which may be informal or casual, business letters, letters of public concern which appear in the newspapers, etc. which are formal in nature.
The name ‘personal letter’, generally refers to letters written to friends and relations. Such letters are usually full of news, and are usually written in conversational style. It has six parts :
1. The address of the sender
2. The date
3. The salutation or greeting
4. The body of the letter
5. The subscription or complimentary close
6. The signature

Let us look at these parts one by one.

1. The Address of the sender
This is written on the top right-hand comer of the page. Look at the punctuation.
For example,

181, Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar.

2. The date is written below the sender’s address

8 August 20

3. The salutation
When writing to a friend, address him by name :
Dear Sarat,
Not Dear friend Sarat.
If you are writing to the parents or brothers or sisters or intimate friends, you could write
My dear Father,
My dear Mummy, etc.
The punctuation after the salutation agrees with the punctuation of the sender’s address. A comma can be placed after the salutation if you have used commas in writing your address at the top.

4. The body of the letter.
This is the most important part of the letter. A good personal letter must be simple and pleasant to read. It is full of small details which appeal to the person you are writing to. The tone of the letter must be personal: you should write as you would speak to him if he were present before you.

5. The Subscription.
The most eomon form of closing a letter to a friend is

Yours sincerely
Yours sincere friend
Yours ever, etc.

To both friends and relations you can write

Yours affectionately

Some other closng phrases that can be used in personal letters

Ever sincerely
Yours
Your loving son
Love

6. The Signature
A letter to a friend or a close relation does not require your full signature. You should write only the first name, or the name by which you are known to the friend you are writing to : not

Sarat Kumar Mohanty
but only Sarat

7. The Address on the Envelope
Usually the address is written towards the lower half of the envelop leaving space at the top for stamps. The titles, Mr, Mrs and Ms are used before the names. Sometimes postcards are used to write personal letters. Then it is not necessary to use all the six parts in the letter. The date, the message and the signature or initials of the sender will be enough.

Activity 1

The following letter has a few errors. Correct them in order to improve the letter.

_______________
(Fill in the date)

From,
Mr. Ashok Kumar Das.
Mandara Bagicha Para.
Bhabanipatna.
To,
Mr, Biswanath Mishra.
420, Kalpana Flats.
Old Town, Bhubaneswar.
Dear friend
Well and wish to hear the same. In particular, I passed the examination in the first class. I am applying for admission in the local government college. What are your plans ? What college do you intend to join. Hope, you will successful. Thanking you.

I remain
Your sincere friend,
A. K. Das

You must have marked that there are errors in every part of the letter. Could you correct them ? Show the revised version to a friend of yours and discuss the points of revision. If necessary, ask your teacher.
Answer:
Revised letter

Mandar Bagicha Para
Bhawanipatna
14 Dec. 20

Dear Bisu,
I passed the examination in first class. I wish to hear the same in particular, from you. I am applying for admission in the local governmental college. What are your plans ? Which college do you intend to join ? Hope, you will be successful.

Yours sincerely,
Surendra

Biswanath Mishra
420, Kalpana Flats
Old Town, Bhubaneswar – 2

Errors in the first letter:
(1) The addresses and names of the receiver have been wrongly placed.
(2) Address (excluding the name) and date should be written on the top in the right-hand comer.
(3) Salutation – Dear friend is wrong.
(4) Sentences in the main part are not in order.
(5) They are replete with grammatical errors.
(6) Ending is wrong.
All these errors have been corrected in the above letter.

Activity 2

The two paragraphs are given below from the body of a personal letter. Do you find anything odd about them? One part of the letter has to be rewritten in order to make it sound personal and informal. Which part is it? Identify the part and rewrite it. “I have just returned after a wonderful holiday with you. I thought I should write to you immediately and tell you how I enjoyed every minute of my stay with you. Your cousins are such jolly companions and I will never forget the fun we had together. However, I shall be failing in my duty if I do not express my profound gratitude to your parents who spared no pains to extend warm hospitality to me during my stay there.”
Answer:
The second paragraph lacks substance in the context of a personal letter which is informal, but here it is formal to the core. The ending should be ‘the hospitality of your parents has moved me. I look forward to visiting your home and staying there for some time.’

Activity 3

(a)

Angul
24 April, 20

Dearest Jeje,
How are you? You haven’t come to see us for a long time. We are going to be in Angul all summer. Why don’t you visit us? We would love to have you.
Lots of love,
Yours.

(b)

Cuttack
20 October, 20_

Dear Kunu,
Thanks ever so much for asking me to your party. Of course, I’ll be there! And I look forward to staying the night with you.
Cheers!
Yours,
Sikta

(c)
Mr. and Mrs. Kundu request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their daughter Rani to Raja Mohanty at Nayapalli Kalyan Mandap, Bhubaneswar at
10.30 p.m. on March 16, 20.
R.S.V.P.

(d)

Sambalpur
15 May, 20_

Dear Omunu,
It was lovely hearing from my favorite grandson. Thank you, for inviting me to spend the summer with you but I’m afraid I have to go to Mumbai in June for a heart operation. If I’m all right, I’ll visit you in December.
All my love,

(e)

Sahid Nagar
Bhubaneswar
17 October. 20_

Dear Sikta,
Just a short note to say we’re having a party on Diwali night and were wondering if you could join us. You could stay the night with us if it gets late.
Do let us know soon.
Love,

(f)

Nayapalli
Bhubane swar
5.3.20__

Mr. and Mrs. R.K. Sahu thank Mr. and Mrs. Kundu for their kind invitation to the wedding of their daughter Rani on 16.3.2000 but regret their inability to attend, on account of a prior engagement

Which invitation and reply are the most formal? Why do you think so?
Answer:
a – d
b – e
c – f
Invitation ‘c’ and the corresponding reply ‘f are the most formal because they neither contain any salutation nor do they end with an expression of affection.

Activity 4

Look at the letters in activity 3 again. Which expressions in these letters can be used for the following purposes?
to open a letter ____________________________
to say thank you ____________________________
to close a letter ____________________________
to invite somebody ____________________________
to accept an invitation ____________________________
to decline (refuse) an invitation ____________________________
Answer:
to open a letter How are you? It was lovely hearing from you.
to say thank you Thank you for, thanks ever so much for
to close a letter Lots of love. Cheers! All my love.
to invite somebody Why don’t you visit us? Request the pleasure of your company. Wondering if you could join us.
to accept an invitation I look forward to
to decline an invitation I’m afraid I have. Regret their inability.

Activity 5

Work in pairs to produce letters of invitation to suit the situations suggested below.

(a) You are going on a holiday
to Ooty. You want to invite
a friend to come with you.

You are going away on holiday
day. Do you want to invite
someone to live in your
house while you are away.

You are starting a new
restaurant and you want
to invite some of your
friends to a party you are
arranging for the launch
of your new restaurant.

Send your letter to another pair of your classmates. Keep the layout below in mind while writing the letters.
(b)

Read the letters you get and decide whether you want to accept or decline the invitation. Then draft a reply, using the hints below :
(c)

Answer:
(a)

27, Krishna Nagar
Secunderabad
12.3.20

Dear Sameer,
How are you? It’s a long time since we met. This summer we are going to Ooty and will be spending the vacations there. We were wondering if you could join us at Ooty. We could all have an enjoyable time there.
Do let us know soon.
Love,
Sanjay

(b)

80, Kharavela Nagar
Bhubaneswar
2 January, 20

Dear Suman,
We would be very happy if you could join us for the dinner party on 12 January 2010 at 7.30 pm on the occasion of the launching of our new restaurant.
Do let us know soon.
Yours,
Sudhir,

(c)

Railway Colony
Mancheswar
Bhubaneswar
10.12.20

Dear Ravi,
How are you? When we met last time you were complaining about not having a quiet place to study. Would you like to have a whole house to yourself this summer? And a secluded one too. It would be great, isn’t it? Well, we are going to our granny’s for the whole summer. We would be very grateful if you could stay in our house while we are away. Our maidservant could cook for you and of course, Deepu will keep visiting you now and then to see what you need. Can you help?
Please let us know.
Love,
Mausi.

Replies:

(a)

Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.3.20

Dear Sanjay,
Thank you very much for inviting me to Ooty for the summer. I would love to come but I am afraid I cannot because I have already enrolled in a computer course which will continue during the vacation. I hope to come and meet you during Christmas. Hope you will enjoy yourself.
Your loving friend,
Sameer.

(b)

28, Kalpana Area
Bhubaneswar
5 January 20

Dear Sudhir,
Thank you very much for asking me to your party. I would love to be there to taste all the delicacies of your new restaurant. And by the way, Congratulations! You have succeeded in making your dream come true.
With Best Wishes,
Yours,
Suman

(c)

HA, B.J.B. Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.12.20

Dear Mausi,
Thank you very much for reposing so much confidence in me. I would have really liked to spend the summer at your place but I am afraid I cannot. Dad has already asked me to stay with him at Rourkela so that he can coach me in mathematics and science. I can’t put this off because I’ll have to appear for the entrance next month. Sorry to have disappointed you.
Your loving nephew,
Ravi

Activity 6

It is usual to send a ‘thank-you note’ when you receive an invitation, even if you do not want to accept the invitation. Draft a ‘thank-you note’ in reply to the invitation you received in Activity 5, which you may either accept or decline. Use the suggestions given below :

Answer:

Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.3.20

Dear Prabhat,
Just a note to thank you for inviting me to spend the summer vacation at Ooty with your parents. It was so thoughtful and kind of you to do so. I am afraid I will be unable to join you because I am doing a computer course that will continue beyond the vacations. I hope you enjoy yourself thoroughly at Ooty. Anyway, excuse me for being unable to join you and convey the same to all.
Best Wishes,
Yours,
Submit.

Activity 7

Read the letter below, and write two similar letters of invitation.
(a) to an elderly aunt, asking her to visit you for the Dussera Festival:
(b) to a young nephew, asking him to stay for the month of June.

Answer:

Plot No. 201
Apamanagar
Chauliaganj
2 September

Dear Aunty,
If you have not made plans for your Dushera holidays this year, perhaps you would like to come and stay with us at Cuttack. It is a long time since we met and all my family members would like to see you again. During your stay here, we shall enjoy the famous puja festival here to the brim. Do come. We look forward to seeing you.
Yours affectionately,
Sarika

Saheednagar
Plot No. 202
Bhubaneswar
1 December 20

Dear Ravi,
I am happy to learn that your examination is over. Your school will be closed for a month. Instead of staying there, I would like you to come here for a month. I am sure you will have a wonderful time in our midst.
We look forward to meeting you soon,
Your affectionate uncle,
Sarbeswar

Activity 8

Study the letter below as a model letter of refusal.

Write two similar letters of refusal,
(a) because your sister (brother) is going into hospital;
(b) because you have arranged to go on holiday.

Answer:
(a)

Shantivihar
Plot No 105
1 September 20

Dear Aunty,
I am happy to learn that you have invited me to the Dussera festival with you. I am indeed thrilled. I would like to accept your invitation, but I am sorry that I cannot go to you. Unfortunately, my sister is going to the hospital every day for physiotherapy in connection with his acute ankle problem. This will continue for another month. I accompany her every day. I do hope you will realize my problem, and accuse me of declining your warm invitation.
Yours affectionately,
Rahul

(b)

Vinay Mahal
Main Road
Jatni
14 June 20

Dear Mohan,
Thank you very much for your invitation to lunch next Monday. I would like to accept it, but we have arranged much in advance to go on a holiday to some important places in India. We are leaving at 1 p.m. the very same day. I am sure you will understand my predicament and excuse me for not attending your lunch.
Yours sincerely,
Subrat

Activity 9

Imagine that you are writing to some friends from a well-known holiday resort and write a few sentences describing the weather, food, etc. You can choose suitable adjectives from the list below.

cold	delicious	boring	friendly	hot	awful
exciting	rude	nice	interesting	spicy	sunny
windy	beautiful	helpful	warm

Answer:

Panth Nivas
Pun
12.05.20

Dear Varun,
We arrived here today rather late in the night as the train was running late. However, we were given a warm reception by the Panth Nivas staff who served us spicy hot tandoori chicken and roil As we sit here in the open-air restaurant we can hear the roar of the waves background and the moonlight creating beautiful shadows on the casuarina trees that line the beach. It is a very pleasant, though a windy night. I can’t wait to sleep and get up early tomorrow to watch the sunrise. I am nervous with excited.
I hope to write to you again.
Love,
Suresh

Activity 10

Here is some pictures. Use the sentences which follow the pictures to write a letter to accompany each picture. Choose a beginning, a middle, and an end from among the ones given on the next page.

The beginning :

The middle :

The end:

Answer:
(1)

Sterling Resort
Doda Valley, Kashmir
12.05.20

Dear Rabi,
We arrived safely in Kashmir on Monday evening after a hectic bus journey. The weather is fantastic and the scene all around is snow-covered mountain peaks. Exhilarating! Truly it is a paradise on earth. Unfortunately, however, I broke my leg skiing yesterday. Now I can’t walk and I have to stay in the hotel all day. It’s extremely boring and I can’t stand lying down on the bed and reading books the whole day while others enjoy themselves. Anyway, we are going back home on Thursday.
Love,
Ratha

Answer:
(2)

Panth Nivas
Puri
12.05.20

Dear Miti and Niki,
Here we are on the beach!
It’s terrible here! It’s hot and there are thousands of people everywhere. There’s no place where you can have some privacy. The food is awful.
Will be back home on Saturday. Thank goodness!
Best wishes,
TitI

Answer:
(3)

Yemen
12.01.20

Dear Umesh,
This hill station is wonderful! The weather is gorgeous, the people are very friendly and the food is delicious. Yesterday, we went to a carpet market like the one in the picture. It was extremely beautiful.
I don’t want to come home!
Love,
Ramakanta

Activity 11

Here are some more pictures. Choose one and imagine that you have gone there for a holiday. What would you write to your friends about this place? You can write about:
– the people
– the food
– what you did/saw yesterday
– something interesting that happened to you

Answer:
(1)

Paris
10.10.20

Dear Pulin,
Paris is wonderful!
The weather is just fantastic. The food is bland and the people very helpful. The scenes and sights are extremely beautiful. Yesterday we had been to the Eiffel Tower which you can see in the picture. It is the most important landmark of Paris.
Will be back home on Tuesday.
With Best wishes,
Priya

Answer:
(2)

Rourkela
2.1.20

Dear Sukant,
Greetings from Rourkela!
Our tour of the steel plant proved disastrous. A fire broke out in the smelting plant and we had to vacate the premises immediately. That was a horrifying experience. The whole town is full of smog, and that makes it terribly hot and sticky out here. I can’t wait to get back home.
Love,
Supreeti

Answer:
(3)

Bombay
10.05.20

Dear Kuni,
We are here in Bombay!
The weather is hot and sultry and the city is extremely crowded. The food is very bad and not at all to our taste. However, it’s a wonderful shopping center here. Cotton is damn cheap.
Will be back home on Sunday.
Love,
Kusum

Activity 12

A. You will find the letter of a famous person below. Which of the people mentioned below the letter could have written the letter? Why do you think so?

(a) Neil Armstrong, the first person on the moon.
(b) Florence Nightingale, the famous Nurse in the Crimean War.
(c) Edmund Hillary, the first person to climb Mount Everest.
(d) Christopher Columbus in America
(e) Ronald Amundsen, the first person to reach the South Pole.
Answer:
Edmund Hillary, was the first person to climb Mount Everest and put up his country’s national flag on its top.

B. Now imagine that you are some other person (from the list of names above) and write a letter to a friend. Work in pairs. Do not sign your name. You can write about :
– the place
– the weather
– the food
– the people
– what you have done
– some things very interesting

When you are ready, give your letter to another pair. They have to guess who it is from.
Answer:
(a)

20 July, 20

Dear Bathsheba,
We landed here on the moon yesterday. It’s cold and eerie here with no gravitational pull. Today with my space suit on, I took a walk or rather jumped all over the moon’s surface collecting rock and soil samples. The silence is frightening.
Already feeling homesick.
Love,
Neil.

(b)

21 Oct., 20

Dear Roberts,
The war is getting bloodier day by day. Thousands of dead bodies lie on the battlefield, their stench filling the air. Tending to be sick and dying; almost every minute of the day is exhausting but I am glad to be of help to the soldiers.
Hoping that the war will end soon.
Cheer up.
Florence.

(d)

America
July 20

Dear Christina,
Landed here on Sunday. The land here is virgin and wild. There are dangerous-looking Indians here wearing colorful head-dresses. But there is nothing to fear. They flee at the sound of our guns being shot.
Missing you.
Yours,
Columbus.

(e)

South Pole
Feb 20

Dear Victor,
Made it! It’s extremely cold here and the food’s frozen but the sacrifices are small considering the achievement. Yesterday we sighted some polar bears. Fishes are plentiful. The vast desert of snow and mountains makes me lonely.
Missing you.
Yours,
Ronald.

Activity 13

A. Sometimes you can send a short letter to give a friend some news. Ravi Kumar has just moved house and he wants to give his friends his new address. His letter is given below, but some parts are missing. What do you think he wrote? Complete the letter.

Answer:

Kalpana Flats
Old Town
Bhubaneswar
26th November

Dear Niki,
I’m sorry I haven’t written for a long time. How are you? We have just moved house from Uttara Chhak to the Kalpana Flats. Our new address is given above. Tika has joined her new school. She finds it quite exciting. Some of her classmates from the old school have also joined her. So she has friends too and is enjoying herself. Otherwise, life is just the same. I get up, I go to school, I eat, I sleep, and I get up. Very boring.
Anyway, write soon and do visit us when you can.
Best wishes,
Kunu

B. Imagine that you have not seen the other students in your class for a long time. Write a letter to one of them. Tell him/her how you are and give some news about yourself. (You can invent something if you like. For example, you have won Rs. 10,000 in a lottery or you are going on a long trip to Delhi.) You can begin as follows :
Dear ………………………………..,
How are you? I haven’t seen you for such a long time …………………………………..,
Answer:

68, Metro Towers
Acharya Vihar
Bhubaneswar
30th Sept. 20

Dear Lovely,
How are you? I haven’t seen you for such a long time. Why haven’t you come to the classes for three weeks? Are you sick? A lot of progress has been made in Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. Mrs. Das our Maths teacher has retired in the mean time school and another new teacher has joined the school in her place. She’s young and beautiful and she teaches well too. Well, you’ll be surprised to know that I have won first prize in the Debate Competition. Pratik stood second and Namrata third. I received prize money of 3000 rupees. Daddy is going to buy me a Yamaha synthesizer with it. Of course, he is going to add more than 1000 to it. That’s going to be my birthday gift. I can’t wait to get it and show it to you. Do write to me at the earliest and let me know if I can do anything for you.
Missing you a lot.
Love,
Pallavi.

Activity 14

(a) Using the following clues draft an invitation :
Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnaik — eldest son Zubin — Enu — daughter of Mr. K. Mohantv — Purunapara. Bhawanipatna — Wednesday, 7 February, 20 — 8 a.m. — the bride‘s residence — reception — Thursday, 8 February — 7 p.m. — their residence — Mandar Bagichapara, Bhawanipatna. R.S. V.P.
(b) A neighbor, who is not very good at writing letters, asks for your help to reply to the invitation above. He would like to attend the wedding. Draft a reply for him.
(c) Your father has been invited to the wedding by Mr. and Mrs. Pattnaik. But as he has to go to Delhi on some urgent business, he is unable to attend the wedding. He has asked you to reply to the invitation as he has no time. Draft a reply.

Answer:
(a)
Mrs and Mr S. Pattnaik
request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their eldest son Zubin with Enu, the daughter of Mrs. and Mr. K. Mohanty of Purunapara, Bhawanipatna on Wednesday, 7 February, 20_ at 8.00 a.m. in the bride’s residence and thereafter to the reception at our residence (Mandarba, Gichapara, Bhawanipatna) on Thursday, 8 February 20…, at 7.00 p.m.

R.S.V.P.

(b)

Acharya Vihar
Bhubaneswar
3.2.20

Mr. and Mrs. B. K. Sahu thank Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnaik for their kind invitation to the wedding of their eldest son, Zubin on 7.2.20 and reception thereafter on 8.2.20. They would be indeed very happy to attend the wedding and the reception thereafter.

(c)

Niladrjvjhar
Plot No. 168
13 January 20

Mr. and Mrs. B. K. Mishra thank Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnajk for their kind invitation to the wedding of their eldest son Zubin on 7.2.20(XJ but regret their inability to attend on account of a prior business engagement in Delhi.

Activity 15

Satrupa telephones her friend Anusuya. Anusuya’s brother Prakash takes the call. Here is the conversation.
Prakash : 1-yellow, this is 2543867.
Satrupa : Good morning. Is that Prakash? Satrupa here.
Prakash : Morning. Stupa. How are you?
Strupa : Oh, fine. Can I speak to Anusuya, please?
Prakash : Sorry, I am afraid she’s not around. She has gone to a friend’s house. Any message?
Strupa : Yes, you see there is a beautiful film on at the Maharaja. Use bought two tickets for the afternoon show for Anusuya and myself. The show begins at 3 p.m. Everyone says the opening scene is not to be missed. If Anusuya
doesn’t turn up on time, I’ll have to go in.
Prakash : Where did you say the film was?
Satrupa : At the Maharaja. Near Acharya Vihar.
Prakash : All right, I’ll give her the message.
Satrupa : Thanks, Prakash. Bye.
Prakash : Bye.

Anusuya does not return by 10 a.m. and as Prakash has to go to college, he leaves a note for his sister. Imagine that you are Prakash. Now write the note using the clues given below.

Anusuya,
Satrupa ______________________, _____________, ___________ two tickets _________. wants you __________. ____________ _________ till 2.45 p.m. If _____________________. Prakash

Answer:
Anusuya,
Satrupa had rung you this morning. She has bought two tickets for the afternoon show at the Maharaja. She wants you to join her. She will wait outisde the hall till 2.45 p.m. If you do not turn up, she will have to go in.
Prakash

Activity 16

Sikta was alone at home when the postman came. She ran up to the gate and talked to him.
Sikta : Good afternoon, Postman Uncle.
Postman: Good afternoon, Sikta. Is your daddy in?
Sikta : No, unice. He hasn’t returned from the office.
Postman: When do you think he’ll return?
Sikta : Around 7.30 p.m. Do you have anything for him?
Postman: Yes, A fat registered parcel.
Sikta : Where is it from?
Postman: I think it’s from EFLU, Hyderabad.
Sikta : I see. It must be important. Can I receive the parcel on my daddy’s behalf?
Postman: I’m sorry. It can’t be given to anyone else. Tell your daddy to collect it
tomorrow. I’ll be at the Post Office from 2 to 3 p.m.
Sikta : Okay, uncle. I’ll tell him to collect the parcel tomorrow. Bye.
Postman: Bye.

Sikta writes down the note for her father lest she should forget. She begins thus :
Daddy,
The postman came this afternoon around 5.30 pm. He had _____________________ Sikta.
Now complete the note.

Answer:
Daddy,
The postman came this afternoon around 5.30 p.m. with a fat registered parcel possibly from EFLU, Hyderabad for you. I asked him if I could receive it on your behalf, but he declined. He asked you to collect it from the Post Office from 2 to 3 pm.
Sikta

Activity 17

Write a note based on the following conversation as Ashutosh would report it to his father.

Asutosh : Good afternoon. Who would you like to speak to?
Stranger : I’m Satya Mohanty from Ritz Travels. I’ve come to see your father, Mr. Saroj Patnaik. He wanted me to call on him to discuss his travel plans to the States.
Asutosh : I’m afraid he won’t be back until the day after tomorrow. He had gone to Bangalore for a meeting. But I’ll let him know you called.
Mr Mohanty : Please do so and give him these forms. He should fill them in as early as possible. If he wants to travel in May, he must apply for a passport and a visa immediately. It usually takes three months to get everything ready.
Asutosh : Thank you, Mr. Mohanty. Fil gives him your message and the forms. I’ll also ask him to call you as soon as he comes.
Mr Mohanty : Thank you. Goodbye.
Asutosh : Goodbye, Mr. Mohanty.

Answer:
Daddy,
Satya Mohanty from Ritz Travels had come to see you. He wanted to meet you to discuss your travel plans to the States. When I said that you wouldn’t be back till the day after tomorrow, he left these forms for you to fill in and apply for the passport immediately if you want to travel in May. In this view, it usually takes three months to get everything ready. I also told him that I would tell you to call him back when you return.
Asutosh

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 11 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Ex 14(f) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Solutions Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Exercise 14(f)

Differentiate.

Question 1.
x⁸ + x⁷
Solution:
Let  y = x⁸ + x⁷
Then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 8x⁷ + 7x⁶

Question 2.
x^5/3 – x^1/2
Solution:
Let y = x^5/3 – x^1/2
\(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{5}{3} x^{\frac{2}{3}}-\frac{1}{2} x^{-\frac{1}{2}}\)

Question 3.
x³ – 5x
Solution:
Let y = x³ – 5x
Then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 3x² – 5

Question 4.
√x + \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\sqrt[3]{x^2}\)
Solution:
Let y = √x + \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\sqrt[3]{x^2}\)
= \(x^{\frac{1}{2}}+x^{-\frac{1}{2}}-x^{\frac{2}{3}}\)
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{-1}{2}}-\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{-3}{2}}-\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{-1}{3}}\)

Question 5.
x² + 2x – sin x + 5
Solution:
x² + 2x – sin x + 5
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2x + 2 – cos x

Question 6.
\(\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3}}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2}}+\frac{1}{3} x^{\frac{1}{3}}\)
\(\frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{1}{4} x^{\frac{-1}{2}}+\frac{1}{9} x^{\frac{-2}{3}}\)

Question 7.
ax² + b tan x + ln x³
Solution:
ax² + b tan x + ln x³
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2ax + b sec² x + \(\frac{3}{x}\)

Question 8.
√x(√x + 1)
Solution:
Let y = √x(√x + 1) = \(x+x^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
\(\frac{d y}{d x}=1+\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{-1}{2}}\)

Question 9.
(x – 1)²
Solution:
Let y = (x – 1)²
Then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2(x – 1)

Question 10.
(x² – x + 2)²
Solution:
Let y = (x² – x + 2)²
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2(x² – x + 2) × \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(x² – x + 2)
= 2(x² – x + 2)(2x – 1)

Question 11.
x sin x – \(\frac{e^x}{1+x^2}\)
Solution:

Question 12.
tan 2x + sec 2x
Solution:

Question 13.
\(\frac{x^2}{x+1}-\frac{x}{1-x}\)
Solution:

Question 14.
\(\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Solution:

Question 15.
\(\frac{\tan x-\cos x}{\sin x \cos x}\)
Solution:

Question 16.
\(\left(\frac{x-1}{x+1}\right)^2\)
Solution:

Question 17.
x³ (1 + x)(2 – x)
Solution:

Question 18.
x₃ (sin x) e^{4 ln x}
Solution:

Question 19.
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\) + x ln x³
Solution:

Question 20.
x² log₂ x + sec x
Solution:

Question 21.
\(\frac{x^2-1}{x^3+1}\)
Solution:

Question 22.
(x³ + 1)(3x² + 2x – 7)
Solution:

Question 23.
cot x – sec x – log₁₀ x
Solution:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -cosec ² x – sec x. tan x – \(\frac{1}{x} \log _{10} e\)

Question 24.
\(\frac{1-\cos x}{1+\cos x}\)
Solution:

Question 25.
\(\frac{1-\tan x}{1+\tan x}\)
Solution:

Question 26.
\(\frac{\left[x^{\frac{3}{5}}-2 e^2 \ln x+\ln ^{\frac{2}{3}}\right]}{(1+x)}\)
Solution:

Question 27.
cosec x + cot x
Solution:
Let y = cosec x + cot x
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -cosec x. cot x – cosec ² x

Question 28.
tan² x + sec² x
Solution:
Let y = tan² x + sec² x
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 tan x. \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(tan x) + 2 sec x \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(sec x)
= 2 tan x. sec² x + 2 sec² x. tan x
= 4 sec² x tan x

Question 29.
tan² x + a^x
Solution:
tan² x + a^x
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 tan x. sec² x + a^x. ln a

Question 30.
sin² x + x ln x
Solution:
sin² x – x ln x

Question 31.
cos² x + e^x cos x
Solution:

Question 32.
\(\frac{a^x-b^x}{x}\)
Solution:

Question 33.
\(\frac{e^x+e^{-x}}{x^2+1}\)
Solution:

Question 34.
\(\frac{\ln x}{x^2}\)
Solution:

Question 35.
Show that f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
x \sin \frac{1}{x}, x \neq 0 \\
0, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) is not differentiable x = 0
Solution:
Differentiability

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Psychology Book Solutions (+ 2 1st Year)

Unit 1 What is Psychology?

• What is Psychology? Objective Questions
• What is Psychology? Short Answer Questions
• What is Psychology? Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 Perceptual Process

• Perceptual Process Objective Questions
• Perceptual Process Short Answer Questions
• Perceptual Process Long Answer Questions Part-1
• Perceptual Process Long Answer Questions Part-2

Unit 3 Learning

• Learning Objective Questions
• Learning Short Answer Questions
• Learning Long Answer Questions Part-1
• Learning Long Answer Questions Part-2

Unit 4 Process of Thinking

• Process of Thinking Objective Questions
• Process of Thinking Short Answer Questions
• Process of Thinking Long Answer Questions Part-1
• Process of Thinking Long Answer Questions Part-2

Unit 5 Intelligence

• Intelligence Objective Questions
• Intelligence Questions And Answers

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Psychology Syllabus (+2 1st Year)

FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY
FIRST YEAR
Total Marks – 100
Theory – 70 marks
Practical – 30 marks

THEORY
UNIT-I
1. What is Psychology? [8 Periods]
This chapter seeks to help in understanding and appreciating psychology as a discipline, its application, and its relationship with other sciences.
a) Meaning and definition of Psychology
b) Psychology as a science
c) Brief idea about the different approaches to the study of Psychology:
i) Biological, ii) Behaviouristic, iii) Cognitive
d) Psychology and other disciplines (Sociology and Anthropology)

2. Methods used in Psychology [6 Periods]
The objective of this chapter is to familiarize with the methods of studying and understanding behaviour
a) Experimental method
b) Observational Method:
i) Naturalistic Observation, ii) Subjective observation or Introspection

UNIT -II
3. Physiological bases of behavior: [9 Periods]
This chapter focuses on the role of biological factors in the shaping of human behaviour and experience.
a) Structure and function of a neuron
b) Structure and function of the central Nervous system
i) Spinal cord ii) Brain,
c) Autonomic Nervous system
d) Endocrine system

4. Sensory and Perceptual Processes: [10 Periods]
This unit aims at understanding how various sensory stimuli are received, attended to and given meaning.
a) Attention: Determinant and types of attention
b) Perception: Meaning, operational definition, processes involved in perception (Receptive, Selective, Symbolic, and Affective Process)
c) Principles of perceptual organization
d) Role of need, past experience, and cultural factors in perception.
e) Errors in perception: Illusion and Hallucination

UNIT-III
5. Learning [10 Periods]
This chapter focuses on how human beings acquire new behaviuour and how changes in behaviour take place.
a) Meaning and operational definition of learning, Learning as distinguished from maturation and performance.
b) Processes of learning:
i) Trial and Error Learning, ii) Classical conditioning, iii) Operant conditioning, iv) Cognitive Learning: Insightful learning, v) Observational learning

6. Human memory [12 Periods]
This chapter deals with how information is received, stored, retrieved and lost It also explains how memory can be improved.
a) Memory Process:
i) Encoding ii) Storage iii) Retrieval
b) Systems (stages) of memory:
i) Sensory Memory ii) Short Term Memory iii) Long term Memory
c) Measurement of Memory
i) Recall ii) Recognition iii) Saving or Relearning
d) Nature and causes of forgetting
e) Improving Memory: Mnemonics, Methods of Loci, Number and Letter Peg system, Chunking

UNIT – IV
7. Motivation and Emotion [8 Periods]
This chapter deals with why human beings behave as they do. It also deals with how people experience positive and negative events and respond to them.
a) Meaning and Nature of Motivation
b) Types of motives; Biological, Social, and Psychological
c) Meaning and nature of emotion
d) Bodily changes during emotion.

8. Processes of Thinking [10 Periods]
This chapter deals with thinking related processes like reasoning, problem solving, decision making, and creative thinking.
i) Meaning and definition
ii) Stages of cognitive development by Piaget
iii) Problem solving and decision making
iv) Creative Thinking: Nature and stages of creative thinking

UNIT-V
9. Intelligence [7 Periods]
This chapter aims at studying how people differ with respect to intelligence.
a) Meaning and Nature of Intelligence
b) Approaches to understand intelligence (i) Gardner ii) Sternberg iii) J.P. Das
c) Factors influencing intelligence

PRACTICAL
Span of Attention
Optical Illusion (Muller – Lyer Illusion)
Sensory – Motor Learning
Memory for meaningful words and nonsense syllables

Books Recommended:
1. Psychology Part-I, NCERT
2. Bureau’s Higher secondary +2 Psychology Part-I, Published by Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production, Bhubaneswar.

+2 1st Year MIL Sanskrit Book Solutions Pdf Download

गद्यभागः

• Chapter 1 मनुमत्स्याख्यानम् (ମନୁମସ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନମ୍ )
• Chapter 2 चतुरः शृगालः (ଚତୁରଃ ଶୃଗାଳଃ)
• Chapter 3 संस्कृते किं नास्ति? (ସଂସ୍କୃତେ କିଂ ନାସ୍ତି ?)
• Chapter 4 जावालः सत्यकामः (ଜାବାଳ ସତ୍ୟକାମଃ )

पद्यभाग:

• Poem 1 सुभाषितावली (ସୁଭାଷିତାବଳୀ)
• Poem 2 भाति मे भारतम् (ଭାତି ମେ ଭାରତମ୍)
• Poem 3 वसन्तः (ବସନ୍ତଃ)

BSE Odisha Class 11 Sanskrit Grammar

• ବିଷୟବହିର୍ଭୂତ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ
• अनुच्छेदभागः
• अदृष्टगद्यानुवाद
• पत्रलिखन प्रकरणम्
• आवेदनपत्रम्
• निमन्त्रणपत्रम्

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sanskrit Question Pattern and Distribution of Marks

Syllabus
+2 M.I.L Sanskrit
First Year

Question Pattern and Mark-Division

Time: 3 Hrs
Full Marks: 100

Group – A

Q.1. Multiple Choices: (1 × 15 = 15)
Prose – (1 × 3 = 3)
Poetry – (1 × 2 = 2)
Sandhi – (1 × 3 = 3)
Sandhiviccheda – (1 × 3 = 3)
Karaka-Vibhakti – (1 × 4 = 4)

Q.2. One word Answer / Correction / Fill up the Blanks: (1 × 15 = 15)
Prose – (1 × 2 = 2)
Poetry – (1 × 3 = 3)
Prakruti-Pratyaya – (1 × 3 = 3)
Samasa – (1 × 3 = 3)
Ekapadikarana – (1 × 4 = 4)
(from Stripratya and Samasa)

Group – B

Q.3. Short Type Answer (within 2/3 sentences/12words): (2 × 11 = 22)
(a) Comprehension – (2 × 6 = 12)
(passages from 1 to 8 of Samskrtaprabha) (out of 7 Qs.)

(b) Translation – (2 × 5 = 10)
(from Unseen Sanskrit-sentences into Odiya/English) (out of 7 Qs.)

Q.4. Short Type Answer – (3 × 6 = 18)
(within 6 sentences/25words)
(a) Prose – (3 × 3 = 9)
(out of 4 Qs.)

(b) Poetry – (3 × 3 = 9)
(out of 4 Qs.)

Group – C

Q.5. 4 Long Questions out of 6 Qs. – (7 1/2 × 4 = 30)
(within 08 sentences/40 words)
(a) Letter/Application writing
(b) Long Question (Prose)
(c) Long Question (Poetry)
(d) Explanation (Prose/Poetry)
(e) Translation in to odia/sanskrit from prose/poetry
(f) Precis Writing (of Unseen Passage)

N.B. Answers in Sanskrit are to be written either in Odia Script or in Devanagari Script.

Portions To Be Studied

Unit I: Prose-Samskrtaprabha (Gadyabhagah)
संस्कृतप्रभा (गद्यभागः)
The following prose pieces from the above mentioned book are to be studied.
1. मनुमत्स्याख्यानम् (Manumatsyakhyanam)
2. चतुरशृगाल (Caturasrgalah)
3. संस्कृते किं नास्ति (Samskrte kim nasti)
4. जाबालः सत्यकामः (Jabalah Satyakamah)

Unit-II: Poetry-Samskrta Prabha (Padya Bhagah)
संस्कृतप्रभा (पद्यभागः)
The following poetry pieces from the above book are to be studied.
1. सुभाषितावली ( Subhasitaval)
2. भाति मे भारतम् (Bhati me Bharatam)
3. वसन्त: (Vasantah)

Unit – III
(A) Grammar from the text
1. सन्धि (Sandhi)
2. सन्धिविच्छेद ( Sandhi Viccheda)
3. कारक – विभक्ति (Karaka-Vibhakti)
4. प्रकृति प्रत्यय (Prakrti Pratyaya)

(B) Grammar from outside the text /General
1. स्त्रीप्रत्यय (Stripratyaya)
2. समास (Samasa)
3. एकपदीकरण (Formation of single word from Stripratyaya and Samasa)

Unit IV: Translation and Comprehension
(A) Comprehension Sanskrit passage for the comprehension (Passage No. 1 to 8) of संस्कृतप्रभा
(B) Translation of unseen Sanskrit sentences into Odia/English

Unit-V: The art of Writing of Letters, Applications, Expansion of Ideas, Textual Explanations, Textual Long Questions and Precis writing.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Sociology Book Solutions (+ 2 1st Year)

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Book Solutions in English Medium

Unit 1 Sociology & Its Relationship

• Sociology & Its Relationship Objective Questions
• Sociology & Its Relationship Short Answer Questions
• Sociology & Its Relationship Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 Basic Concepts

• Basic Concepts Objective Questions
• Basic Concepts Short Answer Questions
• Basic Concepts Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 Social Institutions

• Social Institutions Objective Questions
• Social Institutions Short Answer Questions
• Social Institutions Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 Process, Stratification and Change

• Process, Stratification and Change Objective Questions
• Process, Stratification and Change Short Answer Questions
• Process, Stratification and Change Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 Sociology, Methods and Techniques

• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Objective Questions
• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Short Answer Questions
• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Unit 1 ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ

• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Objective Questions
• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Short Answer Questions
• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ

• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Objective Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Short Answer Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ

• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Objective Questions
• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Short Answer Questions
• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Objective Questions
• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Short Answer Questions
• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ

• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Objective Questions
• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Short Answer Questions
• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Syllabus (+2 1st Year)

SOCIOLOGY
Paper-I
Introducing Sociology

Unit I Sociology & Its Relationship
Emergence, Meaning, Nature and Scope, Relationship of Sociology with Social Sciences – History, Economics, Anthropology, Psychology, Political Science.

Unit II Basic Concepts
Society – Meaning and Characteristics Individual and Society
Community – Meaning and Characteristics
Association – Meaning & Characteristics,
Social Group – Meaning and Characteristics, Types – Primary, Secondary, In-Group, Out-Group
Culture – Meaning, Characteristics, Types – Material, Non-Material, Importance

Unit III Social Institutions
Family – Meaning, Characteristics, Types, Functions
Kinship – Meaning, Characteristics, Types
Education – Meaning, Importance
Economic – Property, Division of Labour

Unit IV Process, Stratification and Change
Social Processes: Associative – Co-operation, Accommodation Dissociative- Competition, Conflict
Social Stratification – Meaning, Characteristics Bases – Caste, Class, Gender
Social Change – Meaning, Characteristics, Factors – Technological Cultural

Unit V Sociology, Methods and Techniques
Auguste Comte: Law of Three Stages, Emile Durkheim: Suicide, G.S.Ghurey: Caste, M.N. Srinivas: Sanskritisation, Methods: Observation – Meaning and Types, Tools and Techniques: Questionnaire and Schedule – Meaning, Merits and Demerits.

BOOK PRESCRIBED:
1. Bureau’s Higher Secondary (+2) Sociology, Part-I Published by Odisha State Bureau of Textbook Preparation & Production, Bhubaneswar.
2. Sociology, Part-I, NCERT.