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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 6 Stay Hungry Stay Foolish Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Invitation English Non-Detailed Chapter 6 Stay Hungry Stay Foolish Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Stay Hungry Stay Foolish Class 12 Questions and Answers

Unit – 1

Gist:
At the outset, Steve Jobs narrates the first story related with his life. Jobs says that his biological mother was a young, unmarried college graduate student. She was interested to get him adopted by college graduates. His adoption took a shape, thanks to the lawyer and his wife. But after his birth they denied, as they really wanted a girl. So he was adopted by his foster parents. After 17 years, the writer joined Reed College which was as expensive as Stanford. After six months, he could realize the meaninglessness in spending his parents’ savings in such an institution. Lack of any idea concerning his ambition in life and how the college was going to help him in this regard gripped his mind. Therefore, the writer dropped out of the college. When he left the college it was frightening at the moment. Now he feels it was one of the finest decisions he had ever made.

After dropping out, he faced many difficulties such as, unavailability of a dorm room, sleeping on the floor in a friends’ room, returning of coke bottles for the 5 shilling deposits to buy food with and seven-mile walk every Sunday night for a good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. He enjoyed it very much. Then Jobs decided to learn calligraphy, because he was not attending normal courses. Besides, he was interested to learn the technique of producing beautiful typography. His knowledge of calligraphy helped Jobs design the first Macintosh computer, the first one with the art of designing how text will appear when it is printed. At last the writer refers to connecting the ‘dots’. It means looking backwards. Looking forward is futile. Act of looking backward will connect in one’s future.

ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ Steve Jobs ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ସହ ସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ ପ୍ରଥମ କାହାଣୀଟିକୁ ବର୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମଦାତ୍ରୀ ମାତା ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ଯୁବା ସୁନ୍ଦରୀ ଅବିବାହିତା ଓ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ସ୍ନାତକ ଛାତ୍ରୀ । ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ସ୍ନାତକମାନେ Jobsଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାକୁ ସେ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ଜଣେ ଓକିଲ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ପତ୍ନୀଙ୍କ ଯୋଗୁଁ ତାକର ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ହେବା ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣାଙ୍ଗ ରୂପ ପାଇଥିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମ ପରେ ସେମାନେ ଝିଅଟିଏ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ ବୋଲି କହି ମନା କରିଦେଲେ । ତେଣୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ତାଲିକାରେ ଥିବା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଳକ ପିତାମାତା ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ । ସତର ବର୍ଷ ପରେ Stanford ଭଳି ଏକ ବ୍ୟବୟବହୁଳ Reed ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ସେ ଯୋଗଦେଲେ । ଛ’ ମାସ ବିତିଗଲା । ଏଭଳି ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନରେ ତାଙ୍କର ଶ୍ରମିକ-ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ସମଗ୍ର ସଞ୍ଚୟକୁ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ କରିବା ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ବୋଲି ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିପାରିଲେ । ଜୀବନ ଅଭିଳାଷ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତାଙ୍କର କିଛି ଧାରଣା ନ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେହି ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସେ ଦିଗରେ କିପରି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରିବ ଏହି ଚିନ୍ତା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗ୍ରାସ କଲା । ତେଣୁ ସେ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରୁ ବାହାରି ଆସିଲେ । ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଭୟସଙ୍କୁଳ ଥିଲା ।

ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ଏହା ଥିଲା ତାଙ୍କର ଏକ ଅନ୍ୟତମ ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି । ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ଛାଡ଼ିଲା ପରେ ସେ ଅନେକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ଶୋଇବାପାଇଁ କୋଠରିଟିଏ ପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କର କୋଠରିର ଚଟାଣ ଉପରେ ଶୋଇଲେ । ଖାଦ୍ୟ କିଣିବା ପାଇଁ Jobs କୋକ୍ ବୋତଲ ଫେରାଇ ୫ ସିଲିଙ୍ଗ୍ ଜମା କରୁଥିଲେ । ହରେକୃଷ୍ଣ ମନ୍ଦିରରେ ସପ୍ତାହକୁ ଥରେ ଭଲ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଖାଇବାପାଇଁ ସେ ପ୍ରତି ରବିବାର ରାତିରେ ସାତ ମାଇଲ ଚାଲୁଥିଲେ; ମାତ୍ର ସେ ଏହାକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରୁଥିଲେ । ତା’ପରେ Jobs ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ନିୟମିତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରୁନଥିବାରୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନକଳା ଶିକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ସ୍ଥିର କଲେ । ଏତଦ୍‌ବ୍ୟତୀତ ସୁନ୍ଦର ମୁଦ୍ରଣ ବିଦ୍ୟା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିବାର କୌଶଳ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରିବାକୁ ସେ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ହେଲେ । ସୁନ୍ଦର ହସ୍ତଲିପି ଜ୍ଞାନ Jobsଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଥମ Macintosh କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ନକ୍ସା ଅଙ୍କନ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିଥିଲା ଯାହାକି ମୁଦ୍ରଣପରେ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟ କିପରି ଦେଖାଯିବ ତାହା ନିରୂପଣ କରିବାରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ଥିଲା । ତା’ରେ ସେ ଜୀବନର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଘଟଣାବଳୀର ସଂଯୋଗ କରିବା କଥା କହିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଅର୍ଥ ଅତୀତକୁ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ଦେବା । ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ଦେବା ନିରର୍ଥକ । ଅତୀତର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାଲୋଚନା ଜଣକୁ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଆଗକୁ ବଢ଼ିବାରେ ସହାୟତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାଏ ।

Glossary :
commencement: a ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are conferred (ଏକ ଉତ୍ସବ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଶିକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଏ)
drop out: a student who withdraws before completing a course (ଅଧାରୁ ପାଠ ଛାଡ଼ିଥିବା ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ)
drop-in: visitor (ପରିଦର୍ଶକ)
unwed : unmarried (ଅବିବାହିତ) : ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବା
quit: ଛାଡ
strongly: ଗଭୀର ଭାବରେ
popped out: (here) took birth (ଜନ୍ମ ନେଲା)
relented: finally agreed after refusing (ମନା କରିବା ପରେ ରାଜି ହେବା)
naively: innocently
expensive: costly (ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ)
trust: ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା
scary: frightening (ଭୟପ୍ରଦ)
dorm room: a room for several people to sleep
stumbled into: became involved in something by chance (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ ହେବା)
curiosity: କୌତୁହଳ
intuition: ଅନ୍ତର୍ଜ୍ଞାନ
priceless: ଅମୂଲ୍ୟ
calligraphy : act of producing beautiful handwriting
typeface: a visual representation a set of characters in typography (ଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ଉପସ୍ଥାପନା)
serif and sans serif: a kind typeface (ଏକପ୍ରକାର ଉପସ୍ଥାପନା )
typography: the art of designing how text will appear when it is printed (ମୁଦ୍ରଣ ବିଦ୍ୟା)
subtle : ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ/ଚତୁର
fascinating: ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ
Macintosh computer: a popular model of computer made by Apple Computer introduced in 1984 (୧୯୮୪ ମସିହାରେ Apple କମ୍ପାନୀଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଏକ)
fonts: size of typefaces (ଆକୃତି)
Windows: operating systems in a computer
destiny: ଭାଗ୍ୟ
never let me down: not failed the writer

Think it out

Question 1.
What does Jobs say about his mother?
Answer:
Jobs says that his biological mother was a young and unmarried college graduate student. She wanted her child to be adopted by college graduates. At first it was settled that he would be adopted by a lawyer and his wife. Later they refused and he was adopted by his foster parents. But when she came to know that his foster parents were not graduates, she refused to sign adoption papers. Few month later when they promised to send him to college she agreed.

Question 2.
How did his foster parents adopt him?
Answer:
His foster parents adopted him by promising to send him to a college someday. Their promise came after a lot of hiccups.

Question 3.
What does he say about his studies at Reed College?
Answer:
After a span of 17 years, the speaker joined Reed College which is as expensive as Stanford. He spent the entire earnings of his working-class parents on paying his college fees. After studying for six months, he found that it was of no use to continue.

Question 4.
Why did he drop out from college?
Answer:
He was clueless about his future ambition. He was not aware of the role of how the institution would help him in this respect. Besides, he could not find any importance on spending his foster parents’ hard-eam money in that institution. Therefore, he dropped out of the college.

Question 5.
What difficulties did he face after he dropped out?
Answer:
Many difficulties were in store for him after he dropped out. He did not find a dorm room where several people used to sleep. Therefore, he slept on the floor in his friends’ rooms. He returned coke bottles in exchange for 5 shilling deposits with which he bought food. He had to walk seven miles every Sunday night to enjoy one fine meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.

Question 6.
Why did he decide to learn calligraphy?
Answer:
He decided to learn calligraphy, because he did not feel the importance of going through general subjects. In the college campus, every poster, every label on every drawer bore the stamp of beautiful handwriting. And this compelled his attention.

Question 7.
How did his knowledge of calligraphy help him?
Answer:
The speaker’s knowledge of calligraphy helped him design the first Macintosh computer. He designed all into the Mac. Macintosh became the first one thathad a touch of beautiful typography. Then Windows came into existence after just copying the Mac.

Question 8.
What does he mean by connecting the ‘dots’?
Answer:
By connecting ‘dots’, Jobs means connecting the events looking backwards, instead of looking forwards. In other words, past experiences can help us look forwards to our future. Jobs’ study of typography in Reed College and designing the first computer Mac is a case in point

Unit – II

Gist:
The speaker’s second story deals with his sufferings and recovery. At the age of 20, it was fortunate of the writer to start Apple along with his class-mate Steve Wozniak. His parents’ garage was their place of work. Their hard labour witnessed a spectacular growth of the company. In a decade the garage turned into 2 billion dollar company with over 4000 employees. When he was 30, their finest creation the Macintosh came into existence. But, ironically, hiring of a talented person to run the company with him became a thorn in his flesh. Their divergent visions of future and their ultimate disagreement and the support extended to the hired person by the Board of Directors drove the founder out of his company. He was only 30 at that time.

The brain-child of his youthful life was snatched away from him. It was a great shock to Jobs. He was at a loss for a few months. He found himself in deep misery. At last he came back to reality. He made up his mind to start afresh. In his moments of crisis, he could not realize that being ousted from Apple was a blessing in disguise. Jobs became a beginner relegating his erstwhile success to the background. Now the most innovative moments of his life began to take shape with the set-up of a company named NeXT and another one named Pixar in the course of the following five years. During this period he also fell in love with a wonderful woman Laurene and married her. Pixar*s Toy story, the world’s first computer animated feature film, has now grown into world’s most successful animation studio. Jobs returned to the Apple Inc, when it purchsed his NeXT. These twist of events made him conclude that one shouldn’t lose faith in the face a crisis. One should love what one does. Jobs advises the children to go on striving for the work dear to their hearts, until they get it.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟ କାହାଣୀଟି ତାଙ୍କର ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶା ଓ ସେଥୁ ମୁକ୍ତି ସହିତ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଅଟେ । ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟର କଥା ଯେ ମାତ୍ର ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ Jobs ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ସହପାଠୀ Steve Wozniak Aple କମ୍ପାନୀ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ଗ୍ୟାରେଜ୍ ସେମାନଙ୍କ କର୍ମସ୍ଥଳୀ ଥିଲା । ସେମାନଙ୍କ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ ଫଳରେ କମ୍ପାନୀର ଚମତ୍କାର ଅଗ୍ରଗତି ହେଲା । ଏକ ଦଶନ୍ଧି ଭିତରେ ଗ୍ୟାରେଜ୍‌ ୪୦୦୦ କର୍ମଚାରୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରତ ଥ‌ିବା ୨୦୦ ନିୟୁତ ଡଲାର କମ୍ପାନୀରେ ପରିଣତ ହେଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ୩୦ ବର୍ଷ, ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି Macintosh ବଜାରକୁ ଆସିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ଭାଗ୍ୟର ବିଡ଼ମ୍ବନା ଯେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପରିଚାଳନା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ସହାୟତା ପାଇଁ ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରତିଭାବାନ୍ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ କଲେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିକୋଣ ଓ ସର୍ବାନ୍ତକରଣରେ ମତପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ପରିଚାଳନା ମଣ୍ଡଳୀର ନିଯୁକ୍ତିପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କୁ ସମର୍ଥନ କାରଣରୁ ସେ କମ୍ପାନୀରୁ ବିତାଡ଼ିତ ହେଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ମାତ୍ର ୩୦ ବର୍ଷ । ତାଙ୍କ ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥାର ମାନସ-ସନ୍ତାନକୁ ତାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଛଡ଼ାଇ ନିଆଯାଇଥିଲା ।

ଏହା Jobsଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଖୁବ୍ ଦୁଃଖଦାୟକ ଥିଲା ! କିଛି ମାସ ପାଇଁ ସେ କିଂକର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟବିମୂଢ଼ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଶେଷରେ ସେ ବାସ୍ତବ ଦୁନିଆକୁ ଫେରିଲେ । ଜୀବନକୁ ଆଉଥରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବାକୁ ସେ ମନସ୍ଥିର କଲେ । ସଙ୍କଟ ସମୟରେ ସେ ଭାବିପାରି ନ ଥିଲେ କମ୍ପାନୀରୁ ବହିଷ୍କାର ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ପରୋକ୍ଷରେ ଏକ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ଥିଲା । ଏବେ ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନର ସବୁଠାରୁ ସୃଜନଶୀଳ ମୁହୂର୍ଭଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବାସ୍ତବ ରୂପ ନେଲା । ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସେ ପ୍ରଥମେ NeXT ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ Pixar ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠା କଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ସେ Laureneଙ୍କ ପ୍ରେମରେ ପଡ଼ିଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିଭା ହେଲେ । Pixar ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ Toy Story ଥିଲା ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ପ୍ରଥମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ନିର୍ମିତ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଚଳଚ୍ଚିତ୍ର । Pixar ଏବେ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ସବୁଠାରୁ ସଫଳ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଚିତ୍ର ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଚିତ୍ରଶିଳ୍ପୀ କର୍ମଶାଳାରେ ପରିଣତ ହୋଇଛି । Apple ତାଙ୍କର NeXTକୁ କ୍ରୟ କଲା ପରେ Jobs ପୁନର୍ବାର Apple କମ୍ପାନୀକୁ ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ । ଜୀବନର ଏହି ମୋଡ଼ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତରେ ପହଞ୍ଚାଇଲା ଯେ ସଙ୍କଟ ସମୟରେ ଜଣେ ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟହରା ହେବା ଅନୁଚିତ । ଜଣେ ଯାହା କରୁଛି ତାହାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଇବା ଉଚିତ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ହୃଦୟାନୁସାରୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରେ ସଫଳତା ନ ପାଇଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେମାନେ ପ୍ରୟାସ ଜାରି ରଖୁବା ଉଚିତ ବୋଲି ସେ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ।

Glossary :
lucky: fortunate (ଭାଗ୍ୟବାନ)
garage: the place where vehicles are kept and repaired (ଗ୍ୟାରେଜ୍)
Woz: Steve Wozniak, a schoolmate of Steve Jobs
got fired: the narrator lost his service (ବରଖାସ୍ତ)
fired: dismissed from job
hired: (here) appointed (ପାଇଲେ )
talented: ପ୍ରତିଭାଶାଳୀ
run: (here)conduct (ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା )
I ……. me:The writer missed the chance he was offered.(ଲେଖକ ପାଇଥିବା ସୁଯୋଗ ହରାଇଥିଲେ ।)
screwing up: spoiling something (କିଛି ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା)
replaced : substituted (ଦେଲେ )
creative: innovative (ସୃଜନଶୀଳ)
amazing: wonderful (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟକର)
vision : ଦର୍ଶନ
diverge: go in different directions
fall out: have an argument
sided: supported
my entire adult life: Jobs’ whole youthful life (Jobs and ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥା)
devastating: extremely damaging (ଧ୍ୱଂସପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ଅବସ୍ଥା )
entrepreneur : someone who uses money to start business and make business
animated feature film: ଜୀବନ୍ତ ପ୍ରସାରଣ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ
remarkable : ଚମତ୍କାର
turn: change (ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ )
current: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ
renaissance: ନବୀକରଣ
awful: terrible (ଭୟଙ୍କର)
roll on: fly by (ଅତିବାହିତ ହେବା)
don’t settle: The write believes in moving forward. He doesn’t want anyone to be static. (ସ୍ଥାଣୁ ହୁଅ ନାହିଁ)

Think it out

Question 1.
How did Jobs set up the Apple Inc.?
Answer:
It was fortunate of him to do something dear to his heart early in life. At the age of twenty, Jobs and his schoolmate Woz started Apple in his parents garage. Their 10-year toil witnessed an astonishing 2 billion-dollar company with over 4,000 employees at its disposal. At the age of thirty, his finest creation, the Macintosh came to light.

Question 2.
How did he lose his position in the Apple Inc.?
Answer:
Apple Inc. grew phenomenally and it demanded the inclusion of another hired talented person with him. First year was quite fine. After that their visions of future began to differ. Their friendly relationship ceased. At that moment the Board of Directors lent support to the hired employee, but not to the Co-Founder of the company. The inevitable happened. Jobs lost his position in the Apple Inc, when he was 30.

Question 3.
How did he feel about his dismissal?
Answer:
Dismissal from the Apple Inc. had a terribly shocking effect on Jobs. He felt utterly confused. He was seized with a feeling that he had disappointed the previous generations of entrepreneurs. He went to the extent of apologizing David Packard and Job Noyce for spoiling something badly, but in vain. He felt himself to be a colossal failure and even thought of escaping the place.

Question 4.
How did he return to the Apple Inc.?
Answer:
The despair Jobs had experienced in the wake of his dismissal from Apple Inc. became a thing of the past. He made up his mind to start his life afresh. He now entered ‘the most creative moments’ of his life. In a span of five years, Jobs set up a company – NeXT, another one named Pixar; the latter became the creator of the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story and now no animation studio in the world matches it. At last Apple Inc. purchased NeXT. It marked Jobs’s return to Apple Inc.

Unit – III

Gist:
The speaker’s third story is related to death. At the age of 17, he read a quotation on death that had produced a great effect on him for the last 33 years. Consciousness of death became an inspirational force in his life. It was instrumental in making important choices in his life, because death leaves what is truly important, untouched, though it puts paid to all outward expectations, all pride and all fear of feeling ashamed or failure. Awareness of death is the best way to come out. of our negative mind-set. Jobs was afflicted with a form of pancreatic cancer. To recover from it is almost bleak. The doctor advised him to go home and settle everything for the well-being of his family. He learnt that he had no chance to live beyond three to six months. He was subjected to diagnosis throughout the day. The doctors noticed cells in the tumor under a microscope.

They cried because these cells become a rare form of pancreatic cancer. Surgery is the only treatment. Jobs underwent surgery and he is now quite fine. Death was very close to him. He views death as a beneficial but completely intellectual concept. In other words, nobody wants death. Even people interested to go to heaven don’t want it to reach their destination. But death is inevitable. It acts as an agent of life’s change. Man grows old and at last leaves the world forever. Jobs advises the students not to fritter away time, for time is too short. They should be dictated by their own inner voice.

There is no room for dogmatism. He calls upon them to follow their heart and intuition with courage. In his youth, Jobs had gone through The Whole Earth Catalog, a wonderful publication created by Stewart Brand and his team. It was packed with flawless and great ideas. Beneath a photograph of an early morning country road on the back cover of the final issue of The Whole Earth Catalog was written “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was the farewell message of Stewart and his team. Inspired by these magnificent words, Jobs advised the students to feel hungry to do more all the time and never to think that they had learnt all, and such thinking would reduce them to foolishness.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଲେଖକଙ୍କର ତୃତୀୟ ଗଳ୍ପ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସହିତ ସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ । ୧୭ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ ସେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଏକ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତାଂଶ ପଢ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଏ ଲେଖକଙ୍କର ଉପରେ ବିଗତ ୩୩ ବର୍ଷ ଧରି ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥିଲା । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସଚେତନତା ତାଙ୍କ ଆମର ବାହ୍ୟିକ ଆକାଂକ୍ଷା, ଗର୍ବ ଏବଂ ଲଜ୍ଜିତ ହେବାର ଭୟକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଧୂଳିସାତ୍ କରିଦିଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଯାହା ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ମହାନ୍ ତାକୁ ଏହା ସ୍ପର୍ଶ କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ଆମକୁ ନକାରାତ୍ମକ ମନୋଭାବ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ବାହାରି ଆସିବା ନିମନ୍ତେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସଚେତନତା ହେଉଛି ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ପନ୍ଥା । Jobs ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟଜନିତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗରେ ପୀଡ଼ିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ଏଥିରୁ ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ହେବାର ସମ୍ଭାବନା କ୍ଷୀଣ ଥିଲା। ତାଙ୍କୁ ଘରକୁ ଫେରି ପରିବାରବର୍ଗଙ୍କ ହିତ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ସମସ୍ତ ବନ୍ଦୋବସ୍ତ କରିବାକୁ ଚିକିତ୍ସକ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦେଇଥିଲେ । Jobs ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ ଯେ ୩ ମାସରୁ ୬ ମାସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ । Jobsଙ୍କୁ ତନ୍ନତନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରାଗଲା । ଅଣୁବୀକ୍ଷଣ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କର ବର୍ଦ୍ଧିତ ଅଂଶର ଜୀବକୋଷମାନ ଦେଖ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସକମାନେ କାନ୍ଦି ପକାଇଲେ । କାରଣ ଏହି ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟଜନିତ ଏପରି ଏକ କର୍କଟରୋଗ ଥିଲା ଯାହାର ଚିକିତ୍ସା କେବଳ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାରଦ୍ଵାରା ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇପାରିବ ।

ଶଲ୍ୟ ଚିକିତ୍ସାଦ୍ଵାରା Jobs ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ଲାଭ କରିଥିଲେ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭଲ ଅଛନ୍ତି । ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ସେ ଖୁବ୍ ନିକଟରୁ ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ । Jobsଙ୍କ ମତରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଲାଭଦାୟୀ ଏବଂ ଏକ ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ ବିଷୟ । ଅନ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥରେ, କେହି ମରିବାକୁ ଚାହାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଏପରିକି ସ୍ବର୍ଗପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ କେହି ମରିବାକୁ ଚାହାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଏହା ଜୀବନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନର ଏକ ପ୍ରତିନିଧୂ । ମଣିଷ ବୁଢ଼ା ହୋଇଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଶେଷରେ ସଂସାର ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଏ । Jobs ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରିବାକୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି, କାରଣ ଜୀବନର ପରିସ୍ ଖୁବ୍ ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ । ନିଜର ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଵରଦ୍ଵାରା ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରିଚାଳିତ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ବୋଲି କହିଛନ୍ତି । Jobs ତାଙ୍କ ଯୁବାବସ୍ଥାରେ Stewart Brand ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଥୀମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଏକ ସୁନ୍ଦର ପୁସ୍ତକ ‘The Whole Earth Catalog’ ସେ ପଢ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଏହା ତ୍ରୁଟିଶୂନ୍ୟ ଓ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରାରେ ଭରପୂର ଥିଲା । ପୁସ୍ତକର ଶେଷ ସଂସ୍କରଣର ଶେଷ ପୃଷ୍ଠାରେ ଏକ ଗ୍ରାମ୍ୟରାସ୍ତାର ସକାଳ ଦୃଶ୍ଯ ଚିତ୍ର ତଳେ ଲେଖାଥିଲା : “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” । ଏହା Stewart ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଥୀମାନଙ୍କର ବିଦାୟକାଳୀନ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଥିଲା ଏହି ଚମତ୍କାର ଶବ୍ଦାବଳୀଦ୍ଵାରା ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ ହୋଇ Jobs ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦେଇ କହିଥିଲେ ଯେ ଅଧ‌ିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେମାନେ କ୍ଷୁଧା ଅନୁଭବ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ଏବଂ ସବୁ ଶିଖୁଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି ଭାବିବା ଅନୁଚିତ, କାରଣ ଏଭଳି ଚିନ୍ତା ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବୋକାରେ ପରିଣତ କରିବ ।

Glossary :
It …… me: The quotation influenced the author. (ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା)
tool: (here) clue (ସୂଚନା )
encountered : met unexpectedly (ଅତର୍କିତଭାବେ ଭେଟିଲା)
embarrassment: awkwardness (agg)
trap: ଜାଲ
you …. naked: one is already on the brink of death
Goodbyes: ଶୁଭେଚ୍ଛା
biopsy: a medical test in which cells are taken from your body and examined to find out if they are healthy (ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ଜୀବକୋଷର ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ )
stuck: inserted (ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କଲେ)
I was sedated: Jobs was administered drugs to be calm
viewed: saw (ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ)
microscope: ଅଣୁବୀକ୍ଷଣ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର
rare: କ୍ବଚିତ୍
intellectual: ବୌଦ୍ଧିକ
concept: basic idea (ମୌଳିକ)
destination: ଗନ୍ତବ୍ୟସ୍ଥଳ
follow : obey (ପାଳନ କରିବା)
diagnosied: ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରିତ
cancer: କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ
scan: ତନ୍ନତନ୍ନ କରି ଦେଖୁ
pancreas: ପାଚକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥି|ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟ
incurable: state of not being cured (ଦୁରାରୋଗ୍ୟ)
button up: complete satisfactorily(କରିବା)
be cleared away: will face death
poetic touch: କାବ୍ୟସ୍ପର୍ଶ
generation: ପିଢ଼ି
polaroid: camera that produces photographs immediately
hitchhiking: to travel by asking for free rides in other people’s cars
adventurous: ଦୁଃସାହସିକ
beneath: under (ତଳେ)

Think it out

Question 1.
How did the quotation on death affect Jobs?
Answer:
The quotation on death left a profound impression on Jobs. In the meantime, thirty-three years have elapsed. Ever since, looking in the mirror every morning, he had asked himself if that was the last day of his life, whether he would perform his task of that day. Whenever he got negative answers many a time, instead of being hopeless, he felt the need to aspire for something different.

Question 2.
How did consciousness of death inspire him?
Answer:
The consciousness of death helped him make some important choices in life. The reason is not far to seek. Death destroys all glit and glitter, all pride and fear of awkwardness or failure, but it leaves genuinely significant things untouched.

Question 3.
What was the doctor’s advice to him when he was diagnosed with cancer?
Answer:
When he was diagnosed with cancer, the doctor’s advice to him was to go home and set everything in order concerning his family affair. He would try to share his thoughts with his children in just a few months in a convincing manner. He had no time to wait for the next ten years to apprise them of his ideas. Jobs’ definite and practical feelings would make his family accept his preparation with as little pain as possible.

Question 4.
How does Jobs view death?
Answer:
Jobs views death in a realistic fashion. He states that nobody wants death. Even people aspiring for liberation dread it. Death is inevitable. In Jobs’ view, death is possibly the single best invention of life. It plays the role of an agent of life’s change. Death replaces the old and paves the way for something that is new. A day comes when man becomes old and dies at last.

Question 5.
What is most important in face of death?
Answer:
Jobs appeals to the gathering not to fritter away their time in doing what others say, because life is too short. Death comes to all. Instead of being dogmatic, they should act in response to their inner voice. In a deceptive world like this, they must follow their heart and intuition with great courage. This is most important in the face of death.

Question 6.
What was Jobs’ farewell message?
Answer:
Jobs’ farewell message to the gathering was to develop ceaseless hunger for doing more and more. Instead of being contented with what they have done, they should always feel hungry to achieve more. Learning never ends. Jobs advised the scholars at the convocation never to think that they had learnt all. Such thinking still made them live in a world of fools.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Stay Hungry Stay Foolish Important Questions and Answers

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers:

Question 1.
The writer narrates three stories to give an account of his ___________.
(A) academic career
(B) life
(C) job
(D) childhood
Answer:
(B) life

Question 2.
His biological mother was-
(A) unmarried
(B) a great scholar
(C) young
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)

Question 3.
She was interested to put up the writer for-
(A) a change
(B) adoption
(C) a bright future
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) adoption

Question 4.
The writer’s college was very-
(A) typical
(B) cheap
(C) expensive
(D) careful about the students
Answer:
(C) expensive

Question 5.
The writer realized the ________ of going to his college.
(A) futility
(B) importance
(C) purpose
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) futility

Question 6.
After dropping out of the college, the writer spent a ________life.
(A) purposeless
(B) free
(C) miserable
(D) luxurious
Answer:
(C) miserable

Question 7.
Reed college was famous for__________.
(A) Anthropology
(B) Calligraphy
(C) Geography
(D) Demography
Answer:
(B) Calligraphy

Question 8.
The writer made up his mind to read-
(A) Calligraphy
(B) Geography
(C) Anthropology
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(A) Calligraphy

Question 9.
Macintosh computer was remarkable for beautiful-
(A) design
(B) typography
(C) operation
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) typography

Question 10.
The writer firmly believes in-
(A) the doctrine Karma
(B) brotherhood
(C) destiny
(D) all of these
Answer:
(A) the doctrine Karma

Question 11.
The word ‘scary’ means –
(A) wounded
(B) reticent
(C) frightening
(D) scarce
Answer:
(C) frightening

Question 12.
Apple was bom in-
(A) Woz’s house
(B) a big building
(C) the garage of Jobs’ parents
(D) a tiny cottage
Answer:
(C) the garage of Jobs’ parents

Question 13.
Apple had ________ growth.
(A) tardy
(B) phenomenal
(C) sudden
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) phenomenal

Question 14.
Steve Jobs had a ___________exit from his own company.
(A) disgraceful
(B) deliberate
(C) voluntary
(D) all of these
Answer:
(A) disgraceful

Question 15.
The way he was fired from Apple had a _________impact in him.
(A) magical
(B) disappointing
(C) shocking
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) shocking

Question 16.
The phrasal verb ‘running away’ means –
(A) running in fear
(B) criticising
(C) escaping
(D) getting nervous
Answer:
(C) escaping

Question 17.
For Steve Jobs getting fired from Apple was a-
(A) disappointment
(B) blessing in disguise
(C) sort ofrelaxation
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) blessing in disguise

Question 18.
Job’s started his life with a-
(A) failure
(B) bang
(C) ceremony
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) bang

Question 19.
The world’s first animated feature film was-
(A) Pixar
(B) Toy Story
(C) NeXT
(D) Laurene
Answer:
(B) Toy Story

Question 20.
Jobs married life was ________.
(A) sorrowful
(B) normal
(C) spectacular
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) spectacular

Question 21.
He was a die-hard ___________.
(A) sadistic
(B) pessimistic
(C) digmatic
(D) optimist
Answer:
(D) optimist

Question 22.
Reading one quotation was a turning point in his life, when Jobs was-
(A) 33
(B) 17
(C) 27
(D) 40
Answer:
(B) 17

Question 23.
Jobs considered death as a great –
(A) friend
(B) fortune
(C) monster
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) monster

Question 24.
The phrase ‘fall away’ means –
(A) collapse
(B) disappear
(C) sway
(D) break
Answer:
(A) collapse

Question 25.
Jobs suffered from
(A) hypertension
(B) viral fever
(C) pancreatic cancer
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) pancreatic cancer

Question 26.
At first the doctors opined that the disease Jobs suffered from was-
(A) curable
(B) fatal
(C) abnormal
(D) dangerous
Answer:
(B) fatal

Question 27.
The phrasal verb ‘buttoned up’ means-
(A) made a hole
(B) burned
(C) decided
(D) settled
Answer:
(D) settled

Question 28.
With second diagnosis, the doctors said pancreatic cancer was curable, thanks to __________.
(A) proper medicine
(B) surgery
(C) medicine and surgery
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) surgery

Question 29.
Jobs interprets death in a __________manner.
(A) philosophical
(B) sceptical
(C) critical
(D) normal
Answer:
(A) philosophical

Question 30.
Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) One shouldn’t fritter away one time in idle pursuits.
(B) Courage to follow our heart and intuition is essential
(C) One should follow digmatism.
(D) Consideration of others’ opinion.is necessary
Answer:
(B) Courage to follow our heart and intuition is essential

Question 31.
Steve Jobs was highly of The Whole Earth.
(A) critical
(B) appreciative
(C) scornful
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) appreciative

Question 32.
The ending of The Whole Earth was-
(A) boring
(B) amusing
(C) classic
(D) stereotyped
Answer:
(C) classic

Question 33.
The writer’s farewell message at Stanford University was-
(A) Education knows no end.
(B) Work is worship.
(C) Death is the end of life.
(D) Foolishness is meaningless.
Answer:
(A) Education knows no end.

Question 34.
How has Steve Jobs’ commencement speech at the Stanford University been described?
(A) Inspiring and motivational
(B) Life changing and motivating
(C) Life changing and career transforming
(D) Motivating and career changing
Answer:
(A) Inspiring and motivational

Question 35.
What was Jobs’ speech at the Stanford University about?
(A) His graduation
(B) Three stories from his life
(C) Few stories from his life
(D) How to choose a career
Answer:
(B) Three stories from his life

Question 36.
What had Jobs never did?
(A) Graduated from college
(B) Taken up a job
(C) Gone to college
(D) Had formal education
Answer:
(A) Graduated from college

Question 37.
From which college did Jobs drop out?
(A) Stanford
(B) Reed
(C) Manchester
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(B) Reed

Question 38.
For how long did he remain as a drop – in?
(A) Around a year and six months
(B) Around a year
(C) Around fifreen months
(D) Around three months
Answer:
(A) Around a year and six months

Question 39.
What was Jobs’ biological mother?
(A) An unwed teen
(B) An unemployed college graduate
(C) An unwed college graduate student
(D) A lawyer
Answer:
(C) An unwed college graduate student

Question 40.
What did Jobs’ mother decide?
(A) To put him up for adoption
(B) To send him to school
(C) To make him graduate
(D) To keep him
Answer:
(A) To put him up for adoption

Question 41.
When did Jobs’ biological mother decide to put him for adoption?
(A) When he was not yet born
(B) When he was two months old
(C) When he was six months old
(D) When he was in school
Answer:
(A) When he was not yet born

Question 42.
What did Jobs’ mother feel strongly?
(A) Jobs should be adopted by rich parents
(B) Jobs should be adopted by college graduates
(C) Jobs should be adopted by lawyers
(D) Jobs should be sent to school
Answer:
(B) Jobs should be adopted by college graduates

Question 43.
Everything was all set for Jobs to be adopted at birth by ___________.
(A) a college graduate
(B) a lawyer and his wife
(C) a rich couple
(D) a poor family
Answer:
(B) a lawyer and his wife

Question 44.
Why didn’t the lawyer and his wife adopt Jobs?
(A) They wanted a girl
(B) They had their own child
(C) They didn’t like Jobs at birth
(D) They didn’t want to send Jobs to school
Answer:
(A) They wanted a girl

Question 45.
Who got a call in the mid-night asking them whether they will be willing to adopt an unexpected baby boy?
(A) Jobs’ parents
(B) Jobs’ biological father
(C) The lawyer couple
(D) An orphanage
Answer:
(A) Jobs’ parents

Introducing the Author :
Steven Paul “Steve Jobs” (1955-2011), an American businessman, designer and inventor, is the Co-Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc. Indisputably, he is one of the greatest visionaries of our times. Apple has brought Jobs wide recognition as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution.

About the Story :
This article, is Steve Job’s “life-changing” and ‘career-transforming’ speech at Stanford University in 2005. In the course of his speech, he narrates three stories in connection with his life. Each story has its own distinctiveness. The first story deals with Jobs’ birth, upbringing and education, the second his sufferings and recovery, and the third brushing with death. The writer’s farewell message is loud and clear : “Feel hungry to do more; never think that you have learnt all; when you think in this manner, you are still afool.’’ In other words, according to the speaker, learning is a never-ending process. Man’s quest for achieving more should continue till his last breath.

ବିଷୟ ସୂଚନା:
ଏହି ବିଷୟଟି ୨୦୦୫ ମସିହାରେ Stanford Universityରେ Steve Jobs ଦେଇଥ‌ିବା ‘ଜୀବନ -ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ’ ଏବଂ ବୃଷ୍ଟି-ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଏକ ଭାଷଣ । ନିଜ ଜୀବନ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ତିନୋଟି ଗଳ୍ପ ସେ ବକ୍ତୃତା ଦେବା ସମୟରେ କହିଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଗଚ୍ଛର ନିଜସ୍ଵ ସ୍ଵାତନ୍ତ୍ର୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ପ୍ରଥମ ଗଳ୍ପଟି Jobsଙ୍କର ଜନ୍ମ, ଲାଳନପାଳନ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷା, ଦ୍ବିତୀୟଟି ତାଙ୍କର ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଓ ସେଥୁରୁ ମୁକ୍ତି, ତୃତୀୟଟି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଥିଲା । ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ବିଦାୟକାଳୀନ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଥିଲା– ଶିକ୍ଷାର ସମାପ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ଥ‌ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସାଧନ ନିମନ୍ତେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ଅନ୍ଵେଷଣ ଜାରି ରହିବା ଉଚିତ ।

Summary :
The speaker feels himself honoured to be with the degree holders of Stanford University, one of the finest universities in the world. In the first story he narrates about his birth, upbringing and education.The speaker walks down the memory lane. He explains why he left Reed College after the first six months. The episode started before his birth. In this connection he says about his biological mother, who was a young, unmarried college graduate student.

She took a decision to put him for adoption. The lady wanted the adopted parents to be graduates. A lawyer and his wife were ready to adopt him. But after his birth they denied, as they really wanted a girl. So his foster parents who were on a waiting list adopted him. But none of them was a degree holder. Problem set in. After a few months they decided to send the boy to college. Then the lady agreed and signed the legal papers. Thus he was adopted by their foster parents, Clare and Paul Jobs. After a span of 17 years, the speaker joined Reed College which is as expensive as Stanford.

He spent the entire earnings of his working-class parents on paying his college fees. After studying six months, he found that it was of no use to continue. He was clueless about his future ambition. Besides, he was not aware of the role of the institution helping him in this respect. Therefore he dropped out of the college. Many difficulties were in store for him after he dropped out. He did not get a room. Therefore, he slept on the floor in his friends’ rooms. He returned coke bottles in exchange for the 5 shilling deposits with which he bought food. He had to walk seven miles every Sunday night to enjoy one fine meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. The speaker suffered, but his curiosity had never abated.

Now he found himself in Reed College to read calligraphy because it was the best in imparting this course. His dropping out and unwillingness to study the normal course made Jobs learn calligraphy. He was interested to learn the technique of producing beautiful handwriting. And he succeeded in calligraphy. He learnt about different visual representations of a set of characters in typography. He knew the art of designing how text will appear when it is printed. To him, it was quite charming. The speaker’s knowledge of calligraphy helped him design the first Macintosh computer. He designed all into the Macintosh that became the first one that had a touch of beautiful typography.

Then Windows came into existence after just copying the Mac. The speaker feels his drop-out from the college was a blessing in disguise. Then the speaker throws light on the concept of connecting the ‘dots’. It means connecting the events looking backwards, instead of looking forwards. In other words, past experiences can help one look forwards to one’s future. Jobs’ study of typography in Reed College and designing the first computer Mac is a case in point. The speaker narrates his second story that deals with love and loss. It was fortunate of him to do something dear to his heart early in life. At the age of twenty Jobs and his school mate Woz started Apple in his father’s garage. Their 10-year toil witnessed an astonishing $ 2 billion company with over 4,000 employees at its disposal. At the age of thirty, his finest creation, the Macintosh came to light.

Misfortune frowned upon him. Apple Inc. grew phenomenally and it demanded the inclusion of another hired talented person with him. First year was quite fine. After that their visions of the future began to differ. At last their friendship came to an end. At that moment the Board of Directors lent support to the hired employee, but not to the Co-Founder of the company. The inevitable happened. Jobs lost his position in the Apple Inc, when he was 30. The dedication of his entire youthful life was torn apart. Dismissal from the Apple Inc. had a terribly shocking effect on Jobs. He felt utterly confused. He was seized with a feeling for he had disappointed the previous generations of entrepreneurs. He went to the extent of apologizing David Packard and Bob Noyce for spoiling something badly, but in vain. He felt himself to be a collossal failure and even thought of escaping the place.

Every cloud has a silver lining. Something new slowly soared. The despair he had experienced became a thing of the past. Jobs made up his mind to start his life afresh. He now entered ‘the most creative moments’ of his life. In a span of five years, Jobs set up a company – NeXT, another one named Pixar; the latter became the creator of the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story. At last Apple purchased NeXT. It marked Jobs’s return to Apple Inc. This period also marked his love affair with Laurene and their marriage. The speaker is sure of one thing : His dismissal from Apple was a blessing in disguise. Patience rewarded him. At times fate drives a person to a state of misery.

Sorrows and sufferings are inseparable part of life. Therefore, instead of losing, heart man should develop an unflinching faith in him. Jobs is a classic example. He advises everyone not to be stagnant but to strive for the work which is close to his heart. A
person should enjoy what he does. Jobs narrates his third story that deals with death. At the age of 17, he read a quotation, “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” The quotation on death greatly affected Jobs. In the meantime, thirty-three years have flown by. Ever since, not a day has passed without looking himself in the mirror and asking himself if he would do his work that day, if it was the last day of his survival.

Consciousness of death deeply inspired Jobs. It was instrumental in making important choices in his life, because death leaves “What is truly important” untouched. Death puts paid to all outward expectations, all pride and all fear of vexation or failure. Awareness of death is the best way to come out of our negative mind-set. Jobs suffered from a type of pancreatic cancer. The doctor told him this type of cancer is almost incurable and therefore, he was not expected to live beyond three to six months. The doctor advised him to go home and settle everything for the interest of the family.

Time was too short for him. He was advised to share his future plans with his wife and children. He should be sure of sorting out everything so that his family might accpet his preparation for death with as little pain as possible. Jobs’ diagnosis continued. He underwent a biopsy. An endoscopic test revealed the existence of few cells in the tumour. The sight of these cells under a microscope moved the doctors to tears, because it was a rare form of pancreatic cancer that surgery could cure. As a result of surgery, he was cured. He is hale and hearty now. He faced death at its closest.

An optimist as he is, Jobs views death as a helpful but completely intellectual concept. No one wants death. And yet death in unavoidable. No one has ever got rid of its inevitability. Death is an agent of life’s change. It replaces new for the old. Man becomes gradually old and dies eventually. Jobs appeals to the gathering not to fritter away their time in doing what others say, because life is too short. Death comes to all. Instead of being dogmatic, they should act in response to their inner voice. In a deceptive world like this, they must follow their heart and intuition with great courage. This is most important in the face of death.

Jobs throws light on Stewart Brand’s “The Whole Earth Catalog”, a wonderful publication, one of the bibles of his generation. In his view, it was idealistic and packed with flawless great ideas. The words, “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”, printed in final issue compelled his attention. Jobs’ farewell message to the students is to feel hungry to do more all the time and desist from thinking that they have learnt all. Such thinking, he says, proves their foolishness.

ସାରାଂଶ :

ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ଅନ୍ୟତମ ଉତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ବିଶ୍ଵବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ Stanfordର ଡିଗ୍ରୀଧାରୀଙ୍କ ଗହଣରେ ଥ‌ିବାରୁ ବକ୍ତା Jobs ନିଜକୁ ଧନ୍ୟ ମନେ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ପ୍ରଥମ ଗଳ୍ପରେ ସେ ନିଜର ଜନ୍ମ, ଲାଳନପାଳନ ଓ ଶିକ୍ଷା ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ବକ୍ତା ନିଜର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଛଅ ମାସ ପରେ ସେ କାହିଁକି Reed College ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ ତା’ର କାରଣ କହିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଏ ବୃତ୍ତାନ୍ତ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଏହି ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମଦାତ୍ରୀ ମା’ଙ୍କ କଥା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯିଏକି ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ଯୁବା, ଅବିବାହିତା ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନରତା ସ୍ନାତକ ଛାତ୍ରୀ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ଭାବେ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିବାକୁ ନିଷ୍ପତି ନେଇଥିଲେ । ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ଡିଗ୍ରୀଧାରୀମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତୁ ବୋଲି ମହିଳାଜଣକ ଚାହିଁଥିଲେ । ଏକ ଓକିଲ ଦମ୍ପତି ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ରଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବାକୁ ରାଜି ହୋଇଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମ ପରେ ସେମାନେ ଝିଅଟି ଦରକାର ଥିଲା ବୋଲି କହି ମନା କରିଦେଲେ । ତେଣୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ତାଲିକାରେ ଥ‌ିବା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଳକ ପିତାମାତା ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ରଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ । ମାତ୍ର ପରେ ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଲା ଯେ ପାଳକ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେହି ଡିଗ୍ରୀଧାରୀ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସମସ୍ୟାର ସମାଧାନ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଅଳ୍ପ କେଲ ମାସ୍ ପରେ ସେମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟକୁ ପଠାଇବେ ବୋଲି ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କରିବାରୁ ମହିଳା ଜଣକ ରାଜି ହୋଇଗଲେ ଓ ଆଇନଗତ କାଗଜପତ୍ରରେ ଦସ୍ତଖତ କଲେ । ଏହିପରି ଭାବେ ସେ ପାଳକ ପିତାମାତା Clare ଏବଂ Paul Jobsଦ୍ଵାରା ପୋଷ୍ୟପୁତ୍ର ଭାବେ ଗୃହୀତ ହେଲେ ।

ସତର ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ବକ୍ତା Stanford ପରି ବ୍ୟୟବହୁଳ Reed ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟକୁ ପଢ଼ିବାକୁ ଗଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର କର୍ମଜୀବୀ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ତ ରୋଜଗାର ତାଙ୍କର କଲେଜ ଦରମା ବାବଦରେ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଛଅ ମାସ ପରେ ସେଠାରେ ପଢ଼ିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ସେ ଜାଣିପାରିଲେ । ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ସେ ସନ୍ଦିହାନ ଥିଲେ । ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନଟି ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏ ବାବଦରେ କିଛି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରିବ ବୋଲି ସେ ଭାବି ପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ସେ କଲେଜ ପଢ଼ା ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ । ଏହାପରେ ସେ ଅନେକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେଲେ । ସେ କୋଠରିଟିଏ ପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଫଳରେ ସେ ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କ କୋଠରିର ଚଟାଣ ଉପରେ ଶୋଇଲେ । ସେ coke ବୋତଲ ପ୍ରତିବଦଳରେ ଯେଉଁ ପାଞ୍ଚ ସିଲିଙ୍ଗ୍ ପାଉଥିଲେ ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟ କିଣୁଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ରବିବାର ରାତିରେ ଥରେ ଭଲ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଖାଇବାପାଇଁ ସେ ସାତ ମାଇଲ୍ ଦୂରରେ ଥ‌ିବା ହରେକୃଷ୍ଣ ମନ୍ଦିରକୁ ଚାଲିଚାଲି ଯାଉଥିଲେ ।

Jobs ବହୁତ କଷ୍ଟ ଭୋଗିଛନ୍ତି, କିନ୍ତୁ ତାଙ୍କର କୌତୂହଳ କେବେ ଲୋପ ପାଇଯାଇ ନାହିଁ । ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ସେ ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନକଳା ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ନିମନ୍ତେ Reed ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟକୁ ଗଲେ । ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନକଳା ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦେବାରେ Reed ଥିଲା ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ । ସାଧାରଣ ପାଠପଢ଼ା ପ୍ରତି ଅନିଚ୍ଛା ତାଙ୍କୁ ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନକଳା ଶିକ୍ଷା କରିବାରେ ସହାୟକ ହେଲା। ସୁନ୍ଦର ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନ କୌଶଳ ଶିକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ସେ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଏଥ‌ିରେ ସଫଳତା ପାଇଲେ । ମୁଦ୍ରଣ ପରେ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟ କିପରି ଦେଖାଯିବ ତାହାର ନକ୍‌ସାଙ୍କନ କଳା ସେ ଜାଣିଥିଲେ । ଏହା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଉପଭୋଗ୍ୟ ମୁଦ୍ରଣ ପରେ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟ କିପରି ଦେଖାଯିବ ତାହାର ନକ୍‌ସାଙ୍କନ କଳା ସେ ଜାଣିଥିଲେ । ଏହା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଉପଭୋଗ୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ବକ୍ତାଙ୍କର ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଲିଖନକଳାରେ ଜ୍ଞାନ ପ୍ରଥମ Macintosh କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ନକ୍‌ସାଙ୍କନରେ ସହାୟକ ହୋଇଥିଲା ! ସୁନ୍ଦରଭାବେ ମୁଦ୍ରଣ କରିବାରେ Macintosh ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ପ୍ରଥମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଥିଲା । ତେଣୁ କଲେଜ ଛାଡ଼ିବା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପରୋକ୍ଷରେ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ଥିଲା ବୋଲି ବକ୍ତା କହିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହାପରେ Jobs ଘଟଣାସମୂହର ସଂଯୋଗ ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମତପୋଷଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ନ ଚାହିଁ ଅତୀତର ଘଟଣାବଳୀ ସହ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକୁ ସଂଯୋଗ କରିବା । ଅନ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥରେ Jobsଙ୍କର ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତା ଜଣକୁ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଆଗକୁ ବଢ଼ିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ । Reed କଲେଜରେ Jobsଙ୍କର ଅତୀତର ମୁଦ୍ରଣବିଦ୍ୟା ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ଓ ପ୍ରଥମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର Macର ନକ୍‌ସାଙ୍କନ ଏହାର ଜ୍ଵଳନ୍ତ ଉଦାହରଣ ।

ବକ୍ତା ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନର ଦ୍ବିତୀୟ କାହାଣୀକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯାହାକି ଭଲ ପାଇବା ଓ ହରାଇବା ସହ ଜଡ଼ିତ । ଜୀବନର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ହୃଦୟ ଚାହୁଁଥ‌ିବା କିଛି ଜିନିଷ କରିବା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟକର ଥିଲା । ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ Jobs ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ସାଥୀ Woz ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ଗ୍ୟାରେଜରେ Apple କମ୍ପାନୀ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଥିଲେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଦଶବର୍ଷର କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ ଫଳରେ ଏହା ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକଭାବେ ୪୦୦୦ କର୍ମଚାରୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରତ ୨୦୦ ନିୟୁତ ଡଲାରର କମ୍ପାନୀରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ହେଲା । ତାଙ୍କୁ ୩୦ ବର୍ଷ ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟ Macintosh କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ବଜାରକୁ ଆସିଲା । ତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଦାଉ ସାଧୁ । Apple କମ୍ପାନୀ ଅବିଶ୍ଵସନୀୟ ଭାବରେ ବଢ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ଏହାର ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଦାଉ ସାଧୁ । Apple କମ୍ପାନୀ ଅବିଶ୍ଵସନୀୟ ଭାବରେ ବଢ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ଏହାର ପରିଚାଳନା ପାଇଁ ଆଉ ଜଣେ ପ୍ରତିଭାସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଅଣାଗଲା । ପ୍ରଥମ ବର୍ଷ ଭଲରେ କଟିଲା । ପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପକ୍ଷ ନେବା ବଦଳରେ ପରିଚାଳନାମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ନିଯୁକ୍ତିପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କର୍ମଚାରୀଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷ ନେଲେ । ଫଳରେ ଅଘଟଣ ଘଟିଲା । Jobs Apple କମ୍ପାନୀରୁ ବିତାଡ଼ିତ ହେଲେ । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ମାତ୍ର ୩୦ ବର୍ଷ । ସମଗ୍ର ଯୌବନର ପ୍ରଚେଷ୍ଟା ଧୂଳିସାତ୍ ହୋଇଗଲା ।

Apple କମ୍ପାନୀରୁ ବହିଷ୍କୃତ ହେବା Jobsଙ୍କୁ ଗଭୀର ଭାବରେ ମର୍ମାହତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେ କିଂକର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟବିମୂଢ଼ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ସେ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଯୁବ ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗୀ ପିଢ଼ିକୁ ନିରାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି ବୋଲି ଭାବି ହତାଶ ହେଲେ । ଏପରିକି David Packard ଓ Bob Noyceଙ୍କୁ ଏହାର ସମାଧାନ ପାଇଁ କ୍ଷମା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଥିଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନେ କିଛି ଶୁଣି ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ନିଜକୁ ଅସଫଳ ମନେ କରିଥିଲେ । ଏପରିକି ସେ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ପଳାୟନ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କରିଥିଲେ । ମାତ୍ର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟ ପଶ୍ଚାତ୍‌ରେ ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟ ଲୁଚି ରହିଥାଏ । ତାଙ୍କର ଅସଫଳତା ତାଙ୍କପାଇଁ ଅତୀତ ଥିଲା । ଜୀବନକୁ ଆଉଥରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବାକୁ Jobs ମନୋନିବେଶ କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନର ସବୁଠାରୁ ସୃଜନଶୀଳ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ସେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କଲେ । ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷର ଅବଧୂ ମଧ୍ଯରେ Jobs ଏକ ନୂଆ କମ୍ପାନୀ NeXT ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ Pixar ସ୍ଥାପନ କଲେ । ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ପ୍ରଥମ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ତିଆରି ଚଳନ୍ତି ଚଳଚ୍ଚିତ୍ର Toy Storyର ସୃଷ୍ଟିକର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଲା Pixar ସର୍ବଶେଷରେ Apple NeXT କମ୍ପାନୀକୁ କିଣିନେଲା । ଏହା ଫଳରେ Jobs ପୁନଶ୍ଚ Apple କମ୍ପାନୀକୁ ଫେରିଗଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟ Laureneଙ୍କ ସହିତ ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରେମ ଓ ବିବାହର ସ୍ବାକ୍ଷର ବହନ କରିଥିଲା ।

Jobsଙ୍କର ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ Apple କମ୍ପାନୀରୁ ବିତାଡ଼ିତ ହେବା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପରୋକ୍ଷରେ ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ଥିଲା । ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପୁରସ୍କୃତ କରିଥିଲା। ସମୟ ସମୟରେ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ମଣିଷକୁ ଦୁଃଖାବସ୍ଥା ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଟାଣିନିଏ । ଦୁଃଖ ଏବଂ ସୁଖ ଜୀବନର ଅବିଚ୍ଛେଦ୍ୟ ଅଙ୍ଗ । ତେଣୁ ନିରୁତ୍ସାହିତ ନ ହୋଇ ମଣିଷ ନିଜ ଉପରେ ଦୃଢ଼ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ରଖୁ ଉଚିତ । Jobs ଏହାର ଏକ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଉଦାହରଣ । ସେ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ସ୍ଥାଣୁ ନ ହୋଇ ନିଜେ ଭଲ ପାଉଥ‌ିବା କାମ କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରୟାସ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ନିଜର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ।

Jobs ତାଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ତୃତୀୟ ଗଳ୍ପଟି ବଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସତର ବର୍ଷ ହୋଇଥିଲା, ସେ ଏକ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତାଂଶ ପଢ଼ିଥିଲେ, : ‘ତୁମେ ଯଦି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଦିନକୁ ଜୀବନର ଶେଷ ଦିନ ମନେକରି ବଞ୍ଚ, ତେବେ ଦିନ ଆସିବ ତୁମେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ଠିକ୍ ବୋଲି ପ୍ରମାଣିତ ହେବ ।’’ଏହା Jobsଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥିଲା । ଇତ୍ୟବସରରେ ତେତିଶ ବର୍ଷ ବିତିଗଲାଣି । ଏପରି କୌଣସି ଦିନ ଯାଇନାହିଁ ଯେଉଁଦିନ ଦର୍ପଣକୁ ଅନାଇ ସେ ନିଜକୁ ପଚାରିନାହାନ୍ତି ଯେ ଯଦି ଏହା ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନର ଶେଷଦିନ ତେବେ ସେ କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କର ସେଦିନର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିପାରିଛନ୍ତି । ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ଚେତନା Jobsଙ୍କୁ ଗଭୀରଭାବେ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଥିଲା । ଏଥୋଗୁଁ ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନରେ ସେ ବହୁତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେଇ ପାରିଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରକୃତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଜିନିଷକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସ୍ପର୍ଶ କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମସ୍ତ ବାହ୍ୟ ଆଶା, ସବୁ ଗର୍ବ ଏବଂ ପରାଜୟର ଅନୁଶୋଚନାକୁ ନିଶ୍ଚିହ୍ନ କରିଦିଏ । ଆମମାନଙ୍କୁ ନକାରାତ୍ମକ ମାନସିକତାରୁ ମୁକୁଳିବାର ସର୍ବଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ମାର୍ଗ ହେଉଛି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସଚେତନତା ।

Jobs ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟଜନିତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ଶିକାର ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ଚିକିତ୍ସକଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଏହି ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟଜନିତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗର ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷେ ୩ ରୁ ୬ ମାସ ପରେ ବଞ୍ଚିବାର ଆଶା କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ । ଚିକିତ୍ସକ ଘରକୁ ଫେରି ପରିବାରର ସମସ୍ତ ବିଷୟ ସମାଧାନ କରିବାକୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ସମୟ ଖୁବ୍ ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ । ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଏବଂ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ସହ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଯୋଜନାସବୁ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା । ସବୁ କଥା ସମାଧାନ କରିବାକୁ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ହେବା ଉଚିତ ଯାହାଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାର ତାଙ୍କର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିକୁ ସହଜରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିପାରିବେ । Jobsଙ୍କର ରୋଗର ପରୀକ୍ଷାନିରୀକ୍ଷା ଚାଲିଲା । ତାଙ୍କର କୋଷକୁ ନେଇ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ କରାଗଲା । ତାଙ୍କ Tumorରେ ଥ‌ିବା କିଛି ଜୀବକୋଷକୁ ଦେଖ୍ ଚିକିତ୍ସକମାନେ କାନ୍ଦି ପକାଇଥିଲେ । ଏହା ଥିଲା ଏକପ୍ରକାର ଅଗ୍ନାଶୟଜନିତ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ଯାହାକୁ ଶଲ୍ୟ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ହିଁ ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ କରିପାରିବ । ଶଲ୍ୟଚିକିତ୍ସା ଫଳରେ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ କବଳରୁ Jobs ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇଗଲେ । ସେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଓ ସବଳ । ସେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ଅତି ପାଖରୁ ଦେଖିପାରିଥିଲେ ।

ଜଣେ ଆଶାବାଦୀ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ସେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁକୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟକାରୀ, ମାତ୍ର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ ଜ୍ଞାନାତ୍ମକ ବିଷୟଭାବେ ବିବେଚନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । କେହି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଚାହାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ତଥାପି ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଅବଶ୍ୟମ୍ଭାବୀ । ଏଥୁଁ କେହି ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇ ପାରିନାହାନ୍ତି । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନର ପ୍ରତିନିଧ‌ି । ଏହା ପୁରାତନ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ନୂତନକୁ ସ୍ଥାନ ଦିଏ । କ୍ରମଶଃ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଶେଷରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରେ । ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ କଥାକୁ ପାଳନ କରି ସମୟ ନ ବିତାଇବାକୁ Jobs ସମାବେଶକୁ ନିବେଦନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । କାରଣ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ଜୀବନରେ ଅବଶ୍ୟମ୍ଭାବୀ । ତଥାକଥିତ ଧାରଣାକୁ ତ୍ୟାଗକରି ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ୱରକୁ ଶୁଣିବା ଉଚିତ । ଏହି ପ୍ରବଞ୍ଚନାମୂଳକ ଦୁନିଆରେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମନ ହୃଦୟ ଓ ଅନ୍ତଃପ୍ରେରଣାକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ଏହାହିଁ ସର୍ବାଦୌ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।
Jobs Stewartଙ୍କ ରଚିତ ‘The Whole Earth Catalog’ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଏକ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକ ସଂସ୍କରଣ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ପିଢ଼ିର ଅନ୍ୟତମ ‘bible’ ଥିଲା । ତାଙ୍କ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଏଥରେ ଆଦର୍ଶ, ତ୍ରୁଟିହୀନ ବିଚାରସବୁ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୋଇ ରହିଥିଲା । ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କର ବିଦାୟକାଳୀନ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଲା – ସବୁବେଳେ ଆହୁରି ଅଧ୍ଵକ କରିବାର କ୍ଷୁଧା ରଖିବା ଉଚିତ ଏବଂ ସବୁ ଜାଣିଥୁବା ଭାବନାରୁ ସେମାନେ ନିବୃତ୍ତ ରହିବା । ଏଭଳି ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ନିର୍ବୋଧତାକୁ ପ୍ରମାଣିତ କରିବ ।

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 10 Saturday Morning Violence Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Saturday Morning Violence Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-8
Text Organisation
Answer the following questions briefly:

Question (a)
The writer, after establishing the context, states his thesis ( main point) in the introduction what is their thesis?
Answer:
As even a cursory glance at Saturday morning, cartoon show reveals children are being exposed to a steady diet of violence and that of the prime-time shows their parents so eagerly watch.

Question (b)
In the body of his essay Provisor presents the examples that support his thesis. In what respect do the examples in the third paragraph differ from the examples presented in the second paragraph? And what different points are made by the writer in these two paragraphs?
Answer:
Children’s cartoons have traditionally contained much violence and this situation is considered normal. The coyote follows the road runner and after a1 little bit of time, he plunges to the ground. Elmer Fudd puts his shotgun into a tree where Bug Bunny is hiding. Bug bonds the barrel so that when Elmer pulls the trigger, the gun discharged into his face.

A dog runs after a wood pecker and unable to control it, it ships into the running saw and cut off into two halves (Paragraph-2). Provision presents these examples to solidify his stand. The examples in the second paragraph are glaringly different from the third paragraph. The traditional cartoons describes violence as an isolated happening but the newer men portray it as a normal condition of life.

Question (c)
What is the purpose of exemplification in the fourth paragraph?
Answer:
The purpose of exemplification in the fourth paragraph is that only/by violent action can the problems of the world be solved.

Question (d)
What does the Writer do in the concluding paragraph? Does he sum Up the points he has already made in the body of the essay (Paragraphs 2,3 and 4), or does he develop a new aspect of violence on TV?
Answer:
The writer, in the concluding paragraph, considers that the cartoon shows for children on Saturday morning provided that violence is superior to reason and that conflict and threats of violent death are acceptable norms of existence. This indicates that the writer simply sums up the points he has made in the body of the essay. (Paragraphs 2,3 and 4)

Activity-9
Understanding Patterns Of Exemplification

Exemplification is a writer’s device that is used to support his or her general assertions with specific examples. Examples serve to explain and clarify general statements, add interest, and convince the reader that what dies, writer, is saying is reasonable or valid. Now, study Text-B to the following question, all of them related to the use of examples.

Question (a)
How many examples does Provisor offer? What are they?
Ans.
Provisor offers five examples to solidify his stand. They
1. The Coyote chasing the road runner.
2. Elmor Feud puts his shotgun into a tree where Bug Bonny hides.
3. “The Godzilla Super-Ninety show.”
4. A dog chasing a woody woodpecker into a sawmill.
5. ‘‘Challenge of the super friends”.

Question (b)
Why does he use several examples, not a single example?
Answer:
The writer Norman Provisor makes use of several examples instead of a single one.. He uses this technique so as to emphasize his stand with varied violence in different areas.

Question (c)
Do the examples illustrate the full range of subjects?
Answer:
The examples illustrate the full range of the writer’s subject. He covers examples from various loses and the examples and also varied and appropriate.

Question (d)
While developing the examples, Provisor never loses sight of his main idea. Can you explain how this ‘has been done in Text-B?
Answer:
Provisor cites, examples in order to solidify his stand that children are provided an insight into violence through the Saturday morning cartoon shows. While doing this he does not lose sight of his main idea. He hints at the main idea everywhere and he sums up the examples- in the light of the main idea.

Activity- 10
Cohesive Devices

In Activity-6 (in Text-A) in this unit, you looked at some reference words such as of those referred to in the text. Here, again you are invited to look at the italicized words below and to say what they refer to in Text-B

a) ____________ of violence that rivals that of the prime-time shows (Paragraph-1)
b) for a fraction of a second he looks pathetically ____________ (Para-2)
c) ____________ never cartoons portray it as a normal condition of life (para-3)
d) ____________ or to find a rational explanation for what is happening to them, (para 4)
e) ____________ a ray that can bore to the center of the earth and release its molten iron ore (para-5)
f) ____________ but the precious isn’t shown (para-6)
g) ____________ but until it does we parents will have to shudder every time (para-7)
Answer:
(a) violence.
(b) Coyote
(c) Violence
(d) human character
(e) pig iron
(f) Show
(g) Government commission

Activity-11
Notice this sentence beginning at the paragraph in Text-B (For) it is only when Godzilla bums, tear, crushes, drowns, or stamps his adversaries to death that the status quo can be re-established. You can easily see that in this sentence it does not carry of usual pronoun meaning (that is, it is an example of expletive it which carries ho lexical meaning and that the purpose of this ‘it,., that … “construction is to emphasize the part that comes between it and that. Such constructions are known as “Pseudo-Cleft” constructions. Now rewrite the following sentences as indicated.

Question (i)
I like to see only this kind of art movie.
Answer:
It is only this kind of art movie that Hike.

Question (ii)
The visitor wanted to listen to Indian classical music.
Answer:
It was only classical music that the visitor wanted to listen to.

Question (iii)
They will come onto the stage only when their names are announced.
Answer:
It is only when their names are announced that they will come onto the stage.

Question (iv)
The mountaineers reached their peak after crossing many hurdles.
Answer:
It was after crossing many hurdles that the mountaineers reached their peak.

Question (v)
She does not mind being generous with other people’s money.
Answer:
It is with other people’s motley she doesn’t mind being generous.

Extra Activtty- 11(A)
Do As Directed

I. Complete the sentences using as…..as

1. I’m quite tall, but you are taller. I’m not ____________
2. My salary is high but yours is higher. My salary isn’t ____________
3. You know a bit about cañ but I know more. You don’t  ____________
4. It’s still cold. but it was càIdei: yesterday. It isn’t ______
5. I still feel a bit tired I felt à lot more tired yesterday. I don’t ____________
6. They’ve lived here for quite a long time, but we’ve lived there longer. I wasn’t ____________
7. 1 was a bit nervous before the interview, but usually I’m not more nervous. I wasn’t _______________
Answer:
1. I am not as tall as you.
2. My salary is not as high as yours.
3. You don’t know as much as I know about cars.
4. It is not as cold as yesterday.
5. I don’t feel as tired as I did yesterday.
6. I wasn’t as shorter in, stay as they were.
7. l wasn’t as nervous as I was before.

II. Rewrite these sentences so that
they have the same meaning.
1. Jack is younger than he looks. Jack isn’t ____________
2. I didn’t spend much as nani as you. You ____________
3. The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn’t ____________
4. The meal didn’t cost as much as I expected. The meal ____________
5. J go out less than I used to. I don’t ____________
6. Her hair isn’t as long as it used to be. She used to ____________
7. I know them better than you do. You don’t ____________
8. There were fewer people at this meeting than at the last one. These weren’t ____________
Answer:
1. Jack isn’t as old as he looks.
2. You spend more money.
3. The station was not nearer.
4. The meal cost more.
5. I don’t go out more frequently.
6. She used to have long hair.
7. You don’t know them Ss’ much I do.
8. There were not as many people as in the last one.

III. Complete the sentences using as ……….. as choose one of the following:
bad, comfortable, fast, long, often, quietly, soon, well, well-qualified.
1. I’m sorry. I’m a bit late. I get here ___________ I could.
2. It was a difficult question..’ I answered it ___________ I could.
3. “How big can J stay with you” “You can stay ___________ you live ?“
4. I need the information quickly. So please let me know ___________ possible.
5. I like to keep fit so I go swimming ___________ I can.
6. I didn’t want. to wake anybody, so I came in ___________ I could.
Answer:
1. I’m sorry. I’m a bit late. I get here as fast as I could.
2. It was a difficult question.-1 answered it as well as I could.
3. “How long can 1 stay with you ?” You can stay as long as you live.
4. I need the informatibn quickly. So please let me know as soon as possible.
5. I like to keep fit so I go swimming. As often as 1 can.
6. I didn’t want to wake anybody, so I came in As quietly as I could.

IV. Write sentences using the same..as
1. Aju and Viju are both 22 years old. Aju ___________
2. You and F both have dúk brown hair. Your hair ___________
3. I arrived at 10.25 and so did you. I ___________
4. My birthday is 5th April too. My ___________
Answer:
1. Aju is as the same age as Viju.
2. Your hair is the same color as mine.
3. I arrived as the same time as you.
4. My birthday is the same as yours.

V. Complete the sentences with than…. or as’……………
1. I can’treach as high as you. You are taller ___________
2. He does not know much. I know more ___________
3. 1 Don’t work particularly hard. Most people work as hard ___________
4. We are very surprised. Nobody was more surprised ____________
5. She’s not a very good player. I’m better ___________
6. They have been very lucky. I wish we were as lucky ___________
Answer:
1. You are taller than I am.
2. I know more than he does.
3. Most people work as hard as 1 does.
4. We are very surprised. Nobody was more surprised than 1.
5. I’m a better player than she.
6. They have been very lucky. 1 wish we were as lucky as you.

Saturday Morning Violence Summary in English

Section-B
Pre-Reading Activity

In this section, you will read an essay written by an American college student named Norman Provisor. The essay has the title “Saturday Morning Violence1′. Do you think, should be done to check it?
Now read Provisor’s essay and find answers to the following questions:
a) What does the essay deal with?
b) Is the writer’s attitude approving or – disapproving or condemning or prejudiced?

Text-B
By Norman Provisor Summary
Psychologists and communications experts have formulated scales to measure the dangers that come into American homes daily. Sociologists have discussed the possible effects of this situation on viewing the public. Children’s television at Saturday Morning cartoon reveals that children are being exposed to a steady and continuous diet of violence. Children’s cartoons have traditionally contained much violence which has been considered normal.

The coyote chases the roadrunner and finds himself standing in the mid-air over a deep chasm. Sometimes, he looks at the audience sadly and then plunges to the ground. Elmer Fuel puts his shotgun into a tree where Bugs Bunny is hiding Bugs bends the barrel so that when Elmer pulls the trigger, the sun discharges into his race. A dog chases a woody woodpecker into a sawmill and unable to stop, slides into the whirling blade of a circular saw.

As the scene ends, the two halves of the dog fell to the ground with a clatter. Godzilla, a prehistoric dinosaur who appears when called by his human companions, battles monsters that seem to appear everywhere. The plot every week, remains the same and-mix the monsters change. This show depicts a lot of violence. Another show “challenge of the super friends” is a weekly battle between the super friends which is the forces of God and the Hall of Doom which is the forces of evil.

Violence and evil are present everywhere in ‘this series. The Hall of Doom each week destroys cities and changes the conditions of our world. The superheroes, of course, set everything right, but the precarious child viewers of the show must know, even though it isn’t shown that many people are killed when the building fall and the tidal wave hits. The children learn that violence is superior to reason and that conflict and threats of violent death are acceptable conditions for existence.

Analytical outlines of the Text

• For the past five years, Television networks have attacked violent programs tremendously.
• Psychologists and communication experts have formulated scales to measure it.
• They have to measure the dangers of American homes every day.
• They focused their attention on children’s television.
• They observed children’s television at Saturday Morning cartoon.
• They observed that children are being exposed to a continuous diet Of violence.
• Actually, children’s cartoons have traditionally contained much violence.
• Their situation is Sddepted as’ normal.
• The coyote chases the road runner.
• He finds himself standing in midair over a deep chasm for a short time.
• He looks pathetically at the audience.
• Then he plunges to the grounds.
• Elmar Feud puts his shotgun into a tree.
• Bug Bunny was hiding there.
• The bug bends the barrel.
• So that Ether pulls the trigger.
• Hence, the gun discharged into, his face.
• A dog chases a woody woodpecker into a sawmill.
• It slides into the whirling blade of a circular saw.
• As the scene ends, the two halves of the dog rail to the ground with a clatter.
• The “Godzilla super-Ninety Show” is a good example of this.
• Every Saturday morning, Godzilla, a prehistoric dinosaur appears called by his human companions.
• This battle monsters seem to appear everywhere:
• The plot remains the same every week.
• Every week, the monsters only change.
• Another show is about the “Challenge of the Super Friends”.
• It is a Weekly battle between the super friends and the Hall of Doom.
• The super friends refer to the forces of God.
• And the Hall of Doom refers to the forces of evil.
• Every week it destroys cities.
• It thus changes the condition of our world.
• The superheroes, actually, set everything right.
• The children learn that violence is superior to reason.
• Therefore, the conflict and threats of violent death are acceptable conditions for existence!

Meaning of difficult words:
carriage – the killing and wounding of a lot of people.
a cursory glance – hurried, quick, done without attention to detail.
reveal – show, depict, express, and bring to the limelight.
expose – show, reveal, view, uncover, disclose, display.
steady – continuous, uninterrupted flow.
coyote – a small wild dog of North West America.
chases – pursue, follow, go after, run after.
mid-air – in the middle of the air.
chasm – an opening, fissure, schism, / a wide gap.
fraction – fragment, apart of a bigger whole of something.
plunge – to sink, to dive, to enter into.
road runner – a small bird that funs very fast.
adversaries – enemies, foes, antagonists, people opposing.
clatter – a rattling noise, noisy talk, a loud unpleasant noise.
molten – melted metal, melted liquid.
arch enemy – the worst enemy, chief enemy.
penetrate – to thrust, to pervade, go deep into.
extravaganza – a fantastic composition, a very large and expensive entertainment.
precocious – forward, ripe beforehand. those who say or do things as if. they were very simple.
shudder – shiver, quiver, tremble with fear and disgust.

Read More:

• Text A: The Telephone Question Answer
• Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Question Answer
• Text C: New Superstitions for Old Question Answer
• Text D: Burnout Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 3 A Psalm of Life Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Invitation English Poem Chapter 3 A Psalm of Life Question Answers CHSE Odisha

A Psalm of Life Class 12 Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Does the title suggest what the poem is about?
Answer:
Yes, the title suggests what the poem is about. This poem is called ‘psalm’ because it lays stress on certain basic values of life.

Question 2.
What does the poet say about ‘life’ in the first stanza?
Answer:
In the first stanza, the poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 3.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real !’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 4.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on the ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 5.
Quote the line which means – ‘death is not the goal of life’.
Answer:
The line ‘And the grave is not its goal’ means – ‘death is not the goal of life.’

Question 6.
What attitude does the poet challenge in the first two stanzas? Is the attitude of the poet positive or negative?
Answer:
The poet challenges the negative attitude in the first two stanzas. The poet’s attitude is positive out and out.

Question 7.
‘Dust thou art, to dust thou returnest’ – This expression alludes to the Bible. What are the other lines in the poem that make an allusion to the Bible?
Answer:
The lines, Life is real! Life is earnest! Be not like dumb, driven cattle! make an allusion to the Bible.

Question 8.
What does the poet say about the goal of life in Stanza 3?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 9.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beautiful is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 10.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 11.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 12.
What do the lives of great men remind us of?
Answer:
The lives of great men remind us to make our life noble.

Question 13.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 14.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 15.
Do you find each stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each .stanza has a recurrent rhythm pattern : 8 syllables, 7 syllables, 8 syllables, 7 syllables? What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
Answer:
Yes, every stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each stanza has a recurrent rhyme pattern. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab.

Question 16.
The poet uses some depressing words as ‘mournful’, ‘empty’, ‘dead’, ‘grave’. What other such words does he use in the poem?
Answer:
The poet uses other depressing words such as ‘muffled drums’, ‘funeral’, ‘bury’, ‘departing’, and ‘forlorn’.

Question 17.
What is the tone of the poem – inspring or despairing?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is inspiring.

Question 18.
‘Simile’ is a figure of speech making comparison between two unlike things based on a similarity in one aspect. Ex: ‘Still, like muffled drums…’ (Stanza 4, line 3). What other similes do you find in the poem?
Answer:
The other similes we find in the poem are ‘be not like dumb, driven cattle ’ (stanza 5, line 3), ‘Be a hero in the strife.’ (Stanza 5, line 4).

Question 19.
“Life is but an empty dream !” – what figure of speech is used here? Quote another line of the same stanza in which this figure of speech is used.
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is a ‘metaphor’. Another line of the same stanza

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English A Psalm of Life Important Questions and Answers

l. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The first stanza here indicates the poet’s -?
(A) calm acceptance of fife
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life.
(C) dream of life
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life .

Question 2.
The line ‘For the soul is dead that slumbers’ has a reference to the -?
(A) Bible
(B) philosophy of life
(C) the poet’s spiritualism
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) Bible

Question 3.
The word ‘grave’ means -?
(A) serious
(B) arrogant
(C) death
(D) disease
Answer:
(C) death

Question 4.
Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The essence of life is action.
(B) Life lies in meditation.
(C) There is no room for enjoyment in life.
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) Life lies in meditation.

Question 5.
Time ______________?
(A) moves slowly
(B) temporal
(C) flees fast
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) flees fast

Question 6.
The expression ‘like muffled drums’ signifies a tone of -?
(A) disbelief
(B) seriousness
(C) music
(D) exuberance
Answer:
(B) seriousness

Question 7.
The word‘strife’means -?
(A) the rough and tumble of life
(B) challenge
(C) wrangle
(D) noise
Answer:
(A) the rough and tumble of life

Question 8.
The line ‘Heart within, and God o’erhead’ bears the stamp of the poet’s?
(A) unflinching sincerity
(B) infinite patience
(C) belief in God
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)

Question 9.
The word ‘foot-prints’ means?
(A) signs of foot
(B) glorious deeds
(C) symbols
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) glorious deeds

Question 10.
Let us then be up and doing. Does this mean?
(A) elevated
(B) exalted
(C) active
(D) accelerate
Answer:
(C) active

Question 11.
What year the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’ was written?
(A) 1810
(B) 1870
(C) 1880
(D) 1838
Answer:
(D) 1838

Question 12.
What is a‘Psalm’?
(A) a story
(B) an instruction
(C) a way of life
(D) a hymn
Answer:
(D) a hymn

Question 13.
Who does the poet address in the opening lines of the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’?
(A) the readers
(B) his friends
(C) those who say life is unreal
(D) those who mourn
Answer:
(C) those who say life is unreal

Question 14.
Who say in mournful numbers that life is but an empty dream?
(A) pessimist
(B) poets
(C) churches
(D) some people
Answer:
(A) pessimist

Question 15.
The poem was included in the collection?
(A) Poem on slavery
(B) Voices of the right
(C) The courtship of miles standish
(D) Tales from a wayside inn
Answer:
(B) Voices of the right

Question 16.
Who is the speaker?
(A) a narrator
(B) a psalmist
(C) God
(D) a young man
Answer:
(D) a young man

Question 17.
The main thing the young man advises is to ___________________?
(A) think
(B) act
(C) question
(D) pray
Answer:
(B) act

Question 18.
The young man does not want to hear that life is ___________________?
(A) an empty clream
(B) completed
(C) hard
(D) soft
Answer:
(A) an empty clream

Question 19.
Heartbeats are compared to _____________________?
(A) waves
(B) footsteps
(C) lightning
(D) drums
Answer:
(D) drums

Question 20.
Life is compared to a ________________?
(A) book
(B) garden
(C) battlefield
(D) sky
Answer:
(C) battlefield

Question 21.
What animal does the young man not want?
(A) cattle
(B) donkey
(C) pigs
(D) sheep
Answer:
(A) cattle

Question 22.
Life is also compared to an _________________?
(A) ocean
(B) sky
(C) forest
(D) mountain
Answer:
(A) ocean

Question 23.
We must learn to labour and to _________________?
(A) ask
(B) win
(C) die
(D) wait
Answer:
(D) wait

Question 24.
The tone is _________________________?
(A) angry
(B) optimistic
(C) bleak
(D) confused
Answer:
(B) optimistic

Question 25.
The young man advocated living _______________?
(A) heroically
(B) passively
(C) dominantly
(D) vacantly
Answer:
(A) heroically

Question 26.
How is a soul that is inactive?
(A) sluggish
(B) slow
(C) dead
(D) useless
Answer:
(A) sluggish

Question 27.
According to the poet, things are not ___________________?
(A) what they look
(B) what they seem
(C) how they feel
(D) how they act
Answer:
(B) what they seem

Question 28.
What is not the aim of life?
(A) earning money
(B) living like a dead man
(C) death
(D) working like donkey
Answer:
(C) death

Question 29.
What is not life’s goal?
(A) riches
(B) power
(C) religion
(D) grave
Answer:
(D) grave

Question 30.
The poet advises us not to dwell in the?
(A) day dreams
(B) past
(C) future
(D) present
Answer:
(B) past

Question 31.
What should we do?
(A) Live in the present
(B) Believe in God
(C) Trust no future
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 32.
Why should we live in the present?
(A) Because this is what is correct
(B) Because it will make the God happy
(C) Because we have control over our past .
(D) Because we cannot change our future
Answer:
(A) Because this is what is correct

Question 33.
What do lives of great men remind us of?
(A) How we can live in present
(B) How not to dwell in the past
(C) We can make our lives noble
(D) We can be heroes of the battle
Answer:
(C) We can make our lives noble

Question 34.
What do we leave behind when we die?
(A) Our good deeds
(B) Out past
(C) Our mark
(D) Our riches
Answer:
(A) Our good deeds

Question 35.
Where do we leave our footprints?
(A) On the sands
(B) On time
(C) In the history
(D) Quicksand
Answer:
(C) In the history

Question 36.
Whom will our sublime lives inspire?
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity
(B) those who live in present
(C) Those who make their future good
(D) Those who strive to success
Answer:
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity

Question 37.
Lives of great men also inspire those who have failed in life and feel?
(A) hopeless
(B) lost in the ocean of life
(C) motivated
(D) wrecked
Answer:
(B) lost in the ocean of life

Question 38.
How would the lives of noble men help those in distress?
(A) By calming them
(B) By showing them good future
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic
(D) By telling them motivating tales
Answer:
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic

Question 39.
What does “With a heart for any fate” mean?
(A) Ready to face any situation
(B) Ready whole heartedly
(C) Ready to lead a hearty life
(D) Ready for future
Answer:
(A) Ready to face any situation

Question 40.
What does the poet advice the readers?
(A) To work and progress
(B) To labour and have patience
(C) To learn and prosper
(D) Have a fearless heart
Answer:
(B) To labour and have patience

Question 41.
What is fleeting?
(A) Life
(B) Time
(C) Noble deeds
(D) Death
Answer:
(B) Time

Question 42.
What does ‘Still achieving, still pursuing” mean?
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement
(B) Leading a successful and inspiring life
(C) Never submit and fighting continuously
(D) Always achieving and pursuing
Answer:
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement

Question 43.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a/an _______________ poet?
(A) English
(B) American
(C) Irish
(D) Scottish
Answer:
(B) American

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
What does the poet say about ‘life’?
Answer:
The poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real!’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 3.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 4.
What does the poet say about the goal of life?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 5.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beauty is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 6.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 7.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 8.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 9.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 10.
What does the poet tell us about the future and the past?
Answer:
The poet says that we should forget the past, because it’s dead. He states that we should not trust future, however rosy it may be, because it is uncertain.

Question 11.
What does the expression ‘muffled drums’ signify?
Answer:
The ‘muffled drums’ signify the sound of drums made dull by covering them with cloth. At funerals drums are thus muffled to match the solemn occasion.

Question 12.
Explain the significance of ‘in the world’s broad field of battle’?
Answer:
The line ‘In the world’s broad field of battle’ implies life is a temporary camp. The world we live in is a vast battle field where we are all soldiers, when we feel tired, we take rest in that camp.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-3)
Tell me ……………………………………………………………………………………… than today.
The poet urges us not to think that life is sad. Life, he says, is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
କବି ଜୀବନକୁ ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୋଲି ନ ଭାବିବାକୁ ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ ନୁହେଁ । ଆଳସ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥ ଅଟେ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର ବାସ୍ତବିକତାକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଭାବଗମ୍ଭୀର । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକା ଭାବରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଅନ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ । କବି କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଉପଭୋଗ ପାଇଁ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ଯେଉଁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଞ୍ଚୁଛୁ, ସେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଦୁଃଖକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ରୟ ଦେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ହେଉଛି କର୍ମ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସବୁବେଳେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଅଗ୍ରସର ହେବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
psalm : sacred song. The title suggests the solemnity of the theme. (ସଂହିତା ଗୀତ)
tell me not : Here the negative begining emphasizes the poet’s positive point of view.
mournful numbers : sad verses (ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା )
empty dream : a meaninglèss dream giving no satisfaction, unreal thing (ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ସ୍ବପ୍ନ)
soul : the soul …. slumbers : the life of an idle man is useless
slumbers : sleeps (here remains idle) (ଅଳସୁଆ)
And …. seem : It is reminiscent of Clough’s ‘Say Not the struggle Naught Avai leth.’ if hopes were dupes, years may be liars; It may be, in you smoke concealed, Your comrades chase e ‘en now the fliers, And, but for you, possess the field.
earnest : full of seriousness not an empty dream to be treated . This positive assertion of the poet strikes lightly the key note of the poem : Death is not life’s end.
And goal : a quotation from the Bible (ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ)
Dust returnest : a quotation from the Bible regarding the mortality of the human body (ଜୀବନ ମରଣଶୀଳ)
Was soul : It was spoken of the body only
destined : decided in advance
But … than today: It is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. The poet inspires us to conduct ourselves each day in such a way that we may find ourselves everyday better than before.

Stanza – (4-6)
Art is …………………………………………………………………… God o ‘erhead!
The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is short-lived. So a man should not waste time. In other words, there is much to be achieved in a short span of life. With the march of time, we are moving closer to death. The expression ‘muffled dreams’ splendidly exemplifies this fact. The poet presents a war imagery as the march to the grave has been transferred to march to battle. By comparing life with a ‘bivouac’, a temporary camp site during a battle, the poet reminds again of the shortness of human existence. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor reflect the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଅମର, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ମଣିଷ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କିଛି କରିବାର ଅଛି । ସମୟ ସ୍ରୋତରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର ହୋଇଯାଉଛୁ । ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ବାଜୁଥିବା ଢୋଲର ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଅଥଚ ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷୀଣସ୍ଵର’ ଏହାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି । ଏଠାରେ କବି ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମିରୁ ଉପମା ଦେଇ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ଅଭିଯାନ ସହିତ ମଣିଷର ଶ୍ମଶାନ ଯାତ୍ରାକୁ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଜୀବନକୁ ରଣଭୂମିର ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶିବିର ସହ ତୁଳନା କରି ମାନବ ଜୀବନର କ୍ଷୀଣଭଙ୍ଗୁରତା ବିଷୟରେ ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ମୂକ ଗୋମହିଷାଦି ପଶୁ ଭଳି ଆମର ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ରଣକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖୁବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମଣିଷ ଏକ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଜରୁରୀ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା ଅତୀତକୁ ନେଇ ଅନୁଶୋଚନା କରିବା ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକୁ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଜୀବନ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ ।

Glossary
Art : the creation or the expression of the beautiful
stout : strong
muffled drums : the sound of drums made dull by wrapping them in cloth. At funerals, drums are thus muffled to suit the solemn occasion.
marches : music for marching to.The poet has in mind a march for the dead
bivouac : temporary camp for troops without tents or other cover
dumb : unable to speak. Here the word also means stupid and dull. The images of the ‘dumb, driven cattle’ suggests meek submissiveness.
Be a hero … strife!: The poet is overtly didactic
strife : fight (ସଂଘର୍ଷ)
trust : rely (ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା )
pleasant : fine (ସୁନ୍ଦର)
bury : here forget (ଭୁଲିଯିବା)
Let dead ! : put away what is past and forget the same (ଅତୀତକୁ ଭୁଲିଯାଅ)
Act Present !: Here the poet lays emphäsis on action. The word ‘living’ sounds signifies it. (ବର୍ଷ ମାନ ସମୟକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଯାଅ ।)
Heart within and God o’erhead! : with courage in your heart and faith in God (ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ରଖ)

Stanza – (7-9)
Lives of …………………………………………………………… to wait
Lives of great men serve as an inspirational force to us. They have left this world not in vain. They have left glorious deeds behind them ‘on the sand of time’. We can make our lives beautiful by following their examples. Brimmed with confidence and courage, we should face every situation in life. Action should be our motto. We should learn to work hard and wait for the results.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରେରଣାର ଉତ୍ସ ସଦୃଶ । ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ ସେମାନେ ବୃଥାରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ହେବାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଯାଇନାହାନ୍ତି । ଏହି ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନେ ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗୌରବମୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟସବୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଦର୍ଶକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଆମର ଜୀବନକୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର କରିପାରିବା । ଆତ୍ମ-ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଓ ସାହସର ସହିତ ଜୀବନର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ଆମେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କର୍ମ ଆମର ଆଦର୍ଶ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ଶିଖୁବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
sublime : noble
departing : on leaving this world: dying
footprints : our noble works that will show the way to others
solemn : impressive in its awe inspiring vastness and depth
main : ocean
forlorn : unhappy and deserted
forlorn … brother: one who has failed in life and is distressed at one’s own moral and material ruin (ଅସଫଳତା ପାଇଁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିବା)
shipwrecked : utterly ruined by misfortune (ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ)
take heart : be confident
heart for any fate: confidence to face any situation in life, favourable or unfavourable (କରିବାପାଇଁ ଦୃଢ଼ ମନୋବଳ)
still : always (ସର୍ବଦା)
wait : ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା

Introducing the Poet
While still a student, H.W. Longfellow (1807-1882) wrote to his father, ‘Whatever I do study ought to be engaged in with all my soul’. Years later, he resigned his coveted position as the Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard University, which he had filled for a long time with honour, feeling that he was not able to do justice to his work as a poet on account of the demands made on his time -and energy by his duties as an academic. His conscientiousness revealed itself even when he was a boy; he was studious and had little interest in sports. The same seriousness of purpose is found in his poetry. He was a moralist, and had he been less of a puritan, perhaps his poetry would have been more enjoyable. But as it has been pointed out, it was a source of his strength as well as his weakness. Fortunately, his didactism is relieved by his sunny spirit which permeates his poems like ‘A Psalm of life’.

About the Poem
In A Psalm of Life the poet gives young readers some valuable precepts which they should follow in their life so that their life may not be in vain. A ‘psalm’ is a sacred song or hymn. This poem is called a psalm because it lays stress on certain basic values of life. To the poet life is not an ‘empty dream’ – it is ‘real’ and ‘earnest’, and one is to make the best use of it by striving hard. Man should neither brood over the past which is dead nor waste his time in idle dreams of a rosy future. He should deal with the present. Emulating the ideals left by great men, he should be a source to inspiration to posterity. This poem belongs to the genre of poetry called ‘Carpe Diem’ poems. ‘Carpe Diem’, popularly translated as ‘seize the day’, is a phrase from a Latin poem by Horace. The sentiments expressed in the poem may appear commonplace, and the presentation facile. But the universality of the theme, the conviction with which it is presented, and the simplicity of its diction make its optimism irresistible. Longfellow, a great American himself, gives eloquent expression to the young nation’s energetic approach to life and adds a meaningful dimension to it by bringing in ‘God o’erhead’ to reinforce the ‘heart within’.

Summary
The poem begins with Longfellow’s blunt rejection of the psalmist’s view : life is a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection. Longfellow brings out a contrast between art and life. The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is transient. So we should not fritter away our time. In a short span of life, there is much to be achieved. Therefore, we should live as productive a life as possible. Then the poet compares our hearts to ‘muffled drums’. Each beat of our heart carries us closer to death. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor cling to the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life. – Lives of greatmen always inspire us. We can beautify our lives by following the foot-steps they have left behind ‘on the sand of time’. As a result, the future generations will be inspired in a great measure. It is action that lends worth to life and so we should learn to work hard ceaselessly and wait for the results.

ସାରାଂଶ:
ସ୍ତୋତ୍ର ରଚୟିତାଙ୍କର ମତରେ ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ । କବିତାର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ Longfellow ଏହାକୁ ରୋକ୍‌ଠୋକ୍‌ ଭାବରେ ଅଗ୍ରାହ୍ୟ କରିଛନ୍ତି । କାର୍ଯ୍ୟହୀନତା ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ଅନୁପାଦେୟ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ବାସ୍ତବତାର ସହିତ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ତାତ୍ପର୍ଯ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକାଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ଶେଷ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ନୁହେଁ । କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଜୀବନଟା ଉପଭୋଗର ବସ୍ତୁ ନୁହେଁ । ବଞ୍ଚୁଥ‌ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜୀବନରେ ଦୁଃଖ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ସ୍ଥାନ ନାହିଁ । କର୍ମରେ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ନିହିତ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଅବିଶ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଧାବମାନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କବି Longfellow କଳା ଏବଂ ଜୀବନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ବୈଷମ୍ୟକୁ ଉପସ୍ଥାପନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଚିରନ୍ତନ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ । କବି ଆମ ହୃଦୟକୁ ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଢୋଲର ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶବ୍ଦ’ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ହୃଦୟର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ଆମକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର କରାଇ ଦେଉଛି । ମୂକ ଗାଇଗୋରୁ ଭଳି ନିଜ ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବାକୁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମି ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଦରକାର । ଆମ୍ଭେ ସମସ୍ତେ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଆମେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବାନାହିଁ, ଅତୀତକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ରୋମନ୍ଥନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଆମେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଉଚିତ । ଜୀବନ ସଂଗ୍ରାମକୁ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହାସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ । ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ ସବୁବେଳେ ଆମକୁ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ କରେ । ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନେ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇଥବା ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପଦାଙ୍କକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଜୀବନକୁ ମହାନ୍ କରିପାରିବା । ଯାହାଫଳରେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ବଂଶଧରମାନେ ବହୁଳଭାବେ ପ୍ରେରଣା ପାଇପାରିବେ । କର୍ମ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମାନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରେ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ନିରବଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷା କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳାଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସହକାରେ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା ।

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 5 Ballad of the Landlord Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Poem Chapter 5 Ballad of the Landlord Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Ballad of the Landlord Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity
Landlords and tenants do not always enjoy a happy relationship. What does the tenant do if he is evicted without any valid reason? Does the law of the land protect him? What can he do if he is denied justice, especially where law and justice are handmaidens of racial prejudice? Here is a ballad that dramatizes a situation of racial prejudice.

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What are the tenant’s complaints to the landlord?
Answer:
The tenant’s complaints to the landlord are the leakage of water in the house and the broken steps to it.

Question 2.
“These steps are broken down”. Is the sentence grammatically incorrect? If not, why has the poet used it?
Answer:
The sentence “These steps are broken down” is grammatically incorrect. The correct sentence would be “These steps are broken down”. However, the poet makes use of such an ungrammatical sentence because such a sentence is suitable in spot to English between people of this Class. Further, the ballad meter is possible in tainibic trimeter pattern, with “is”

Question 3.
“Well, that’s Ten Bucks more’n I’ll pay you/Title you fix this house up new”. Explain these lines.
Answer:
Yes; the ten dollars of house rent which the tenant has to 3 pay will be cleared after the repair works of the house are complete.

Question 4.
Does the tenant actually beat the landlord? How do you know?
Answer:
The tenant actually does not beat the landlord. False charges have been leveled against him. Because the landlord rather says that the tenant can’t utter a word if he is thrashed with a fist.

Question 5.
“He’s trying to ruin the. government and overturn the land” who speaks these words? And to what effect?
Answer:
The landlord speaks these words to the police to arrest the tenant.

Question 6.
Do you think the tenant committed an unbailable offense? Explain.
Answer:
The tenant never committed the unbailable offense. It was because the tenant immediately repair the landlord who never wanted to do it. His sole desire was to extort money from the tenants without providing adequate facilities for living. simply reminded of the complaints about the leaking house and broken steps which needed.

Question 7.
What is the attitude of the poet towards the legal system and social justice of the land? Is it justifiable in the context, of the poem?
Answer:
The poet develops a negative attitude towards the dying legal system and social justice of the land. An innocent tenant is put behind the bars for no fault of his and the wicked and notorious landlord gets the upper hand. The innocent are punished and the notorious are let loose. Law in the context of the poem is not justifiable.

Question 8.
Why is the last stanza printed in capital letters?
Answer:
The last stanza comprises capital letters because these are the exact newspaper headlines that appear on a newspaper so as to draw the attention of the reader.

Question 9.
In this poem, the poet uses some words that are plain or ungra¬mmatical or clipped or telegraphic. Can you identify them?
Answer:
“These steps are broken”; ‘member……..Ten Bucks more’n I’llYou gonna………..”; “You ain’t gonna He’stryingto.“Man Threatens Landlord Tenant Held No Bail Judge Gives Negro 90 Days In Country Jail”

Question 10.
Who do you sympathize with the landlord or the tenant? And why?
Answer:
Actually, the tenant draws more sympathy than the landlord. It is because he has fallen victim in the hand of the kind landlord who without any rhyme and reason puts him behind the bars on false charges. The tenant simply puts forth his problems in the house he had taken on rent, But the angry landlord takes recourse to unethical activities.

Composition

Question 1.
Examine how far the title “Ballad of the Landlord” is justified.
Answer:
The poem “Ballad of the Landlord” has been composed by Langstone Hughes, a prominent and outstanding poet of America. He has written a large volume of poems. He is an outstanding master who provides very apt and suggestive titles to his poems. Actually, a colorful and attractive signboard automatically arrests the attention of the customer to the shops. Similarly, an apt and adequate, and suggestive title, automatically fascinates the reader and makes them spellbound to go through the poem.

The discussed poem “Ballad of the Landlord” presents the same powerful force to justify the title of his poem. In fact, the ballad is a narrative poem that tells the story of some event in the form of a verse. Here, the poem; tells about the complaints of a tenant and the action taken by the landlord on that issue.

However, going through the poem, we have marked that the tenant had already given information to the landlord a week ago as to the leakage in the house and the broken steps which needed immediate repair. He also tells the landlord that he would pay him his due often dollars rented money when the landlord would complete the repair work of the house.

On the other hand, the landlord becomes irritated and resorts to illegal means to evict the tenant from the house. He even threatens him to fist on his back and the tenant can’t utter a word against him. The landlord also cries, “Police ! Police .” to come and arrest the tenant with no fault of his. Therefore, the tenant is arrested on false charges. He is thrown to prison due to the unbailable offense’ leveled against him.

The next day it came out in the newspaper Headline “Man Threatens Landlord/ Tenant Held No Bail/ Judge Gives Negro 90 Days In Country Jail” As a matter of fact the poem is entirely apt ‘and justified. Although unjust still then the landlord is ‘fully involved in the development of the theme. Without the illegal action taken by the landlord, the event can’t be completed. On the whole, in spite of the negation and injustice, the poem makes us spellbound and amused. In fact, the title is proper and justified.

Question 2.
Write an appreciation of the poem, following the outlines: (theme deviant (unusual) language used response to the poem and your analysis of the sequence of events, in narration stanza by stanza effectiveness of the poem in communicating the intended ideas and feeling- the functions of the considered opinion. Landlord” is undoubtedly the best masterpiece of Hughes. It is, indeed, Hughe’s ‘protest’ poem that tells about the. the sobriety of the tenants contrasted with the high-handed attitude of the landlords who exploit and harass their tenants. This event has been generalized and even universalized. The first and second stanza deal with the complaints given by the tenant before to the landlord as to the leakage in the house and the broken steps. The tenant had already given
Answer:
In fact, the poem “Ballad of the information about it to the landlord a week before. But no action has been taken so far relating to the condition of the house and the steps. The third stanza tells about the tenant’s warning against the nonpayment of the ten dollars that he owed to the landlord. He declared that he. would not pay the sum till repair works are undertaken. The fourth stanza explains the landlord’s reaction to the tenant’s request for the repair of the house again and over again. He says that the tenant is going to get the eviction orders to leave the house very soon.

He also adds that the tenant is talking high and mighty. He never hesitates to say that the tenant can’t have to say anything if it is thrashed with a fist. In die concluding stanza, the poet says that the landlord shouts for the police who came and arrested the tenant for no fault of his. He is imprisoned. He was tried in the court which convicts him. He is put behind the bars. In fact, it is a unique poem. Because there is scarcely any poem that is grounded on the tenant-landlord relationship.

It gives a realistic picture of the society in which people like these still exist. It is extremely important in the sense that the personal event has been generalized and universalized. Activity on Poem Completion Completes the following poem by filling the gaps appropriately with the lines given below it.

Activity on Poem Completion

Complete the following poem by filling the gaps appropriately with the lines given below it.
Fight your little fight my boy Don’t be a good little, good little boy and agree with all the mealymouthed. mealy-mouthed Cowardice, every old lout (D.H. Lawrence)

Lines for the gaps:
i) truths that the shy trot out.
ii)being as good, as you can.
iii) fight and be a man.
iv) to protect themselves and their greedy-mouthed, greedy-mouthed.
Answer:
Fight your little fight, my boy Fight and be a man Don’t be a good little, good little boy Being as good as you can. And agree with all the mealy-mouthed, mealy-mouthed. To protect themselves and their greedy-mouthed, greedy-mouthed. The truth that the shy trot out Cowardice, every old lout.

Notes on the poet:

Haid as the poet of the Harlem (a district in New York with a large concentration of Black Americans) Langston Hughes (1902- 1967) is famous for works like “The Weary Blues” (1926), “One Way Ticket” (1949) and “The Panther and the Lashi” (1967). His poetry has a rhythm close to Jazz Music; it is characterized by conflicting changes …… sharp interjections, broken shy them. The poem “Ballad of the Landlord” is one of Hughes’s protest poems.

The Ballad As A Verse Form:
A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story, or it can be said to be a story in verse. Both the ballad and the lyric arise in response to the same need, both are associated in their origin with the communal dance, but while the ballad has remained a wayside flower, the lyric gradually becomes an exotic product of conscious art. The term ballad is used now to cover a wide variety of verses, but the word originally signified a dance song and many ballads eloquent of love youth and the spring tide were sun the villagers at their feasting t0 a rhythmic measure.

What we have are the product of Saxon, the intensity of feeling, softened and lightened by Norman sentiment and grace; though the ballad measure is of ancient origin and probably dates from early medieval times. Its History Thus, the ballad is a narrative poem, associated in its origin with the communal dance, possessing no marks of authorship and the outcome of tradition among people free from literary influence.

As in the case of the lyric, one more gifted member of the tribe would compose the verse of the song, while the rest would chant the refrain. The bard would recite the exploits of the hero in battle or the leader himself might even do this and the surrounding warriors join in the primitive chorus. Such is the history of the ballad not only in England but as recent investigations have shown, it can be paralleled in the unwritten literature of every savage race.

The term ballad has, however, been loosely applied to all poems written in what I know as “ballad meter”; what is, four-line stanzas technically described as iambic tetrameter and iambic trimetre, hence the term often includes poems that are real I “artificial ballads” in as much as they imitate the artless, simple, narrative form of the original literary prototypes, but which sin they are not the outcome of the condition which produced them are hot to be classed with them. “Conditions favorable to the making of such poetry ceased to be general after the fifteenth century”.

The charm of the ballad lies in its native, simplicity and primitive feeling. To call it artless, as some do, is a mistake, for it has its own rules of diction, its tricks of phrasing, and conventional refrains. But it has the case and sincerity of genuine poetry and is deep-rooted in its love of Earth and primal human qualities.

Ballad Of The Landlord Summary In English

The tenant complains about the problems of his rented house to the landlord. the house has become porous and water leaks through it causing problems for tenants. he had complained landlord about the matters before last week. The step of the house has broken and he had already received complaints about it. The tenant is surprised that the landlord never falls down when he climbs the broken steps. He also says that he would clear the dues of ten dollars after dies, the landlord, and repairs the house new.

This irritates die landlord who sharply says that the tenant is going to get eviction orders very soon. He is going to cut off his head and take his furniture and throw it in the street. He also scolds the tenant because he is thought of as arrogant and outspoken. He warns him that the tenant can not speak a word if the former strike him with his fist He also calls for the police to arrest the gentlemanly tenant. He charges him with trying to ruin the government and overturn the land. to the prison. The newspaper headlines run— Man Threatens Landlord Tenant Held Sio Bail Judge Gives Negro 90 Days In Country Jail. At last, the tenant is arrested and taken.

Analytical outlines

• The tenant complains to the landlord about the rented house.
• The house has become porous
• Water leaks through it.
• it causes various problems
• The tenant complains about it before last week,
• The steps of the house have broken.
• The landlord had already received complaints against if
• The tenant has Dyes often dollars
• He would pay it after repairing the house
• This irritates the landlord
• He sharply says that the tenant is going to get eviction orders very soon
• he is going to cut off his heat
• he is going to take his fortune
• He is also going to throw these in the street.
• He also scolds the tenant
• Because he is thought of as being arrogant and outspoken
• He warns him that a tenant can’t speak a word against him
• Even if the landlord strikes him with his fist
• He also calls for the police to arrest the gentlemanly tenant.
• He charges him with trying to ruin the government and overturn’ the land.
• At last, the tenant is arrested and taken to prison.
• The tenant is surprised ‘that the landlord never falls down when he climbs the broken steps.

Meaning of difficult words:

sprung a leak – has a crack through which water leaks
member – remember, recall
bucks – dollars
gonna – going to
high and mighty – arrogant
copper’s – policeman’s
precinct -the main police station in a particular area.

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Girl Lithe and Tawny Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity

The word ‘LitheJ means graceful and ‘Tawny’ refers to a skin color made up of brown, yellow, and orange colors. Now, look at the title of the poem you are going to read and; guess what kind of a poem it is.

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
How does the sun form the beauty of the girl?
Answer:
The sun that ‘forms the fruits, plumps the grains, curls sea-weeds forms the body of the poet’s dream girl with joy and her bright eyes and mouth with a smile of the water.

Question 2.
What does the expression “filled your body with joy” mean?
Answer:
The expression “filled your body with joy” implies the sweetness of her body politic that attracts her male counterparts.

Question 3.
What do you think is the meaning of the line and your mouth that has the smile of the water”?
Answer:
As water flows spontaneously, the upsurge of a natural smile on her mouth is quite natural and spontaneous. Her smile blooms on its own.

Question 4.
Why does the poet call the girl’s hair “a black yearning sun”? What figure of speech is used here?
Answer:
The girl’s hair is a black yearning sun” which implies that the sun hides in her black hair. The sun has a strong wish to remain hidden in her hair. The figure of speech ‘metaphor’ is used here.

Question 5.
What can the poet mean by “play with the sun as with a little brook”?
Answer:
The poet means by the expression “play with die sun as with a little brook” which leaves two dark pools in her eyes.

Question 6.
What draws the poet away from the girl?
Answer:
The frenzied youth, of Bee and the drunkenness of wave, and the power of the wheatear in the dream girl drew the poet away from her

Question 7.
What purpose does the image of the bee serve in stanza 3 of the poem?
Answer:
The image ‘bee’ in the third stanza implies young lovers who hover around the beautiful girls.

Question 8.
What does the poet try to convey through the images of the wave and the wheatear?
Answer:
The poet tries to convey the drunkenness of the wage and the power of the wheatear through these images.

Question 9.
Whose heart searches for the girl?
Answer:
The somber heart of the girl Lithe and Tawny search for the girl herself.

Question 10.
Why does the poet address the girl as a “Dark butterfly”?
Answer:
“Dark butterfly” refers to lovers having inconsistency in love. The girl is said to be a “Dark butterfly” because she is not constantly in love and changes her love from person to person as butterflies change from flower to flower.

Question 11.
What aspects/activities of the girl go towards making her lithe?
Answer:
The qualities of fruits, plumps, grains, sea-weeds, joy, luminous eyes, smile, and the sun being braided into her strands go towards the making of the poem.

Question 12.
Is the girl made tawny by the sun or was she was born tawny? How do you
Answer:
The girl was not bom tawny. She was made tawny by the sun. The reason for the answer goes in the line the sun that warms the fruits, plumps the grains that curl weed filled your body with joy, and your minus eyes/and your mouth that has the Nile of the water. The bold type letters mark the fact that she was made tawny. know the answer?

Composition

Question 1.
Make a list of objects to which the girl has been compared. Are they or comparisons convincing or exaggerated? of comparisons have been listed below:
Answer:
The poet makes use of a Plethora
the sun – noon
the fruit-friend youth of the bee
the plumps – drunkenness of the wave
the grains – power of the wheatear
the sea-weeds – dark butterfly.
smile of water – wheat-field
the yeaning – the puppy, the water
The comparisons are apt and suggestive and convincing.

Question 2.
Write an appreciation of the poem “Girl Lithe and Tawny”, starting with the mention of the theme, then analyzing the poem stanza by stanza, relating them to the theme, and including your overall (assessment of the poem.)
Answer:
The poem “Girl Lithe and Tawny” by Pablo Neruda is a love, poem written originally on the yearnings of romantic love. The discussed poem is nothing but an English translation of a poem that was written when Keruda was almost twenty. it explains a young man’s yearnings for a girl. of his dreams forms the fruits, that plumps the grains, that curls sea-weeds, filled her body with joy and her bright and luminous eyes and her mouth that has the smile of water The stanza 1 explains that the sun expresses the beauty of the girl. A black yearning.

the sun is braided into the strands of her black mane when she stretches her arms. She plays with the sun as with a little brook and it bares two dark pools in her eyes. The second stanza proceeds ahead to Everything bear him further away as though she were noon. She was the frenzied youth, of the bee, the drunkenness of the wave, and the power of the wheatear. The third stanza is important in the sense that nothing drew the poet towards her. The concluding stanza is most inspiring and heart-touching.

It tells that her somber heart scorches for herself, nevertheless, the poet loves her joyful body, her splendor, and her flowing voice. She is explained as a “Dark butterfly and like” the wheat field and the sun the poppy and the water. As a matter of fact, the way the poet presents his dream girl is most alluring and heart-enduring. It evokes in us a tint of romantic love which is the main theme of most of his poems.

Notes On The Poet:
Poetry and politics are the chief preoccupations of Pablo Neruda who was hired from 1904-1937. His love poetry written originally in Spanish focuses on the yearning for romantic love. Among his major collections are‘ Twenty Love Poems and ‘Song of (1924), ‘Spain is the Heart’ (1937) ‘And Memorial of Isla N’agra’ (1964). The poem ‘Girl Lithe and Tawny’ is an English translation of a poem that was written by Neruda was bravely twenty. It describes a young man’s year rings for the girl of his dreams.

Girl Lithe and Tawny Summary in English

The poet has addressed this poem to his dream girl Lithe and Tawny. Actually, the sun makes the fruit, plums the grains, and curls the seaweed. In a similar way, the sun fills her luminous eyes with joy and happiness. Her bright eyes and her mouth have the smile of the water. A black longing sun is woven into the stands of her black hair. When she stretches her arms, she plays with the sun as with a little stream. It leaves two dark pools in her eyes.

Girl Lithe and Tawny is such a dream girl towards whom nothing draws the poet. Everything bears him further aÿvay, as. though she was at noon. She was the frenzied youth of the bee, the drunkenness of the wave, and the power of the wheatear. Her dark-colored heart searches for you nevertheless. The poet is highly fascinated by her and loves her youthful body. He also loves her tender and flowing voice. He also loves the dark butterfly, sweet and definitive like the wheat field, the sun, the poppy, and the water.

Analytical outlines

• The poet has addressed this poem to
• his dream girl Lithe and Tawny.
• Actually, the sun makes the fruits.
• The sun plumbs the grains.
• The sun also curls the seaweed.
• Similarly, the sun fills her luminous eyes with joy.
• It also fills her bright eyes with happiness.
• Her bright eyes have the smile of the water.
• A black longing sun is woven into the stands of her black hair.
• She stretches her arms.
• She plays with the sun again and over again
• As the plays with the little stream.
• It leaves two dark pools in her eyes.
• Girl Lithe and Tawny is such a dream girl of the poet.
• The poet draws nothing towards her.
• Everything bears him further away.
• She was the frenzied youth of the bee
• She was also the drunkenness of the wave
• She was also the power of the wheatear.
• Her dark-colored heart earnestly searches him.
• The poet is highly fascinated by her.
• He loves her youthful body wholeheartedly
• He also loves her slender and flowing voice.
• He also loves the dark butterfly, sweet and definitive.
• He loves her like the wheat field.
• He loves her like the sun.
• He loves her like the poppy.
• He also loves her like the water.

Meaning of difficult words

Lithe – graceful
plumb – makes the grains fleshy and rounded
luminous – clear, bright, glowing.
yearning – strong, will, wish, or desire.
braided – plaited, intertwined, trimmed, woven.
strand – single hair.
mane – her long hair.
brook – fountain, stream
frenzied – excited, provoked, stirred up
somber – dark
definitive – decisive
poppy – large, bright red flower.

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• The Fog Question Answer
• Girl Lithe and Tawny Question Answer
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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 3 The Fog Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Poem Chapter 3 The Fog Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Fog Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity
It’s not always that we see the Fog when do we see this phenomenon? Certainly, the fog hits one eye straight and makes us nearly blind. If you happen to be walking through the fog, how would you go ahead? Feel your way through? In a situation like this, do you think a blind man could be a good guide?

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
How can affect a person’s vision?
Answer:
The thick fog makes a man almost blind. One can see anything. The sight deceived him. It made the boys look like tall men and tall men looked like giants.

Question 2.
What example does the poet offer to illustrate his error of judgement?
Answer:
The street lamps and the lights upon the halted cars whether earthly or heavenly stars are the examples offered to illustrate his error of judgement.

Question 3.
What simile does he use to express how his eyes felt in the Fog?
Answer:
Actually, simile refers to a comparison between two dissimilar objects by means of ‘like’ or ‘as’. The poet’s eyes in the % felt like balls of burning dead.

Question 4.
At what stage of the poem is the poet completely overpowered by the Fog?
Answer:
The poet is completely overpowered by the Fog when he lost all judgement of distance and space.

Question 5.
How does he describe the street scene in the fog?
Answer:
The street lamps and the lights upon the halted cars in the street seemed to be either earth or heavenly stars.

Question 6.
What was the poet’s reaction to the offer of help?
Answer:
When the poet became helpless in the intense fog and unable to feed his way, he asked a person passing by him to tell him the way. The man he asked to was also a blind man to whom the Fog made no difference. The blind man offered to help but the poet felt hesitant about whether to follow him or not.

Question 7.
Do you find the last line of the poem paradoxical? And why?
Answer:
However, the last line of the poem is entirely paradoxical. The line goes  “A blind man led me home”. A man who happens to be blind needs the help of others to be led about. But here the blind man leads a man that is the poet who has eyes. The poet is all of a sudden blinded by the thick Fog. He had not grown accustomed to the blindness and the act of feeling his way. But the blind man had been acquainted with blindness and the act of feeling his way. He, therefore, led the poet home.

Question 8.
In an otherwise dark scene, words like “burning”, come across “lamps and the light” and “heavenly stars”. What purpose do these expressions serve in the poem?
Answer:
The expressions “burning”, “lamps and lights” and “heavenly stars” stand in sharp contrast with the otherwise dark scene in the poem. These expressions are the light-giving sources which are made dim with the thickening fog. The glaze and glamour of these things have been lost in the Fog and they look dim and faint.

Question 9.
If you find yourself in a similar situation, what would you do? Follow the blind man as the poet did? Or wait till the Fog clears.
Answer:
If I find myself in a similar situation, I would do neither of the things the poet did, i.e. not follow the blind man ad the poet did not would wait till the Fog clears. I would try to feel my way in the blinded situation in whatever trouble comes that way. So that it would give the understanding of the troubles of a blind man when he tried to that fog must disappear some time or other, l would not bother about this and continue the process of finding my way home.

Composition

Question 1.
The poem “The Fog” by W.H. Davies describes the narrator’s experience of a fog. The situation is introduced in stanzas its effect on the narrator is described in stanzas 2-4, and in the last two stanzas, the narrator’s problem is resolved. Now write an elaborate note on how ideas are structured ‘in the poem including an analysis of the poetic device used, such as similes, metaphors and paradoxes.
Answer:
In fact, the opening stanza of the poem provides a vista of introductory ideas to the poem. The lines in the stanza reveal the ocular deceptions of an approaching thick Fog. Eyes are blinded by the intense fog on the exterior. It makes the short appear tall and the tali 8iant This stanza is structured with Poetic devices such as metaphors. Metaphors are the means t6 brin8 about the similarity between two dissimilar objects without any use of “like” or “as”. comparative devices.

The last two lines of the first stanza, “it made tall men of boys/and giants of tall men” bring about a comparison between boys looking tall and tall men looking giants. Stanza 2-4 enumerate the effects of fog. They centre around the chilling throat and choking respiratory tract due to intense Fog. He felt nothing in his heart except the presence of his two eyes. The Fog grew thick that the poet was unable to feel his way. He lost all judgement of distance and space. Stanza 4 is structured on a metaphor which is designed to bring about the similarity between dissimilar objects.

The street lamps and the lights upon the halted cars seemed to be either on earth or the heavenly stars. the appearance of a man who happens to be The fifth and sixth stanzas speaks of blindness. He offers him help which the poet hesitatingly accepts. The man tells them to follow him. He followed him where he led him i.e. the poet. They finally reached the poet’s home. The last two stanzas deal with the solution to the problem.

Question 2.
In pairs, write down at least twenty words which you associate with a Fog. Then, using some of these words try to write a short poem describing an experience in a Fog.
Answer:
Air, south, cold, lamps, sun, mist, head, lights, last, smoke, eyes, vehicles, west, silence, moon, celestial, north, dawn? stars, visible. The Poem – In a Foggy Dawn
1. I moved about in a foggy down when the cold air was thick with mist Shrouding the sun in the east Nothing was visible to the eyes.

2. The east, west, north and south Breathing smoke in the silent acres The dying moon, disappearing stars, And other celestial objects.

3. Street lamps, the light of moving vehicles Deemed dim, dusty and dark Making heads heavy and haste To back home for rest.

4. Fingers feel no way at once Feet fed fastened in the Fog. Finding a glowing fire and fresh food. I groped in grief and gloom.

Detailed Summaries

Paraphrase: Stanza – 1
The poet explains the thickener Fog. It intensified and blinded the poet’s sight very soon- made the boys look tall Again the tall men looked like giants. Hence the stanza tells about the unreal and deceptive appearance of the ethereal world.

Stanza – 2:
Actually, the thick and dense Fog hides a billing effect on the human body. It held the speaker’s throat and deposited cough there. So, he coughed and coughed. He felt that nothing was there in his head. He only felt the presence of his two eyes which looked like balls of burning dead.

Stanza – 3:
The thickness of the Fog gradually intensified blackening the atmosphere all around. When it assumed impenetrable darkness, the speaker was unable to make out anything. He could not identify the places and to treed: He lost all judgement of ways distance and space.

Stanza – 4:
The Fog was very thick and dense. So the poet could not perceive anything from a distance. The street lamps and the lights upon the halted cars could either be earth or heavenly stars. It was again a deceptive feature.

Stanza – 5:
The poet was in bewilderment. At that time a man arrived on the spot. He became very close to him. He asked him the way. He told me to follow him. He followed him where he led him.

Stanza – 6:
The man told the poet to take him to confidence to make him reach his home very safely. The poet followed him like a child. The man was none other than a blind man. Both of them were not able to see anything. But the second one was capable of leading the first one as he had grown accustomed to the blindness for a long time.

Notes to the Poet and Poem:

William Henry Davies (1871-1940) is chiefly remembered for expressing natural beauty in his short, simple verses. Important among his volumes of poetry are “The Soul’s Destroyer and other poems” (1907) and “Love Poems” (1930). His poems mainly touch upon “odds and ends of things”.“The Fog” is about one of life’s ironies.

The Fog Summary in English

The narrator of the poem saw the fog grow very thick and dense. It became too thick to make everyone blind that is things were hardly visible. Boys looked like tall men and tall men looked like giants. It gripped his throat and he kept coughing. There was nothing in him except the two little heavy eyes Which continued rolling like two balls of burning bad when they thickened more and more, it assumed darker.

It became so black that he could make out nothing. He was not able to identify the places, he lost his judgement then as to the exact distance and space. The speaker was even unable to make out whether the street lamps and the lights upon the halted cars could be either on earth or be the heavenly stars. Aman passed close by him. He asked him the right way to his house. The man asked to follow him. He followed him where he went. He followed him as a child after his parents. It was a blind man who ultimately led him home.

Analytical outlines of the poem:

• The narrator of the poem saw the Fog.
• It grew very thick and dense.
• It became too thick to make everyone blind.
• It is blind as things were hardly visible.
• So boys looked like tall men.
• The tall men looked like giants.
• It gripped his throat.
• So, he kept coughing.
• There was nothing in him.
• He had only two little heavy eyes.
• These continued rolling like two balls of burning bed.
• The fog thickened more and more.
• It is assumed darker.
• It became too black to make out anything.
• He was not able to identify the places.
• He lost his judgement.
• He could not judge the exact distance and space
• The speaker was even unable to make out the street lamps.
• It also could not make out the lights upon the halted cars.
• They appeared to him like heavenly stars
• A man passed close by him.
• He asked him the right way to his house.
• The man asked to follow him.
• He followed him where he went.
• He followed him as a child after his parents.
• It was a blind man.
• He ultimately led him home.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

ken – a range of knowledge here, sight
clutch – to grasp tightly, to hatch, snatch, to hold.
rapped – knocked sharply, striking.

Read More:

• Ecology Question Answer
• Dog’s Death Question Answer
• The Fog Question Answer
• Girl Lithe and Tawny Question Answer
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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 2 Dog’s Death Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Poem Chapter 2 Dog’s Death Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Dog’s Death Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity I
Have you ever kept a pet? Why do people keep pets? For companionship? For love? Or for some other benefits? Can you recall some of the happiest moments with your pets? Here is a poem in which Updike remembers his pet. As you read the poem, try to find an answer to the question. What is the most significant thing that the poet remembers about his pet?

Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Why does the poet begin with the pronoun “she”? Would it make any difference, if the poem began with “the dog….”?
Answer:
However, the poet has adopted this technique due to two things. One thing is that the poet has personified the dog as he has attributed human qualities to it.‘Since the dog is treated as a member of the family. It is given a human position. Secondly, the pronoun “she” makes it clear that it is a female dog that is it is a bitch. The poem would have made a lot of difference if it had started with The dog….”

Question 2.
How did the dog win everybody’s appreciation?
Answer:
The dog must have been kicked unseen or brushed by a car. If W&s for young to know much. It was. starting to learn to use the newspapers spread on the kitchen floor. He: therefore, won everyone’s appreciation. It is 4n fact, a good dog.

Question 3.
What could “shy malaise” means?
Answer:
However, “Shy malaise” means bodily disorder without signs of illness. The bodily discomfort is not known to the surface. Suffering is something that is not known to the outward.

Question 4.
What does the poet want to convey when he says “… blood was filling her skin/And her heart was tearing to He down forever”?
Answer:
As the poet and others teased, the dog, got terribly angry. However, it was rational enough to control itself. It is the meaning of the given statement.

Question 5.
How does the poet describe the dying dog?
Answer:
The poet describes that the children were noisily fed on Monday morning. Then they were sent to school. The dying dog crawled beneath the youngest’s bed. It was found that it was twisted and limp but still alive. It was carried to the vets in a car on the poet’s lap. It tried to bite his hand and died. Thus, in this way the dying dog is described by the poet.

Question 6.
What does the expression “her frame” suggest?
Answer:
The expression ‘her frame’ suggests the complete body politic of the dog. The entire body structure of the dog referred to as the ‘frame’ has sunk down owing to diarrhea.

Question 7.
Why did the dog drag herself to a newspaper on Sunday night?
Answer:
However, the dog suffered from severe diarrhea. It had a terrible loose motion which had made it considerably weak and worn out. Unable to walk, it dragged itself across the floor to reach a piece of newspaper spread in a distance so as to pass extra on it and not to make the floor dirty by spilling stool here and there. It, therefore, tried to drag itself to a newspaper on a Sunday night.

Question 8.
In stanza- 4, the third line is; “Though surrounded by love that would have upheld her”. Who was “surrounded”? And by whom?
Answer:
The dog was surrounded by the poet’s family members who were love personified. The whole family had a selfless love for the innocent creature.

Question 9;
Comment on the speaker’s voice in “Dog’s Death”.
Answer:
The speaker seems to be an ardent lover of his pet dog. Her death has brought him unbound sorrows. His intense love for the dog made him write a poem devoted to it. The poem delineates the poet’s profound love which he employs in his poem ‘Dog’s Death”.

Question 10.
Can you suggest an alternative title for the poem?
Answer:
An alternative title may be suggested for the poem. It is “Oh Dog, My Dog !”

Composition

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of the poem beginning with a mention of its theme and then showing, through a stanza-by-stanza analysis, how this theme has been elaborated across the stanzas in a connected way, your appreciation of the poem must include an analysis of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the poetic devices used and must conclude with your personal response to the poem.
Answer:
The poem “Dog’s Death” is undoubtedly the most typical masterpiece of John Updike, an eminent and outstanding American Poet. This autobiographical poem centers around the death of a beloved pet of the poet. The poet is a dog that dies bringing about-an uncompromising sorrow to the poet who feels bereft of his faithful dog. In the first stanza, the poet describes his pet dog which must have been kicked or brushed by a car. It was starting to learn to use the newspaper spread on the kitchen floor and to win.

It was a good dog. In the second stanza, we find the poet and his wife thought her shy malaise was a terrible reaction. The postmortem report revealed that there appeared a crack in its lever. As it was teased with play, blood was ‘feeling her skin and her heart was leaning to ie down forever. In the third stanza, we have, it was Monday morning. The children were noisily fed MD went to school. The dog crawled beneath (the youngest’s childbed. She was found lying disturbed and limp although she was alive. It was carried to the vets on the poet’s lap.

The expression “on my lap” tells that the pet is like i loving child which is carried on the poet’s In the fourth stanza, we find that when ie dog was being carried to the vet’s in a car on the poet’s lap, it tried to bite the poet’s mind and died. The poet patted its warm fur in his wife and called in a voice imperious with ars. But the dog was no more. stance. The concluding stanza tells that the poet id his wife returned home at last and found the frame drawing near to dissolution. While offering from diarrhea, it had dragged itself ross the floor to a newspaper quite tirelessly left on the spot in a little As a matter of fact, we observed that the theme of unfathomable love towards that animal is vehemently treated by the poet almost all the stanzas. The personified session is really the most inspiring and heart-ching.

Question 2.
Suppose your pet is lost and there is little hope of your getting it back. Write a letter to a friend expressing your sentiments for the lost pet, so that you may get over your depression.
Answer:

Mohantypara
Sundargarh
20.07.2016

My Dear Rakesh,
How are you? You’d be surprised to know that the dog you saw last is now no more. You know what a nice animal it is. It used to bark for me; guard for me and even die for me. I’ve told you how it once helped me from imminent death. Its absence causes a serious vacuum that can hardly be filled up. I personally feel bereft of the most living creature which is no longer in life. The sense of loss for the pretty little thing hangs heavy on me. I can’t really withstand the incompressible loss meted out to me. I’d been. closely associated with his pet of mine. since 2010. I do feel its loss every now and then.

Yours ever,
Sukant

Detailed Summaries

Paraphrase: Stanza -1
The day must have been kicked unseen. It must have been brushed by a car. It was starting to learn to use the newspapers spread on the kitchen floor and to win Wetting there. It was, in fact, a good dog.

Stanza – 2
The poet and his wife thought her shy malaise was a terrible reaction. The postmortem report revealed that there appeared a crack in its liver. As it was teased with play, blood was filling her skin and her heart was learning to lie down forever.

Stanza – 3
It was Monday morning. The children were properly fed. Then they went to school. The dog crawled beneath the youngest’s bed. She was found distorted and limp although she was alive. It was parried to the vets on the poet’s lap.

Stanza- 4
car on the poet’s lap to the .vet’s, it tried to bite the poet’s hand and died.’ The poet patted its warm fur. His wife called in a voice imperious with tears. But the dog more. While the dog was being carried in a was no more.

Stanza – 5
The poet and his wife come back home. They found her frame drawing near to dissolution. While suffering front diarrhea, it had dragged itself across the floor to a newspaper quite carelessly left on the spot a little distance.

Notes On The Poet:

John. Updike (born 1932) is known as the chronicles of modem America. His novels such as ‘.Couples’ and the ‘Rabbit’ contemplate on the ‘domestic needs’ and ‘aesthetic-religious desires’ of the average American. He has also tried his hand at sight-verse. Some of his well-known poetry collections are ‘The Carpentered Hen’, ‘Telephone poles’ and ‘Facing Nature’. In ‘Dog’s Death’ the poet pays tribute to the memory of his pet. The appeal of the poem, however, is universal.

Dog’s Death Summary in English

The dog must have been kicked unseen or brushed by a car. He was too young to know much and he was beginning to leaned to use the newspapers, spread on the kitchen floor. It was thought that her shy malaise was a short reaction. The autopsy proved that there was a rupture in its liver. As it was teased sportively, blood was filling her skin and its heart was learning to tie down forever. sent to school on Monday morning, it crept beneath the youngest’s bed.

It was found limp and trusted although alive. While it was being carried in a car to the vet’s on the poet’s lap, it tried to bite his hand and died. The poet stroked its warm fur and his wife called in a voice imperious with tears. They came back home, they found that in the night its body frame was heading towards dissolution. As the children were noisily fed and sportively, blood was filling her skin and its heart was learning to tie down forever. sent to school on Monday morning, it crept beneath the youngest’s bed.

As the children were noisily fed and sent to school on Monday morning, it crept beneath the youngest’s bed. It was found limp and trusted although alive. While it was being carried in a car to the vet’s on the poet’s lap, it tried to bite his hand and died. The poet stroked its warm fur and his wife called in a voice imperious with tears. They came back home, they found that in the night its body frame was heading towards dissolution.

Analytical outlines of the poem

• The dog must have been kicked unseen.
• It must have been brushed by a car.
• it was too young to know much.
• It was beginning to learn to use the newspapers spread on the kitchen floor.
• It was thought that her shy malaise was a shot reaction.
• The autopsy proved that there was a rupture in its liver.
• It was teased sportively.
• Blood was filling her skin. ,
• Its heart was learning to lie down forever.
• It was Monday morning.
• The children were noisily fed.
• They were sent to school. It crept beneath the youngest’s bed.
• It was found limp.
• It was trusted although alive.
• It was being carried in a car to the vets on the poet’s lap.
• It tried to bite his hand.
• At last, it died.
• The poet stroked its warm fur.
• His wife called in a voice imperious with
• They came back home.
• They found that in the night its body frame was heading towards dissolution,

Meaning of difficult words

malaise – bodily discomfort without signs of illness.
autopsy – personal inspection,’ examination of the body in order to know the cause of death
rupture – breaking, a breach, bursting.
imperious – haughty, commanding, imperative, giving orders.
disclosed – revealed, exposed. unclosed,
crawled – moved slowly, crept.
stroked – patted with hands.
stiffening – unbending, not easily moved, to become stiff and tight
diarrhea – an excessive looseness of bowels, an infectious disease of the bowel
dragged – trailed, harrowed, pulled
forcibly, endured – bear firmly, tolerate, withstand.

Read More:

• Ecology Question Answer
• Dog’s Death Question Answer
• The Fog Question Answer
• Girl Lithe and Tawny Question Answer
• Ballad of the Landlord Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Invitation English Poem Chapter 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Oft, In The Stilly Night Class 11 Questions and Answers

Think It Out

Question 1.
When do the past memories occur to the poet?
Answer:
The past memories occur to the poet before he finds himself in deep sleep.

Question 2.
What does “other days” mean?
Answer:
‘Other days’ means the days coming nearer and this creates a sense of impending doom.

Question 3.
Are the memories of boyhood sweet or sad? Quote the line in support of your answer. How does the poet grieve for his dear ones who have passed away?
Answer:
Memories of boyhood are both sweet and sad. The lines :
“The smiles, the tears”
“The eyes that shone”
“Now dimm’d and gone”
“The cheerful hearts now broken !”
bring out sad memories.

Besides the lines
“Of boyhood’s years”
“The words of love then spoken”
describe sweet memories.
The poet grieves for his dear and near ones who have passed away in his nostalgic vein.

Question 4.
How does he recall his friends?
Answer:
He sadly recalls his friends who were very close to him. They are now all dead.

Question 5.
Does the poet feel lonely in the absence of his near and dear ones? Quote the line in support of your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the poet feels lonely in the absence of his dear and near ones. The line “Who trades alone” states this.

Question 6.
A simile is a figure of speech used to make a comparison between two unlike things using ‘as’, and ‘like’ … What figure of speech does the poet use to express his loneliness?
Answer:
The poet used metaphor to express his loneliness.

Question 7.
The figure of speech used to express inanimate beings as animate is called personification. Give the example of personification used m the poem.
Answer:
The line “slumber’s chain has bound me” is an example of personification.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Oft, In The Stilly Night Important Questions and Answers

A. Short Answer Type Questions with Answers

1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When I remember all
The friends, so linked together,
I’ve seen around me fall,
Like leaves in wintry weather;
I feel like one
Who treads alone

Some banquet-hall deserted,
Whose lights are fled,
Whose garlands dead,
And all but he departed!

Thus, on a stilly night,
Ere slumber’s chain has bound me,
Sad memory brings the light
Of other days around me.

Questions :
(i) “So linked together.” Explain its significance.

(ii) Explain :
“I’ve seen around me fall,
Like leaves in wintry weather;”

(iii) Why is ‘Some banquet-hall deserted’?

(iv) What does this extract indicate?

(v) Account for repetition of words ‘whose’ and ‘he’ signify?

Answers :
(i) The expression “So linked together” implies the poet’s close Mends.

(ii) With the advent of winter, leaves wither. Like them, his friends have passed away in course of time.

(iii) Some banquet-hall looks empty, because his dear and near ones, and his friends are all dead.

(iv) This extract indicates the poet’s transition from boyhood to the present time by switching from past to present tense.

(v) The repetition of ‘whose’ and ‘he’ indicate personalization.

B.Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Choose the correct option.
Introducing the poet and Warm-up

Thomas Moore…………. away.
Question 1.
Who among the following is the poet of the poem “Oft, In The Stilly Night”?
(a) Thomas Hardy.
(b) Thomas Moore.
(c) John Milton.
(d) John Keats.
Answer:
(b) Thomas Moore.

Question 2.
The description in this poem is mainly about :
(a) a natural science.
(b) the life of a great man.
(c) the memories of the past.
(d) a hero of a great battle.
Answer:
(c) the memories of the past.

Question 3.
In the poem the poet longs for :
(a) the days have gone by, and the dear ones who have passed away.
(b) the hero of battle who fought till the last drop of his bloodshed.
(c) the natural beauty which he had seen while visiting a hill station.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) the days have gone by, and the dear ones who have passed away.

The Text
Lines from 1 to 14
Oft, in the stilly night……….. days around me.
Question 4.
How was the night that the poet refers to?
(a) stormy.
(b) stilly.
(c) shivering.
(d) snowy.
Answer:
(b) stilly.

Question 5.
What do you mean by the word ‘stilly’?
(a) disturbing.
(b) fearful.
(c) calm.
(d)horror.
Answer:
(c) calm.

Question 6.
Which kind of ‘chain’ does the poet here refer to?
(a) chain of iron.
(b) chain of dreams.
(c) chain of deep sleep.
(d) chain of thoughts.
Answer:
(c) chain of deep sleep.

Question 7.
What do you mean by the word ‘slumber’?
(a) deep breathe.
(b) deep sleep.
(c) deep thought.
(d) deep voice.
Answer:
(b) deep sleep.

Question 8.
What does the word ‘light’ mean?
(a) the sunshine.
(b) the joy.
(c) the sorrow.
(d) the moonlight.
Answer:
(b) the joy.

Question 9.
What do the words ‘other days’ mean?
(a) the days other than his days of the tour.
(b) the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.
(c) the days of his childhood.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.

Question 10.
He remembers the smiles and the tears of a particular period. Which is that?
(a) period of childhood.
(b) period of youth.
(c) period of his tours and travels.
(d) period of the old hood.
Answer:
(a) period of childhood.

Question 11.
What does the poet feel to have lost?
(a) his childhood days.
(b) his memory of good and bad days.
(c) the shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his near and dear ones.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) the shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his near and dear ones.

A line from 15 to 28
When I remember………….. ….days around me.
Question 12.
Whom does the poet remember?
(a) his friends who had gone.
(b) his friends who are still alive.
(c) his forefathers who have gone.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) his friends who had gone.

Question 13.
How did his friends leave this world?
(a) like a journey to heaven.
(b) like leaves in winter weather.
(c) like everybody in this world.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) like leaves in winter weather.

Question 14.
What does it imply ‘so linked together’?
(a) people in the link.
(b) people of an association.
(c) poet’s close friends.
(d) natural things linked together.
Answer:
(c) poet’s close friends.

Question 15.
What do you mean by the expression ‘banquet-hall deserted’?
(a) nobody in the hall to enjoy the feast.
(b) the loneliness of the last survivor.
(c) loss of cheerfulness in life.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the loneliness of the last survivor.

Question 16.
‘And all but he departed.’ In this line the word ‘he’ refers to :
(a) to the man who is not dead.
(b) the best friend of the poet.
(c) the poet himself.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) the poet himself.

Question 17.
One line of the poem signifies that the poet is all alone. What is that line?
(a) Line 19
(b) Line 20
(c) Line 21
(d) Line 24
Answer:
(b) Line 20

Question 18.
Which words in the poem express personification?
(a) in the stilly night.
(b) slumber’s chain.
(c) who treads alone.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) slumber’s chain.

Question 19.
What do you mean by the word ‘departed’?
(a) went away.
(b) divided.
(c) dead.
(d) separated.
Answer:
(c) dead.

Question 20.
What’s the expression of the line ‘Whose lights are fled”?
(a) the joys of their happiness are gone.
(b) who have lost their lives?
(c) the light of their lives has become a beam.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) the joys of their happiness are gone.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary
Stanza – 1 (Lines 1-14)
Gist with Glossary
Gist :
Stanza one presents two periods of memories, sweet and sad that occupy the poet’s mind. It begins with memories of boyhood. It was a blend of joy, love, and sorrow. The shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his dear and near ones met with the tragic loss. He remembers these days in a quiet night before deep sleep takes hold of him

Glossary:
Oft: often (ବାରମ୍ବାର, ବହୁବାର)
Stilly: calm, silent (ନୀରବ, ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧ)
Slumber: deep sleep (ଗଭୀର ନିଦ୍ରା)
The Light: (here) joy (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
Other Days: the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.
The eyes…gone: The death of those whom he loved most
The cheerful…… broken: indicate death

Stanza – 2 (Lines 15-28)
Gist With Glossary
Gist:
Stanza two begins with the poet’s remembrance of close friends. He has seen them like withered leaves in the wintry cold. He now feels lonely. He sees the deserted banquet hall. The lights and garlands there are all gone with the death of each and every friend. They have left him alone to remember them in the stillness of night before he finds himself in deep sleep. Sad memory freshens the happy and joyful days he had spent not only with his friends but with other people around him.

Glossary:
The Friends….together: the poet’s close friend.
I have…….. fall: his friends are no more.
like……… weather: they have withered as the leaves fall as a result of bitter wintry cold.
I feel……… alone: the poet wilts under loneliness.
banquet…….. deserted: The banquet hall is empty. There is no sign of his friends.
whose…….. dead: They are all dead.
And all but he departed: Each of his close friends has died. He remains a lone survivor.

Introducing The Poet

Thomas Moore, an Irish poet, is a singer, songwriter, and entertainer. Besides, he is a satirist and a propagandist. He is now best remembered for The Lyrics of the Minstrel Boy and The Last Rose of Summer. In his lifetime, he was often referred to as Anacreon Moore.

About The Poet

Moore’s Oft, In the Stilly Night, throws light on two periods (past and present) and memories (boyhood and present). There is a tinge of nostalgia about it. It is one of the most magnificent songs of Moore with a complete adjustment of words to music and music to words with a very fine quality poetical merit in the verse. The theme of death pervades the poem.

Summary

The poet walks down the memory. He recollects memories, sweet and sad, in the calm night before deep sleep grips him. ‘The smiles, the tears’ of his ‘boyhood years’ flash before his mind’s eye. Besides loving words of his dear and near ones ring his ears. Their shining eyes are no more. Their gay hearts do not exist. The poet’s remembrance of the sad past takes him back to the days of sunshine and happiness he had had with his kith and kin. In short, death is first presented in the shining eyes that are ‘now dimmed and gone’.

It is next presented as ‘cheerful hearts now broken’. The poet’s mind is filled with near-present memories of ‘friends, so link’d together’. Death is presented here as friends who ‘fall/like leaves in wintry weather’. Death again is presented in a personal connection and in a threatening way. He remembers the day when his dear ones left some banquet-hall one by one. They have passed away. He is the lone survivor. In other words, he recollects the past in a state of deep sorrow.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବି Thomas Moore ଏହି କବିତାରେ ଜୀବନର ଦୁଇଟି ସମୟର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି – ବାଲ୍ୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଓ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନର ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା । ରାତିର ଗଭୀରତା ସହିତ ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ୟ ବଢୁଥାଏ, ପରିବେଶର ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତା ଓ ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ୟ ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ଵକୁ ବିସ୍ତାରିତ କରୁଥାଏ । କବି ଶୟନ କକ୍ଷକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନେବାପାଇଁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଅତୀତର ସ୍ମୃତି ପ୍ରକାର ଚିନ୍ତାରେ । ପିଲା ସମୟର ସୁଖ ଓ ଦୁଃଖର ଚିନ୍ତାଗୁଡ଼ାକ ମନ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଧସେଇ ପଶିଆସେ । କବିଙ୍କ ଚିନ୍ତା ବାଲ୍ୟାବସ୍ଥାର ସ୍ମୃତିରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଛି । ଏହା ଥିଲା ଆନନ୍ଦ, ପ୍ରେମ ଓ ଦୁଃଖର ଏକ ସମ୍ମିଶ୍ରଣ । ବାଲ୍ୟାବସ୍ଥାର ଏହି ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହୁଏ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସେହି ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଆଖି ଓ ନିର୍ମଳ ହୃଦୟ ଆଉ ନାହିଁ । କବିଙ୍କର ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦ ଓ ମଧୁର ମୁହୂର୍ଭର ସୂ ତିଚାରଣ ହୁଏ । ଯୁବକ ଅବସ୍ଥାର ସେହି ପ୍ରେମ ବିଭୋରିତ ମୁହୂର୍ଭ ବି କବିଙ୍କର ମନେପଡ଼େ ।

ଆଜି କବି ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟର ଉପନୀତ।ସେଦିନର ସେହି ନିର୍ମଳ ହୃଦୟ ଓ ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଆଖିକୁ ଆଜି ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ମଳିନତା ଗ୍ରାସ କରିଛି । ଚାଲିଯାଇଛି ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦମୟ ପ୍ରେମ ବିଭୋରିତ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ । ଆଜି ତାଙ୍କର ହୃଦୟ ହୋଇଛି ଶୁଷ୍କ ଓ ନୀରସ । ଏହା ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଖଣ୍ଡ ଖଣ୍ଡ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧ ରାତ୍ରିର ଗଭୀରତା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ନେଇ ଆସିଛି ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ହତାଶାର ଚିତ୍ର । କବିଙ୍କର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ ହୁଏ ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ସେହି ସୁନେଲି ମୁହୂର୍ଭ, ଯେତେବେଳେ କି ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଗହଣରେ ଆନନ୍ଦଭରା ନାଚ ଓ ଗୀତରେ ସମୟ ଅତିବାହିତ କରିଥିଲେ । ଏବେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ ଘଟିଛି । ସେ ଆଜି ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟରେ ଉପନୀତ । ସାଙ୍ଗମାନେ ସମସ୍ତେ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଗଲେଣି । ଏବେ ସେ ଏକାକୀ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ ବଞ୍ଚ୍ ଭିତରେ । ସେ ହୋଇଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ଏକ ପରିତ୍ୟକ୍ତ ଭୋଜିଭାତ ଘରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ବୁଲୁଥିବା ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ଭଳି । କିଛି ଉଠୁଥ‌ିବା ଘରଟି ଏବେ ନିର୍ଜନ ଓ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ଆଲୋକ ଲିଭିଯାଇଛି ଓ ଫୁଲମାଳ ମଉଳି ଯାଇଛି । ସମସ୍ତେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ରାତ୍ରିର ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ଯରେ ।

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Poetry:

• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Question Answer
• Oft, in the Stilly Night Question Answer
• The Inchcape Rock Question Answer
• To My True Friend Question Answer
• Fishing Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 1 Ecology Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Poem Chapter 1 Ecology Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Ecology Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity,
The poem you will read presently has the title ‘Ecology’. What does Ecology mean? If you aren’t sure of its meaning, look it up in the glossary following the text of the poem and write its meaning here. Can you now guess what the poem would aim to tell the reader? Write your guess here.

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What story does the poem tell us?
Answer:
The poem tells us about saving the ‘ecology’ of Nature. In spite of the recurring migraine of his mother and a line of cousins every year during the flowering season, she was out of temper with a thought of others as to felling the flowering trees.

Question 2.
What is its theme?
Answer:
Its theme is to, help save the environment in the way of saving trees, Therefore, it contributes a lot to the survival of a good environment.

Question 3.
When does the speaker come home in a rage and why?
Answer:
The speaker comes home in a rage when their three red Champak trees start flowering after the first rain. He gets irritated because of the advent of the Champak flowers. causes a pathetic experience for him. It is because they cause a severe migraine in his mother.

Question 4.
How does the poet describe the fragrance of the Champak flowers?
Answer:
The fragrance of the Champak flowers is very sharp and strong. Hence, too much fragrance and smell cause a pinching effect on his mother’s head and automatically causes migraine. No wind could separate the fragrance of a heavy hung yellow pollen fog of a flower.

Question 5.
How are the walls of the black pilloried house .described ‘?
Answer:
However, the poet has personified the walls of the black pilloried house. So, the walls of the black pilloried house are described to have eyes and ears.

Question 6.
When the speaker says “had gone it again” (Stanza-2), what D is its effect? Does this expression convey approval or disapproval?
Answer:
The speaker says it when he comes home in a rage. Its effect is the mother flashing her temper. The expression conveys a sense of disapproval.

Question 7.
How are the words “sift” and “porous” related? What purpose do they serve in the poem?
Answer:
“Sift” means ‘separate’ and “porous” means something having tiny holes. The wind could not separate the fragrance of the Champak flowers. Again the scales, smells, bone creaks, and nightly D visiting voices were porous which never allowed the smells to D rebounce.

Question 8.
What makes the mother “flash” her temper?
Answer:
The flowering Champak trees have severe migraine to the mother with their strong fragrance. It was decided to cut down these trees so as to give a healing touch
to his mother. This makes his mother “flash” her temper, it is because this would disturb the ecology, and her daughter and granddaughters would be deprived of annual flowers.

Question 9.
“But Mother, flashing her temper (like her mother’s twisted silver, grand children’s Knickers wet as the cold pack on her head…”, Explain the comparisons (Similes) in these lines.
Answer:
Grandmother’s silver ornaments, grandchildren’s Knickers, and the wet cold pack on mother’s head herself have some proportions of distortions. When a person gets severely angry he or she looks wry, wreathed, and distorted. Here, the mother’s anger makes her twisted like the things compared above. these lines.

Question 10.
Which stanza do you find the most dramatic in the poem?
Answer:
Stanza 7- “but mother, flashing her temper like her mother’s twisted silver, grand children’s Kunicker’s…..” is found to be dramatic in the poem.

Question 11.
What light does the poem throw on the Mother’s attitude?
Answer:
The mother is entirely aware of ecology which is closely associated with the survival of the animal kingdom. She never wishes and allows the red Champak trees to be cut down in spite of her suffering from severe headaches caused by the strong smell of the flowers of these trees.

Question 12.
How does the speaker’s attitude contrast with that of the mother?
Answer:
The speaker’s attitude was in sharp contrast with that of the mother. The mother wishes for the preservation of the Champak flowers in spite of her terrible suffering from severe migraine caused by the strong smell of the flowers. The speaker, on the other hand, suggested that the trees should be cut down as a remedial measure against his mother’s migraine.

Composition

Question 1.
Examine the appropriateness of the title ‘Ecology’ for the poem.
Answer:
The poem ‘Ecology’ has been composed by A.K… Ramanujan is an eminent and outstanding poet of Anglo-Indian literature. He has composed multifarious volumes of poems. Some of them are ‘Relations’, ‘Second Sight’ etc. Some of the themes of his poetry are fear, despair, the need for familial worth, etc. He provides apt and suggestive titles to his poems. The title ‘Ecology’ of this discussing poem is a typical example of that. It may be a poem, essay, short story, drama, etc. but a suitable and suggestive title automatically drags the attention of the reader and attracts the customers to a shop.

The readers or the customers are automatically mesmerized by it. It makes the reader spelled just like a gorgeous and colorful signboard bound to go through it. Exactly the same has happened in the case of this discussing poem ‘Ecology’ In fact, literally ‘ecology’ means the habitats of living things and their relation to the environment. We always prefer to live in an adequate and good ecology. In this poem, it is used as a contrasting attitude of the mother and the children- towards nature. It highlights the mother’s determination to preserve the Champak trees even though they are the cause of her suffering. However, the poem starts with the narrator’s rage at the advent of the 1st rain.

It has caused the flowering of the three red Champak trees. His rage is due to the sharp and strong, fragrance of the flowers which automatically causes severe migraine in his mother. He is in the mood to cut down. the trees so as to free her from the troubles. But his mother wholeheartedly goes against this decision and is an ardent supporter of ecology. She is well aware of the preservation of trees which are a powerful source of ecological balance. She wants those trees should. be continued in spite of their adverse effect on life.

She does not bother about her migraine. According to her, the felling of trees is anti-ecology. She argues further that despite of all these, the trees provide an annual gift of flowers to her gods, daughters, and granddaughters although they cause a severe migraine to herself. The narrator becomes spellbound by his mother’s assertion about ecology and never proceeds to accept anti¬ ecology. As a matter of fact, judging from all respect, the title of the poem ‘Ecology’ is apt and suggestive. On the other hand, it is inspiring and heart-touching. On the whole, the poet is at his best to provide an apt and suggestive title to the poem.

Question 2.
Read the following poem (‘Night of the Scorpion’) fry Nissim Ezekiels on a similar theme and rate the points of comparison and contrast between ‘Ecology’ and ‘Night.
Answer:
However, A.K. Ramanujan’s ‘Ecology’ and Nissim Ezekiel’s ‘Night of the Scorpion’ have some similar and dissimilar aspects. The poets are having some identical and contrasting features which put these Scorpions’. poems on similar lines.

Points of comparison:
1. Both poems center around one principal character who happens to be a mother.

2. Suffering of the mother is a common feature in both poems. In ‘Ecology’ mother suffers from migraine caused by the strong smell of the Red Champak flowers. Mother wishes to preserve the trees for her children although she suffers, And of a Scorpion’ the sufferin8 of mother has portrayed in the storage vein- The mother suffers from the P0, sonorous stinging of the Scorpion and feels re, axed as the ScorPion has her and has luckily spared her children. The poet depicts the loving heart of a mother for her children.

Points Of Contrast:
There are mothers in both poems, but they are similar but not the same. Mother in ‘Ecology’ and mother in ‘Night of a Scorpion’ is portrayed in slightly different veins
1. Mother in ‘Ecology1 is in favor of providing flowers to her daughters and daughter daughters and is indirectly a staunch supporter of the environment and preservation of natural phenomena. The mother, on the other hand, in ‘Night of Scorpion’ speaks volumes of motherly love and affection for her children.

2. Superstitions beliefs of the villagers and the scientific attitude of the father are just a posed vis-a-vis.
3. Scorpion Stings mother in ‘Night of the Scorpion’ and the Strong smell of the Red Champak trees harms mother’s health causing severe migraine. Both these poems, however, compared and contrasted having a kind of specialty. The two poems bear a mark of likeness and differences, but the play has one thing in common Indianness.

Detailed Summaries

Paraphrase: (Stanzas: 1-2)
Rain comes as usual as a natural process. It provides a special life to dance with joy and joviality. A jovial atmosphere prevails. But this does not happen in the case of the narrator. Rather he is multifarious trees into the first entrance after a long gap. Both plants and human beings are enraged by the advent of rain. It also makes him back home with fury. He guessed that three of their Champak trees had started flowering

(Stanzas: 3-4)
become very beautiful and attractive. They were laden with fresh and delicate flowers which automatically doubled their former beauty. The narrator is not happy at all. These created problems for his mother. The strong fragrance of these flowers brought to her a terrible migraine. It automatically caused painful experiences during the blossoming season. Despite of her suffering/ she had a strong desire to make these flowering trees continue on ecological grounds. But the children were provoked by the presence of such flowers. No wind could separate the heavy hung yellow pollen fog from the Champak to stretching along The three red Champak trees street.

(Stanzas: 5-6)
No door of their black pilloried house could shut out to prevent the sharp and strong smell of the red Champak flowers. The fragrance automatically crept into the room so as not to free herself from the severe migraine she used to suffer due to the deadening smell of these flowers. Scales, bone cracks, smells and nightly voices were porous which never allowed the smell to rebound.

(Stanzas: 7-9)
The poet has used a beautiful comparison. Here the simile is that the mother’s flashing temper against the dangerous proposition of getting rid of the red Champak trees was like his grandmother’s twisted silver and gold. It was also like the children’s knickers. All these ultimately cooled her mother’s head. Her serious disposition was a threat against felling flowering trees, She said that the trees were as old as herself, The tree sprouted from the seed dropped by a passing bird. Hence, the trees were not cut down

(Stanzas: 10-11)
However, the providential dropping of the seed by a passing bird luckily germinated. Gradually, it grew up into a full-grown flowering tree as if to give her Gods, daughters, and daughters, daughters a basketful of annual flowers. They also simultaneously brought the most painful migraine to a line of cousins. All these evoked a special fascination with the flowering red Champak trees. Therefore, the idea of cutting down the trees was ultimately given up.

The Poet :
A.K. Ramanujan (1929-1996) permits his poetry to spring out of “deep inner compulsions”. Fear, despair, and the need for familial warmth are some of the themes of his poetry. His major verse collections are. “The Striders (1966)”, “Relations 1971)”, Selected Poems (1976)” and “Second Sight (1986)”. The Poem

The Poem :
‘Ecology’ expresses the contrasting attitudes of the mother and the children towards nature; it highlights the mother’s determination to preserve the Champak trees even though they are the cause of her suffering.

Ecology Summary in English

Rain comes as Usual as a natural process. It provides a new light to the also overwhelms with joviality and welcomes it wholeheartedly. But such a thing does not happen in the case of the narrator of the poem. He would angrily after the first rain.? Because he could sense it from a distance that their three red Champak trees had pepped multifarious trees of nature. The beautiful and attractive nature not only dances with joy in the coming of the rainy season but the people up int6 a new life- They had 10 stars flowering thereafter.

These fresh flowers caused severe headaches called migraine to his mother. No wind Was able to separate the yellow pollen fog from the fragrance of the flowers of the trees. No door could be shut out from their black pilloried house whose walls could see and hear bone-creaks, nightly visiting voices porous, like them But his mother’s temper which flashed like her twisted silver and grandchildren’s knickers prevented them from cutting down a tree in flower. These trees were as old as herself. The tree gave basketfuls of annual flowers to her daughters and daughter’s daughters. They also simultaneously brought the most painful migraine to a line of cousins of cousins.

Analytica, outlines of the poem

• Rain comes as usual as a natural process.
• It provides a new light to the multifarious trees of nature.
• The beautiful and attractive nature dances with joy.
• It dances with joy by the coming of the rainy season.
• The people also overwhelms with joviality.
• They welcome it wholeheartedly.
• But the narrator does not feel joy.
• He would come angrily after the first rain.
• It is because of the three red Champak trees.
• The trees had pepped into a new life.
• They had to start flowering thereafter.
• These fresh ‘flowers, caused headaches to his mother.
• They caused migraine in his mother.
• No wind was able to separate the yellow pollen fog from the fragrance of the flowers of the trees.
• No door could be shut out from their black pilloried house whose walls could see and hear.
• Scales, smells, bone creaks, and night-visiting voices were porous like them.
• His mother’s temper and grandchildren’s knickers prevented them from cutting down a tree in flower.
• These trees were as old as herself.
• The tree gave basketful of annual flowers to her daughters and daughter’s daughter.
• They also simultaneously brought the most painful’ migraine to a line of cousins.

Meaning of difficult words:

ecology – the study of living things in their surroundings
rage – irritation, strong excited emotion, uncontrollable anger.
Migraine – severe headache
sift – change, here, separate
porous – minute passages, having tiny holes.
scales – small thin flat pieces on the skin as in fish and snakes.
Bone Creaks – sounds made at the bone joints when you move (comparison with the long high noise when a door opens)
flashing – a momentary gleam of light, a sudden burst, a moment, showing something for a short time
twisted – bent in many directions,
providential – foresight, timely care.
dower – gifts, presents on a special occasion.
pollen – fertilizing, dust in flowers, the fine powder produced by flowers which are carried by wind or by insects to other flowers of the same type.

Night Of A Scorpion

Question For Discussion

Question 1.
What happened to the speaker’s mother one night?
Answer:
The speaker’s mother was stung by a scorpion one night.

Question 2.
What made the scorpion venture beneath the sack of rice?
Answer:
The evil scorpion was forced to risk beneath a sack of rice owing to the torrential rain outside.

Question 3.
What did the scorpion do after stinging his father?
Answer:
The scorpion bit the speaker’s mother and all of sudden he disappeared into the rain

Question 4.
What did the villagers do hearing the suffering of the speaker’s mother?
Answer:
The villagers reached there with lanterns and candles in hand and chanted songs to lessen her pain.

Question 5.
What did they say while reciting?
Answer:
They said that the sins of her previous birth might be burned away tonight, her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth, the sums of evils might be balanced in this unreal world and the poison might purify her flesh of desire and spirit of ambition

Question 6.
What did the poet’s father do in such a situation?
Answer:
The poet’s father who was a skeptic and nationalist used powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid, and even poured a little paraffin upon her bitten toe and put a match to it.

Question 7.
Did his mother get any relief there?
Answer:
Yes, his mother’ got’, tremendous relief there. She regained her usual health after twenty hours of treatment

Question 8.
What did his mother say after her recovery from the ‘ sting of the Scorpion?
Answer:
His mother said, “Thank God, the scorpion picked on me and spared my children.” The expression speaks volumes of motherly love for children. Mothers wished to invite any kind of problem for -the safety of their children.

Paraphrase: (Stanza -1)
The narrator of the poem recalls that night. His mother was stung by a scorpion that night. There was heavy rain falling outside. The torrential rain forced the scorpion to crawl into the house under a sack of rice and released poison into his mother’s blood by stinging her toe.

Stanza -2
The dangerous tail of the scorpion parted with its harmful poison into the innocent blood of the speaker’s mother and went out into the rain again. This caused severe pain and his mother suffered from its dangerous spell. The peasants assembled., with their lanterns and candles. They uttered the name of God several times to lessen her pain.

Stanza -3
The village farmers came.to his house with lanterns and candles in hand. They formed shadows which were like bigger scorPion on the walls- They seabed for the scorpion in vain. Because it was not found or had stepped into the rain earlier after stinging his mother’s toe.

Stanza -4
The poison moved upward in mother’s blood with the advance in time. The farmers said their mantras so that the poison might remain stagnant, her previous sins might be burned away the very night, her suffering might decrease the misfortune of her next birth, and the sum of evil might be balanced against the sum of good.

Stanza -5
The village fanners continued so that the poison might purify her flesh of desire and the spirit of ambition, They also sat around mother. The mother sat at the center and they surrounded her on the floor.

Stanza – 6
There earned a peace of understanding on each farmer’s face. The house was crowded with more candles, more lanterns, and more neighbors. There were more and more insects that were attracted by the candle and lantern lights. The rain proved heavier and heavier from time to time. Mother twisted her body in pain on a mat spread on the floor.

Stanza – 7
The speaker’s father was a skeptic and nationalist who did not believe in chanting and used powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid. He also poured a little paraffin on the bitten toe and put a match to it.

Stanza – 8-9
The speaker of the poem watched how his father poured a little paraffin into the bitten toe and put a match to it. The flame went on consuming mother’s flesh. It seemed as if a holy man was performing his rites and sacrifice. After twenty hours the poison was arrested. Mother told and thanked God he have made the scorpion to pick her up and spare her children.

Explanations

Explanation – 1
I remember………………… poison flash,
These lines have been taken from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They speak volumes of the scorpion which ventured into the house. Heavy torrential rain forced it to get into the house creeping under a sack of rice, stinging the mother’s toe, and separating its malicious poison. It again risked into the rain outside

Explanation – 2
Of diabolic…………………………. evil one.
These lines have been extracted from Nissim Ezikiel’s masterpiece ‘Night of the Scorpion’. The poet here tells how the rustic villagers indulge in superstitious ideas at the time when the mother is stung by a scorpion. The scorpion after stinging the mother risked into the rain. Peasants followed thick and fast like swarms of flies and chanted the name of God several times so as to lessen and imitate her pain. This stanza tells about the superstitious belief of the village folk who in spite of taking any medicinal remedial measures, resorted to unscientific approaches to stop the poison from rising in her blood.

Explanation- 3
With candles…………….. their tongues.
These lines comprise a part of the poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezikiel who says that the village people poured in the spot where the speaker’s mother was wreathing in pain. They swarmed the place with their lanterns and candles which cast scorpion-like shadows on the mud-baked wall. They left no stone unturned in searching for the scorpion. But all their endeavor ended in smoke. The poisonous creature was not found as it had fled the place after stinging the speaker’s mother.

They clicked their tongues. Nothing was the result. The stanza gives a realistic picture of village life. When someone is in trouble the whole village responds to it. It stands a sharp contrast to the lifestyle of the city-dwellers who are apathetic’ and un-reciprocal to one another’s weal and woe.

Explanation – 4
With every movement………….they said,
These lines occur in the fourth stanza of Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They speak about the serious approaches of the village peasants to the superstitious ideas which have claimed a very powerful place in making treatments of snake bites and scorpion stinging. The village fanners have gathered around mother who was suffering the pain of the poison released by the scorpion in her blood. They said that with every movement that the scorpion made his poison moved into mother’s blood. They chanted mantras so that he might sit still without moving an inch so that the sins of her previous birth might be burned away the very night, The stanza is a mockery of the unscientific approaches to the treatment of scorpion stingings restored to by the rustic people.

Explanation – 5
May your suffering………..sum of good,
These lines have been extracted from the poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezikiel, a poet of international repute. These lines are a continuation of the previous stanza, The approaches of the treatment still continue in this stanza also. The rural folk resumed their saying so that her suffering might mitigate the misfortunes of her next birth. Here the poet notes the belief of the village people in the next birth or rebirth. They again went on, so that the sum total of evil might be balanced in the unreal world against the sum of good and the pain gets mitigated and lessened.

Explanation – 6
Become diminished…………in the center.
These lines have been brought from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. This part of the poem constitutes the continuity of the previous stanza. The village people went on with their usual chanting so that the poison might purify modifiers flesh of desire and spirit of ambition. They set around on the floor with mother in the center. This part tells about the innocuous approaches of the village people who never allow any ill will or malice towards no one. They are always the well-wishers who never think of any evil.

Explanation – 7
The peace of understanding……………… groaning on a mat.
These lines are taken from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ which gives a realistic picture of the approaches of the village mass when some unnecessary event befalls another. The people ate making a serious treatment of scorpion sting. They muster up around mother and go on chanting ’their usual mantras so as to alleviate her pain. There appears a solemn understanding in each face. The number of people increased from time to time. The people crowded the house with candles and lanterns in their hands. They bring in with them a swarm of insects. Rains assume torrential and heavy With the advance of the night. Mother has no other alternative than twist in pains and pangs.

Explanation – 8
My father……………… match to it.
These lines have been extracted from Nissim Ezikiel’s typical poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They represent a change in the treatment of the scorpion sting. The speaker’s father is a skeptic and rationalist who does not believe in chanting the name Of God in neutralizing the poison of the scorpion. What they believe in is the scientific method. He, therefore, uses powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid on the stung part. He even pours a little paraffin and puts a match on the bitter toe so as to burn away the poison of the scorpion released into her blood.

Night Of A Scorpion Summary in English

The narrator of the poem recalls the night when his mother was stung by a Scorpion. The scorpion had been driven by the torrential rain outside, which forced it to crawl beneath a sack of rice. The diabolic trail of the scorpion. mixed .its poison with mother’s blood and the scorpion itself risked into the rain again.’ Village farmers followed thick and fast in order to cure the mother of the terrible pain she was undergoing at that time and chanted the name of God a number of times so as to neutralize its poison. Everybody searched for the scorpion with the candles and lantern but could, not discover the scorpion.

The farmers started musing so that the sins of her previous birth would be burned away the night, they went on saying that her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth, and they also added that her flesh might. get purified by the poison injected by the scorpion. They also surrounded the speaker’s mother at the center. People reached in large numbers with their lanterns and candles in hand. Mother: was still groaning in pain on a mat The speaker’s father who was a skeptic and rationalist tried ta add power, herb, and hybrid mixture to her stung place. He also paced a little paraffin upon the bitten toe and a match to it. After twenty hours of pain and suffering, the poison was tamed and the mother said nothing but one thing“Thank God, the Scorpion picked on me and spared my children.”

Analytical outlines of the poem:

• The narrator of the poem recalls about one night.
• His mother was stung by a Scorpion that night.
• The scorpion had been driven by the torrential rain outside
• It forced it to crawl beneath a sack of rice.
• The diabolic trail of the scorpion mixed ts Poison with the mother s blood.
• The scorpion itself risked into the rain again
• The village farmer followed thick and fast. in order to cure the mother of the terrible pain
• They chanted the name of God a number of times.
• They did this in order to neutralize its position.
• Everybody searched for the scorpion with the candles and lanterns.
• They could not discover the scorpion
• The farmers started musing.
• The sins of her birth would be turned away the very night.
• Her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth
• They also, that her flash might be purified by the poison injected by the scorpion
• They also surrounded the speaker’s mother at the center.
• People reached large numbers.
• They reached with their lanterns and candles.
• Mother was still groaning in pain on a mat.
• The speaker’s father was a skeptic.
• He was also a rationalist.
• His father tried to add power, herb, and hybrid mixture to her stung place.
• He also poured a little paraffin upon the bitten toe.
• He also put a match to it.
• The poison was tamed after twenty-four hours.
• She suffered from that pain for twenty hours.
• At last, she thanked God.
• She said that the scorpion biting also spared her children.

Read More:

• Ecology Question Answer
• Dog’s Death Question Answer
• The Fog Question Answer
• Girl Lithe and Tawny Question Answer
• Ballad of the Landlord Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text A: The Telephone Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 9 The Telephone Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Telephone Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-1
Text-organization

The following sentences have been removed from the passage. Decide which; paragraph each of them will fit in.
a) The telephone’s actual ring- more perhaps, than any other sound in our daily lives, evokes hope, relief, fear, anxiety, and joy according to our expectations.
b) Or perhaps- again not probably- by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflicts based on voice! contact. It has caused wars.
c) It is small and gentle- relying on how voltage and miniature parts- in times of hugeness and violence.

Answer:
(a) The telephone’s actual ringer more perhaps, than any other sound in our t daily lives, evokes hope, relief, fear, anxiety, joy, according to our expectations. (Paragraph-2)
(b) Or perhaps- again not probably- by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflicts based on voice contact. It has caused wars. (Paragraph-1)
(c) It is small and gentle- relying on how voltage and miniature parts- in times of hugeness and violence. (Paragraph-3)

Activity-2

Understanding The Relation Between The Parts Of The Text:
Complete the sentences below to show your understanding! of how the paragraphs in Text-A are related.
a) The passage as a whole deals with
b) The first paragraph decides
c) In the second the writer tells us about
d) And the concluding paragraph

Answer:
a) The passage as a whole deals with telephones and their uses.
b) The first paragraph decides the Introduction based on cricket.
c) In the second the writer tells us about telephone ringing and its role in hallucination.
d) And the concluding paragraph presents a paradoxical or opposite value.

Activity-3
Comprehension

Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:
Question (a).
Brooks mentions both positive and negative effects of the telephones on our lives. Enumerate the positive effects and the negative „ effects separately.
Answer:
The positive effects mentioned in the passage are:
1. It saves lives by getting rapid ward of illness, injury or famine from remote places.
2. By joining with the elevator, it makes possible the multi story residence or office building.
3. It has made the modem city.
4. It brings about a quantum leap in the speed and ease with information moves from place to place.
5. It accelerates the rate of scientific and technological change and growth in industry.
6. It prevents waging war.

The negative of the telephone are the following:
1. It has crippled the ancient art of letter writing.
2. It has made the waging of war chillingly more efficient.
3. It has extended the scope of human conflicts.
4. It involves personal risk.

Question (b).
How does using the telephone involves personal risk?
Answer:
Using telephone involves a tremendous personal risk because it involves exposure for some to be “hung upon” which happen to be the worst among fears. And some others also dream of a ringing phone and wake up with a heart heavily beating.

Question (c).
A paradox is a seeming contra-diction that is some how true. In what sense is the telephone “a thing of paradox”?
Answer:
Telephone involves contradictory things. It has both the brighter and darker aspect – the positive and negative effects. It is, in one sense, a metaphor for the times that helped to create and in another sense it is their polar opposite.

Extra Activity-3 (A)

Question (a).
In what way does telephone act as a source of active and rapid information?
Answer:
Telephone helps to save lives by obtaining rapid message of illness, injury or famine from distant place.

Question (b).
What does it have do with multi story building?
Answer:
Making conneetion with elevators to. make possible the multistorey buildings- residence or office.

Question (c).
How does it accelerate scientific and technological changes in the industry?
Answer:
A quantum leap in speech and ease has been achieved making information more from place to place. It has greatly accelerated the rate of scientific and technological change and growth in the industry.

Question (d).
How does telephone cripple letter writing?
Answer:
Telephone has crippled the ancient art of letter writing. It makes direct contact ‘ with both the parties at both ends. It marks the spirit of writing one’s mind through letters because it is convenient to establish contact easily and directly. The easy going people resort to the telephone and set aside writing letters.

Activity-4
Understanding The Language Functions

The activity is meant to develop your awareness of the final points of Text-A. Go back to the text after reading each question in the Activity and write your answers.

Question (i).
Brooks uses the first person plural “us” in this except instead of speaking either just about himself or about people in general. Why do you think he does this?
Answer:
The first person narrative is a powerful means of communication that includes people in general and the. another himself. He uses this technique to make communication more effective.

Question (ii).
The essay begins with a question. ’ Would a direct statement be more effective as an introduction? Write a brief justification of your as to this question.
Answer:
Beginning an essay or any other writing makes the literary piece more eye-catching and emphatic. A question sentence at the outset marks prominence and attracts the attention of the readers, Any other statement form wouldn’t have acquired the same effect as a question at the beginning of writing.

Question (iii).
How does the first sentence in paragraph 2 serve as a transition between paragraph-I and 2?
Answer:
Transition implies a change from one condition or set of circumstances to another. The first sentence ¡n paragraph-2 which begins with; “But the question remains unanswered” is quite obvious about the change of immediate context of the previous sentences.

Question (iv).
Identify the phases in the passage that explicitly point to the cause-and-effect connections.
Answer:
(a) Elevator to make possible,
(b) Personal risk because it involves exposure.

Question (v).
Brooks ends this brief introduction to the effect of the telephone with a quotation. Do you think this is an effective conclusion ? Explain.
Answer:
Brooks ends this brief introduction to the effect of the telephone with a quotation, r Using such quotations as a conclusion is likely an effective conclusion

Activity-5
(Understanding the writer’s attitude and, purpose)

Question (a).
Which of the following phrases best expresses Ibe writer’s purpose?
i) It presents objective ‘ information.
ii) to decide a situation and present others’ comment on it.
iii) to persuade the readér that the use of the telephone is an unmixed blessing.
iv) to convince the reader of the Importance of the telephone.
v) to present his personal views is the effects of the telephône.
Answer:
(i) to present objective information.

Question (b).
How would you describe the writer’s attitude towards the telephone? Choose from the following list. critical Indifferent admiring prejudiced approving disapproving condemning.
Answer:
The writer’s attitude is “critical”.

Activity-6
Indicators In Discourse/reference

What do the words ¡n’ italics refer to In the’passage?
a) “…………………….. it uns made possible for better or worse …………………… (lines – 4)
b) “……………………. by so doing, it has played a role…….(lines – 9)
c) it involves exposure ………………………” (lines 2-3)
d) ……………….. in another sense the telephone is their olar opposite.” (lines 3-2) “
Answer:
(a) It = the telephone
(b) so doing = writing letters
(c) it = personal risk
(d) their = the times.

Note
Sentences. in a text do not stand in isolation but -are opposite together with what has gone before and what comes after. One of the important ways in which a writer joins all the sentences together. to make which is one coherent text is a reference. Reference means the use of common words like “he”, “she”, 4bIt. ‘this”, ‘that”, “sà” etc. to refer to people things, or terns of information needlessly; the writer will not repeat a name where “he” or she” will do.

Obviously then to find the meaning of reference word (such as “he” or “she”), it is necessary to, look outside the sentence or the part of the sentence in which it occurs. We have her introduced reference as one of the important ways1 whiçh help tie the text together. Latçr we will look at another important device, of text cohesion, namely, the use of discourse-makers.

Activity-7
Writing A Pamphlet

Write a pamphlet, making an appeal to the people to avoid misusing the telephone. You Cad use the following outlines:
– how some people go on gossiping over the. telephone and keep the lines busy.
– the effects of such irresponsible use of the telephone.
– your suggestions regarding how the misuse of the telephone can be avoided.
– benefits of economical use of the telephone to .oneself and the others.

Answer:
It has become a common feature with some people who go on gossiping over telephones. They consider it as a play thing. They forget that telephone is a means of communication. It acts as a medium for exigencies and messages. Our gossiping over phones is just misusing it. One has just to send messages from a distance. This act of gossiping keeps the lines busy and prevents people with an urgent message from communicating. The lines are engaged and busy. Gossiping without any purpose and pursuit poses two problems.

One financial, the other dislocations. The person who gossips unnecessarily invites unwarranted financial burden to himself and the busy lines owing to his gossip brings about dislocation for others to communicate even urgent messages. An awareness among telephone users is the only powerful way of reducing the instinct for making undue gossips over telephone. Every customer has to be aware of the economical use of the telephone which will enable him to make discreet use’of the telephone. The less you talk, the less you pay. One has to decide what to talk and what to leave out.

The Telephone Summary in English

What does this unit contain?
This unit will present the following four texts, each of them related to some aspects of our living in modern times.
Text-A : The Telephone (John Brooks)
Text-B : Saturday Morning Violence (Nonnanrovisor).
Text-C : New Superstitiohi for old (Margaret Mead).
Text-D : Burnout (A Newspaper article)

The aim of this unit is to help you. practice writing pamphlets and dialogues and develop the following sub-skills of reading:
1. Understanding relations between the parts of a reading text.
2. Recognising indicators in discourse.
3. Understanding the writer’s purpose and attitude; and
4. Identifying the structure of a text in respect of cause-and-effect relationships and the development of arguments.

Section – A
Pre-reading Activity:

The telephone has come almost an indispensable part of modern life. Can you think of three positive effects and three negative effects of the telephone on our lives?

positive effects	Negative effects
1	1
2	2
3	3

Now read the following brief excerpt from the book Telephone the First Hundred Years by John Brook and check whether the writer includes your points about the effects of the telephone on our life.

Text-A
By Johe Brooks Summary
The telephone has saved the lives of people from illness or farming from distance. Joining with the elevator, has made possible the multi-story residence, or office building. It has also made the modern, city possible. It has quickened the rate of scientific and technological changes and growth in the industry. But it has handicapped the ancient art of letter writing. It has played a great role in the social, changes of a country. Waging war has become more efficient for this.

It has also extended the scope of human conflicts since it impartially disseminates the useful knowledge of scientists and the babble of bores, the affection of the affectionate and the malice of the malicious. The use of the telephone also values personal risk for it involves exposure. The telephone is our connecting link with society Marshall Meluhan has said that the telephone creates “a king of extrasensory- perception.”

Analytical outlines of the Text:

• The telephone has saved the life of people.
• It saved people from illness.
• It also saved people from famine from distance.
• They are joined by the elevator.
• It has made possible the multistorey residence or building.
• It has also made the modern city possible.
• It has quickened the rate of scientific changes.
• It has quickened the technology. changes.
• It has also quickened the growth of the industry.
• But it has handicapped the ancient art of letter writing.
• It has played a great role in the social changes of a country.
• Waging war has become more efficient for this.
• It has also extended the scope of human conflicts.
• Since it impartially propagates the useful knowledge of scientists.
• It also propagates the babble of bores.
• It also propagates the affection of the affectionate.
• It also propagates the malice of the malicious.
• The use of telephones also values personal risks.
• It values as it involves exposure.
• The telephone is our connecting link with society.
• Marshal McLuhan has said that the telephone creates, “a kind of extra-sensory perception.”

Meaning of difficult words:
remote – separated, indirect, distant, a long way away.
elevator – a lift in a big building to carry people up and down.
multi-story – many-storeyed, high building with a lot of stories.
quantum leap – a very large improvement
ease – comfort, a happy state of affairs.
accelerated – hasten, the progress of, to increase the speed of, quickened.
crippled – handicapped, disabled, unable to do things.
evanescent – disappear, vanish from sight or memory.
nerve-end – connecting link, bridging gap.
paradox – two apparently contrad¬ictory elements made a paradox of they can be reconceived to give a truth.

Read More:

• Text A: The Telephone Question Answer
• Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Question Answer
• Text C: New Superstitions for Old Question Answer
• Text D: Burnout Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Invitation English Poem Chapter 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Ballad of Father Gilligan Class 12 Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God? What type of man does this prove him to be? (due: his two types of devotion)
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, joy, or peace for attending to the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
How was the night: peaceful and quiet or turbulent and restless? Bring out expressions from the poem to support your answer, (clue: peep, slowly …)
Answer:
The night was peaceful and quiet. The expressions such as ‘peep’, ‘slowly’, ‘shade’, ‘whisper’ and ‘sparrow-chirp’ support our answer.

Question 4.
Why has the night been described so? (clue: the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep)
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 5.
What was the reaction of Father Gilligan when he woke up from his deep sleep? State why he felt so?
Answer:
When he woke up from his sleep, Father Gilligan felt terribly sad, because the sick man he had to attend would be no more.

Question 6.
Bring out the meaning of the expression: “He rode now as he never rode”?
Answer:
The expression ‘He rode now as he never rode’ means Peter Gilligan’s fastest ride ever.

Question 7.
Find the expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care, (clue: at least four expressions).
Answer:
The expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care are “And rode with little care”, “He rode now as he never rode”, “And is the poor man dead ? he cried” and “In grief swayed to and fro.”

Question 8.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father! you come again!’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 9.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 10.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 11.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 12.
There is an implicit comparison between heavenly creatures and bodies (angels, planets etc.), and their tireless movement with an insignificant person (In. 43) on earth and his inaction (sleep, not being able to take care of people in time). Discuss this comparison?
Answer:
This comparison speaks volumes for God’s goodness to all. He maintained a great balance in His creation. The help He bestowed on Peter Gilligan is a case in point.

Question 13.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 14.
Note each stanza has four lines. In stanza 1, ‘day’ in the first line rhymes with ‘lay’ of the fourth line making the rhyme scheme – abed. Find out whether all the stanzas have the same rhyme scheme?
Answer:
All the stanzas have the same rhynie scheme.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Ballad of Father Gilligan Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The poet of the poem “The Ballad of Father Gihigan” is _____________?
(A) T. Eliot
(B) W.B. Yeats
(C) William Wordsworth
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) W.B. Yeats

Question 2.
W.B.Years was born In __________?
(A) 1865
(B) 1869
(C) 1870
(D) 1866
Answer:
(A) 1865

Question 3.
The poem has a ____________?
(A) lyrical form
(B) epic form
(C) ballad form
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) ballad form

Question 4.
The poem talks about ______________?
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all
(B) The world of beauty and romance
(C) The presence of human suffering
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all

Question 5.
The poem illustrates ______________?
(A) God’s everlasting benevolence
(B) God’s punishment for the wrongdoing
(C) God’s compassion
(D) Both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) Both (A) and (C)

Question 6.
Father Gilligan was weary throughout because ____________?
(A) he was old
(B) he was overburdened by his religious duties
(C) his poor folks were dying in large number
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 7.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘under the green sods’ means ____________?
(A) a piece of earth with grass and sods growing in it
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic
(C) church area
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic

Question 8.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘flock’ refers to ___________?
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan
(B) a group of animals
(C) sheep
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan

Question 9.
‘My body spake not I’ means ____________?
(A) he had not grumbled from the heart
(B) his body was extremely tired, so he grumbled
(C) he has become old, so he told like this
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 10.
The poor man sent for Father Gilligan because _____________?
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven
(B) he wanted Father should visit him
(C) he wanted to see father
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven

Question 11.
The Gilligan’s parish were _____________?
(A) toiling in the field
(B) suffering from an epidemic
(C) nodding thier chains
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) suffering from an epidemic

Question 12.
The word ‘flock’ in the context of the poem means _____________?
(A) flock of sheep
(B) sparrows
(C) people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) people in the parish

Question 13.
The expression ‘green sods’ refers to ____________?
(A) graves covered over by green grass
(B) the stars in the sky
(C) the people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) graves covered over by green grass

Question 14.
What is referred to as the ‘moth-hour of eve’?
(A) dawn
(B) noon
(C) evening
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) evening

Question 15.
Father Gilligan did not go to lady’s house because ______________?
(A) she did not play
(B) Father Gilligan was hurry
(C) he was unhappy
(D) he was tired and worry
Answer:
(D) he was tired and worry

Question 16.
People were dying because of ____________?
(A) epidemic
(B) war
(C) civil war
(D) accident
Answer:
(A) epidemic

Question 17.
Mothisa/an ___________?
(A) animal
(B) insect
(C) disease
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) insect

Question 18.
Grieve means ____________?
(A) brief
(B) give
(C) feel intense sorrow
(D) Ail of these
Answer:
(C) feel intense sorrow

Question 19.
Why do you think father was nodding on the chair in evening hour?
(A) for sleeping
(B) to pray
(C) he was tired in the evening
(D) All of these
Answer:
(C) he was tired in the evening

Question 20.
When you were gone he turned and died as merry as a _____________?
(A) angel
(B) priest
(C) bird
(D) feathers
Answer:
(C) bird

Question 21.
Find a word from the extract which means mourn ___________?
(A) sorrow
(B) poor
(C) grieve
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) grieve

Question 22.
What isa ballad?
(A) a narrative poem
(B) a subjective poem
(C) a descriptive poem
(D) a short poem
Answer:
(A) a narrative poem

Question 23.
Why was William Butler Yeats awarded a nobel prize in 1923?
(A) for literature
(B) for draina
(C) for mathematics
(D) for science
Answer:
(A) for literature

Question 24.
Why was the old priest weary day and night?
(A) his services were required more frequently lately
(B) he had a lot of work to do everyday
(C) his parishioners were sick and needed his assistance
(D) he was required to pray day and night
Answer:
(A) his services were required more frequently lately

Question 25.
Who were father Gilligan’s flock?
(A) the sickpeople
(B) the dead
(C) his parishioners
(D) the church attendants
Answer:
(C) his parishioners

Question 26.
How does the father react when another poor man sent for him?
(A) he denied to go
(B) he scolded the messenger
(C) he began to grieve
(D) he started at once
Answer:
(C) he began to grieve

Question 27.
Why did he fall asleep during his prayer?
(A) he did not want to attend the dying man
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed
(C) he wanted to have some rest
(D) he was sick
Answer:
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed

Question 28.
When did the father wake up?
(A) At mid-night
(B) At dawn
(C) In the morning
(D) In the afternoon
Answer:
(B) At dawn

Question 29.
The moths appear on two occasions.What are they?
(A) Dusk and dawn
(B) Morniñg and evening
(C) Evening and afternoon
(D) Night and evening
Answer:
(A) Dusk and dawn

Question 30.
What shows that the father was shocked when he woke up?
(A) He stood upright
(B) He heard the sparrows chirp
(C) He got up with a shock
(D) He started to run
Answer:
(A) He stood upright

Question 31.
Why was the father shocked?
(A) He saw the moths again
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept
(C) He realised that he had not finished his prayer
(D) He realised that he couldn’t attend the sick man
Answer:
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept

Question 32.
Whom did father Gilligan wake up from sleep?
(A) His parishioner
(B) The sick man
(C) His horse
(D) His attendant
Answer:
(C) His horse

Question 33.
Why did father Gilligan ride with less care?
(A) He didn’t know how to ride a horse
(B) He was in a hurry
(C) His horse was very reliable
(D) He was worried about the man
Answer:
(D) He was worried about the man

Question 34.
What does “He rode as he never rode, by the rocky lane and fen” convey?
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners
(B) Father Gilligan’s reckless riding
(C) Father Gilligan’s carefreeness
(D) Father Gilligan had lost interest in living
Answer:
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners

Question 35.
Who opened the door?
(A) The sick man
(B) The father
(C) An old man
(D) The sick mans wife
Answer:
(D) The sick mans wife

Question 36.
Why was the sick man’s wife surprised to see the father?
(A) She didn’t expect him to come so early
(B) The poor man had already died
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals
(D) The father looked weary
Answer:
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals

Question 37.
What did the father ask to the sick man’s wife?
(A) Was the man dead
(B) Was the man doing well
(C) Was the man recovering
(D) Was the man stîli alive
Answer:
(A) Was the man dead

Question 38.
The sièk man’s wife said that her husband has died ____________?
(A) half an hour ago
(B) the previous night
(C) few minutes ago
(D) an hour ago
Answer:
(D) an hour ago

Question 39.
Why did the old priest sway in grief?
(A) He couldn’t reach earlier
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty
(C) He couldn’t save the man
(D) He couldn’t see the dead man
Answer:
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty

Question 40.
What did the poor man’s wife say to the priest?
(A) The man was in p4in at the time of his death
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone
(C) The man wanted to see the father in his last moments
(D) The man was happy when be died_____
Answer:
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God ? What type of man does this prove him to be?
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, nor joy, nor peace for attending the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken out these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
Why has the night been described so?
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 4.
Why was Father Gilligan weary?
Answer:
Peter Gilligan was a priest who was called Father. He had to perform the religious rites of the church. He was weary because half of his parishioners were either in their sick bed or in their graves. As a priest he had to attend his parishioners.

Question 5.
Why did Peter Gilligan beg God’s forgiveness?
Answer:
The priest begged God’s forgiveness for he had said that he was deprived of rest, joy and peace for his constant presence near his flocks who were already dead. He justifies his errant words by saying that his spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak.

Question 6.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father ! you come again !’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 7.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 8.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 9.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 10.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 11.
Why did Father Gilligan sway to and fro?
Answer:
Father came to know from the sick man’s wife that the man passed away at night. At this Father Gilligan was in deep grief and swayed to and fro.

Question 12.
Why did the priest ride with little care?
Answer:
The priest was respondent for neglecting his duty to offer final communion to the sick man. So he rode recklessly to the sick man’s house without caring the hurdles on the way.

Question 13.
How did Father Gilligan react when he woke up from his deep sleep?
Answer:
Father Gilligan woke up from his deep sleep in the moth hour. He was horrified by the fact that he failed to perform his priestly duties to the sick man.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-4)
The old ……………………………………………………… to peep.
Peter Gilligan, the old priest, was tired of attending to the sick men of his parish night and day. One evening, while he was resting on a chair, a poor man sent for him. He began to whimper against overwork. Being old, he was unable to keep pace with the present work of praying for the growing number of sick persons in his parish. But in the next moment, he repented for the complaint and asked for God’s forgiveness. While praying on the chair, he fell asleep. Evening came. Stars in multitude were visible in the sky.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜଣେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଏବଂ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ସେବା କରି କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଦିନେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଗୃହରୁ ଡାକରା ଆସିଲା । ସେ ଅଧ୍ବକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଭାର ହେତୁ ବିରକ୍ତି ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ବୁଢ଼ା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିବାରୁ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ପର ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପାଇଁ ଅନତାପ କଲେ ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ କ୍ଷମାପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଗଲା । ଆକାଶରେ ଅସଂଖ ତାରା ଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ହେଲେ ।

Glossary
priest : a person who performs religious rites of the church
weary : tired (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ)
his flock : members of his parish (ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଲୋକ)
sods : upper strata of grasslands (ଘାସଚେକା )
nodded : relaxed (ମସ୍ତକ ଅବନତ କରି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରିବା, ତନ୍ଦ୍ରାଚ୍ଛନ୍ନ ହେବା )
moth-hour of eve : the time just before the evening when moths come out (ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଠିକ୍)
grieve : regret (ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା)
rest : ବିଶ୍ରାମ
peace : ଶାନ୍ତି
forgive : excuse (କ୍ଷମା କରିବା )
My body spake, not I : He had spoken out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This reminds us of the words which Jesus said when he found Peter sleeping, St. Matthew Ch. XXVI Verse 41, ‘The spirit is willing enough, but the flesh is weak.’ Gilligan’s full name is ‘Peter Gilligan’. Peter is from the Greek ‘Petros’ which means stone or rock.
knelt : ଆଣ୍ଠୁଗଣ୍ଠି
leaned : ଆଉଜି ପଡ଼ିଲେ
the moth-hour went : ଗୋଧୁଳି ସମୟ ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ
peeped : came into view (ଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ଆସିଲା)

Stanza – 5
They slowly………………………………………….. to mankind
More and more stars began to twinkle in the sky. There was darkness all around. Silence spread everywhere. Leaves shook in the wind. God spoke softly to mankind.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଆକାଶରେ ଅଧିକସଂଖ୍ୟକ ତାରା ଆଖିମିଟିକା ମାରିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ । ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ଛାଇଗଲା । ସବୁଆଡ଼େ ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତା । ପବନରେ ପତ୍ରସବୁ ହଲୁଥିଲା । ଭଗବାନ ଯେପରି ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ମାନବଜାତି ସହିତ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଉଥିଲେ ।

Glossary
They : (here) the stars (ତାରକାରାଜି )
millions grew : many more stars appeared in the sky (ଆବିର୍ଭାବ ହେଲା)
shook : rustled ( ହଲୁଥିଲା )
And God … mankind : God covered the world with darkness and spoke softly to the mankind. ( ଭଗବାନ ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମଣିଷ ଜାତିକୁ)
shade : ଛାଇ
whispered : ଚୁପ୍‌ଚୁପ୍ କରି କହିଲେ
mankind : ମାନବଜାତି

Stanza – (6-8)
Upon the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. come again !’.
The sparrows began to chirp before the dawn cracked. Suddenly Gilligan woke up from his sleep. He remembered the poor man of the evening. His heart was filled with grief to think that the man had died while he slept on the chair. Father Gilligan rode as fast as he could to the sick man’s house by narrow road and marshy land. The astonishment of the sick man’s wife knew no bounds to see the priest.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସକାଳ ହେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଘରଚଟିଆମାନେ ରାବିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲେ । ହଠାତ୍‌ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟିର କଥା ସେ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ । ସେ ଚେୟାର୍‌ରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥବ ବୋଲି ଭାବି ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଦୁଃଖ ଭରିଗଲା । ସେ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚଢ଼ି ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଅଣଓସାରିଆ ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ରାସ୍ତା ଦେଇ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟି ଘର ଆଡ଼କୁ ଚାଲିଲେ । ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖ୍ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟିର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟର ସୀମା ରହିଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Glossary
the time of sparrow-chirp : the time before (sunrise) when sparrows (small birds) come out and began to chirp (sing)
When …. more : It was evening, after sunset when Gilligan sat dozing on a chair. A little after that he got up, knelt and prayed; but while praying he fell asleep. When he woke up from sleep it was dawn again (the faint light before sunrise).
stood upright : sprang up suddenly awakened from sleep torn by his own conscience (ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିବା)
Mavrone ! : (Irish) little mother : Mary, mother of Jesus Christ addressed affectionately (ଯୀଶୁଙ୍କର) ମା)
Mavrone. mavrone! : a cry of grief (ଦୁଃଖଦ କାନ୍ଦଣା)
roused : wakened (ନିଦରୁ ଉଠେଇଲେ )
He rode …. rode : Peter GiiJian rode too fast for the first time.
lane and fen : narrow road and marshy land (ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ଜମି )
‘Father ‘ again !‘: Gilligan is surprised to hear the words spoken by the sick man’s wife because he had not gone there before

Stanza – (9-12)
‘And is ……………………………………………………………………………… a chair.’
The sick man’s wife conveyed the priest about his (the sick man’s) death. He died merrily an hour ago just after the priest had gone. Gilligan reacted in wonder and disbelief. Peter Gilligan understood that God had sent one of His angels in his guise to pray for the dying man. He prayed to God in gratitude. Peter badly needed rest for he was faithful and dutiful. God, the Maker of the vast universe, had not forgotten even the humblest creatures like him in the cosmic universe.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥିବା କଥା ତା’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପାଦ୍ରୀକୁ ଜଣାଇଦେଲେ । ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଫେରିଯିବା ପରେ ପରେ ଶାନ୍ତିରେ ମରିଥିଲା । ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିସ୍ମୟ ଓ ଅବିଶ୍ଵାସରେ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ ବୁଝିପାରିଲେ ଯେ ଭଗବାନ ତା’ ବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁମୁଖରେ ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ଲୋକଟି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଜଣାଇ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପିଟର ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଦରକାର କରୁଥିଲେ । ବିଶାଳ ବିଶ୍ବର ନିର୍ମାତା ତା’ଭଳି ନଗଣ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଭୁଲି ଯାଇନଥିବାରୁ ଆତ୍ମସନ୍ତୋଷ ଲାଭ କଲେ ।

Glossary
grief : sadness (ଦୁଖ)
swayed to and fro : moved from side to side, here Gilligan filled with repentance
When word: The delicate: introduction of the; supernatural power which is one of the characteristic of a ballad.
merry : glad (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
he knelt him : he knelt (ସେ ଆଣ୍ଠୁମାଡ଼ି)
tire and bleed : tired of life and work
wrapped in purple robes : God who is all merciful
planets : the whole universe (ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ବ)
least of things : the humblest being. Father Gilligan

Introducing the Poet
W. B. Yeats (1865-1939) was both a romantic and a modem poet. His early work was full of melody and decoration. It was full of luscious poetry in the romantic or late- romantic mould. His name is closely linked with the Irish Literary Movement. He is generally considered the greatest twentieth century poet in English language. Few poets have celebrated the beauty of woman as splendidly as Yeats has. His poetic career brings out a contrast between the early Yeats and the later Yeats. The former wrote of dreams, and the later of harsh reality. There is rich colouring and symbolism in his poetry. He has own vision of man and the world.

About the Poem
The poem was written at a time when the members were dying everyday in large numbers. Father Gilligan, the old priest of the parish, had to pray for the dying beside their death beds. This legendary tale about Father Gilligan has been told in verse. In other words, it is a ballad in a full measure.

Summary
The poem begins with the tired old priest, Peter Gilligan attending to the dying members of his parish round the clock. It is his duty to pray for them who are dying in large numbers. Evening sets in. Sorely tired, the Father Gilligan is old and weak. He grumbles against overwork. “I have no rest, nor joy, nor peace For people die and die.” But he is in his own elements in a flash. Dutiful priest as he is, he repents. He kneels, and leans on the chair and prays for God’s forgiveness. A tired soul, the priest, while praying sinks into a deep sleep on the chair. Evening leaks away. More and more stars begin to twinkle in the sky. Leaves rustle. The whole world plunges into darkness. Silence reigns everywhere. God whispers to mankind in the absolute calm and still of night. Tom by conscience, the priest springs up straight rousing from sleep. His sorrow knows no bound. “Mavrone, mavrone ! the man had died While / slept on the chair.” The poor man on that evening haunts him. Bitten by guilt, the priest breathlessly rides to the sick man’s house. The sick man’s wife opens the door and is surprised to see the priest again. ‘‘Father! you come again!” He comes to know about the death of the sick man. Father is grief-stricken. He becomes speechless in disbelief when he is told that the man died merrily an hour ago, after he (the priest) had departed. The ways of God begin to unfold before him. He realizes that God had sent one of his angels in his guise to attend to the sick man. His heart is filled with wonder and gratitude for God’s kindness of substituting one of his angels for him. God is all merciful. He has taken care of the humblest creature like him in His vast universe. Father Gilligan is lost in his unflinching love of God.
Moral: God never fails those who unflinchingly serve his fellowmen.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ଆମେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଉ ବୃଦ୍ଧ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେଙ୍କୁ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ମୁମୂର୍ଷୁମାନଙ୍କର ଦିନରାତି ସେବାକରି ସେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କବଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମାର ସଦ୍‌ଗତି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବା ତାଙ୍କର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଛି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବା ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ମସ୍ତକ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତିରେ ନଇଁପଡ଼ିଛି । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ସେବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ ଆସିଛି । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଯେତେ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ସମ୍ଭବ ତଦପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧ‌ିକ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରି ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ସ୍ବରରେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି ‘ମୋର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନାହିଁ, ନାହିଁ ଆନନ୍ଦ, ନାହିଁ ଶାନ୍ତି କାରଣ ଲୋକମାନେ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ଓ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ।’’ ହଠାତ୍ ସେ ଆତ୍ମସଚେତନ ହେଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ସହସା ଏକ ଦିଗ୍ରୀ ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛି । ସେ ଜଣେ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଏଭଳି ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଠିକ୍ ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଅନୁତାପ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ଝୁଙ୍କିପଡ଼ି ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଷମା କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ସେ କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଖୁବ୍‌ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବା ସମୟରେ ସେହି ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ସେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ଆକାଶରେ କ୍ରମେ ଗୋଟି ଗୋଟି ହୋଇ ଅନେକ ତାରା ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ସମଗ୍ର ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ଉପରକୁ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ମାଡ଼ିଆସିଛି। ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ନୀରବତା ବିଦ୍ୟମାନ ହୋଇଛି । ନିଥର ରାତ୍ରିର ନିସ୍ତବ୍‌ଧତା ଭିତରେ ଭଗବାନ ସତେ ଯେପରି ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମାନବଜାତିକୁ ଗୋପନ କଥା କହନ୍ତି । ସୁପ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବିବେକର ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍‌ ଚେଇଁ ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗପଡ଼ି ସେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି …. ‘ମୁଁ ଚେୟାରରେ ଶୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ।’’ସେଦିନ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ଯେଉଁ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଡାକରା ଆସିଥିଲା, ତା’ କଥା ଚିନ୍ତାକରି ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଅଣନିଃଶ୍ଵାସୀ ହୋଇ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ବସି ସେହି ରୋଗୀର ଘରକୁ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେହି ଲୋକର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କବାଟ ଖୋଲିଛି, ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ପୁଣି ଥରେ ଦେଖୁ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇ କହିଲା…………..‘ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବାବା ! ଆପଣ ପୁଣି ଆସିଛନ୍ତି !’’ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ସେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ସେ (ପାତ୍ରୀ) ଚାଲିଯିବାର ଠିକ୍ ପରେ ପରେ ଏଇମାତ୍ର ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ଆଗରୁ ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି; କାରଣ ସେ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଆସି ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ନିର୍ବାକ୍ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି; କିନ୍ତୁ କ୍ରମେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର କରୁଣାର ରହସ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ଉନ୍ମୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ତାଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ଜାଣି ଭଗବାନ ରୋଗୀର ଶୁଶ୍ରୂଷା ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କର (ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର) ଛଦ୍ମବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତର କୃତଜ୍ଞତାରେ ଭରିଯାଇଛି । ଏହି ବିଶାଳ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଜଣେ ନଗଣ୍ୟ ମଣିଷର ଯତ୍ନ ନେବାକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ଭଗବାନ ଭୁଲି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଗଭୀର ଭଗବତ୍ ପ୍ରୀତିରେ ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଆତ୍ମହରା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି।

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