Class 11

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 6 Marriage Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 6 Marriage

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Marriage Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist :
During his stay in his native village, in summer holidays, Rajendra Prasad’s marriage was arranged when he was in the fifth standard. The bride’s father and his younger brother, a lawyer in Ballia, came to his village and asked him some questions. Then he left the place. Their satisfaction indicated their approval of the marriage. This culminated in engagement ceremony. Contrary to the wishes of his father, customridden as they were, the bride’s father gave them clothes, utensils including cash present of Rs. 2,000. At that time the financial condition of Rajendra’s family was not in a good shape, because of unprofitable zamindari, famine condition, escalating expenses and lingering lawsuit. In spite of these adverse circumstances, his father did not lose heart and instead, to keep the image of their family, he decided to make the marriage a fabulous affair. He lavishly spent on ornaments and other items.

Glossary:
Zeradei : native village of the author in Siwan district of Bihar (ଜେରାଡେ)
sent for : order someone to come back (ପାଇଁ ପଠାଯାଇଛି)
put : (here) asked (ଏଠାରେ) ପଚାରିଲା
retired (v) : left the place (ସ୍ଥାନ ଛାଡି)
signified : gave consent (ସମ୍ମତି ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି)
match : marriage (ବିବାହ)
betrothal : engagement ceremony (ଯୋଗଦାନ ସମାରୋହ)
customary : according to custom (କଷ୍ଟମ୍ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ)
keen : much interestd (ବହୁତ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ)
considerable : huge (ବିରାଟ)
pomp and show : glint and glitter (ଚମକ୍ ଓ ଚମକ୍)
strain : difficulty (ଅସୁବିଧା)
gone up : increased (ବର୍ଦ୍ଧିତ)
protracted : longer than usual (ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ସମୟ)
litigation : court case (କୋର୍ଟ କେସ୍)
despite : in spite of (ଏହା ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ)
grand : dignified or noble (ସମ୍ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ବା ସମ୍ମାନିତ)
lavish : profuse (ପ୍ରଚୁର)

Think it out

Question 1.
How was the author’s marriage finalised?
Answer:
When the author was thirteen years old and in the fifth standard the bride’s father and his younger brother visited their house in connection with his marriage proposal. They asked him some questions and after some time, he left the place. The guests were pleased and gave their consent to go ahead in the proposal. After a few days, the Tilak, the symbol of engagement ceremony was over. Contrary to his wishes father received clothes, utensils and a cash present of Rs. 2,000. This is how the author’s marriage was finalised.

Question 2.
What idea of the ritual of Tilak do you get from the passage?
Answer:
The ritual of Tilak is a social custom. It is an integral part of marriage. Once marriage is fixed, the Tilak ritual precedes it. As per this custom, bride’s father sends clothes, utensils and money as gift to bridegroom’s house.

Question 3.
What was the financial condition of the author’s family? Did it affect the pomp and show of the author’s wedding ?
Answer:
According to the author, the financial condition of the author’s family was in a very bad shape. Several factors such as, declining profits in the zamindary due to famine, the deaths in their family, increasing expenditure and lingering court case contributed to their family strain. In spite of these difficulty, it could not dampen the pomp and show of the author’s wedding. Family prestige was very important for his father. He spent lavishly on ornaments and other articles.

Unit – II

Gist :
The author takes us back to his marriage processions. They were symatically planned and organised. The place of marriage was Dalan-Chapra, in Balia District. It was two days’ journey from the author’s village. The avialability of only one elephant and few horses, many palkies were used in the procession. His father and other relatives came in the palkies carried by the bearers. The author came in a palki made of silver and it was naturally a great burden for the bearers. The scorching summer made the procession a difficult affair. Evening set in. They took rest for the night in a village on the bank of the Sarju. The following morning they including the horses and bullock carts crossed the river with the help of boats. The elephant created a problem. The idea of crossing the river made it uncomfortable. They all tried their best by tying it to the boats and ferry it across.

But it proved futile. At last they left the elephant behind. Absence of an elephant in his son’s marriage made author’s father unhappy. He remembered how colourful his marriage procession was with the accompaniment of scores of elephants. It was getting late. They set out for the destination at a fast pace. At last the author’s father was happy at the sight of a few elephants who were coming towards them after the completion of another marriage ceremony. Thanks to the mahouts, elephants became a part of their procession that reached the bride’s place 11 in the night. The delay in their arrival made the bride’s party nervous. In spite of being relieved at their eventual arrival, they were a little upset, because the author’s marriage could not match their expectation of gaiety and colour. In other words, it was not spectacular. But low spirits were enlivened at the sight of the ornaments, dresses, sweets and other presents brought by the author’s family for the bride. Whether the bridegroom was to their expectation is not known to him.

Glossary:
elaborate : carefully prepared and organised (ସୁଚିନ୍ତିତ ଓ ସୁସଙ୍ଗଠିତ ଢଙ୍ଗରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି)
auspicious : showing signs of future success (ଭବିଷ୍ୟତର ସଫଳତାର ସଙ୍କେତ ଦେଖାଉଛି)
procure : obtain (ଆହରଣ କରିବା)
sturdy : strong (ବଳିଷ୍ଠ)
canopy (ଛତ୍ରୀ) : a big decorated spreading cloth drawn over the palki
turning : changing (ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ)
encamped : pitched a camp (ଛାଉଣି କରିଦେଲେ)
transported : carried (ଭାରାକ୍ରାନ୍ତ)
hide and seek : a children’s game (ପିଲାଙ୍କ ଖେଳକୁଦ)
reluctantly : unwillingly (ଅନିଚ୍ଛାକୃତ ଭାବେ)
abandon (v) : give up (ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା)
wrench : sad parting (ଦୁଃଖଦ ବିୟୋଗ)
scores : sets of twenty (କୋଡ଼ିଏ ସେଟ୍)
dejected : sad, gloomy (ବିଷାଦମୟ, ବିଷାଦମୟ)
tusker : a male elephant (ଏକ ପୁରୁଷ ହାତୀ)

Think it out

Question 1.
How does the author describe his marriage party?
Answer:
The author’s marriage party, a big one, comprised only one elephant, a few horses and many plakies. His brother, father and other relatives accompanied the party riding a horse and sitting in palkies respectively. The author himself came in a special palki made of silver. The wind blew up the canopy and as a result made the bearer’s job dificult. After resting for the night in a village and the crossing the river the following morning, they reached the bride’s place 11 in the night, because it was situated 40 miles away from the bridegroom’s village.

Question 2.
Why was the author’s father unhappy?How was his wish fulfilled?
Answer:
Only one elephant that was a part of the author’s party was made to swim across the river. Despite all efforts, it did not relent. As a result, the party excluded the elephant. To the author’s father, it was a sad parting. But he was especially unhappy not to have even a single male elephant in his son’s procession. He remembered his marriage where the presence of scores of elephants lent a beauty to it. However, his wish was fulfilled to get other elephants in the party. They were coming after taking part in another wedding ceremony. Their mahouts greatly helped his father

Unit – III

Gist :
The author walks down the memory lane. Their marriage party reached the bride’s village late in the night. At that time he was a teenager. He had already slept in the palki. Two days’ strenous journey did not allow him to keep his eyes open smoothly in the course of rituals. He has forgotten what exactly had happened during the ceremonies. The marriage was a child’s play for him. He was unable to understand the significance of the marriage or to feel its responsibility. He performed the ceremonies in accordance with the wishes of the Pandit and the women of the house like an automatic machine. The author describes the ritual of Duragman. This refers to the fact that after the completion of marriage, sometimes the bride is not entitled to come with the groom to his house soon. Some time passes on. Then another small party is given the task of fetching the girl.

This was also applicable to him. They returned to their house after spending two days in the bride’s house. The author’s family strictly adhered to the purdah custom. He vividly remembers when his brother’s wife came to his home. She was allowed to interact only with her two maid-servants who had accompanied her. She was confined to her room and was forbidden to come even into the verandah. None but the cook and tender-aged boy servants and that too with their mothers were allowed to enter the courtyard. His sister-in-law was tightly protected when she was interested to go to her bath-room. At that time, her two maid-servants were instrumental in carrying bedsheets as covers on either side. She would not show her face even to the author’s mother, aunt or sister during their presence in her room. No maid-servant of Zeradei was allowed to go there. The author had seen her face once or twice, when he was a boy. His wife’s advent in Zerdei was no different. She had to abide by the custom of purdah in word and spirit, but the rules were applied less in course of time.

Glossary:
pre-nupital : before wedding ceremony (ବିବାହ ଉତ୍ସବ ପୂର୍ବରୁ)
Herculean : a very difficult (ବହୁତ କଷ୍ଟରେ)
settling : fixing, selecting (ଫିକ୍ସିଂ, ସିଲେକ୍ଟିଂ)
automaton : automatic machine (ସ୍ୱୟଞ୍ଚାଳିତ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର)
took palce : occurred (ଘଟିତ)
had no hand : no say (କହିବନି)
match : marriage (ବିବାହ)
pull : to draw with force (ବଳ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରି ଟାଣିବା)
veil : a covering of the face (ମୁହଁର ଆବରଣ)

Think it out

Question 1.
What are the author’s remarks on his marriage?
Answer:
The author got married, when he was a teenager. He does not remember the ceremonies in deails. His marriage was no different from the game of dolls’ marriage. This was a child’s play for him. He was neither able to make out the importance of the marriage nor feel its responsibility. He didn’t have a say on this matter. He performed the ceremonies in accordances with the wishes of the Pandit and the women of his family. He could scarcely understand what had occurred. The only thing he knew that someone would join her family as his wife just as the entry of his sister-in-law.

Question 2.
How does the author describe the ritual of Duragman?
Answer:
The ritual of Duragman, according to the writer, refers to the fact that after the completion of marriage, sometimes the bride is not entitled to come with the groom to his house soon. Some time passes on. Then another small party is given the task of fetching the girl. This was also applicable to him. They returned to their house after spending two days in the bride’s house. The performance of came off took place after a year when the author’s wife came to their house.

Question 3.
How does he narrate the custom of purdah observed by his sister-in-law?
Answer:
The author narrates that his sister-in-law observed the custom of purdah in their house. She was allowed to interact only with her two maid-servants who had accompanied her. She was confined to her room and was forbidden to come even into the verandah. None but the cook and tender-aged boy servants and that too with their mothers were allowed to enter the courtyard. His sister-in-law was tightly protected when she was interested to go to her bath-room. At that time, her two maid-servants were instrumental in carrying bedsheets as covers on either side. She would not show her face even to the author’s mother, aunt or sister during their presence in her room. No maid-servant of Zerdei was allowed to go there.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Marriage Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
In the evening, we encamped in a village on the bank of the Sarju. We rested for the night and the next morning we started crossing the river. The luggage, the palkies, the horses, and the bullock carts were transported on boats while the elephant was made to swim across. But the elephant had other ideas on the subject. It seemed to be bent on going back home. The mahout tried his best to set it on its course, the elephant would go forward a little but would turn back. After an hour of hide and seek like this, efforts were made to tie it to the boats and tow it across, but it was of no avail. With the elephant having decided views, we reluctantly abandoned the idea of taking it with us. The mahout returned with his elephant. To my father it was a wrench. His own marriage procession having been distinguished by the presence of scores of elephants, he was naturally dejected that his son’s marriage party should not have been honoured even by a single tusker. But already we were behind time; so we set off at a brisk pace. In the evening, however, my father’s wish was gratified. When we were nearing our destination, we saw a few elephants coming towards us. They had been engaged by another marriage party and were returning after the wedding was over. A few words to the mahouts and the matter was settled, the elephants joined our party. We reached the bride’s place at 11 in the night. The bride’s party were getting nervous because of the delay in our arrival and though relieved when at last we arrived, they were a bit disappointed as our party was not to their expectation in pomp and show. But their spirits revived when they saw the ornaments, dresses, sweets and other presents, which we had brought for the bride. Whether they felt happy to see the bridegroom too, I do not know !

Questions :
(i) Why had the only one elephant that accompanied the author’s marriage come back?
(ii) How does the author depict the concern of the bride’s family?

Answers :
(i) The author’s marriage party comprised only one elephant. After resting for one night in a village on the bank of the Saraju, all the members including the luggage, the horses, the palkies and so on crossed the river with the help of boats. The elephant was made to swim across it. It was determined not to do so. An hour of playing hide and seek with the mahout by going forward a little and turning back led the members of the author’s family to tie it to boats and ferry it across, but in vain. At last they reluctantly decided to abandon it.
(ii) Circumstances made the marriage party reach the bride’s place at 1 1 in the night. The delay in their arrival filled the members of the latter’s family with nervousness. They heaved a sigh of relief to see them reach their place. They were a little upset, because the glint and glitter in the bridegroom’s party could not match their expectation. However, all ended well, when they saw the ornaments, dresses, etc.
brought by the author’s family.

Introducing the Author:
Rajendra Prasad, one of the architects of modem Indian Republic, was the first President of the country. Besides, he was both the President of Constituent Assembly and Congress in 1939 and 1943. He writes in a very simple and lucid manner.

About the Story :
‘Marriage ’, an autobiographical sketch of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, justifiably deals with his marriage experiences. He got married, when he was a teenager. The writer throws light on his marriage party, the bride’s family and the strict observance of purdah.

Summary :
The writer walks down the memory lane. His marriage was arranged, when Rajendra Prasad was 13. The bride’s father and his younger brother, a lawyer, came to their house to see the author; they interviewed the latter. They were satisfied and approved of the marriage. This culminated in engagement ceremony. Contrary to the wishes of his father, custom-ridden as they were, the bride’s father gave them clothes, utensils including cash present of Rs. 2,000. At that time the financial condition of Rajendra’s family was not in a good shape, because of unprofitable zamindari, famine condition, escalating expenses and lingering lawsuit. In spite of these adverse circumstances, his father did not lose heart and instead, to keep the image of their family, he decided to make the marriage a fabulous affair. He lavishly spent on ornaments and other items.

In accordance with the family’s custom, the author’s marriage was marked by a big procession that comprised one elephant, a few horses, many palkies, his brother, his father and other relatives. His brother came riding on a strong horse, his father and other relatives in palkies carried by the bearers, and the bridegroom in a special palki made of silver. The hot winds and the scorching sun made riding in a palki a difficult affair.

It was a two days’ journey to the bride’s place. The marriage party had to rest for one night in a village on the bank of the Sarju. The boats were the means for them to cross the river. But the only one elephant that accompanied them posed a great problem to them. It was determined not to swim across the river. The efforts of the mahout and other members to tie it to the boats and ferry it across proved futile. It played an hour of hide and seek with the mahout going forward a little and turning back. At last they reluctantly gave up the idea of taking it with them. To the author’s father, it was a sad parting. He was unhappy, because his son’s image would suffer disgrace, if the party went ahead without an elephant. In this connection, he recollects his colourful marriage party, thanks to the presence of scores of elephants. He wished for them in his son’s party.

His wish was fulfilled when a few elephants coming from another marriage ceremony joined it after the settlement with their mahouts. It was getting late. The procession started at a fast pace and reached the bride’s place at 1 1 in the night. The bride’s family was naturally nervous. The arrival of the marriage party made them breathe a sigh of relief. They were also a littel upset, because the glint and glitter in the author’s procession did not match their expectation. But it was short-lived. Their drooping spirits were enlivened to see the ornaments, dresses, sweets and other presents brought by the groom’s family. Then the author throws light on the remarks he had made on his marriage. He got married, when he was a teenager. He does not remember the ceremonies in deails. His marriage was no different from the game of dolls’ marriage.

This was a child’s play for him. He was neither able to make out the importance marriage nor feel its responsibility. He didn’t have a say on this matter. He performed the ceremonies in accordances with the wishes of the Pandit and the women of his family. He could scarcely understand what had occurred. The only thing he knew that someone would join her family as his wife just as the entry of his sister-in-law. The author also describes the ritual of Duragman. It refers to the fact that after the completion of marriage, sometimes the bride is not entitled to come with the groom to his home soon. Some time passes on. Then another small party is given the task of fetching the girl. This was also applicable to him.

They returned to their house after spending two days in the bride’s house. Strict observance of the custom ofpurdah was the essence of the author’s family. His sister-in-law was also not an exception. She was allowed to interact only with her two maidservants who had accompanied her. She was confined to her room and was forbidden to come even into the varandah. None but the cook and tender-aged boy servants and that too with their mothers were allowed to enter the courtyard. His sisterin-law was tightly protected when she was interested to go to her bath-room. At that time, her two maid-servants were instrumental in carrying bedsheets as covers on either side. She would not show her face even to the author’s mother, aunt or sister during their presence in her room. No maid-servant of Zeradei was allowed to go there. Author had seen her face once or twice when he was a boy. Same was happened in case of his wife.

ସାରାଂଶ :

ଡ. ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ୧୩ ବର୍ଷ ଓ ସେ ପଞ୍ଚମ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ପଢୁଥିଲେ, ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତା ତାଙ୍କର ବାହାଘର ବନ୍ଦୋବସ୍ତ କଲେ । ସେତେବେଳର ପ୍ରଥା ଅନୁସାରେ ବାହାଘର ବ୍ୟାପାରରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମୁଣ୍ଡ ଖେଳାଇବାର ନଥିଲା । କନ୍ୟାର ଦାଦା ଦିନେ ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖ‌ିବାକୁ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ କିଛି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିଲେ ଓ ଫେରିଗଲେ । ଅଳ୍ପଦିନ ଭିତରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଘରୁ ‘ତଲକ୍‌’’ ପର୍ବ ପାଇଁ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲା । ଏହା ବିବାହ ପାଇଁ ‘ସ୍ଵିକୃତି’ କୁ ବୁଝାଏ । ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ଶ୍ଵଶୁର ଘରୁ ଦାମି ଲୁଗାପଟା, ବାସନକୁସନ ଓ ଦୁଇହଜାର ଟଙ୍କା ଆସିଥିଲା । ସେତେବେଳେ ଦୁଇ ହଜାର ଟଙ୍କା ଖୁବ୍ ବେଶୀ । ସେହି ଅନୁସାରେ ବାହାଘର ପ୍ରସେସନ୍ ଓ ଆନୁସଙ୍ଗିକ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ମଧ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ ।

ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାରର ଆର୍ଥିକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଏତେ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛଳ ନ ଥିଲା । ଜମିଦାରି ଭଲ ଚାଲିନଥିଲା । ତଥାପି ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଯେ କୌଣସି ଉପାୟରେ ବାହାଘରକୁ ଧୁମ୍ଧଡ଼କରେ କରିବାକୁ ଆୟୋଜନ କଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ବାହାଘରରେ ହାତୀ, ଘୋଡ଼ା, ପାଲିଙ୍କି ଯାଉଥଲା । ଯେଉଁ ପ୍ରସେସନ୍‌ରେ ଯେତେ ହାତୀ ଅଧ୍ଵ, ତାହା ସେତେ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ । ମାତ୍ର ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ବାହା ତିଥିରେ ଅନେକ ବାହାଘର ହେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ ହାତୀ ମିଳିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ମାତ୍ର ଗୋଟିଏ ହାତୀ, କିଛି ଘୋଡା ଓ ପାଲିଙ୍କିରେ ପ୍ରସେସନ୍ ବାହାରିଲା । ଅବଶ୍ୟ ବରର ପାଲିଙ୍କି ଖୁବ୍ ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

ବିବାହ ଦଲନ-ଚାପ୍ରାରେ ହେଉଥିଲା । ଏହା ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ଘର ଜେରାଦେଇଠାରୁ ୪୦ ମାଇଲ ଦୂରରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ । ବରଯାତ୍ରୀଦଳ ସେଠି ପହଞ୍ଚିବାକୁ ଦୁଇଦିନ ଲାଗିବ । ପ୍ରଥମଦିନ ଯାତ୍ରା ସାରି ସେମାନେ ସରଯୂନଦୀ କଳରେ ତମ୍ବୁରେ ରହିଲେ । ତା’ପରଦିନ ଡଙ୍ଗାରେ ପାଲିଙ୍କି, ଘୋଡା, ଜିନିଷପତ୍ର, ବଳଦଗାଡି ବୁହା ହୋଇ ଅପର ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵକୁଗଲା । ମାତ୍ର ସମସ୍ୟା ହେଲା ହାତୀକୁ ନେଇ ଯେତେ ଉଦ୍ୟମ କଲେ ବି ହାତୀ ଆଦୌ ଗଲା ନାହିଁ । ଶେଷରେ ମାହୁନ୍ତ ହାତୀକୁ ନେଇ ବାପାଙ୍କର ବଡ଼ ଚିନ୍ତା ହେଲା । ତାଙ୍କ ବାହାଘରକୁ କୋଡ଼ିଏରୁ ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵ ହାତୀ ପ୍ରସେସନ୍‌ରେ ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅ ବାହାଘର ବିନା ହାତୀରେ କେମିତି ହେବ ? ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟବଶତଃ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାହାଘରସାରି ଦଳେ ମାହୁନ୍ତ ତାଙ୍କ ହାତୀ ସହିତ ସେହି ରାସ୍ତା ଦେଇ ଫେରୁଥିଲେ । ବାପା ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ପଟୁଆରରେ ସାମିଲ କଲେ । ତଥାପି କନ୍ୟାଘର ଲୋକେ ଅଭିଯୋଗ କଲେ, ପ୍ରସେସନ୍ ଭଲ ହେଲାନାହିଁ ।

ବରଯାତ୍ରୀ ଦଳ କନ୍ୟା ଘରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲାବେଳକୁ ରାତି ୧୧ଟା । ପ୍ରସାଦ ପାଲିଙ୍କିରେ ଶୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ସେଇ ନିଦରେ ନିଦରେ ବାହାଘର କାମ ରାତିକ ଭିତରେ ସରିଗଲା । ସେ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରବତ୍ ପଣ୍ଡିତଙ୍କ କଥାରେ କାମ କରିଯାଉଥ୍ଲେ । ସେ ପିଲାବେଳେ ସାଙ୍ଗସାଥୀଙ୍କ ମେଳରେ କଣ୍ଢେଇ ବାହାଘର କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏ ବାହାଘର ଠିକ୍ ସେମିତି ଥିଲା । ବାହାଘର କ’ଣ ଜାଣିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ସେ ବାହା ହୋଇ ସାରିଥିଲେ । ବାହାଘର ପରେ ପ୍ରସାଦ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟମାନେ ଘରକୁ ଫେରିଲେ । କନ୍ୟା ସେଦିନ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗ ସାଥ୍‌ରେ ଆସିଲା ନାହିଁ ।

ବର୍ଷକ ପରେ ସେ “Duragman” ପର୍ବରେ ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ଘରକୁ ଆସିଲା । ସେବେଳେ ପରଦା ପ୍ରଥା ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ଘରେ ବଳବତ୍ତର ଥିଲା । କେହି ନବବଧୂର ମୁହଁ ଦେଖିପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ । ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ଭାଉଜ ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ଘରକୁ ବୋହୂ ହେଇ ଆସିଲା, ତାଙ୍କ ସାଥ୍‌ରେ ଦୁଇଜଣ ଦାସୀ ଆସିଥିଲେ । ସେ କେବଳ ତାଙ୍କରି ସାର୍ଥରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ରୁମ୍‌ରେ ଚୁପ୍‌ଚୁପ୍ କଥା ହେଉଥିଲେ । ବାରଣ୍ଡାକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆସୁନଥିଲେ । ସେ ବାରଣ୍ଡା ଦେଇ ପୁରୁଷ ଲୋକ ଯିବା ମନା । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଗାଧୋଇ ଯାଉଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ଦୁଇ ପଟେ ଲୁଗାର ଆଢ଼େଣି ଦିଆ ଯାଉଥିଲା । ପ୍ରସାଦଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆସିଲା, ସେଇ ଏକା କଥାର ପୁନରାବୃଭି ହେଲା ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Exposition Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Exposition

Expository Writing

Exposition is an orderly presentation of facts and ideas. It exposes or shows. All exposition is informative. In an exposition, you answer various questions that might be asked of an object, an event, or an idea – questions like these:
What is it?
What does it consist of?
What is it for?
How is it put together?
What good is it?
What does it mean?
What is the cause of it?
What will be the result of it?
There are several methods of writing an exposition of these, exposition by definition and exposition the rough analysis are the most important.

Activity 31

Develop paragraphs of your own, using the following plans. The given topic should form part of the opening sentence.
(a) Topic: There were several things I liked (disliked) about my high school.
Sentence 1: Topic sentence
Sentences 2, 3, 4, 5: The things I liked (disliked)
Sentence 6: Conclusion

(b) Topic: It is easier for someone to express himself in speech than in writing.

Answer:
(a) There were several things I liked in my high school. Firstly, we had good teachers who not only taught us well but were also very friendly with us. Secondly, we were never burdened with homework. Instead, we were asked to read what was taught in the class at home. Thirdly, there were a lot of extra-curricular activities which helped in developing our personality. Finally, we had an Old Boys Association which helped us keep in touch with our classmates and to know about the development of our school. Thus, my high school was really unique in many ways.

(b) Is it easier for someone to express himself in speech than in writing? Or is writing easier than speech? Linguists are divided in their views. Some say that speech is easier than writing because one learns to speak spontaneously without having to attend school. They also argue that speech takes less time to learn than writing. Others, however, dispute these views.

They contend that writing is easier than speech because it involves graphic images which the child can easily learn even before imitating speech. They also are of opinion that writing is accessible to speech-disadvantaged children and therefore, more universal. Thus, linguists are equally divided over the question of which is easier, speech or writing.

Activity 32

Write a paragraph on each of the following topics, using Chesterton’s model at page 39.
(a) Types of students
(b) Types of teachers
(c) Kinds of books we read
(d) Kinds of friends

Answer:
(a) Types of students :
Roughly speaking, there are three kinds of students in our college. The first may be called bookworms. They can always be seen pouring over books in the library when they travel by bus while having food and so on. This kind has no interest in games and most often they love to be indoors rather than play outside. The second sort may be called truants. These students take pleasure in not attending classes. They bunk college, go to films, play cricket and create a nuisance on the campus.

To them, we owe all the strikes and indiscipline in the college. The third kind is called Casanova’s. You can see them talking in hushed whispers with girls under a tree, in the corridors, accompanying them to the bus stop, or shadowing others who are not yet in their hold. The studies are secondary and they end up as unemployed youth who dream of their golden day in college.

(b) Types of teachers :
There are different types of teachers. Firstly, there are teachers who are dedicated to the core. They inspire their students to reach newer heights in the future. Their devotion to teaching is matchless. Secondly, there are teachers who just teach students for the sake of teaching. They are never serious about it. They lack dedication to their profession. Thirdly, there are those who pretend to be ideal teachers. They are dull. They always aim at earning money by paying lip service to their profession. These teachers bring disgrace to society.

(c) Kinds of books we read :
Books are of many types but they can be generally divided into good and bad. Good books are man’s most important teachers. They instruct and entertain, make men wise and ignorant, men of knowledge. Bad books, on the other hand, waste men’s time and introduce evil thoughts into their minds. They neither enlighten the mind nor broaden the imagination in the right direction. Thus good books ought always to be chosen over bad ones.

(d) Kinds of friends :
We have friends of several kinds. First, there is gossip. He can never keep our secrets and always lets us down by telling everything about us to others. Second, there is the coward. He is seldom able to stand on his own feet but that is not any danger. Keep him in the team for any enterprise and he’ll take off whenever he smells any danger to himself. Third, there is the flatterer. He always sings your praises and never tells you the truth. He is neither dependable nor trustworthy. He stays with one as long as he profits from his company and then he changes loyalty. Fourth, there is the slanderer.

This kind of friend feigns friendship but behind your back, he talks ill of you. Then there is the follower. This kind rarely takes his own initiative in doing anything for you. He’s a good supporter, a loyal disciple but you can’t hand him any responsibility and sit quietly. He needs nudging and guiding. There’s yet another kind called the parasite. He feeds on you, eats of you, borrows your notes, your money, your cycle, etc. He is always dependable. Finally, there is the one and only true friend. He is rare to find. But this is the kind of friend who is dependable, responsible, and trustworthy.

Activity 33

1. Write a paragraph ending with the sentence: “I’m afraid I didn’t like the film at all and wouldn’t recommend it to anyone.”
2. Write a short paragraph beginning with the sentence: “I had a very happy childhood.”
3. Write separate paragraphs from the point of view of the taxi driver and the truck driver, using the following outline. An accident between a truck and a taxi – an old man was killed – a buffalo was seriously injured – a policeman arrived on the scene – a doctor drove the dead body to the hospital.
4. Write a paragraph to be included in a letter to a pen-friend telling him/her how you celebrate Diwali.

Answer:
(1) Refugee is not worth watching. Its story is a stock one: Laila-Majnu, Romeo-Juliet like and perhaps borrowed from Daruwalla’s “Love in the Salt Desert.” There is no life in Abhishek Bacchan’s acting. As for action, there is not much that it has to boast off. Walking like a shepherd with a staff in his hand and a band around his head. Bacchan evokes pity rather than empathy, he does not inspire and he does not display much emotion, seems so wooden. Besides, photography, music, and choreography aren’t great either. In short, I’m afraid I didn’t like the film at all and wouldn’t recommend it to anyone.

(2) I had a very happy childhood. Father, Mother, Grandpa, and Grandma, all of us lived together. Every morning, Grandma would play with me and tell me tales. In the evening Grandpa would take me on walks and in the night I used to huddle in my mother’s lap and sleep. Those days were wonderful. It was all play and no work, no worries, no fears, only love. And every summer we went off to Puri to frolic in the sun and sand, I wasn’t afraid of the sea. Daddy put me on his shoulders and walked into the sea. The smell of the surf and the thundering of the waves excited me then as it excites me now. Truly I can never forget the joys of my childhood days.

(3) The Truck-driver’s point of view: It was almost noon as I carried a truckload of bricks to be delivered at the Institute of Physics. I was on N.H.5 and had already neared Acharya Vihar Square. I was to take a right turn at the square to get into the road leading to Sainik School. Traffic was thin and a buffalo was standing right in the turn and urinating. A taxi was coming from the Sainik School road. I put on the dippers indicating a left turn. I slowed down as I had to avoid the buffalo.

Suddenly, the taxi emerged, flashing its lights. I had already taken the turn while the taxi was speeding straight ahead. I applied the brakes but the vehicle did not halt because of the load. Instead, it careened past the taxi, hit an old man standing serenely and rammed into the ditch beside the N.H.5. My head hit the steering wheel and I became unconscious. When I woke up I was in the capital hospital. The Taxi driver’s point of view: I was returning from Sainik School after dropping a fare.

It was noon and I was supposed to pick up my little children from the convent school. I should have been there by 11.30 a.m. but it was already half an hour behind. Hence I was rushing with thoughts of my children waiting hungrily at school. As I was approaching Acharya Vihar Square, I saw a truck coming toward me. It was turning into the road. I was in a hurry. I did not want to wait till the truck had turned and so did not slow down my speed.

Instead, I flashed my headlights requesting priority of way but the adamant truck driver did not heed to my signal, it was turning. I applied the brakes but it was too late, I rammed into- a buffalo, swerved sharply to the right, grazed past the rear of the truck’s body, and then hit a telephone pole against which the car stopped. Fortunately, I escaped unhurt with only minor pain in my back. But then my problems were, not over. A policeman arrived from nowhere, accosted me, and asked me to get out of the car.

Meanwhile, people who were crowded around informed us that an old man had fallen down unconscious. There was a doctor among them and he suggested that we take him to the hospital. As the old man was brought to my taxi, the doctor noted that he had already died. However, I requested the doctor to keep quiet and immediately drove to the hospital with the dead body. I was lucky not to have been manhandled by people. But I must say it is all the truck driver’s fault. I did not kill the old man.

(4) Paragraph included in the letter

121, Kharavel Nagar,
Bhubaneswar
20 August 20

Dear Joseph,
Greeting from India!
I received your letter and your picture postcard at the same time. I will cherish the card for a long time to come. The picture of the Millennium Dome is crystal clear. It looks very beautiful. Well, you had written to me about how everyone in England celebrates Guy Fawkes day. You did have a lot of fun, really. I could see that from your letter. Do you know, here, back in India we too celebrate something similar to Guy Fawkes? There it commemorates the gunpowder plot but in India, we celebrate a festival called Diwali, the festival of lights.

It symbolizes the victory of good over evil, of light over darkness commemorating the victory of the forces of Shri Rama over the evil forces of Ravana. The festival falls every year in the month of October or November. On that day, we offer Puja to Shri Rama, distribute sweets among friends and neighbors and prepare for the night. We purchase crackers of all sorts and dry them in the sun. We also prepare wick lamps. The lamps and wicks are purchased from the market.

Then oil is poured into the lamps and the wick is set on it. These are then kept in a row on terraces, the boundary wall, on window sills, and everywhere where there is space to keep them. When night falls, these lamps are lit. There must be thousands and thousands of lamps lit in every house, in every street, town, city, district, and state. The house is thus lit like a Christmas tree. It looks beautiful and gay. After this starts the ceremony of lighting fire-crackers. Everyone, from a child to an old man enjoys lighting fire-crackers and bursting them.

This goes on till the last hours of the morning. Often, Diwali is celebrated for two days. Of course, one of these days is only declared a national holiday but then there is no holding back for persons who enjoy Diwali. They take leave and enjoy this festival. This reminds of Guy Fawkes day, isn’t it? Well, do write to me about how you celebrate Christmas. I am eager to hear from you.

With warm regards.
Your loving friend,
Subrat Das.

Activity 34

Do you have friends whose mothers are working? What problems do they have? Put these problems in the blanks in the list ‘
1. Getting pampered
2. Bad company
3. Neglecting studies
4. Aggressive attitude
5. Too much TV
6. Psychological problems.
7. Widening communication gap
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Answer:
They have a widening communication gap.
They have psychological problems.
They are getting pampered.
They neglect studies.
They have bad company.

The list below contains some advantages that children of working mothers enjoy.
Now think of other advantages and add them to the list. Are these advantages real? If not, why?
1. Complete freedom
2. No nagging for homework
3. Enjoy yourself freely
4. Have full privacy
5. Gain in confidence
6. Be more, independent
7. Do what you like
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Answer:
These advantages are not real, because, without the mother’s presence at this stage, the children never feel the importance of their formative years which shape their future in a great measure.
They develop adaptability. 
They develop a sort of creativity.
They are free from worries.

Now write a passage of 2 or 3 paragraphs on ‘ Working mothers and their children
2. Dear ………………..,
My mother started working seven years ago. My first problem is that I have to keep ringing her up to find things in the house. Second, living with a ten-year-old sister is not as easy as it seems. My younger sister is supposed to take permission from me, but most of the time she doesn’t listen to me. Then I get angry and she rings up my mom who scolds me. Third, I don’t really have much freedom because I have to call my mother to take her permission. She has placed so many restrictions on me that I feel caged in. Fourth, Let me confess that at home I listen to music, watch TV and spend a lot of time with my friends, neglecting my studies. Besides, although my parents never pamper me, they always pamper my sister, my be because she is much younger. Very often I feel neglected when they do that. Lastly, I really wish that my mother or father were at home, especially some months before the boards.
3. Dear…………………,
I think it’s the best way. I don’t think I’d like to see more of my parents at home. I like my free time. At home I read, listen to music, fiddle around with the computer, play badminton and tennis, and even I have started writing because I don’t have any other entertainment. The other definite plus is that 1 get my own privacy, and I have also become more independent, in fact, when my maternal or paternal grandparents come over, then I feel closed in somehow. Since I do my own things, I am pretty confident about everything. But having someone at home is obviously a big advantage. I can never tell myself to study. I often wish my mother were at home to tell me
and help me. Worst of all, 1 waste a lot of my time worrying about security and about meals.

Answer:
Passage 3 throws light on the impact of a working mother on her child. Here the latter likes to be away from its parents. At home, the child enjoys reading, listening to music, playing badminton and tennis, and so on. Lack of any other entertainment makes the child start writing something. The most remarkable thing about it is its own privacy. As a result of its working mother, the child somewhat develops | closeness with its maternal or paternal grandparents. It becomes confident still, the child wishes the mother were at home for help. Worrying about security and about meals takes a lot of its time.

Activity 35

Read the following letters published in an issue of India Today. These letters \ tell us what is wrong with sports in India.

(a) The story on Indian sports (“A Shocking Mess”, August 15) reveals only the tip of the problem. Officialdom and corruption have so spoiled our system that every effort is made to stall an achievement. While sportsmen live like beggars, deprived of quality gear, the managers live like kings.
R. SINGH, NEW DELHI

(b) With neither motivation nor money to galvanize them, it’s no wonder that many players bid goodbye to sports once they get a sound footing elsewhere. It is high time that those who actually know about different sports are appointed at the helm of affairs.
MANI NATRAJAN, CHENNAI

(c) The fact that only 22 of the 46 probables for the hockey team reached the coaching camp shows the lack of commitment of the players. Though official mismanagement can be blamed, the athletes have to accept part of the responsibility.
B.C. PRAKAS, BANGALORE’

(d) If the story on India’s preparation for the Hiroshima Games had been published a year or two ago, it might have had some effect. To an extent, it is this lack of media coverage of sports, other than cricket and tennis, that is also responsible for India’s debacle in various events. MANISH PATHAK, NEW DELHI

(e) The sports mess is hardly surprising. After all, sports are also managed by the bureaucracy and the bigwigs. Like other plans and programs they implement, how could they deviate from their time-honored practice here – plan with fanfare, implement with nonchalance, forget the monitoring, and don’t worry about the results?
K G JAIN, NEW DELHI

(i) Read the letters again and make a list of the factors that are responsible for the sorry state of Indian sport is in.
(ii) If possible, think of and add your own points to the list.
(iii) Try to write 3 or 4 sentences on each point.
(iv) Write a short paragraph incorporating suggestions for improvement This should ideally conclude your topic. Now write on the topic “The Sorry State of Indian Sports.”

Answer:
Indian sports is in an extremely sorry state today. It is plagued by manifold problems to which there seems no end in sight. Officialdom and corruption have tarnished our sports bodies so much so that, every achievement is stalled. Moreover, while officials grab the limelight and the financial benefits accruing from an event, sportspersons who made it all possible, are handed over the crumbs. With such a state of affairs presiding, our sportsmen do not have any motivation to shine.

Leave alone prize money, they are often not even paid their due. And so, when they get a good job, they bid goodbye to the sports that they so much loved. After all, they also have to earn their livelihood to feed their families. Budding talents too are not spared. Companies would rather have an established player endorse their products than choose a greenhorn. As a result, young sportspersons take the help of their parents, friends, and relatives to hone their skills at meets both at home and abroad.

But when the money they had diminished to a trickle, they turn their back on sports and look for other options. Besides, the media is at fault too. Come cricket or tennis and they run to cover it. What about football, hockey, polo, kabaddi, handball, basketball, Choko, badminton, table tennis, chess, etc? Are they receiving equal coverage? This is a question that is better not asked by the media. They would shrink and then vanish. Then there’s the ubiquitous red-tapism of the bureaucracy and the official bigwigs.

Their plans for the development of sports in the country sound grand, but they are seldom implemented. They go “bang”, and “bang” in speeches but their implementation always ends in a whimper. However, all blame cannot be laid at the doors of others. Sportspersons too are responsible for this state of affairs. They lack commitment and professionalism. A foreign trip is coveted more for the glamour and the sightseeing than as an opportunity to bring home medals.

Most often, groups lack team spirit and this is very obvious in their game. How can these problems be solved? It is easier said than done. Solutions may be suggested but who will implement them? First, perhaps there should be an attitudinal change among the people who run the sports in this country. They should take it seriously as something concurring with national honor and national pride. Secondly, eminent sportspersons should run sports bodies.

Third, sportspersons must be encouraged by monetary rewards, and their achievements recorded and honored by sports bodies as well as the government. Fourth, the government must ensure the sponsorship of budding talents for national and international meets. Fifth, media coverage should be given equally to all sports and finally, sportspersons must be inspired to total commitment and professionalism. If and only when these changes are implemented in India, will the scene of Indian sports change for the better?

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 11 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Ex 14(d) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Solutions Chapter 14 Limit and Differentiation Exercise 14(d)

Question 1.

Find the derivative of the following functions ‘an initio’, that is, using the definition.
(i) 2x³
Solution:

(ii) x⁴
Solution:

(iii) x² + 1
Solution:

(iv) \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Solution:

(v) \(\frac{1}{3 x+2}\)
Solution:

(vi) \(\frac{1}{x^2}\)
Solution:

(vii) \(\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Solution:

(viii) t(t – 1)
Solution:

(ix) s² – bs + 5
Solution:

(x) √x
Solution:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}}=\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{z}}\)

(xi) tan θ
Solution:

(xii) cos 2θ
Solution:

(xiii) x sin x
Solution:

Question 2.
Find the derivative of the following function from the definition at the indicated points. Test whether the following functions are differentiable at the indicated points. If so find the derivative.
(i) x⁴ at x = 2
Solution:

(ii) 2x² + x + 1 at x = 1
Solution:

(iii) x³ + 2x² – 1 at x = 0
Solution:
Let x³ + 2x² – 1
Then \(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{x=0}\) = \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}\left[\frac{\left(h^3+2 h^2-1\right)-(-1)}{h}\right]\)
= \(\lim _{h \rightarrow 0}\) (h² + 2h) = 0

(iv) tan x at x = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)
Solution:

(v) \(\sqrt{3 x+2}\) at x = 0
Solution:

(vi) In x at x = 2
Solution:

(vii) \(e^x\) at x = 1
Solution:

(viii) sin² θ at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
Solution:

Question 3.
\(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\) at x = -1
Solution:
We know that a function f(x) is differentiable at a point
x = c if (i) L.H.D. exists
(ii) R.H.D. exists
(iii) L.H.D. = R.H.D
Let f(x) = \(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\)

Thus L.H.D. and R.H.D. both exist and L.H.D. = R.H.D.
Hence f(x) is differentiable at x = -1 and the derivative is –\(\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 4.
√x at x = 0
Solution:
Let f(x) = √x
Then f(0) = 0

Question 5.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
1-x, x \leq \frac{1}{2} \\
x, x>\frac{1}{2}
\end{array} \text { at } x=\frac{1}{2}\right.\)
Solution:

Question 6.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
\sin \frac{1}{x}, x \neq 0 \\
0, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:
f(0) = 0

Question 7.
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{r}
x^2 \sin \frac{1}{x^{\prime}}, x \neq 0 \\
0, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) at x = 0
Solution:
f(0) = 0

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Telegram, E-mail Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Telegram, E-mail Writing

Telegram

An ordinary letter may take two or three days to reach the addressee; if the message is urgent we send a telegram. Telegrams are the most common means of sending urgent messages if has an advantage over the telephone in that a written communication will be available for future reference. When you write a telegram, you have to limit your meaning to, the fewest possible words, since the amount you have to pay depends on the number of words you use in your telegram. In reducing the length of a message, you should not make it vague.

Remember the following points :
1. You can leave out articles, prepositions, and similar words that do not carry meaning in themselves but help to construct grammatical sentences.
2. Time or quantity or number could be clearly specified.
3. The address must be complete.
4. When in doubt, add a word rather than omit it.
5. Use capital letters.

Activity 1

Here are some messages which need to be sent as telegrams. Go through them carefully, strike off the words you think unnecessary and rewrite each one in the form of a telegram.
The first one has been done for you.
1. (My) bag (has) (been) stolen. (I) (have) no money send Rs. 1000 immediately (in) (the) care (of) ELTI Hostel.

Hence, the telegram is to be written in the following manner:

Now convert the following messages into telegrams :
2. Money has been sent. You should contact the Warden on Wednesday. Write back. Father.
3. I am unable to arrive on Tuesday. There is a meeting on Wednesday. You may postpone it to Friday.
4. I am reaching you with my family on 20th February by the Konark Express.

Answer:
(2) MONEY SENT (.) CONTACT WARDEN WEDNESDAY (.) WRITE BACK. FATHER
(3) NOT ARRIVING TUESDAY (.) MEETING WEDNESDAY (.) POSTPONE TO FRIDAY
(4) REACHING WITH FAMILY TWENTIETH FEBRUARY KONARK

Activity 2

Here are some letters which you have to convert into telegrams. Go through them carefully and identify the main ideas, which the telegrams should contain. The main ideas of the first letter have been identified and underlined.

1. “We haven’t heard from you for more than two months. We have written a number of letters to you. but you haven’t written us back. We are extremely worried. We hope and pray you are not ill. Please send a wire immediately about your welfare. If we do not hear from you this week, we will come to
Rourkela.”
2. “There is nothing to worry. I’m perfectly well. I couldn’t write because I had gone to IIT, Kharagpur on a study tour. Then I visited a friend in Calcutta for a few days. I am sorry for not writing.”
3. “Last evening Grandmother complained of severe pain in the stomach. We sent for a doctor. He gave her an injection and asked us to move her to hospital. He said her appendix had to be removed. The operation is on 10th. Mother wants you to come.”
4. “Our college is organising an educational tour to South India for 15 days. The tour will be very useful. We will be visiting many temples, museums and art galleries. All my friends are going. Please send Rs. 3,000 immediately. On my return I’ll write about the places we have visited.”

Answer:
(1) NOT HEARD FROM YOU EXTREMELY WORRIED SEND WIRE IMMEDIATELY ABOUT YOUR WELFARE
(2) DON’T WORRY PERFECTLY WELL HAD GONE STUDY TOUR AND COULD NOT WRITE SORRY
(3) GRANDMOTHER HOSPITALISED APPENDIX OPERATION TENTH COME
(4) COLLEGE ORGANISING SOUTH INDIA EDUCATIONAL TOUR ALL FRIENDS GOING SEND THREE THOUSAND IMMEDIATELY

Activity 3

A number of situations have been described below. You are required to draft a telegram to suit each situation. A part of each telegram is given. Can you complete the telegram?
1. Three months ago, that is, on 15 October, you ordered a dictionary from the Modem Book Depot, Station Square, Bhubaneswar. You have not received the book. You want the shop to send the book without further delay.
2. You are appearing for the +2 Examination. Unfortunately, you have not received your Admit Card. You want the council authorities to allow you to take the examination pending receipt of the Admit Card.
3. You are returning home (from Bangalore) for the holidays. You had written to your father that you would arrive on Sunday morning, but as berths are not available, you have to change your travel plans. You will now arrive two days later, by a different train. Draft a telegram informing your father of the change.
4. Prof. Mishra is in Delhi on tour. He was supposed to return to Bhubaneswar for an important meeting but has been held up in Delhi because of bad weather. He wants to inform his office of what happened and to apologize for not attending the meeting. Draft a telegram for him.

Answer:
(1) DICTIONARY ORDERED FIFTEEN OCTOBER NOT RECEIVED SENT IMMEDIATELY
(2) PLUS TWO ARTS ADMIT CARDS NOT RECEIVED PERMIT APPEARING EXAMINATION PENDING RECEIPT
(3) BERTHS NOT AVAILABLE CHANGED PLANS ARRIVING TUESDAY HOWRAH MAIL
(4) STRANDED DUE TO BAD WEATHER AND UNABLE TO ATTEND MEETING APOLOGIES

Activity 4

Read the following situations and draft suitable telegrams for each.

1. Your brother has booked tickets by the Howrah Mail and will arrive from Madras on Saturday morning. On Thursday, there is an announcement on TV that a cyclone is likely to hit coastal Orissa in the next 48 hours. Draft a telegram to be sent to your brother asking him to cancel the journey.
2. You have received a 13-volume set of Brilliant Tutorials Elite 2009. But when you unpack the parcel you find that volume 10 is missing. Draft a telegram to the bookseller.

Answer:
(1) POSTPONE JOURNEY CANCEL TICKETS DANGEROUS CYCLONE HITTING ORISSA COAST SATURDAY
(2) RECEIVED BRILLIANT ELITE SET. VOLUME TEN IS MISSING SEND IT IMMEDIATELY

E-MAIL

E-mail is a medium that has revolutionized the way in which we communicate with each other. It is relatively now very popular E-mail makes it possible to communicate cheaply and almost instantly with people anywhere in the world – provided they have access to a computer. You can send any type of message, from a single word to a book-length document complete with pictures and sound files. The recipient can respond at once or think carefully before replying. You can communicate just with one person or with a large group, every member of which can participate as much or as little as they wish. E-mails inhabit a shape somewhere between personal meetings, telephones, and letters. Like telephones, they are quick and inexpensive. They are a fairly new technology. The format of e-mail is quite simple, just like the telegram form, but there is no room for capital letters in the former. Write e-mail IDs after TV: and from :

Now write e-mails for the 4 situations given in Activity 3.
Answer:
(1)
To: mbd@yahoomail.com
CC :
From: bckhuntia; g mail.com
Date: 20.11.2009
Re: Request for dictionary
Sir,
Despite my order to you in connection with a dictionary on 15 October, you haven’t sent it yet. I would request to despatch the same as soon as possible.
BC Khuntia

(2)
To : secretary council @ g mail.com
SC :
From : kunal patnaik@yahoo.mail
Date: 14.2.20
Re: Request for Admit card
Sir,
Since I have not received my admit card for the +2 Final Examination, I would request you to allow me to take the examination pending the receipt of Admit Card.
Kunal Patnaik

(3)
To : sckhuntia®yahoo mail.com
From : vedadya khuntia@g mail.com
Date : 11.9.20
Papa,
Since berths are not available, I cannot reach home on Sunday morning. I will arrive two days later, by a different train.
Ved

(4)
To: vice-chancellor, Ravenshaw college@yahoo mail.com
CC :
From: pmishra@g mail.com
Date: 4.11.20_
Re: Apology for not attending the meeting
Sir,
Since I have been stranded in Delhi, due to bad weather, I am unable to attend the meeting and beg apology for the same.
P Mishra

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 The One and only Houdini Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 The One and only Houdini

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The One and only Houdini Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist :
The writer takes us back to the swimming pool at New York’s Shelton Hotel. In response to Houdini’s declaration, a box is ready. After he enters inside, it will be tightly closed. The pool now becomes the scene of an incredible performance. Driven by curiosity, people are gathering here. The reporter finds a telephone and an alarm bell with batteries inside the box for eventualities. According to Collins, he is going without air for even an hour. Houdini is as good as words. In the mean time, Dr. MacConnell emerges on the scene. He has already checked Houdini’s blood pressure and pulse. Everything is fine. The reporter is interested to know how long he can live without air. To the doctor, it is a difficult question.

He comes to know of Houdini’s knowledge of breathing easily and saving the oxygen. His condition is stable, yet he is fifty-two. The doctor is sure of Houdini’s ability to cope with danger. Now Houdini clad in a black swimming suit appears, smiling and determined. He expresses his thanks to the ladies and gentlemen for coming to see his performance. He is going to explode the myth that a man can live only three minutes without air. Now we find Houdini in the box. Several men are engaged in sealing it tightly. Then the box was submerged in the swimming pool of Hotel Shelton. Joseph Rinn, the official time keeper is in charge of counting every minute of Houdini’s stay in the box. The reporter is optimistic.

Glossary :
edge : the sharp side of something (କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷର ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ)
sealed: closed tightly (ଜୋରରେ ବନ୍ଦ)
soldered: firmly fixed with solder (solder is easily melted metal) (ସୋଲ୍ଡର ସହିତ ଦୃଢ଼ ଭାବରେ ସ୍ଥିର କରାୟାଇଛି)
trick : cheating, a fraud (ଠକେଇ, ଜାଲିଆତି)
emergencies : sudden happenings which make it necessary to act without delay (ଜରୁରୀକାଳୀନ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି)
And days : Houdini is as good as his words (ଏବଂ ଦିନଗୁଡିକ)
Concerned : anxious (t) (ଚିନ୍ତିତ)
signal (v): to give a sign (ଏକ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେବାକୁ)
build (n): general shape or size of a person’s body (ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଶରୀରର ସାଧାରଣ ଆକାର ବା ଆକାର)
He himself: Housini is firm in his determination (ସେ ନିଜେ)
motioning: making a sign (ଏକ ଚିହ୍ନ ତିଆରି କରିବା)
will : desire (ଇଚ୍ଛା)
rocked: moved backwards and forwards (ପଛକୁ ଏବଂ ଆଗକୁ ଗତି କଲା)
admire : praise (ପ୍ରଶଂସା)

Unit – II

Gist:
Five minutes have passed ever since he was in a sealed casket submerged in the swimming pool. In the meantime, the reporter probes his past. His real name is Ehrich Weiss. His native place is Appleton, Wisconsin. He was born in 1874. His father was a Jewish priest. Houdini, renowned for his remarkable magic tricks, has an astonishing control over his body. He excels in the art of putting his shoulders out of position. When he was working for a locksmith, Ehrich knew technique of opening handcuffs with small, sharp pointed instruments. He also took interest in reading about Robert Houdini, the renowned French magician. At last he relinquished his job and became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini.

The reporter gives a picture of Houdini’s married life. Bessie is his wife. She was a magician too. Houdini is known for his sensational escape acts. Bessie has stood by her husband through thick and thin. Rinn informs that twenty minutes have passed. Tension mounts. Houdini has a tension-ridden career. His underwater box escape is a case in point. Handcuffed and chained, Harry Houdini is placed in a wooden box which firmly shut with nails. The box is then left underwater. Houdini accepts the challenge in his characteristic tricky manner. He swims to the surface safe and sound in a few minutes. This also demonstrates his skill in using tricks. Rinn, the official time-keeper keeps on counting time. Twenty five minutes have gone. In Houdini, the reporter finds an unusual person. He admires Houdini’s incredible control of chest muscles. He excels others in the act of moving around inside the jacket at the time of relaxation. The reporter is lavish in his praise, ‘There’s only one Houdini.’

Thirty minutes have trickled by. The reporter sees one of the swimmers standing on the box lose his balance. Other swimmers are no better. The box has moved up quickly above the water level. The reporter is worried. He enquires of Mr. Collins, about his condition. Collins talks to Houdini and says that he is fine. Rinn announces that thirty minutes have passed since Houdini’s adventure. The reporter brims with confidence. Houdini’s rigorous training for three weeks seems to be rewarded. The reporter thinks of Houdini’s march to a spectacular success. Forty minutes have elapsed. Meanwhile, the reporter refers eloquently to Houdini’s wonderful stomach muscles, that have resisted the fists of big, strong men. Forty-five minutes have already gone.

Glossary:
amazing : astonishing ବିସ୍ମୟକର)
dislocate : put out of position (ପଦରୁ ବାହାର)
straitjacket(ଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଟ୍ ଜାକେଟ୍) : kind of garment once used to prevent madman from struggling
rabbi: Jewish priest (ଇହୁଦୀ ପୁରୋହିତ)
locksmith: one who makes locks (ଯିଏ ତାଲା ତିଆରି କରେ)
a bit picks : a little small, sharp-pointed instruments (ଟିକିଏ ବାଛି ନେଲେ)
quit: give up (ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା)
idol : somebody greatly admired or loved (ଆଦର୍ଶ)
catch sight of: see (ଦେଖିବା)
career : way of making a living; profession (ବୃଭି)
bobbed up : moved up quickly (ଦ୍ରୁତ ଗତିରେ ଉପରକୁ ଉଠିଲା)
paying off : rewarding (ପୁରସ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦାନକାରୀ)
sources : places from which information comes or is got (ସୂତ୍ର)
claims : says, declares (କହୁଛି, ଘୋଷଣା କରୁଛି)
punch (v) : strike hard with the fist (ମୁଠା ସାହାୟ୍ୟରେ ଜୋରରେ ପ୍ରହାର କରନ୍ତୁ)
tensed : stiffened or hardened (ଦୃଢ଼ୀଭୂତ)
withstand : resist (ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିବା)

Unit – III

Gist :
Houdini’s well-being concern the people. Everybody seems to be nervous. The doctors seem especially panicky. The reporter enquires of Dr. MaConnell about Houdini’s present condition. The doctor is really not aware of anything about him. Fifty minutes have gone. Other reporters are furiously taking track of Houdini’s adventurous mission. Time does not wait for anybody. Rinn announces – “Fifty minutes !” A group of grim-looking doctors seem to arguing with James Collins, Houdini’s assistant. Collins pleads his helplessness. The doctor advises him to be sensible and pull Houdini out of the box when an hour is up. Collins is adamant. The doctor insists him on responding to his advise. Collins contacts Houdini and apprising him of the doctors’ pressure on him to bring him out of the casket and an hour has passed. He gives them good news. Houdini is doing well. But the reporter’s anxiety continues.

Now one hour and thirteen minutes are up. Collins learns that the box has developed a leak and only a little trickle of water is entering. Houdini tells him that he faces no danger. The reporter promptly responds: “Houdini has nerves of steel.’’ This section comes to a terrific end. In spite of spending one hour and thirty-one minutes, underwater without air, Houdini emerges victorious. His secret lies in making very few body movements while in the box and taking short breaths. Houdini knows no panic. He has trained to reconcile himself to any situation. We see him in the reporter’s eyes: ‘You ’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini!’

Glossary:
on edge : nervous (ସ୍ନାୟବିକ)
exhaustion : tiredness (ଅବସାଦ)
superstitious: full of superstition (ଅନ୍ଧବିଶ୍ୱାସରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
grim : (here) anxious (ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠିତ)
sensible : intelligent (ବିଚକ୍ଷଣ)
urging : persuading (ପ୍ରରୋଚନା)
sprung a leak : appeared to have a leak (ଲିକ୍ ହୋଇଥିବା ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥିଲା)
trickle : thin flow (ପତଳା ପ୍ରବାହ)
dizzy : feeling as if everything is whirling (ସବୁ ଘୂରିବା ଭଳି)
panic (v) : a sudden fright (ହଠାତ୍ ଭୟ)
calm : quiet (ଶାନ୍ତ)
fantastic : wonderful (ଅଦ୍ଭୁତ)

Think it out :

Question 1.
What was the feat that Houdini took up in Hotel Shelton?
Answer:
The feat that Houdini took up in Hotel Shelton was to remain in a sealed casket or coffin submerged in a swimming pool. He was to stay inside the tightly closed box for an hour and that too without air. According to Mr. Collins, his assistant, Houdini was serious about being buried alive.

Question 2.
What were Houdini’s purposes behind doing this miraculous act?
Answer:
Houdini’s purposes behind doing this miraculous act were to disprove science and thereby, to show that determination can shake mountains. It is well-known that man can only live only three minutes without air, but he is going to stay without air for over an hour. Houdini is committed and according to Collins: ‘Houdini does what he says.’

Question 3.
Discuss how he prepared to do the act.
Answer:
Houdini undertook a rigorous training for three weeks at a stretch. He practised the habit of holding his breath in the course of his underwater escapes. He trained long and hard with great patience before doing the act. He developed a mastery over his body control. Determination, hard work and calm acceptance of any challenge were his forte.

Question 4.
Focus on the role of the reporter during Houdini’s performance.
Answer:
From beginning to the end, the reporter had a keen watch on Houdini’s, spectacular performance in New York’s Hotel Shelton. He is the first to communicate Houdini’s ordeal in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton to the public. He always keeps on touch with Dr. McConnell, Collins, Houdini’s assistant and Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper. He probes Houdini’s past. As minutes trickle by, the reporter’s reaction fluctuates from anxiety to confidence. Houdini’s incredible feat of remaining in a sealed box, submerged in the swimming pool of the Hotel Shelton, overwhelms him. His admiration of Houdini’s knows no bound.

Question 5.
Describe some of Houdini’s previous achievements.
Answer:
Houdini was an Austrian-Hungarian born. American stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts from handcuffs and jails in the length and breadth of the country and Europe. Once he was handcuffed to the bars in a jail cell. While kissing him for good luck, his wife Bessie passed a small lock tool from her mouth to his. Several minutes later Houdini took his jailers by surprise. His handcuff was no more. He walked freely into their office. His underwater escape is another achievement. Besides, Houdini became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini.

Question 6.
Why does the reporter say to Houdini, You’re a fantastic man?
Answer:
The reporter here is a keen observer of Houdini’s miraculous act of remaining in a tightly-closed box, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and thirty minutes. Houdini comes out with flying colours, putting an end to everyone’s fear, tension and anxiety. That he is able to survive so long in such a situation bears the stamp of his determination. Houdini states that he had trained himself to remain calm in the face of any situation. These facts make the reporter say to Houdini, ‘You’re a fantastic man.’

Question 7.
Bring out the important aspects of Houdini’s character.
Answer:
Harry Houdini is a many-faceted character. He is a magician. He is also known for his sensational escape acts. He is an incredible stuntman. His act of remaining in a sealed box, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and a half is indeed unprecedented. He is the epitome of commitment. He does not understand the language of fear. To maintain calmness in any situation is his forte. We see him through the doctor’s eyes: ‘Houdini’s an amazing man!’ The reporter aptly remarks, ‘You’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini.’ Houdini’s life shows that an ordinary human being can achieve anything through determination and hard work.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The One and only Houdini Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Reporter Thanks, Mr. Collins. It’s hard to believe that a man can live without air for over an hour. Oh, here come the doctors. Dr. McConnell, have you seen Houdini?
Dr. MaConnell: Yes, I just checked his blood pressure and pulse rate. They’re both normal.
Reporter: How last without long do you think Houdini will air?
Dr. MaConnell: That’s a difficult question. When they seal the box, there will be enough oxygen inside for the average man to take fifty breaths. Houdini says he knows how to breathe easily and save the oxygen. He is in good condition, but still he’s fifty two years old. I’d guess he might be able to get by without air for fifteen minutes.
Reporter: And after that?
Dr. MaConnell: After that Houdini had better telephone for help or ring his alarm bell – if he still has the strength.
Reporter: Are you doctors worried?
Dr. MaConnell: Well, we’re concerned. Houdini’s no fool. He isn’t trying to kill himself. But there’s always the danger that he’ll pass out before he can signal for help.
Reporter: There’s Houdini now! He’s wearing a black swimming suit. For a man his age, his build is great. He’s smiling. He seems sure of himself. Now he’s motioning for silence!
Houdini: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming. As you know, it has often been written that a man can live only three minutes without air. I’m going to prove that that is wrong. If I die, it will be by the will of God and my own foolishness.
Reporter: Houdini’s in the box now. Several men are putting the iron cover in place. This is it! A man is soldering the cover. The box will be lowered into the shallow end of this pool. Then a team of swimmers will stand on the box to keep it level beneath the surface of the water. So far, the only person I’ve seen who doesn’t look nervous is Houdini. Well, they’re lowering the box. It’s under! Joseph Rinn, the official
timekeeper, has started the clock. Mr. Rinn, what are your plans?

Questions :
(i) Throw light on the conversation between the reporter and Dr. McConnell. What does it reveal?
(ii) What does the reporter tell us about Houdini’s imperial ordeal?

Answers :
(i) The reporter asks Dr. McConnell if he has checked Houdini. The doctor replies that his blood pressure and pulse rate are Both normal. The reporter asks the doctor how long he thinks Houdini will breathe. McConnell in his reply, states that the average man breaths fifty times in a sealed box, but Houdini is an exception. He knows the technique of breathing easily, but the doctor guessing he could remain without air for fifteen minutes. After that Houdini would be advised to seek help. The conversation between the two reveals their concern for Houdini.
(ii) The reporter apprises all of Houdini’s presence inside the box. After sealing it firmly, several men will put the box into the shallow end of the swimming pool. After that a team of swimmers will stand on it to maintain it level below the surface of the water. The reporter says that he has never seen such a person as Houdini, for he never looks nervous, despite this great ordeal. We also learn that Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper has a look at the watch.

Question 2.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Reporter: Well, Houdini is going past the limit suggested by Dr. Mc Connell! I wonder how his wife Bessie, is taking this. I haven’t been able to catch sight of her. She’s also a magician. After she married Houdini, they both had an act that played in many theatres. She dropped out after Houdini became famous for his escapes from handcuffs and jails throughout the country and in Europe. She still helped him, though. Once, after Houdini had been searched and handcuffed to the bars in a jail cell, she kissed him for good luck. It was more than good luck she offered. She also passed a lock pick from her mouth to his. Several minutes later, Houdini surprised his jailers by walking into their office.
Rinn: Twenty minutes!
Reporter: The tension here is growing. But tension has followed Houdini through most of his career. Take his underwater box escape, for example. He is handcuffed and chained. Then he’s put in a wooden box and it’s nailed shut. After that the box is dropped underwater. Minutes later Houdini swims to the surface. In that act, though, he uses tricks. He has lock picks and other special tools hidden on him or in the box. But there’s always the risk that the picks or tools will fail. Most people wouldn’t try Houdini’s escape tricks even if they knew how to do them.

Questions :
(i) Describe the part played by Bessie in Houdini’s life.
(ii) Describe of Houdini’s feat of underwater escape.

Answers :
(i) Houdini is widely known for his sensational escapes. Bessie, a magician, plays an important part in her husband’s life. Both had showed magic in many theatres. Houdini’s life is a saga of escape from handcuffs and jails in the length and breadth of the country and in Europe. Bessie stood by him through thick and thin. Once she kissed her husband for good luck. He was in a prison cell. In the course of offering her good luck, Bessie passed a small lock tool from her mouth to his. Several minutes later, the jailers, to their astonishment, saw Houdini walk into their office.
(ii) Houdini, handcuffed and chained, was put in a wooden box which was tightly sealed with nails. Then it was dropped underwater. After some minutes, Houdini swims to the surface safe and sound by using tricks, though he possesses lock picks and other special instruments not visible to others. This underwater box escape is one of Houdini’s wonderful feats.

Question 3.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Reporter: Well, one can only wonder how he’s doing in the box. He still has a long time to go. Of course, he is unusual. Did you know that he can tie and untie rope with either foot? That won’t help him now, but it’s another example of his body control. He also has great control of his chest muscles. Before he’s bound into a straitjacket, he fills his chest with air. Later, when he relaxes, he can move around inside the jacket. Perhaps it sounds easy. But others have tried the same trick and failed. There’s only one Houdini!
Rinn: Thirty minutes!
Reporter: Oh – oh! There’s trouble! One of the swimmers standing on the box has lost his balance. He’s failing into the water! Now the other swimmers are falling, too. The box has bobbed up above the water level. I wonder if Houdini caused the box to move. Mr. Collins, is Houdini all right?
Collins: Quiet, sir, I’m calling Houdini. Harry, can you hear me?
Houdini: Yes.
Collins: The swimmers fell off the box. They’re getting back on now. That’s what caused the movement of the box. Are you all right?
Houdini: Fine.
Reporter: Mr. Collins, Houdini’s voice sounded faint. Is he well?
Collins: That’s what he said. I believe him.
Rinn: Thirty-five minutes!
Reporter: Houdini’s training seems to be paying off. According to sources around here, he has been training for three weeks. Also, he probably learned a lot about holding his breath while doing his underwater escapes. Anyway, it’s no secret that Houdini always trains long and hard before he does anything for the public. He wants to be sure that he can do anything he claims he will do. And right now he seems on his way to an amazing success.
Rinn: Forty minutes!
Reporter: When I was talking before about Houdini’s chest muscles, I failed to mention his stomach. Quite often, he lets local strongmen punch him in the stomach as hard as they can. Of course, his stomach muscles are tensed, but they have to be almost as hard as steel to withstand the fists of big, strong men.

Questions :
(i) Give an account of Houdini’s chest muscles and stomach muscles.
(ii) What picture of Houdini do you get in the extract?

Answers :
(i) The reporter presents a very clear picture of Houdini’s chest and stomach muscles. He eloquently refers to Houdini’s great control of his chest muscles. Before being bound into a straitjacket, he fill his chest with air. But, in times of relaxation, he has the ability to move around inside the jacket. The reporter then throws light on Houdini’s stomach muscles. Very often, he allows local strong men punch his Stomach in the hardest possible manner. His stomach muscles tensed, but they have to be as hard as steel to resist the fists of big, strong men.
(ii) We see Houdini through the reporter’s eyes, “Of course, he is unusual.” He has the ability to tie and untie rope with either foot. He is remarkable for his great control over his chest muscles. Before being bound into a straightjacket, he pumps air into his chest. In his moments of relaxation, he is capable of moving around inside the jacket. But others have tried the same trick but in vain. The reporter aptly remarks, ‘There ‘s only one Houdini.’ Houdini resorts to rigorous training before he does anything for the public.

Question 4.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Collins: All right. Houdini, can you hear me? You have just passed an hour. The doctors are urging me to pull you out. What do you say?
Houdini I’ll let you know when I’m ready.
Rinn: One hour and one minute!
Collins: Well, you heard him, gentlemen. He seems to be doing well.
Reporter: Rinn’s going to be calling out each minute from here on. I’ll get back to him. Meanwhile, I’d like to hear from one of the doctors. Is this a world’s record, Doctor?
Doctor: As far as I know, it is. If I weren’t here, I don’t think I would believe it. Houdini’s an amazing man!
Reporter: He certainly is, Doctor, and thank you. Well, people are whispering to one another around the pool. When Houdini passed the hour mark, some of the crowd seemed to relax somewhat. Still Houdini is far from safe. I’m going to try to pick up the time.
Rinn: One hour and thirteen minutes!
Reporter: Did you hear that? What a man. Wait! Collins has a call from Houdini.
Collins: Had enough, sir?
Houdini: No. The box has sprung a leak. But there’s no danger. Only a slight trickle of water is coming in.
Collins: Are you sure?
Houdini: Yes.
Reporter: Houdini has nerves of steel. He’s under there with no air, and the water is leaking in on him. Yet he’s going to stay.
Rinn: One hour and twenty-five minutes.
Reporter: I must say, I wish he would come up. I’m probably more nervous than he is. Even Collins seems to be showing some concern.
Rinn: One hour and thirty minutes.
Reporter: This may be it! Collins has a call.
Houdini: Jim, get me up.
Reporter: They’re raising the box. Now they’re opening it. I wish they’d hurry.
Rinn: One hour and thirty-one minutes.
Reporter: Dr. McConnell has Houdini’s arms. He’s checking the magician’s pulse and blood pressure. How is he, Doctor?
Dr. McConnell: His pulse and blood pressure are very low. The man’s suffering from exhaustion.
Houdini: Nonsense! I feel a little dizzy, that’s all! If I do an hour or so of exercise. I’ll feel fine.
Reporter: Mr. Houdini, congratulations! How did you do it? Was it a trick?
Houdini: It was no trick. I took a series of deep breaths before the cover was soldered on. I made very few body movements while in the box and took short breaths. That’s all. I certainly hope that trapped coal miners and deep-sea divers take a lesson from this.
Reporter: How can they take a lesson from your performance. Mr. Houdini? You’re in perfect physical condition.
Houdini: They must learn not to panic. If you panic, your body needs more air. I have trained myself to remain calm in all situations. Everyone should do the same.

Questions :
(i) Describe Collin’s contact with Houdini.
(ii) What happens after Houdini comes out of the box?

Answers :
(i) The doctor and the reporter are concerned about Houdini, because there has been no sign from the man in the box yet. They insist on Collins, Houdini’s assistant, to talk to him. Collins informs him of the passage of an hour and the doctors pressure on him to pull him (Houdini) out. Collins waits for his reply. He learns that he is doing well and shares this information with them. Collins gets a call from Houdini concerning the leak in the box and a slight trickle of water coming in.
(ii) After Houdini comes out of the iron box in a triumphant fashion, the reporter congratulated him on remaining for one hour and thirty-one minutes in a sealed box and that too submerged in a swimming pool. He asks Houdini if he had resorted to a trick for his success. Houdini says that there was no trick. He had taken a series of deep breaths before the cover of the box was firmly fixed with solder. During his stay inside the box, he made few body movements and took short breaths. Above all, he has trained himself to remain calm in the face of any situation. In the reporter’s view, Houdini is a fantastic man.

Introducing the Author :
Dr. Robert Lado is one of the founders of contrastive linguistics which as a sub-disciple of applied linguistics served the purpose of improving language teaching material. He is a prolific writer. His works include over 60 books and many articles that deal with various topics ranging from linguistics to language testing and cross-cultural understanding.

About the Story :
‘The One and Only Houdini’, as the title signifies, throws light on Houdini’s miraculous act. Houdini’s second variation on Buried Alive was an endurance test designed to expose mystical Egyptian performer Rahman Bey, who claimed to use supernatural powers to remain in a sealed casket for an hour. Houdini bettered Bey on August 5, 1926, by remaining in a sealed casket, or coffin, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and a half. Houdini claimed he did not use any trickery or supernatural powers to accomplish this feat, just controlled breathing.

Summary :
It was August 5, 1926. All eyes were set on the swimming pool at New York’s Hotel Shelton. James Collins, Houdini’s assistant, Dr. Mc Connell and Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper were present. People were gathering gradually at the pool. They were placing the iron box near the pool’s edge. It comprised a telephone and an alarm bell with batteries.

Harry Houdini clad in a black swimming suit appeared there. He was fifty-two, yet he was in good physical condition. Before getting inside the box, Houdini thanked everyone for coming to see his performance. He was going to disprove the theory that a man could live only three minutes without air. Houdini was inside the box now. Then it was tightly sealed. A team of swimmers would stand on the box before it was submerged in the swimming pool. The swimmers were instructed to keep the box level beneath the surface of the water as a result of which Houdini will not be moved backwards and forwards. The countdown started.

Houdini who was keen on going without air for an hour made him an object of attention. His success would come out in all newspapers all over the world. The reporter probed Houdini’s past. His real name was Ehrich Weiss, who was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. He was interested in magic. He became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini. He was married. Houdini was widely known for his sensational escape acts. Bessie had played a great role in her husband’s life. Minutes trickled by. Nobody knows what Houdini was doing inside the box. He had undertaken this ordeal after undergoing rigorous training for three weeks. Houdini possessed strong chest muscles. His tough stomach muscles resisted the fists of big, strong men.

With the passing of minutes, fear and anxiety gripped the people. There was no response from Houdini. The doctor in particular advised Collins to pull him out of the box when an hour was up. After interacting with Houdini, Collins declared that he seems to have smooth sailing. Doctor’s anxiety gave way to admiration. Houdini was an amazing man! Collins got a call from him. The box had developed a leak and only a slight trickle of water was entering. Everybody was understandably concerned. It was now one hour and thirty minutes. The box was opened. To everyone’s stunned disbelief, Houdini emerged out of it with flying colours. The reporter congratulated him. One key to his achievement lay in his ability to be calm in the face of any situation. The topic comes to close with the reporter’s fabulous remark, ‘You’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini!’

ସାରାଂଶ :

Harry Houdini ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଯାଦୁକର । ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ Bessie ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଯାଦୁକର ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଉଭୟ ଅନେକ ମ୍ୟାଜିକ୍ ସୋ ଦେଖାଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କର ସବୁଠୁ ଭଲ ସୋ ଥିଲା, Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଟକପ୍ ପକାଇଦେଲେ ସେ ଆପଣାଛାଏଁ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡକପ୍ ଖୋଲିଦେଇ ଚାଲିଆସୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ରଖୁଲେ ସେ ଆପେ ଆପେ କୂଳରେ ଲାଗିଯାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଯାଦୁଖେଳର ୟୁରୋପରେ ଖୁବ୍ ନାଁ ଥିଲା । ଦିନେ Houdini ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ ଯେ ସେ ଗୋଟେ ନିବୁଜ ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ରହିବେ ଓ ବାକ୍ସଟି ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଯିବ । ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍, କଲିଂବେଲ ରହିବ । କିଛି ଲୋକ ବାକ୍ସଟିକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ସ୍ଥିର ଭାବରେ ଧରି ରଖୁବେ । ବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହେ, ମଣିଷ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ମାତ୍ର ତିନିମିନିଟ୍ ରହିପାରିବ। ମାତ୍ର ସେ ପ୍ରମାଣ କରିଦେବେ ଯେ ସେ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟାକାଳ ରହିପାରିବେ ।

Houdini ଙ୍କ ଅଲୌକିକ ଘଟଣା ଦେଖିବାକୁ ସେଦିନ ପୋଖରୀ କୂଳରେ ହଜାର ହଜାର ଲୋକ ଭିଡ଼ ଜମାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀ Collins ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୁରୁଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ବୁଝାଉଥାଏ । Dr. Mcconnell ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଥାଆନ୍ତି, କାଳେ କିଛି ଅଘଟଣ ଘଟିବ । Rinn ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଥାଆନ୍ତି ସମୟ ଗଣିବେ । ପ୍ରତି ପାଞ୍ଚ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ଥରେ ଲେଖାଏଁ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବେ । ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ଡେଇଁଗଲାପରେ ଯଦି Houdini ନ ଆସନ୍ତି ଓ ଭଲ ଥାଆନ୍ତି, ତେବେ ସେ ତେଣିକି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଏକ ମିନିଟ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବେ । Houdini ଧୀର ଓ ହସହସ ମୁହଁରେ ଆସିଲେ । ସେ ସମବେତ ଜନତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିବାଦନ ଜଣାଇଲେ ଓ କହିଲେ, ମୁଁ ଆଜି ବିଜ୍ଞାନର ନିୟମକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି । ଯଦି ସଫଳ ହେଲି ଭଲକଥା । ଯଦି ମରିଗଲି, ତା ହେଲେ ଜାଣିବ, ଈଶ୍ବର ବୋଧହୁଏ ମୋର ମୁର୍ଖମିକୁ ସହିଲେ ନାହିଁ । Houdini ବାକ୍ସରେ ପଶିଲେ । ତା’ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ହୃତ୍‌ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ନାଡ଼ି ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରି ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ ଯେ ସେ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଅଛନ୍ତି । ଏଥର ବାକ୍ସକୁ ଭଲଭାବରେ ନିବୁଜ କରାଗଲା । ତାକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ରଖାଗଲା ଓ କିଛିଲୋକ ବାସଟିକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ସ୍ଥିରକରି ରଖୁଲେ । ଏଣେ Rinn ଗଣନା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ ।

ମିନିଟ୍ ପରେ ମିନିଟ୍ ଗଡ଼ିଚାଲିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକ ଜଣକ Collins ଓ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ Houdini ଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଖବର ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରୁଥାନ୍ତି । ସେ ଜଣେ ଦକ୍ଷ ଯାଦୁକର । ସେ ନିଜ ଦେହରୁ ହାତକାଢ଼ି ନେଉଥିଲେ । ସେ ୧୮୭୪ ମସିହାରେ Appleton ରେ ଜନ୍ମ ନେଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରକୃତ ନାଁ Enrich Weiss I ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାର ଖୁବ୍‌ ଗରିବ ଥିଲା । ଏଣୁ ସେ ପିଲାଟି ଦିନରୁ ପରିବାର ପୋଷିବାପାଇଁ କାମ କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡକପ୍ ଖୋଲିବାର କଳାକୌଶଳ ଶିଖୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବେଳେବେଳେ ଫରାସି ଯାଦୁକର Robert Houdini ଙ୍କ ରଚିତ କିଛି ବହି ପଢ଼ି ଖୁବ୍ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହେଲେ ଓ ନିଜ ନାଁ ବଦଳାଇ ନିଜକୁ Harry Houdini ନାମରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଇଲେ । ସମୟ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଥାଏ । Rinn ପାଞ୍ଚ, ଦଶ, ପନ୍ଦର, କୋଡ଼ିଏ ଏମିତି ଗଣିଚାଲିଥାଆନ୍ତି । ଯେଉଁ ଲୋକମାନେ ବାକ୍ସକୁ ଧରିଥିଲେ, ସେମାନେ ଖସି ପଡ଼ିଲେ । ଲୋକମାନେ ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ଭାବିଲେ, Houdini ବୋଧହୁଏ ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରୁଛନ୍ତି । Collins ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍ ଲଗାଇ ପଚାରିଲେ Houdini! | 66 ଅଛନ୍ତି ? ସେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ, ଭଲ ଅଛି’’ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ମତଦେଲେ, ବାକ୍ସଭିତରେ ଯେତିକି ବାୟୁ ଅଛି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ପଚାଶ ଥର ନିଃଶ୍ବାସ ନେଇପାରିବ । ତା’ପରେ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଅଶ୍ୱସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କରିବ । ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ବାକ୍ସ ଖୋଲିବାକୁ କହିବେ । Collins କହିଲେ – ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଯେତିକି ଜାଣିଛି, ସେ ସମୟ କେବେ ଆସିବ ନାହିଁ । କାରଣ Houdini କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ପାଞ୍ଚ ଦଶଥର ପରୀକ୍ଷା ନ କରି ଜଣଙ୍କ ଆଗରେ ପେଶ୍ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।

ବେଳକୁ ବେଳ ସାମ୍ବାଦିକଙ୍କ ଭିଡ଼ ଜମିଲା । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ସେମାନେ କହିଲେ – ଏହା ଏକ ଆତ୍ମଘାତୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ । Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ଏଥୁରୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରାଯାଉ । ଏହା ଭିତରେ ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ବି ହୋଇଗଲା । ଲୋକମାନେ କିଛି ସମୟପାଇଁ ଖୁସି ଦେଖାଗଲେ । ଭାବିଲେ, ଏଥର Houdini ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ କହିବେ । ମାତ୍ର ସେମିତି କିଛି ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିବାରୁ Collins ପୁଣିଥରେ ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍ ଲଗାଇ ପଚାରିଲେ – Houdini ! ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ବାଧ୍ୟକରୁଛନ୍ତି ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାପାଇଁ । Houdini ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ – ମୁଁ କହିଲେ ମତେ ଉପରକୁ ନେବ । ଏଥର ଲୋକମାନେ କୁହାକୁହି ହେଲେ – Houdini ନିଃଶ୍ଵାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ଵାସ ରୋଧ କରିବା ତାଲିମ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ରହିବାର କୌଶଳ ଶିଖ୍ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଭିତରେ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟା ତିରିଶ ମିନିଟ୍ ହେଲା । ଏଥର Houdini ଙ୍କ ଠାରୁ ସଂକେତ ଆସିଲା ତାଙ୍କ ବାହାରକୁ ଆଣିବାପାଇଁ । ଲୋକମାନେ ଏକଘଣ୍ଟା ଏକତିରିଶ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ବାକ୍ସ ଖୋଲିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ Houdiniଙ୍କ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କଲେ । କିଛି ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ ହୋଇନଥିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ Houdiniଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ ଜଣାଇଲେ ।

ଏଥର ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ ଏହା କେମିତି ସଂଭବ ହେଲା ? Houdini କହିଲେ ଏଥ‌ିରେ ଯାଦୁବିଦ୍ୟା ନାହିଁ । ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧନା ମାତ୍ର । ମୁଁ ନିଃଶ୍ଵାସ ରୋଧ କରିବା ଶିଖୁ ଯାଇଛି । ଏହା ମତେ ଏତେ ସମୟ ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ବଞ୍ଚାଇ ରଖୁ । ଶ୍ଵାସକ୍ରିୟା ଖୁବ୍ ମନ୍ଥର ଥିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ ପଚାରିଲେ – ଆପଣ ଯୁବଗୋଷ୍ଠୀଙ୍କୁ କି ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦେବେ ? Houdini କହିଲେ – ସେମାନେ ଭୟ କରିବା ଛାଡ଼ି ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ସେମାନେ ଯେ କୌଣସି ପରିସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ସହଜ, ସରଳ ଓ ଶାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସାମ୍ନା କରିବାକୁ ଶିଖନ୍ତୁ । ସମସ୍ତେ Houdini ଙ୍କର ଜୟଗାନ କଲେ ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Business Letter Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Business Letter Writing

Business Letters

A business letter is written for a particular purpose. Its aim is to transact some particular business. For example The letter you write to a sports-goods firm asking for information about their products and the reply they send you are business letter.
A business letter normally has seven parts some of which are not found in personal letters.
1. Sender’s address at the top right-hand comer.

2. The Date:
As in the personal letter, the date is written or typed on the right below the sender’s address.

3. The Inside Address:
The address is placed on the left, two or three lines below the line of the date (which is on the right). Each line of the address begins on the left margin. Here are some examples :
Shenai and Shenai
Auditors
Court Chambers
Chennai – 400020
The Divisional Superintendent
Central Railway
Vijayawada – 520001

4. The Salutation:
Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, and Madam – are the most common forms.

5. The body of the letter:
This part contains the actual message to be conveyed – make your letter brief, clear and courteous. The letter need not be stiff or cold. Avoid the old formulas which were fashionable. Here are some old phrases that are no longer used : Yours of ever date to hand at your earliest convenience.

6. The subscription of the complimentary close:
The most common forms in business letters are ‘Yours truly’, and ‘Yours faithfully’. In very formal letters such as letters to high dignitaries, you will find ‘Yours respectfully’, ‘Yours obediently’ or ‘Your obedient servant’. If you have used a personal name in the salutation, the subcription should be ‘Yours sincerely’.

7. The Signature:
The formal letter requires your full signature. Characteristics of a good business letter
1. A business letter must be courteous and considerable
2. It should be precise and clear.
3. It must be complete.
4. A business letter must be brief.

Activity 9

Here is a letter about the introduction of a new mosquito-repellant. Read it carefully, paying attention to the various points.

Quality Marketing Agency
27 Janpath, Bhubaneswar

4 March, 20

To
Mr. M.K. Pradhan
Managing Director
Home Products India Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Mancheswar, Bhubaneswar.
Dear Mr. Pradhan,
As requested by you, vide your letter No. MD/NS/2233 dated 2.2.20 we have carried out a market survey to check the public’s acceptance of the new mosquito repellant which your company plans to manufacture. We conducted an opinion poll covering 1000 families in the coastal districts of Orissa. Forty percent of these families use mosquito repellants, but most of them are unhappy with the existing products in the market. They find the electronic repellants too expensive while the coil-based ones emit too much smoke.

The preference is for an expensive product, preferably one that produces no smoke. Our study suggests there may be a good market for a new repellant, provided these requirements are kept in mind. We recommend that your company should concentrate on manufacturing an improved kind of smoke-free mosquito coil, preferably one that produces a pleasant fragrance.
Yours sincerely,
S.K. Patnaik Director of
Research Quality
Marketing Agency

Answer the following questions.
1. Who made the request for the study?
2. By whom was the study made?
3. What was the purpose of the study?
4. What kind of procedure was used for the study?
5. What were the findings from the study?
6. What was the conclusion arrived at?
7. What was the recommendation made?
Did you observe that Mr. S. K. Patnaik did not use the official letter format as he was using a printed letterhead?

Answer:
1. Mr. A. K. Pradhan, the Managing Director, of Home Products India Ltd, had made the request for the study.
2. The study was made by the Quality Marketing Agency.
3. The purpose of the study was to test the public’s acceptance of a new mosquito repellant.
4. The Quality Marketing Agency conducted an opinion poll covering a thousand families in the coastal district of Orissa to know their opinion on mosquito repellants available in the market.
5. The study revealed that people were not satisfied either with electronic repellants or coil-based ones. They showed a preference for a less expensive product and that which produces no smoke.
6. It was concluded that there is a market for a new repellant that is less expensive. Besides, it produces no smoke.
7. It was recommended that Home Products Ltd. should manufacture a smoke-free mosquito coil and one that produces a pleasant smell.

Activity 10

Imagine that you are the President of the Literary Society of your College. Your Society plans to publish a journal. You have asked the Secretary of the Society to contact all the printing firms in the town and to select one of them to print your journal.
Here is the letter that the Secretary submitted to you. Some parts of the letter are missing. Supply the missing parts.

LITERARY SOCIETY
………………… COLLEGE

5 February,

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
S. Pujari
Secretary

Answer:

Literary Society
B.J.B. College, Bhubaneswar

5 February, 20

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
As desired by you a team consisting of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the society contacted all five printing firms in town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal.

All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing. Since we do not need the copies of the journal till a month later, we could consider the offer of Rasmita Printers as it will cost us Rs. 500/- less than the offers quoted by other printing firms.
Yours faithfully,
Puja Udgata
Secretary

Activity 11

A customer approached a bank for a house-building loan. Before sanctioning the loan, the Branch Manager asked the Field Officer to examine the application and suggest whether the loan should be sanctioned. The following is the letter that the Field Officer wrote. Some parts of the letter are missing. Re-write the missing parts, using the hints supplied.

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3rd March,

To
Mr. M. Mishra
Branch Manager
SBI PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar.
Sir,
1. As described by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February, I examined the application of Mr. J. K. Panda for a house-building loan. (inspection of the site – examination of documents – Mr. Panda interviewed)
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveals : (ownership and size of the plot – whether the plot is a disputed one – Mr. Panda’s monthly income, and whether any other loan has been taken by Mr. Panda – Conclusion).
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Answer:

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3 March, 20.

Prof. M. Mishra
Branch Manager SBI
PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar
Sir,
1. As desired by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February 20, I examined the application of Mr. J.K. Panda for a house-building loan. I also personally inspected the site, interviewed Mr. Panda, and examined the documents relating to the plot.
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveal that the site is an undisputed one. To date, all land cess has been paid and the plot is litigation free. Mr. J.K. Panda is the owner of the plot and he has clear papers certifying its ownership. The plot is 112 decimals in size and its market value is around Rs. 8.00 lakhs. Mr. Panda also has a regular income of Rs. 15,000 and has no outstanding loan in his account.
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 11 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 16 Probability Ex 16(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 Math Solutions Chapter 16 Probability Exercise 16(a)

Question 1.
A coin was tossed twice. Find the probability of getting.
(i) exactly one head
Solution:
A coin is tossed twice.
∴ S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}, |S| = 4
Let A be the event of getting exactly one head.
∴ A = {HT, TH} ⇒ |A| = 2
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(ii) at least one head
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at least one head.
∴ B = {HT, TH, HH}
∴ |B| = 3
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{4}\)

(iii) at most one head
Solution:
Let C be the events of getting at most one head
∴ C = {HT, TH, TT} ⇒ |C| = 3
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|C|}{|S|}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 2.
A coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of getting.
Solution:
A coin is tossed three times.
∴ S = {HHH, HTT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HHT, TTT}
∴ |S| = 8

(i) all heads
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting all heads.
∴ A = {HHH} ⇒ O(A) = 1
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{1}{8}\)

(ii) at most 2 heads
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at most 2 heads.
∴ B = {HTT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HHT, TTT} ⇒ |B| = 7
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{7}{8}\)

(iii) at least 2 heads.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting at least 2 heads.
∴ C = {HTH, THH, HHT, HHH} ⇒ |C| = 4
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{C}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 3.
List all possible outcomes when a die is rolled twice or a pair of dice is rolled once. Then find the probability that
Solution:
A die is rolled twice
∴ S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ |S| = 36

(i) Sum of points is 10
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the sum 10.
∴ A = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)} ⇒ |A| = 3
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{3}{16}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(ii) sum of points is at least 10
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the sum at least 10.
∴ B = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4) (5, 6) (6, 5) (6, 6)} ⇒ |B| = 6
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\)

(iii) sum of points is at most 10.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting the sum 11 or 12.
∴ C = {(5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} ⇒ |C| = 3
The C is the event of getting the sum at most 10.
∴ P(C’) = 1 – P(C’) =  1 – \(\frac{3}{36}=\frac{33}{36}\)

Question 4.
A die rolled twice. Find the probability that the result of the first roll exceeds the result of the second roll by
Solution:
A die rolled twice S = \(\left\{\begin{array}{llllll}
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}\right\}\)
∴ |S| = 36

(i) 3
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the 2nd roll by 3.
∴  A = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3)} ⇒ |A| = 3
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{36}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(ii) at least 3
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the second roll by at least 3.
∴ B = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), (5,1), (6, 2), (6, 1)}
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\)

(iii) at most 3
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the 1st roll exceeds the result of the 2nd roll by 4 or 5.
∴ A ={(5, 1), (6, 2), (6, 1)}
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{|A|}{|S|}\)
= 1 – \(\frac{3}{36}=\frac{33}{36}=\frac{11}{12}\)

Question 5.
A card is selected from 100 cards numbered 1 to 100. If a card is selected at random, find the probability that the number on the card is
Solution:
A card is selected from 100 cards numbered 1 to 100.
∴ |S| = 100

(i) divisible by 5
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the card whose number is divisible by 5.
∴ A = {5, 10, 15, 20, ….. 10} ⇒ |A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{20}{100}=\frac{1}{5}\)

(ii) divisible by 2
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting the card whose number is divisible by 2.
∴ B = {2, 4, 6, 8,…., 100} ⇒ |B| = 50
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{|B|}{|S|}=\frac{50}{100}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) divisible by both 2 and 5
Solution:
If a number is divisible by both 2 and 5 then it is divisible by 10. Let A be a such an event.
∴ A ={10, 20, 30,……,100} ⇒ |A| = 10
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{10}{100}=\frac{1}{10}\)

(iv) divisible by either 2 or 5.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the number divisible by 2 and B be the event of getting the number divisible by 5.
∴ A = {2, 4, 6,……… 100}
B = {5, 10, 15, 20, ……, 100}
∴ A ∩ B = {10, 20, 30, ….., 100} ⇒ A ∩ B = 10
∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}+\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}-\frac{|\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}\)
= \(\frac{50}{100}+\frac{20}{100}-\frac{10}{100}=\frac{60}{100}=\frac{3}{5}\)

Question 6.
Eight persons stand in a line at random. What is the probability that two person X and Y don’t stand together?
Solution:
Eight persons stand in a line at random.
∴ |S| = 8!
Let A be the event that two persons X and Y stand together. Considering X and Y as one person, the total number of persons is 7, who can stand in 7 ! × 2 ways.
∴ |A| = 2 × 7 !
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2 \times 7 !}{8 !}=\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

Question 7.
What is the probability that four aces appear together when a pack of 52 cards is shuffled completely?
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting four aces appearing together. Then considering the four aces as one card, the total number of cards is 49, which can be shuffled in 49! × 4! ways.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{4 ! \times 49 !}{52 !}\)

Question 8.
If 8 persons are to sit around a table, what is the probability that X and Y don’t sit together?
Solution:
If 8 persons sit in a round table then the number of ways is (8 – 1)!
∴ |S| = (8 – 1)! = 7!
Let A be the event of getting that X and Y sit together. Considering X and Y as one person, the total number of persons is 7, who can be sit in 2 × 6 ! ways.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2 ! \times 6 !}{7 !}=\frac{2}{7}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{2}{7}=\frac{5}{7}\)

Question 9.
A die is rolled three times. Find the probability that the numbers obtained are in strictly increasing order.
Solution:
A die is rolled three times.
|S| = 6³ = 216
Let A be the event of getting the numbers in strictly increasing order.
A = {(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 4, 5), (3, 5, 6), (4, 5, 6), (3, 4, 6)} ⇒ |A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{20}{216}\)

Question 10.
Three phonorecords are removed from their jackets, played with, and then returned to the jackets at random. Find the probability that
Solution:
Three phonorecords are removed from their jackets, played with, and returned to the jackets at random. Let the records be numbered 1, 2, and 3, and let their jackets be similarly numbered 1, and 2,3. The number of ways in which the records can be put in their jackets is 3! = 6.
S = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 2
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 3 & 2
\end{array}\right),\right.\)
\(\left.\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 2 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)

(i) none of the records goes to the right jacket
Solution:
Let A be the event that none of the records goes to the right jacket.
∴ A = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 3 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 2
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) just one record goes to the right jacket.
Solution:
Let A be the event that none of the records goes to the right jacket.
∴ A = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 3 & 2
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 2 & 1
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
2 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) just two records go to the right jackets.
Solution:
Let B be the event that just two records goes to the right jackets. When two records goes to the right jackets, then it is obvious that the 3rd jacket must go to the right jacket.
∴ B = Φ
∴ P(B) = 0

(iv) all three of them go to the right jackets.
Solution:
Let C be the event that all 3 of them go to the right jackets.
∴ C = \(\left\{\left(\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}\right)\right\}\)
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{C}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{1}{6}\)

Question 11.
Four records are taken out of their jackets, played and returned to the jackets at random. Find the probability that
Solution:
Four records are taken out of their jackets, played and returned to the jackets at random.
∴ The number of ways in which the records can be put is 4!
∴ |S| = 24

(i) none of the records goes into the right jacket.
Solution:
Let the records and jackets be denoted as R₁, R₂, R₃, R_4, and J₁, J₂, J₃, J₄, respectively.
Considering \(\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_1 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_3
\end{array}\right),\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_1 & \mathrm{~J}_3
\end{array}\right)\)
\(\left(\begin{array}{llll}
\mathrm{R}_1 & \mathrm{R}_2 & \mathrm{R}_3 & \mathrm{R}_4 \\
\mathrm{~J}_2 & \mathrm{~J}_3 & \mathrm{~J}_4 & \mathrm{~J}_1
\end{array}\right)\)
∴ When R₁ be put in J₂, there are 2 such cases. Similarly when R₁ be put in J₃ and J₄ the number of such cases is 3 each.
∴ The total number of ways in which none of the records goes to the right jackets is 3 × 3 = 9.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{15}{24}=\frac{5}{8}\)

(ii) at least one record is put in the right jacket.
Solution:
The number of ways in which at least one record goes to the right jacket, i.e. 1, 2, 3 of 4 records goes to the right jacket is 24 – 9 = 15.
∴ ItS probability = \(\frac{15}{24}=\frac{5}{8}\)

Question 12.
Let A and B be events with P(A) = \(\frac{3}{8}\), P(B) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{1}{4}\). Find
(i) P(A ∪ B)
Solution:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{3}{8}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3+4-2}{8}=\frac{5}{8}\)

(ii) P(A^c) and P(B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{3}{8}=\frac{5}{8}\)
P(B^c) = 1 – P(B) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

(iii) P(A^c ∪ B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c ∪ B^c) = P(A ∩ B)^c = 1 – (A ∩ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)

(iv) P(A^c ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A^c ∩ B^c) = P(A ∪ B)^c = 1 – (A ∪ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{5}{8}=\frac{3}{8}\)

(v) P(A ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∩ B^c)
= P(A – B) = P(A) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{3}{8}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3-2}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)

(vi) P(A^c ∩ B)
Solution:
P(A^c ∩ B)
= P(B – A) = P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

Question 13.
Let A and B be the events with P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\) P(A ∪ B) = \(\frac{3}{4}\) and P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{1}{4}\), Find
(i) P(A)
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)

(ii) P(B)
Solution:
we have
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
or, \(\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{3}\) +P(B) – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
or, P(B) = \(\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{3}=1-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)

(iii) P(A ∩ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∩ B^c) = P(A – B) = P(A) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{4-3}{12}=\frac{1}{12}\)

(iv) P(A ∪ B^c)
Solution:
P(A ∪ B^c) = 1 – P(A ∪ B^c)^c
= 1 – P(A^c ∪ B) = 1 – P(B – A)
= 1 – P(B) + P(A ∩ B)
= 1 – \(\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{12-8+3}{12}=\frac{7}{12}\)

Question 14.
There are 20 defective bulbs in a box of 100 bulbs. If 10 bulbs are chosen at random what is the probability that
Solution:
There are 20 defective bulbs in a box of 100 bulbs. If 10 bulbs are chosen at random.

(i) there are just 3 defective bulbs
Solution:
|S| = ¹⁰⁰C₁₀
The number of defective bulbs is 20 so that the number of non-defective bulbs is 80.
Let A be the event of getting defective bulbs.
∴ |A| = ²⁰C₃ × ⁸⁰C₇
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{80} \mathrm{C}_7}{{ }^{100} \mathrm{C}_{10}}\)

(ii) there are at least 3 defective balls.
Solution:
Let B be the event of getting at least 3 defective bulbs.
∴ B’ is the event of getting at most 2 defective bulbs.

Question 15.
A pair of dice is rolled once. Find the probability that the maximum of the two numbers
Solution:
A pair of dice is rolled once.
∴ S = \(\left\{\begin{array}{llllll}
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6
\end{array}\right\}\)
∴ |S| = 6² = 36

(i) is greater than 4
Solution:
A be the event of getting the maximum of two numbers greater than 4.
|A| = 20
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{20}{36}\)

(ii) is 6.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting the maximum of two numbers is 6.
∴ A ={(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1)}
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{IS}|}=\frac{15}{36}\)

Question 16.
4 girls and 4 boys sit in a row. Find the probability that
Solution:
4 girls and 4 boys sit in a row.
∴ |S| = 8 !

(i) the four girls are together
Solution:
Let A be the event that 4 girls are together. Considering 4 girls as one, the total number of children is 5 which can be sit in 5! × 4! ways.
∴ |A| = 5! × 4!
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{\mid \mathrm{Al}}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{5 ! \times 4 !}{8 !}\)

(ii) the boys and girls sit in alternate seats.
Solution:
When the boys and girls sit in alternate positions. So the arrangement can be as follows:
BC₁BC₁BC₁BC₁
C₁BC₁BC₁BC₁B
∴ The total number of ways = 2(4! × 4!)
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{2 \times 4 ! \times 4 !}{8 !}\)

Question 17.
A committee of 3 is to be chosen from among 10 people including X and Y. Find the probability that
Solution:
A committee of 3 is to be chosen from among 10 people including X and Y.
∴ |S| = ¹⁰C₃

(i) X is the committee
Solution:
Let A be the event that X is in the committee. So we have chosen 2 persons from 9 persons in ⁹C₂ ways
∴ |A| = ⁹C₂
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

(ii) X or Y belongs to the committee
Solution:
Let B be the event that X or Y belongs to the committee,
When X is in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^9 C_2}{{ }^{10} C_3}\)
When Y is the in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^9 C_2}{{ }^{10} C_3}\)
When X and Y both are in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)
∴ Probability that X or Y is in the committee
= \(\frac{{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2+{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2-{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}=\frac{2 \times{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_2-{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

(iii) X and Y belong to the committee.
Solution:
When X and Y are both in the committee, we have to choose 1 person from 8 persons in ⁸C₁ ways.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{{ }^8 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

Question 18.
A class consists of 25 boys and 15 girls. If a committee of 6 is to be chosen at random, find the probability that
Solution:
A class consists of 25 boys and 15 girls. A committee of6 is to be chosen at random.
∴ |S| = ⁴⁰C₆

(i) all members of the committee are girls.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting all members of the committee are girls.
∴ |A| = ⁴⁰C₆
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(ii) all members of the committee are boys.
Solution:
If all members of the committee are boys, then its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(iii) there are exactly 3 boys in the committee.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting exact 3 boys in the committee.
∴ |A| = ²⁵C₃ × 1⁵C₃
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_3}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(iv) there are exactly 4 girls in the committee.
Solution:
Let B the event of getting exactly 4 girls in the committee.
∴ |B| = ¹⁵C₄ × ²⁵C₂
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_4 \times{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_2}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

(v) there is at least one girl in the committee.
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting at least one girl in the committee.
∴ C’ is the event of getting no girl in the committee.
∴ |C’| = ²⁵C₆ ∴ P|C’| = \(\frac{\left|\mathrm{C}^{\prime}\right|}{|\mathrm{S}|}\)
∴ P(C) = 1 – P(C’) = 1 – \(\frac{{ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_6}{{ }^{40} \mathrm{C}_6}\)

Question 19.
There are 20 boys and 10 girls in the class. If a committee of 6 is to be chosen at random having at least 2 boys and 2 girls, find the probability that
Solution:
There are 20 boys and 10 girls in the class. A committee of 6 is to be chosen at random having at least 2 boys and 2 girls.

(20) Boys	(10) girls
2	4
3	3
4	2

∴ |S| = (²⁰C₂ × ¹⁰C₄) + (²⁰C₃ × ¹⁰C₃) + (²⁰C₄ × ¹⁰C₂)

(i) there are 3 boys in the committee.
Solution:
When there are 3 boys in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_3 \times{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_3}{|\mathrm{~S}|}\)

(ii) there are 4 boys in the committee.
Solution:
When there are 4 boys in the committee, its probability = \(\frac{{ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_4 \times{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_2}{|\mathrm{~S}|}\)

Question 20.
There are 120 students in a class who have opted for the following MIL. English 20, Oriya 70, Bengali 30. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student is studying.
Solution:
There are 120 students in a class who have opted for the English 20, Oriya 70, Bengali 30.
∴ |S| = 120.
Let Be be the event of getting Bengali and E be the event of getting English.

(i) Bengali or English
Solution:
Since B and E are mutually exclusive events.
P(B ∪ E) = P(B) + P(E)
= \(\frac{|\mathrm{B}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}+\frac{|\mathrm{E}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{30}{120}+\frac{20}{120}=\frac{50}{120}\)

(ii) neither Bengali nor English.
Solution:
Let A be the event of getting neither Bengali nor English, i.e. A is the event of getting Odia only.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{|\mathrm{A}|}{|\mathrm{S}|}=\frac{70}{120}\)

Question 21.
Sometimes, probability of an event A is expressed as follows. We say that odds in favour of A are x toy if P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\). Similarly, we say that odds against A are x to y if P(A) = \(\frac{y}{x+y}\). Find P(A) and P(A)^c if
Solution:
Odds in favour of A are x to y if P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\)
Odds against A are x to y if P (A) = \(\frac{y}{x+y}\)

(i) odds in favour of A are 2 to 5.
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{x}{x+y}\) = \(\frac{2}{2+5}=\frac{2}{7}\)
and P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{2}{7}=\frac{5}{7}\)

(ii) odds against A are 4 to 3.
Solution:
P(A) = \(\frac{3}{4+3}=\frac{3}{7}\)
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – \(\frac{3}{7}=\frac{4}{7}\)

Question 22.
Six dice are rolled. Find the probability that all six faces show different numbers.
Solution:
Six dice are rolled once.
∴ |S| = 6⁶
Let A be the event that all six faces show different numbers.
∴ |S| = 6!
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{6 !}{6^6}\)

Question 23.
There are 60 tickets in a bag numbered 1 through 60. Ifa ticket is picked at random, find the probability that the number on it is divisible by 2 or 5 and is not divisible by any of the numbers 3, 4, 6.
Solution:
There are 60 tickets in a bag numbered 1 through 60. A ticket is to be chosen, whose number is divisible by 2 or 5 and is not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
∴ |S| = 6 !
Let A be the event of getting the numbers divisible by 2 but not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
B be the event of getting* the numbers divisible by 5 but not divisible by 3, 4, 6.
∴ A = {2, 10, 14, 22, 26, 34, 38, 46, 50, 58}
B = {5, 10, 25, 35, 50, 55}
A ∩ B = {10, 50}
∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{10+6-2}{60}=\frac{14}{60}\)

Question 24.
Compute P (A Δ B) in terms of P (A), P (B) and P (A ∩ B) where A Δ B denotes the symmetric difference of A and B.
Solution:
P (A Δ B) = P[(A – B)∪ (B – A)]
= P (A – B) + P (B – A) as (A – B) n (B – A) = Φ
= P[A – (A ∩ B)]+ P[B – (A ∩ B)]
= P(A) – P(A ∩ B) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A ∩ B)

Question 25.
Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are placed at random on a book shelf. Find the probability that all volumes of both the books will be found together.
Solution:
Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are placed at random on a book shelf.
∴ |S| = 8 !
When all volumes of both the books will find together, then considering the volumes as one book each, we have the total number of books is 2, which can be arranged in 2 × 3! × 5!
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{2 \times 3 ! \times 5 !}{8 !}\)

Question 26.
2 black cards and 2 red cards are lying face down on the table, If you guess their colours, find the probability that you get
Solution:
2 black cards and 2 red cards are lying face down on the table.
∴ We can guess their colours in \(\frac{4 !}{2 ! 2 !}\) = 4 ways
Cards kept face down as:
A student can guess:

(a)	B	B	R	R
(b)	B	R	B	R
(c)	B	R	R	B
(d)	R	R	B	B
(e)	R	B	R	B
(f)	R	B	B	R

(i) none of them right
Solution:
A student can guess none of them right only in case (d).
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

(ii) two of them right
Solution:
A student can guess two of them right in (b), (c), (d), (f).
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\)

(iii) all four of them right
Solution:
The student can guess all 4 of them right in (a) only.
∴ Its probability = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Official Letter Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Official Letter Writing

Official Letters

A letter written to an official, in most cases, deals with some problem that concerns the writer.
Characteristics of good official letters
(a) Introduction
(b) Information
(c) Conclusion
The problem of the writer is briefly introduced in the first person. It is then elaborated on and substantiated in the second section. concluding section throws light on a specific request for a solution to the writer’s problem.

Activity 5

Here is a letter written by a Ward Member of Berhampur Municipality to the local Police Station. Read it carefully.

From
Dr. N.T. Rao, Member
Berhampur Municipal Council
Ward – 1
Dated 1 June, 20
To
The Officer-in-Charge
Baidyanathpur Police Station
Komapalli Berhampur
Sub: Request for Night Patrol Sir,
I write to draw your attention to the frequent occurrence of thefts of house-breaking in our locality during the last couple of weeks. last night, my neighbor lost all his valuables in a case of house-breaking. After receiving an urgent call, he had gone to his village in the evening with his family. He had locked all the doors, but when he returned in the morning, to his dismay.

he found the back door broken and all his valuables stolen. Last week, another neighbor lost his scooter. Someone broke open the grill gate during the night and took away his scooter. Cases of bicycle lifting have rather become common in our locality. We have reasons to believe that there is a gang operating in this area. I request you to provide extra police patrol at night and take urgent steps to nab the gang.
Yours faithfully,
N.T.Rao

Now read the letter again and answer the following questions.

Who is it from?
What is the problem he is writing about?
In which paragraph does he provide the details?
What are they?
What is the request made?
Answer:
(a) The letter is from N. T. Rao.
(b) He is writing about frequent occurrences of theft and house-breaking in his locality.
(c) He provides the details in paragraph 2.
(d) They refer to his neighbor’s house-breaking and theft of valuables. Above all, Dr. Rao refers to frequent bicycle lifting and the theft of a scooter from his neighbor.
(e) He requests the police to provide extra patrolling at night to catch the gang involved in house-breaking and theft.

Activity 6

Complete this letter which Mr. Sahu writes to the Chief District Medical Officer about some problems in the local hospital.

From
Mr.Srinivas Sahu,
Sarapanch
Nua Patna Gram Panchayat
Tigiria, Cuttack
14 Mar, 20_
To
The Chief District Medical Officer,
Cuttack
Sub: Steps to improve facilities in the hospital Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to some serious problems that the local hospital in Nigeria has been facing for some time. (The problems: inadequate staff; vacant posts not filled; unsanitary conditions; garbage dumped all around; poor maintenance of buildings and equipment; shortage of essential medicines, etc.) (Action requested: Yours faithfully, (Srinivas Sahu)

Answer:

Nua Patna Gram Panchayat
Tigiria, Cuttack
14, March, 20

To
The Chief District Medical Officer
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to some serious problems that the local hospital at Tigiria has been facing for some time. First of all, Tigiria has been plagued by a lack of adequate staff for the last five years. While the sanctioned strength of doctors is twelve, there are only two of them. Moreover, the two doctors now posted at Tigiria are only graduates. There is no one to man the different other departments established at the hospital’s foundation by the WHO.

One is tempted to ask what has happened to the funds/grants that are being sanctioned every year by the W.H.O. in lieu of the salary of doctors. Similarly, where there ought to be 20 nurses there are only 6; of 8 pharmacists only 2, and of 10 attendants only 1. With such a skeletal staff one wonders how such a large hospital with such a great inflow of patients, can be run.

Secondly, there is the unsanitary condition of the hospital. Wards are being cleaned only once a week. Sweepers complain about the non-availability of phenyl, bleaching powder, and other disinfectants. As a result, the environs of the hospital emit a foul smell. This is compounded by the garbage piled behind the hospital. Without an incinerator or some kind of waste disposal unit, the hospital is becoming a breeding ground for germs and viruses from which it is intended to protect people.

Thirdly, poor maintenance of buildings and equipment is having its toll on patients. The air-conditioner in the ICU is ‘under repair’ for the last year. The x-ray machine is out of order and so on. One does not know when the leaking wards will be repaired and how long it will be before the hospital is whitewashed. Finally, what is of great concern is the shortage of essential medicines.

Oral rehydration packets, Enteroquinol, Quinine, Primaquin, etc. are always in short supply thereby resulting in a number of deaths. I request you therefore to kindly visit the hospital and get a first-hand experience of the situation here. I would also request you ensure the supply of essential medicines immediately so that common deaths from dysentery and malaria do not recur. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists may also be transferred from overstaffed city hospitals.
Yours faithfully,
(Srinivas Sahu)

Activity 7

Your friend wants to send a letter to the Chairman of the Municipality complaining about the neglect of roads and drains in your locality. As he is going out, he expects you to write a letter to him. He gives you the following points. Write a letter to him.

From
Mr. Sujit Mishra
Ward Member, Municipal Council
Sector – 3, Rourkela
Date – 20 Feb, 20
To
The Chairman Rourkela Municipality
Rourkela
Sub: Improvement of civil facilities.
Sir,
– neglect of roads and drains
– roads not swept
– piles of garbage
– drains blocked
– stagnant water
– mosquitoes and flies
– place unhygienic
– request to clean the roads and drains twice every week
Yours faithfully,
(Sujit Mishra)

Answer:

Sector – 3
Rourkela
20, February, 20

To
The Chairman
Rourkela Municipality
Rourkela
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the unsanitary conditions that plague our locality. There is complete neglect of roads and drains in our sector. The roads are seldom swept and piles of garbage can be seen at every comer. Moreover, as some of the garbage has been washed into the drains by the rains, the drains have been completely blocked.

As a result, there is at least two feet of standing water in the drain. This has thus become a suitable place for the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, thereby making the whole locality unhygienic. I request you therefore to kindly see that the roads and drains are cleaned and the garbage lifted regularly so that the place is free from mosquitoes and flies and a hygienic environment prevails.
Yours faithfully,
(Sujit Mishra)

Activity 8

(a) Write a letter to the District Transport Manager, OSRTC complaining about the rude behavior of bus conductors on your route.
(b) The walls of your locality are frequently disfigured by posters. Write a letter to the police authorities expressing your disapproval and giving suggestions for overcoming the problem.
(c) There are frequent unscheduled power cuts in your locality. It seriously affects your preparation for the ensuing CHSE Examination. Write a letter to the SDO (Electricals) of your locality requesting him to check these unscheduled power cuts.
Answer:
(a)

Plot No. 106,
Jaydev Vihar
Bhubaneswar
25 Sept., 20.

To
The District Transport Manager,
OSRTC
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to the rude behavior of bus conductors on the BBSR-Cuttack route. I am a regular commuter to Cuttack as I study there. Every day I take the OSRTC Bhubaneswar-Cuttack ‘Students Special’ to Ravenshaw College. As a student I am entitled to a fifty percent concession in the fare which amounts to Rs. 3.50. But the conductor charges Rs. 4.00 every time. In spite of our repeated requests, he has been doing this regularly.

Yesterday, he stopped the bus mid-way and forced a few classmates of mine, out of the bus. He even threatened them with dire consequences if they reported him and did not pay Rs. 4.00 as fare. Moreover, he takes in passengers other than students on the bus and charges them Rs. 10.00/- for dropping them off near Ravenshaw. As a result, many bona fide students are deprived of this facility.

It is a well-known fact that this conductor is a goonda and therefore he treats the passengers with little respect and has the bus move according to his own whims and fancy with unscheduled stops and erratic timing. As a result other conductors to have become lackadaisical in their work and high-handed with passengers. I request you therefore to look into the matter and take action to transfer the conductor in question to some other zone so as to pacify and solve the problems of the students.
Yours faithfully,
Prabhat Mishra

(b)

College Square
Cuttack
30 July, 20

To
The Station House Officer Cantonment Police Station Cantonment Road Cuttack Sir,
I wish to invite your attention to the disfiguring of walls in our locality. As you are aware Cuttack Chandi is graced by the Chandi temple as well as many educational institutions like the Sailabala Women’s College and Christ College. It is sad that the walls of this temple that houses the goddess and the walls of these temples of learning are disfigured by posters of films, posters advertising meetings or Tutorials, etc. Right in front of the Chandi Temple, the wall of Sailabala College provides a convenient place for posters.

But the sight of nude film posters is not only disconcerting but also ugly to look at. Similarly, the walls of Christ College have been disfigured by posters. Walls of private houses paralleling the wall of Christ College also have not been left untouched. I, therefore, request you to kindly enforce the prohibition on pasting posters on the walls of the Chandi temple as well as the colleges and private houses. The citizens’ committee is also willing to provide bamboo screens at suitable sites chosen by you, for putting up the posters.
Yours faithfully,
Santanu Mohanty

(c)

Main Road
Angul
4 March, 20

To
The SDO
CESCO
Angul
Sir,
I wish to draw your attention to the unscheduled power cuts that frequently occur in Kunjakanta. I am a student appearing for die ensuing CHSE Examination. Like me, there are numerous other friends of mine here at Kunjakanta who are taking the CHSE Examinations. All of us are deeply concerned about the unscheduled power cuts that frequently occur in our area.

The power cuts occur so erratically and with such increasing frequency as well as for such long hours that our preparation for the examination is greatly hampered. Besides, we are not even able to sleep well so that we can appear for the Examination the following morning without feeling sleepy and tired. It would not be too far-fetched to say that the power cuts are indirectly affecting our performance in the examinations.

We are not against load-shedding but with unscheduled power cuts, we are unable to plan out when we could relax and when to give time to studies. On the other hand, if load-shedding is scheduled, even for a whole hour, we could spend that time relaxing, going on walks, and thereby refreshing our minds and body. I request you therefore to view this matter seriously and prevent unscheduled power cuts.
Yours faithfully,
Ramesh Jena

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Application Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Application Writing

Applications

An important type of business letter is the letter of aplication. Usually it is written in reply to an advertisement. The following points should be borne in mind in writing a lttter of application.

A. Presentation:
The letter must be neatly written or typed. The envelope must be properly stamped and addressed.

B. Qualifications:
Your qualifications must be clearly stated, and related to the job you are applying for. You should not sound boastful, but, on the other hand, you should clearly show that you consider yourself eligible for the post.

C. Experience:
Here again give the information that is relevant to the post. If you have just completed your studies, don’t write – Experience : nil You should try to say something positive.

D. Testimonials:
These can be enclosed even if the advertisement does not ask for them.

Activity 1

Read the following advertisement and the letter of application that follows it.

Wanted Medical Representative (Male/Female) for various towns in Orissa. Write to Agrasen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Sharma Lane, Banka Bazar, Cuttack within 7 days.

College Street
Puri
9 March, 20

Sir,
I read your advertisement in The Samaj of 8 March for the post of ‘Medical Representative’. I wish to apply for the post. I am 21 years old. I have passed +2 Science in the First Division. At present I am doing B.Sc. in BJB College with Chemistry as my Honours subject. I shall take the final Examination in April this year. I hope to hold a rank in the university. I am sorry to tell you that I have no experience as a medical representative. I am, however, quite familiar with different medicines, including their names and brands. My uncle runs a small shop in Puri, where I have worked part-time during my vacations. I speak Oriya, Bengali and Hindi. Being convent educated, I am quite comfortable in English. I am enclosing copies of my certificates. If necessary I can produce a testimonial from the Principal, BJB College at the time of interview. I look forward to meeting you for a personal interview at a time convenient to you.
Yours faithfully,
S Patnaik
Sudhir Ku. Patnaik.

In the box on the left, you have the main points of the application. Notice that they are not in order. Arrange them as they occur in the letter. Also put all the points of each paragraph in separate boxes on the right. The first one has been done for you.

Answer:

Activity 2

Read the following advertisement which appeared in The Samaj on 5 August, 2009 and the application of Miss Rani Das which is left incomplete. Complete the application by writing sentences for the information provided.

Padma Commercial Institute

Applications are invited from young graduates the post Clerk-cum-Typist at Padma Commercial Institute, Bajra Kabati, Cuttack. Applications should be sent to the Administrative Officer to reach him on or before 25 August 2009. Preference will be given to candidates having experience.

Lane 2
Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur Ganjam
16 August, 20

To
The Administrative Officer
Padma Commercial Institute
Bajra Kabati
Cuttack.
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Clerk-cum-Typist as advertised in The Samaj of
5 August, 20.
H.S.C. : First Division from De Paul School, Berhampur
B.A: Second class Honours in Economics from Berhampur University
Course in typing : Speed 45 words per minute.
Age : 27 years
Health : Sound
Post held : Clerk-cum-Typist
Experience : 6 months
Organisation : NM Tutorials New Bus Stand Berhampur
Salary : Rs. 8500 pm. (consolidated)
I enclose a testimonial from the Managing Director of NM Tutorials, Berhampur, I can get relieved from my present job in two weeks if I am selected for appointment. Your faithfully (Rani Das)

Answer:

Lane 2, Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur, Ganjam
16 August, 20

To
The Administrative Officer
Padma Commercial Institute
Bajra Kabati
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Clerk-cum-Typist as advertised in The Samaj of 5 August 20. I am 27 years old and possess sound health. As far as my educational qualifications are concerned, I have passed H.S.C. in the First Division from the De Paul School and have graduated from Berhampur University with second-class honors in Economics. Besides this, I have completed a certificate course in typing from the Hindustan Commercial Institute, Berhampur. My typing speed is 45 words per minute. I am working for the NM Tutorials, Berhampur as a Clerk-cum-Typist and am drawing a salary of Rs.8500 p.m. (consolidated). I have been working in this position for the last six months. I enclose a testimonial from the Managing Director, NM Tutorials, Berhampur, and attested copies of my certificates. I shall be relieved in two weeks if I am selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully
(Miss Rani Das)

Activity 3

Here is an advertisement which your friend Girish Chandra Mohanty brought to you along with his personal details. He would like to apply for the post advertised. Can you help him ? Draft a letter of application for the job for your friend.

WANTED
SECURITY OFICER
below 50 : Apply in 15 days to
HOTEL MAYFAIR, Bhubaneswar.

Girish Chandra Mohanty
Nuapatana
Cuttack District
Orissa

– 47 years (Date of birth: 07.04.1962)
– H.S.C. (1978) Second division
– B.Sc. (1980) Second division
– Security Officer at Shakti Sugar, Baramba from 1984 to 1992
– DSP in Orissa Police from 1993 – 2008 (voluntary retirement in 2008)
– can read, speak and write Oriya, Hindi, and English
– good health, good eyesight
– gun license

Answer:

Anand Vihar
Nuapatna
Cuttack
23 Oct., 20

The Chief Manager
Hotel Mayfair
Nandankanan Road
Bhubaneswar
Sir,
I wish to apply for the position of Security Officer as advertised in The Samaj on 15 Oct., 20. I am 47 years old. I passed my H.S.C. in the Second Division in the year 1978, and B.Sc. in Second Division in 1980. At present, I am working as Security Officer at Shakti Sugar, Baramba, and have been in this position for the last 5 years. Prior to that, I had been working with the State Government as a Sub-Inspector of Police for 17 years from 1990-2006 and D.S.P. from 2006 to 2008. I took voluntary retirement in 2008. I am proficient in Oriya, Hindi, and English which I can read, write and speak. Besides this, I possess a sound physique and good eyesight. I enclose a testimonial from the Chief Executive Officer. Shakti Sugar and copies of my certificate as well as service records as S.I. of Police and D.S.P.
I shall be relieved in two weeks if I am selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully,
(Girish Ch. Mohanty)

Activity 4

Write applications in response to the following advertisements :

(a) Wanted an experienced Lady Stenographer with good knowledge of English. Contact Box No. 998, The Samaj, Cuttack.
(b) Students ! Earn your pocket money during the holidays. Door-to-door visits to promote the sale of our Washing Powder Henko. Only for residents of Sambalpur. Apply to Box No. 446, The Samaj, Sambalpur.
(c) Wanted Lady Tutor for 3 Children of Convent School : 4th, 5th and 6th standanrd. Contact Deepak Mishra, Lane-3, Gajapati Nagar, Berhampur.

Answer:
(a)

27, Kharvel Nagar
Bhubaneswar
8 Dec., 20

To
Box No 998
The Samaj
Cuttack
Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Lady Stenographer as advertised in The Samaj of 10 Dec. 2009.
I am 22 years old. I have passed the H.S.C. in the First Division. Besides this, I have passed a certificate course in Stenography from the Padma Commercial Institute, Bhubaneswar. Presently, I am working as Steno to the Manager, Home Products Ltd., Bhubaneswar, and am drawing a consolidated pay of Rs. 5500 p.m. I have been working in this capacity for the last year. I can read, write and speak Oriya, Hindi, and English. I enclose a testimonial from the Manager, Home Products Ltd., and attested copies of my certificate. I can be relieved within a week if selected for an appointment.
Yours faithfully,
(Ms. Snigdha Mohanty)

(b)

Daleipara
Sambalpur
20 Dec 20

To
Box No. 446
The Samaj
Sambalpur
Sir,
I wish to apply for the position of Door-to-Door promotional salesman as advertised in The Samaj of 17 Dec., 20. I am 20 years old. I have passed +2 Arts in the Second Division. At present, I am doing B.A. at G.M. College, Sambalpur with Political Science as the honors subject. I am in the first year of my graduation. This summer for 45 days I shall be completely free as the college is closing for vacations. Last summer after my +2 finals I worked as a newspaper delivery man and so am familiar with the lanes and by-lanes of many areas of Sambalpur. This experience I hope will stand me in good stead in door-to-door visiting. I have a cycle at my disposal and therefore going from one place to another will pose no problems. Moreover, I am fluent in Oriya, Hindi, and English which I can speak, read and write. I am enclosing copies of my certificate as well as a testimonial from the manager, of The Today News Agency, Sambalpur. I look forward to meeting you for a personal interview at a time convenient to you.
Yours faithfully,
(Shakti Das)

(c)

Hill Patna
Berhampur
14 Dec 20

To
Mr. Deepak Mishra
Lane – 3
Gajapati Nagar
Berhampur
Sir,
I am writing in connection with the advertisement which appeared recently in ‘The Samaj’, for a lady tutor. I am a trained Secondary School teacher and have taught in English medium schools. I would be interested in knowing further details about the post. I would be grateful if you could tell me what subjects the children are to be taught, for how long you expect to employ the tutor, and what salary you intend to pay. I am willing to supply full details of my qualifications and exposure. I look forward to hearing from you shortly.
Yours faithfully
S. Mishra (Miss)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 3 The Inchcape Rock Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Poem 3 The Inchcape Rock

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Inchcape Rock Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I
Gist with Glossary
Gist:
The poet presents a picture of stillness. The air, the sea, the ship, her sails, and the ocean all look motionless. The slow rise and fall of waves failed to move the Inchcape Bell, a dangerous reef off the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river of Tay. During sunny days it could be easily noticed but during a storm, the ships would meet their death because of it. So to solve this problem the Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on this rock. The bell would be heard loud and clear during a storm and as a result, would warn the sailors that the fatal Inchcape Rock was near. His humanitarian deed helped many a sailor know the presence of the dangerous rock. It was but natural that the Abbot of Abberbrothok won their blessings.

Glossary:
Stir: movement.(ଗତି)
Still: motionless. (ସ୍ଥିର)
Keel: bottom part of the ship. ( ଜାହାଜର ତଳଭାଗ)
Inchcape Rock: a perilous reef off the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay.
Placed: fixed .(ଥୋଇଦେଲେ)
Buoy: a floating object on the sea to mark a dangerous rock. (ସମୁଦ୍ରରେ ଏକ ଭାସମାନ ବସ୍ତୁ |ଏକ ବିପଜ୍ଜନକ ପଥର ଚିହ୍ନ କରିବାକୁ |)
Surge’S Well: the rise of the tidal waves. (ଜୁଆରିଆ ଢେଉର ଉତ୍‌ଥାନ)
The Mariners: the sailors. (ମେରାଇନର୍ସ)
Perilous: dangerous. (ଭୟଙ୍କର )

Think It Out

Question 1.
How does the poet describe the Inchcape Rock?
Answer:
The poet states that the Inchcape Rock was a few inches high above the surface of the sea in low tide and was completely covered by the sea in high tide or when the sea was rough.

Question 2.
Was the Inchcape Rock dangerous? Give your reasons.
Answer:
The Inchcape Rock was quite dangerous because during sunny days the huge stone could be easily noticed, but it was completely covered by the sea at a high tide or when the sea swelled. As a result, many ships had been wrecked.

Question 3.
Why did the Abbot place a bell on the Inchcape Rock?
Answer:
The Abbot placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock to warn the sailors of the presence of this fatal rock nearby.

Question 4.
When did the Inchcape bell ring?
Answer:
The Inchcape bell rang during a storm or when the sea swelled.

Question 5
Why did the mariners bless the Abbot?
Answer:
Mariners blessed the Abbot because he saved many imminent shipwrecks during the storm by placing a bell on the perilous Inchcape Rock. In other words, humanitarian deeds gave them strength where nature was inhospitable.

Unit – II
Gist with Glossary
Gist :
The poet describes the cheering power of spring. The glittering sun, the screaming of seabirds, and the visible Inchcape filled the air with great joy. The beauty of spring made Sir Ralph the Rover, a sea pirate, cheerful beyond words. But his cheerful spirit gave way to mischief. His eye was fixed on the Inchcape Rock. The bell placed by the Abbot of Abberbrothok was a great disadvantage for him because he plundered the ships that were wrecked by the Inchcape Rock. So he decided to cut the bell from the rock. He was very happy now since there was no more bell. There was a lot more loot! The sailors would not bless the Abbot of Abberbrothok anymore.

Glossary:
Gay: here brightly. (ଆନନ୍ଦରେ )
screamed: made a loud high cry. (ଚିତକାର କରୁଥିଲେ)
wheeled: turned around quickly. (ହଠାତ୍ ବୁଲିପଡ଼ିଲେ)
speck: a very small part.(ଏକ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଅଂଶ )
He fell…. spring: The pirate Ralph the Rover was in high spirits because of spring, a season of joy and excitement.
His heart…….. excess: the pirate’s joy knew no limits.
But…. wickedness: His pleasure gave way to mischief.
Quoth: said (କହିଲେ)
Put Out: (here) make the ship ready (ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କର)
I’ll…..Aberbrothok: Sir Ralph the Rover is determined to cause pain to the Abbot of Aberbrothok by cutting the bell.
Down……..sound: The bell sunk beneath the tide producing a low sound.

Think It Out

Question 1.
How does the poet express ‘the cheering power of spring’?
Answer:
The poet expresses the cheering power of spring in terms of the bright sun, screaming birds, and joy in their sounds. Merriment was in the air.

Question 2.
How did Ralph come across the Inchcape Bell?
Answer:
Ralph came across the Inchcape Bell by walking his deck and focusing his attention on it when spring set in and it surfaced on the calm sea.

Question 3.
What was the effect of ‘the cheering power of spring’ on Ralph?
Answer:
The cheering power of spring made Ralph whistle and sing and filled his heart with great delight.

Question 4.
What kind of a person was Ralph? Which line tells you so?
Answer:
Ralph was a wicked person to the backbone. The line ‘His heart was mirthful to excess’ tells us so.

Question 5.
What act of wickedness did he do?
Answer:
He committed a wicked deed by cutting the bell that the Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed on the dangerous Inchcape Rock.

Question 6.
Why did he do the wicked act?
Answer:
He did the wicked act because the sailors would not bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

Unit – III
Gist with Glossary
Gist :
As a result of his plundering spree, Sir Ralph the Rover became very rich in no time and came back to the shore of Scotland. It was a very stormy day. There was a thick haze and a strong gale and it was nearing nighttime. It was so dark that they could hot see the land. Sir Ralph tried to give his sailors courage by saying that the moon would soon appear and that they would be able to see. However, they still could not see and everybody wished they could hear the Inchcape bell. The ship soon struck the rock and everybody was in despair. Sir Ralph was cursing himself as the ship was sinking beneath the tide. Even as he was dying, Ralph could hear one dreadful sound. It was as if it was the warning sound of the Inchcape bell, it was as if it was the sound of the Devil ringing his knell.

Glossary:
scoured: searched for ships in the sea for plundering (ରେ ଜାହାଜ ଖୋଜିଲା | ଲୁଣ୍ଠନ ପାଇଁ ସମୁଦ୍ର)
Many A Day: many days (ଅନେକ ଦିନ)
Plunder: loot (ଲୁଣ୍ଠନ)
Loot: dense (ଘନ, ଘଞ୍ଚ)
Haze: fog (କୁହୁଡ଼ି)
Gale: storm (ଝଡ଼)
Died Away: stopped (ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଗଲା)
Canst: can
Swell: rise (ଉତ୍‌ଥାନ)
Strikes: hits (ବାଡ଼ି ହୋଇଗଲା )
Shivering: trembling ( ଦୋଳାୟମାନ )
‘Oh….. Rock’: The helplessness of the mariners is indicated by deep shock
Despair: misery (ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶା )
Dreadful : fearful (ଭୟଙ୍କର )
The Devil…. knell: This line signifies Ralph’s death.

Think It Out

Question 1.
How did Ralph become rich?
Answer:
Ralph became rich by plundering the ships that met with wrecks.

Question 2.
Why did the ship lose its way in the sea while it was heading towards Scotland?
Answer:
The ship lost its way in the sea while it was heading towards Scotland because of a dense fog and a strong gale. Besides, it was nearing nighttime.

Question 3.
Why did a mariner think that they were near the shore?
Answer:
A mariner thought that they were near the shore.

Question 4.
‘Oh, Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock’ – why did the mariners exclaim so?
Answer:
The mariners exclaimed so in their stale hopelessness. To their stunned disbelief, they feel the presence of the dangerous Inchcape Rock and consequently think of their imminent death. In Christ, they see their savior.

Question 5.
Why did Sir Ralph curse himself?
Answer:
Sir Ralph cursed himself because he realized that his notorious act of cutting the bell to tarnish the image of the Abbot of Aberbrothok paved the way for the sinking of his own ship in the roaring waves of the sea.

Question 6.
‘The Devil below was ringing his knell.’- what does this expression mean?
Answer:
The expression ‘The Devil below was ringing his knell’ means the death of the notorious Ralph the Rover. Even as he was dying, he could hear one fearful sound as if it was the warning sound of the Inchcape bell. It was as if the Devil was ringing the sound of his disaster.

Question 7.
Do you find this poem musical? The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is AABB (sea-A, be-A, motion-B, ocean-B). Is the rhyme scheme the same for all the stanzas?
Answer:
We find this poem completely musical. The poet’s profuse use of alliteration ‘S’ sea/ship/still and so on justifies this fact. The rhyme scheme is the same for all the stanzas.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Inchcape Rock Important Questions and Answers

A.Short Answer Type Questions with Answers

1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

No stir in the air, no stir in the sea,
The ship was still as she could be,
Her sails from heaven received no motion,
Her keel was steady in the ocean.

Without either sign or sound of their shock
The waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock;
So little they rose, so little they fell,
They did not move the Inchcape Bell.

The Abbot of Aberbrothok
Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock;
On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung,
And over the waves its warning rung.

When the Rock was hid by the surge’s swell,
The mariners heard the warning bell;
And then they knew the perilous Rock,
And blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

Questions :
(i) What picture do the first two lines present?

(ii) “Her sails from heaven received no motion;” What does the expression ‘Her sails’ refer to?

(iii) In spite of flowing over the Inchcape Rock, why didn’t the waves move its bell?

(iv) What made the Inchcape Rock unseen?

(v) What picture of the Abbot of Aberbrothok do you get in the extract?

Answers :
(i) The first two lines present a graphic description of calm nature. There is no movement either in the air or any roar in the sea. The ship was motionless,

(ii) The expression ‘Her sails’ refers to the ship’s sails.

(iii) The waves did not move Inchcape bell, in spite of flowing over the Inchcape Rock, because of their excessively slow rise and fall.

(iv) Rise of the tidal waves made the Inchcape Rock unseen.

(v) The extract presents a picture benevolence associated with the Abbot of Aberbrothok. His act of placing the bell on Inchcape Rock for the interest of the mariners is a case in point.

2. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

The sun in heaven was shining gay,
All things were joyful on that day;
The sea-birds screamed as they wheeled round
And there was joyance in their sound.

The buoy of the Inchcape Bell was seen
A darker speck on the ocean green;
Sir Ralph the Rover walked his deck,
And he fixed his eye on the darker speck.

He felt the cheering power of spring;
It made him whistle, it made him sing;
His heart was mirthful to excess.
But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness

Questions :
(i) How does the poet describe the sun?

(ii) What did the seabirds do and what did they produce?

(iii) How do you account for the repetition of ‘darker speck’?

(iv) “It made him whistle.” What does ‘It’ refer to?

Answers :
(i) The poet gives a description of the bright sun.

(ii) The seabirds screamed as they wheel around. There was joy in their sound.

(iii) Sir Ralph the Rover could not take his eye off the darker speck visible on the green ocean. Later his act of dealing with it becomes the focus of the poem and the repetition.

(iv) ‘It’ refers to the cheering power of spring.

3. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

His eye was on the Inchcape float;
Quoth he, ‘My men, put out the boat,
And row me to the Inchcape Rock,
And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok’

The boat is lowered, the boatmen row,
And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut, the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the Bell with a gurgling sound;
The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’

Questions :
(i) What did Ralph say to his men?

(ii) ‘And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok” – what aspect of Ralph’s character does this describe?

(iii) How did Ralph cut the bell?

(iv) What happened after he cut the bell?

(v) ‘Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’
What device does the Southey use here?

Answers :
(i) Ralph said to his men to get the boat ready and row him to the Inchcape Rock.
(ii) This line presents Ralph as a sadist.

(iii) Ralph cut the bell by bending over the boat.

(iv) After he cut the bell, it sunk down into the sea making a gurgling sound.

(v) The device poet Southey uses here is irony. Sir Ralph the Rover cut the Inchcape bell and eventually paid the penalty.

4. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Sir Ralph the Rover sailed away,
He scoured the seas for many a day;
And now grown rich with plundered store
He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.

So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky
They cannot see the sun on high;
The wind hath blown gale all day,
At evening it hath died away
On the deck the Rover takes his stand.

So dark it is they see no land.
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘It will be lighter soon,
For there is a dawn of the rising moon.’

‘Canst hear’, said one ‘the breakers roar?
For methinks we should be near the shore’
‘Now where we are I cannot tell,
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell.’

Questions :
(i) What did Sir Ralph do for many days?

(ii) Why were the mariners not able to see the sun?

(iii) When did the wind stop?

(iv) Why was the land not visible to the mariners?

(v) What did a mariner wish?

Answers :
(i) Sir Ralph searched for the ships in the sea and kept on plundering them for many days.

(ii) The mariners were not able to see the sun, because of dense fog that had overspread the sky.

(iii) The wind stopped in the evening.

(iv) The land was not visible to the mariners, because it was dark everywhere.

(v) A marinor wished he had heard the Inchcape Bell

5. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

They hear no sound; the swell is strong;
Though the wind hath fallen they drift along,
Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock
‘Oh Christ ! It is Inchcape Rock’.

Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair,
He cursed himself in his despair;
The waves rush in on every side;
The ship is sinking beneath the tide.

But even in his dying fear
One dreadful sound could the Rover hear,
A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell
The Devil below was ringing his knell.

Questions :
(i) ‘They hear no sound;’ who are they?

(ii) ‘Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair.’ What poetic device is used here?

(iii) Why was the ship sinking?

(iv) What sort of sound did Ralph hear?

(v) In what condition did Ralph find himself?

Answers :
(i) They are Sir Ralph the Rover and the other mariners who accompanied him.

(ii) Alliteration is used here. The repetition of ‘R’ here justifies this fact.

(iii) The ship was sinking beneath the stormy sea because it struck the Inchcape Rock in the darkness of night.

(iv) Ralph heard a sound that was quite fearful as the sound of the Inchcape bell.

(v) Ralph found himself in a state of dread, despair, and belated repentance.

B. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
Choose the correct option.
Unit – I
The test
Lines 1 to 16

No stir in the air…………………………. Abbot of Aberbrothok
Question 1.
What is ‘Inchcape Rock’?
(a) the name of a rock on the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay.
(b) the name of a ship that could cross all obstacles.
(c) the name of a sea animal that is very dangerous.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) the name of a rock on the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay.

Question 2.
The first four lines present a similar picture of air, sea, ship, sails, and ocean. What is that?
(a) stormy.
(b) stillness.
(c) sometimes stormy and sometimes calm.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) stillness.

Question 3.
What do you mean by the word ‘keel’?
(a) the old form of the word hill.
(b) bottom of the sea.
(c) the bottom part of the ship.
(d) top of the rock.
Answer:
(c) the bottom part of the ship.

Question 4.
What did happen to the Inchcape Rock when there was low tide?
(a) fully visible.
(b) only its top was visible.
(c) not visible.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) only its top was visible.

Question 5.
What did happen to the Inchcape Rock when there was high tide?
(a) completely covered by seawater.
(b) only its top was visible.
(c) the rock moves away to one side of the sea.
(d) the rock floats on the sea like a ship.
Answer:
(a) completely covered by seawater.

Question 6.
What did happen to ships that could not see the Inchcape Rock?
(a) they could not move.
(b) they returned away.
(c) they got wrecked.
(d) they passed away in another direction.
Answer:
(c) they got wrecked.

Question 7.
What did Abbot do to save the ships from the wreckage?
(a) He fixed a red flag on the Rock.
(b) He fixed a bell that rang in an abnormal situation on the sea.
(c) He fixed a huge magnet to check the movement of the sea.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) He fixed a bell that rang in an abnormal situation on the sea.

Question 8.
When did the Inchcape bell ring?
(a) during the visit of a ship.
(b) during the low tide in the sea.
(c) during a storm or when the sea swelled.
(d) during the attack of sea pirates.
Answer:
(c) during a storm or when the sea swelled.

Question 9.
The ‘bell’ floated and swung on a_________.
(a) log.
(b) pole.
(c) pillar.
(d) buoy.
Answer:
(d) buoy.

Question 10.
The ‘bell’ worked as a________ to the ship
(a) information.
(b) warning.
(c) signal.
(d) sailing.
Answer:
(b) warning.

Question 11.
What do you mean by the word ‘buoy’?
(a) a flying object.
(b) a sinking object.
(c) a floating object.
(d) a moving object.
Answer:
(c) a floating object.

Question 12.
What do you mean by the words ‘surge’s swell’?
(a) rise of the ship on the rock.
(b) rise of the tidal waves.
(c) rise of the rock on the sea.
(d) rise of seawater on the banks.
Answer:
(b) rise of the tidal waves.

Question 13.
How the Inchcape Rock was hidden?
(a) by the low tide.
(b) by the darkness.
(c) by the clouds.
(d) by the high tide.
Answer:
(d) by the high tide.

Question 14.
Who did hear the warning bell?
(a) the sea pirates.
(c) the mariners.
(b) the visitors.
(d) the ship owners.
Answer:
(c) the mariners.

Question 15.
What do you mean by the word ‘mariners’?
(a) the engineers.
(b) the pirates.
(c) the sailors.
(d) the passengers.
Answer:
(c) the sailors.

Question 16.
How was the rock described by the boat?
(a) pleasures.
(b) disadvantageous.
(c) advantageous.
(d) perilous.
Answer:
(d) perilous.

Question 17. Who did bless Abbot?
(a) the visitors.
(b) the mariners.
(c) the ship owners.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the mariners.

Question 18.
‘Aberbrothok’ is associated with_________.
(a) the mariners.
(b) the Inchcape Rock.
(c) the ship.
(d) Abbot.
Answer:
(d) Abbot.

Unit – II
The test
Lines 17 to 40

The sun in heaven…………………. Abbot of Aberbrothok
Question 19.
The description of the sun in line 17 of the poem signifies :
(a) scorching sun.
(b) setting sun.
(c) rising sun.
(d) pleasant bright, sun.
Answer:
(d) pleasant bright, sun.

Question 20.
What does the screaming sound of sea birds signify?
(a) melancholy.
(b) joyance.
(c) a sight of horror.
(d) a bad day.
Answer:
(b) joyance.

Question 21.
How was the buoy of the Inchcape Bell seen on the sea?
(a) a brighter spot.
(b) a green speck.
(c) a darker speck.
(d) a white speck.
Answer:
(c) a darker speck.

Question 22.
Whose eye was fixed on the darker speck?
(a) the poets.
(b) the mariners.
(c) Sir Ralph’s.
(d) Pirates.
Answer:
(c) Sir Ralph’s.

Question 23.
What do you mean by the word ‘speck’?
(a) a very big spot.
(b) a very small spot.
(c) a bright spot.
(d) an invisible spot.
Answer:
(b) a very small spot.

Question 24.
What, according to the poet, the bright sun, screaming of birds and their joyance do signify?
(a) terrible summer.
(b) cheerful spring.
(c) the happy memory.
(d) unpleasant day.
Answer:
(b) cheerful spring.

Question 25.
Who was mirthful by the cheerful spring?
(a) the poet.
(d) the visitor.
(c) Sir Ralph.
(b) the mariner.
Answer:
(c) Sir Ralph.

Question 26.
What was the secrecy of Sir Ralph’s mirth?
(a) success.
(b) cheerful spring.
(c) wickedness.
(d) achievement.
Answer:
(c) wickedness.

Question 27.
What do you mean by the word ‘mirth’?
(a) delight.
(b) bad feeling.
(c) mourn.
(d) danger.
Answer:
(a) delight.

Question 28.
What did Sir Ralph want to do?
(a) to praise Abbot.
(b) to blame Abbot.
(c) to destroy Inchcape Rock.
(d) to earn a good name.
Answer:
(b) to blame Abbot.

Question 29.
What did he do to blame Abbot?
(a) stopped the bell ringing.
(b) cut the bell from the buoy.
(c) criticized Abbot in public.
(d) proved Abbot’s method was wrong.
Answer:
(b) cut the bell from the buoy.

Question 30.
What did Sir Ralph say after cutting the bell from the Inchcape Rock?
(a) everybody would praise him.
(b) he would fix a new bell.
(c) the next who comes to the Rock won’t bless the Abbot.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) the next who comes to the Rock won’t bless the Abbot.

Question 31.
What does the word ‘plague’ mean?
(a) cause pleasure.
(b) cause success.
(c) cause accident.
(d) cause pain.
Answer:
(d) cause pain.

Unit – III
The Text
Lines 41 to 68

Sir Ralph……………………ringing his knell
Question 32.
Sir Ralph was a ………………..
(a) ranger.
(b) rover.
(c) counselor.
(d) doctor.
Answer:
(d) doctor.

Question 33.
What did he do moving into the sea?
(a) visiting different places.
(b) discovering the things in the sea.
(c) plundering the ships for wealth.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) plundering the ships for wealth.

Question 34.
What did he do at last?
(a) enjoyed his days in the sea.
(b) returned to Scotland’s shore.
(c) crossed Inchcape safely.
(d) fulfilled his mission.
Answer:
(b) returned to Scotland’s shore.

Question 35.
How was the weather when Sir Ralph’s ship was near Scotland’s shore?
(a) dark, foggy, and stormy.
(b) bright, clear, and fine.
(c) cloudy, smoky, and semi-darkness.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) dark, foggy, and stormy.

Question 36.
But standing on the deck of the ship, Sir Ralph was hopeful of a clear day with the rising of_________.
(a) sun.
(b) stars.
(c) moon.
(d) a bright celestial object.
Answer:
(c) moon.

Question 37.
Why was the land not visible to the mariners of Sir Ralph’s ship?
(a) because of darkness.
(b) because they were far from the shore.
(c) because mariners had no microscope.
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(a) because of darkness.

Question 38.
But one of the mariners could hear the________.
(a) wreck of a ship.
(b) thunder on a ship.
(c) Inchcape Bell.
(d) sound of a sea animal.
Answer:
(c) Inchcape Bell.

Question 39.
At last, the ship lost its way and got wrecked hitting against________.
(a) the other ship.
(b) the Inchcape Rock.
(c) a huge sea animal.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the Inchcape Rock.

Question 40.
What did Sir Ralph do in despair?
(a) pray God.
(b) scolded his mariners.
(c) cursed himself.
(d) cursed Abbot.
Answer:
(c) cursed himself.

Question 41.
While dying in fear, Sir Ralph could hear a sound similar to________.
(a) band party drum.
(b) Thunder.
(c) sweet music.
(d) Inchcape Bell.
Answer:
(d) Inchcape Bell.

Question 42.
Who was in fact ringing this bell?
(a) Abbot.
(b) the Devil.
(c) Inchcape Bell.
(d) mariners.
Answer:
(b) the Devil.

Question 43.
What does the last line of the poem signify?
(a) death of Sir Ralph.
(b) end of his journey.
(c) a lesson taught to him.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) death of Sir Ralph.

Question 44.
Who is the author of the poem “Inchcape Bell”?
(a) Robert Frost.
(b) Robert Smith.
(c) Robert Stewart.
(d) Robert Southey.
Answer:
(d) Robert Southey.

Introducing The Poet :
Robert Southey was an English poet of the Romantic School, one of the so-called “Lake poets” and poet laureate for 30 years. His poems often told a story and were set in faraway lands. Although his fame has been long eclipsed by that of his contemporaries and friends William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey’s verse still enjoys some popularity.

Moreover, Southey was a prolific letter writer, literary scholar, essay writer, historian, and biographer. His biographies include the life and works of John Bunyan, John Wesley, William Cowper, Oliver Cromwell, and Horatio Nelson. The last has rarely been out of print since its publication in 1813 and was adapted for the screen in the 1926 British film, Nelson.

He was also a renowned Portuguese and Spanish scholar, translating a number of works from those two countries into English and writing both a History of Brazil (part of his planned History of Portugal which was never completed) and a History of the Peninsular War. Perhaps his most enduring contribution to literary history is the immortal children’s classic, The Story of the Three Bears, the original Goldilock story.

About The Poem :
The Inchcape Rock is based on the fact that a wicked man always pays the penalty in the long run. Here Sir Ralph the Rover is a case in point. He exhibits a common proverb – ‘As you sow, so you reap.” His wicked act of removing the bell from the perilous Inchcape Rock paved the way for his death. In short, Robert Southey hits at the cruel deed of Sir Ralph the Rover who perishes for the crime of removing the Inchcape bell and his unpardonable sins against humanity.

Summary:
The poem begins with a graphic description of calm nature. There is no movement either in the air or any roar in the sea. The ship is silent so also are her sails. The bottom part of the ship is steady in the ocean. There is no sign of any disaster. The poet takes us back to the Inchcape Rock, a perilous roof off the east coast of Scotland near the mouth of the river Tay. During sunny days it can be easily noticed but during a storm, the ship meets its death because of it. Here comes the role of benevolent the Abbot, of Aberbrothok. To tide over this problem, he places a bell on this rock. The bell can be heard loud and clean when the sea is rough and hence warn the sailors of their presence near the fatal Inchcape Rock.

Now a pirate called Sir Ralph the Rover emerges on the scene. It is spring. The bright sun and the loud sound produced by the sea birds create an atmosphere of joy. Meanwhile, Ralph caught sight of a very small spot which is the bell placed by the Abbot of Aberbrothok upon the dangerous rock. He cannot take his eyes off it. He deeply feels the exciting power of spring. Driven by merriment, he whistles and sings. His heart leaps in joy, but his delight gives way to mischief. His eyes are fixed on the Inchcape Rock. Tom by hatred, is keen on destroying the good name of the Abbot of Aberbrothok. Human nature dies hard. Ralph, out of malice towards the Abbot, commits the sin of removing the bell. As a result, it sinks down producing a low sound. The bubbles surface and bursts around.

With the bell gone, Ralph searches for the seas for many days and keeps on plundering the ships that meet with wrecks. He becomes rich again. His ship moves towards Scotland’s shore, but a dense fog stormy wind and darkness prevent Ralph and his mariners from seeing the land. But Sir Ralph does not lose his heart. He tries to give his sailors courage by saying that the moon will soon appear and they will be able to see, but in vain. The ship soon strikes the rock. Everybody sinks into despair. Ralph’s misery knows no end. He tears his hair and curses himself, but it is too late.

The poem ends on a note of tragedy. Ralph finds the ship sinking beneath the tide. In his dying fear, he can hear one fearful sound as if it was the warning sound of the Inchcape bell. It is as if the Devil below were ringing Ralph’s death knell.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାଟି ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ଶାନ୍ତ ସରଳ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ଏକ ଚିତ୍ରି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାରୁ । ସମୁଦ୍ରରେ କୌଣସି ଗର୍ଜନ ନ ଥିଲା କିମ୍ବା ନ ଥିଲା କିଛି ଚଳଚଞ୍ଚଳତା । ଜାହାଜ ଗତି କରି ଚାଲୁଥାଏ । ଧ୍ଵଂସର କୌଣସି ସଙ୍କେତ ନ ଥାଏ । କବି ଆମକୁ ନେଇଯାଆନ୍ତି ସ୍କଟଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡର ପୂର୍ବ ଉପକୂଳରେ ଥିବା ଘାତକ Inchcape Rock ନିକଟକୁ, ଯାହାକି ନିମ୍ନ ଜୁଆର ସମୟରେ ଉପରକୁ ଅଳ୍ପ ଦିଶେ ଓ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଜୁଆର ସମୟରେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୁଡ଼ିଯାଏ। Tay ନଦୀର ମୁହାଣରେ ଏହି Inchcape Rock ଥିଲା । ପାଣିରେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୁଡ଼ିଯାଇଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଅନେକ ଜାହାଜ ଏଥିରେ ବାଡ଼େଇ ହୋଇ ଖଣ୍ଡ ବିଖଣ୍ଡ ହୋଇଯାଏ । କାରଣ ଏହି ସମୟରେ ନାବିକମାନେ ଏହି Rockକୁ ଦେଖିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଏହି ସମସ୍ୟାକୁ ସମାଧାନ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଜଣେ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକ The Abbot of Abberbrothok ଏହି ପଥର ଉପରେ ଏକ ଭାସମାନ ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ବାନ୍ଧି ତା’ ଉପରେ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟି ରଖିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ସମୁଦ୍ର ଅଶାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଉଠେ ଏବଂ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଜୁଆର ହୋଇଥାଏ, ଏହି ଘଣ୍ଟି ହଲିଦୋହଲି ଏକ ସତର୍କ ଶବ୍ଦ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରେ ।

ଏହି ଘଣ୍ଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ଶୁଣି ନାବିକମାନେ ଜାହାଜକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ମାର୍ଗରେ ନିଅନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ମୃତ୍ୟୁରୁ ରକ୍ଷାପାଆନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ନାବିକମାନେ Abbotଙ୍କ ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟପାଇଁ ସହୃଦୟର ସହିତ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଜଣାନ୍ତି । ଦିନେ Sir Ralph the Rover ସେଇ ବାଟ ଦେଇ ଜାହାକ ଚଳାଇ ଆସୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ପଥର ଉପରେ ଭାସମାନ ବସ୍ତୁ ସହ ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ଘଣ୍ଟି ଦେଖିଲେ ଏବଂ ନାବିକମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ The Abbotଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ପ୍ରଶଂସା ଶୁଣିଲେ । ହିଂସାରେ ତାଙ୍କର ହୃଦୟ ଜଳିଉଠିଲା । ନିଷ୍ପଭି କଲେ The Abbot of Aberbrothokଙ୍କର ଏହି ସୁନାମକୁ ସେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଚୁର୍‌ମାର୍ କରିଦେବେ । ନାବିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ଜାହାଜକୁ ସେହି ଘଣ୍ଟି ପାଖକୁ ନେଇଯିବା ପାଇଁ । ସେଠାରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟିଟିକୁ କାଟିଦେଲେ । ତାହା କ୍ଷୀଣ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ବୁଡ଼ିଗଲା । Sir Ralph ତାକୁ ଚାହିଁ କହିଲେ – ଏଥର ଏଠିକି ଯେଉଁ ନାବିକମାନେ ଆସିବେ ସେମାନେ ଆଉ The Abbotଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିବେ ନାହିଁ । କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କ ଘଣ୍ଟି ଆଉ ଏଠି ନାହିଁ । ଏହି Inchcape ଘଣ୍ଟିକୁ ଧ୍ୱଂସ କରି ନିଜର ହୃଦୟର ନିଭୃତ କୋଣରେ ଅମାପ ଗର୍ବକୁ ବହନ କରି ଜାହାଜ ଆଗକୁ ନେଇ ଚାଲିଲେ Sir Ralph । ସେ ସମୁଦ୍ରରେ ଅନେକ ଦିନ ଭ୍ରମଣ କରି ଅନ୍ୟ ଜାହାଜମାନଙ୍କରୁ ପ୍ରଚୁର ଉପସ୍ଥିତି ଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ସକାଳେ କ୍ଷିପ୍ର ଗତିରେ ପ୍ରବହମାନ ବାୟୁର ଗତି ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାବେଳକୁ ସ୍ଥିର ହୋଇଗଲା । Sir Ralph ଡେକ୍ ଉପରେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇ ଚାରିଆଡ଼କୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ସେ କେଉଁଆଡ଼େ ବି ସ୍ଥଳଭାଗ ଦେଖିପାରିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତଥାପି ବି ସେ ନାବିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ନ ହେବାପାଇଁ କହିଲେ । ଆଶ୍ବାସନା ଦେଲେ ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଆଲୋକର ପ୍ରତୀୟମାନ ହେବ । କାରଣ ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଜହ୍ନ ଉଇଁବ ଓ ପରିଷ୍କାର ଦେଖାଯିବ ।

କେହି ଜଣେ ନାବିକ କହିଲେ ସେମାନେ ବୋଧେ Inchcape Rock ନିକଟରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଗଲେଣି । ଆଉ ଜଣେ ନାବିକ କହିଲେ ଯଦି ସେମାନେ Inchcape Rockର ସେହି ଘଣ୍ଟିର ଶବ୍ଦ ଶୁଣିପାରିଥା’ନ୍ତେ କି ? ଢେଉର କ୍ଷିପ୍ରତାରେ ଜାହାଜ ଆଗକୁ ମାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ଅନ୍ଧାରରେ କିଛି ଦେଖାଯାଉ ନ ଥାଏ । ଜାହାଜଟି ପିଟି ହୋଇଗଲା ଏକ ଶିଳାଖଣ୍ଡରେ ଏବଂ ଖଣ୍ଡ ବିଖଣ୍ଡିତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ନାବିକମାନେ ଚିତ୍କାର କରି ଉଠିଲେ – ହେ ଭଗବାନ ! ଏଇଟା ତ Inchcape Rock । Sir Ralph ନିଜ କୃତକର୍ମ ପାଇଁ ନିଜକୁ ନିନ୍ଦୁଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏଥିପାଇଁ ସମୟ ବହୁତ ବିଳମ୍ବ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲା । ସେ ସେଦିନ ଯଦି Inchcape Rockର ଘଣ୍ଟିଟିକୁ କାଟିଦେଇ ନ ଥା’ନ୍ତେ, ଓ ନାବିକମାନେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ମୃତ୍ୟୁମୁଖରୁ ରକ୍ଷା ପାଇପାରିଥା’ନ୍ତେ । Sir Ralphଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ତ ଚେଷ୍ଟା ବଞ୍ଚିବାପାଇଁ ବିଫଳ ହେଲା । ସେ ଅତଳ ସମୁଦ୍ରର ଗର୍ଭରେ ବୁଡ଼ିଗଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଏକ ଭୟଙ୍କର ଘଣ୍ଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ଶୁଣିଲେ, ସତେ ଯେପରି ତାହା Inchcape ଘଣ୍ଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ଥିଲା । ବୋଧହୁଏ ସାଗର ତଳ ଶୟତାନ ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟିଟିକୁ ବଜାଉଥଲା ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Personal Letters and Notes Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Personal Letters and Notes

The art of Writing Letters

Letters form an integral part of inter-personal communication. There are different tyeps of letters – personal letters which may be informal or casual, business letters, letters of public concern which appear in the newspapers, etc. which are formal in nature.
The name ‘personal letter’, generally refers to letters written to friends and relations. Such letters are usually full of news, and are usually written in conversational style. It has six parts :
1. The address of the sender
2. The date
3. The salutation or greeting
4. The body of the letter
5. The subscription or complimentary close
6. The signature

Let us look at these parts one by one.

1. The Address of the sender
This is written on the top right-hand comer of the page. Look at the punctuation.
For example,

181, Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar.

2. The date is written below the sender’s address

8 August 20

3. The salutation
When writing to a friend, address him by name :
Dear Sarat,
Not Dear friend Sarat.
If you are writing to the parents or brothers or sisters or intimate friends, you could write
My dear Father,
My dear Mummy, etc.
The punctuation after the salutation agrees with the punctuation of the sender’s address. A comma can be placed after the salutation if you have used commas in writing your address at the top.

4. The body of the letter.
This is the most important part of the letter. A good personal letter must be simple and pleasant to read. It is full of small details which appeal to the person you are writing to. The tone of the letter must be personal: you should write as you would speak to him if he were present before you.

5. The Subscription.
The most eomon form of closing a letter to a friend is

Yours sincerely
Yours sincere friend
Yours ever, etc.

To both friends and relations you can write

Yours affectionately

Some other closng phrases that can be used in personal letters

Ever sincerely
Yours
Your loving son
Love

6. The Signature
A letter to a friend or a close relation does not require your full signature. You should write only the first name, or the name by which you are known to the friend you are writing to : not

Sarat Kumar Mohanty
but only Sarat

7. The Address on the Envelope
Usually the address is written towards the lower half of the envelop leaving space at the top for stamps. The titles, Mr, Mrs and Ms are used before the names. Sometimes postcards are used to write personal letters. Then it is not necessary to use all the six parts in the letter. The date, the message and the signature or initials of the sender will be enough.

Activity 1

The following letter has a few errors. Correct them in order to improve the letter.

_______________
(Fill in the date)

From,
Mr. Ashok Kumar Das.
Mandara Bagicha Para.
Bhabanipatna.
To,
Mr, Biswanath Mishra.
420, Kalpana Flats.
Old Town, Bhubaneswar.
Dear friend
Well and wish to hear the same. In particular, I passed the examination in the first class. I am applying for admission in the local government college. What are your plans ? What college do you intend to join. Hope, you will successful. Thanking you.

I remain
Your sincere friend,
A. K. Das

You must have marked that there are errors in every part of the letter. Could you correct them ? Show the revised version to a friend of yours and discuss the points of revision. If necessary, ask your teacher.
Answer:
Revised letter

Mandar Bagicha Para
Bhawanipatna
14 Dec. 20

Dear Bisu,
I passed the examination in first class. I wish to hear the same in particular, from you. I am applying for admission in the local governmental college. What are your plans ? Which college do you intend to join ? Hope, you will be successful.

Yours sincerely,
Surendra

Biswanath Mishra
420, Kalpana Flats
Old Town, Bhubaneswar – 2

Errors in the first letter:
(1) The addresses and names of the receiver have been wrongly placed.
(2) Address (excluding the name) and date should be written on the top in the right-hand comer.
(3) Salutation – Dear friend is wrong.
(4) Sentences in the main part are not in order.
(5) They are replete with grammatical errors.
(6) Ending is wrong.
All these errors have been corrected in the above letter.

Activity 2

The two paragraphs are given below from the body of a personal letter. Do you find anything odd about them? One part of the letter has to be rewritten in order to make it sound personal and informal. Which part is it? Identify the part and rewrite it. “I have just returned after a wonderful holiday with you. I thought I should write to you immediately and tell you how I enjoyed every minute of my stay with you. Your cousins are such jolly companions and I will never forget the fun we had together. However, I shall be failing in my duty if I do not express my profound gratitude to your parents who spared no pains to extend warm hospitality to me during my stay there.”
Answer:
The second paragraph lacks substance in the context of a personal letter which is informal, but here it is formal to the core. The ending should be ‘the hospitality of your parents has moved me. I look forward to visiting your home and staying there for some time.’

Activity 3

(a)

Angul
24 April, 20

Dearest Jeje,
How are you? You haven’t come to see us for a long time. We are going to be in Angul all summer. Why don’t you visit us? We would love to have you.
Lots of love,
Yours.

(b)

Cuttack
20 October, 20_

Dear Kunu,
Thanks ever so much for asking me to your party. Of course, I’ll be there! And I look forward to staying the night with you.
Cheers!
Yours,
Sikta

(c)
Mr. and Mrs. Kundu request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their daughter Rani to Raja Mohanty at Nayapalli Kalyan Mandap, Bhubaneswar at
10.30 p.m. on March 16, 20.
R.S.V.P.

(d)

Sambalpur
15 May, 20_

Dear Omunu,
It was lovely hearing from my favorite grandson. Thank you, for inviting me to spend the summer with you but I’m afraid I have to go to Mumbai in June for a heart operation. If I’m all right, I’ll visit you in December.
All my love,

(e)

Sahid Nagar
Bhubaneswar
17 October. 20_

Dear Sikta,
Just a short note to say we’re having a party on Diwali night and were wondering if you could join us. You could stay the night with us if it gets late.
Do let us know soon.
Love,

(f)

Nayapalli
Bhubane swar
5.3.20__

Mr. and Mrs. R.K. Sahu thank Mr. and Mrs. Kundu for their kind invitation to the wedding of their daughter Rani on 16.3.2000 but regret their inability to attend, on account of a prior engagement

Which invitation and reply are the most formal? Why do you think so?
Answer:
a – d
b – e
c – f
Invitation ‘c’ and the corresponding reply ‘f are the most formal because they neither contain any salutation nor do they end with an expression of affection.

Activity 4

Look at the letters in activity 3 again. Which expressions in these letters can be used for the following purposes?
to open a letter ____________________________
to say thank you ____________________________
to close a letter ____________________________
to invite somebody ____________________________
to accept an invitation ____________________________
to decline (refuse) an invitation ____________________________
Answer:
to open a letter How are you? It was lovely hearing from you.
to say thank you Thank you for, thanks ever so much for
to close a letter Lots of love. Cheers! All my love.
to invite somebody Why don’t you visit us? Request the pleasure of your company. Wondering if you could join us.
to accept an invitation I look forward to
to decline an invitation I’m afraid I have. Regret their inability.

Activity 5

Work in pairs to produce letters of invitation to suit the situations suggested below.

(a) You are going on a holiday
to Ooty. You want to invite
a friend to come with you.

You are going away on holiday
day. Do you want to invite
someone to live in your
house while you are away.

You are starting a new
restaurant and you want
to invite some of your
friends to a party you are
arranging for the launch
of your new restaurant.

Send your letter to another pair of your classmates. Keep the layout below in mind while writing the letters.
(b)

Read the letters you get and decide whether you want to accept or decline the invitation. Then draft a reply, using the hints below :
(c)

Answer:
(a)

27, Krishna Nagar
Secunderabad
12.3.20

Dear Sameer,
How are you? It’s a long time since we met. This summer we are going to Ooty and will be spending the vacations there. We were wondering if you could join us at Ooty. We could all have an enjoyable time there.
Do let us know soon.
Love,
Sanjay

(b)

80, Kharavela Nagar
Bhubaneswar
2 January, 20

Dear Suman,
We would be very happy if you could join us for the dinner party on 12 January 2010 at 7.30 pm on the occasion of the launching of our new restaurant.
Do let us know soon.
Yours,
Sudhir,

(c)

Railway Colony
Mancheswar
Bhubaneswar
10.12.20

Dear Ravi,
How are you? When we met last time you were complaining about not having a quiet place to study. Would you like to have a whole house to yourself this summer? And a secluded one too. It would be great, isn’t it? Well, we are going to our granny’s for the whole summer. We would be very grateful if you could stay in our house while we are away. Our maidservant could cook for you and of course, Deepu will keep visiting you now and then to see what you need. Can you help?
Please let us know.
Love,
Mausi.

Replies:

(a)

Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.3.20

Dear Sanjay,
Thank you very much for inviting me to Ooty for the summer. I would love to come but I am afraid I cannot because I have already enrolled in a computer course which will continue during the vacation. I hope to come and meet you during Christmas. Hope you will enjoy yourself.
Your loving friend,
Sameer.

(b)

28, Kalpana Area
Bhubaneswar
5 January 20

Dear Sudhir,
Thank you very much for asking me to your party. I would love to be there to taste all the delicacies of your new restaurant. And by the way, Congratulations! You have succeeded in making your dream come true.
With Best Wishes,
Yours,
Suman

(c)

HA, B.J.B. Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.12.20

Dear Mausi,
Thank you very much for reposing so much confidence in me. I would have really liked to spend the summer at your place but I am afraid I cannot. Dad has already asked me to stay with him at Rourkela so that he can coach me in mathematics and science. I can’t put this off because I’ll have to appear for the entrance next month. Sorry to have disappointed you.
Your loving nephew,
Ravi

Activity 6

It is usual to send a ‘thank-you note’ when you receive an invitation, even if you do not want to accept the invitation. Draft a ‘thank-you note’ in reply to the invitation you received in Activity 5, which you may either accept or decline. Use the suggestions given below :

Answer:

Saheed Nagar
Bhubaneswar
18.3.20

Dear Prabhat,
Just a note to thank you for inviting me to spend the summer vacation at Ooty with your parents. It was so thoughtful and kind of you to do so. I am afraid I will be unable to join you because I am doing a computer course that will continue beyond the vacations. I hope you enjoy yourself thoroughly at Ooty. Anyway, excuse me for being unable to join you and convey the same to all.
Best Wishes,
Yours,
Submit.

Activity 7

Read the letter below, and write two similar letters of invitation.
(a) to an elderly aunt, asking her to visit you for the Dussera Festival:
(b) to a young nephew, asking him to stay for the month of June.

Answer:

Plot No. 201
Apamanagar
Chauliaganj
2 September

Dear Aunty,
If you have not made plans for your Dushera holidays this year, perhaps you would like to come and stay with us at Cuttack. It is a long time since we met and all my family members would like to see you again. During your stay here, we shall enjoy the famous puja festival here to the brim. Do come. We look forward to seeing you.
Yours affectionately,
Sarika

Saheednagar
Plot No. 202
Bhubaneswar
1 December 20

Dear Ravi,
I am happy to learn that your examination is over. Your school will be closed for a month. Instead of staying there, I would like you to come here for a month. I am sure you will have a wonderful time in our midst.
We look forward to meeting you soon,
Your affectionate uncle,
Sarbeswar

Activity 8

Study the letter below as a model letter of refusal.

Write two similar letters of refusal,
(a) because your sister (brother) is going into hospital;
(b) because you have arranged to go on holiday.

Answer:
(a)

Shantivihar
Plot No 105
1 September 20

Dear Aunty,
I am happy to learn that you have invited me to the Dussera festival with you. I am indeed thrilled. I would like to accept your invitation, but I am sorry that I cannot go to you. Unfortunately, my sister is going to the hospital every day for physiotherapy in connection with his acute ankle problem. This will continue for another month. I accompany her every day. I do hope you will realize my problem, and accuse me of declining your warm invitation.
Yours affectionately,
Rahul

(b)

Vinay Mahal
Main Road
Jatni
14 June 20

Dear Mohan,
Thank you very much for your invitation to lunch next Monday. I would like to accept it, but we have arranged much in advance to go on a holiday to some important places in India. We are leaving at 1 p.m. the very same day. I am sure you will understand my predicament and excuse me for not attending your lunch.
Yours sincerely,
Subrat

Activity 9

Imagine that you are writing to some friends from a well-known holiday resort and write a few sentences describing the weather, food, etc. You can choose suitable adjectives from the list below.

cold	delicious	boring	friendly	hot	awful
exciting	rude	nice	interesting	spicy	sunny
windy	beautiful	helpful	warm

Answer:

Panth Nivas
Pun
12.05.20

Dear Varun,
We arrived here today rather late in the night as the train was running late. However, we were given a warm reception by the Panth Nivas staff who served us spicy hot tandoori chicken and roil As we sit here in the open-air restaurant we can hear the roar of the waves background and the moonlight creating beautiful shadows on the casuarina trees that line the beach. It is a very pleasant, though a windy night. I can’t wait to sleep and get up early tomorrow to watch the sunrise. I am nervous with excited.
I hope to write to you again.
Love,
Suresh

Activity 10

Here is some pictures. Use the sentences which follow the pictures to write a letter to accompany each picture. Choose a beginning, a middle, and an end from among the ones given on the next page.

The beginning :

The middle :

The end:

Answer:
(1)

Sterling Resort
Doda Valley, Kashmir
12.05.20

Dear Rabi,
We arrived safely in Kashmir on Monday evening after a hectic bus journey. The weather is fantastic and the scene all around is snow-covered mountain peaks. Exhilarating! Truly it is a paradise on earth. Unfortunately, however, I broke my leg skiing yesterday. Now I can’t walk and I have to stay in the hotel all day. It’s extremely boring and I can’t stand lying down on the bed and reading books the whole day while others enjoy themselves. Anyway, we are going back home on Thursday.
Love,
Ratha

Answer:
(2)

Panth Nivas
Puri
12.05.20

Dear Miti and Niki,
Here we are on the beach!
It’s terrible here! It’s hot and there are thousands of people everywhere. There’s no place where you can have some privacy. The food is awful.
Will be back home on Saturday. Thank goodness!
Best wishes,
TitI

Answer:
(3)

Yemen
12.01.20

Dear Umesh,
This hill station is wonderful! The weather is gorgeous, the people are very friendly and the food is delicious. Yesterday, we went to a carpet market like the one in the picture. It was extremely beautiful.
I don’t want to come home!
Love,
Ramakanta

Activity 11

Here are some more pictures. Choose one and imagine that you have gone there for a holiday. What would you write to your friends about this place? You can write about:
– the people
– the food
– what you did/saw yesterday
– something interesting that happened to you

Answer:
(1)

Paris
10.10.20

Dear Pulin,
Paris is wonderful!
The weather is just fantastic. The food is bland and the people very helpful. The scenes and sights are extremely beautiful. Yesterday we had been to the Eiffel Tower which you can see in the picture. It is the most important landmark of Paris.
Will be back home on Tuesday.
With Best wishes,
Priya

Answer:
(2)

Rourkela
2.1.20

Dear Sukant,
Greetings from Rourkela!
Our tour of the steel plant proved disastrous. A fire broke out in the smelting plant and we had to vacate the premises immediately. That was a horrifying experience. The whole town is full of smog, and that makes it terribly hot and sticky out here. I can’t wait to get back home.
Love,
Supreeti

Answer:
(3)

Bombay
10.05.20

Dear Kuni,
We are here in Bombay!
The weather is hot and sultry and the city is extremely crowded. The food is very bad and not at all to our taste. However, it’s a wonderful shopping center here. Cotton is damn cheap.
Will be back home on Sunday.
Love,
Kusum

Activity 12

A. You will find the letter of a famous person below. Which of the people mentioned below the letter could have written the letter? Why do you think so?

(a) Neil Armstrong, the first person on the moon.
(b) Florence Nightingale, the famous Nurse in the Crimean War.
(c) Edmund Hillary, the first person to climb Mount Everest.
(d) Christopher Columbus in America
(e) Ronald Amundsen, the first person to reach the South Pole.
Answer:
Edmund Hillary, was the first person to climb Mount Everest and put up his country’s national flag on its top.

B. Now imagine that you are some other person (from the list of names above) and write a letter to a friend. Work in pairs. Do not sign your name. You can write about :
– the place
– the weather
– the food
– the people
– what you have done
– some things very interesting

When you are ready, give your letter to another pair. They have to guess who it is from.
Answer:
(a)

20 July, 20

Dear Bathsheba,
We landed here on the moon yesterday. It’s cold and eerie here with no gravitational pull. Today with my space suit on, I took a walk or rather jumped all over the moon’s surface collecting rock and soil samples. The silence is frightening.
Already feeling homesick.
Love,
Neil.

(b)

21 Oct., 20

Dear Roberts,
The war is getting bloodier day by day. Thousands of dead bodies lie on the battlefield, their stench filling the air. Tending to be sick and dying; almost every minute of the day is exhausting but I am glad to be of help to the soldiers.
Hoping that the war will end soon.
Cheer up.
Florence.

(d)

America
July 20

Dear Christina,
Landed here on Sunday. The land here is virgin and wild. There are dangerous-looking Indians here wearing colorful head-dresses. But there is nothing to fear. They flee at the sound of our guns being shot.
Missing you.
Yours,
Columbus.

(e)

South Pole
Feb 20

Dear Victor,
Made it! It’s extremely cold here and the food’s frozen but the sacrifices are small considering the achievement. Yesterday we sighted some polar bears. Fishes are plentiful. The vast desert of snow and mountains makes me lonely.
Missing you.
Yours,
Ronald.

Activity 13

A. Sometimes you can send a short letter to give a friend some news. Ravi Kumar has just moved house and he wants to give his friends his new address. His letter is given below, but some parts are missing. What do you think he wrote? Complete the letter.

Answer:

Kalpana Flats
Old Town
Bhubaneswar
26th November

Dear Niki,
I’m sorry I haven’t written for a long time. How are you? We have just moved house from Uttara Chhak to the Kalpana Flats. Our new address is given above. Tika has joined her new school. She finds it quite exciting. Some of her classmates from the old school have also joined her. So she has friends too and is enjoying herself. Otherwise, life is just the same. I get up, I go to school, I eat, I sleep, and I get up. Very boring.
Anyway, write soon and do visit us when you can.
Best wishes,
Kunu

B. Imagine that you have not seen the other students in your class for a long time. Write a letter to one of them. Tell him/her how you are and give some news about yourself. (You can invent something if you like. For example, you have won Rs. 10,000 in a lottery or you are going on a long trip to Delhi.) You can begin as follows :
Dear ………………………………..,
How are you? I haven’t seen you for such a long time …………………………………..,
Answer:

68, Metro Towers
Acharya Vihar
Bhubaneswar
30th Sept. 20

Dear Lovely,
How are you? I haven’t seen you for such a long time. Why haven’t you come to the classes for three weeks? Are you sick? A lot of progress has been made in Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. Mrs. Das our Maths teacher has retired in the mean time school and another new teacher has joined the school in her place. She’s young and beautiful and she teaches well too. Well, you’ll be surprised to know that I have won first prize in the Debate Competition. Pratik stood second and Namrata third. I received prize money of 3000 rupees. Daddy is going to buy me a Yamaha synthesizer with it. Of course, he is going to add more than 1000 to it. That’s going to be my birthday gift. I can’t wait to get it and show it to you. Do write to me at the earliest and let me know if I can do anything for you.
Missing you a lot.
Love,
Pallavi.

Activity 14

(a) Using the following clues draft an invitation :
Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnaik — eldest son Zubin — Enu — daughter of Mr. K. Mohantv — Purunapara. Bhawanipatna — Wednesday, 7 February, 20 — 8 a.m. — the bride‘s residence — reception — Thursday, 8 February — 7 p.m. — their residence — Mandar Bagichapara, Bhawanipatna. R.S. V.P.
(b) A neighbor, who is not very good at writing letters, asks for your help to reply to the invitation above. He would like to attend the wedding. Draft a reply for him.
(c) Your father has been invited to the wedding by Mr. and Mrs. Pattnaik. But as he has to go to Delhi on some urgent business, he is unable to attend the wedding. He has asked you to reply to the invitation as he has no time. Draft a reply.

Answer:
(a)
Mrs and Mr S. Pattnaik
request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of their eldest son Zubin with Enu, the daughter of Mrs. and Mr. K. Mohanty of Purunapara, Bhawanipatna on Wednesday, 7 February, 20_ at 8.00 a.m. in the bride’s residence and thereafter to the reception at our residence (Mandarba, Gichapara, Bhawanipatna) on Thursday, 8 February 20…, at 7.00 p.m.

R.S.V.P.

(b)

Acharya Vihar
Bhubaneswar
3.2.20

Mr. and Mrs. B. K. Sahu thank Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnaik for their kind invitation to the wedding of their eldest son, Zubin on 7.2.20 and reception thereafter on 8.2.20. They would be indeed very happy to attend the wedding and the reception thereafter.

(c)

Niladrjvjhar
Plot No. 168
13 January 20

Mr. and Mrs. B. K. Mishra thank Mr. and Mrs. S. Pattnajk for their kind invitation to the wedding of their eldest son Zubin on 7.2.20(XJ but regret their inability to attend on account of a prior business engagement in Delhi.

Activity 15

Satrupa telephones her friend Anusuya. Anusuya’s brother Prakash takes the call. Here is the conversation.
Prakash : 1-yellow, this is 2543867.
Satrupa : Good morning. Is that Prakash? Satrupa here.
Prakash : Morning. Stupa. How are you?
Strupa : Oh, fine. Can I speak to Anusuya, please?
Prakash : Sorry, I am afraid she’s not around. She has gone to a friend’s house. Any message?
Strupa : Yes, you see there is a beautiful film on at the Maharaja. Use bought two tickets for the afternoon show for Anusuya and myself. The show begins at 3 p.m. Everyone says the opening scene is not to be missed. If Anusuya
doesn’t turn up on time, I’ll have to go in.
Prakash : Where did you say the film was?
Satrupa : At the Maharaja. Near Acharya Vihar.
Prakash : All right, I’ll give her the message.
Satrupa : Thanks, Prakash. Bye.
Prakash : Bye.

Anusuya does not return by 10 a.m. and as Prakash has to go to college, he leaves a note for his sister. Imagine that you are Prakash. Now write the note using the clues given below.

Anusuya,
Satrupa ______________________, _____________, ___________ two tickets _________. wants you __________. ____________ _________ till 2.45 p.m. If _____________________. Prakash

Answer:
Anusuya,
Satrupa had rung you this morning. She has bought two tickets for the afternoon show at the Maharaja. She wants you to join her. She will wait outisde the hall till 2.45 p.m. If you do not turn up, she will have to go in.
Prakash

Activity 16

Sikta was alone at home when the postman came. She ran up to the gate and talked to him.
Sikta : Good afternoon, Postman Uncle.
Postman: Good afternoon, Sikta. Is your daddy in?
Sikta : No, unice. He hasn’t returned from the office.
Postman: When do you think he’ll return?
Sikta : Around 7.30 p.m. Do you have anything for him?
Postman: Yes, A fat registered parcel.
Sikta : Where is it from?
Postman: I think it’s from EFLU, Hyderabad.
Sikta : I see. It must be important. Can I receive the parcel on my daddy’s behalf?
Postman: I’m sorry. It can’t be given to anyone else. Tell your daddy to collect it
tomorrow. I’ll be at the Post Office from 2 to 3 p.m.
Sikta : Okay, uncle. I’ll tell him to collect the parcel tomorrow. Bye.
Postman: Bye.

Sikta writes down the note for her father lest she should forget. She begins thus :
Daddy,
The postman came this afternoon around 5.30 pm. He had _____________________ Sikta.
Now complete the note.

Answer:
Daddy,
The postman came this afternoon around 5.30 p.m. with a fat registered parcel possibly from EFLU, Hyderabad for you. I asked him if I could receive it on your behalf, but he declined. He asked you to collect it from the Post Office from 2 to 3 pm.
Sikta

Activity 17

Write a note based on the following conversation as Ashutosh would report it to his father.

Asutosh : Good afternoon. Who would you like to speak to?
Stranger : I’m Satya Mohanty from Ritz Travels. I’ve come to see your father, Mr. Saroj Patnaik. He wanted me to call on him to discuss his travel plans to the States.
Asutosh : I’m afraid he won’t be back until the day after tomorrow. He had gone to Bangalore for a meeting. But I’ll let him know you called.
Mr Mohanty : Please do so and give him these forms. He should fill them in as early as possible. If he wants to travel in May, he must apply for a passport and a visa immediately. It usually takes three months to get everything ready.
Asutosh : Thank you, Mr. Mohanty. Fil gives him your message and the forms. I’ll also ask him to call you as soon as he comes.
Mr Mohanty : Thank you. Goodbye.
Asutosh : Goodbye, Mr. Mohanty.

Answer:
Daddy,
Satya Mohanty from Ritz Travels had come to see you. He wanted to meet you to discuss your travel plans to the States. When I said that you wouldn’t be back till the day after tomorrow, he left these forms for you to fill in and apply for the passport immediately if you want to travel in May. In this view, it usually takes three months to get everything ready. I also told him that I would tell you to call him back when you return.
Asutosh