Class 11

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 1 Ecology Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Poem Chapter 1 Ecology Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Ecology Class 11 Questions and Answers

Pre-reading Activity,
The poem you will read presently has the title ‘Ecology’. What does Ecology mean? If you aren’t sure of its meaning, look it up in the glossary following the text of the poem and write its meaning here. Can you now guess what the poem would aim to tell the reader? Write your guess here.

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What story does the poem tell us?
Answer:
The poem tells us about saving the ‘ecology’ of Nature. In spite of the recurring migraine of his mother and a line of cousins every year during the flowering season, she was out of temper with a thought of others as to felling the flowering trees.

Question 2.
What is its theme?
Answer:
Its theme is to, help save the environment in the way of saving trees, Therefore, it contributes a lot to the survival of a good environment.

Question 3.
When does the speaker come home in a rage and why?
Answer:
The speaker comes home in a rage when their three red Champak trees start flowering after the first rain. He gets irritated because of the advent of the Champak flowers. causes a pathetic experience for him. It is because they cause a severe migraine in his mother.

Question 4.
How does the poet describe the fragrance of the Champak flowers?
Answer:
The fragrance of the Champak flowers is very sharp and strong. Hence, too much fragrance and smell cause a pinching effect on his mother’s head and automatically causes migraine. No wind could separate the fragrance of a heavy hung yellow pollen fog of a flower.

Question 5.
How are the walls of the black pilloried house .described ‘?
Answer:
However, the poet has personified the walls of the black pilloried house. So, the walls of the black pilloried house are described to have eyes and ears.

Question 6.
When the speaker says “had gone it again” (Stanza-2), what D is its effect? Does this expression convey approval or disapproval?
Answer:
The speaker says it when he comes home in a rage. Its effect is the mother flashing her temper. The expression conveys a sense of disapproval.

Question 7.
How are the words “sift” and “porous” related? What purpose do they serve in the poem?
Answer:
“Sift” means ‘separate’ and “porous” means something having tiny holes. The wind could not separate the fragrance of the Champak flowers. Again the scales, smells, bone creaks, and nightly D visiting voices were porous which never allowed the smells to D rebounce.

Question 8.
What makes the mother “flash” her temper?
Answer:
The flowering Champak trees have severe migraine to the mother with their strong fragrance. It was decided to cut down these trees so as to give a healing touch
to his mother. This makes his mother “flash” her temper, it is because this would disturb the ecology, and her daughter and granddaughters would be deprived of annual flowers.

Question 9.
“But Mother, flashing her temper (like her mother’s twisted silver, grand children’s Knickers wet as the cold pack on her head…”, Explain the comparisons (Similes) in these lines.
Answer:
Grandmother’s silver ornaments, grandchildren’s Knickers, and the wet cold pack on mother’s head herself have some proportions of distortions. When a person gets severely angry he or she looks wry, wreathed, and distorted. Here, the mother’s anger makes her twisted like the things compared above. these lines.

Question 10.
Which stanza do you find the most dramatic in the poem?
Answer:
Stanza 7- “but mother, flashing her temper like her mother’s twisted silver, grand children’s Kunicker’s…..” is found to be dramatic in the poem.

Question 11.
What light does the poem throw on the Mother’s attitude?
Answer:
The mother is entirely aware of ecology which is closely associated with the survival of the animal kingdom. She never wishes and allows the red Champak trees to be cut down in spite of her suffering from severe headaches caused by the strong smell of the flowers of these trees.

Question 12.
How does the speaker’s attitude contrast with that of the mother?
Answer:
The speaker’s attitude was in sharp contrast with that of the mother. The mother wishes for the preservation of the Champak flowers in spite of her terrible suffering from severe migraine caused by the strong smell of the flowers. The speaker, on the other hand, suggested that the trees should be cut down as a remedial measure against his mother’s migraine.

Composition

Question 1.
Examine the appropriateness of the title ‘Ecology’ for the poem.
Answer:
The poem ‘Ecology’ has been composed by A.K… Ramanujan is an eminent and outstanding poet of Anglo-Indian literature. He has composed multifarious volumes of poems. Some of them are ‘Relations’, ‘Second Sight’ etc. Some of the themes of his poetry are fear, despair, the need for familial worth, etc. He provides apt and suggestive titles to his poems. The title ‘Ecology’ of this discussing poem is a typical example of that. It may be a poem, essay, short story, drama, etc. but a suitable and suggestive title automatically drags the attention of the reader and attracts the customers to a shop.

The readers or the customers are automatically mesmerized by it. It makes the reader spelled just like a gorgeous and colorful signboard bound to go through it. Exactly the same has happened in the case of this discussing poem ‘Ecology’ In fact, literally ‘ecology’ means the habitats of living things and their relation to the environment. We always prefer to live in an adequate and good ecology. In this poem, it is used as a contrasting attitude of the mother and the children- towards nature. It highlights the mother’s determination to preserve the Champak trees even though they are the cause of her suffering. However, the poem starts with the narrator’s rage at the advent of the 1st rain.

It has caused the flowering of the three red Champak trees. His rage is due to the sharp and strong, fragrance of the flowers which automatically causes severe migraine in his mother. He is in the mood to cut down. the trees so as to free her from the troubles. But his mother wholeheartedly goes against this decision and is an ardent supporter of ecology. She is well aware of the preservation of trees which are a powerful source of ecological balance. She wants those trees should. be continued in spite of their adverse effect on life.

She does not bother about her migraine. According to her, the felling of trees is anti-ecology. She argues further that despite of all these, the trees provide an annual gift of flowers to her gods, daughters, and granddaughters although they cause a severe migraine to herself. The narrator becomes spellbound by his mother’s assertion about ecology and never proceeds to accept anti¬ ecology. As a matter of fact, judging from all respect, the title of the poem ‘Ecology’ is apt and suggestive. On the other hand, it is inspiring and heart-touching. On the whole, the poet is at his best to provide an apt and suggestive title to the poem.

Question 2.
Read the following poem (‘Night of the Scorpion’) fry Nissim Ezekiels on a similar theme and rate the points of comparison and contrast between ‘Ecology’ and ‘Night.
Answer:
However, A.K. Ramanujan’s ‘Ecology’ and Nissim Ezekiel’s ‘Night of the Scorpion’ have some similar and dissimilar aspects. The poets are having some identical and contrasting features which put these Scorpions’. poems on similar lines.

Points of comparison:
1. Both poems center around one principal character who happens to be a mother.

2. Suffering of the mother is a common feature in both poems. In ‘Ecology’ mother suffers from migraine caused by the strong smell of the Red Champak flowers. Mother wishes to preserve the trees for her children although she suffers, And of a Scorpion’ the sufferin8 of mother has portrayed in the storage vein- The mother suffers from the P0, sonorous stinging of the Scorpion and feels re, axed as the ScorPion has her and has luckily spared her children. The poet depicts the loving heart of a mother for her children.

Points Of Contrast:
There are mothers in both poems, but they are similar but not the same. Mother in ‘Ecology’ and mother in ‘Night of a Scorpion’ is portrayed in slightly different veins
1. Mother in ‘Ecology1 is in favor of providing flowers to her daughters and daughter daughters and is indirectly a staunch supporter of the environment and preservation of natural phenomena. The mother, on the other hand, in ‘Night of Scorpion’ speaks volumes of motherly love and affection for her children.

2. Superstitions beliefs of the villagers and the scientific attitude of the father are just a posed vis-a-vis.
3. Scorpion Stings mother in ‘Night of the Scorpion’ and the Strong smell of the Red Champak trees harms mother’s health causing severe migraine. Both these poems, however, compared and contrasted having a kind of specialty. The two poems bear a mark of likeness and differences, but the play has one thing in common Indianness.

Detailed Summaries

Paraphrase: (Stanzas: 1-2)
Rain comes as usual as a natural process. It provides a special life to dance with joy and joviality. A jovial atmosphere prevails. But this does not happen in the case of the narrator. Rather he is multifarious trees into the first entrance after a long gap. Both plants and human beings are enraged by the advent of rain. It also makes him back home with fury. He guessed that three of their Champak trees had started flowering

(Stanzas: 3-4)
become very beautiful and attractive. They were laden with fresh and delicate flowers which automatically doubled their former beauty. The narrator is not happy at all. These created problems for his mother. The strong fragrance of these flowers brought to her a terrible migraine. It automatically caused painful experiences during the blossoming season. Despite of her suffering/ she had a strong desire to make these flowering trees continue on ecological grounds. But the children were provoked by the presence of such flowers. No wind could separate the heavy hung yellow pollen fog from the Champak to stretching along The three red Champak trees street.

(Stanzas: 5-6)
No door of their black pilloried house could shut out to prevent the sharp and strong smell of the red Champak flowers. The fragrance automatically crept into the room so as not to free herself from the severe migraine she used to suffer due to the deadening smell of these flowers. Scales, bone cracks, smells and nightly voices were porous which never allowed the smell to rebound.

(Stanzas: 7-9)
The poet has used a beautiful comparison. Here the simile is that the mother’s flashing temper against the dangerous proposition of getting rid of the red Champak trees was like his grandmother’s twisted silver and gold. It was also like the children’s knickers. All these ultimately cooled her mother’s head. Her serious disposition was a threat against felling flowering trees, She said that the trees were as old as herself, The tree sprouted from the seed dropped by a passing bird. Hence, the trees were not cut down

(Stanzas: 10-11)
However, the providential dropping of the seed by a passing bird luckily germinated. Gradually, it grew up into a full-grown flowering tree as if to give her Gods, daughters, and daughters, daughters a basketful of annual flowers. They also simultaneously brought the most painful migraine to a line of cousins. All these evoked a special fascination with the flowering red Champak trees. Therefore, the idea of cutting down the trees was ultimately given up.

The Poet :
A.K. Ramanujan (1929-1996) permits his poetry to spring out of “deep inner compulsions”. Fear, despair, and the need for familial warmth are some of the themes of his poetry. His major verse collections are. “The Striders (1966)”, “Relations 1971)”, Selected Poems (1976)” and “Second Sight (1986)”. The Poem

The Poem :
‘Ecology’ expresses the contrasting attitudes of the mother and the children towards nature; it highlights the mother’s determination to preserve the Champak trees even though they are the cause of her suffering.

Ecology Summary in English

Rain comes as Usual as a natural process. It provides a new light to the also overwhelms with joviality and welcomes it wholeheartedly. But such a thing does not happen in the case of the narrator of the poem. He would angrily after the first rain.? Because he could sense it from a distance that their three red Champak trees had pepped multifarious trees of nature. The beautiful and attractive nature not only dances with joy in the coming of the rainy season but the people up int6 a new life- They had 10 stars flowering thereafter.

These fresh flowers caused severe headaches called migraine to his mother. No wind Was able to separate the yellow pollen fog from the fragrance of the flowers of the trees. No door could be shut out from their black pilloried house whose walls could see and hear bone-creaks, nightly visiting voices porous, like them But his mother’s temper which flashed like her twisted silver and grandchildren’s knickers prevented them from cutting down a tree in flower. These trees were as old as herself. The tree gave basketfuls of annual flowers to her daughters and daughter’s daughters. They also simultaneously brought the most painful migraine to a line of cousins of cousins.

Analytica, outlines of the poem

• Rain comes as usual as a natural process.
• It provides a new light to the multifarious trees of nature.
• The beautiful and attractive nature dances with joy.
• It dances with joy by the coming of the rainy season.
• The people also overwhelms with joviality.
• They welcome it wholeheartedly.
• But the narrator does not feel joy.
• He would come angrily after the first rain.
• It is because of the three red Champak trees.
• The trees had pepped into a new life.
• They had to start flowering thereafter.
• These fresh ‘flowers, caused headaches to his mother.
• They caused migraine in his mother.
• No wind was able to separate the yellow pollen fog from the fragrance of the flowers of the trees.
• No door could be shut out from their black pilloried house whose walls could see and hear.
• Scales, smells, bone creaks, and night-visiting voices were porous like them.
• His mother’s temper and grandchildren’s knickers prevented them from cutting down a tree in flower.
• These trees were as old as herself.
• The tree gave basketful of annual flowers to her daughters and daughter’s daughter.
• They also simultaneously brought the most painful’ migraine to a line of cousins.

Meaning of difficult words:

ecology – the study of living things in their surroundings
rage – irritation, strong excited emotion, uncontrollable anger.
Migraine – severe headache
sift – change, here, separate
porous – minute passages, having tiny holes.
scales – small thin flat pieces on the skin as in fish and snakes.
Bone Creaks – sounds made at the bone joints when you move (comparison with the long high noise when a door opens)
flashing – a momentary gleam of light, a sudden burst, a moment, showing something for a short time
twisted – bent in many directions,
providential – foresight, timely care.
dower – gifts, presents on a special occasion.
pollen – fertilizing, dust in flowers, the fine powder produced by flowers which are carried by wind or by insects to other flowers of the same type.

Night Of A Scorpion

Question For Discussion

Question 1.
What happened to the speaker’s mother one night?
Answer:
The speaker’s mother was stung by a scorpion one night.

Question 2.
What made the scorpion venture beneath the sack of rice?
Answer:
The evil scorpion was forced to risk beneath a sack of rice owing to the torrential rain outside.

Question 3.
What did the scorpion do after stinging his father?
Answer:
The scorpion bit the speaker’s mother and all of sudden he disappeared into the rain

Question 4.
What did the villagers do hearing the suffering of the speaker’s mother?
Answer:
The villagers reached there with lanterns and candles in hand and chanted songs to lessen her pain.

Question 5.
What did they say while reciting?
Answer:
They said that the sins of her previous birth might be burned away tonight, her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth, the sums of evils might be balanced in this unreal world and the poison might purify her flesh of desire and spirit of ambition

Question 6.
What did the poet’s father do in such a situation?
Answer:
The poet’s father who was a skeptic and nationalist used powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid, and even poured a little paraffin upon her bitten toe and put a match to it.

Question 7.
Did his mother get any relief there?
Answer:
Yes, his mother’ got’, tremendous relief there. She regained her usual health after twenty hours of treatment

Question 8.
What did his mother say after her recovery from the ‘ sting of the Scorpion?
Answer:
His mother said, “Thank God, the scorpion picked on me and spared my children.” The expression speaks volumes of motherly love for children. Mothers wished to invite any kind of problem for -the safety of their children.

Paraphrase: (Stanza -1)
The narrator of the poem recalls that night. His mother was stung by a scorpion that night. There was heavy rain falling outside. The torrential rain forced the scorpion to crawl into the house under a sack of rice and released poison into his mother’s blood by stinging her toe.

Stanza -2
The dangerous tail of the scorpion parted with its harmful poison into the innocent blood of the speaker’s mother and went out into the rain again. This caused severe pain and his mother suffered from its dangerous spell. The peasants assembled., with their lanterns and candles. They uttered the name of God several times to lessen her pain.

Stanza -3
The village farmers came.to his house with lanterns and candles in hand. They formed shadows which were like bigger scorPion on the walls- They seabed for the scorpion in vain. Because it was not found or had stepped into the rain earlier after stinging his mother’s toe.

Stanza -4
The poison moved upward in mother’s blood with the advance in time. The farmers said their mantras so that the poison might remain stagnant, her previous sins might be burned away the very night, her suffering might decrease the misfortune of her next birth, and the sum of evil might be balanced against the sum of good.

Stanza -5
The village fanners continued so that the poison might purify her flesh of desire and the spirit of ambition, They also sat around mother. The mother sat at the center and they surrounded her on the floor.

Stanza – 6
There earned a peace of understanding on each farmer’s face. The house was crowded with more candles, more lanterns, and more neighbors. There were more and more insects that were attracted by the candle and lantern lights. The rain proved heavier and heavier from time to time. Mother twisted her body in pain on a mat spread on the floor.

Stanza – 7
The speaker’s father was a skeptic and nationalist who did not believe in chanting and used powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid. He also poured a little paraffin on the bitten toe and put a match to it.

Stanza – 8-9
The speaker of the poem watched how his father poured a little paraffin into the bitten toe and put a match to it. The flame went on consuming mother’s flesh. It seemed as if a holy man was performing his rites and sacrifice. After twenty hours the poison was arrested. Mother told and thanked God he have made the scorpion to pick her up and spare her children.

Explanations

Explanation – 1
I remember………………… poison flash,
These lines have been taken from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They speak volumes of the scorpion which ventured into the house. Heavy torrential rain forced it to get into the house creeping under a sack of rice, stinging the mother’s toe, and separating its malicious poison. It again risked into the rain outside

Explanation – 2
Of diabolic…………………………. evil one.
These lines have been extracted from Nissim Ezikiel’s masterpiece ‘Night of the Scorpion’. The poet here tells how the rustic villagers indulge in superstitious ideas at the time when the mother is stung by a scorpion. The scorpion after stinging the mother risked into the rain. Peasants followed thick and fast like swarms of flies and chanted the name of God several times so as to lessen and imitate her pain. This stanza tells about the superstitious belief of the village folk who in spite of taking any medicinal remedial measures, resorted to unscientific approaches to stop the poison from rising in her blood.

Explanation- 3
With candles…………….. their tongues.
These lines comprise a part of the poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezikiel who says that the village people poured in the spot where the speaker’s mother was wreathing in pain. They swarmed the place with their lanterns and candles which cast scorpion-like shadows on the mud-baked wall. They left no stone unturned in searching for the scorpion. But all their endeavor ended in smoke. The poisonous creature was not found as it had fled the place after stinging the speaker’s mother.

They clicked their tongues. Nothing was the result. The stanza gives a realistic picture of village life. When someone is in trouble the whole village responds to it. It stands a sharp contrast to the lifestyle of the city-dwellers who are apathetic’ and un-reciprocal to one another’s weal and woe.

Explanation – 4
With every movement………….they said,
These lines occur in the fourth stanza of Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They speak about the serious approaches of the village peasants to the superstitious ideas which have claimed a very powerful place in making treatments of snake bites and scorpion stinging. The village fanners have gathered around mother who was suffering the pain of the poison released by the scorpion in her blood. They said that with every movement that the scorpion made his poison moved into mother’s blood. They chanted mantras so that he might sit still without moving an inch so that the sins of her previous birth might be burned away the very night, The stanza is a mockery of the unscientific approaches to the treatment of scorpion stingings restored to by the rustic people.

Explanation – 5
May your suffering………..sum of good,
These lines have been extracted from the poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezikiel, a poet of international repute. These lines are a continuation of the previous stanza, The approaches of the treatment still continue in this stanza also. The rural folk resumed their saying so that her suffering might mitigate the misfortunes of her next birth. Here the poet notes the belief of the village people in the next birth or rebirth. They again went on, so that the sum total of evil might be balanced in the unreal world against the sum of good and the pain gets mitigated and lessened.

Explanation – 6
Become diminished…………in the center.
These lines have been brought from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. This part of the poem constitutes the continuity of the previous stanza. The village people went on with their usual chanting so that the poison might purify modifiers flesh of desire and spirit of ambition. They set around on the floor with mother in the center. This part tells about the innocuous approaches of the village people who never allow any ill will or malice towards no one. They are always the well-wishers who never think of any evil.

Explanation – 7
The peace of understanding……………… groaning on a mat.
These lines are taken from Nissim Ezekiel’s poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ which gives a realistic picture of the approaches of the village mass when some unnecessary event befalls another. The people ate making a serious treatment of scorpion sting. They muster up around mother and go on chanting ’their usual mantras so as to alleviate her pain. There appears a solemn understanding in each face. The number of people increased from time to time. The people crowded the house with candles and lanterns in their hands. They bring in with them a swarm of insects. Rains assume torrential and heavy With the advance of the night. Mother has no other alternative than twist in pains and pangs.

Explanation – 8
My father……………… match to it.
These lines have been extracted from Nissim Ezikiel’s typical poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’. They represent a change in the treatment of the scorpion sting. The speaker’s father is a skeptic and rationalist who does not believe in chanting the name Of God in neutralizing the poison of the scorpion. What they believe in is the scientific method. He, therefore, uses powder, mixture, herb, and hybrid on the stung part. He even pours a little paraffin and puts a match on the bitter toe so as to burn away the poison of the scorpion released into her blood.

Night Of A Scorpion Summary in English

The narrator of the poem recalls the night when his mother was stung by a Scorpion. The scorpion had been driven by the torrential rain outside, which forced it to crawl beneath a sack of rice. The diabolic trail of the scorpion. mixed .its poison with mother’s blood and the scorpion itself risked into the rain again.’ Village farmers followed thick and fast in order to cure the mother of the terrible pain she was undergoing at that time and chanted the name of God a number of times so as to neutralize its poison. Everybody searched for the scorpion with the candles and lantern but could, not discover the scorpion.

The farmers started musing so that the sins of her previous birth would be burned away the night, they went on saying that her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth, and they also added that her flesh might. get purified by the poison injected by the scorpion. They also surrounded the speaker’s mother at the center. People reached in large numbers with their lanterns and candles in hand. Mother: was still groaning in pain on a mat The speaker’s father who was a skeptic and rationalist tried ta add power, herb, and hybrid mixture to her stung place. He also paced a little paraffin upon the bitten toe and a match to it. After twenty hours of pain and suffering, the poison was tamed and the mother said nothing but one thing“Thank God, the Scorpion picked on me and spared my children.”

Analytical outlines of the poem:

• The narrator of the poem recalls about one night.
• His mother was stung by a Scorpion that night.
• The scorpion had been driven by the torrential rain outside
• It forced it to crawl beneath a sack of rice.
• The diabolic trail of the scorpion mixed ts Poison with the mother s blood.
• The scorpion itself risked into the rain again
• The village farmer followed thick and fast. in order to cure the mother of the terrible pain
• They chanted the name of God a number of times.
• They did this in order to neutralize its position.
• Everybody searched for the scorpion with the candles and lanterns.
• They could not discover the scorpion
• The farmers started musing.
• The sins of her birth would be turned away the very night.
• Her suffering might decrease the misfortunes of her next birth
• They also, that her flash might be purified by the poison injected by the scorpion
• They also surrounded the speaker’s mother at the center.
• People reached large numbers.
• They reached with their lanterns and candles.
• Mother was still groaning in pain on a mat.
• The speaker’s father was a skeptic.
• He was also a rationalist.
• His father tried to add power, herb, and hybrid mixture to her stung place.
• He also poured a little paraffin upon the bitten toe.
• He also put a match to it.
• The poison was tamed after twenty-four hours.
• She suffered from that pain for twenty hours.
• At last, she thanked God.
• She said that the scorpion biting also spared her children.

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text A: That Lean, Hungry Look School Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 13 That Lean, Hungry Look School Question Answers CHSE Odisha

That Lean, Hungry Look School Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity – 1
Purpose And Attitude And The Text Type

Question 1.
Which of the following described the writer’s attitude to thin people?
(i) impressed
(ii) complementary
(iii) disapproving
(iv) condemning
(v) approving
(vi) noncommittal
Answer:
(iv) condemning.

Question 2.
Which of the following phrases best expresses the writer’s purpose?
(i) to present objective information
(ii) to present both sides of a controversial issue
(iii) to shock the reader with an unconventional point of view
(iv) to persuade the reader that fat people are better than thin people.
(v) to express his dislike of thin people.
Answer:
(iv) to persuade the reader that fat people are better than people.

Question 3.
Which of the following categories of text type would you say the article belongs to?
(i) informative
(ii) imaginative
(iii) expressing an opinion
(iv) descriptive
(v) narrative
Answer:
(iii) expressing an opinion.

Question 4.
What is the general tone of the article?
(i) ironic
(ii) humorous
(iii) matter of fact
(iv) Passionate
(v) serious
Answer:
(iii) matter of fact.

Activity-3
Getting The Main Ideas Of Paragraphs

Match the paragraph in column A with the titles in column B and then say whether a title refers to thin people or fat people.

Answer:

A	B
1.	(vi) dangerous people.
2.	(v) no absolute truth.
3.	(ix) speedy metabolism
4	(vii) relaxed and fun-loving
5.	(xi) seeing all sides
6.	(xii) life is illogical and unfair.
7.	(i) a long list of logical things
8.	(viii) happiness is elusive.
9.	(iv) muddling through rather than saving time.
10.	(x) not enough time for work.
11.	(iii) love of math and morality.
12.	(ii) loving and accepting

Activity 4
Understanding Patterns Of Comparison And Contrast

There are two important ways of developing a comparison and contrast text, namely (i) the block method and the point-by-point method. In the Block method, you single out one basic way in which the two objects are alike or different. For example, if you are comparing two people at work, the introductory paragraph would tell the reader what your article would be about. The first body paragraph of the article would show something about one person’s approach to work, the following body paragraph would focus on the other person’s approach.

And in the concluding paragraph, you would briefly summarise the topic and give a dominant impression about the similarities and/or differences in the two worker’s approaches to their jobs. However, instead of deciding to compare and contrast the two objects one after another, you may decide not to separate the two objects you are discussing. You may then adopt the point-by-point method and treat’ both objects together as you present each point of comparison or contrast. You may have discovered that both of these methods have been employed in Text A.

a) Which patterns of comparison and Contrast does the writer use in paragraphs 2-5 and paragraphs 8-14?
Answer:
Point-by-point method.

b) Which pattern does she use in paragraphs 6,7,11 and 12?
Answer:
Block method.

c) Which of these two patterns do you find more effective and why?
Answer:
Both these patterns are effective in dealing with a problem. However, the point-by-point pattern is more effective because the comparison and contrast will be clear in the treatment and approach in this pattern.

d) Does the writer state the thesis explicitly? If so, where does she state it?
Answer:
The writer states the thesis of this work of art explicitly. It appears in paragraph -1.

e) How does the conclusion support the thesis? Write a few words on the appropriateness or otherwise of the conclusion.
Answer:
The conclusion almost sums up the nature and pursuit of the thin and fat people described in the previous paragraphs. The concluding paragraph is eloquent of the strong contrasts between fat and thin people.

Section – A
The paragraph below is the beginning paragraph of Text-A. Read it quickly and try to guess what Text-A is about.

Ceasar was right. Thin people need watching. I have been watching them for most of my adult life and 1 do not like what I see. When these narrow fellows spring at me, quiver to my toes. Thin people come in all personalities, most of them menacing. You have got your ‘together’ thin person, your mechanical thin person. Your condescending thin person, your efficiency expert thin person. All of them are dangerous.
Now read Text-A, which is adopt?  from an article in news week in the year 197. in order to check whether your prediction made above is right.

That Lean, Hungry Look Summary in English

According to Ceasar, thin people need watching. The writer has been watching such people for most of his adult life and never likes what he sees. He says when these thin fellows spring at him he trembles to his toes. Thin people come in all personalities and most if they are dangerous. Thin people in the first place are not fun. They have always got to be going something. They make others tired. They get speedily little metabolisms that cause them to burtle briskly. Sluggish, inert, easy-going fat people are preferable to thin ones.

Fat people don’t chattel all day long. Thin people turn mean and hard at a young age because they never learn the value of a hot fudge Sunday for easing tension. They are firm and fresh and dull like carrots. Thin people believe in logic, fat people see all sides. Fat people realize that life is illogical and unfair. They know well that God is not in heaven and all is not right with the world. If God was up there, fat people could leave two doughnuts and a big orange drink the time they wanted it.

Thin people have a long list of logical things they are always spouting off to me. They hold up one finger at a time as they reel off these things. They speak slowly as if to a young child. The list is long and full of holes. They also think these 2,000-point plans lead to happiness. Fat people know happiness is elusive at best and even if ey could get the kind of thin people to talk about, they wouldn’t want it. Fat people see that such programs are too dull, too hard, and too off the mark. They are never better than a whole cheesecake.

However, fat people know all about the mystery of life. They get acquainted with the night, luck, and fate, and play them by ears. The main problem with people is that they oppress. Thin people are downers. They like math and morality and reasoned evaluation of the limitations of human beings. They expound prognosis, probe, and prick. Fat people are friendly and cheerful. Fat people will talk continuously, trade quickly, laugh loudly, gyrate, and gossip. They are generous, giving, and gallant. They are gluttonous, goodly, and great.

Analytical outlines:

• According to Ceasar, thin people need to be watched minutely.
• He has been watching such people for most of his adult life.
• He calls them as narrow fellows.
• When they spring at him, he trembles to his toes.
• They appear in all personalities.
• Most of them are dangerous.
• Thin people in the first place are not having fun.
• They have always got to be doing something.
• Give them a coffee break.
• They will job around the block.
• They make others tired.
• They have got a speedily little metabolism.
• It makes them to burtle briskly.

• They have forever been rubbing their bony hands together.
• They have also been eying new problems to tackle.
• But the fat people are sluggish, inert, easy going.
• So, they are preferable to the thin ones.
• Fat people don’t chartle all day long.
• Thin people turn mean and hard at a young age.
• Because they never learn the value of a hot fudge Sunday for casing tension.
• They are firm and fresh and dull like carrots.
• They go straight to the heart of the matter.
• But fat people let things stay all blurry, hazy, and vague.
• They want to race the truth.
• Fat people know there is no truth.
• Thin people believe in logic.
• Fat people see all sides.
• Fat people realize that life is illogical and unfair.
• They know very well that God is not in heaven.
• They consider all is not right with the world.
• If God was up there, fat people could have two doughnuts and a big orange drink any time they wanted it.
• Thin people have a long list of logical things.
• They are always spouting off to him.
• They hold up one finger. at a time as they reel off these things.
• They speak slowly as if to a young child.
• Their list is long and full of holes.
• They think about 2000-point plans.
• They think it must lead them to happiness.
• Fat people know happiness is elusive at best.

• They don’t want as the thin people talk about it.
• To fat people, such programs are too dull, too hard, and too off the mark.
• They are never better than a whole cheesecake.
• Fat people know all about the mystery of life.
• They get acquainted with might, luck, and fate, and playing them by ears.
• But the main problem with the thin men is that they oppress.
• Their good intentions, bony torsos, tight, ships, neat corners, cerebral machinations, and pet solutions loom like dark clouds over the
• loose, comfortable, spread out, soft world of the fat.
• Thin people are downers.
• They like math and morality.
• They also like reasoned evaluation of the limitations of human beings.
• They have their skinny little acts together.
• They expound prognoses, probes, and prick.
• Fat people are convivial that is jovial.
• They even like irregular people.
• They will come up with a good reason.
• Fat people are generous, giving, and gallant.
• They are also gluttonous, goodly, and great.
• They are friendly and cheerful.
• Fat people will gab, giggle, guffa, gyrate, and gossip.
• They have plenty of room to be free and frank.

Meaning of difficult words:

to goof off – to make a trivial mistake.
to burtle – to move around quickly.
sluggish – moving or reacting more slowly than normal.
chartling – bulging out of amusement.
wizened – small and thin and wrinkled.
shrivel led – dried up and bent, became small.
gooey – sticky, soft, and sweet.
not-fudge sonde- a hot and soft creamy light
brown sweet dish made from the ice-cream, fruits, and nuts.
crunchy – firm and fresh.
nebulous – not clear or exact, fainted.
doughnuts – small and cakes.
elusive – difficult to achieve.
muscled – covered the ground with

decaying leaves to improve its quality.
double-fudged – with two layers of chocolate or cream dressing.
cerebral machination – secret and clever plans made by the brain.
rutabagas – a king of roots.
punch line – the last few words of a joke or story.
dovners – a person who stops your
feeling cheerful or happy.
convivial – friendly and cheerful.
gab – talk continuously.
guffaw – laugh loudly.
gyrate – turn around fast in circles.
giggle – moving from side to side with quick short movements.

Read More:

• Text A: That Lean, Hungry Look Question Answer
• Text B: What is Art? Question Answer
• Text C: Psychobabble Question Answer
• Text D: The Case against Man Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text A: The Telephone Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 9 The Telephone Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Telephone Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-1
Text-organization

The following sentences have been removed from the passage. Decide which; paragraph each of them will fit in.
a) The telephone’s actual ring- more perhaps, than any other sound in our daily lives, evokes hope, relief, fear, anxiety, and joy according to our expectations.
b) Or perhaps- again not probably- by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflicts based on voice! contact. It has caused wars.
c) It is small and gentle- relying on how voltage and miniature parts- in times of hugeness and violence.

Answer:
(a) The telephone’s actual ringer more perhaps, than any other sound in our t daily lives, evokes hope, relief, fear, anxiety, joy, according to our expectations. (Paragraph-2)
(b) Or perhaps- again not probably- by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflicts based on voice contact. It has caused wars. (Paragraph-1)
(c) It is small and gentle- relying on how voltage and miniature parts- in times of hugeness and violence. (Paragraph-3)

Activity-2

Understanding The Relation Between The Parts Of The Text:
Complete the sentences below to show your understanding! of how the paragraphs in Text-A are related.
a) The passage as a whole deals with
b) The first paragraph decides
c) In the second the writer tells us about
d) And the concluding paragraph

Answer:
a) The passage as a whole deals with telephones and their uses.
b) The first paragraph decides the Introduction based on cricket.
c) In the second the writer tells us about telephone ringing and its role in hallucination.
d) And the concluding paragraph presents a paradoxical or opposite value.

Activity-3
Comprehension

Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:
Question (a).
Brooks mentions both positive and negative effects of the telephones on our lives. Enumerate the positive effects and the negative „ effects separately.
Answer:
The positive effects mentioned in the passage are:
1. It saves lives by getting rapid ward of illness, injury or famine from remote places.
2. By joining with the elevator, it makes possible the multi story residence or office building.
3. It has made the modem city.
4. It brings about a quantum leap in the speed and ease with information moves from place to place.
5. It accelerates the rate of scientific and technological change and growth in industry.
6. It prevents waging war.

The negative of the telephone are the following:
1. It has crippled the ancient art of letter writing.
2. It has made the waging of war chillingly more efficient.
3. It has extended the scope of human conflicts.
4. It involves personal risk.

Question (b).
How does using the telephone involves personal risk?
Answer:
Using telephone involves a tremendous personal risk because it involves exposure for some to be “hung upon” which happen to be the worst among fears. And some others also dream of a ringing phone and wake up with a heart heavily beating.

Question (c).
A paradox is a seeming contra-diction that is some how true. In what sense is the telephone “a thing of paradox”?
Answer:
Telephone involves contradictory things. It has both the brighter and darker aspect – the positive and negative effects. It is, in one sense, a metaphor for the times that helped to create and in another sense it is their polar opposite.

Extra Activity-3 (A)

Question (a).
In what way does telephone act as a source of active and rapid information?
Answer:
Telephone helps to save lives by obtaining rapid message of illness, injury or famine from distant place.

Question (b).
What does it have do with multi story building?
Answer:
Making conneetion with elevators to. make possible the multistorey buildings- residence or office.

Question (c).
How does it accelerate scientific and technological changes in the industry?
Answer:
A quantum leap in speech and ease has been achieved making information more from place to place. It has greatly accelerated the rate of scientific and technological change and growth in the industry.

Question (d).
How does telephone cripple letter writing?
Answer:
Telephone has crippled the ancient art of letter writing. It makes direct contact ‘ with both the parties at both ends. It marks the spirit of writing one’s mind through letters because it is convenient to establish contact easily and directly. The easy going people resort to the telephone and set aside writing letters.

Activity-4
Understanding The Language Functions

The activity is meant to develop your awareness of the final points of Text-A. Go back to the text after reading each question in the Activity and write your answers.

Question (i).
Brooks uses the first person plural “us” in this except instead of speaking either just about himself or about people in general. Why do you think he does this?
Answer:
The first person narrative is a powerful means of communication that includes people in general and the. another himself. He uses this technique to make communication more effective.

Question (ii).
The essay begins with a question. ’ Would a direct statement be more effective as an introduction? Write a brief justification of your as to this question.
Answer:
Beginning an essay or any other writing makes the literary piece more eye-catching and emphatic. A question sentence at the outset marks prominence and attracts the attention of the readers, Any other statement form wouldn’t have acquired the same effect as a question at the beginning of writing.

Question (iii).
How does the first sentence in paragraph 2 serve as a transition between paragraph-I and 2?
Answer:
Transition implies a change from one condition or set of circumstances to another. The first sentence ¡n paragraph-2 which begins with; “But the question remains unanswered” is quite obvious about the change of immediate context of the previous sentences.

Question (iv).
Identify the phases in the passage that explicitly point to the cause-and-effect connections.
Answer:
(a) Elevator to make possible,
(b) Personal risk because it involves exposure.

Question (v).
Brooks ends this brief introduction to the effect of the telephone with a quotation. Do you think this is an effective conclusion ? Explain.
Answer:
Brooks ends this brief introduction to the effect of the telephone with a quotation, r Using such quotations as a conclusion is likely an effective conclusion

Activity-5
(Understanding the writer’s attitude and, purpose)

Question (a).
Which of the following phrases best expresses Ibe writer’s purpose?
i) It presents objective ‘ information.
ii) to decide a situation and present others’ comment on it.
iii) to persuade the readér that the use of the telephone is an unmixed blessing.
iv) to convince the reader of the Importance of the telephone.
v) to present his personal views is the effects of the telephône.
Answer:
(i) to present objective information.

Question (b).
How would you describe the writer’s attitude towards the telephone? Choose from the following list. critical Indifferent admiring prejudiced approving disapproving condemning.
Answer:
The writer’s attitude is “critical”.

Activity-6
Indicators In Discourse/reference

What do the words ¡n’ italics refer to In the’passage?
a) “…………………….. it uns made possible for better or worse …………………… (lines – 4)
b) “……………………. by so doing, it has played a role…….(lines – 9)
c) it involves exposure ………………………” (lines 2-3)
d) ……………….. in another sense the telephone is their olar opposite.” (lines 3-2) “
Answer:
(a) It = the telephone
(b) so doing = writing letters
(c) it = personal risk
(d) their = the times.

Note
Sentences. in a text do not stand in isolation but -are opposite together with what has gone before and what comes after. One of the important ways in which a writer joins all the sentences together. to make which is one coherent text is a reference. Reference means the use of common words like “he”, “she”, 4bIt. ‘this”, ‘that”, “sà” etc. to refer to people things, or terns of information needlessly; the writer will not repeat a name where “he” or she” will do.

Obviously then to find the meaning of reference word (such as “he” or “she”), it is necessary to, look outside the sentence or the part of the sentence in which it occurs. We have her introduced reference as one of the important ways1 whiçh help tie the text together. Latçr we will look at another important device, of text cohesion, namely, the use of discourse-makers.

Activity-7
Writing A Pamphlet

Write a pamphlet, making an appeal to the people to avoid misusing the telephone. You Cad use the following outlines:
– how some people go on gossiping over the. telephone and keep the lines busy.
– the effects of such irresponsible use of the telephone.
– your suggestions regarding how the misuse of the telephone can be avoided.
– benefits of economical use of the telephone to .oneself and the others.

Answer:
It has become a common feature with some people who go on gossiping over telephones. They consider it as a play thing. They forget that telephone is a means of communication. It acts as a medium for exigencies and messages. Our gossiping over phones is just misusing it. One has just to send messages from a distance. This act of gossiping keeps the lines busy and prevents people with an urgent message from communicating. The lines are engaged and busy. Gossiping without any purpose and pursuit poses two problems.

One financial, the other dislocations. The person who gossips unnecessarily invites unwarranted financial burden to himself and the busy lines owing to his gossip brings about dislocation for others to communicate even urgent messages. An awareness among telephone users is the only powerful way of reducing the instinct for making undue gossips over telephone. Every customer has to be aware of the economical use of the telephone which will enable him to make discreet use’of the telephone. The less you talk, the less you pay. One has to decide what to talk and what to leave out.

The Telephone Summary in English

What does this unit contain?
This unit will present the following four texts, each of them related to some aspects of our living in modern times.
Text-A : The Telephone (John Brooks)
Text-B : Saturday Morning Violence (Nonnanrovisor).
Text-C : New Superstitiohi for old (Margaret Mead).
Text-D : Burnout (A Newspaper article)

The aim of this unit is to help you. practice writing pamphlets and dialogues and develop the following sub-skills of reading:
1. Understanding relations between the parts of a reading text.
2. Recognising indicators in discourse.
3. Understanding the writer’s purpose and attitude; and
4. Identifying the structure of a text in respect of cause-and-effect relationships and the development of arguments.

Section – A
Pre-reading Activity:

The telephone has come almost an indispensable part of modern life. Can you think of three positive effects and three negative effects of the telephone on our lives?

positive effects	Negative effects
1	1
2	2
3	3

Now read the following brief excerpt from the book Telephone the First Hundred Years by John Brook and check whether the writer includes your points about the effects of the telephone on our life.

Text-A
By Johe Brooks Summary
The telephone has saved the lives of people from illness or farming from distance. Joining with the elevator, has made possible the multi-story residence, or office building. It has also made the modern, city possible. It has quickened the rate of scientific and technological changes and growth in the industry. But it has handicapped the ancient art of letter writing. It has played a great role in the social, changes of a country. Waging war has become more efficient for this.

It has also extended the scope of human conflicts since it impartially disseminates the useful knowledge of scientists and the babble of bores, the affection of the affectionate and the malice of the malicious. The use of the telephone also values personal risk for it involves exposure. The telephone is our connecting link with society Marshall Meluhan has said that the telephone creates “a king of extrasensory- perception.”

Analytical outlines of the Text:

• The telephone has saved the life of people.
• It saved people from illness.
• It also saved people from famine from distance.
• They are joined by the elevator.
• It has made possible the multistorey residence or building.
• It has also made the modern city possible.
• It has quickened the rate of scientific changes.
• It has quickened the technology. changes.
• It has also quickened the growth of the industry.
• But it has handicapped the ancient art of letter writing.
• It has played a great role in the social changes of a country.
• Waging war has become more efficient for this.
• It has also extended the scope of human conflicts.
• Since it impartially propagates the useful knowledge of scientists.
• It also propagates the babble of bores.
• It also propagates the affection of the affectionate.
• It also propagates the malice of the malicious.
• The use of telephones also values personal risks.
• It values as it involves exposure.
• The telephone is our connecting link with society.
• Marshal McLuhan has said that the telephone creates, “a kind of extra-sensory perception.”

Meaning of difficult words:
remote – separated, indirect, distant, a long way away.
elevator – a lift in a big building to carry people up and down.
multi-story – many-storeyed, high building with a lot of stories.
quantum leap – a very large improvement
ease – comfort, a happy state of affairs.
accelerated – hasten, the progress of, to increase the speed of, quickened.
crippled – handicapped, disabled, unable to do things.
evanescent – disappear, vanish from sight or memory.
nerve-end – connecting link, bridging gap.
paradox – two apparently contrad¬ictory elements made a paradox of they can be reconceived to give a truth.

Read More:

• Text A: The Telephone Question Answer
• Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Question Answer
• Text C: New Superstitions for Old Question Answer
• Text D: Burnout Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 5 Fishing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Invitation English Poem Chapter 5 Fishing Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Fishing Class 11 Questions and Answers

Think It Out

Question 1.
What idea of the speaker’s age do you find in the first line?
Answer:
The speaker’s age may be more than fifty. He is like seasoned anger.

Question 2.
How did the speaker prepare himself for fishing? (clue: gear and attitude)
Answer:
The speaker prepared himself for fishing with a fishing rod, line, and food put on a hook to catch a fish. He was in a positive and determined attitude at that time.

Question 3.
What did he declare to his family? What silent feedback did he sense from the members of the family?
Answer:
He declared to his family to wait for him because the dinner would be marked by a special dish- fish fry. He sensed silent laughter from the members of his family.

Question 4.
Describe his initial experience. (Ins. 9 – 12)
Answer:
He went fast to the nearby pond straightaway with all the equipment required for fishing and a can. The minutes trickled by and the hours seemed to pass very slowly. It appeared as if he were luckless that day. In short, his initial experience was a blend of both certainty and uncertainty.

Question 5.
What did he dread to face when he would be back home? (Ins. 13 – 15)
Answer:
He dreaded facing the taunting words of some family members if he returned home without a fish.

Question 6.
How was his prayer answered?
Answer:
His prayer was answered when he had a marvelous catch at his disposal. He now succeeded in catching a beautiful one-foot bright and fair fish.

Question 7.
Discuss the contrasting moods presented in stanzas 3, 4, and 5.
Answer:
In stanza 3, the speaker was in a despairing mood as all his efforts to catch fish seemed futile. In stanza 4, he was in a contrasting mood to face the mockery of his family member and kept faith in God’s goodness. In stanza 5, he was in a hopeful mood after getting the opportunity to catch a fish.

Question 8.
Describe the ‘catch’.
Answer:
Driven by determination, the speaker pulled the string of his angle and it brought him a marvelous catch- ‘A one-foot fish, bright and fair’ moving in a twisted manner in the air.

Question 9.
How has the speaker described his joy and the despair of the fish?
Answer:
The speaker has described his joy by running round and round in excitement and the fish’s despair in terms of its breathlessness and sad look that expresses its longing to be free.

Question 10.
What did he think the fish was pleading for?
Answer:
He thought the fish was pleading for its freedom. The fish requested him to allow it to go back to its pond.

Question 11.
What was the debate in the speaker’s mind?
Answer:
The speaker debated his three toils, the tasty fish-fry smell, and the mocking face of some family members staring at him when he got back home fishless.

Question 12.
Discuss the significance of: “For nothing, however, I did care.” (In. 34)
Answer:
The speaker was determined to care for nothing – three hours’ toil, tasty fish-fry flavor, and especially, some mocking face of his family staring at him.

Question 13.
What was the strange feeling that the speaker felt? Can you relate the feeling to the ‘crimson glow’ and ‘greater joy’? (Ins. 36 – 38)
Answer:
The strange feeling that the speaker felt was great joy in his heart. His feelings can aptly be related to ‘the crimson glow’ and ‘greater joy’ that convey the speaker’s act of kindness and immense pleasure.

Question 14.
Which action brought about a greater joy in the heart of the speaker? In comparison to the ultimate greater joy, what do you think would have been lesser happiness?
Answer:
The speaker’s action of allowing the fish to go back to its pond brought about a greater joy in the heart of the speaker. In comparison to the ultimate greater joy, I think the speaker’s reluctant response to the fish’s appeal or lack of his kindness would have been lesser happiness.

Question 15.
Why does he find this feeling strange?
Answer:
He finds this feeling strange, because of several factors such as his liking for fish fry and the taunting remarks of his family members. Besides, the speaker’s fear and anxiety give way to determination.

Question 16.
Do you think the speaker was sensitive? Why do you think so? (clue: at least two reasons)
Answer:
Yes, the speaker was very sensitive, because he did not approve of the taunting remarks of his family members. Besides, he was moved by the sight of the fish’s despair.

Question 17.
Notice that all the stanzas excluding Stanza 7 have four lines each and make one complete sentence. How is Stanza 7 different from other stanzas?
Answer:
All the stanzas in the poem have four lines each and make one complete sentence. On the other hand, stanza 7 has ten lines to make two complete sentences. In this way, stanza 7 is different from other stanzas.

Question 18.
Describe the change that the speaker had between the morning and the evening of the same day.
Answer:
The speaker experienced a sense of dread and uncertainty and great joy between the morning and the evening of the same day. The morning brought him the first two feelings and the evening the last one.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English To Fishing Important Questions and Answers

A.Short Answer Type Questions with Answers

1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Like a seasoned angler sure of his feat
With fishing rod and line, and bait
I said, “You all, wait for me
Fish-fry tonight our dinner will be.”

Though none of them did say a word
On my face, yet I heard
Some chuckles sure at my back
I told myself, “Let me come back.”

To the nearby pond I straighaway ran
With fishing-tackle, and of course, a can
The minutes passed and the hours dragged
It seemed no luck that day I had.

I thought fishless I’d return home
And would face the jeers of some
I threw my line with a fervent wish
“Oh God, today please give me a fish.”

And lo, the float sank, rose again
And popped its head to tell me then
“This is just the time, you man,
To catch a fish if you can.”

Without delay I pulled the string
And what a catch did it bring
A one-foot fish, bright and fair
That wriggled and wriggled in the air.

Questions :
(i) “Though none of them did say a word” – what does ‘none of them’ refer to?

(ii) Explain the expression ‘the hours dragged.’’

(iii) What did the speaker pray to God?

(iv) ‘And what a catch did it bring’ – what does ‘it’ refer to?

(v) What pictures of the fish do you find in the air?

Answers :
(i) The expression ‘none of them’ refers to none of the speaker’s family.

(ii) ‘The hours dragged’ signifies that every hour seemed to be an eternity to the speaker.

(iii) The speaker prayed to God to give him a fish.

(iv) ‘It’ refers to the speaker’s string.

(v) We find the fish moving by twisting on and on in the air.

2. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

At this my joy knew no bound
I ran excited round and round,
But with a gasping mouth and wistful look
It seemed to say, “Please unhook
Me and let me go again
To my home, my waterly den.’’

I did think of my three hours’ labour
And the spicy fish-fry flavour
Back home some mocking face would stare
For nothing, however, I did care.

As the sun was sinking behind the hill
A strange feeling my heart did fill
In the evening’s crimson glow
With greater joy, I let it go.

Questions :
(i) Quote the words that bring out the contrasting feelings of the speaker and the fish.

(ii) What does the expression ‘my watery den’ refer to?

(iii) How did the speaker react to the fish’s appeal?

(iv) How does he describe the fish fry?

(v) ‘With greater joy, I let it go.’ What picture of the speaker do you get here?

Answers :
(i) The speaker’s words ‘my joy knew no bound’ and ‘ran excitedly’ and the fish’s ‘gasping mouth’ and ‘wistful look’ are a study in contrast.

(ii) Here the expression ‘my watery den’ refers to the pond where the fish lives.

(iii) The fish’s appeal made the speaker think seriously.

(iv) He describes that the fish fry is full of spice. It has a nice taste.

(v) Here we learn that the speaker epitomizes kind-heartedness. His act of allowing the fish to go to its pond is a case in point. He proves that an act of kindness is a rich source of joy.

B.Mlultiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Choose the correct option.

Live a seasoned……………………………………in the air.
Question 1.
In the first line of the poem, the speaker described himself as a vastly experienced one. Which word speaks of his experience?
(a) sure
(b) seasoned.
(c) feat.
(d) angler.
Answer:
(b) seasoned.

Question 2.
What do you understand by the word ‘bait’?
(a) food put on a hook to catch fish.
(b) a stick pasted with gum to catch fish.
(c) a net with small holes to catch fish.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) food put on a hook to catch fish.

Question 3.
In the first stanza of the poem (1 to 4 lines), the speaker as a seasoned angler has assured his family members of something for their dinner. What is that?
(a) chicken-fry.
(b) fish-fry.
(c) prawn-fry.
(d) egg-fry.
Answer:
(b) fish-fry.

Question 4.
In the second stanza of the poem (lines 5 to 8), the family members of the speaker have taken his words as him nothing but fun. How is it expressed in the poem?
(a) some back-biting sure at my back.
(b) some gossip sure at my back.
(c) some chuckles sure at my back.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) some chuckles sure at my back.

Question 5.
What do you mean by the word ‘chuckles’?
(a) back-biting.
(b) gossip.
(c) make fun.
(d) silent laughter.
Answer:
(d) silent laughter.

Question 6.
What did the speaker do with a fishing tackle in hand?
(a) ran straight to a nearby river.
(b) ran to a nearby lake.
(c) ran straight to a nearby pond.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) ran straight to a nearby pond.

Question 7.
The speaker as a seasoned angler sat on the bank of the pond to catch fish. But it was not possible as minutes and hours passed without a success. What did he feel about himself?
(a) He felt unlucky.
(b) He felt disappointed.
(c) He cursed himself.
(d) He felt himself a failure.
Answer:
(a) He felt unlucky.

Question 8.
What kind of feeling does the speaker have, as we come to know from the fourth stanza of the poem?
(a) satisfaction.
(b) frustration.
(c) contented.
(d) carelessness.
Answer:
(b) frustration.

Question 9.
Then for a fish, he prayed to God with a_______ wish.
(a) deep.
(b) fixed.
(c) fervent.
(d) faithful.
Answer:
(c) fervent.

Question 10.
He thought if he would return home without a fish, he would face the jeers of some. What does the word ‘jeers’ mean?
(a) sympathetic remarks.
(b) consolatory remarks.
(c) rude remarks.
(d) funny remarks.
Answer:
(c) rude remarks.

Question 11.
The fifth stanza of the poem expresses some signs of change and from this, the speaker is
(a) hopeless.
(b) hopeful.
(c) neither hopeless nor hopeful.
(d) none of the above about a fish.
Answer:
(b) hopeful.

Question 12.
The sixth stanza of the poem speaks______about the speaker.
(a) success.
(b) failure.
(c) frustration.
(d) contentment.
Answer:
(a) success.

Question 13.
How long was the fish caught by the speaker?
(a) half-foot.
(b) one-foot.
(c) one and a half feet.
(d) 2 feet.
Answer:
(b) one-foot.

Question 14.
What do you mean by the word ‘wriggled’?
(a) making rounds.
(b) moved in different directions.
(c) moved by twisting.
(d) moved by hanging.
Answer:
(c) moved by twisting.

Lines 25 to 38
At this my………………. I let it go
Question 15.
What is the kind of expression of the speaker seen from the first two lines of stanza 7?
(a) He is unhappy.
(b) He is delighted.
(c) He is consoled.
(d) He is hopeful.
Answer:
(b) He is delighted.

Question 16.
What does the speaker understand by the gasping mouth and wistful look of the fish?
(a) It says to leave him.
(b) It says not to kill him.
(c) It says to keep him as a pet.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) It says to leave him.

Question 17.
What do you mean by ‘Please unhook me’?
(a) keep me hanging.
(b) free me from the hook.
(c) tie me with a hook.
(d) don’t hurt me.
Answer:
(b) free me from the hook.

Question 18.
Where does the fish desire to go?
(a) to its mother.
(b) to God’s home.
(c) to its home in the water.
(d) to the speaker’s stomach.
Answer:
(a) to its mother.

Question 19.
Stanza 8 describes the speaker’s state of mind which we guess he is in_________.
(a) dilemma.
(b) dissatisfaction.
(c) nervous.
(d) deep thought.
Answer:
(a) dilemma.

Question 20.
How many hours the speaker has labored to catch the fish?
(a) two.
(b) one.
(c) three.
(d) four.
Answer:
(c) three.

Question 21.
What do you mean by ‘mocking face’ here?
(a) those who condemn.
(b) those who praise.
(c) those who criticize.
(d) those who talk behind your back.
Answer:
(c) those who criticize.

Question 22.
The last stanza of the poem expresses quite different feelings of the speaker. He with a greater joy allowed the fish to go. What kind of idea does it convey?
(a) live and let others live.
(b) the joy of the fish is the joy of the speaker.
(c) an act of kindness is a rich source of joy.
(d) be kind and good to others.
Answer:
(c) an act of kindness is a rich source of joy.

Question 23.
Who is the author of this poem?
(a) Gopa Ranjan Rout.
(b) Gopa Ranjan Nanda.
(c) Gopal Ranjan Mishra.
(d) Gopa Ranjan Jena.
Answer:
(c) Gopal Ranjan Mishra.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanzas (1 – 6)
Gist with Glossary
Like a…………………………. in the air. (Lines 1 – 24)
Gist:
Like a vastly experienced angler, the speaker wanted his family to wait for him because their dinner would have a special item- ‘fish-fry’. No one said a word on his face, but there was their silent laughter behind. Without caring for them, the speaker went straight to the nearby pond to catch them. The minutes passed and the hours seemed to be an eternity to him. The speaker thought that he would be luckless that day. The sight of the teasing remarks of some family members haunted him if he went back home without a fish. He prayed to God, requesting him earnestly to give him a fish.

Glossary :
seasoned: vastly experienced .( ଅଭିଜ୍ଞ)
angler: one who fishes with an angle – a hook, attached to a fishing line (ବନିଶୀପକାଳି)
Bait: food put on a hook to catch fish (ଥୋପ)
chuckles: silent laughter (ଚାପାହସ)
fishing-tackle: all the equipment used in fishing – rod, bait, etc (ମାଛଧରା ସରଞ୍ଜାମ )
The Hours Dragged: the hours did not seem to pass (ସମୟ ଗଡ଼ିଯିବା ଭଳି ଜଣାଗଲା ନାହିଁ)
jeers: rude remarks (କଟୁ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ)
fervent: earnest (ଉତ୍ସୁକ)
And…bring: The speaker had a marvelous catch.

Stanzas (7- 9)
Gist with Glossary
At this…………………………………… let it go. (Lines 25 – 38)
Gist :
The sight of a bright and fair big fish filled his heart with boundless joy. He ran in excitement. But the fish made a moving appeal to the speaker to allow him to go back to its pond once again. Its appeal made him think of his three hours’ labor, the tasty fish-fry smell, and some mocking face staring at him, in case he returned home fishless. But, kind-hearted as he was, the speaker acted positively. With a heart full of joy, he allowed the fish to go, when the sun was setting.

Glossary :
At this…….bound: The speaker was extremely happy at the sight of a very beautiful big fish.
wriggled: moved by twisting or turning quickly ( ଆଗକୁ ପଛକୁ ଦେହ ମୋଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା)
gasping: breathing in a state of shock (ଧକେଇଲା)
wistful: slightly sad. (ଅଳ୍ପ ଦୁଃଖିତ)
unhook: free (ଖୋଲିଦେବା)
watery den: the pond. (ଜଳାଶୟ)
spicy: full of spice (ମସଲାଯୁକ୍ତ)
flavour: smell (ସୁଗନ୍ଧ)
some…….stare: some face making fun at the speaker
sinking: setting (ବୁଡ଼ିଯିବା)
glow: soft light (ଅଳ୍ପ ଆଲୋକ)
let: allow (ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବା)

Introducing The Poet:
Gopal Ranjan Mishra has written some fascinating poems. They are marked by the simplicity of rhythm.

About The Poem:
‘Fishing’ deals with the fact that a rich source of joy is attributed to an act of kindness. The speaker who presents himself as a veteran angler is a glittering example.

Summary:
The speaker who identifies himself as a vastly experienced angler prepared himself for fishing. He declared to his family to wait for him. As a result, their dinner would be marked by fish fry. None of them spoke a word, yet they responded to his declaration in silent laughter. The speaker’s initial experience was one of bad luck. Minutes and hours trickled by. The nearby pond seemed to disappoint him. The chance of catching any fish did not look bright. He visualized the fear of facing rude remarks from some family members. He threw his line praying to God to give him a fish.

The speaker’s prayer did not go in vain. He had now a marvelous catch – ‘A one foot-high, bright and fair fish’. He saw it move in a twisted fashion in the air when the speaker pulled the string. He was beside himself with joy at the sight of the fish. His excitement ran high. In the meantime, it seemed to plead with the speaker for freedom. The fish’s earnest request to get it free sparked a debate in the speaker’s mind.

The thought of three hours’ toil, the spicy fish-fry taste, and of ‘some mocking face’ staring at him when he would come back fishless swam before his mind’s eye. However, he didn’t care for anything. The poem ends on a happy note. The sun was setting. A strange feeling filled the speaker’s heart. With a heart full of joy, he allowed the fish to go. In short, the speaker found great pleasure in his act of kindness.

ସାରାଂଶ:
ନିଜକୁ ଜଣେ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞ ବନିଶୀପକାଳି ବୋଲି ଭାବୁଥୁବା କବି ଥରେ ମାଛ ଧରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଲେ । ସେ ପରିବାରର ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ କହିଲେ । ଆଜିର ଭୋଜନରେ ମାଛ ଭଜା ଖିଆ ହେବ ବୋଲି କହିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ କେହି କିଛି କହିଲେ ନାହିଁ, ମାତ୍ର ଚାପା ହସର ଗୁଞ୍ଜରଣ ସେ ଶୁଣିପାରିଲେ । ସେ ସବୁ ସରଞ୍ଜାମ ଧରି ନିକଟସ୍ଥ ପୋଖରୀକୁ ଗଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ମାଛ ଧରିବାରେ ବିଫଳ ହେଲେ । ପୋଖରୀ ତାଙ୍କୁ ନିରାଶ କଲାଭଳି ଜଣାଗଲା । କୌଣସି ମାଛ ଧରିବାର ଆଶା ଦେଖାଗଲା ନାହିଁ । ଘରର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ବଟୁ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାର ଭୟ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଘାରିଲା । ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରି ବନିଶୀ ସୂତା ପକାଇଲେ ।

କବିଙ୍କର ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ବୃଥା ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ସେ ପକାଇଥବା ବନିଶୀ କଣ୍ଟାରେ ଏକ ଫୁଟ ଲମ୍ବର ଧଳା ମାଛଟିଏ ଲାଗିଲା । କବି ବନିଶୀ ତରତରରେ ଉଠାଇ ଦେଖୁଲେ ମାଛଟି ଢଳି ଢଲି ଆସୁଛି । ସେ ଖୁସିରେ ପାଗଳ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମାତ୍ର ସେହି ସମୟରେ କବିଙ୍କୁ ଜଣାଗଲା ଯେ ମାଛଟି ତାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବାକୁ ଯେପରି ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଛି । ମାଛଟିର ଫେରିଲେ କେତେକ ପରିହାସ ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ମୁହଁ ତାଙ୍କ ମାନସଚକ୍ଷୁରେ ଭାସି ଉଠିଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେସବୁକୁ ଖାତର କଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଅସ୍ତ ହେବାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । କବିଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଏକ ଅଦ୍ଭୁତ ଭାବନା ଆସିଲା । ସେ ଆନନ୍ଦପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୃଦୟରେ ମାଛଟିକ ପୋଖରୀରେ ଛାଡି ଦେଲେ । ସେହି ଦୟାପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ତାଙ୍କ ମନକୁ ଅପୁର୍ବ ଆନନ୍ଦରେ ଭରିଦେଲା ।

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Poetry:

• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Question Answer
• Oft, in the Stilly Night Question Answer
• The Inchcape Rock Question Answer
• To My True Friend Question Answer
• Fishing Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 4 To My True Friend Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Invitation English Poem Chapter 4 To My True Friend Question Answers CHSE Odisha

To My True Friend Class 11 Questions and Answers

Think It Out

Question 1.
What does the poet pray for?
Answer:
The poet prays for keeping their friendship intact for all time to come. In other words, she prays for their never-ending friendship.

Question 2.
How did the friend encourage the poet?
Answer:
The friend encouraged the poet to keep her going when she was passing through a difficult time.

Question 3.
How did the friend reassure her?
Answer:
The friend reassured her by telling her to get rid of sorrow and infusing in her mind the hope of a better tomorrow that will bring her joy and happiness.

Question 4.
Why did the poet trust her friend?
Answer:
The poet trusted her friend because she was always there to advise and encourage her when she found herself in a fix.

Question 5.
How did the friend inspire self-confidence in the poet?
Answer:
The friend inspired self-confidence in the poet by telling her that she was capable of doing anything she concentrated on.

Question 6.
How does the poet cherish the memory of her friend?
Answer:
The poet deeply cherishes the memory of her friend. She wants to treasure her ready smile with great love.

Question 7.
Are the friends staying close to each other? Quote the line in support of your answer.
Answer:
The friends are not staying close to each other. The line “We are separated by many miles” is a case in point.

Question 8.
How does the poet value her friendship?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, her friendship is of great value to her. She hopes it grows and prospers and survives forever.

Question 9.
Why does she call her friend extra special?
Answer:
She calls her friend extra-special because she is her only genuine friend, her guide and protector.

Question 10.
What is the poet’s final wish?
Answer:
The poet’s final wish is that they should strike their friendship and they cannot allow such friendship that brings pure joy to vanish. The reason is not far to seek. There will never be another friend like her.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English To My True Friend Important Questions and Answers

B. Short Answer Type Questions with Answers

1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

The day I met you
I found a friend –
And a friendship that
I pray will never end.

Your smile – is so sweet
And so bright –
Kept me going
When the day was as dark as night.
You never ever judged me,
You understood my sorrow.

Then you told me it needn’t be that way
And gave me hope for a better tomorrow.
You were always there for me,
I knew I could count on you.
You gave me advice and encouragement
Whenever I didn’t know what to do.

You helped me learn to love myself
You made life seem so good.
You said I can do anything I put my mind to
And suddenly I knew I could.

Questions :
(i) What happened on the day the poet met someone?

(ii) ‘The friend’s smile fascinates poet.’ Quote the lines to justify it.

(iii) “You never judged me…” What does this line signify?

(iv) How did the friend help the poet?

(v) ‘You made life seem so good.” Explain.

Answers :
(i) The poet made friends with the person on the day she met someone. In other words, in her, the poet found a friend in word and spirit.

(ii) The lines :
“Your smile – so sweet And so bright justifies the statement.

(iii) This line signifies the friend’s unflinching trust in the poet.

(iv) The friend helped the poet to learn the beauty of self-love.

(v) The friend shows the poet how wonderful life is. This is what the line means.

2. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

There were times when we didn’t see eye to eye
And there were days when both of us cried.
But even so, we made it through;
Our friendship hasn’t yet died.

Circumstances have pulled us apart,
We are separated by many miles,
Truly, the only thing that keeps me going
Is my treasured memory of your smile.

This friendship we share
Is so precious to me,
I hope it grows and flourishes
And lasts unto infinity.

You are so extra special to me
And so this to you I really must tell :
You are my one true friend,
My Guardian Angel.

Our friendship is one-in-a-million
So let’s hold on to it and each other.
We cannot let this chance of pure bliss fly away
For there will never be another.
I love you.
I will always love you.

Questions :
(i) ‘There were times when we didn’t see eye to eye” Explain.

(ii) “But even so we made it through:” What does ‘it’ refer to?

(iii) ‘Circumstances have pulled us apart.” Explain.

(iv) “And so this to you I really must tell:” – what does ‘this’ refer to?

(v) “I love you
I will always love you.”
What do these lines throw light on?

Answers :
(i) At some point in time in the past quarrel and misunderstandings arose between the poet and her friend. Still, then their friendship continued and they shed tears together.

(ii) ‘It’ refers to the friendship between the two (the poet and someone she met on a particular day).

(iii) Circumstances have intervened in the lives of the poet and her friend. As a result, they are not staying together.

(iv) This refers to the fact that the friend will always have a special place in the poet’s heart.

(v) These lines throw light on the poet’s boundless love for her friend.

B. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Choose the correct option.

The Text
Lines 1 to 20

The day I met you………………….. I Knew I Could
Question 1.
What Did The poet develop on the day she meet someone?
(a) relationship.
(b) friendship.
(c) brothership.
(d) partnership.
Answer:
(b) friendship.

Question 2.
What does the poet pray for?
(a) friendship to end.
(b) friendship to continue till they live together.
(c) friendship not to end.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) friendship not to end.

Question 3.
Which quality of the poet’s friend fascinates her?
(a) friend’s smile.
(b) friend’s manner.
(c) friend’s sacrifice.
(d) friend’s sweet words.
Answer:
(a) friend’s smile.

Question 4.
Her friend’s encouragement has made her pass through :
(a) an easy time.
(b) a difficult time.
(c) a favorable time.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) a difficult time.

Question 5.
“You never ever judged me.” What does this line signify?
(a) misunderstanding of a friend.
(b) friend’s unflinching trust in the poet.
(c) friend’s desire to help is mistaken.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) friend’s unflinching trust in the poet.

Question 6.
What did the friend advise the poet after knowing her sorrow?
(a) to work hard.
(b) to start a new business.
(c) to hope for a better tomorrow.
(d) to forget the past.
Answer:
(c) to hope for a better tomorrow.

Question 7.
When the poet was in difficulty and didn’t know what to do, her friend gave her_______.
(a) money and advice.
(b) money and help.
(c) advice and encouragement.
(d) money only.
Answer:
(c) advice and encouragement.

Question 8.
What did the poet’s friend make her learn?
(a) self-confidence.
(b) self-love.
(c) self-assessment.
(d) self-control.
Answer:
(b) self-love.

Question 9.
“You said I can do anything I put my mind to”. This statement of the poet’s friend in fact infused a ______in her.
(a) self-satisfaction.
(b) self-confidence.
(c) self-importance.
(d) self-praise.
Answer:
(b) self-confidence.

Lines 21 to 42

There were………………….love you.
Question 10.
“We didn’t see eye to eye”. What does this statement mean?
(a) separated from each other.
(b) did not have contact with each other.
(c) staying far from each other.
(d) having misunderstandings with each other.
Answer:
(d) having misunderstandings with each other.

Question 11.
“Our friendship has not yet died.” What does this statement signify?
(a) friendship is at stake.
(b) friendship is about to break.
(c) friendship stands the test of time.
(d) friendship has been mended.
Answer:
(c) friendship stands the test of time.

Question 12.
Which has pulled the two friends apart?
(a) differences between them.
(b) circumstances.
(c) out of sight, out of mind.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) circumstances.

Question 13.
What is that treasured memory of the poet’s friend that keeps him going?
(a) soothing words.
(b) sermon.
(c) smile.
(d) sweet look.
Answer:
(c) smile.

Question 14.
The poet says that this friendship is so_________ to her.
(a) valuable.
(b) important.
(c) worthwhile.
(d) precious.
Answer:
(d) precious.

Question 15.
The poet says that their friendship lasts unto infinity. What does it mean?
(a) friendship lasts forever.
(b) friendship has a limit.
(c) friendship will see its rise and fall.
(d) friendship if broken can be mended.
Answer:
(a) friendship lasts forever.

Question 16.
The poet has described his friend as her ‘Guardian Angel’. What does it mean?
(a) a guardian likes Angel.
(b) one who acts as her guide.
(c) one who protects and guides.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) one who protects and guides.

Question 17.
At last, the poet has described their friendship as a chance of________.
(a) pure action.
(b) pure bliss.
(c) pure words.
(d) pure thought.
Answer:
(b) pure bliss.

Question 18.
Who is the poet of this poem?
(a) Elizabeth Pinard.
(b) Anne Frost.
(c) T. S. Eliot.
(d) Thomas Moore.
Answer:
(a) Elizabeth Pinard.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanzas (1 – 5)
Gist with Glossary:

The day………………………………….. I could. (Lines 1 – 20)
Gist :
The poet goes back to a day when she met someone; in the latter, the former found a true friend. Her smile was sweet and bright beyond words. That gave her strength when she was passing through a crisis. Without caring to judge her, she understood her misery and told her to get rid of it. Instead, her friend provided the hope of a better tomorrow. In other words, she gave the poet emotional support and compassion. Her friend always stood by her. The poet unflinchingly trusted her. She helped the poet learn to love herself. Besides, the friend showed how wonderful her life was. When she was in an indecisive situation, she gave her advice and encouragement.

Glossary:
Kept Me Going: giving the poet encouragement.
When…Night: when the poet was passing through a crisis.
Count On: trust. (ବିଶ୍ୱାସ)
Never Ever Judged: never formed an opinion on, taken for granted.
You…To: Her friend instilled a sense of confidence into the poet’s mind.

Stanzas (6 – 11)
Gist with Glossary:

There were……………………………………….. love you. (Lines 21 – 42)
Gist :
Circumstances intervened in their lives. They lived far away from each other. There were days when both of them were in tears. Nevertheless, they overcame those moments and their friendship continues. In spite of being separated by distance, the poet cherishes the smile of her friend. The poet speaks highly of their friendship. She hopes it grows and prospers and stands the test of time forever. The friend is extra special to her. In her, the poet finds a true friend, a guardian, and a protector. Their friendship is exceptional. The poet fervently wishes that they stick to it. They cannot allow such a pleasure to vanish. The poet expresses her deep love for her true friend.

Glossary:
we didn’t see eye-to-eye: the poet and her friend have misunderstood.
our……….. died: their friend stands the test of time
Circumstances……. apart: circumstances have intervened in their lives. As a result, they don’t stay together for long.
Treasured: cherished (ସଞ୍ଚ)
Flourishes: prospers (ସମୃଦ୍ଧ ହେବ)
Lasts Unto Infinitely: their friendship lasts forever
extra-special: extraordinary(ଅସାଧାରଣ)
My Guardian Angel: one who protects and guides (ତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା)
pure bliss: pure happiness (ନିରୋଳା ସୁଖ)
fly away : vanish (ଉଭେଇଯିବ)
I will…….you: The poet wishes that she always loves her friend.

Introducing The Poet:
Elizabeth Pinard born in the U.K. writes on science fiction and fantasies. Her works include Black City, Origin, etc. She is influenced by J. K. Rowling and Stephen Mayer.

About The Poem:
To My True Friend, as the title signifies, is about the poet’s best friend. She lavishly praises her friend in great measure. The poet cherishes her memories.

Summary :
The poet’s first meeting with someone was somewhat special. In her, the former found a genuine friend. She prayed for a never-ending friendship with her, Her friend was a pillar of support to the poet when she was passing through a difficult time. In other words, her winsome smile encouraged the poet in times of her crisis. In her despair, the friend was a fountain of hope and assurance, and that too without ever judging her.

When the poet was in a fix, she gave her advice and encouragement. She was always there to comfort her. She was the poet’s biggest support both in fair and foul weather. Her friend helped her find self-acceptance and she showed her how to love herself.

They were at boarding school together until 1999. At some point in time, quarrels and misunderstandings arose between the poet and her friend. Still, then their friendship continues. There were times when both of them shed tears. Nevertheless, they overcame those painful moments.

Circumstances have made them live apart. Distance has separated them, yet the poet cherished the memories of her friend in great measure. She will never give up hope that their paths are destined to cross again. The friend was the sweetest part of her life. The poet misses her positive outlook on her. She will always have an ‘extra special’ place in her heart. The poem comes to an end with the poet’s final wish for keeping their most precious friendship intact for all time to come.

ସାରାଂଶ:
ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଶଂସାର ବର୍ଷା ଢାଳି ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି । କବିଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ସାକ୍ଷାତ ଥିଲା ଏକ ସ୍ଵତନ୍ତ୍ର ପ୍ରକାରର । ସେ ତାଙ୍କଠାରେ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କଲେ ଜଣେ ପ୍ରକୃତ ଏବଂ ବାସ୍ତବ ବନ୍ଧୁର ସମସ୍ତ ଗୁଣାବଳୀ । ତାଙ୍କ ସହ କବିଙ୍କର ବନ୍ଧୁତା ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହେଲା । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ବର ପରିସମାପ୍ତି ନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ କବି କୌଣସି ବିପଦରେ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ବନ୍ଧୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ତାଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଆଶା ଓ ଆଶ୍ଵାସନାର ଝରଣା ପାଲଟି ଯାଆନ୍ତି ।

ଯେତେବେଳେ କବି କୌଣସି ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ପଡ଼ିଯାଆନ୍ତି, ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଓ ଉତ୍ସାହ ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସେ କବିଙ୍କର ଉଭୟ ସମ୍ପଦ ଓ ବିପଦ ସମୟର ତ୍ରାଣକର୍ତ୍ତା । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ମନରେ ଆତ୍ମପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଭରିଦେବା ସହ ନିଜକୁ କିପରି ଭଲ ପାଇବାକୁ ହୁଏ ଶିଖେଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନେ ଏକାଠି ଛାତ୍ରାବାସ ୧୯୯୯ ମସିହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ରହିଥିଲେ । କେତେକ ସମୟରେ କବି ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ

ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ଚାପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଲଗା ରହିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଛି । ଦୂରତ୍ବ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଲଗା କରିଦେଇଛି, ତଥାପି ସେ ବିତାଇଥିବା ସମୟ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ସୁଖଦ ସମୟ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ସବୁବେଳେ ରହିବେ । କବି ତାଙ୍କର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵ କାଳକାଳ ପାଇଁ ଅକ୍ଷୁଣ୍ଣ ରହୁ ବୋଲି ଆଶା ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Poetry:

• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Question Answer
• Oft, in the Stilly Night Question Answer
• The Inchcape Rock Question Answer
• To My True Friend Question Answer
• Fishing Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text D: The Case against Man Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 16 The Case against Man Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Case against Man Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-14

a) It means that mankind is although a living organism, it is also a thing or inanimate object.
b) The unrestrained population growth is compared with cancer. This is a good comparison because its growth will kill mankind as cancer.
c) If the present rate of population growth continues the ecology will be spoilt.
d) the thesis of the essay is increasing the birth rate and its control He waits to describe things and then concludes.
e) This is really a problem that has been shown by the author perfectly and which does not need any other way of description.
f) Interrelation and interdependence are in common among the living and nonliving things on earth.
g) The conclusion of the essay is— At the rate, we are going without birth control, then even if science serves us in an absolutely ideal way, we will reach the planetary high-rise with no animals but men, with no plants but algae, with no room for even one more person by AD. 2430.
h) The essay starts with the interrelation of the living and the nonliving and ends in control of the birth rate which will help the organism to double itself.

Activity-15

	Headings	Paragraph Numbers
a)	The thesis of the problem: “birth control”	21
b)	Reasons/causes Lowering death rate	19
c)	Examples: The number of Homo Sapiens increase	16
d)	Suggested solution: Birth control	19
e)	Special Features of the Development of the Argument (if any)	19, 20
f)	Conclusion Ready birth control without delay	20, 21, 22, 23

Activity – 16

Rather than exploiting the environment shouldn’t we be in a partnership? If we continue to waste the earth’s resources as if there were no tomorrow, there could well be no tomorrow. By the year 2010, one-third of the world’s cropland will have turned to dust, of people, will face starvation. All this is happening since our civilization has kept on expanding, on the assumption that the world’s resources are limitless. But merely stopping growth is not the answer. What we need is development that works in partnership with the environment that uses the earth’s resources more productively and after all is suitable at the same time. This is the reason why our organization Earth life exists.

Activity-17

Anita : Hello, Banita. You have a debate today, haven’t you?
Banita: Yes Anni. It’s at 2-30 p.m.
Anita: What’s it about?
Banita: It’s about population explosion.
Anita : Population explosion ! It’s a burning topic, isn’t it?
Banita: Yes, it is. But it’s a topic that needs many things to incorporate.
Anita: What’re you going to hint at?
Banita: Just the causes and consequences of population growth.
Anita: Won’t you suggest any solution?
Banita: Yes, I will.
Anita: Why’s the population on the rise now?
Banita: It’s owing to the lower death rate.
Anita: Lower death rate! Aren’t people dying now? You’ll see in the papers hundreds of people are dying every day.
Banita: No, no. People are dying but their number is eye-catching due to the high population and media network.
Anita: Do you think that the death rate has really come down?
Banita: Is there doubt about it? The death rate is very much lower than before. Thousands of people were dying of starvation, Cholera, and Smallpox in the past. But we don’t see these diseases active now. A number of villages were having mass funerals with the approach of such a disease.
Anita: You’re quite right Banita. This was a usual case that is not seen these days. Thank you.

Activity -18

Pranati: Hello. This is 250845
Minati: Can I speak to Pranati, please?
Pranati: Yes, speaking
Minati: Hi Pranati, it’s Minati here.
Pranati: Listen, Minu, We’d proposed to go to the cinema this afternoon, hadn’t we?
Minati: Yes, we had. You told me to book a pair of tickets and inform me earlier what’s about.
Pranati: I’m quite sorry. I failed to book tickets at the counter. I’d gone to do it, but I wasn’t able to.
Minati: What’s really happened?
Pranati: The counters were overcrowded. None of the counters was free to buy a ticket at.
Minati: The film has recently been released. People must be thronging to see it.
Pranati: Yes, Blakers are moving about. They are charging very high. I didn’t feel like purchasing a ticket from them.
Minati: OK. Don’t mind. We’ll see the cinema within a couple of days. The rush will be subsiding. Thank you.
Pranati: Welcome

Activity – 19

• In Kingston, Jamaica’s capital, RSLs own cruiser is waiting to introduce them to the unique world of the Caribbean.
• Every Tuesday a British Airways flight leaves Heathrow for Jamaica.
• Like all our ships, this cruiser has been specially designed to give you maximum comfort, luxury, and enjoyment.
• For this lucky one it’s the beginning of an unforgettable air-sea holiday with the world’s leading cruiser company. The Royal Seafaring Line.
• For many of the passengers, it’s just a normal scheduled flight, but for some, it’s the start of something very special.
• Whether you choose relaxation on board or stimulation on land,’ you will have the holiday of a lifetime.
• And it’s all included in the price — Just 1,995 for 21 days.
• While you can thus spend a perfect holiday without leaving the ship, there is also the added attraction of fascinating store visits at each of our parts of the cell.
• So you can relax on the vest sun deck, bide your time with a cocktail, or dance till dawn in the nightclub or in the discotheque.
• So don’t delay- See your travel agents today.

The Case Against Man Summary in English

Section – D
Part – One

Summary:
The first mistake is to think of man as a thing in itself. It is, however, a part of an intricate problem of life. Life gets its energy from the sun. Five billion years back, the earth had undergone a vast revolution. On its first appearance, it lacked an ocean and an atmosphere. Far within the solid crust, there are slow continual changes whose hot springs, volcanoes, and earthquakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface.

Portions of the surface water with solar radiation developed complicated compounds called ‘life’. It has assumed a complex proportion. But, life forms are as much part of the structure of the Earth as any inanimate portion is. It is all an inseparable part of a whole if any animal is isolated totally from other forms of life, and death by starvation will surely follow. If isolated from water, death by dehydration will follow even faster.

If isolated from air, death by asphyxiation will take place. Isolation from the sun will bring death to the animal world. The inanimate portion also suffers. The entire planet and solar system are closely interrelated. A planet is a life form made up of nonliving portions. For instance, a man is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent.

Part – Two

Summary:
Sometimes, the neat economy of growth within an organism such as a human being is disrupted. The growing of a group of cells is stopped. If one type of organism began to multiply without limit killing its competitors, the same thing would happen in ecology. The earth’s human population is estimated to have been 150 million al the time of Julius Caesar. This population since then has been on the rise. It is really an alarming proportion.

The current increase of the human population qualifies Homo Sapiens as ecological cancer. However, this cancerous growth must be stopped. It can be done by raising the death rate or towering the birth rate. There is no other alternative. If we do nothing, the death rate will rise fabulously. Lowering the birth rate is surely the preferable way.

Analytical outlines of the Text

• The first mistake is to think of man as a thing in itself.
• It is, however, a part of an intricate problem of life.
• Life gets its energy from the sun.
• Five billion years back, the earth had undergone a vast revolution.
• On its first appearance. it had lacked an ocean and an atmosphere.
• Far within the solid crust, there are slow continual changes.
• The hot springs, volcanoes, and earthquakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface.
• Portions of the surface water with solar radiation developed complicated compounds called life.
• It has assumed a complex proportion.
• But life forms are as much part of the structure of the Earth as any inanimate portion is.
• It is all an inseparable part of a whole.
• Any animal is isolated totally from other forms of life.
• It will surely follow death by i$arvation.
• Any animal is isolated from water.
• It will follow death by dehydration.
• Any animal is isolated from the air.
• It will take place death by asphyxiation.
• Isolation from the sun will bring death to the animal world.
• The inanimate portion also suffers.
• The entire planet and solar system are closely interrelated.
• A planet is a life form made up of nonliving, portions.

• For instance, a man is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types all interrelated and interdependent.
• Sometimes, the net economy of growth within an organism such as a human being is disrupted.
• The growing of a group of cells is stopped.
• One type of organism began to multiply without limit killing its competitors.
• The disruption will happen in ecology.
• The earth’s human population is estimated to have been 150 million at the time of Julius Caesar.
• This population since then has been on the rise.
• It is really an alarming proportion.
• The current increase in the human population qualifies Homo Sapiens as ecological cancer.
• However, this cancerous growth must be stopped.
• It can be achieved in two ways.
• One is by raising the death rate.
• The other is by lowering the birth rate.
• There is no other alternative.
• We have to do something.
• Otherwise, the death rate will rise fabulously.
• Lowering the birth rate is certainly the preferable way.

Meaning of difficult words

crust – the thin hard surface of the earth.
versatile – clever to do a number of things, good at doing a lot of different things.

asphyxiation – death by choking.
reefs – a line of sharp rocks, often made of coral.
quiescent – becoming quiet or silent, not developing or doing anything.
cougar – a puma, a large brown wild cat of North West America.
decimated – killed large numbers of ruined a large part of something.
predators – animals that live by killing and eating other animals.
ecology – the study of living things in their surroundings.
Homo Sapiens – the type of human beings that inhabit the earth now.
catastrophically- in a terribly destructive manner.

Read More:

• Text A: That Lean, Hungry Look Question Answer
• Text B: What is Art? Question Answer
• Text C: Psychobabble Question Answer
• Text D: The Case against Man Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text B: What is Art? Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 14 What is Art? Question Answers CHSE Odisha

What is Art? Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-5
Getting The Main Idea Of The Paragraph

Find out a suitable title for each of the paragraphs in Text-B (Part one)

Paragraph     Title
1                 :
2                 :
3                 :
4                 :
5                 :
6                 :
7                 :

Answer:
Paragraph -1 : Title – Defining Art.
Paragraph -2: Title – Relationship of Art.
Paragraph -3 : Title – Art Transmitting Human Thought.
Paragraph -4 : Title – Activity of Art.
Paragraph -5: Title – Man’s capacity of Receiving other’s Emotional Dimensions.
Paragraph -6 : Title – Infecting feelings.
Paragraph -7 : Title – Object of Joining Another.

Descriptive Sequence

After going through part two Text-B, read the whole of Text-B (That is, both the parts) and arrange the following items in the sequence in which they are presented in the Text.
a) Discussing what art is not.
b) Talking about defining art.
c) Speaking about the characteristics of art.
d) Citing examples that does not amount to art.
e) Comparing art with speech.
f) Arriving at a definition of art.
g) Speaking of the variety of feelings on which art is based.

Answer:
a) Talking about defining art.
b) Comparing art with speech.
c) Speaking of the characteristics of art.
d) Speaking of the variety of feelings on which art is based.
e) Arriving at a definition of art.
f) Discussing what art is not.
g) Citing examples of what does not amount to art.

Activity-7
Reacting To The Ideas In The Text

• Art is superior to speech because it transmits feelings as well as thoughts because a man transmits his thoughts to another by words but by art, he transmits his feelings.
• Tolstoy speaks of the essential elements of art in paragraph 5 but seems to contradict himself in the next paragraph. The views presented in these two paragraphs can, however, be concealed.
• The analogy between the boy who encounters- a wolf and the artist who recreates his emotions in a work of art is now appropriate because the feelings and emotions are equally infected with one another.
• The writer begins his essay by saying that art should not be considered “as a means to pleasure” but should be considered “as one of the conditions of human life”. And he has proved this in his essay taking suggestive examples from various lores of life.

Activity – 8

a) A direct approach is chosen to define the term ‘renaissance’ in passage 1, but a descriptive technique is followed in passage 2 to define the term ‘elegance’.
b) An etymological analysis of the term ‘renaissance’ finds an outlet in passage 1 but the implied meaning of the term ‘elegance’ is given in passage 2.
c) A general meaning of the word ‘renaissance’ is reflected in passage 1 whereas the views and considerations of the word ‘elegance’ have been found in passage 2.

Activity-9
Remedial Grammar

My town is an excellent place to live in, I think it is wonderful. It is an important town, because, it is the center of the district administration. It is also great because of the two very famous museums. The weather here is nice. It is hot in summer with occasional rains and is cool in winter. I like my home town very much.

What is Art? Summary in English

Section – B
Part – One
Read below the first paragraph of Leo Tolstoy’s “What is Art ?” and try to guess the writer’s purpose.
In order to define art correctly it is necessary first of all to cease to consider it as a means to pleasure and to consider it as one of the conditions of human life viewing it in this way, we can’t fail to observe that art is one of the means of intercourse between man and man. Now read part one of Text B and note how Tolstoy develops his idea of art across the paragraph.

Summary:
Leo Tolstoy defines art to cease to consider it as a means to pleasure and to consider it as one of the conditions of human life. Art is an intercourse between man and man. The receiver of every work of art enters into a certain kind of relationship both with him who produced or is producing the art and with all those who simultaneously, previously or subsequently receive the same artistic impression, speech transmitting the thoughts and experiences of man serve as a means of union among them and art serves a similar purpose.

A man communicates himself with another by means of words and by it he transmits his feelings. A man shares his feelings by listening to another man. When one man laughs, another becomes merry to hear it. But when a man cries, another feels sorry. A man is excited or irritated and another man who sees him is brought to a similar state of mind by his movements or by the sounds of his voice. A man expresses courage and determination or sadness and calmness and this state of mind passes on to others.

A man suffers expressing his suffering through groans and spasms and this suffering transmits itself to other people. A man expresses his feelings of admiration, devotion, fear, respect, or love to certain objects, persons, or phenomena and others infected by the same feelings of administration, devotion, fear, respect or love to some objects, persons or phenomena. Art begins when one person expresses his feelings by certain external indications in order to join others or others.

For instance, a boy having experienced fear of encountering a wolf relates the encounters, and in order to evoke in others the feelings he has experienced describes his conditions before the encounter, the surrounding of the world, his own lightheartedness, and then, the wolf’s appearance, its movements, the distance between himself and the wolf and so forth. If only the boy when telling the story again experiences the feelings he has lived through and infects the heart and compels them to feel that he had experienced is art.

It is also art if a man having experienced either the fear of suffering or the attraction of enjoyment expresses these feelings on canvas or in marble so that others are infected by them. It is again art of a man who feels or imagines to himself feelings of delight gladness, sorrow, despair, courage or despondency and the transition by sounds from me to another of those feelings and expresses them by sounds so that the hearers are inflected by them and experience them as they were experienced by the composer.

Analytical outlines of the text:

• According to Leo Tolstoy, art is a means to provide pleasure.
• He also considers it as one of the conditions of human life.
• Art is an intercourse between man and man.
• The receiver of every work of art enters into a certain kind of relationship both with him.
• It is a relationship with him who produced or is producing the art.
• It relates to those who simultaneously, previously or subsequently receive the same artistic impression.
• Speeches transmitting the thoughts and experiences .of men serve as a means of union, among them and art serves a similar purpose.
• A man communicates himself with another by means of words and by it he transmits his feelings.

• A man shares his feelings by listening to another.
• One man laughs, and another becomes merry to hear it.
• One man cries and another becomes feel sorry.
• A man as excited or irritated.
• Another is brought to the same state by seeing it.
• He acquires it by his movements or the sounds of his voice.
• A man expresses his courage or determination.
• This state of mind passes to another.
• A man expresses his sadness or calmness.
• This state of mind passes to another.
• A man expresses his suffering through groans or spasms.
• It transmits itself to other people.
• A man expresses his admiration, devotion, fear, respect, and love to certain objects, persons or phenomena.
• Others are infected by the same feelings.
• Art begins when one joins others with the same feelings.
• For instance, a boy experiences of fear by encountering a wolf.
• He expresses this fear in order to evoke a feeling in others.

• He provides an elaborate description of it.
• He expresses the conditions before the encounter.
• He also expresses the surrounding of the words.
• He also expresses his distance from the wolf.
• On the other hand, he also expresses the wolf’s appearance, its movement, distance from him, etc.
• When he compels others to feel his experiences, it is called art.
• Hence, to be an art, the feelings of suffering and enjoyment should be infected by them.
• When a man feels or imagines those feelings of delight, gladness, sorrow, despair, etc. it is called art.
• Therefore, art refers to the transmission of the sounds of those feelings from one man to other so that one must be infected by them and also experiences them by themselves.

Meaning of difficult words:

simultaneously – happening at the same time.
previously – formerly.
subsequently – followingly.
intercourse – deal with, interact, and communicate.
transmit – sends, communicates.
groan – moan, lamentation.
spasms – muscular contraction, stiffness of muscles.
encountering – facing, confronting, meeting
despondency – misery, sorrow, unhappiness.
transition – change, transformation, movement.

Text-B
Part – Two

Summary:
The feelings which the artist transmits to others are varied and many. Some are very strong and some are very weak, some significant and others insignificant, some very bad, and others very good. Patriotic love, self-devotion and yielding to fate or to God in drama, raptures of lovers in. a novel, voluptuousness in a picture, courage in triumphal marches, merriment in a dance, and humor in a funny story are all different forms of art. If the feelings of the author are transmitted to the spectators, they are deemed to be rightly infected.

Art is certainly a human activity that consists of external signs hands-on to other’s feelings he had lived through and that others are infected by these feelings and also experience them. The metaphysicians state that art is not the manifestation of some, mysterious idea of the beauty of God. Physiologists view a game in which man lets off his excess stored-up energy, is not man s expression of emotion by external signs. It is neither pleasure nor the production of pleasing objects.

Analytical outlines of Part Two.

• The artist’s transmission of feelings to others is varied and many.
• Some are very strong and others are very weak.
• Some are significant and others are insignificant.
• Even some are very good and others are very bad.
• There are different forms of art.
• Patriotic love and self-devotion are the same.
• Raptures of lovers in a novel, and voluptuousness in a picture are others.
• Also, courage in a triumphal march, merriment in a dance, and humor in a tunny spry are still others.
• If the feelings of the writer are transmitted to the audience, they are deemed to be rightly infected.

• Art is, certainly, a human activity.
• It consists of external signs hands-on to other’s feelings.
• Others are infected by these feelings.
• They also experience these feelings.
• The metaphysicians opine that art is not the manifestation of some mysterious idea of the beauty of God.
• Physiologists view it is a game in which man gets off his excess stored up energy.
• It is not the expression of man’s emotion by external signs.
• It is neither pleasure nor the production of pleasing objects.
• It is a means of union among men joining them together in the same feelings.

Read More:

• Text A: That Lean, Hungry Look Question Answer
• Text B: What is Art? Question Answer
• Text C: Psychobabble Question Answer
• Text D: The Case against Man Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text C: New Superstitions for Old Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 11 New Superstitions for Old Question Answers CHSE Odisha

New Superstitions for Old Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity-12
Comprehension

Read Text-C (Part-one) once again after getting the meaning (i) Omen (paragraph- 3), (ii) freighted (paragraph 6) and (iii) heathen (paragraph 7) from a dictionary, if you don’t know their meanings. And then answer the following questions as briefly as possible.

Question (a)
In which paragraph does Mead say , that some long standing rituals are nothing but superstitions ? List five long-standing rituals which the writer mentions.
Answer:
Paragraph-1 says that some long standing rituals are nothing but superstitions. The five, long standing rituals which the writer mentions are:
1. lucky and unlucky numbers.
2. future events which cah be read from omens,
3. protective charms.
4. what happens can be influenced by casting spells.
5. magic.

Question (b)
In what way are religion and superstition similar ? And how are they different ?
Answer:
Actually, both religion and superstition are based on belief or faith or practices and ways of thinking that have been given up, because they are inconsistent with scientific knowledge. Moreover, superstition and religion have a slight difference. Superstition is used in a derogatory sense and religion has a high status.

Extra Activity – 12(A)

Question 1.
What is, according to the writer, superstition ?
Answer:
The author explains the meaning of superstition straightforward. According to him, superstition refers to old folk faith of beliefs, practices or ways of thinking. There are lucky and unlucky numbers and days, that future events can be read from omens that there are protective charms or that what happens can be influenced by acting spells magic is another form of superstitions.

Question 2.
There is something which is most likely to happen that evokes the memory of some old fold belief, what is that ?
Answer:
It is the folk belief- spilling salt, a knife falling on floor, nose tickling that evokes its memory.

Question 3.
What are the observances of childhood ?
Answer:
Wishing on the first star, looking at the new moon over the right shoulder, avoiding the cracks in the side walk on the way to school, wishing on while horses on loads of way, on covered bridges on red cars are the observances of childhood.

Extra Activity – 12(B)

‘So’ and ‘Such’ and their uses.
(A) Study these Examples:
Ex.
1. I didn’t enjoy the boolc. The story was so stupid,
2. I didn’t enjoy the book. It was much a stupid story.
we use ‘so’ + adjective/adverb
so stupid; so quick,
so nice, so quickly
we use ‘such’ + noun ,
such a story; such people
we also use such + adjective + noun
such a stupid story; such nice people.

X:B: We use ‘such a’, but not ‘a such’

(B) ‘So’ and ‘such’ make the meaning of adjective/adverb stronger.
Ex.
1. It is a lovely day. It’s so warm (=really warm)
2. He is difficult to understand because he speaks so quickly.
3. We enjoyed our holiday. We had such a good time (- really a good time)

You can use ‘so…..that’……
Ex.
1. The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.
2. I was so tired that I fell asleep in. the arm chair.
3. It was such lovely weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.

(C) We also use ‘so’ and ‘such’ in the (meaning of ‘like this’:
Ex. 1. I was surprised to find out that the
1. house was built hundred years ago. I didn’t realise it was so old. (as old as it is)
2. I expected the weather to be much wanner. I did not expect it to be so cool.
3. I didn’t realize it was such an old house.
4. The house was so untidy. I’ve never seen such a mess.

(D) We say, ‘so long’ ‘but’ ‘such a long time’
Ex.
1. I haven’t seen her so long.
2. I didn’t know it was such a long way.

We say: ‘so far’ but ‘such a long way’
Ex. I didn’t know it was so far.
We say: ‘so much’ ‘so many’ but such a let (of).
1. Why did you buy so much food ?
2. Why did you buy such a lot of food ?

Enough and too:
A. The position of ‘enough’: Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs:
Ex.
1. He didn’t get the job because he wasn’t experienced enough.
2. You won’t pass , the examination as you don’t work hard enough.

The Opposite is too (too hard, too old etc.)
Ex. You never stop working. You work too hard. ‘Enough’ normally goes before nouns:
Ex. . He didn’t get the job, because he hadn’t . enough experience.

B. We say ‘enough/too for (somebody/something)
Ex.
1. I haven’t got enough money for a holiday.
2. He hasn’t experienced enough for the job.

We also say ‘enough/too to’ to do something:
Ex.
1. Enough money to buy something.
2. Too you to do something.
We say:
The food was so hot that we couldn’t eat it.

Quite and Rather
A. Quite = less than ‘very’ but more than ‘a little’.
Ex
1. I’m surprised you haven’t heard of her. She is quite famous.
2. It’s quite cold. You’.d better wear your coat.

‘Quite’ goes before a/an.
Ex: ‘quite a nice day; quite an old house.
B. Rather Is similar to quite. We usc ‘rather’ with negative words and negative íd cas.
Ex.
1. It’s rather cold. You’d better wear your coat.
2. The examination was rather difficult.

‘Quite’ can be used in such sentences having positive ideas:
Ex. She’s quite intelligent.
When we use ‘rather’ with positive words (nice, it means ‘unusually’ or ‘surprisingLy’. ,
Ex. rathernice/interesting.
‘Rather’ can go before or after a/am. a rather interestiñg book, rather an interesting book.

C. ‘Quite’ also means ‘completely’:
Ex. 1. Are you sure? Yes, quite sure = (compktely sure) quite right, quite obvious, quite different etc. ‘No quite’ means not ‘completely’:
Ex: They haven’t quite finished their dinner yet. We also use ‘quite’ fr completely with)
some verbs:
Ex: I quite agree with you.

Activity-B
Comprehension

Answer the following questions

Question (a)
What is the thesis of Mead’s article? In which paragraph does it appear ?
Answer:
The thesis of Mead’s article is that if we are to make good use of knowledge, we must not only rid our minds of old superseded beliefs and fragments of magical practice but also recognize new superstitions for what they are. This has been explained inparagraph-12.

Question (b)
What is Mead’s attitude towards her subject ? Does she feel that superstitions are silly or useful ? Explain.
Answer:
Mead’s attitude towards her subject is to teach humanity the sense of rationality amidst the superstitions mentioned. Superstitions are both silly and useful. Actually, most of them are silly and some of them are useful when used as transitional object for children.

Question (c)
Which article was originally published in 1966 in a magazine aimed at young mothers. In what way does Mead tailor her subject to fit her readers ? How cduld she has increased the relevance of the article for this audience ?
Answer:
Mothers and first teachers both form the tender minds of little children. They exert a great influence in the formative years of children. It is a mother who can instill superstition in the minds of children or can rid them of these unwarranted things keeping this in View, Mead tries to tailor her subject to fit (First Year) to her’readers. She could have made the audience of the text more explicit and particular.

Question (d)
Mead begins her article by directly addressing her reader and their superstitions; she uses this device later in the article too. What is the effect of fhis technique ?
Answer:
Mead begins her article by directly addressing her readers and their superstitions. .Use of such techniques is to achieve direct response from the readers. This writing needs direct and immediate attention. Indirect approach may not provide a right attitude. Here, direct approach makes the essay more sustainable.

Question (e)
By what methods of development does Mead expand her definition of superstition ? What other methods might she have used ?
Answer:
Mead expands her definition of superstition in a descriptive method. He prefers description to prescription. This method is the right way of treating the subject matter.

Activity-14
Discourse Maker: Link Words

Fill in the blanks with appropriate expressions from the list: (for instance, however, usually, but, fortunately, but, because, if, but then).

When young, we’re naturally a creative _____________ we let our minds run free _____________ as we’re taught to follow the rules our thinking narrows. For much of life this can be a biessing. It wouldn’t do to create a new way horn? from work of it meant driving down the wrong side of the road. _____________ in many areas of our lives creativity can be a matter of survival. Things are changing too fast to get along simply with old ideas. Half of what any technical engineer had learnt ten years ago became obsolete in only three years. And what about our homes lives ? With _____________. more and more women opting, for careers and independence, couples have to be more creative about their relationship to avoid conflicts. _____________ creativity is not all that mysterious. An important creative trait was well-defined by a Noble Prize winning physician _____________ he said, “Discovery consists of seeing what everyday has been and thinking what nobody has thought.” _____________ how we start “thinking what nobody has thought ?” _____________ it takes a week ort the head- like Sir. Isaac Newton supposedly had when an apple striking his skull awakened him to the laws of gravity _____________ we’re more likely to respond creativity which is to day, think of a new idea we _____________ have already been chipping awhy at the mental blocks that close our minds.

Answer:
When young, we’re naturally creative if we let our minds run free but as we’re taught to follow the rules our thinking narrows. For much life, this can be a blessing. It wouldn’t do to create a new way home from work if it meant driving down the wrong side of the road. Fortunately, in many areas of our lives, creativity can be a matter of survival. Things are changing too fast to get along simply with old ideas. Half of what any technical engineer had learned ten years ago became obsolete in only three years. And what about our home lives ? With, however, more and more women opting, for careers and independence, couples have to be more creative about their relationship to avoid conflicts. But creativity is not all that mysterious. An important creative trait was well-defined by a Noble Prize-winning physician because he said, “Discovery consists of seeing what every day has been and thinking what nobody has thought.” But then, how we start ‘thinking what nobody has thought ?” usually it takes a week on the head- like Sir. Isaac Newton supposedly had when an apple striking his skull awakened him to the laws of gravity for instance, we’re more likely to respond to creativity which is today, think of a new idea because we have already been chipping away at the ‘mental blocks’ that close our minds.

Activity-15
Dialogue Writing

While writing a dialogue you may keep in mind the following suggestions: .:
i) The primary focus of a dialogue should be on (a) giving information and (b) moving the conversation forwards.
ii) Avoid stilled (= stiff and unrealistic) dialogue so that it doesn’t sound pedantic, long-winded or too formal (use short words and contracted forms such as n’t, ’l l, ‘m, ‘d as far as practicable.
iii) Avoid repeated information and using the listener’s name is every line of the dialogue.
iv) Each of the characters in the dialogue should take turns and equally participate in the conversation.
v) There are three main parts of a dialogue: (a) greeting, (b) purposive conversation and (c) leave-taking.
vi) Some of the commonly used greeting are: Formal

(A)
X: How do you do?
Y: How do you do?

(B)
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Good day

(A)
X: How are you (today)?
Y: Fine, thank you/very well, thank you.

(B)
X: Hello, Ramesh (also spelled Hallo or Hello)
Y: Hello, Sultana

(C)
X: Hi!
Y : Hi!

vii) Some of the common expression is used while faking leave are: Good bye, Bye, Bye-bye, Good night, See you, So long.

Here is a dialogue for you to complete:
Sunita wishes to do a part time computer course. She’s making enquiries at a private computer institute. The replies she gives arc given. You have to guess her questions from the clues given against each blank space.
(Remember, she is making requests for information, so she must use polite forms such
as: May I __________ / I can you please __________!/
would you __________? would you mind __________?

Sunita : Good evening, Madam. l am Sunita, __________ I __________ (may what courses)
Receptionist : Gopd evening, dear. We offer Windows, Pascel, C++, Java, Oracle and a few other advance courses as well
Sunita: __________ (which, should)
Receptionist: You can start with Windows and.then move on to others.
Sunita: __________ (can, part time)
Receptionist: Yes you certainly can.
Sunita: __________ (join in morning sessions)
Receptionist: We have both morning and evening sessions you can join either of them.
Sunita: __________ (will, I)
Receptionist: Certainly you will not only be allowed, you will be asked to handle computers from the second week onwards.
Sunita: __________
Receptionist: Two thousand rupees for Windows. For the other Dourses it will be slightly higher.
Sunita: _________ (can, installments)
Receptionist: You can pay it in monthly installments.
Sunita: _________(when, start)
Receptionist: Next week, you can rightly join away.
Sunita: _________(cleave-taking)

Answer:
Sunita: Good evening, Madam. I am Sunita, may I know what courses you offer?
Receptionist: Good evening, dear. We offer Windows, Pascel, C++, Java, Oracle and a few other advance courses as well.
Sunita: Which of these should I stat with?
Receptionist : You can start with Windows and then move on to others.
Sunita : Can 1 take up the course part time?
Receptionist : Yes, you certainly can.
Sunita  : May join the morniftg session ?
Receptionist : We have both morning and evening sessions, you can join either of them.
Sunita : What is trie duration of the course.
Receptionist : It depends, Windows is a three-month course. The advanced courses are a few months longer.
Sunita : Will you please saý if I’ll be allowed to touch the computer?
Receptionist : Certainly you will not only be allowed, you will be asked to handle computers from the second week onwards.
Sunita: What fees do you çhar.gefor the courses?
Receptionist: Two thousand rupees for Windows. For the other courses it will be slightly higher.
Sunita: Can I pay the fees on installments ‘?‘
Receptionist: You can pay it in monthly installments.
Sunita: When do you start the course?
Receptionist: Next week, you can rightly join away.
Sunita: Thank you. Good night Madam, (leave-talking)

Activity- 16
The Dialogue Writing

Write a dialogue on superstition between two friends, one of them very progressive and scientific in outlook and the other very conservative. You may find the expressions, useful while writing the dialogue.
I think that _________ I’m not sure that ____________
In my opinion ___________ May be __________
I would say that __________ Some paople would say that __________
As far as l’m concerned __________ Perhaps it s a, question of ___________

Answer:
Ramesh : Hello, Paresh, how are you?.
Paresh : Fine, thank you, How are you?
Ramesh : Veiy well,-thank you. Did you go to New Delhi last month ?
Paresh : Oh, no Ramesh, I saw an evil omen just when I was leaving home for Delhi.
Ramesh : Evil omen 1 ‘What’s it ?
Paresh : A black cat. It crossed the way before me when I just started my journey. I’d to cancel my tour. My parents also suggested doing that.
Ramesh : Do you really believe that cats an evil omen?
Paresh : Ves; I do. I think that cats spoil a journey.
Ramesh : But, ¡n my opinion, cats are never a sign of evil.
Paresh : Why do you conceive of such a believe?
Ramesh : I’d say that they are normal natural beings. They are neither evil nor auspicious.
Paresh : But some people would say that cats are dangerous creatures. They spoil jourñcy.
Ramesh : As far as I’m concerned I don’t have a negative attitude to these simple creatures. May be old people had a superstitious notion about them. But time has changed, you knowpèople have cats for their pets, they also carty cats with them when they go on journey. Their journeys are not spoiled. Do you know a young màn was 3topped going to Delhi by his mother to appear at the viva voce test of the civil service examination following the appearance of a cat. He left home and topped the list of the LAS. candidates.
Paresh : Thank you, Hope to see ,again Good bye.

Extra Activity – 16(A)]
All, every and whole

A. All, every body/every one.
We do not normally use all to mean every body/every one.
Ex.
Every body enjoyed the party ( not all enjoyed……)
But note that we say all of us/you/them not every body of
Ex.
All of us enjoyed the party.

B. All and every thing.
Ex: I’ll do all I can to help or I’ll do everything

C. ‘Every/everybody/every one/every thing” are singular words which take singular verbs.
Ex:
1. Every seat in the theatre was taken.
2. Every bddy has arrived.
But we often use ‘they/them/their after everybody/everyone.
Ex:
Everybody said they enjoyed themselves.

D. ‘All’ and ‘whole’ ”
Whole = complete/entire
It’s use singular countable nouns.
Ex:
1. Did you read the whole book ?
2. She lived her whole life in Scotland.

E. ‘Every / all / whole’ with time expansion:
We use ‘every’ to say how often something happens.
Ex:
1. We went to the beach everyday.
2. There’s a bus every ten minutes.

Each’ and ‘Every’

A. Each and every are similar in meaning.
Ex:
Each time (-every time) I see you, you look different. But sometimes, there is a difference between the two, we use each, when w.e think of things separately one by one.
Ex:
Study each sentence carefully (= study sentences one by one) But ‘every’ is used with the things in a group.
Ex:
Every sentence must have a verb (= all sentences). ‘Each’ not ‘every’ can be used for two things.
Ex:
1. In a football match, each team has 11 players.
2. There is a bus every ten minutes.

B. ‘Each’ can be used in the middle and at the end of a sentence:
Ex:
1. The students were each given a book.
2. These oranges cost one rupee each.

C. ‘Everyone’and ‘every one’ ‘Everyone’ is used only for people. Every one both people and things.
Ex:
1. Every one enjoyed the party.
2. He’s invited to lots of parties and he goes to every one.

Both/Both of, neither/neither of, either/ either of.

A. We use ‘both/rather/either’! for two things. You canuse these words with a noan (both books, either books etc.)
Ex
1. Both restaûrant are vety good.
2. Neither restaurant is expensive.
3. We can go to either restaurant.

B. Both of …………………………./neither of …………………/either Of …………………

When you use these expressions you need the ………………../these ……………………/ those …………………… / any/your/his/them etc.
1. Both of these restaurants are very good.
2. Neither of the restaurant was expensive.
3. I haven’t been to either of the restaurants. We can use both of/neither off either of- us/you/them.
Ex:
1. Can either of you špeak Spanish.
2. I asked to people the way to the station but neither of them

C. You can ue b to/neither/eIther alone.
I. Which of these shirts do you like? ‘Hike both.
2. Is your friend British or American? ‘Neither’
3. ‘Do you like tea or coffee’? ‘ Either will do.

D. Both.L0…and……..
Ex:
Both Tom and Ann were late. 1%Telther……..no r…….
Ex:
Neither Liza nor Robin came to the party.
Either……..or……..
Ex:
I’m not sure where he’s from
He’s either Spanish or Italian.

E. Compare ‘either/netherfboth’ (two things) and any/none! all’ (more than two).
Ex
1. There are two good hotels in the town. You can stayåt either of them.
2. We tried two hotels. Neither of them had any rooms/Both of them were full.
3. There are many good hotels in the town. You can stay at any of them.
4. We tried a lot of hotels. None of them had any rooms/All of them were full.

New Superstitions for Old Summary in English

Section-C
Pre-reading Activity
In this section you will read an article by Margaret Mead, perhaps the best known American social scientist of the mid-20th century, who’wrote on social and ethical issues. This article bears the title “New Superstitions for Old”. Can you predict from die above title what the main points of the article could be ? and what is your definition of‘Superstition?
Now read the text-C (Part-one) quickly to cheque of your guesses are close to what Mead says.

Text-C
Part-One
By Margaret Mead Summary
Once upon a time, there is a time when everything seems to run smoothly and even , tire riskiest venture conies out exactly right and one demands that it is one’s lucky day. And still as an after thought it is said “knock on wood”. Still boastful, you carry out the little protective ritual. If challenged you would probably say “Oh, that’s nothing just an old superstition.”

Most people now treat old folk beliefs as superstitions, for instance, lucky and unlucky days or numbers that future events can be read from omens, that there are protective charms or that what happens can be influenced by costing spells. Superstitions belonging to the category of beliefs Which have been deserted due to their inconsistency with scientific; knowledge. The salt spills, a knife falls on the floor, your nose tickles, the person who spilled the salt tosses a pinch in his left shoulder are the commonest form of superstitions.

There are many other superstitions for which people had developed a strong sense of attraction. Superstition is used with another meaning on the religious line. In civilised religions, where membership include believers who are educated and urban and others traditions and practices.

Analytical outlines of the Text.

• Once upon a time, every thing seems to run smoothly.
• Even the riskiest venture comes out exactly right.
• According to one’s demand, it is his lucky day.
• As an after thought, it is said, “knock on word.
• We carry out the little protective ritual boastfully.
• We probably say, “Oh, that’s nothing just an old superstition”.
• Most people now treat old folk beliefs as superstitions.
• There are lucky and unlucky days or numbers.
• The future events can be read from omens.
• There are protective charms.
• The happening can be influenced by . costing spells.
• In religion, truth can’t be demonstrated.
• It becomes a matter of faith in religion.
• Superstitions belong to the category of beliefs.
• It also belongs to the category of practices and ways of thinking.
• These have been discarded.
• Because, they are inconsistent with scientific knowledge.
• It is easy to say that other people are superstitious.
• Because they believe what we regard to be untrue.
• In fact, even in most sophisticated home, we find the memory of some old fold belief.
• There are many commonest forms of superstitions.
• The salt spills, a knife falls to the floor are some of them.
• Even tickles of nose, some one recites the old rhyme, gentleman calls etc. are others.
• The person who spills the salt tosses a pinch over his left shoulder as a common form of superstition.
• “As you rub your nose you think” is the commonest one.
• There are many other superstitions for which people had developed a strong sense of attraction. ,
• Superstition can also be used with
• Do they really have a religion or it is all just superstition.
• This happens as we always follow traditions and practices.
• The more sophisticated of them will dismiss off hand as ‘just superstition’.
• But that guides the steps of those who live by older days.
• Actually, these are very ancient beliefs.
• These hand on from one religion to another.
• These carried from country to country around the world.

Meaning of difficult Words:
smoothly – easily, conveniently, uninterruptedly.
after thought – thought following or coming after.
ward off – discard, liberate from, avoid, irrwnune, be free from.
omens – presage, sign or symbol of something unknown.
spell – enchantment, impact, influence cast on somebody.
demonstrate – manifest, to give proof, to exhibit, ShOW with examples or practice.
discard – refuse, reject, throw away set aside.
inconsistent – having no bearing or relevance with anything in the context.
sophisticated – real, polished, civilised,aristocratic.
evoke – call out, inspire, excite awaken in the mind.
Tickle – to amuse, to excite to touch lightly.
toss – to fling, be flung up, moves and passes over the shoulder.
defensible – formidable. protectable, resistible.

Section – C
Part-Two
Pre-reading Activity
You will presently proceed to read the second part of Text-C. But before going to the second part, can you predict which of the following sentences would begin the first paragraph of this part of Text-C ? (Reiad the last sentence of Text-C (part-one) and decide.
a) Over time, more and more of lip has become subject to the control of knowledge.
b) Superstitions have some of the qualities , of those traditional objects.
c) Those old half-beliefs and new half-‘ beliefs reflect the keenness of our wish to have something come true or prevent something bad from happening.
d) Very commonly, people associate superstition with the past with very old ways of thinking that have been supplemented by modem knowledge.
e) Child psychologists recognise the value of the toy a child holds in his hand at bed time.
Your answer: a/b/c/d/e
Discuss with a friend of yours what made you think that your choice among these five sentences would be sight. Now read part- two of the text to check if your prediction regarding the first sentence of Part-Two was right and to answer the following two focusing questions:
a) What are ‘traditional’ objects ? How does Mead relate them to superstitions ?
b) Why , have many superstitions disappeared ?

Text-C
Part-Two
Summary
Superstition is commonly associated with the past and with very old ways of thinking that have been supplanted by modern knowledge. New superstitions are also coming in and making its hold, mothers warn their children of not to run into the sun. Elderly people explain that “it was the virus that, got him down”. The cosmetic industry every year offers new magic cure for baldness, lotions that will give, every women radiant skin, hair colouring that will restore to the middle aged the charm and romance of youth results that are promised of the simple directions are rightly followed.

Private superstitions like leaving house by the back door or one must wear a green dress while taking an examination. These old and new half-beliefs reflect the keenness of our wish to have something come true or to prevent something bad from happening. The old superstitions are more honoured than the new ones because the former the old faiths match our present hopes and fears.’Child psychologists recognize the value of the toy a child hold in his hand at bed time. Psychologists call such toys “transitional objects” which help the child move back and forth between the executions of everyday life and the world of wish and dream.

Superstitions have some of the qualities of those transitional objects. They help people pass between the areas of life where what happens has to be accepted without proof and the areas where sequences of events are explicable in terms of cause and effect based on knowledge. But modern approaches in science and technology have made the superstitions disappear. If we are to make good use of this knowledge, we must not only rid our minds of old,.superseded beliefs and fragments of magical practice, but also recognise new superstitions for what they are.

Analytical outlines of the Text:

• Superstition is commonly associated with the past.
• It is also associated with the very old ways of thinking.
• These have been supplemented by modern knowledge.
• New superstitions are also coming in and making its hold gradually.
• One of a such superstition is that mothers warn their children not to run into the sun.
• Elderly people explain that it was the virus that got him down.
• The cosmetic industry every year offers new magic course for baldness and lotions.
• It will give every woman a radiant skin and hair colouring.
• It will restore to the middle aged the charm and romance of youth.
• It rightly followed to private superstitions like leaving house by the back door.
• Another such superstition is one must wear a green dress while taking an examination.
• These old and new half-beliefs reflect the keenness of our wish to have something come true.
• These also prevent something bad from happening.
• The old superstitions are more honoured than the new ones.
• Because, the old faiths match our present hopes and fears. ,
• Child psychologists recognize the value of the toy a child hold in his hand at bed time.
• Psychologists call such toys ‘transitional objects’.
• This helps the child move back and forth between the exactions of everyday life and the world of wish and dream.
• Superstitions have some of the qualities of these transitional objects.
• They help people pass between the areas of life.
• The happening object one accepted without proof.
• The sequences of events are explicable in terms of cause and effect based on knowledge.
• But modern approaches in science and technology have made the superstitions disappear.
• We can make good use of this knowledge.
• We can an idea old superseded beliefs and fragments of magical practices from our minds.
• This knowledge also helps to recognise : new superstitions.

Meaning of difficult words:
supplanted – replaced, planted, installed, flourished.
continually – continuously, progressing
cosmetics – purporting to improve beauty, cream, powder and other things used on skin to make it radiant.
keenness – intensity, acuteness, eagerness, deep and ardent interest.
psychologists – experts in the working of mind.
furry – furious, violent, dangerous, hannful.
cozy – pleasant, comfortable,
interesting, relishing exactions – demand and compel, payment of.
explicable – expressible, explainable, bacteria and .viruses – living organism that cause diseases in human body
symptoms – Sign, characteristics of something.
malign – definable, slanderous, harmful malevolent, dangerous, corrosive,
antibiotics – medicine used against bacteria and viruses to cure oneself from a disease.
superseded beliefs – beliefs overpowered and neglected.
fragments – parts, piecqs broken off, segments.
generated – created, formed, made originated, produced.
grasped – comprehend, understand caught thoroughly, (meaning)

Read More:

• Text A: The Telephone Question Answer
• Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Question Answer
• Text C: New Superstitions for Old Question Answer
• Text D: Burnout Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text D: Burnout Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 12 Burnout Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Burnout Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity – 17
Understanding Text Organization

In column ‘A’the eight paragraphs of the articles are numbered serially. In column B, there’s a list of titles for the paragraphs. Choose the best title for each paragraph from the. list and write the title letter next to the paragraph number. Notice that ‘there are eleven titles in column B, but you will need only eight to the paragraph 1 number. Notice there are eleven titles in column B, but you will need only eight.

A		B
paragraph	1	a) College Students
	2	b) The quick break
	3	c) Despair
	4	d) Phýsical illness
	5	e) Not only At work
	6	f) Stage2
	7	g) ‘Dealing with burnout
	8	h) Lastingand universal
		I) Stage-l
		j) Why does burnout happens
		k) Who suffers from burnout?

Answer:

A		B
paragraph	1	g) ‘Dealing with burnout
	2	a) College Students
	3	d) Phýsical illness
	4	f) Stage2
	5	c) Despair
	6	e) Not only At work
	7	b) The quick break
	8	k) Who suffers from burnout?

Activity-18

Find words or phrases in the text that corresponds to the meaning given below:

Question (a)
In paragraph-2
i) a second-year student.
ii) business that Is not government-run
Answer:
(i) second-year student.

Question (b)
In paragraph-3
i) evidence of a disease
ii) energy
Answer:
ii)energy

Question (c)
In paragraph5& 6
i) child beating
ii) many
Answer:
i) child beating

Question (d)
In the last paragraph
i) make the problem seem unimportant.
ii) things that will soon disappear.
Answer:
make the problem seem unimportant

Activity-19
Inferring

This activity asks you to use your knowledge of the world to infer the facts in the text and answer the following questions:

Question (a)
What expectations do you think human service agency workers have trouble with? (Paragraph-1)
Answer:
Burnout happens to be the trouble with human service agency workers. It comes when expectations of jobs, careers, marriages or lines and the reality experienced is less than expectations.

Question (b)
What is special1 about five? (Paragraph-4)
Answer:
When it is about five, workers seem to be coming like a butterfly out of a cocoon. These voices tilt and they are spontaneous when they walk out of the office.

Question (c)
Why can being the parent of a . teenager lead to burnout? (Paragraph -6)
Answer:
The dissatisfaction of parents with their teenage children leads to burnout.

Question (d)
Why is the quick break called a “low-risk” strategy? (Paragraph-7)
Answer:
“The quick break” is called a Mow-risk’ strategy because of lowering expectations of work or redefining its meaning.

Activity-20
Cohesive Devices: Reference

In Activity 6 and 10 of this unit, you have practiced relating reference words to their referents. Here is another activity on making connections which you can practice by giving the meaning, the meaning of each italicized word or phrase in the text.
a) Accompanying that is “lots of clocks- witching ______________”.
b) They are highly burned out as parents (Paragraph – 5) ”
c) ______________” the syndrome can occur in any of the multiple roles. (Paragraph -6)
d) ______________” make it lose its meaning (Paragraph – 8)
e) ” ______________” many women knew t;o if (Paragraph – 8)
Answer:
a) cocoon phenomenon.
b) parents.
c) syndrome of burnout.
d) burnout.
e) work.

Extra Activity – 20 (A)
Language Work-I

Vocabulary:
A.i) The jumbled up words in column B, bear the meaning of the Words in column A; Find out the words which are synonymous with the words in column A in the text.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
hallo	subject to
holly	destruction on
silently	not deep
indestructible	sacred
lazy	not loudly
worthless	very unhappy
twinkling	be or have enough
discontent	idle
suffice	useless
vessel	dissatisfaction
distressed	shining
created	ship
dwell	looking air in
inhalation	praise
presérved	dive
admiration	made
	conserved

Answer:
sallow – not deep
holy – sacred
silently – not loudly
indestructible – not subject to destruction
lazy – idle
worthless – useless
twinkling – shining
discontent – dissatisfaction
suffice – be or have enough
vessel – ship
distressed – very unhappy
created – made
dwell – live
inhalation – taking air in
preserved – conserved
admiration – praise

ii) Supply antonyms to the following words in the text:
fast – fill
knowledge – arrival
equal – quietly
finished – followed
everywhere – inwardly
raised – secret
precious – invulnerable
pure – abetted
appeared – release
sorrows – firm
believe – forward
doubt – accepted
former – impatiently
incredible – blessing
enemies – beautiful
attractive – clear
hope – reject
pleasure – despise
brief – despair
longer
natural
appearance

Answer:
fast – slow
knowledge – ignorance
equal – unequal
finished – unfinished
everywhere – nowhere
raised – lowered
precious – base
pure – impure
appeared – disappeared
sorrow – pleasure
believe – disbelieve
doubt – faith
former – latter
incredible – credible
enemies – friends
attractive – unattractive, repulsive
hope – hopeless, despair
pleasure – pain, sorrow
brief – detailed, elaborate
fill – empty.
arrival – departure
quietly – loudly
followed – preceded
inwardly – outwardly
secret – open
invulnerable – vulnerable
abated – aggravated
release – hold up, captivate
firm – infirm, loose
forward-backward
accepted – rejected
impatiently – patiently
blessing – curse
beautiful – ugly
clever – foolish, blockhead
reject – accept
despise – love
despair – hope
longer – shorter
natural – artificial, unnatural
appearance – disappearance

iii) Derive noun from the following verbs in the text:
learn – relate
condemn – bath
enlighten – rub
begin – receive
think – include
mean – achieve
strive – strike
modify – rob
pay – give
part – please
obey – live
appear – possess
kneel – incline
invite – separate
recognize – depart
hesitate – annoy
enter – threaten
persuade

Answer:
learn – learning
condemn – condemnation
enlighten – enlightenment
begin – beginning
think – thought
mean – meaning
strive – strife
modify – modification
pay – payment
part – parting
obey – obedience
appear – appearance
kneel – knee
invite – invitation
recognize – recognition
hesitate – hesitation
enter – entrance
relate – relation
bathe – bath
rub – rubber
receive – receipt, reception
include – inclusion
achieve – achievement
strike – stroke
rob – robber
give – gift
please – pleasure
live – life
possess – possession
incline – inclination
separate – separation
depart – departure
annoy – annoyance
threaten – threat
persuade – persuasion

iv) Derive nouns from the following objectives in the text:
cheerful – joyous
childish – conscious
intense – superior
supply – endure
comfortable – sweet
rich – horrified
exceptional – sad
eternal – senseless
tired – mental
forgetful – necessary
watchful – foolish
impatient – hungry
clever – confused
heavy – holy
silent – divine
acquisitive – important
indulgent – individualistic
passionate – dangerous
oppressive – loud
poor – dead
serious – gentle
weary – strong
concealed – severe
grace – good
entire – difficult
near – perplex

Answer:
cheerful – cheer
childish – child
intense. – intensity
supple – suppleness
comfortable – comfort
rich – richness
exceptional – exception’ r
eternal – eternity
tired – tiredness
forgetful – forgetfulness
watchful – watchfulness
impatient – impatience
clever – cleverness
intellectual – intellect
heavy – heaviness
silent – silence
acquisitive – acquisition
indulgent – indulgence
passionate – passion
oppressive – oppression
poor – poverty
serious – seriousness
weary – weariness
concealed – concealment
gracious – grace
entire – entirely
near – nearness
joyless – joy
conscious – consciousness
superior – superiority
endure – endurance
sweet – sweetness
horrified – horror
sad – sadness
senseless – sense
mental – mind
necessary – necessity
foolish – foolishness
hungry – hunger
weak – weakness
confused – confusion
holy – holiness
divine – divinity
important – importance
individualistic – individual
dangerous – danger
loud – loudness
dead – death
gentle – gentleness
strong – strength
severe – severity
good – goodness
difficult – difficulty
perplex – perplexity

Burnout Summary in English

Section- D
Text-D

Here is a short article about a common psychological problem caused by life in the modern world read it carefully stopping to think.
i) What “Burnout” really means.
ii) What its three stages are, and
iii) If you have seen any example (s) of ‘burnout’.

Summary
Michael Lauderdale, Director of the ‘University of Texas School of Social Work’s Research Centre, who started studying burnout 10 years ago says about school teachers and full-time housewives with children at home. He believes that burnout comes when we have expectations of our jobs, careers, marriages, or lives and the reality we are experiencing is less than our expectations. People haven’t greater expectations now than in past. the author divides the symptoms of burnout into three stages.

First is confusion. The worker may have the voice of general complaints, chronic backaches, headaches, or colds. A worker may lose his sense of humor. He may seem inattentive in a discussion because of the list of things to do running through his mind; Moderate burnout is characterized by more illness and absenteeism in which workers seem to have gray faces at 3 p.ni. in the office, but after 5 p.m., it’s like a butterfly coming out of a cocoon which is a result of people compartmentalizing their lives.

Burnout in the third stage is termed despair. A person pulls into a shell and minimizes, work and social contacts as much as possible. There is depression and crying, an increase in drinking, risk-taking, and drugs. People can learn to improve their skills at recognizing burnout and at doing something about it. Lauderdale suggests. It is thought men suffer more than women, but I think men may have, more burnout on the job, while women get burned out on family life.

Analytical outlines of the Text

• Michael Lauderdale is the director of the University of Texas School of Social Work’s Research Centre.
• He started studying burnout ten years ago.
• He started his study about school teachers and full-time house wives with children at home.
• He has marked that school teachers and full-time housewives with children at home are among the highest-risk groups.
• They, usually, suffer from burnout.
• According to him, burnout comes when the reality is less than our expectations.
• It happens in the case of our jobs, careers, marriages, or lives.
• People haven’t greater expectations now than in the past.
• The author divides the symptoms of burnout into three stages.
• The first one is confusion.
• The worker may have the voice of general complaints, chronic backaches, headaches, or colds.
• A worker may lose his sense of humor.
• He may seem inattentive in a discussion.
• It happens because of the list of things to do running through his mind.
• Moderate burnout is characterized by more illness and absenteeism.
• The workers seem to have gray faces. at 3 p.m. in the office.
• But after 5 p.m. it’s like a .butterfly coming out of the cocoon.
• It happens due to people compartmentalizing their lives.
• Burnout in the third stage is termed despair.
• A person pulls into a shell and minimizes. work and social contacts as much as possible.
• There is depression and crying an increase in drinking risk-taking and drugs.
• People can learn to improve their skills at recognizing burnout and at doing something about it.
• Lauderdale suggests that it is thought men suffer more than women.
• Men may have more burnout on the job.
• Actually, women get burned rut in family life.

Meaning of difficult words
burnout – feeling fatigued or tired, being extinguished,
expectations – hopes and aspirations, wishes and desires,
ambiguity – uncertain, doubtful, obscure, strange.
Sophomore – A person in his second year at a four-year college,
vanish – disappears, and goes away immediately.
pep – quickness, activity, interest, a new base of life and spirit.
cocoon – a shell fabricated by oneself.
syndrome – symptoms of an illness appear prominent.
teenager – a boy’s or girl’s age from thirteen to nineteen.
trivialize – reduces to small pieces, decrease the: size, make small and 1šs.
cautions – heedruhlesg warning, security warns of danger.

Read More:

• Text A: The Telephone Question Answer
• Text B: Saturday Morning Violence Question Answer
• Text C: New Superstitions for Old Question Answer
• Text D: Burnout Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text B: Make me a child again, Just for tonight Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Alternative English Chapter 2 Make me a child again, Just for tonight Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Make me a child again, Just for tonight Class 11 Questions and Answers

Activity – 5

Getting the Main Idea:
Complete the following sentence in your own words to state the central idea of the above selection :
Adults would learn ________________
if they _________________________
and if they ______________________

Activity – 6

Understanding The Title:
Go back to the text and answer the following questions:
(a) Why does the author want to become a child again?
Answer:
Childhood is the best period of learning. Children learn quicker and better than adults. Adults encounter a large number of problems and difficulties in learning. Hence, the author wants to become a child again.

(b) And why “just for tonight”.
Answer:
The author talks about the learning by the adults in the evening colleges at night. Since it is difficult for adults to learn and children are prone to learn things easily, the author wants to become a child again for tonight.

(c) What, according to Stern, are the points of contrast between the learning of children and that of adults?
Answer:
Children:
(1) Children are fast learners.
(2) Children are fast learners.
(3) They have, less responsibilities in life.
(4) They get delight in the discovery of * new words, ideas etc.
(5) In an unhappy situation, children may quickly acquire the habit of lying.
(6) They provide enthusiastic curiosity to both teachers and parents.
(7) They have not too much demands in study.
Adults:
1) Adults are very slow learners.
2) They are timid or fearful to questions.
3) They have much responsibilities in life.
4) They do not have much delight in the discovery of new words, ideas etc.
5) In an unhappy situation, adults may not quickly acquire the habit of lying.
6) They don’t provide enthusiastic curiosity to both teachers and parents.
7) They have too much demands in study.

Extra Activity – 6(A)

Question 1.
How does the writer justify that childhood is such a difficult time of life?
Answer:
In fact, childhood is held as the difficult time of life, for this reason, there are child-guidance associations, child study clinics, child psychologists, child-centered homes and many other institutions for this purpose.

Question 2.
Why does the author say that adults are handicapped as students?
Answer:
The author is of the view that adults are handicapped as students because they are no longer patient listners. They have also forgotten how to make use of their teachers who can give a ready knowledge of tilings.

Question 3.
What views do the evening college administrators put forth?
Answer:
The evening college administrators are of the opinion that adult experience is a priceless commodity in the classroom for both teacher and students. But experience does not only count. Attitude is equally important.

Question 4.
What is the role of motivation in learning?
Answer:
Motivation is a powerful driving force which propel in learning things. Children easily make use of it. But the adult students do not have that motivation in them.

Activity -7

Usage:
(a) Study how the following expressions have been used in Text-B and guess their meanings. The number of the paragraph in which each of these expressions occur is given against each within square brackets.

(i)	afford to	[2]
(ii)	be wedded to	[5]
(iii)	on the other -hand	[6]
(iv)	by and large	[6]
(v)	be equipped with	[7]
(vi)	take pride in	[11]
(vii)	not only…. but…	[11]

Answer:
(i) afford to – spare or find enough time or money for, run a risk by doing something.
(ii) be wedded to – devoted to, unable to give up.
(iii) on the other hand – on the contrary.
(iv) by and large – on the whole, taking everything into consideration.
(v) be equipped with – supply (a person, oneself, a ship, etc.) (with what is need, for a purpose)
(vi) take pride in – having some pride about somebody or something.
(vii) not only but also – both… and

(b) In the conversation between Meera and Sonali below, fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the suitable expressions from the above list.

Meera: Hi, Sonali, how are you?
Sonali: Hi, I’m fine, how are you?
Meera: Fine, Sonali, are you coming to the Bollywood concert tonight?
Sonali: I’m sorry, I can’t buy a ticket for the concert. I have not got money enough to pay my mess bills for this month.
Meera: Would you mind sharing my complimentary pass? It will admit me you too.
Sonali: Thank you very much for this, friendly gesture. Do you know who will conduct the opera?
Meera: Oh, yes, Haven’t you heard of Pandit Ravi Shankar? The whole country this great Indian musicians accomplishments.
Sonali: Oh, it would be wonderful then. Will it be a botheration for you to pick me up on your way to the concert?
Meera: Not at all it’ll be a pleasure. See you then.
Sonali: Goodbye, Meera.
Answer:
Meera: Hi, Sonali, how are you?
Sonali: Hi, I’m fine, how are you?
Meera: Fine, Sonali, are you coming to the Bollywood concert tonight?
Sonali: I’m sorry, I can’t afford to buy a ticket for the concert. I haven’t got money enough to pay my mess bills for this month.
Meera: Would you mind sharing my complimentary pass? It will admit not only me but also you too.
Sonali: Thank you very much for this friendly gesture. Do you know who will conduct the opera?
Meera: Oh, yes, Haven’t you heard of Pandit Ravi Shankar? The whole country take pride in this great Indian musician’s accomplishments.
Sonali: Oh, it would be wonderful then. Will it be a botheration for you to pick me up on your way to the concert? Meera: Not at all on the other hand it’ll a pleasure. See you then.
Sonali: Goodbye, Meera.

Extra Activity – 7(A)
(a) Question tags are short questions that are tagged with the statements in order to seek opinion from the listener. However, positive statements take negative tags and negative statements take positive tags.

It is hot now, isn’t it?
He is here, isn’t he?
They reached in time, didn’t they?
We made a plan, didn’t we?
It is not hot now, is it?
You are not my friend, aren’t you?

(b) Negative statements without ‘not’.
None of the boys can do it, can they? He saw no one there, did he?

(c) Negativisers (little, few, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, etc.) Sentences with these items are negative in meaning.
Hence, they take positive tags.
Few boys were present, we aren’t they?
He has little knowledge about the matter, hasn’t he?
He has already any money, has he?
Then scarcely comes here, do they?
My friends rarely make a quarrel, do they?
He seldom speaks English, does he?

(d) Imperatives:
Open the door, will you?
Shut your mouth, will you?
Don’t go there, will you?

(e)’Let’ sentence:
Let’s go, shall we?
Let’s dig a well, shall we?

(f) Subject for nobody, somebody, everybody, we use ‘they’ in tag question.
Nobody phoned, did they?
Somebody helped her, didn’t they?
Everybody can’t do it, can they?

(g) ‘I am’ takes a question tag, aren’t I?
I am innocent, aren’t I?
I am happy, aren’t I?
I am regular, aren’t I?

Discussion of Text-B :
Read the Text-B once again this time slowly and notice the pattern Mr. Stem has followed in presenting his central idea which may be stated as follows :

“Adults would learn faster and more easily if they reacted the way children do, and if they had the same purpose and drive that motivated their own learning when they were children.”

You can use the glossary following activity 6 while reading the text slowly to understand how its parts are related. Before preceding further, you must go through Text- B. If you have finished your second reading of Text-B, you can read the following discussion of its structure.

An Overview of the Structure of Text B:
Paragraph (1-2): Two lines from a poem lead to a discussion of childhood and function as a spring bird to the central idea.

Paragraph (3): One part of the central idea is explicitly stated- “adults in evening classes would learn faster and more easily if they reached’ the way children do.”

Paragraph (4): A transition has been affected through an invitation to the reader to notice the difference between the way children learn and they way adults learn.

Paragraph (5-8): First part of the elaboration of the central theme contrast between children and adults in respect of attitudes and habits. ^

Paragraph (9): The last sentence of paragraph-8, is the form of a question and the answer to that question in paragraph 9 serves as transition to paragraph 10.

Paragraph (10-17): Second part of the. elaboration of the .central idea- “adults, if they wish to learn as effectively as the children do, should have the same purposiveness and drive that motivated learning in childhood.”

Paragraph (18-19): The central idea is restated and then to notice the pattern the author is using in presenting his or her thinking

Learning to grasp the structure of a text as you read is not easy. But with every text you practice on, you will become a little surer, a little better, you can test your ability to grasp the central idea of a text and to understand the relationship between its parts when you come to Text-C in the next section.

Section – C

Pre-reading Activity:
Text-C, which follows, is by Mera Welynski, a freelance writer who attended a small private school in New York City. In confessions of ‘Misspent Youth’ an article published in Newsweek magazine in 1976. She contrasts her progressive education with the basic education of traditional schools.

Add question tags to the following statements :
1. Come my boy.
2. He will be late.
3. He had played well.
4. You aren’t busy now.
5. She was dancing fine.
6. He only can do it.
7. Everybody had it.
8. He cut a tree.
9. Pradeep would do it.
10. I have a pen.
11. Shut the door.
12. Few people can do it.
13. He had a bad experience.
14. A few boys were present.
15. There is a cow.
16. He has a long journey to cover.
17. That is mine.
18. It rains in July.
19. Let’s have picnic.
20. Man is mortal.
21. A cow is a domestic animal.
22. He rarely comes here.
23. Come at once.
24. I am not a poet.
25. Please do it.
26. Stop going there.
27. She made all possible.
28. Read every day.
29. You needn’t do it.
30. The place was isolated.
31. He can’t lift it.
32. She is ten years old.
33. You must do it.
34. Nothing went wrong.
35. He hardly drinks tea.
36. He never drinks coffee.
37. He used to wear a coat.
38. Rana does not play cricket.
39. Sita does the work.
40. You’d like a drink.
Answer:

1. Come my boy, will you?
2. He will be late, won’t he?
3. He had played well, hadn’t he?
4. You aren’t busy now, are you?
5. She was dancing fine, wasn’t she?
6. He only can do it, can he?
7. Everybody had it, hadn’t they?
8. He cut a tree, didn’t he?
9. Pradeep would do it, wouldn’t he?
10. I have a pen, haven’t I.
11. Shut the door, will you?
12. Few people can do it, can they?
13. He had a bad experience, didn’t he?
14. A few boys were present, were they?
15. There is a cow, isn’t there?
16. He has a long journey to cover, doesn’t he?
17. That is mine, isn’t that
18. It rains in July, doesn’t it?
19. Let’s have a picnic, shall we?
20. Man is mortal, isn’t he?
21. A cow is a domestic animal, isn’t it?
22. He rarely comes here, doesn’t he?
23. Come at once, will you?
24. I am not a poet, am I?
25. Please do it, will you?
26. Stop going there, will you?
27. She made all possible, didn’t she?
28. Read every day, will you? ,
29. You needn’t do it, need you?
30. The place was isolated, wasn’t it?
31. He can’t lift it, can he?
32. She is ten years old, isn’t she?
33. You must do it, mustn’t you?
34. Nothing went wrong, did it?
35. He hardly drinks tea, does he?
36. He never drinks coffee, does he?
37. He used to wear a coat, did he?
38. Rana does not play cricket, does he?
39. Sita does the work, doesn’t he?
40. You’d like a drink, wouldn’t you?

Make me a child again, Just for tonight Summary in English

“Backward turn backward,
O Time, in your flight.
Make me a child again just for
tonight.”

The above lines appear in Elizabeth Akers Allen’s poem “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother”. Childhood is held at the high esteem as a pivotal period. We have child guidance associations, child study clinics, child psychologists and child centered homes. These can make childhood endurable for infants. Actually, it is true that children usually learn faster than adults. But on the other hand, adults are very careful learners. Of course, they are more frightful than youngsters about asking questions. Adults are also shrouded with responsibilities. This obstructs him from learning. Adults have also a lot of bad habits unconsciously. Some adults have almost a compulsion to be ‘experts’ on every subject and others accept what that ‘experts’ say. Adults are also handicapped as students by the fact that they do not prove patient listeners.

According to evening college administrators, the adults experience in a priceless commodity in the classroom for both teachers and students. But experience is not all. Attitude is as important as experience. on each subject, Mature people need the enthusiasm and self-consciousness of the child in order to capitalize fully in the classroom on their life experience.

However, motivation is another fundamental and essential thing that takes place in learning with children. Children have a natural and built in motivation. They went to communicate and to be communicated with. They want mastery and power. They also want to understand and to be understood. But purpose does not operate in such an automatic and instinctive way wi the adult students in evening classes. If an adult student does not speak English well and he wants a good job, then he should attend an evening college to improve his standard. This can be the actual way for him to fulfill his aim of life in a better and greater way.

Outlines of the passage :

• Childhood is held at the high esteem as a pivotal period.
• We have child guidance associations, child study clinics, child psychologists and child centered homes.
• These can make childhood endurable for infants.
• Actually, children usually learn faster than adults.
• But, adults are very careful learners.
• Again, they are more fearful than youngsters about asking questions.
• Adults are full of responsibilities.
• This disturbs his learning.
• Of course, adults have some bad habits.
• Some adults are compelled to be expert on each subject,
• Adults are not patient listeners.
• According to evening college administrator, the adults experience in a priced commodity.
• But experience is not all in all.
• Attitude is as important as experience.
• Mature people need the enthusiasm and self-consciousness of their child.
• Motivation is another, fundamental and essential thing in learning with children.
• Children have a natural and built-in motivation.
• They want to communicate and to be communicated.
• They want mastery and power.
• They also want to understand and to be understood.
• The purpose operates differently in case of adult students.
• An adult student who does not speak English well and wants a job should attend evening college.
• It can fulfill his aim of life.

Words meaning :

flight – noun form of fly, here passage of time.
modem standards – something used as a test or measure for qualities or for the required degree of, excellence.
inexcusably – unpardonably, that what can’t be excused.
sentimental – emotional, having to do with feeling.
inaccurate – inexact, improper, inadequate.
carefree – free from, affliction, anxiety, bondage.
solemn – grave, serious-looking,
extreme – highest degree, absolute, entire.
clinics – places were pathological tests and diagnosis of diseases are made.
psychologists – experts in psychology,
people having high proficiency in mental functioning, here of children.
endurable – lasts for a long time, lasting.
infants – children,
soap opera – a television drama serial about the happenings in the lives of a group of people.
scarcely – rarely, hardly, seldom.
Late Victorians – English people living towards the end of Queen Victoria’s reign. That is, in the last quarter of the 19th century, who had strict moral attitudes as well as sentimentality.
faster – quicker, speedier,
adults – grown-ups, mature men and women.
defense mechanism- the way of defending oneself to escape imminent problems.
contemporaries – belonging to the same time.
delight in – taking pleasure in.
curiosity – anxious to learn, inquisitiveness.
enormous – a large number of, plenty of, great deal of.
grasp – understand, comprehend
cautious – needful, careful, meticulous.
timid – coward, afraid, not boold enough
ridiculous – absurd, grotesque, unnatural, mocking.
handicapped – weak and disabled, disadvantaged.
shrugged off – dismiss something as not deserving attention as something trivial.
unconsciously – without awareness or sense.
equipped with – well furnished with, full of.
skeptical – inclined not to believe, in the habit of questioning the truth of claims, statements, etc. opposed to stoic.
oneself – consciousness- not worried about what other people think of oneself.
spontaneity – noun form of ‘spontaneous’, automatic flow.
subtle – delicate, soft, tender.
persuade – to, induce by argument, to convince.
omnipresent – the act of being present everywhere
mockery – jest, joke, ridicule, absurdity, etc.
obvious – clear, terse, succinct.
dissuade – opposed to persuade, distract.
egg-head – a person who is very intelligent and is interested only in theories and books.
cliche – an expression used so often.

Read More:

• Text A: Memories of Crossgates School Question Answer
• Text B: Make me a child again, Just for tonight Question Answer
• Text C: Confessions of a Misspent Youth Question Answer
• Text D: A Time to Think Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 After Twenty Years Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11th Invitation English Non-Detailed Chapter 2 After Twenty Years Question Answers CHSE Odisha

After Twenty Years Class 11 Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist:
One day, in a locality of New York a smart policeman was on the route doing patrol duty. The time was only 10 o’ clock at night. People in the streets had gone home early because of a drizzle and chilly weather. The majority of the houses in the locality were business places that were also closed early. The entire place was dark but a few lights were coming from a cigar store, an all-night hotel and one or two tailoring shops completing the day’s work. The policeman with his stalwart figure and smart movements was inspecting the closed doors as he went in the street.

Every now and then he was casting his watchful eyes here and there and was searching a man seriously. His boss had said him in the morning while giving the description of the man wanted : “Pale face, square jaws, deep and dark eyes and a little white scar near the right eyebrow.” He was ashamed that the name of the notorious criminal who Was printing counterfeit notes was not known to the Police Department. The criminal had fled away from Chicago and was moving in New York. The policeman had much confidence on himself and he felt pride of being a dutiful officer for the last eighteen years.

He had a feeling of luck with him as a debt. He had kept the reconstructed photograph of the criminal and a five-dollar note in his pocket which he looked at under a lamp-post. The policeman was in the habit of talking to himself when nobody was nearby. He suddenly looked at his watch and it was a quarter past ten. There was another thing in his mind. He hurried up to finish his duty. After a minute he saw a man standing near the doorway of a hardware store. He walked speedily to the man. He could not see the face of the man clearly as it was dark.

He was just going to address the man but suddenly changed his mind and waited the man to begin. The man, on the other hand, who thought to be looked suspicious in the eyes of the police started talking from his side. He said to the policeman that he was waiting for a friend with whom an appointment was made twenty years ago. Though it appears a little funny, he said to the policeman, it was the truth. About twenty years ago there was a restaurant where this store stands. Its name was ‘Brady’s Restaurant’. The policeman agreed to this and said it was changed into a store only in five years ago. The policeman had a chance to see the face of the man when he struck a match and lit a cigar.

ସାରାଂଶ :
ନିଉୟର୍କ ସହରର ଏକ ଗଳିରେ ସବୁଦିନ ଭଳି ଦିନେ ଜଣେ ପୋଲିସ୍ ପହରା ଦେଉଥିଲେ । ସମୟ ରାତ୍ରି ୧୦ଟା ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଲୋକମାନେ ସେଦିନ ଝିପିଝିପି ବର୍ଷା ଓ ଥଣ୍ଡା ଫେରି ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ପାଗ ଯୋଗୁଁ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ସମୟରେ ବେଳାବେଳି ଗୃହକୁ ଦୋକାନ ଗୃହଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବନ୍ଦ ଥିଲା । ସ୍ଥାନଟି ପ୍ରାୟ ସେହ ଗଳିରେ ସେଦିନ ରାସ୍ତାକୁ ଲାଗିଥିବା ଅନ୍ଧକାରମୟ ଦିଶୁଥିଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ସିଗାରେଟ୍ ଷ୍ଟୋର, ଅହୋରାତ୍ର ଖୋଲାଥିବା ଏକ ହୋଟେଲ ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ କିମ୍ବା ଦୁଇଟି ଦରଜି ଦୋକାନରୁ ଆଲୋକ ଆସୁଥୁଲୀ । ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣକ ତାଙ୍କ ବଳିଷ୍ଠ ଚେହେରା ଓ କ୍ଷିପ୍ର ଗତି ବଳରେ ସେହି ଗଳିର ବନ୍ଦ ଦ୍ଵାରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।

ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣଣ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିକୁ ଏଠି ସେଠି ନିକ୍ଷେପ କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ଜଣେ ଲୋକକୁ ଜରୁରୀ ଭାବରେ ଖୋଜୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ଉଚ୍ଚପଦସ୍ଥ ଅଫିସର ଆଜି ସକାଳେ ସେହି ଲୋକର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାରେ କହିଥିଲେ ‘ଲୋକଟିର ଶେତା ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳ, ବର୍ଗାକାର ମାଢ଼ି, ଗଭୀର ଓ କଳା ଆଖ୍ ଏବଂ ଡାହାଣ ଆସ୍ପତା ପାଖରେ ଏକ ଛୋଟ ଧଳା ଦାଗ ।’’ ଲୋକଟି ଜଣେ ବଡ଼ଧରଣର ଅପରାଧୀ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ଚିକାଗୋରେ ଜାଲନୋଟ୍ ଛାପୁଥୁଲା । କିନ୍ତୁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଲଜ୍ଜା ଲାଗୁଥିଲା କାରଣ ପୋଲିସ୍ ବିଭାଗକୁ ଏଭଳି ଏକ ଅପରାଧୀର ନାମ ଜଣା ନ ଥିଲା । ଏହି ଅପରାଧୀ ଜଣକ ଚିକାଗୋରୁ ଆସି ନିଉୟର୍କରେ ଥବର ସୂଚନା ମିଳିଥିଲା । ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣଙ୍କର ନିଜ ଉପରେ ବହୁତ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ ଅଠର ବର୍ଷ ହେଲା ଜଣେ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠ ଅଫିସରଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରି ଆସିଥ‌ିବାରୁ ବହତୁ ଗର୍ବିତ ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ଏକ ଋଣ ଆକାରରେ ଅଛି ବୋଲି ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଥିଲେ ।

ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଏକ ପାଞ୍ଚ ଡଲାର ନୋଟ୍ ଏବଂ ସେ ଅପରାଧୀର ଅଙ୍କା ଫଟୋ ରଖୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସମୟ ସମୟରେ ତାକୁ ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ । ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣକ କେହି ନ ଥିଲାବେଳେ ନିଜ ସହିତ କଥା ହେଉଥିଲେ । ହଠାତ୍‌ ହାତଘଣ୍ଟା ଉପରେ ନଜର ହେଉଥିଲେ । ହଠାତ୍ ହାତଘଣ୍ଟା ଉପରେ ନଜର ଗୋଟିଏ କଥା ମଧ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ମନରେ ଥିଲା । ସେ ଶେଷ କରିବାପାଇଁ ତତ୍ପର ହୋଇଉଠିଲେ । କିଛି ସମୟ ପରେ ସେ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି hardware ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣକ କେହି ନ ଥିଲାବେଳେ ନିଜ ସହିତ କଥା ପକାଇ ଦେଖିଲେ ସମୟ ଦଶଟା ବାଜି ୧୫ ମିନିଟ୍ ହେଲାଣି । ଅନ୍ୟ ନିଜର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଶେଷ କରିବାପାଇଁ ତତ୍ପର ହୋଇଉଠିଲେ ।

କିଛି ସମୟ ପରେ ସେ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି hardware ଦୋକାନ ଆଗରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଗଲେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଅନ୍ଧାର ହେତୁ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ମୁହଁ ଦେଖିପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଲୋକଜଣକୁ କିଛି କହିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ମନ ବଦଳାଇ ରହିଗଲେ । ଲୋକଜଣକ ନିଜକୁ ପୋଲିସ୍ ସନ୍ଦେହରୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରିବାପାଇଁ ନିଜଆଡ଼ୁ କଥା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ । ସେ ପୋଲିସ୍‌ବାବୁଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ ସେ ଏଠି ଜଣେ ସାଙ୍ଗକୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯାହା ସହିତ ଆଜି ଦିନରେ ଭେଟ ହେବାପାଇଁ ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ତଳେ ସେମାନେ କଥା ହୋଇଥିଲେ । କଥାଟା ବଡ଼ ମଜାଳିଆ ହେଲେ ବି ସତ୍ୟ ଥିଲା । ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ତଳେ ଏହି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଏକ ଭୋଜନାଳୟ ଥିଲା ଯାହାର ନାମ ଥିଲା Brady’s Restaurant । ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣକ ତାଙ୍କ କଥାରେ ସମ୍ମତ ହେଲେ ଓ କହିଲେ ଏହି ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ତଳେ ଏହାକୁ ଏକ ଷ୍ଟୋରରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଯାଇଛି । ଲୋକଟି ଠିକ୍ ଏହି ସମୟରେ ଦିଆସିଲି କାଠି ମାରି ସିଗାରେଟ୍ ଲଗାଇବାବେଳେ ପୋଲିସ୍ ଜଣଙ୍କ ତାଙ୍କ ମୁହଁ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଦେଖୁ ପାରିଥିଲେ ।

Glossary:
wit (n): the ability to say or write things that are both clever and amusing She is a women of wit and intelligence.
wordplay: use of words (ଶବ୍ଦର ବ୍ୟବହାର) He makes better wordplay in his writings.
characterization: characters in a book or play seem real (ଖେଳ ବାସ୍ତବ ମନେହୁଏ). The success of the play depends much on its characterization.
surprise: unexpected event or happenings, a feeling of astonishment (ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ) Her position in the top ten was a surprise in the last H.S.C. examination.
value: worth (ମୂଲ୍ୟ) We should better understand the value of life.
relationship: relation among people, friendship (ଲୋକମାନେ, ବନ୍ଧୁତା) He should regard our relationship.
triumph: victory, win (ଜିତନ୍ତୁ) Indians are happy with our World-Cup triumph.
on the beat: on the route doing patrol duty (ପାଟ୍ରୋଲିଂ କରୁଥିବା ମାର୍ଗରେ | କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ)
quiet road: road free from noise (ଶବ୍ଦରୁ ମୁକ୍ତ ରାସ୍ତା) He was walking freely on a quiet road.
habitual: doing something continuously (କ୍ରମାଗତ ଭାବରେ କିଛି କରିବା)
spectators: unlookers, viewers (ଦର୍ଶକ) Spectators sit in the gallery to watch the match.
kept early hours : went back home early in the night (ଶୀଘ୍ର ଘରକୁ ଫେରିଗଲେ ରାତିରେ)
chilly winds: too cold winds (ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଥଣ୍ଡା ପବନ) We could not go out because of chilly winds blowing outside.
drizzle: dribble, raining lightly (ହାଲୁକା ବର୍ଷା) There was a drizzle in the morning.
depeopled: emptied of people (ଲୋକମାନେ) The streets of the city were depeopled by the evening as curfew was declared.
examining : inspecting, searching, checking (ଯାଞ୍ଚ, ଖୋଜିବା, ଯାଞ୍ଚ କରୁଛି )
playful : full of fun (ମଜା ରେ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ) His activities were mostly playful.
movements: moving (ଗତିଶୀଳ) We cannot feel the movements of earth.
small stick : (here) lathi (ଏଠାରେ) ଲାଥୀThe policeman always moves with a small stick or lathi.
stalwart: sturdy, well-built (ବଳିଷ୍ଠ, ସୁଗଠିତ) He is a man of stalwart figure.
guardian of the law: protector of law (ଆଇନର ରକ୍ଷକ) The policeman is a guardian of the law.
tailoring shop : dressmaker’s shop (ଡ୍ରେସମେକରଙ୍କ ଦୋକାନ)
watchful eyes: vigilant eyes (ସଜାଗ ଆଖି) Nobody can escape from his watchful eye.
pale face : whitish face (ଧଳା ଚେହେରା)
square jaws : jaws having equal sides (ସମାନ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ଥିବା ଜହ୍ନଗୁଡିକ)
white scar: a white mark left on the skin (ଧଳା ଦାଗ)
ashamed: felt shame (ଲଜ୍ଜା ଅନୁଭବ କଲା) He is ashamed of his bad manner.
notorious: famous for bad quality (କୁଖ୍ୟାତ) Terrorists are notorious criminals.
counterfeit: illegal (ନକଲି)
serious affair: grave matter (ଗୁରୁତର ବିଷୟ) Terrorism is a serious affair of our country.
lamp-post: a post giving light (ଆଲୋକ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିବା ଏକ ପୋଷ୍ଟ) He was standing under a lamp-post and waiting for a friend.
five-dollar note : ପାଞ୍ଚ ଡଲାରର ନୋଟ୍
reconstructed photograph: picture of a person drawn by experts basing on the reports about his or her face (ଚିତ୍ରିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ଚିତ୍ର | ବିଶେଷଜ୍ଞଙ୍କ ଦ୍ ରା)The reconstructed photograph of the leader of the terrorist was broadcasted in T.V
described: saw (from a distance) ଦେଖ (ଦୂରରୁ)
suspicious: doubtful (ସନ୍ଦେହଜନକ) Police can detain suspicious people for investivation.

Think it out:

Question 1.
How does the writer describe the atmosphere of the story?
Answer:
The story begins with a policeman doing the patroling duty in a street of New York. The time was 10 o’ clock at night. The strict was almost calm and quiet and people had gone home in the early hours of the evening because of bad weather. The business houses were mostly closed and darkness has covered the major part of the street. It was all due to chilly winds and light raining. Few lights were coming from a cigar store, an whole-night hotel and one or two tailoring shops completing the day’s work. The area coming under the lamp-posts were little lighted. Thus, the atmosphere was somewhat unsuitable and unfavourable.

Question 2.
How did the policeman perform his duties?
Answer:
The polieman was on the route doing patrol duty. He was moving smartly. His smartness was real and not for the show. It was night and most of the business houses in the street were closed early due to bad weather. There was darkness everywhere except light coming from few shops and lamp-posts. In spite of this, the policeman was inspecting every closed doors. He was holding a lathi and making some funny movements. The policeman, with his well-built figure and smart movements was proving himself as the guardian of law. He was very watchful and cast his eyes on the entire peaceful road. He was seriously searching a notorious criminal from Chicago. This duty was assigned to him by his boss and he was very confident as a dutiful officer for the last eighteen years to do the job perfectly.

Question 3.
What picture of the wanted criminal do you get from the text?
Answer:
The picture of the wanted criminal given to the polcieman in the morning of the said day was as follows. The criminal had a pale face, square jaws, deep and dark eyes, and a little white scar near the right eyebrow. The criminal’s name was not known and he was involved in a serious affair of printing counterfeit notes. The criminal was from Chicago. The policeman had a five dollar note and a reconstructed photograph of the criminal in his pocket.

Question 4.
How did the stranger try to interact with the policeman?
Answer:
The stranger, who was standing in front of a darkened hardware store, saw a policeman coming towards him. He thought that the policeman would suspect him as he did not know his story. So when the policeman walked upto him, he said to him that he was just waiting for a friend. It was an appointment made twenty years ago. It was a truth, though it seemed funny. To remove the doubts of the policeman, he narrated that about twenty years ago there was a restaurant where this store stands. Its name was “Brady’s Restaurant”. Then the policeman said that it was changed into a store just five years ago. In this way the stranger interacted with the policeman.

Question 5.
How did the policeman see the stranger’s face?
Answer:
The stranger standing at the doorway of the hardware store, was interacting with the policeman. As the place was dark the face of the stranger could not be seen. In the meanwhile, he wanted to smoke and thus struck a match and lit his cigar. This provided a chance to the policeman to see the face of the man.

Unit – II

Gist :
The man narrating about his friend said that he had last dined with his friend Jimmy Wells at Brady’s Restaurant twenty years ago tonight. Jimmy was his best friend and the finest man in the world. He said that they were bom and brought up in New York just like two brothers. When they left each other he was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. He went to Chicago in the West to make my fortune. But Jimmy, as liked to stay at home, was unwilling to go the West with him. For Jimmy New York was the best place to live in on the earth.

Accordingly they took our last parting dinner at Brady’s Restaurant that night and agreed that they would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time in spite of their distant living or whatever conditions of life of theirs. They also felt that in twenty years each of them have made his career and met the destiny of life. The policeman listening to it said that it was very interesting. He asked the man about their contacts between this long gap. The man said that they were in touch for a year or two. But after that they lost contact of each other and remained busy in their own affairs. The man said that though Chicago was his headquarter, he kept on moving here and there.

That time he had come to meet his friend after a long interval and he had deep faith to meet his friend there. He said that his friend was very sincere and true to his words. He would never forget it. His coming to that place from a distance of thousand miles would be fruitful if he could meet his old friend there. His friend would come difinitely. Saying so, he looked at his diamond watch and it was ten twenty-five. He remembered the time that was exactly half past ten when they parted here at the restaumt door. Then the policeman wanted to know whether he had earned lots of money in the West.

He admitted of his good earnings and expressed his hope that his friend Jimmy also had earned the half of his income. He said that his friend, though a nice man, was very slow in his earnings. But he had to compete with the most cunning people of the world to earn his dollars. A man in the New York becomes very ordinary but the West makes a man to face much competition. The policeman while leaving asked the man whether he would wait his friend or not, if he would not come at the appointed time. He said that he would give his friend half an hour to come. If he was alive on earth he would be there by that time. After that, the policeman took leave of this man by wishing ‘Good-night’.

ସାରାଂଶ :
ଲୋକଟି ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗ ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରି କହିଲେ, ସେ ଆଜକୁ କୋଡ଼ିଏ ବର୍ଷତଳେ ଏହି ବ୍ରାଡ଼ି ଭୋଜନାଳୟରେ ଆଜି ରାତିରେ ଶେଷଥର ପାଇଁ ମିଶି ଖାଇଥିଲେ । ଜିମି ତାଙ୍କର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଉତ୍ତମ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଥିଲା ଏବଂ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ଅତି ଭଲ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସେ ଜଣେ । ସେ କହିଲେ, ଆମେ ଦୁଇଜଣ ନିଉୟର୍କରେ ଦୁଇ ଭାଇ ଭଳି ଜନ୍ମ ହୋଇ ବଢ଼ିଥିଲୁ । ଆମେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ପରସ୍ପରଠାରୁ ଅଲଗା ହେଲୁ ମୋତେ ଅଠର ବର୍ଷ ଏବଂ ଜିହ୍ନିକୁ କୋଡ଼ିଏ ବର୍ଷ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

ମୁଁ ମୋର ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଗଢ଼ିବାକୁ ଚିକାଗୋ ଗଲି । ଜିଛି କିନ୍ତୁ ଘର ଛାଡ଼ି କୁଆଡ଼େ ଯିବ ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି କହିଲା । ନିଉୟର୍କ ତା’ପାଇଁ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଭଲ ସ୍ଥାନ ଥିଲା । ସେହି ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଆମେ ଶେଷଥର ପାଇଁ ବ୍ରାଡ଼ି ଭୋଜନାଳୟରେ ରାତ୍ରିଭୋଜନ ଖାଇଲୁ ଏବଂ ରାଜି ହେଲୁ ଆଜକୁ ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଏହି ଦିନ ଏହି ତାରିଖ ଏହି ସମୟ ଏବଂ ଏହି ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଆମେ ଯେକୌଣସି ପରିସ୍ଥିତିରେ ଥିଲେ ବି ଆସି ଭେଟ ହେବା । ସେଦିନ ପରସ୍ପରଠାରୁ ଅଲଗା ହେଲାବେଳକୁ ସମୟ ଥିଲା ରାତ୍ର ୧୦ ଟା ୩୦ ମିନିଟ୍ ।

ଆମେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଭାବିଲୁ ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଆମେ ନିଜର ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ଗଢ଼ି ସାରି । ଲୋକଟିର କଥାକୁ ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣକ ଶୁଣୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ଏହା ତ ବଡ଼ କୌତୁହଳପ୍ରଦ କଥା ! ସେ ପଚାରିଲେ, ଆଚ୍ଛା ଏହି କୋଡ଼ିଏ ବର୍ଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ କୌଣସି ସମ୍ପର୍କ ନ ଥିଲା କି ? ଲୋକଜଣକ କହିଲେ, ହଁ ଥିଲା, ତାହା କେବଳ ପ୍ରଥମ ବର୍ଷେ କିମ୍ବା ୨ ବର୍ଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ପରେ ଆମେ ନିଜ ନିଜ କାମରେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ରହିଗଲୁ ।

ଲୋକଟି କହିଲା, ଚିକାଗୋ ମୋର ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାଳୟ ହେଲେ ବି ମୁଁ ଚାରିଆଡ଼େ ଘୂରି ବୁଲୁଥୁଲି । ଆଜି ସେ ଆସିଛି ତା’ର ସାଙ୍ଗକୁ ଭେଟିବାପାଇଁ ସୁଦୂର ଚିକାଗୋରୁ ହଜାର ମାଇଲ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରି ଏବଂ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଭେଟିବ । ସେ କହିଲେ ମୋର ସାଙ୍ଗ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସତ୍ୟବାନ୍ ଏବଂ ସଚ୍ଚା ଏବଂ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ମୋତେ ଭେଟିବାକୁ ଆସିବ । ଏହା କହି ଲୋକଟି ତାଙ୍କ ହାତରେ ଥ‌ିବା ହୀରା ଘଣ୍ଟାଟିକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ୧୦ଟା ୨୫ ମିନିଟ୍ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ସେ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ ସେ ସେଦିନ ରାତ୍ର ୧୦ଟା ୩୦ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପରଠାରୁ ଅଲଗା ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ପୋଲିସ୍ ବାବୁଜଣଙ୍କ ଚିକାଗୋରେ ତାଙ୍କ ରୋଜଗାର ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ସେ ସେଠାରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଭଲ ରୋଜଗାର କଥା ମାନିଲେ ଏବଂ ଆଶା କଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗ ମଧ୍ଯ ଅତି କମ୍‌ରେ ତାଙ୍କ ରୋଜଗାରର।

Think it out

Question 1.
What was the appointment made between two friends twenty years before?
Answer:
The two friends in the story are Bob and Jimmy Wells. Both were born and brought up in New York and bred like two brothers. When they come of age, Bob went to the West to make his fortune but Jimmy stayed in New York. On the day of parting, they had dined together in a restaurant and agreed that night that they would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time in spite of their distant living and conditions. This appointment was made between two friends twenty years ago.

Question 2.
What information about the friends do you gather from their conversation?
Answer:
After listening to the man about their appointment that was made twenty years ago, the policeman expressed his curiosity to know more about them. He asked the man about their correspondence, if any, during this long gap. The man said that they were in touch for a year or two but after that they lost contact of each other. It was perhaps due to increase of work and personal involvement. He said that though Chicago was his main place of living, he moved extensively in and outside of it. Then shifting his mind to his friend the man said that his friend Jimmy was always very sincere and true to his words.

He would never forget their appointment. He would meet him definitely. He had come from a distance of thousand miles to meet him and it would be worthwhile if his old friend comes back. Saying so he looked at his diamond watch and the time was ten twenty-five. He said that it was exactly half past ten when they parted there at the restaurant door twenty years ago. This Brady’s Restaurant had been changed into a hardware store. The policeman asked about his good income in the West which he admitted. He also expressed that his friend Jimmy would be earning at least half of his income.

Though a good human being, Jimmy was very slow in brain. He had to compete with the cleverest people of the world in Chicago for his livelihood. He said that life in the West was very fast and one had to struggle hard for earning and living. But in New York one became very ordinary. The policeman listened to all these and said him that his friend would be coming around. Before leaving him, he asked him whether he would wait for his friend or not. The man said that he would wait for his friend for an hour only. He would definitely come by that time. In short, two friends naturally exchanged pleasant words and talked old times without recognizing each other.

Unit – III

Introduction:
In this part of the story “After Twenty Years” the readers get surprised by coming across an unexpected situation. It gives a kind of displeasure as well as pleasure to the readers when they read about the arrest of a friend by another friend who has done it for the sake of his duty at the cost of personal relationship. Readers express sympathy on the friend who had come to meet his friend from a long distance after twenty years and got arrested by his friend. They also admire the another friend who out of his devotion to duty got his friend arrested by keeping personal relationship away from duty. Let us read the story to know the interesting happenings.

Gist:
The cold wind was blowing severely with the rain continuing all over the street. The few people who were out had hurried home. The man, who had come from thousand miles to meet an appointment at the doorway of the hardware store, was smoking and waiting his friend Jimmy Wells. About twenty minutes of his waiting a tall man wearing a long overcoat with collar turned upto his ears appeared before the man. “Is that you, Bob ? ” he asked doubtfully. “Is that you, Jimmy Wells ?” asked the man.

They shook their hands. Bob said that he was sure to find him there if he was alive. Jimmy said that they would have dined again if that old restaurant had existed. Then, he asked his friend about his days in the West. He said that the West had given him every thing. The man also enquired about Jimmy. Jimmy said that he was well and working in a departmental store as assitant manager. He was getting good salary and other benefits. Then he told Bob to go round to a place and talk about their old days. The two friends walked on the street holding arm in arm. Bob was talking of his possessions and of his important friend’s in Chicago elsewhere. The other friend wearing a overcoat was listening with deep attention.

They could not see each other’s face in the darkness. They came near a medicine store located in a lighted area. There they could see each other’s face. Bob stopped suddenly and freed his arm from his friend’s arm. He said to tha man that he was not Jimmy. Twenty years is a long time but not long enough to change a man’s sharp nose to a flat one. The tall man said that it sometimes changes a good man into a bad one. Then he arrested Bob and told that the Commissioner of Police, Chicago wanted to talk with Bob in connection with some bundles of five dollar counterfeit notes. He took Bob to the police station.

While going to the police station, the tall man handed over a letter to Bob by saying that it was from Assistant Sub-Inspector Jimmy Wells. The friend from Chicago opened the letter and it was a short note. “Bob: I was at the apointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. Somehow I could not do it myself, so I went around and got a plain-clothes policeman to do the job.” It was revealed from the story that though Jimmy knew his friend, the wanted criminal he made him arrested. He ignored his personal relationship when it came in the way of his duty. His devotion to duty was so much that it undermined his personal relationship. Only a few people could do it and Jimmy Wells was one of them.

ସାରାଂଶ :
ନିଉୟର୍କ ସହରର ସେହି ଗଳିରେ ସେଦିନ ଥଣ୍ଡା ବଢ଼ି ବଢ଼ି ଯାଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ତା’ ସାଙ୍ଗକୁ ବର୍ଷା ମଧ୍ଯ । ଯେଉଁ କେତେକ ଅଳ୍ପ ଲୋକ ବାହାରେ ରହିଥିଲେ ସେମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଘରକୁ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଫେରି ଗଲେଣି । କିନ୍ତୁ ହଜାର ମାଇଲ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରି ସୁଦୂର ଚିକାଗୋରୁ ନିଜ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କୁ ୨୦ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଦେଖା କରିବାକୁ ଆସିଥିବା ଲୋକଟି ସେହି hardware ଷ୍ଟୋର ଆଗରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇଥିଲା । ସେ ସିଗାରେଟ୍ ଟାଣୁଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗ ଜିୱି ୱେଲସ୍ ଆସିବା ବାଟକୁ ଅନାଇ ବସିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାର ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୦ ମିନିଟ୍ ପରେ ଜଣେ ଡେଙ୍ଗା ଲୋକ ସାଧା ପୋଷାକରେ ଏକ ଲମ୍ବାକୋର୍ଟ ପିନ୍ଧି ତାଙ୍କ ସମ୍ମୁଖରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ।

‘ତୁମେ ବବ୍ କି ?”’ ସେ ସହେନ୍ଦରେ ପଚାରିଲେ । ‘ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ଜିହ୍ନି ୱେଲସ୍ ?”’ ଲୋକଟି ପଚାରିଲା । ପରିଚୟ ମିଳିଥିବାରୁ ସେମାନେ ହାତ ମିଳାଇଲେ । ବବ୍ କହିଲେ, ‘ମୁଁ ନିଶ୍ଚିନ୍ତ ଥୁଲି, ତୁମେ ଯଦି ବଞ୍ଚାଅ ଆସିବ ।’’ ଜିହ୍ନି କହିଲେ, ‘ଆଜି ଯଦି ସେ ପୁରୁଣା ଭୋଜନାଳୟଟି ଥାଆନ୍ତା ଆମେ ପୁଣିଥରେ ସେଠି ଭୋଜନ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତେ । ଆଚ୍ଛା ହେଉ, ତୁମେ ପଶ୍ଚିମରେ କେମିତି ଅଛ କୁହ।’’ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ବବ୍ କହିଲେ, ‘ପଶ୍ଚିମାଞ୍ଚଳ ମତେ ସବୁକିଛି ଦେଇଛି । ତୁମେ ନିଉୟର୍କରେ କେମିତି ଅଛ ?’’ ସେ କହିଲେ ‘ମୁଁ ଭଲରେ ଅଛି ଏବଂ ଏକ ଡିପାର୍ଟମେଣ୍ଟାଲ ଷ୍ଟୋରରେ ଉପମ୍ୟାନେଜର ଭାବରେ କାମ କରୁଛି । ମୁଁ ଭଲ ଦରମା ସହ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ସୁବିଧା ମଧ୍ଯ ପାଉଛି ।’’ ତା’ପରେ ସେ କହିଲେ ‘ବବ୍, ଆସ ଆଗକୁ ଟିକେ ବୁଲିଯିବା ଏବଂ ଆମର ସେହି ପୁରୁଣା ଦିନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଷୟରେ କଥା ହେବା ।’’ ଦୁଇ ଜଣଯାକ ସାଙ୍ଗ ହାତ ଧରାଧରି ହୋଇ ଗଳି ରାସ୍ତାରେ ଆଗେଇ ଚାଲିଲେ ।

ବବ୍ ଚିକାଗୋରେ ଥିବା ତାଙ୍କର ଧନ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି, କୋଠାବାଡ଼ି ଏବଂ ଧନୀ ଓ ପ୍ରତିପତ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ କହି ଚାଲିଲେ । ଅନ୍ୟ ସାଙ୍ଗଟି ସାଧା ପୋଷାକ ଉପରେ ଏକ ଓଭରକୋର୍ଟ ପିନ୍ଧି ବାଟ ଚାଲୁଥିଲାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ମନଦେଇ ଶୁଣୁଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପରର ମୁହଁକୁ ଅନ୍ଧାରରେ ଦେଖ୍ ପାରୁନଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଆସ୍ତେ ଆସ୍ତେ ଆଲୋକିତ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଏକ ଔଷଧ ଦୋକାନ ପାଖରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ସେଠାରେ ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପରର ମୁହଁକୁ ଦେଖିପାରିଲେ । ବବ୍ ହଠାତ୍ ରହିଗଲେ ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗ ହାତରୁ ହାତ କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ‘ଆପଣ ତ ଜିଛି ୱେଲସ୍ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି । କୋଡ଼ିଏ ବର୍ଷ ଏକ ଲମ୍ବା ସମୟ ହୋଇପାରେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏତେ ଲମ୍ବା ନୁହେଁ ଯେ ଏକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଗୋଜିଆ ନାକକୁ ଚେପ୍‌ଟା ବବ୍ ହଠାତ୍ ରହିଗଲେ ଏବଂ ସାଙ୍ଗ ହାତରୁ ହାତ କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ‘ଆପଣ ତ ଜିଛି ୱେଲସ୍ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି । କୋଡ଼ିଏ ବର୍ଷ ଏକ ଲମ୍ବା ସମୟ ହୋଇପାରେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏତେ ଲମ୍ବା ନୁହେଁ ଯେ ଏକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଗୋଜିଆ ନାକକୁ ଚେପ୍‌ଟା ନାକରେ ବଦଳାଇ ଦେବ ।’’

ଡେଙ୍ଗା ଲୋକଟି କହିଲେ, ‘ଏହି ଲମ୍ବା ସମୟ ବେଳେବେଳେ ଜଣେ ଭଲ ଲୋକକୁ ଖରାପ ଲୋକ କରିଦିଏ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ତୁମକୁ ଆରେଷ୍ଟ କରାଗଲା। ଚିକାଗୋର ପୋଲିସ୍ କମିଶନର ତୁମ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ କଥା ହେବାପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ତୁମ ସହିତ କିଛି ଜାଲନୋଟ୍ ବିଷୟରେ କଥା ହେବେ । ତୁମେ କୌଣସି ଚାଲବାଜି ନ କରି ମୋ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଆସ ।’’ ପୋଲିସ୍ ଷ୍ଟେସନ୍‌କୁ ଗଲାବାଟରେ ସାଧା ପୋଷାକଧାରୀ ପୋଲିସ୍‌ ତାଙ୍କ “‘ବବ୍, ମୁଁ ଠିକ୍ ସମୟରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରିତ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଥୁଲି । ତୁମେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସିଗାରେଟ୍ ଲଗାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଦିଆସିଲି କାଠି ଲଗାଇଲ ମୁଁ ସେହି ଆଲୋକରେ ତୁମ ମୁହଁକୁ ଦେଖୁଲି ଓ ଜାଣିଲି ଏ ହେଉଛି ସେହି ମୁହଁ ଯାହାକୁ ଚିକାଗୋରେ ମୋଷ୍ଟ ୱାଣ୍ଟେଡ୍ ତାଲିକାରେ ରଖାଯାଇଛି ।ଯାହାହେଉ ମୁଁ ସେ କାମ କରିପାରିଲିନି । ତେଣୁ ମୁଁ ଚାଲିଗଲି ଏବଂ ଏକ ସାଧାପୋଷାକଧାରୀ ପୋଲିସ୍ ଜରିଆରେ ତୁମକୁ ବନ୍ଦୀ କଲି ।’’ ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରୁ ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହେଉଛି ଯେ ଜିୱି ଏକ ପୋଲିସ୍ ଭାବରେ ନିଜର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇ ତାଙ୍କର ଜଣେ ଅପରାଧୀ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କୁ ବନ୍ଦୀ କଲେ । କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଆଗରେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ଆସିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେ ପ୍ରଥମଟିକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦେଲେ । ଏହା କେବଳ ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷରେ ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଜିମି ୱେଲସ୍ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ।

Glossary:
unexpected: not expected An unexpected (ଅପ୍ରତ୍ୟାଶିତ) danger puzzled him.
twist: put into confusion (ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱରେ ପକାନ୍ତୁ) He is twist and is unable to take a decision about his future.
hardware store: deals with hardware (ହାର୍ଡୱେର୍) He is a manager of a hardware store.
puffed up: feeling proud (ଗର୍ବିତ ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଛି )He was puffed up by the his success in the civil examination.
sure as fate: very certain (ବହୁତ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ) His achievement was sure as fate.
rapt: deep (ଗଭୀର) He listened to the discussion with rapt attention.

Think it out:

Question 1.
How long did the man from the West wait? What was weather then?
Answer:
The man from the West waited about twenty minutes and then a tallman in a long overcoat came from the opposite side of the street to meet him. The weather then was very bad. The wind was too cold and the rain was continuing. People who were out hurried up home.

Question 2.
How did the man from the West and the man in a long overcoat greet each other?
Answer:
When the man from the West was waiting at the doorway of the hardware store, the man in a long overcoat appeared. Looking at the man at the hardware store he doubtfully asked, “Is that you, Bob ?” “Is that you, Jimmy Wells V asked Bob. Then they could know each other and shook hands. “Bless my heart !” exclaimed the new arrival. In this way they greeted each other.

Question 3.
When did Bob realise that the tall man he had met was not Jimmy Wells?
Answer:
When Bob and the tall man reached at the medicine store walking arm in arm, they could see each other’s face in the electric lights. Bob suddenly stopped by leaving his arm. He thought that how this tall man with flat nose would be Jimmy Wells who had a sharp nose. One could be 6 to 8 inch long in twenty years time but it is not long enough to convert a sharp nose to a flat nose. Thus Bob realised that the tall man he had met was not Jimmy Wells.

Question 4.
Why did Jimmy get Bob arrested?
Answer:
Jimmy, who was a policeman, was a man of principle, honest and dutiful. Bob, on the other hand, was a professional criminal who printed counterfeit notes and earned easy money. Once upon a time in twenty years ago they were good friends. Before they got separated, they had promised to meet each other at the Brady’s Restaurant where they had taken their last dinner. But when they meet, Jimmy saw the
face of the man who was wanted in Chicago. The responsibility and devotion of his duty made him to ignore his personal relationship. Therefore he got him arrested.

Question 5.
Did Jimmy keep his appointment with Bob after twenty years? What consideration did he show for his old friend?
Answer:
Yes, Jimmy did so because he was exactly on time at the hardware store where they decided to meet after twenty years. He kept his appointment. At the same time he was assigned the duty to catch a notorious criminal from Chicago. He had the reconstructed photograph of the criminal with him which matched the face of his friend. So he did not disclose his identity. As a policeman he considered his duty more than his friendship. Thus instead of enjoying with his old friend Bob after twenty years, he made him arrested by another policeman’ who played the role of Jimmy Wells. Though he did not arrest his friend directly he did it by another policeman. This could be his only

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English After Twenty Years Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Examining closed doors as he went, making various interesting and playful movements with his small stick, the officer, with his stalwart figure and smart movements made a fine picture of the guardian of the law. He could see a few lights coming from a cigar store, an all-night hotel, and one or two tailoring shops completing the day’s work. The majority of the houses were business places that had long since been closed. Now and then he would suddenly turn about, and cast his watchful eye along the peaceful road. He was thinking of what his boss had said in the morning: “Pale face, square jaws, deep and dark eyes, and a little white scar near the right eyebrow.” As a part of the police organization, he felt a little ashamed that the name of this notorious criminal was still unknown, and that he was still at large. Printing counterfeit notes was a serious affair, he knew, and the criminal must be caught. He took out his pocket-book under a lamp-post and looked at the five-dollar note and the reconstructed photograph. He became thoughtful: Chicago – a thousand miles away. What chance ?” Then he said to himself aloud, ‘Never mind, my boy, you have been a dutiful one these last eighteen years, and luck owes you a debt.’ He was in the habit of talking to himself, sometimes,- when nobody was by. And he liked to refer to himself as a boy, though he was forty. There was another thing in his mind. He looked at his watch, – a quarter past ten; fifteen minutes more. It was a long road; but there was enough time. After a minute he descried about five hundred metres ahead the outline of a man near the doorway of a darkened hardware store. He quickened his steps. The place was slightly dark, lying exactly midway between two lamp-posts. He was about to address the man, but changed his mind and allowed the man to begin. The man realised that the way he was standing there must look suspicious to one who didn’t know his story. So he said, as the policeman walked up to him: ‘It’s all right, officer; I’am just waiting for a friend. It is an appointment made twenty years ago. It sounds a little funny to you, doesn’t it? Well, I’ll explain so as to remove all suspicion from your mind: About twenty years ago there used to be a restaurant where this store stands, “Brady’s Restaurant.”

Questions :
(i) Describe the policeman’s feelings while doing patrol duty?
(ii) ‘There was another thing in his mind.’ What was that?

Answers :
(i) The policeman was assigned a duty to catch a die-hard criminal. He was in search of that notorious criminal. He was quite sure to be successful in performing his duty. He thought that he had been a sincere and dutiful policeman since last eighteen years and luck always remained with him. At the same time he felt a little ashamed that the name of such a notorious criminal was still unknown to the police department. Thus, the policeman had serious feelings while doing patrol duty.
(ii) Though police man was assigned a duty to catch a notorious criminal, still there was another thing in his mind. Perhaps he had to meet someone or to do something on a particular time. Therefore, he looked at his watch and said that there was more fifteen minutes in his hand.

Question 2.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
The two men started up the streets, arm in arm. The man from the West, somewhat puffed up by success, was talking of his possessions and of his important friends in Chicago and elsewhere. The other, covered with his overcoat, was listening with rapt attention. They had not yet taken a good look at each other’s face. They neared a medicine store lit brilliantly, with electric lights. There each of them turned simultaneously to gaze at the other’s face. The man from the West stopped suddenly and let go the other’s arm.
‘You’re not Jimmy Wells’, he faltered. ‘Twenty year is a long time, but not long enough to change a man’s sharp nose to a flat one?’
‘It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one’, said the tall man.
‘You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes, Bob, or whatever your name is. The Commissioner of police, Chicago, longs to have a chat with you in connection with some bundles of five-dollar notes, which have come his way. Come quietly, please, and no tricks. Before we gQ to the station, here’s a note I was asked to give you. It’s from Assistant Sub-Inspector Jimmy Wells.’ The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper handed to him. His hand was steady when he began to read, but it trembled a little by the time he had finished. The note was rather short.
‘Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was theface of the man wanted in Chicago. Somehow I couldn ’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain-clothes policeman to do the job.’

Questions :
(i) Give a picture of Bob and Jimmy when they were in the streets?
(ii) Comment on the ending of the story.

Answers :
(i) We find the two friends, Bob and Jimmy, in the streets walking arm in arm. Bob who had now come from the West was in high spirits. Unprecedented success had made him as if he were over the moon. He kept on talking of his wealth and of his great friends in Chicago. Jimmy, covered with his overcoat, was listening with deep attention. In spite of being with each other for some time, they had not looked distinctly at each other. The inevitable happened. They gazed at each other’s face at the same time.
(ii) The two friends, Bob and Jimmy, have kept their appointment after twenty years, but there is a turning point in the end. Bob is shocked in disbelief when the man tells him that he has been under arrest. The man talking to him is asked to hand over him a note which outlines Jimmy’s arrival at the appointed place on time and recognition of his face wanted in Chicago while lighting his cigar and his inability to arrest his friend and hence through a plain-clothes policeman. This is the consideration Jimmy Wells showed for his old friend Bob. Honest and dutiful as he is, Jimmy Wells has done his job perfectly. The ending is superb for its ‘O’ Henry Twist’ or suprising ending.

Introducing the Author:
William Sydney Porter was an American writer. He was known by his pen name O’ Henry. He lived for a successful period of forty-eight years. Before his death, he had written a good number of short stories. All his short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and surprise.

About the Story: 
Now-a-days people mostly value their personal relationship. They even undermine their duty when it clashes with their personal relationship. But there are still people who prefer duty to their relationship. Duty is god to them. O’ Henry describes this story to show – ‘Devotion to duty triumps over personal relationship’. In the story, there are two friends who gets separated at a point of time and meet again after a period of twenty years. But the duty of a friend compels him to undermine his relationship. A friend in the way of his duty has been forced to arrest his friend. The story is narrated in three units which depicts the irony and pathos of life in a subtle and dramatic manner.

Read More:

• Three Questions Question Answer
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