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Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(d) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(d)

Question 1.
Prove the formulae (4) to (7).
Solution:
(4) \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cos-1 x) = \(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Let y = cos^-1 x
⇒ x = cos y
⇒ \(\frac{d}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{\left(\frac{d x}{d y}\right)}\) = \(\frac{1}{-\sin y}\)
But sin y ≥ 0 when
y ∈ [0, π] ( ∵ [0, π] is the principal value branch for cos^-1 x)
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-\cos ^2 y}}\) = \(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)

(5) Let y = tan^-1 x
⇒ x = tan y

(6) Let y = cot^-1 x
⇒ x = cot y

(7) Let y = cosec^-1 x
⇒ x = cosec y

Question 2.
Find derivatives of the following functions.
sin^-1 2x
Solution:
y = sin^-1 2x

Question 3.
cot^-1 √x
Solution:
cot^-1 √x

Question 4.
sec^-1 (2x + 1)
Solution:
y = sec^-1 (2x + 1)

Question 5.
cos^-1 \(\sqrt{\frac{1+x}{2}}\)
Solution:

Question 6.
cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{x-\frac{1}{x}}{x+\frac{1}{x}}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 7.
tan^-1 (cos √x)
Solution:
y = tan^-1 (cos √x)

Question 8.
x² cosec^-1 \(\left(\frac{1}{\ln x}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 9.
cot^-1 \( \frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x} \)
Solution:

Question 10.
(x sin^-1 x)¹⁵
Solution:
y = (x sin^-1 x)¹⁵

Question 11.
sin^-1 \( \sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}} \)
Solution:

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 1 Relation and Function Ex 1(c) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 1 Relation and Function Exercise 1(c)

Question 1.
Show that the operation ∗ given by x ∗ y = x + y – xy is a binary operation on Z, Q and R but not on N.
Solution:
The operation ∗ given by
x ∗ y = x + y – xy
Clearly for all x, y ∈ Z
x + y – xy ∈ Z
⇒ x ∗ y ∈ Z
∴ ∗ is a binary operation on Z.
For all x, y ∈ Q
x + y – xy ∈ Q
⇒ x ∗ y ∈ Q
⇒ ∗ is a binary operation on Q for all x, y, ∈ R.
x + y – xy ∈ R
⇒ x ∗ y ∈ R
⇒ ∗ is a binary operation on R
Again 3, 4 ∈ N.
3 + 4 – 3 x 4 = 7 – 12 = – 5 ∉ N
i.e., x, y ∈ N
≠ x ∗ y ∈ N
∴ ∗ is not a binary operation on N.

Question 2.
Determine whether the following operations as defined by ∗ are binary operations on the sets specified in each case. Give reasons if it is not a binary operation.
(i) a ∗ b = 2a + 3b on Z.
(ii) a ∗ b = ma – nb on Q⁺ where m and n ∈ N.
(iii) a ∗ b = a + b (mod 7) on {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(iv) a ∗ b = min {a, b} on N.
(v) a ∗ b = GCD {a, b} on N.
(vi) a ∗ b = LCM {a, b} on N.
(vii) a ∗ b = LCM {a, b} on {0, 1, 2, 3, 4……, 10}
(viii) a ∗ b = \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\) on Q⁺
(ix) a ∗ b =a × b (mod 5) on {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}.
(x) a ∗ b = a² + b² on N.
(xi) a ∗ b = a + b – ab on R – {1}.
Solution:
(i) For all a, b ∈ Z
2a + 3b ∈ Z
⇒ a ∗ b ∈ Z
∗ is a binary operation on Z.

(ii) Let a = 1, b = 2
m = 1, n = 3
ma – nb = 1 – 6 = – 5 ∉ Q⁺
∴ a, b ∈ Q⁺ ≠ a ∗ b ∈ Q⁺
⇒ ∗ is not a binary operation on Q⁺

(iii) a ∗ b = a + b (mod 7) ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
for a, b ∈ 7
∗ is a binary operation on the given set.

(iv) a, b ∈ N ⇒ min {a, b} ∈ N
∴ a ∗ b ∈ N
⇒ ∗ is a binary operation on N.

(v) for all a, b ∈ N, GCD [a, b] ∈ N
⇒ a ∗ b ∈ N
⇒ ∗ is a binary operation on N.

(vi) for all a, b ∈ N, LCM {a, b} ∈ N
⇒ a ∗ b ∈ N
⇒ ∗ is a binary operation on N.

(vii) Let A = {0, 1, 2, ….. 10}
4, 5 ∈ A but 4 ∗ 5 = LCM {4, 5}
= 20 ∉ A
⇒ ∗ is not a binary operation on A.

(viii) for all a, b ∈ Q⁺
a ∗ b = \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\) ∉ Q⁺
⇒ ∗ is not a binary operation on Q⁺.

(ix) For all a, b ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
a ∗ b = a × b (mod 5) ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
∴ ∗ is a binary operation on the given set.

(x) for all a, b ∈ N, a * b = a² + b² ∈ N
∴ ∗ is a binary operation on N.

(xi) For all a, b ∈ R – {1}
a ∗ b = a + b – ab ∈ R – {1}
∴ ∗ is a binary operation on R – {1}

Question 3.
In case ∗ is a binary operation in Q2 above, test whether it is (i) associative
(ii) commutative, Test further if the identity element exists and the inverse element for any element of the respective set exists.
Solution:
(i) On Z the binary operation is
a ∗ b = 2a + 3b
Commutative:
b ∗ a = 2b + 3a ≠ a ∗ b
∴ ∗ is not commutative.

Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = (2a + 3b) ∗ c
= 2 (2a + 3b) + 3c
= 4a + 6b + 3c
a ∗ (b ∗ c) = a ∗ (2b + 3c)
= 2a + 3 (2b + 3c)
= 2a + 6b + 9c
As (a ∗ b) ∗ c ≠ a ∗ (b ∗ c)
∗ is not associative.

Existance of identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ e ∗ a = a
⇒ 2e + 3a = a
⇒ e = -2a / 2 = -a
which depends on a.
∴ Identity element does not exist.

(iii) A = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Commutative:
a ∗ b = a + b (mod 7)
= The remainder obtained when a + b is divided by 7.
b ∗ a = b + a (mod 7) = a + b (mod 7)
∴ ∗ is commutative.

Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = {a + b (mod 7)} ∗ c
= a + b + c (mod 7)
= The remainder obtained if a + b + c is divided by 7.
a ∗ (b ∗ c) = a ∗ {b + c (mod 7)}
= a + b + c (mod 7)
= The remainder obtained if a + b + c is divided by 7.
∴ (a ∗ b) ∗ c = a + (b ∗ c)
∴ ∗ is associative.

Existance of identity:
Let e is the identity
⇒ e ∗ a = a ∗ e = a
⇒ e + a mod 7 = a
⇒ e = 0
∴ 0 is the identity.

Existance of inverse:
Let a^-1 = the inverse of a
⇒ a ∗ a^-1 = a^-1 ∗ a = e = 0
⇒ a + a^-1 (mod 7) = 0
⇒ a + a^-1 is divisible by 7.
1^-1 = 6, 6^-1 = 1
2^-1 = 5, 5^-1 = 2
3^-1 = 4, 4^-1 = 3

(iv) a ∗ b = min {a, b} on N.
Commutative:
a ∗ b = min {a, b}
b ∗ a – min {b, a} = a ∗ b
∴ ∗ is commutative.
Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = min {a, b} ∗ c
= min {a, b, c}
a ∗ (b ∗ c)= a ∗ min {b, c}
= min {a, b, c}
⇒ a ∗ (b ∗ c) = (a ∗ b) ∗ c
∴ ∗ is associative.

Existance of Identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ For all a ∈ N
e ∗ a = a ∗ e = a
⇒ min {e, a} = a
No such element exists in N.
∴ ∗ has no identity element on N.

(v) a ∗ b = GCD {a, b} on N.
b ∗ a = GCD {b, a} = GCD {a, b} = a ∗ b
∴ ∗ is commutative.
Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = GCD {a, b} ∗ c
= GCD {a, b, c}
a ∗ (b ∗ c) = a ∗ GCD {b, c}
= GCD {a, b, c}
⇒ (a ∗ b) ∗ c = a ∗ (b ∗ c)
⇒ ∗ is associative.

Existance of Identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ a ∗ e = e ∗ a = a
⇒ GCD {e, a} = a
No such element exists in N
⇒ ∗ has no indentity element.

(vi) a ∗ b = LCM {a, b} on N
Commutative:
a ∗ b = LCM {a, b}
= LCM {b, a}
= b ∗ a
∴ ∗ is commutative.

Associative
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = LCM {a, b} ∗ c
= LCM {a, b, c}
a ∗ (b ∗ c) =» a ∗ LCM {b, c}
= LCM {a, b, c}
⇒ (a ∗ b) ∗ c = a ∗ (b ∗ c)
∴ ∗ is associative.

Existance of Identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ e ∗ a = a ∗ e = a
⇒ LCM {e, a} = a
⇒ e – 1
∴ 1 is the identity element.

Existance of inverse:
Let a^-1 is the inverse of a
⇒ a * a^-1 = e = 1
⇒ LCM [a, a^-1} = 1
a = a^-1 = 1
Only 1 is invertible with 1^-1 = 1.

(ix) a ∗ b = a × (mod 5) on {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Commutative:
a ∗ b = a x b (mod 5)
= Remainder on dividing a x b by 5
= Remainder on dividing b x a by 5
= b x a (mod 5)
= b x a
∴ ∗ is commutative.

Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c=a x b (mod 5) ∗ c
= a x b x c (mod 5)
a and a ∗ {b ∗ c} = a ∗ {b x c (mod 5)}
= a x b x c (mod 5)
∴ (a ∗ b) ∗ c -=a ∗ (b ∗ c)
⇒ ∗ is associative.

Existance of identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ For all a ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
a ∗ a = e ∗ a = a
a × e (mod 5) = a
⇒ e = 1
∴ 1 is the identity element.

Existance of inverse:
Let a^-1 is the inverse of a
∴ a ∗ a^-1= a^-1 ∗ a = e = 1
⇒ a x a^-1 (mod 5) = 1
⇒ 1^-1 = 1
2^-1 = 3, 3^-1 = 2, 4^-1 = 4
0 has no inverse.

(x) a ∗ b = a² + b² on N.
Commutative:
a ∗ b = a² + b²
b ∗ a = b² + a² = a² + b² = a ∗ b
∴ ∗ is commutative.

Associative:
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = (a² + b²) ∗ c
= (a² + b²)² + c²
a ∗ (b ∗ c) = a ∗ (b² + c²)
= a² + (a² + b²)²
(a ∗ b) ∗ c ≠ a ∗ (b ∗ c)
∴ ∗ is not associative.

Existance of Identity:
Let e is the identity
a ∗ e = e ∗ a = a
⇒ a² + e² = a
⇒ e = \( \sqrt{a-a^2}\) which depends on a
∴ Identity does not exist.

(xi) a ∗ b = a + b – ab on R – {1}
Commutative:
a ∗ b = a + b – ab
b ∗ a = b + a – ba
a ∗ b = b ∗ a
∴ ∗ is commutative.

Associative:
a ∗ (b ∗ c) = a ∗ (b + c – bc)
= a + (b + c – bc) – a (b + c – bc)
= a + b + c – bc – ab – ac + abc
(a ∗ b) ∗ c = (a + b – ab) ∗ c
= a + b – ab + c – (a + b – ab) c
= a + b + c – ab – bc – ca + abc
∴ (a ∗ b) ∗ c = a ∗ (b ∗ c)
⇒ ∗ is associative.

Existance of Identity:
Let e is the identity
∴ e ∗ a = a ∗ e = a
⇒ a + e – ae = a
⇒ e (1 – a) = 0
⇒ e = 0 (∵ a ≠ 1)
∴ 0 is the identity.

Existance of inverse:
Let a^-1 is the inverse of a
⇒ a ∗ a^-1 = a^-1 ∗ a = e
⇒ a + a^-1 – aa^-1 = 0
⇒ a^-1 (1 – a) = – a
⇒ a^-1 = \(\frac{a}{a-1}\) for a ∈ R – {1}

Question 4.
Construct the composition table/multiplication table for the binary operation ∗ defined on {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} by a ∗ b = a × b {mod 5). Find the identity element if any. Also find the inverse elements of 2 and 4.
[This operation is called multiplication moduls 5 and denoted by x⁵. In general, on a finite subset of N, x_m denotes the operation of multiplication modulo m where m is a fixed positive integer].
Solution:
A = {0. 1, 2, 3, 4}
a ∗ b = a × b mod 5

∗	0	1	2	3	4
0	0	0	0	0	0
1	0	1	2	3	4
2	0	2	4	1	3
3	0	3	1	4	2
4	0	4	3	2	1

As 3rd row is identical to the first row we have 1 is the identity clearly 2^-1 = 3 and 4^-1 = 4.

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(e) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(e)

Differentiate the following functions by proper substitution.
Question 1.
sin^-1 2x\( \sqrt{1-x^2} \)
Solution:
y = sin^-1 2x\( \sqrt{1-x^2} \)   [Put x = sin θ
= sin^-1 (2 sin θ . cos θ)
= sin^-1 sin 2θ = 2θ = 2 sin^-1 x.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)

Question 2.
tan^-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1-x^2}\)
Solution:
y = tan^-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1-x^2}\)
= tan^-1 \(\frac{2 \tan \theta}{1-\tan ^2 \theta}\) = tan^-1 (tan 2θ)
= 2θ = 2 tan^-1 x
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{2 x}{1-x^2}\)

Question 3.
tan^-1 \(\sqrt{\frac{1-t}{1+t}}\)
Solution:

Question 4.
\(\left[\left(\frac{1+t^2}{1-t^2}\right)^2-1\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
Solution:

Question 5.
tan^-1 \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{x a}}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 6.
sin^-1 (\(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\))
Solution:
y = sin^-1 \(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\)  [Put x = tan θ
= sin^-1 \(\frac{2 \tan \theta}{1+\tan ^2 \theta}\) = sin^-1 sin θ
= 2θ = 2 tan^-1 x
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\)

Question 7.
sec^-1 \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a^2+x^2}}{a}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 8.
sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 \sqrt{t^2-1}}{t^2}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 9.
cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{1-t^2}{1+t^2}\right)\)
Solution:
y = cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{1-t^2}{1+t^2}\right)\) [Put t = tan θ
= cos^-1 \(\frac{1-\tan ^2 \theta}{1+\tan ^2 \theta}\)
= cos^-1 cos 2θ = 2 tan^-1 t
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{2}{1+t^2}\)

Question 10.
cos^-1 (2t² – 1)
Solution:
y = cos^-1 (2t² – 1) [Put t = tan θ
= cos^-1 (2 cos² θ – 1)
= cos^-1 cos 2θ = 2θ = 2 cos^-1 t
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = – \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}\)

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(f) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(f)

Find derivatives of the following functions.
Question 1.
x^x
Solution:
Let y = x^x
Then In y = x . In x
⇒ \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(In y) = \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(x . In x)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = In x + x . \(\frac{1}{x}\) = In x + 1 = 1 + In x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = y (1 + In x) = x^x (1 + In x) = x^x In (ex)

Question 2.
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)^x\)
Solution:

Question 3.
x^{sin x}
Solution:
y = x^{sin x}
⇒ In y = sin x . In x
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = cos x In x + sin x . \(\frac{1}{x}\)
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = x^{sin x} (cos x . In x + \(\frac{\sin x}{x}\))

Question 4.
(log x)^{tan x}
Solution:
y = (log x)^{tan x}
⇒ log y = tan x . log (log x)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = sec² x log (log x) + tan x . \(\frac{1}{\log x}\) . \(\frac{1}{x}\)
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = (log x)^{tan x} {sec² x . log log x + \(\frac{\tan x}{x \log x}\)}

Question 5.
\(2^{\left(2^x\right)}\)
Solution:
y = \(2^{\left(2^x\right)}\)
⇒ In y = 2^x . In 2
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2^x . In 2 . In 2
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(2^{\left(2^x\right)}\) . 2^x . (In 2)²

Question 6.
\((1+\sqrt{x})^{x^2}\)
Solution:

Question 7.
\(\left(\sin ^{-1} x\right)^{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Solution:

Question 8.
\((\tan x)^{\log x^3}\)
Solution:

Question 9.
x^1/x + (sin x)^x
Solution:

Question 10.
(cos x)^x + x^{cos x}
Solution:

Question 11.
(x² + 1)^2/3 (3x + 1)^1/4 √x
Solution:

Question 12.
\(\frac{(x+1)(x+2)^2(x+3)^3}{(x-1)(x-2)^2(x-3)^3}\)
Solution:

Question 13.
(sin x)^x \(\sqrt{\sin x}\left(1+x^2\right)^{\frac{1}{2}+x}\)
Solution:

Question 14.
(sec x + tan x)^{cot x}
Solution:
y = (sec x + tan x)^{cot x}
⇒ In y = cot x . In (sec x + tan x)
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -cosec² x . In (sec x + tan x) + cot x . \(\frac{1}{\sec x+\tan x}\) × (sec x . tan x + sec² x)
= -cosec² x . In (sec x + tan x) + cot x . sec x
∴ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = y {-cosec² x . In (sec x + tan x) + cosec x}
= (sec x + tan x)^{cot x} {cosec x – cosec² x . In (sec x + tan x)}

Question 15.
(2^√x)^1+√x
Solution:

CHSE Odisha 11th Class Sociology Book Solutions (+ 2 1st Year)

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Book Solutions in English Medium

Unit 1 Sociology & Its Relationship

• Sociology & Its Relationship Objective Questions
• Sociology & Its Relationship Short Answer Questions
• Sociology & Its Relationship Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 Basic Concepts

• Basic Concepts Objective Questions
• Basic Concepts Short Answer Questions
• Basic Concepts Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 Social Institutions

• Social Institutions Objective Questions
• Social Institutions Short Answer Questions
• Social Institutions Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 Process, Stratification and Change

• Process, Stratification and Change Objective Questions
• Process, Stratification and Change Short Answer Questions
• Process, Stratification and Change Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 Sociology, Methods and Techniques

• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Objective Questions
• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Short Answer Questions
• Sociology, Methods and Techniques Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Unit 1 ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ

• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Objective Questions
• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Short Answer Questions
• ସମାଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ସମ୍ପର୍କ Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 ମୌଳିକ ଧାରଣା

• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Objective Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Short Answer Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ସମ୍ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ

• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Objective Questions
• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Short Answer Questions
• ସାମାଜିକ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 ସାମାଜିକ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Objective Questions
• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Short Answer Questions
• ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା, ସ୍ତରୀକରଣ ଏବଂ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ କୌଶଳ

• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Objective Questions
• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Short Answer Questions
• ସମାଜଶାସ୍ତ୍ର, ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୌଶଳ Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Sociology Syllabus (+2 1st Year)

SOCIOLOGY
Paper-I
Introducing Sociology

Unit I Sociology & Its Relationship
Emergence, Meaning, Nature and Scope, Relationship of Sociology with Social Sciences – History, Economics, Anthropology, Psychology, Political Science.

Unit II Basic Concepts
Society – Meaning and Characteristics Individual and Society
Community – Meaning and Characteristics
Association – Meaning & Characteristics,
Social Group – Meaning and Characteristics, Types – Primary, Secondary, In-Group, Out-Group
Culture – Meaning, Characteristics, Types – Material, Non-Material, Importance

Unit III Social Institutions
Family – Meaning, Characteristics, Types, Functions
Kinship – Meaning, Characteristics, Types
Education – Meaning, Importance
Economic – Property, Division of Labour

Unit IV Process, Stratification and Change
Social Processes: Associative – Co-operation, Accommodation Dissociative- Competition, Conflict
Social Stratification – Meaning, Characteristics Bases – Caste, Class, Gender
Social Change – Meaning, Characteristics, Factors – Technological Cultural

Unit V Sociology, Methods and Techniques
Auguste Comte: Law of Three Stages, Emile Durkheim: Suicide, G.S.Ghurey: Caste, M.N. Srinivas: Sanskritisation, Methods: Observation – Meaning and Types, Tools and Techniques: Questionnaire and Schedule – Meaning, Merits and Demerits.

BOOK PRESCRIBED:
1. Bureau’s Higher Secondary (+2) Sociology, Part-I Published by Odisha State Bureau of Textbook Preparation & Production, Bhubaneswar.
2. Sociology, Part-I, NCERT.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Education Book Solutions (+ 2 2nd Year)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Education Book Solutions in English Medium

Unit I Contribution of Educators

• Chapter 1 Mahatma Gandhi
• Chapter 2 Pandit Gopabandhu Das
• Chapter 3 Sri Aurobindo
• Chapter 4 Jean Jacques Rousseau
• Chapter 5 John Dewey

Unit II Learning and Motivation

• Chapter 6 Meaning, Nature, and Factors of Learning
• Chapter 7 Theories of Learning: Trial and Error Theory, and Laws of Learning
• Chapter 8 Classical Conditioning Theory
• Chapter 9 Insightful and Observational Learning
• Chapter 10 Learning as Construction of Knowledge
• Chapter 11 Motivation in Learning – Meaning, Types & Techniques of Motivation

Unit III Current Issues in Education

• Chapter 12 Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) and RTE
• Chapter 13 Education for National Integration and International Understanding
• Chapter 14 Environmental Education
• Chapter 15 Value Education and Human Rights Education
• Chapter 16 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education
• Chapter 17 Life Skills Education

Unit IV Educational Statistics

• Chapter 18 Statistics: Meaning, Nature, and Uses
• Chapter 19 Frequency Distribution
• Chapter 20 Graphical Representation of Data and Measures of Central Tendency

Unit 1 Contribution of Educators

• Contribution of Educators Objective Questions
• Contribution of Educators Short Answer Questions
• Contribution of Educators Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 Learning and Motivation

• Learning and Motivation Objective Questions
• Learning and Motivation Short Answer Questions
• Learning and Motivation Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 Current Issues in Education

• Current Issues in Education Objective Questions
• Current Issues in Education Short Answer Questions
• Current Issues in Education Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 Educational Statistics

• Educational Statistics Questions and Answers

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Education Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Unit 1 ଶିକ୍ଷାବିତମାନଙ୍କର ଦାନ

• Chapter 1 ମହାତ୍ମା ଗାନ୍ଧି
• Chapter 2 ପଣ୍ଡିତ ଗୋପବନ୍ଧୁ ଦାସ
• Chapter 3 ଶ୍ରୀ ଅରବିନ୍ଦ
• Chapter 4 ଜିନ୍ ଜାକୁଏସ୍ ଋଷୋ
• Chapter 5 ଜନ୍ ନ୍ୟୁଇ

Unit 2 ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ଏବଂ ଅଭିପ୍ରେରଣା

• Chapter 6 ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ
• Chapter 7 ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣାତ୍ମକ ଶିକ୍ଷଣ
• Chapter 8 ଶିକ୍ଷଣରେ ଅଭିପ୍ରେରଣା

Unit 3 ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ଶିକ୍ଷା ସମସ୍ୟା

• Chapter 9 ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ଶିକ୍ଷାର ସାର୍ବଜନୀନୀକରଣ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷାଧିକାର
• Chapter 10 ଜାତୀୟ ସଂହତି ଓ ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତିକ ବୁଝାମଣା ପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷା
• Chapter 11 ପରିବେଶ ଶିକ୍ଷା
• Chapter 12 ମୂଲ୍ୟବୋଧ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଓ ମାନବାଧିକାର ଶିକ୍ଷା
• Chapter 13 ଶିକ୍ଷାରେ ସୂଚନା ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାର ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତି ବିଦ୍ୟା
• Chapter 14 ଜୀବନ ନୈପୁଣ୍ୟ (ଦକ୍ଷତା) ଶିକ୍ଷା

Unit 4 ଶୈକ୍ଷିକ ପରିସଂଖ୍ୟାନ

• Chapter 15 ଶୈକ୍ଷିକ ପରିସଂଖ୍ୟାନ (ପରିସଂଖ୍ୟାନ, ପୌନଃପୁନଃ ବିତରଣ, ତଥ୍ୟର ରେଖଚିତ୍ର ବା ଗ୍ରାଫୀୟ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ, କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ପ୍ରବଣତା ମାପ)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Education Syllabus (+2 2nd Year)

EDUCATION ELECTIVE (Second Year)
Theory – 70 marks & Practical – 30 marks.
Theory Paper – II
FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION – II

Unit I Fundamentals of Education (20 periods)
Contribution of Educators: Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Gopabandhu Das, Sri Aurobindo, Jena Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey.

Unit-II Learning and Motivation (20 Periods)
Meaning, Nature and Factors of Learning, Theories of Learning: Trial and Error Theory and Laws of Learning, Classical Conditioning Theory, Insightful Learning, Learning and Construction of knowledge, Motivation in Learning: Meaning, Types, and Techniques of motivation.

Unit-III Current Issues in Education (20 Periods)
Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) and RTE, Education for National Integration and International Understanding, Environmental Education, Value Education, Human Rights Education, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education, and Life-skills Education.

Unit-IV Educational Statistics (20 Periods)
Statistics: Meaning, Nature and uses, Frequency Distribution, Graphical Representation of Data: Histogram, Polygon, and Pie-Chart, Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and mode – meaning, calculation, and uses.

Practical (60 Periods)
(To be examined by both external and Internal Examiners)
A. Practice Teaching Five Lessons in the Classroom in the selected subject (30 Periods)
B. Preparation of Five Improvised Teaching Aids relating to the Five lesser planes along with their improvised teaching aids records (30 Periods)
For the Final Practical Examination, students shall deliver one lesson in their method subject.
Practice teaching records and improvised teaching aids records will be submitted during the final examination.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Bureau Uchcha Madhyamik Siksha 2 (in Odia)
2. Bureau’s Higher Secondary Education II. Published by Odisha State Bureau of Textbook Preparation & Production, Bhubaneswar.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Text Book Solutions

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Logic Book Solutions (+ 2 2nd Year)

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Logic Book Solutions in English Medium

• Chapter 1 The Theory of Inference
• Chapter 2 Syllogism
• Chapter 3 Mixed Syllogism
• Chapter 4 Deductive and Inductive Fallacies
• Chapter 5 Symbolic Logic
• Chapter 6 Experimental Methods of Mill
• Chapter 7 Scientific Explanation
• Chapter 8 Naya Theory of Knowledge
• Chapter 9 Doctrine of Karma
• Chapter 10 Gandhi: Truth and Non-Violence

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Logic Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Unit 1 ଅନୁମାନ – ଅନୁମାନର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହିତ

• ଅନୁମାନ – ଅନୁମାନର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହିତ Objective Questions
• ଅନୁମାନ – ଅନୁମାନର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହିତ Short & Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ ଓ ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି

• ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ ଓ ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି Objective Questions
• ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ ଓ ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି Short Answer Questions
• ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ ଓ ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 ତର୍କଦୋଷ ଓ ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର

• ତର୍କଦୋଷ ଓ ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର Objective Questions
• ତର୍କଦୋଷ ଓ ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର Short Answer Questions
• ତର୍କଦୋଷ ଓ ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 ମିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି, ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ

• ମିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି, ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ Objective Questions
• ମିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି, ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ Short & Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 ନ୍ୟାୟଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ କର୍ମବାଦ

• ନ୍ୟାୟଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ କର୍ମବାଦ Objective Questions
• ନ୍ୟାୟଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ କର୍ମବାଦ Short & Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Logic Syllabus (+2 2nd Year) in English

Unit 1
The Theory of Inference: Classification of Inference, Conversion, Obversion, Categorical Syllogism: Structure, Figure, Moods. Rules of syllogism, Determination of valid Moods.

Unit 2
Special rules of Figures, Aristotle’s Dictum, Direct and Indirect Reduction.
Mixed Syllogism: Different forms – Hypothetical categorical, Alternative Categorical, Disjunctive Categorical, Dilemma: Forms, Refutation, Rebuttal of Dilemma.

Unit 3
Fallacy: Deductive Fallacy, Semi-logical Fallacies, Inductive Fallacies: Fallacy of Illicit Generalisation, False Analogy, Ignoratio Elenchi. Propositional Logic: Symbolic Logic and its Characteristics, Propositional Variables, Logical Constants, Propositional Connectives, Truth Functions, Construction of Truth Tables, Testing Validity by direct Truth Table Method.

Unit 4
Methods of Experimental Enquiry: Mill’s Five Experimental Methods.
Scientific Explanation: Nature of Scientific Explanation.

Unit 5
Nyaya Theory of Knowledge :Perception and Inference: Vyapti and its ascertainments.
Doctrine of karma: Niskama Karma of Bhagavad Gita, Gandian Concept of Non Violence.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Logic Book Syllabus (+2 2nd Year)

Unit 1 ଅନୁମାନ – ଅନୁମାନର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହିତ
ଅନୁମାନ – ଅନୁମାନର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ – ଅବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ – ସମବର୍ତ୍ତନ, ବ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ; ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ– ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି, ଏହାର ଅବୟବାବଳୀ, ନ୍ୟାୟ-ସଂସ୍ଥାନ, ନ୍ୟାୟରୂପ, ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତିର ସାଧାରଣ ନିୟମାବଳୀ, ନ୍ୟାୟରୂପ-ମାନଙ୍କର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ।

Unit 2 ବ୍ୟବହିତ ଅନୁମାନ ଓ ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି
ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସଂସ୍ଥାନର ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ନିୟମାବଳୀ, ଆରିଷ୍ଟୋଟଲଙ୍କ ମୌଳିକ ସୂତ୍ର, ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ ଓ ଅସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ ରୂପାନ୍ତରୀକରଣ ।
ମିଶ୍ର ତ୍ରିପଦୀଯୁକ୍ତି – ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର : ପ୍ରାକଳ୍ପିକ ନିରପେକ୍ଷ, ବିଯୋଜକ – ନିରପେକ୍ଷ, ବୈକଳ୍ପିକ — ନିରପେକ୍ଷ, ଦ୍ବିଶୃଙ୍ଗକ ନ୍ୟାୟ, ଦ୍ବିଶୃଙ୍ଗକ ଯୁକ୍ତିର ପ୍ରକାରଭେଦ, ଦ୍ବି ଶୃଙ୍ଗକ ଯୁକ୍ତିର ଆକାରଗତ ବୈଧତା, ବସ୍ତୁଗତ ସତ୍ୟାସତ୍ୟ ବିଚାର, ଦ୍ବିଶୃଙ୍ଗକ ଯୁକ୍ତିର ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ ।

Unit 3 ତର୍କଦୋଷ ଓ ପ୍ରତୀକାତ୍ମକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର
ତର୍କଦୋଷ – ଅବରୋହୀ ତର୍କଦୋଷ, ଅବରୋହୀ – ଅନୁମାନ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ତର୍କଦୋଷ, ଆପାତଃ ତର୍କଦୋଷ । ଆରୋହୀ ତର୍କଦୋଷ – ଅବୈଧ ସାମାନ୍ୟକରଣ ତର୍କଦୋଷ, ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ଉପମା କିମ୍ବା ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଉପମା ତର୍କଦୋଷ, ବଳକା ତର୍କଦୋଷ, ଅବାନ୍ତର ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ ଦୋଷ ।
ପ୍ରତୀକାମୂକ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର ଏବଂ ଏହାର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ- ତର୍କବାକ୍ୟମୂଳକ ଚଳ- ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ରୀୟ ସ୍ଥିରାଙ୍କ- ସତ୍ୟଫଳନ – ସତ୍ୟସାରଣୀ- ସତ୍ୟ ସାରଣୀ ପଦ୍ଧତି । ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ ସତ୍ୟସାରଣୀ ପଦ୍ଧତି ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ବୈଧତା ପରୀକ୍ଷା ।
ପୁନରୁକ୍ତିକ ତର୍କବାକ୍ୟମୂଳକ ସୂତ୍ର- ବିରୁଦ୍ଧ ତର୍କବାକ୍ୟମୂଳକ ସୂତ୍ର- ଆପାତିତ ତର୍କବାକ୍ୟମୂଳକ ସୂତ୍ର । ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଉଦାହରଣମାନଙ୍କର ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ ସତ୍ୟ ସାରଣୀ ପଦ୍ଧତି ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ବୈଧତା ପରୀକ୍ଷା ।

Unit 4 ମିଲ୍ଲଙ୍କ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି, ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ
ମିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି—ମିଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ପଦ୍ଧତି— (୧) ଅନ୍ବୟ ପଦ୍ଧତି, (୨) ବ୍ୟତିରେକ ପଦ୍ଧତି, (୩) ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ପଦ୍ଧତି, (୪) ସହଚାରୀ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ପଦ୍ଧତି, (୫) ପରିଶେଷ ପଦ୍ଧତି ।
ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ– ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନର ଲକ୍ଷଣ ।

Unit 5 ନ୍ୟାୟଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ କର୍ମବାଦ
ନ୍ୟାୟଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ – ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଓ ଅନୁମାନ, ବ୍ୟାପ୍ତି ଓ ଏହାର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା
କର୍ମବାଦ – ଭଗବତ୍ ଗୀତାର ନିଷ୍କାମ କର୍ମ, ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀଙ୍କ ଅହିଂସାବାଦ

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Text Book Solutions

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Economics Book Solutions (+ 2 2nd Year)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Economics Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Chapter 1 ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର ସଂଜ୍ଞା, ପରିସର ଓ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ

• ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର ସଂଜ୍ଞା, ପରିସର ଓ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ Objective & Short Answer Questions
• ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର ସଂଜ୍ଞା, ପରିସର ଓ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 2 ଅର୍ଥବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାର ପରିଚୟ ଏବଂ ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ସମସ୍ୟାବଳୀ

• ଅର୍ଥବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାର ପରିଚୟ ଏବଂ ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ସମସ୍ୟାବଳୀ Objective & Short Answer Questions
• ଅର୍ଥବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାର ପରିଚୟ ଏବଂ ଅର୍ଥଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ସମସ୍ୟାବଳୀ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 3 ମୌଳିକ ଧାରଣା (ମାନବୀୟ ଅଭାବ, ଉପଯୋଗିତା, ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ, ମୂଲ୍ୟ, ଦର ଓ ସମ୍ପଦ)

• ମୌଳିକ ଧାରଣା Objective Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ଧାରଣା Short Answer Questions
• ମୌଳିକ ଧାରଣା Long Answer Questions

Chapter 4 ଉପଭୋଗର ନିୟମ

• ଉପଭୋଗର ନିୟମ Objective Questions
• ଉପଭୋଗର ନିୟମ Short & Long Answer Questions

Chapter 5 ଚାହିଦା

• ଚାହିଦା Objective Questions
• ଚାହିଦା Short Answer Questions
• ଚାହିଦା Long Answer Questions

Chapter 6 ଉତ୍ପାଦନ

• ଉତ୍ପାଦନ Objective Questions
• ଉତ୍ପାଦନ Short & Long Answer Questions

Chapter 7 ପରିବ୍ୟୟ

• ପରିବ୍ୟୟ Objective Questions
• ପରିବ୍ୟୟ Short Answer Questions
• ପରିବ୍ୟୟ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 8 ଆୟ

Chapter 9 ଯୋଗାଣ

• ଯୋଗାଣ Objective & Short Answer Questions
• ଯୋଗାଣ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 10 ବଜାର

• ବଜାର Objective Questions
• ବଜାର Short Answer Questions
• ବଜାର Long Answer Questions

Chapter 11 ସମଷ୍ଟି ଅର୍ଥନୀତି

• ସମଷ୍ଟି ଅର୍ଥନୀତି Objective & Short Answer Questions
• ସମଷ୍ଟି ଅର୍ଥନୀତି Long Answer Questions

Chapter 12 ଜାତୀୟ ଆୟ

• ଜାତୀୟ ଆୟ Objective Questions
• ଜାତୀୟ ଆୟ Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 13 କେନ୍‌ସଙ୍କ ଆୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ

• କେନ୍‌ସଙ୍କ ଆୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ Objective Questions
• କେନ୍‌ସଙ୍କ ଆୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ Short Answer Questions
• କେନ୍‌ସଙ୍କ ଆୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 14 ମୁଦ୍ରା

• ମୁଦ୍ରା Objective Questions
• ମୁଦ୍ରା Short & Long Answer Questions

Chapter 15 ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ

• ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ Objective Questions
• ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ Short Answer Questions
• ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 16 ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରବିତ୍ତ

• ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରବିତ୍ତ Objective Questions
• ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରବିତ୍ତ Short Answer Questions
• ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରବିତ୍ତ Long Answer Questions

Chapter 17 ବଜେଟ୍

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Economics Book Solutions in English Medium

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1 Introduction

• Chapter 1 Definition of Economics and Central Problems of An Economy
• Chapter 2 Basic Economic Concepts (Wants, Utility, Goods, Value, Price and Wealth)

Unit II Consumption and Demand

• Chapter 3 Laws of Consumption
• Chapter 4 Demand and Price Elasticity of Demand

Unit III Production

• Chapter 5 Production

Unit IV Cost, Revenue and Supply

• Chapter 6 Cost and Revenue
• Chapter 7 Supply

Unit V Market

• Chapter 8 Market

Part B: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit VI Introduction

• Chapter 9 Meaning of Macroeconomics

Unit VII National Income

• Chapter 10 Aggregates Related to National Incorne
• Chapter 11 Theory of Income Determination

Unit VIII Money, Banking and Public Finance

• Chapter 12 Money and Banking
• Chapter 13 Public Finance

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Economics Syllabus (+2 2nd Year)

Second Year CHSE (2025-2026)
Economics Paper-II
(Elementary Micro and Macro Economics)

Part A: Introductory Micro Economics

Unit I Introduction (10 Periods, 10 Marks)

• Definition, scope, and subject matter of economics.
• Meaning of economy and central problems of an economy – scarcity and choice, what, how, and for whom to produce?
• Basic concepts – wants, utility, goods, value, price, and wealth.

Unit II Consumption and Demand (14 Periods, 15 Marks)

• Laws of consumption – marginal and total utility, law of diminishing marginal utility, the law of equimarginal utility, and conditions of consumer’s equilibrium.
• Demand – meaning and determinants, individual and market demand, demand schedule and demand curve, movement along and shifts in the demand curve.
• Price elasticity of demand – concept, determinants, measurement of price elasticity of demand; percentage and geometric methods (linear demand curve), the relation of price elasticity of demand with total expenditure.

Unit III Production (10 Periods, 10 Marks)

• Meaning of production and production function – short run and long run.
• Total, Average, and Marginal Product.
• Law of variable proportions and returns to a factor.

Unit IV Cost, Revenue, and Supply (12 Periods, 15 Marks)

• Cost – money and real cost, implicit and explicit cost, fixed and variable cost, Total, average, and marginal costs in the short ru,n and their relationship (simple analysis).
• Revenue – Total, average, and marginal revenue and their relationship.
• Supply – meaning and law of supply

Unit V Market (8 Periods, 10 Marks)

• Meaning and forms of market, pure and perfect competition, price determination under perfect competition, and effects of shifts in demand and supply.
• Meaning and features of monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.

Part B: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit VI Introduction (4 Periods, 5 Marks)

• Meaning of macroeconomics, Distinction between macro- and microeconomics, the subject matter of macroeconomics

Unit VII National Income (10 Periods, 15 Marks)

• Meaning and aggregates related to national income – GNP, NNP, GDP, and NDP at market price and factor cost.
• National disposable income (Gross and Net), Private Income, Personal income, Personal disposable income, Nominal and real national income.
• Income determination – Aggregate Demand and Supply and their components, simple Keynesian Theory of Income Determination.

Unit VIII Money, Banking, and Public Finance (12 Periods, 20 Marks)

• Meaning and Functions of Money.
• Meaning and Functions of Commercial Banks.
• Functions of the Central Bank.
• Meaning of Public Finance and Difference between public and private finance.
• Budget – Meaning and objectives, a balanced and unbalanced budget, surplus and deficit budget.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Text Book Solutions

BSE Odisha Class 7 Sanskrit Solutions Book Pdf Download

• Chapter 1 ‘ର’ କାରାନ୍ତପୁଲିଙ୍ଗଃ
• Chapter 2 ‘ଇ’ କାରାନ୍ତସ୍ତୀଲିଙ୍ଗଃ
• Chapter 3 ‘ଈ’ କାରାନ୍ତସ୍ଵୀଲିଙ୍ଗଃ
• Chapter 4 ‘ଇ’ କାରାନ୍ତନପୁଂସକଲିଙ୍ଗଃ
• Chapter 5 ସଂଖ୍ୟା
• Chapter 6 ପୂରଣବାଚକଶବ୍ଦାଃ
• Chapter 7 ସମୟଃ
• Chapter 8 ସର୍ବନାମ ପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 9 କାରକପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 10 ପ୍ରଥମାବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 11 ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟାବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 12 ତୃତୀୟା ବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 13 ଚତୁର୍ଥୀବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 14 ପଞ୍ଚମୀବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 15 ଷଷ୍ଠୀବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 16 ସପ୍ତମୀବିଭକ୍ତିପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 17 ଆତ୍ମ-ନ-ବା ପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 18 ଲଙ୍ଲକାର ପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ
• Chapter 19 ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟଃ
• Chapter 20 ସମ୍ଭାଷଣମ୍
• Chapter 21 ଶିଶୁଗୀତମ ଭାରତଭକ୍ତାଃ

BSE Odisha 7th Class Text Book Solutions

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 6th Class English Solutions Test-2(A) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 6 English Solutions Test-2(A)

BSE Odisha 6th Class English Test-2(A) Text Book Questions and Answers

□ The figures in the right-hand margin indicate the marks for each question.
1. Write the following names of persons in English.
(Teacher will provide names of six persons in Odia.)

ଡାକ୍ତର ରାଜେନ୍ଦ୍ର ପ୍ରସାଦ
ରଣଜିତ ସିଂହ
ଅରବିନ୍ଦ ଘୋଷ
ବାଘା ଜତିନ
ସମ୍ରାଟ ଅଶୋକ |
ରାଜା ଦଶରଥ

Answer:
Doctor Rajendra Prasad
Ranjit Singh
Aurobindo Ghose
Bagha Jatin
Emperor Ashok
King Dasaratha

2. Write the following names of places in English.
(Teacher will provide names of six places in Odia.)

ପୁଡୁଚେରୀ |
ଶ୍ରୀ ଲଙ୍କା
ବିଜୟ ନାଗର
ମଥୁରା |
ମୁମ୍ବାଇ |
କପିଳାସ

Answer:
Puducherry
Srilanka
Vijaya Nagar
Mathura
Mumbai
Kapilas

3. Your teacher will give a dictation of twelve words. Listen to him/her and write.

Answer:
village
classmate
friend
decided
deaf
Good Morning
fever
Germany
soldier
quarters
country
understand

4. Given below are some words. Your teacher will read aloud seven of them. Tick those s/he reads aloud.
language, young, neither, retire, gunny bag, religious, sight, greedy, weather, straightened, beautiful, special, elephant, bicycle
[Listen to your teacher carefully and tick those words as he reads aloud.]

5. Your teacher will read aloud a paragraph. Listen to him/her and fill in the gaps. (Question with Answer)
Once there lived a poor man in a village. He had a rich classmate. He lived in a town. They did not meet for a long time. In the meantime, the rich friend had problems with his ear and became deaf. His friend in the village could not know this.

6. Match the words which sound alike at the end. (Question with Answer)

Answer:

7. Read The poem and answer the questions incomplete sentences.

There was a dog and there was a cat.
One very thin and the other is fat.
Neither of them was a pet.
But the cat always sat on a mat.
and claimed she was a loving pet.

Question (i)
Who were there in the poem?
Answer:
In the poem, there were a dog and a cat.

Question (ii)
How were they?
Answer:
One was very thin and the other was fat.

Question (iii)
Were they pets?
Answer:
No, neither of them was a pet.

Question (iv)
Who sat on a mat?
Answer:
The cat always sat on a mat.

Question (v)
What did the cat claim?
Answer:
The cat claimed that she was a loving pet.

(vi)
Who was very thin?
Answer:
The dog was very thin.

8. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions in complete sentences.
“There is a special school in Karagudi. It is special because it is not for children. Can you guess for whom it is ? It is for baby elephants. Who teaches them? The elephant trainers teach them. Like our schools, they have a timetable. They learn, play and eat according to this timetable.

Question (i)
What is there in Karagudi?
Answer:
There is a special school in Karagudi.

Question (ii)
Why is this school special?
Answer:
This school is special because it is not for children.

Question (iii)
Who are the students?
Answer:
Baby elephants are the students.

Question (iv)
Who are the teachers?
Answer:
The elephant trainers are the teachers.

Question (v)
What do they have like our schools?
Answer:
Like our schools, they have a timetable.

Question (vi)
How do they follow it?
Answer:
According to this timetable, they learn, play, and eat in the special school.

9. Read the following poem and answer the questions in complete sentences.

It was a very cool night And there
was no crab in sight.
The fox looked for one
But there was none.
“Where did they go ?”
Not even one in sight!
They must be in their holes If
I’m right.”

Question (i)
How was the night?
Answer:
It was a very cool night.

Question (ii)
What was not in sight?
Answer:
There was no crab in sight.

Question (iii)
Who looked for the crab?
Answer:
The fox looked for the crab.

Question (iv)
Did he find one?
Answer:
No, he did not find any crab, because there was none.

Question (v)
Where did they go?
Answer:
They must have been in their holes.

Question (vi)
Who were there in the poem?
Answer:
There were the fox and the crab in the poem.

10. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions in complete sentences.
Mahagiri was a big elephant. He was trained at a special school. He was bought by a merchant. The merchant made a lot of money by putting Mahagiri to work. The elephant was often sent to the forest to carry heavy logs of wood. Sometimes, he carried people from one place to another. Once, he even carried a bridegroom to the bride’s house! At times he was sent to a famous temple in a village nearby to lead the festival procession.

Question (i)
What is this paragraph about?
Answer:
This paragraph is about an elephant.

Question (ii)
Who was Mahagiri?
Answer:
Mahagiri was a big elephant.

Question (iii)
Where was Mahagiri trained?
Answer:
Mahagiri was trained at a special school.

Question (iv)
Who bought it?
Answer:
A merchant bought it.

Question (v)
How did the merchant make a lot of money?
Answer:
The merchant made a lot of money by putting Mahagiri to work.

Question (vi)
Why was the elephant often sent to the forest?
Answer:
The elephant was often sent to the forest to carry heavy logs of wood.

Question (vii)
What did he sometimes carry?
Answer:
Sometimes, he carried people from one place to another.

Question (viii)
What did he once even carry?
Answer:
Once, he even carried a bridegroom to the bride’s house.

Question (ix)
Where was he sent to at times?
Answer:
At times he was sent to a famous temple in a village nearby.

Question (x)
Why was he sent to a famous temple?
Answer:
He was sent to a famous temple to lead the festival procession.

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 6th Class English Solutions Test-2(B) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 6 English Solutions Test-2(B)

BSE Odisha 6th Class English Test-2(B) Text Book Questions and Answers

The figures in the right-hand margin indicate the marks for each question.
1. Write the following names of persons in English.
(Teacher will provide names of six persons ¡n Odia.)

ରାଜା ଦିବ୍ୟାସିଂହ ଦେବ
ରାଜା ରାମମୋହନ ରୟ |
ରାଜା ହରିଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
ରାମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର
ଚାଖି ଖୁଣ୍ଟିଆ
ଲକ୍ଷ୍ମଣ କୁମାର

Answer:
Raja Dibvasingh Deb
Raja Rammohan Roy
Raja Harischandra
Ramchandra
Chakhi Khuntia
Lakshmana Kumar

2. Write the following names of places ¡n English.
(Teacher will provide names of six places in Odia.)

ଦୌଲତାବାଦ
ସଂସଦ ଭବନ
ଜୁମ୍ମା ମସଜିଦ୍
ଦ୍ୱାରିକାପୁର
ଅୟୋଧ୍ୟା
ହସ୍ତିନା

Answer:
(i) Doulatabad
(ii) Parliament House
(iii) Jumma Mosque
(iv) Dwarikapura
(v) Ayodhya
(vi) Hasina

3. Your teacher will give a dictation of twelve words. Listen to him/her and write.

Answer:
Tamilnadu
children
elephant
instructions
trainer
circus
special
guess
naughty
raises
praised
popular

4. Given below are some words. Your teacher will read aloud seven of them. Tick those s/he reads aloud.
perhaps, sailor, zoo, trumpet, musical, private, driver, moon, doctor, pilot, cousin, farmer, builder, nurse, painter.
[Listen to your teacher carefully and tick those words as he reads aloud.]

5. Your teacher will read aloud a paragraph. You listen to him/her and fill in the gaps. (Question with Answer)
On Makar holidays Raghunath would come to his village Dandbose, a few kilometers away from Rairangpur town in the district of Mavurbhanj. He was then working at Baripada. In those days he was the only educated man in his area.

6. Match the words which sound alike at the end. (Question with Answer)

Answer:

7. Read the poem and answer the questions in complete sentences.

When I grow up
I want to be
A detective
With a master key.
I could be a soldier
Perhaps a sailor too.
Or become a keeper
At Nandan Kanan Zoo.
I’d like to own a trumpet
And play a musical tune.
Or buy a private space-ship
To fly to the moon.

Question (i)
Who is ‘I’ in the poem?
Answer:
The poet is T in the poem.

Question (ii)
What does the child want to be in the 1st stanza?
Answer:
In the first stanza, the child wants to be a detective.

Question (iii)
What does a detective have with him?
Answer:
A detective has a master key with him.

Question (iv)
In the second stanza, the child likes three professions. What are they?
Answer:
In the second stanza, the child likes three professions. They are soldiers, sailors, and keepers at Nandan Kanan zoo.

Question (v)
In which stanza does the poet describe a child’s interest in music?
Answer:
In the third stanza of the poem, the poet describes a child’s interest in music.

Question (vi)
How does he want to fly to the moon?
Answer:
He wants to buy a private spaceship in order to (960) fly him to the moon.

8. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions in complete sentences.
On Makar holidays Raghunath would come to his village Dandbose, a few kilometers away from Rairangpur town in the district of Mayurbhanj. He was then working at Baripada.

Question (i)
What is this paragraph about?
Answer:
This paragraph is about Raghunath.

Question (ii)
What is the name of his village?
Answer:
The name of his village is Dandbose.

Question (iii)
When would he come there?
Answer:
He would come there on the Makar holidays.

Question (iv)
How far is it from Rairangpur town?
Answer:
It is a few kilometers away from Rairangpur town.

Question (v)
Where is Rairangpur?
Answer:
Rairangpur is in the district of Mayurbhanj.

Question (vi)
Where was he working then?
Answer:
He was then working at Baripada.

9. Read the following poem and answer the questions in complete sentences.

“My father is a doctor.
My sister’s a doctor too.
My cousin works with animals.
He’s a keeper at the zoo.
What can I be?
What do I want to do?
I don’t want to be a farmer,
A builder or a nurse.
I don’t want to be a pilot, that is even worse.

Question (i)
What is the name of the poem?
Answer:
The name of the poem is “What can I be ?”

Question (ii)
Who is ‘I’ in the poem?
Answer:
The poet/child is T in the poem.

Question (iii)
What are the child’s father and sister?
Answer:
Both the child’s father and sister are doctors.

Question (iv)
Who is a keeper at the zoo?
Answer:
His cousin is a keeper at the zoo?

Question (v)
What doesn’t he want to be?
Answer:
He doesn’t want to be a farmer, a builder, a nurse, and a pilot.

Question (vi)
Whose job is worse?
Answer:
A pilot’s job is even worse.

10. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions in complete ententes.
“Raghunath Murmu was also a great writer. He had written many plays, novels, and poems in Santali. His most important play is ‘Kherwar Bir”. Martin Orans, a foreign scholar and writer, called this the Santali Mahabharata. Raghunath was awarded by the Odisha Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the Santali language and literature. The Government of Odisha has named the Medical College at Baripada after his name. What Fakir Mohan Senapati is to Odia language and literature, Raghunath Murmu is to Santali language and literature.

Question (i)
What else was Raghunath Murmu?
Answer:
Raghunath Murmu was also a great writer.

Question (ii)
What did he write in Santali?
Answer:
He had written many plays, novels and poems in Santali.

Question (iii)
Which book is Raghunath’s most important play?
Answer:
Raghunath’s most important play is “Kherwar Bir”.

Question (iv)
Who was Martin Orans?
Answer:
Martin Orans was a foreign scholar and writer.

Question (v)
Was he in high praise of Raghunath’s writings?
Answer:
Surely, he was in high praise of Raghunath’s writings.

Question (vi)
Which book is called (he Santal Mahabharat)?
Answer:
The book “Kherwar Bir” is called the Santal Mahabharata.

Question (vii)
What did the Odisha Sahitya Academy award him for?
Answer:
Raghunath Murmu was awarded by the Odisha Sahitya Academy for his contribution to Santali language and literature.

Question (viii)
What has the Government of Odisha done in his honor?
Answer:
In his honor, the Government of Odisha has named the Medical College at Baripada after his name.

Question (ix)
Who is Raghunath Murmu compared to?
Answer:
Raghunath Murmu is compared to Fakir Mohan Senapati.

Question (x)
How are they equal?
Answer:
What Fakir Mohan Senapati is to Odia language and literature, Raghunath Murmu is to Santali language and literature.