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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Exposition Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Exposition

Expository Writing

Exposition is an orderly presentation of facts and ideas. It exposes or shows. All exposition is informative. In an exposition, you answer various questions that might be asked of an object, an event, or an idea – questions like these:
What is it?
What does it consist of?
What is it for?
How is it put together?
What good is it?
What does it mean?
What is the cause of it?
What will be the result of it?
There are several methods of writing an exposition of these, exposition by definition and exposition the rough analysis are the most important.

Activity 31

Develop paragraphs of your own, using the following plans. The given topic should form part of the opening sentence.
(a) Topic: There were several things I liked (disliked) about my high school.
Sentence 1: Topic sentence
Sentences 2, 3, 4, 5: The things I liked (disliked)
Sentence 6: Conclusion

(b) Topic: It is easier for someone to express himself in speech than in writing.

Answer:
(a) There were several things I liked in my high school. Firstly, we had good teachers who not only taught us well but were also very friendly with us. Secondly, we were never burdened with homework. Instead, we were asked to read what was taught in the class at home. Thirdly, there were a lot of extra-curricular activities which helped in developing our personality. Finally, we had an Old Boys Association which helped us keep in touch with our classmates and to know about the development of our school. Thus, my high school was really unique in many ways.

(b) Is it easier for someone to express himself in speech than in writing? Or is writing easier than speech? Linguists are divided in their views. Some say that speech is easier than writing because one learns to speak spontaneously without having to attend school. They also argue that speech takes less time to learn than writing. Others, however, dispute these views.

They contend that writing is easier than speech because it involves graphic images which the child can easily learn even before imitating speech. They also are of opinion that writing is accessible to speech-disadvantaged children and therefore, more universal. Thus, linguists are equally divided over the question of which is easier, speech or writing.

Activity 32

Write a paragraph on each of the following topics, using Chesterton’s model at page 39.
(a) Types of students
(b) Types of teachers
(c) Kinds of books we read
(d) Kinds of friends

Answer:
(a) Types of students :
Roughly speaking, there are three kinds of students in our college. The first may be called bookworms. They can always be seen pouring over books in the library when they travel by bus while having food and so on. This kind has no interest in games and most often they love to be indoors rather than play outside. The second sort may be called truants. These students take pleasure in not attending classes. They bunk college, go to films, play cricket and create a nuisance on the campus.

To them, we owe all the strikes and indiscipline in the college. The third kind is called Casanova’s. You can see them talking in hushed whispers with girls under a tree, in the corridors, accompanying them to the bus stop, or shadowing others who are not yet in their hold. The studies are secondary and they end up as unemployed youth who dream of their golden day in college.

(b) Types of teachers :
There are different types of teachers. Firstly, there are teachers who are dedicated to the core. They inspire their students to reach newer heights in the future. Their devotion to teaching is matchless. Secondly, there are teachers who just teach students for the sake of teaching. They are never serious about it. They lack dedication to their profession. Thirdly, there are those who pretend to be ideal teachers. They are dull. They always aim at earning money by paying lip service to their profession. These teachers bring disgrace to society.

(c) Kinds of books we read :
Books are of many types but they can be generally divided into good and bad. Good books are man’s most important teachers. They instruct and entertain, make men wise and ignorant, men of knowledge. Bad books, on the other hand, waste men’s time and introduce evil thoughts into their minds. They neither enlighten the mind nor broaden the imagination in the right direction. Thus good books ought always to be chosen over bad ones.

(d) Kinds of friends :
We have friends of several kinds. First, there is gossip. He can never keep our secrets and always lets us down by telling everything about us to others. Second, there is the coward. He is seldom able to stand on his own feet but that is not any danger. Keep him in the team for any enterprise and he’ll take off whenever he smells any danger to himself. Third, there is the flatterer. He always sings your praises and never tells you the truth. He is neither dependable nor trustworthy. He stays with one as long as he profits from his company and then he changes loyalty. Fourth, there is the slanderer.

This kind of friend feigns friendship but behind your back, he talks ill of you. Then there is the follower. This kind rarely takes his own initiative in doing anything for you. He’s a good supporter, a loyal disciple but you can’t hand him any responsibility and sit quietly. He needs nudging and guiding. There’s yet another kind called the parasite. He feeds on you, eats of you, borrows your notes, your money, your cycle, etc. He is always dependable. Finally, there is the one and only true friend. He is rare to find. But this is the kind of friend who is dependable, responsible, and trustworthy.

Activity 33

1. Write a paragraph ending with the sentence: “I’m afraid I didn’t like the film at all and wouldn’t recommend it to anyone.”
2. Write a short paragraph beginning with the sentence: “I had a very happy childhood.”
3. Write separate paragraphs from the point of view of the taxi driver and the truck driver, using the following outline. An accident between a truck and a taxi – an old man was killed – a buffalo was seriously injured – a policeman arrived on the scene – a doctor drove the dead body to the hospital.
4. Write a paragraph to be included in a letter to a pen-friend telling him/her how you celebrate Diwali.

Answer:
(1) Refugee is not worth watching. Its story is a stock one: Laila-Majnu, Romeo-Juliet like and perhaps borrowed from Daruwalla’s “Love in the Salt Desert.” There is no life in Abhishek Bacchan’s acting. As for action, there is not much that it has to boast off. Walking like a shepherd with a staff in his hand and a band around his head. Bacchan evokes pity rather than empathy, he does not inspire and he does not display much emotion, seems so wooden. Besides, photography, music, and choreography aren’t great either. In short, I’m afraid I didn’t like the film at all and wouldn’t recommend it to anyone.

(2) I had a very happy childhood. Father, Mother, Grandpa, and Grandma, all of us lived together. Every morning, Grandma would play with me and tell me tales. In the evening Grandpa would take me on walks and in the night I used to huddle in my mother’s lap and sleep. Those days were wonderful. It was all play and no work, no worries, no fears, only love. And every summer we went off to Puri to frolic in the sun and sand, I wasn’t afraid of the sea. Daddy put me on his shoulders and walked into the sea. The smell of the surf and the thundering of the waves excited me then as it excites me now. Truly I can never forget the joys of my childhood days.

(3) The Truck-driver’s point of view: It was almost noon as I carried a truckload of bricks to be delivered at the Institute of Physics. I was on N.H.5 and had already neared Acharya Vihar Square. I was to take a right turn at the square to get into the road leading to Sainik School. Traffic was thin and a buffalo was standing right in the turn and urinating. A taxi was coming from the Sainik School road. I put on the dippers indicating a left turn. I slowed down as I had to avoid the buffalo.

Suddenly, the taxi emerged, flashing its lights. I had already taken the turn while the taxi was speeding straight ahead. I applied the brakes but the vehicle did not halt because of the load. Instead, it careened past the taxi, hit an old man standing serenely and rammed into the ditch beside the N.H.5. My head hit the steering wheel and I became unconscious. When I woke up I was in the capital hospital. The Taxi driver’s point of view: I was returning from Sainik School after dropping a fare.

It was noon and I was supposed to pick up my little children from the convent school. I should have been there by 11.30 a.m. but it was already half an hour behind. Hence I was rushing with thoughts of my children waiting hungrily at school. As I was approaching Acharya Vihar Square, I saw a truck coming toward me. It was turning into the road. I was in a hurry. I did not want to wait till the truck had turned and so did not slow down my speed.

Instead, I flashed my headlights requesting priority of way but the adamant truck driver did not heed to my signal, it was turning. I applied the brakes but it was too late, I rammed into- a buffalo, swerved sharply to the right, grazed past the rear of the truck’s body, and then hit a telephone pole against which the car stopped. Fortunately, I escaped unhurt with only minor pain in my back. But then my problems were, not over. A policeman arrived from nowhere, accosted me, and asked me to get out of the car.

Meanwhile, people who were crowded around informed us that an old man had fallen down unconscious. There was a doctor among them and he suggested that we take him to the hospital. As the old man was brought to my taxi, the doctor noted that he had already died. However, I requested the doctor to keep quiet and immediately drove to the hospital with the dead body. I was lucky not to have been manhandled by people. But I must say it is all the truck driver’s fault. I did not kill the old man.

(4) Paragraph included in the letter

121, Kharavel Nagar,
Bhubaneswar
20 August 20

Dear Joseph,
Greeting from India!
I received your letter and your picture postcard at the same time. I will cherish the card for a long time to come. The picture of the Millennium Dome is crystal clear. It looks very beautiful. Well, you had written to me about how everyone in England celebrates Guy Fawkes day. You did have a lot of fun, really. I could see that from your letter. Do you know, here, back in India we too celebrate something similar to Guy Fawkes? There it commemorates the gunpowder plot but in India, we celebrate a festival called Diwali, the festival of lights.

It symbolizes the victory of good over evil, of light over darkness commemorating the victory of the forces of Shri Rama over the evil forces of Ravana. The festival falls every year in the month of October or November. On that day, we offer Puja to Shri Rama, distribute sweets among friends and neighbors and prepare for the night. We purchase crackers of all sorts and dry them in the sun. We also prepare wick lamps. The lamps and wicks are purchased from the market.

Then oil is poured into the lamps and the wick is set on it. These are then kept in a row on terraces, the boundary wall, on window sills, and everywhere where there is space to keep them. When night falls, these lamps are lit. There must be thousands and thousands of lamps lit in every house, in every street, town, city, district, and state. The house is thus lit like a Christmas tree. It looks beautiful and gay. After this starts the ceremony of lighting fire-crackers. Everyone, from a child to an old man enjoys lighting fire-crackers and bursting them.

This goes on till the last hours of the morning. Often, Diwali is celebrated for two days. Of course, one of these days is only declared a national holiday but then there is no holding back for persons who enjoy Diwali. They take leave and enjoy this festival. This reminds of Guy Fawkes day, isn’t it? Well, do write to me about how you celebrate Christmas. I am eager to hear from you.

With warm regards.
Your loving friend,
Subrat Das.

Activity 34

Do you have friends whose mothers are working? What problems do they have? Put these problems in the blanks in the list ‘
1. Getting pampered
2. Bad company
3. Neglecting studies
4. Aggressive attitude
5. Too much TV
6. Psychological problems.
7. Widening communication gap
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Answer:
They have a widening communication gap.
They have psychological problems.
They are getting pampered.
They neglect studies.
They have bad company.

The list below contains some advantages that children of working mothers enjoy.
Now think of other advantages and add them to the list. Are these advantages real? If not, why?
1. Complete freedom
2. No nagging for homework
3. Enjoy yourself freely
4. Have full privacy
5. Gain in confidence
6. Be more, independent
7. Do what you like
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Answer:
These advantages are not real, because, without the mother’s presence at this stage, the children never feel the importance of their formative years which shape their future in a great measure.
They develop adaptability. 
They develop a sort of creativity.
They are free from worries.

Now write a passage of 2 or 3 paragraphs on ‘ Working mothers and their children
2. Dear ………………..,
My mother started working seven years ago. My first problem is that I have to keep ringing her up to find things in the house. Second, living with a ten-year-old sister is not as easy as it seems. My younger sister is supposed to take permission from me, but most of the time she doesn’t listen to me. Then I get angry and she rings up my mom who scolds me. Third, I don’t really have much freedom because I have to call my mother to take her permission. She has placed so many restrictions on me that I feel caged in. Fourth, Let me confess that at home I listen to music, watch TV and spend a lot of time with my friends, neglecting my studies. Besides, although my parents never pamper me, they always pamper my sister, my be because she is much younger. Very often I feel neglected when they do that. Lastly, I really wish that my mother or father were at home, especially some months before the boards.
3. Dear…………………,
I think it’s the best way. I don’t think I’d like to see more of my parents at home. I like my free time. At home I read, listen to music, fiddle around with the computer, play badminton and tennis, and even I have started writing because I don’t have any other entertainment. The other definite plus is that 1 get my own privacy, and I have also become more independent, in fact, when my maternal or paternal grandparents come over, then I feel closed in somehow. Since I do my own things, I am pretty confident about everything. But having someone at home is obviously a big advantage. I can never tell myself to study. I often wish my mother were at home to tell me
and help me. Worst of all, 1 waste a lot of my time worrying about security and about meals.

Answer:
Passage 3 throws light on the impact of a working mother on her child. Here the latter likes to be away from its parents. At home, the child enjoys reading, listening to music, playing badminton and tennis, and so on. Lack of any other entertainment makes the child start writing something. The most remarkable thing about it is its own privacy. As a result of its working mother, the child somewhat develops | closeness with its maternal or paternal grandparents. It becomes confident still, the child wishes the mother were at home for help. Worrying about security and about meals takes a lot of its time.

Activity 35

Read the following letters published in an issue of India Today. These letters \ tell us what is wrong with sports in India.

(a) The story on Indian sports (“A Shocking Mess”, August 15) reveals only the tip of the problem. Officialdom and corruption have so spoiled our system that every effort is made to stall an achievement. While sportsmen live like beggars, deprived of quality gear, the managers live like kings.
R. SINGH, NEW DELHI

(b) With neither motivation nor money to galvanize them, it’s no wonder that many players bid goodbye to sports once they get a sound footing elsewhere. It is high time that those who actually know about different sports are appointed at the helm of affairs.
MANI NATRAJAN, CHENNAI

(c) The fact that only 22 of the 46 probables for the hockey team reached the coaching camp shows the lack of commitment of the players. Though official mismanagement can be blamed, the athletes have to accept part of the responsibility.
B.C. PRAKAS, BANGALORE’

(d) If the story on India’s preparation for the Hiroshima Games had been published a year or two ago, it might have had some effect. To an extent, it is this lack of media coverage of sports, other than cricket and tennis, that is also responsible for India’s debacle in various events. MANISH PATHAK, NEW DELHI

(e) The sports mess is hardly surprising. After all, sports are also managed by the bureaucracy and the bigwigs. Like other plans and programs they implement, how could they deviate from their time-honored practice here – plan with fanfare, implement with nonchalance, forget the monitoring, and don’t worry about the results?
K G JAIN, NEW DELHI

(i) Read the letters again and make a list of the factors that are responsible for the sorry state of Indian sport is in.
(ii) If possible, think of and add your own points to the list.
(iii) Try to write 3 or 4 sentences on each point.
(iv) Write a short paragraph incorporating suggestions for improvement This should ideally conclude your topic. Now write on the topic “The Sorry State of Indian Sports.”

Answer:
Indian sports is in an extremely sorry state today. It is plagued by manifold problems to which there seems no end in sight. Officialdom and corruption have tarnished our sports bodies so much so that, every achievement is stalled. Moreover, while officials grab the limelight and the financial benefits accruing from an event, sportspersons who made it all possible, are handed over the crumbs. With such a state of affairs presiding, our sportsmen do not have any motivation to shine.

Leave alone prize money, they are often not even paid their due. And so, when they get a good job, they bid goodbye to the sports that they so much loved. After all, they also have to earn their livelihood to feed their families. Budding talents too are not spared. Companies would rather have an established player endorse their products than choose a greenhorn. As a result, young sportspersons take the help of their parents, friends, and relatives to hone their skills at meets both at home and abroad.

But when the money they had diminished to a trickle, they turn their back on sports and look for other options. Besides, the media is at fault too. Come cricket or tennis and they run to cover it. What about football, hockey, polo, kabaddi, handball, basketball, Choko, badminton, table tennis, chess, etc? Are they receiving equal coverage? This is a question that is better not asked by the media. They would shrink and then vanish. Then there’s the ubiquitous red-tapism of the bureaucracy and the official bigwigs.

Their plans for the development of sports in the country sound grand, but they are seldom implemented. They go “bang”, and “bang” in speeches but their implementation always ends in a whimper. However, all blame cannot be laid at the doors of others. Sportspersons too are responsible for this state of affairs. They lack commitment and professionalism. A foreign trip is coveted more for the glamour and the sightseeing than as an opportunity to bring home medals.

Most often, groups lack team spirit and this is very obvious in their game. How can these problems be solved? It is easier said than done. Solutions may be suggested but who will implement them? First, perhaps there should be an attitudinal change among the people who run the sports in this country. They should take it seriously as something concurring with national honor and national pride. Secondly, eminent sportspersons should run sports bodies.

Third, sportspersons must be encouraged by monetary rewards, and their achievements recorded and honored by sports bodies as well as the government. Fourth, the government must ensure the sponsorship of budding talents for national and international meets. Fifth, media coverage should be given equally to all sports and finally, sportspersons must be inspired to total commitment and professionalism. If and only when these changes are implemented in India, will the scene of Indian sports change for the better?

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(l) Textbook Exercise questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Exercise 9(l)

Question 1.
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)sin¹⁰ θ dθ
Solution:
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)sin¹⁰ θ dθ = \(\frac{9}{10} \cdot \frac{7}{8} \cdot \frac{5}{6} \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\) = \(\frac{405 \pi}{7680}\)

Question 2.
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos¹² θ dθ
Solution:
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos¹² θ dθ = \(\frac{11}{12} \cdot \frac{9}{10} \cdot \frac{7}{8} \cdot \frac{5}{6} \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\) = \(\frac{4455 \pi}{92160}\)

Question 3.
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)sin¹¹ θ dθ
Solution:
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)sin¹¹ θ dθ = \(\frac{10}{11} \cdot \frac{8}{9} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{3840}{4455}\)

Question 4.
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos⁹ θ dθ
Solution:
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos⁹ θ dθ = \(\frac{8}{9} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{384}{405}\)

Question 5.
\(\int_0^1 \frac{x^7}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 6.
\(\int_0^1 \frac{x^5\left(4-x^2\right)}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 7.
\(\int_0^a x^3\left(a^2-x^2\right)^{\frac{5}{2}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 8.
\(\int_0^1 x^5 \sqrt{\frac{1+x^2}{1-x^2}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 9.
\(\int_0^{\infty} \frac{x^2}{\left(1+x^6\right)^n}\) dx
Solution:

Question 10.
\(\int_0^\pi\)sin⁸ θ dθ
Solution:

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Physical Science Solutions Chapter 4 କାର୍ବନ ଓ ଏହାର ଯୌଗିକ Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Physical Science Solutions Chapter 4 କାର୍ବନ ଓ ଏହାର ଯୌଗିକ

Question 1.
ଇଥେନ୍‌ର ଆଣବିକ ସଙ୍କେତ ହେଉଛି C₂H₆। ଏଥରେ କେତୋଟି ସହସଂଯୋଗ୍ୟ ବନ୍ଧ ରହିଛି ?
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
Answer:
(b) 7 [C-H ବନ୍ଧସଂଖ୍ୟା = 6 ଓ C–C ବନ୍ଧ ସଂଖ୍ୟା = 1]

Question 2.
ବ୍ୟୁଟାନୋନ୍‌ରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସକ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ରୁପଟି କ’ଣ ?
(a) କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍
(b) ଆଲତିହାଇଡ୍‌
(c) କିଟୋନ
(d) ଆଲକହଲ
Answer:
(c) କିଟୋନ

Question 3.
ରୋଷେଇ କଲାବେଳେ ଯଦି ରନ୍ଧାପାତ୍ରର ତଳପଟର ବହିର୍ଭାଗ କଳା ପଡ଼ିଯାଏ, ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ :
(a) ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହୋଇ ନାହିଁ
(b) ଜାଳେଣି ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ଜଳୁନାହିଁ
(C) ଜାଳେଣିଟି ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ଅଛି
(d) ଜାଳେଣି ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ ଜଳୁଛି ।
Answer:
(b) ଜାଳେଣି ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ଜଳୁନାହିଁ

Question 4.
ସହସଂଯୋଜ୍ୟ ବନ୍ଧର ଗଠନ CH₃CI ର ଉଦାହରଣ ଦେଇ ବୁଝାଅ ।
Answer:
(i) CH₃CI ଯୌଗିକ କାର୍ବନ, ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ଓ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ ମୌଳିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ ।

(ii) କାର୍ବନ, ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ ଓ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ର ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ 6, 1 ଏବଂ 17 ।
କାର୍ବନର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନିକ୍‌ ସଂରଚନା K(2) L(4) ।
ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନିକ ସଂରଚନା K (1) |
କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍‌ର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନିକ୍ ସଂରଚନା K(2), L(8), M(7) ।

(iii) ଅକ୍ଲେଟ୍ ପାଇଁ କାର୍ବନ 4ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ, ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ 1 ଟି, ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ ଏବଂ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍ 1 ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ୍

(iv) କାର୍ବନ ତା’ର 4ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନକୁ 3ଟି ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ସହ (ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲେଖାଏଁ) ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍ ସହ ଭାଗ କରିଥାଏ । ତେଣୁ କାର୍ବନ ତା’ର 4ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନରୁ 3ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ 3ଟି ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ସହ ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ କ୍ଲୋରିନ ସହ ସହଭାଜନ କରି ସହସଂଯୋଜ୍ୟ ବନ୍ଧ ଗଠନ କରେ ।

(v) ଫଳରେ କାର୍ବନ ନିକଟତମ ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ Ne ର ସଂରଚନା ଧାରଣ କରେ । ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ନିକଟତମ ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ He ର ସଂରଚନା ଏବଂ କ୍ଲୋରିନ୍ ନିକଟତମ ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ Arର ସଂରଚନା ଧାରଣ କରି C – H ଏବଂ C – Cl ସହସଂଯୋଜ୍ୟ ବନ୍ଧ ଗଠନ କରେ ।

Question 5.
ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ଅଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ ଡଟ୍ ସଂରଚନାର ଚିତ୍ର ଦିଅ ।
(a) ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ (CH₃COOR)
(b) H₂S
(c) ପ୍ରେ|ପେନ୍
(d) F₂
Answer:
(a)

Question 6.
ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ କ’ଣ ଉଦାହରଣ ସହ ବୁଝାଅ ।
Answer:
(i) ଯେଉଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଜୈବ ଯୌଗିକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସମାନ ସଂରଚନା, ସମାନ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଓ ସମାନ ରାସାୟନିକ ଧର୍ମ ଥାଏ । ସେହି ଶ୍ରେଣୀକୁ ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

(ii) ଏହି ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଯୌଗିକ ତା’ର ପୂର୍ବବର୍ତୀ ଓ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଯୌଗିକଠାରୁ – CH₂ ଗ୍ରୁପ୍ ଦ୍ବାରା ଭିନ୍ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :
CH₃OH (ମିଥାନଲ୍) → CH₃OH
C₂H₅OH (ଇଥାନଲ୍) → CH₃CH₂OH
C₃H₇OH (ପ୍ରୋପାନଲ୍) → CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
C₄H₉OH (ବ୍ୟୁଟାନଲ୍) → CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଗଠନ କରନ୍ତି ।

Question 7.
ଇଥାନଲ୍ ଓ ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଭୌତିକ ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ଧର୍ମରେ ପ୍ରଭେଦ ଲେଖ ।
Answer:
ଭୌତିକ ଧର୍ମ
ଇଥାନଲ୍:

• ଇଥାନଲ୍ ଅମ୍ଳ କିମ୍ବା କ୍ଷାର ନୁହେଁ, ଏହା ପ୍ରଶମିତ । ଅଟେ । ଉଭୟ ଲିଗ୍‌ସ୍ କାଗଜର କୌଣସି ରଙ୍ଗର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରେ ନାହିଁ ।
• ଏହା ଅନେକ ଜୈବ ଯୌଗିକ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଉତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ
• ଇଥାନଲ୍‌ର ଗଳନାଙ୍କ 156 K ।
• ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ 351 K
• ଥଣ୍ଡା ଜଳବାୟୁରେ ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଶୀତଋତୁରେ ଏହା ଘନୀଭୂତ | ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।
• ଇଥାନଲ୍‌ର ସ୍ବାଦ ପୋଡ଼ିଗଲା ଭଳି ଲାଗେ ।
• ଏହା ତୀବ୍ର ଗନ୍ଧଯୁକ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ |

ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ :

• ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ନୀଳ ଲିଟ୍‌ସ୍‌କୁ ନାଲି କରିଥାଏ ଅର୍ଥାତ ଏହା ଅମ୍ଳୀୟ ।
• ଏହା ଉତ୍ତମ ଦ୍ରାବକ ନୁହେଁ । ଦ୍ରାବକ ।
• ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ଗଳନାଙ୍କ 290 K ।
• ଏହାର ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ 391 K ।
• ଥଣ୍ଡା ବାୟୁରେ ଏହା ଘନୀଭୂତ ହୁଏ ।
• ଏହାର ସ୍ବାଦ ଖଟା ।
• ଏହା ତୀବ୍ର ଗନ୍ଧଯୁକ୍ତ ଅଟେ ।

ରାସାୟନିକ ଧର୍ମ :
ଇଥାନଲ୍:
(i) ଇଥାନଲ୍ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ନିର୍ଗତ କରେ ।
2Na + 2CH₃ CH₂OH → 2CH₃CHO – Na + H₂

(ii) ଇଥାନଲ୍‌କୁ ଅଧିକ ପରିମାଣ ଗାଢ଼ ସଲ୍‌ଫ୍ୟୁରିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ସହିତ 443Kରେ ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତକଲେ ଇଥାନଲ ଅଣୁରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଜଳ ଅଣୁ ବାହାରି ଏଥୁନ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ।

(iii) ଇଥାନଲ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ବା ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍ ବାଇକାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ନାହିଁ ।

ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍:
(i) ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ ହାଇଡ୍ରକ୍‌ସାଇଡ଼ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ଲବଣ ଓ ଜଳ ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ ।
NaOH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O

(ii) ଏସିଟିକ୍ ଏସିଡ଼୍କୁ ଫସ୍‌ଫରସ୍ ପେଣ୍ଟକ୍‌ସାଇଡ ସହିତ ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ କଲେ ଦୁଇଟି ଏସିଡ୍ ଅଣୁରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଜଳ ଅଣୁ ଅପସାରିତ ହୁଏ ।

(iii) ଏହା ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ଓ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍‌ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ।
2CH₃COOH + Na₂CO₃ → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂
CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃COONa + H₂ + CO₂

Question 8.
ଜଳରେ ସାବୁନ ମିଶାଇଲେ ମିସେଲ କାହିଁକ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ବୁଝାଅ । ଅନ୍ୟ ଦ୍ରାବକ ଯଥା : ଇଥାନଲରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ମିସେଲ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବ କି ?
Answer:
(i) ସାବୁନର ଅଣୁ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୀର୍ଘ-ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳ କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍ କିମ୍ବା ପୋଟାସିୟମ୍ ଲବଣ । ସାବୁନ ଅଣୁର ଆୟନିକ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତଟି ଜଳରେ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ବେଳେ କାର୍ବନ ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳଟି ତେଲରେ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ହୁଏ । ତଦନୁଯାୟୀ ସାବୁନ୍ ଅଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏକ ସଂରଚନା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥାନ୍ତି । ଏହାକୁ ମିସେଲ୍ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

(ii) ଏହି ଅଣୁର ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ତେଲର ଛୋଟବିନ୍ଦୁ ଆଡ଼କୁ ରହୁଥ‌ିବା ବେଳେ ଆୟନିକ୍ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତଟି ବାହାରକୁ ମୁହଁ କରିଥାଏ । ଏହା ଜଳରେ ଏକ ଅପଦ୍ରବ ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସାବୁନ ଇଥାନଲ୍‌ରେ ଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ, ତେଣୁ ମିସେଲ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।

Question 9.
କାର୍ବନ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଯୌଗିକକୁ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ପ୍ରୟୋଗରେ ଇନ୍ଧନ ରୂପେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ କାହିଁକି ?
Answer:
(i) କାର୍ବନର ଯେକୌଣସି ରୂପ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍‌ରେ ଜଳିଲେ କାର୍ବନ ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବା ସହିତ ତାପ ଓ ଆଲୋକ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ ।

(ii) ଅଧ୍ୟାକାଂଶ କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦହନ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବହୁପରିମାଣର ତାପଶକ୍ତି ଓ ଆଲୋକ ଶକ୍ତି ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥାନ୍ତି । ଏକକ ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ତୁଳନାରେ ଅଧିକ ଶକ୍ତି ମିଳେ ।

Question 10.
ଖରଜଳ ସହିତ ସାବୁନ କିପରି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ?
Answer:
ଖରଜଳରେ କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଓ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍‌ର ଲବଣ ଥାଏ । ସାବୁନ ଅଣୁ ସହିତ କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଓ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଲବଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକରି ଧଳା ଅଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ ପଦାର୍ଥ (କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଓ ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନେସିୟମ୍ ଲବଣ) ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ ।

Question 11.
ସାବୁନକୁ ଲାଲ ଏବଂ ନୀଳ ଲିଟମସ୍ କାଗଜରେ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କଲେ କି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଦେଖାଯିବ ?
Answer:
ସାବୁନ୍ କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ଅଟେ । ଏହା ଲାଲ୍ ଲିଟ୍‌ସ୍କୁ ନୀଳ କରେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ନୀଳ ଲିଟମସ୍‌ର କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରେ ନାହିଁ ।

Question 12.
ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନୀକରଣ କ’ଣ ? ଶିଳ୍ପରେ ଏହାର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
ଉତ୍ପ୍ରେରକ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ଅପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ସହ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନର ଯୋଗକୁ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନୀକରଣ କହନ୍ତି ।

ଶିଳ୍ପରେ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ :
ବନସ୍ପତି ତେଲଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଅପୃକ୍ତ କାର୍ବନ ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳ ନିକେଲ୍‌ ଉତ୍ପ୍ରେରକ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନୀକରଣ କରାଯାଇ ପୃକ୍ତ କାର୍ବନ ଚେନ୍ ଗଠନ କରେ, ଯାହାକି ପଶୁ ଚର୍ବି ବା ଘିଅ ଅଟେ । ତେଣୁ କଳକାରଖାନାରେ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନୀକରଣ ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ବନସ୍ପତି ତେଲ ବା ଘିଅ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଏ ।

Question 13.
ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କେଉଁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଯୋଗ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତି ? C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₂, ଏବଂ CH₄,
Answer:
C₃H₆ ଏବଂ C₂H₂,

Question 14.
ଲହୁଣୀ ଏବଂ ରୋଷେଇ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ତେଲ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ରାସାୟନିକ ଧର୍ମରେ ପ୍ରଭେଦ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କରିବାକୁ ଏକ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଦର୍ଶାଅ ।
Answer:
ଲହୁଣି ପୃକ୍ତ (Saturated) ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଅଟେ । ବ୍ରୋମିନ୍ ଲହୁଣିରେ ମିଶାଇଲେ ବ୍ରୋମିନ୍‌ର ବାଦାମୀ ରଙ୍ଗରେ କୌଣସି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୁଏନାହିଁ । କାରଣ ବ୍ରୋମିନ ପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ନାହିଁ କିନ୍ତୁ ରୋଷେଇ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ତେଲ ଅପୃକ୍ତ (unsturated) ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଅଟେ । ବ୍ରୋମିନ୍‌ର କିଛି ବୁନ୍ଦା ମିଶାଇଲେ ବାଦାମୀ ରଙ୍ଗ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣହୀନ ହୁଏ ।

Question 15.
ସାବୁନ କିପରି ସଫାକରେ ବୁଝାଅ ।
(i) ସାବୁନ ଅଣୁରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରାନ୍ତର ଧର୍ମ ଭିନ୍ନ । ଗୋଟିଏ ହେଉଛି ଜଳାସକ୍ତ ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତଟିଏ ଜଳାତଙ୍କୀ ଜଳାସକ୍ର (Hydrophobic) ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ୍ରଟିଏ ଜଳାତଙ୍କ1 (Hydrophobic) |

(ii)
ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

(iii)

(iv) ଜଳର ପୃଷ୍ଠରେ ସାବୁନ ରହିଲେ ଜଳାତଙ୍କୀ ଲାଞ୍ଜ ଜଳରେ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ହେବ ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ସାବୁନଟିର ଆୟନିକ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ସହ ଜଳରେ ଏବଂ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ‘ଲାଞ୍ଜ’ ଜଳ ବାହାରକୁ ବଢ଼ିଆସି ଜଳର ପୃଷ୍ଠ ନିକଟରେ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବଦ୍ଧ ଭାବେ ସଜାଇ ହୋଇ ରହେ ।

(v) ଜଳଭିତରେ ଏହି ଅଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ ଅନନ୍ୟ ଅଭିବିନ୍ୟାସ ରହିଛି ଯାହା ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଅଂଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଜଳଠାରୁ ଅଲଗା ରଖେ ।

(vi) ଅଣୁ ପେନ୍ଥାମାନ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା ଦ୍ଵାରା ଏହା ସଂପାଦିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

(vii) ଜଳାତଙ୍କୀ ଲାଞ୍ଜଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅଣୁପେନ୍ଥାର ଭିତର ପାର୍ଶ୍ବରେ ଏବଂ ଆୟନିକ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପେନ୍ଥାର ଉପରି ଭାଗରେ ରହିଥାଏ ।

(vi) ଏହି ଗଠନକୁ ମିସେଲ୍ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

(ix) ମିସେଲ୍‌ର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରେ ତୈଳାକ୍ତ ମଇଳା ସଂଗୃହୀତ ହୁଏ ।

(x) ମିସେଲ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣରେ କଲଏଡ୍ ରୂପରେ ରହେ ଏବଂ ଆୟନ-ଆୟନ ବିକର୍ଷଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏକତ୍ରିତ ହୋଇ ଅବକ୍ଷେପିତ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।

(xi) ତେଣୁ ଲୁଗାକୁ ଧୋଇଦେଲେ ମିସେଲ୍‌ରେ ରହିଥିବା ମଇଳା ମଧ୍ୟ ସହଜରେ ଜଳ ସହିତ ପଦାକୁ ବାହାରି ଆସେ ।

ବିଶେଷ ଦ୍ରଷ୍ଟବ୍ୟ :
ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ (*) ତାରକା ଚିହ୍ନିତ ତଥ୍ୟ, ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଓ ବାକ୍ସ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଗତ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ତଥ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଆସିବ ନାହିଁ ।

ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବଳୀ ଓ ଉତ୍ତର:

Question 1.
କାର୍ବନ ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ (ସଙ୍କେତ CO₂)ର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ ଡଟ୍ ସଂରଚନା କ’ଣ ହେବ ?
Answer:

Question 2.
ଆଠଟି ସଲ୍ଫର ପରମାଣୁରେ ଗଠିତ ଏକ ସଲ୍ଫର ଅଣୁର ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ ଡଟ୍ ସଂରଚନା କ’ଣ ହେବ ?

Question 3.
ପେଣ୍ଟେନ ପାଇଁ ତୁମେ କେତୋଟି ସଂରଚନାତ୍ମକ ଆଇସୋମର୍ ଚିତ୍ର କରିପାରିବ ?
Answer:
ପେଣ୍ଟେନ୍ ପାଇଁ ତିନୋଟି ସଂରଚନାତ୍ମକ ଆଇସୋମ୍‌ର ଚିତ୍ର ଅଙ୍କନ କରାଯାଇଛି –

Question 4.
ଆମ ଚାରିପଟେ ଦେଖୁଥ‌ିବା କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକର ବହୁଳତା ପାଇଁ କାର୍ବନର କେଉଁ ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରକୃତି ଦାୟୀ ?
Answer:
(i) କାଟିନେସନ୍ : କାର୍ବନର କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଆକାର ଓ ଉଚ୍ଚ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ ଋଣାତ୍ମକତା ଗୁଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏହା ଅନ୍ୟ କାର୍ବନ ପରମାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ବନ୍ଧ ଗଠନ କରିପାରେ । ଯୌଗିକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଂରଚନା ସଳଖ ଚେନ, ଶାଖା ଚେନ, କିମ୍ବା ବକ୍ରାକାର ଚେନ ହୋଇପାରେ ।

(ii) କାର୍ବନର ଚତୁଃସଂଯୋଗ୍ୟତା : କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକର କକ୍ଷରେ 4ଟି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ୍‌ ଥିବାରୁ ଏହି ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍ୟ 4ଟି କାର୍ବନ ପରମାଣୁ ସହ କିମ୍ବା ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍, ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍, ନାଇଟ୍ରୋଜେନ୍, ସଲ୍‌ଫର୍‌ ପରି ଅନ୍ୟ ମୌଳିକଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହ ସହଭାଜନ କରିପାରେ । ତେଣୁ କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକର ସଂଖ୍ୟା ବୃଦ୍ଧିପାଏ

Question 5.
ସାଇକ୍ଳୋପେଣ୍ଟେନର ସଙ୍କେତ ଏବଂ ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରନ ଡଟ୍ ସଂରଚନା କ’ଣ ହେବ ?
Answer:
ଫଂକେତ:

Question 6.
ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂତ ଯୌଗିକଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ସଂରଚନା ଚିତ୍ର ଦିଅ ।
(i) ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ଼୍
(ii) ବ୍ରୋମୋପେଣ୍ଟନ୍‌
(iii) ବ୍ୟୁଟାନୋନ୍
(iv) ହେକ୍ସାନାଲ
Answer:

Question 7.
ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ଯୌଗିକଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିପରି ନାମକରଣ କରିବ ?

Answer:
(i) ବ୍ରୋମୋଇଥେନ୍
(ii) ମିଥାନଲ୍
(iii) ହେକ୍‌ସାଇନ୍

Question 8.
ଇଥାନଲ୍‌ରୁ ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍କୁ ରୂପାନ୍ତର କାହିଁକି ‘କ ଜାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ?
Answer:

ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ ପରମାଣୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାର ହ୍ରାସ ଘଟିଛି, ତେଣୁ ଏହା ଏକ ଜାରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ।

Question 9.
ଝଳାଇ ପାଇଁ ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍ ଓ ଇଥାଇନ୍‌ର ଏକ ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଜଳାଯାଏ I ଇଥାଇନ୍ ଓ ବାୟୁର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ କାହିଁକି କହିପାରିବ ?
Answer:
ବାୟୁରେ ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ ସହିତ ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ଅଛି, ଯାହାକି ଇଥାଇନ୍ ଜଳିବା ପାଇଁ ଯେଉଁ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିଥାନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ବାୟୁ ଓ ଇଥାଇନ୍‌ର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।

Question 10.
ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରି ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ ଏବଂ କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ କିପରି ଜାଣିବ ?
Answer:
କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ପୋଟାସିୟମ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍ ଟେଷ୍ଟ : ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ ଓ କାର୍ବୋସିଲିକ୍ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ ଦୁଇଟିରେ ନିଅ ଏବଂ କିଛି ବୁନ୍ଦା କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ପୋଟାସିୟମ୍ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣ ପକାଅ ଓ ଗରମ୍ କର ପୋଟାସିୟମ୍ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍‌ର ଗୋଲାପୀ ରଙ୍ଗ ରହିଲେ ତାହା ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ, ଅନ୍ୟଥା ତାହା କାର୍ବୋକସିଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ।

Question 11.
କାରଣ କ’ଣ ?
Answer:
NaHCO ଦ୍ଵାରା ପରୀକ୍ଷା – ଦୁଇଟି ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ ଓ କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ନେଇ କିଛି NaHCO₃ ର ଗାଢ଼ ଦ୍ରବଣ ମିଶାଅ । ଯେଉଁ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଗାଢ଼ ଧୂଆଁଳିଆ CO₂ ଗ୍ୟାସ ବାହାରିବ ସେହି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ କାର୍ବୋକସିଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ଅଛି ।

Question 12.
ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଟ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଜଳ ଖର କି ନୁହେଁ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ତୁମେ ସମର୍ଥ ହୋଇପାରିବ କି ?
Answer:
ନାଁ, କାରଣ ଖରଜଳ ଓ ମୃଦୁଜଳ ଉଭୟରେ ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଟ ସମାନ ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ ।

Question 13.

ଦେଇସାରି ସେମାନେ ଲୁଗାକୁ ପଥର ଉପରେ ବାଡ଼େଇ ଥା’ନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ଦଣ୍ଡରେ ବାଡ଼େଇଥା’ନ୍ତି ବ୍ରସ୍‌ରେ ଘଷିଥା’ନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ୱାସିଂମେସିନ୍‌ରେ ମନ୍ଥନ (agitate) କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସଫାଲୁଗା ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ମନ୍ଥନ କାହିଁକି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ?
Answer:
ମଇଳା ସହିତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ସାବୁନ ଅଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମିସେଲ୍‌ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରନ୍ତି ଓ ଯେଉଁ ଅପଦ୍ରବ ସୃଷ୍ଟିହୁଏ ପାଣିରେ କିଛି ଧୋଇ ହୋଇଯାଏ ଆଉ କିଛି ଲୁଗାର ଉପର ସ୍ତରରେ ହାଲୁକା ଭାବେ ଲାଗିରହେ । ତେଣୁ ସାବୁନ ଦେଇ ସାରି ସେମାନେ ଲୁଗାକୁ ପଥର ଉପରେ ବାଡ଼େଇଥାନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ଦଣ୍ଡରେ ବାଡ଼େଇଥାନ୍ତି ବା ମନ୍ଥନ କରିଥାନ୍ତି |

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ (Activity):

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ – 1 (Activity – 1):
(i) ସକାଳୁ ତୁମେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିବା କିମ୍ବା ଖାଇଥିବା ଦଶଟି ଜିନିଷର ଏକ ତାଲିକା କର ।
ଏହି ତାଲିକା ସହ ତୁମ ସହପାଠୀମାନେ କରିଥିବା ତାଲିକାକୁ ଏକାଠି କର ଏବଂ ତା’ପରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ସାରଣୀ ଭିତରେ ସେହି ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ତାଲିକାଭୁକ୍ତ କର । ଯେଉଁ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଏକରୁ ଅଧିକ ପଦାର୍ଥରୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଉଛି, ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଂପୃକ୍ତ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭରେ ରଖ ।
ଡ :
ସକାଳୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିବା କିମ୍ବା ଖାଇଥିବା ଦଶଟି ଜିନିଷ ହେଲା
ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିବା ଜିନିଷ: ସାବୁନ୍, ତେଲ, କାଗଜ, ଜୋତା ପଲିସ୍, ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ ମର, ବହି, ଖବରକାଗଜ, ଷ୍ଟିଲ୍ ମର୍ ।
ଖାଇଥ‌ିବା ଜିନିଷ – କ୍ଷୀର, ଚା, ଅଣ୍ଡା, ପାଉଁରୁଟି, ଭାତ, ଡାଲି, ଔଷଧ ।

(ii)

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
କେବଳ ଜଳ ରନ୍ଧନପାତ୍ର, (ଯେଉଁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଧାତୁ, କାଚ କିମ୍ବା ମାଟିରେ ତିଆରି) ଛାଡ଼ି ପ୍ରାୟ ଅନ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ତ ଜିନିଷରେ କାର୍ବନ ଅଛି ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
ଆମେ ଦୈନନ୍ଦିନ ଜୀବନରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିବା ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଜିନିଷ କାର୍ବନରେ ତିଆରି ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ – 2 (Activity – 2):

ତଳେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ଯୋଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ସଙ୍କେତଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ଆଣବିକ ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ଵ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରଭେଦ କଳନା କର ।
(a) CH₃ OH ଏବଂ C₂H₅ OH
(b) C₂H₅ OH ଏବଂ C₃ H₇OH
(c) C₃H₇ OH ଏବଂ C₄H₉ OH

ଏହି ତିନୋଟିରେ କିଛି ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଅଛି କି ?
ଉ :
ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କର ସକ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ରୁପ୍ ଏକ ।

ଗୋଟିଏ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ (Family) ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଏହି ଆଲକହଲଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କାର୍ଟୁନ ପରମାଣୁର ବର୍ଦ୍ଧିତ କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଅ ।
ଊ :
CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH, C₃H₈OH, C₄H₉OH

ସାରଣୀର ଅନ୍ୟ ସକ୍ରିୟଗ୍ରୁପ୍ ପାଇଁ ଚାରୋଟି କାର୍ବନ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଯୌଗିକଗୁଡ଼ିକର ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଲେଖ ।
ଊ :
କ୍ଲୋରୋ ହୋମୋଲୋଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ : CH₃CI, C₂H₅CI, C₃H₇Cl, C₄H₉Cl
ଆଲ୍‌ହାଇଡ଼ ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ : CH₃CHO, C₂H₅CHO, C₃H₇CHO
କିଟୋନ୍ ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ : C₂H₆CO, C₃H₈CO
କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ହୋମୋଲଗସ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ : CH₃COOH, C₂H₅COOH, C₃H₇COOH

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -3 (Activity-3)

ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଉପକରଣ :
ଗୋଟିଏ ଚାମଚ, କିଛି କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକ (ଗନ୍ଧକର୍ପୂର, କର୍ପୂର, ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ) ।

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ :
ଗୋଟିଏ ଚାମଚରେ କେତୋଟି କାର୍ବନ ଯୌଗିକ (ଗନ୍ଧକର୍ପୂର, କର୍ପୂର, ଆଲକହଲ) ଗୋଟିଏ ପରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ନିଅ ଏବଂ ଜଳାଅ ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ :
(a) ଅଗ୍ନିଶିଖା ଉପରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଧାତବ ଥାଳି ରଖ । ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ ଭଳି ପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଜଳିଲେ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛ ଶିଖା ଦେଇଥାଏ ।
(b) ଗନ୍ଧକର୍ପୂର ଭଳି ଅପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଜଳିଲେ କଳାଧୂଆଁ ସହିତ ହଳଦିଆ ରଙ୍ଗର ଶିଖା ଦେବ ଏବଂ ଧାତବ ଥାଳିରେ କଳାକଣିକା ଜମିଯିବ ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
ପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଜଳିଲେ ସ୍ବଚ୍ଛ ଶିଖା ଦିଏ । ଅପୃକ୍ତ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକାର୍ବନ ଜଳିଲେ କଳାଧୂଆଁ ଓ ହଳଦିଆ ରଙ୍ଗର ଶିଖା ଦେବ ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -4 (Activity-4)

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ:
ଗୋଟିଏ ବୁନ୍‌ସେନ୍ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣର ଜଳାଅ ଏବଂ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାର ଶିଖା ବା ଧୂଆଁର ଉପସ୍ଥିତି ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଏହାର ନିମ୍ନଅଂଶରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାୟୁଛିଦ୍ର (Airhole)କୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କର ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
(a) କଳାଧୂଆଁ ଓ ହଳଦିଆ ଅଗ୍ନିଶିଖା ମିଳିବ ଯେତେବେଳେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣରର ନିମ୍ନ ଅଂଶରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାୟୁଛିଦ୍ରକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବା ଫଳରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନର ପରିମାଣ ହ୍ରାସପାଇବ ।
(b) ବର୍ଣ୍ଣରର ନିମ୍ନ ଅଂଶରେ ଥ‌ିବା ବାୟୁଛିଦ୍ର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣମୁକ୍ତ ରହିଲେ ପ୍ରଚୁର ପରିମାଣର ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବ ଏବଂ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ ଜାରଣ ହେବା ଫଳରେ ନୀଳ ଅଗ୍ନି ଶିଖା ଦେଖାଯିବ ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ପରିମାଣର ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ୍‌ରେ ଜଳିଲେ ସ୍ବଚ୍ଛ ନୀଳଶିଖା ମିଳିବ ଏବଂ ସୀମିତ ବାୟୁ (ଅକ୍‌ସିଜେନ)ରେ

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -5 (Activity-5)

ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଉପକରଣ:
ଗୋଟିଏ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ, 3 ମିଲି ଇଥାନଲ୍ , ଏକ ଜଳ ଉଷ୍ମକ (water bath), 5% କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ପୋଟାସିୟମ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣ ।

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ:
ଗୋଟିଏ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପ୍ରାୟ 3 ମିଲି ଇଥାନଲ୍ ନିଅ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଉଷୁମ କର । 5% କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ପୋଟାସିୟମ୍ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣକୁ ବୁନ୍ଦା ବୁନ୍ଦା କରି ପକାଅ ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
(a) 5 % କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ପୋଟାସିୟମ୍ ପରମାଙ୍ଗାନେଟ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣକୁ ବୁନ୍ଦା ବୁନ୍ଦା କରି ପକାଇଲେ ଗୋଲାପୀ ରଙ୍ଗ କ୍ରମଶଃ ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହୋଇଯିବ ।
(b) ଯେତେବେଳେ ଅଧିକ KMnO₄ ମିଶାଗଲା ସେତେବେଳେ ଇଥାନଲ୍ ଜାରଣ ହୋଇ ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଅମ୍ଳରେ ପରିଣତ ହେଲା ଏବଂ ଅଧ୍ଵ KMnO₄ ରଙ୍ଗ ସେହିଭଳି ରହିଲା ଓ ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
କ୍ଷାରୀୟ KMnO₄ ଦ୍ରବଣ ଇଥାନଲ୍‌କୁ ଜାରଣ କରେ ଏବଂ ନିଜେ ବିଜାରିତ ହୁଏ ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -6 (Activity-6)
ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ:
ଦୁଇଟି ଚାଉଳଦାନା ଆକାରର ଖଣ୍ଡେ ଛୋଟ ସୋଡ଼ିୟମକୁ ଇଥାନଲ (ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଆଲକହଲ) ମଧ୍ୟରେ

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍ ଧାତୁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଶୀଳ ଅଟେ । ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଆଲ୍‌କହଲ ସହିତ ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍‌ ଇଥକ୍‌ସାଇଡ ଓ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ଦେଇଥାଏ ।

2C₂H₅OH + 2Na → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂
ଗୋଟିଏ ଜଳୁଥ‌ିବା କାଠିକୁ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ପାଖକୁ ଆଣିଲେ ପପ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ କରି ଜଳିଉଠିବ ।

ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ସାଧା (Properties of Ethanoic Acid):
(i) ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍କୁ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏସିଟିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ (acetic acid) କହନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଏହା କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍

(ii) ଜଳରେ ଏସିଟିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର 5-8% ଦ୍ରବଣକୁ ଭିନେଗାର କୁହାଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ଆଚାର ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।

(iii)ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ଗଳନାଙ୍କ ହେଉଛି 290 K ।

(iv) ଏସିଟିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ଗ୍ଲାସିଆଲ୍ (Glacial) ଏସିଟିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ । କାରଣ ଏହା ଥଣ୍ଡାଜଳ ଓ ବାୟୁରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସମୟରେ ଘନୀଭୂତ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।

(v) କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ଏକ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଏସିଡ୍ ।

ଏଷ୍ଟରୀକରଣ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା:
(i) ଗୋଟିଏ ଏସିଡ୍ ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଲ୍‌କହଲର ରାସାୟନିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାଦ୍ୱାରା ଏଷ୍ଟର (Ester) ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ । ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଆଲକହଲ ସହିତ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ଏଷ୍ଟର ଦେଇଥାଏ ।

(ii) ଏଷ୍ଟରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସୁଗନ୍ଧଯୁକ୍ତ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଚ

(iii) ଏହାକୁ ଅତରରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।

(iv) ଏହାକୁ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଓ ପାନୀୟ ସୁଗନ୍ଧକାରୀ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ରୂପେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।

ସାବୁନୀକରଣ :
ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍ ଲବଣରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ । ଏହି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ସାବୁନୀକରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ କାରଣ ଏହାକୁ ସାବୁନ୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ ।

(ii) କ୍ଷାରକସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା: ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ + ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ୍‌ ହାଇଡ୍ରକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ → ଲବଣ + ଜଳ
NaOH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O

(iii) କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ଏବଂ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ସହ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା:
କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ଏବଂ ହାଇଡ୍ରୋଜେନ କାର୍ବୋନେଟ୍ ସହ ଇଥାନୋଇକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରି ଲବଣ, ଡାଇଅକ୍‌ସାଇଡ୍ ଏବଂ’ ଜଳ ଦେଇଥାଏ ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -7 (Activity-7)
ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଉପକରଣ: ଦୁଇଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ, 10 ମି.ଲି. ଜଳ, ରୋଷେଇରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ତେଲ ।

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ:

• ଦୁଇଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପ୍ରାୟ 10 ମି.ଲି. ଜଳ ନିଅ, ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବୁନ୍ଦା ଲେଖାଏଁ ତେଲ ପକାଅ ଓ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀକୁ A ଓ B ରୂପେ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କର ।
• ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ B ରେ ଅଳ୍ପ କେତେ ବୁନ୍ଦା ସାବୁନ ଦ୍ରବଣ ପକାଅ ।
• ଦୁଇଟି ଯାକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଏକା ସମୟରେ ହଲାଅ ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ B ରେ ତେଲ ଓ ଜଳ ସାବୁନର ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ତର ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି । କାରଣ ତେଲ ସାବୁନ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣରେ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ହୁଏ ଫଳରେ ସଫା କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ । ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ A ଜଳ ଓ ରୋଷେଇ ରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ତେଲ ଅଛି । ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ହଲାଇଲା ପରେ କିଛି ସମୟ ସ୍ଥିର ହେବାକୁ ଦିଅ । 2ଟି ସ୍ତର ହୋଇ ରହିଥ‌ିବା ଦେଖାଯିବ କାରଣ ତେଲ ଓ ଜଳ ପରସ୍ପର ଅଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
ସାବୁନ ଦ୍ରବଣରେ ତେଲ ଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ, ଜଳ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ତେଲ ଅଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ ।

ସାଚୁନ୍‌ ଓ ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଠ (Soaps and Detergents):
ସାବୁନ୍ :

• ସାବୁନର ଅଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୀର୍ଘ-ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳ କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ସୋଡ଼ିୟମ କିମ୍ବା ପୋଟାସିୟମ ଲବଣ ।
• 
• ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ତୈଳ ଓ ଚର୍ବିରୁ ସାବୁନ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଏ ।
• ଜୈବ ନିମ୍ବୀକରଣ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ।
• ଅମ୍ଳୀୟ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବନାହିଁ ।

ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଠ:

• ଦୀର୍ଘଶୃଙ୍ଖଳ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କାର୍ବୋକ୍‌ଲିକ୍ ଏସିଡ୍‌ର ଏମୋନିୟମ୍ କିମ୍ବା ସଲ୍‌ଫୋନେଟ୍ ଲବଣ ।
• 
• ପେଟ୍ରୋଲିୟମ୍ର ଉତ୍ପାଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଟ୍ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରାଯାଏ ।
• ଜୈବନିମ୍ନୀକରଣ ଅଯୋଗ୍ୟ ।
• ଅମ୍ଳୀୟ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -8 (Activity-8)
ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଉପକରଣ:
ଦୁଇଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ, 20 ମି.ଲି. ପାତିତ ଜଳ କିମ୍ବା ବର୍ଷାଜଳ, ଅନ୍ୟଟିରେ 10 ମି.ଲି.

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ :
ଦୁଇଟି ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପାତିତ ଜଳ ଓ ଖରଜଳ ନିଅ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଦୁଇବୁନ୍ଦା ସାବୁନ ଦ୍ରବଣ ପକାଅ । ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ ଦୁଇଟିକୁ ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଏକା ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ହଲାଅ ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ:
ଯେଉଁ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପାତିତ ଜଳ |ବର୍ଷାଜଳ ଅଛି ସେହି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଅଧ୍ଵକ ଫେଣ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଛି । ଯେଉଁ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଖରଜଳ ଅଛି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଦହିଭଳି ଧଳା ଅବକ୍ଷେପ ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି ।

ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ:
ମୃଦୁଜଳରେ ସାବୁନ ଫେଣ ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ, ଖରଜଳରେ ସାବୁନ୍ ଦହିଭଳି ଧଳା ଅବକ୍ଷେପ ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ ।

କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାବଳୀ -9 (Activity-9)
ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଉପକରଣ:
2ଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀ, 20 ମି.ଲି. ଖର ଜଳ, ସାବୁନଦ୍ରବଣ, ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଟ ଦ୍ରବଣ ।

ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ:
ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ 10 ମିଲି ଲି. ଖରଜଳ ନିଅ । ଗୋଟିଏ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପାଞ୍ଚବୁନ୍ଦା ସାବୁନ ଦ୍ରବଣ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ବୁନ୍ଦା ଡିଟରଜେଣ୍ଟ୍ ଦ୍ରବଣ ପକାଅ । ଉଭୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀକୁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସମୟ ପାଇଁ ହଲାଅ ।

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ :
ଦୁଇଟି ଯାକ ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ସମାନ ପରିମାଣର ଫେଣ ରହୁନାହିଁ । ସାବୁନ ଦ୍ରବଣ ଥିବା

ପରୀକ୍ଷାନଳୀରେ ଅଧ୍ବକ ପରିମାଣରେ ଫେଣ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଛି ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Telegram, E-mail Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Telegram, E-mail Writing

Telegram

An ordinary letter may take two or three days to reach the addressee; if the message is urgent we send a telegram. Telegrams are the most common means of sending urgent messages if has an advantage over the telephone in that a written communication will be available for future reference. When you write a telegram, you have to limit your meaning to, the fewest possible words, since the amount you have to pay depends on the number of words you use in your telegram. In reducing the length of a message, you should not make it vague.

Remember the following points :
1. You can leave out articles, prepositions, and similar words that do not carry meaning in themselves but help to construct grammatical sentences.
2. Time or quantity or number could be clearly specified.
3. The address must be complete.
4. When in doubt, add a word rather than omit it.
5. Use capital letters.

Activity 1

Here are some messages which need to be sent as telegrams. Go through them carefully, strike off the words you think unnecessary and rewrite each one in the form of a telegram.
The first one has been done for you.
1. (My) bag (has) (been) stolen. (I) (have) no money send Rs. 1000 immediately (in) (the) care (of) ELTI Hostel.

Hence, the telegram is to be written in the following manner:

Now convert the following messages into telegrams :
2. Money has been sent. You should contact the Warden on Wednesday. Write back. Father.
3. I am unable to arrive on Tuesday. There is a meeting on Wednesday. You may postpone it to Friday.
4. I am reaching you with my family on 20th February by the Konark Express.

Answer:
(2) MONEY SENT (.) CONTACT WARDEN WEDNESDAY (.) WRITE BACK. FATHER
(3) NOT ARRIVING TUESDAY (.) MEETING WEDNESDAY (.) POSTPONE TO FRIDAY
(4) REACHING WITH FAMILY TWENTIETH FEBRUARY KONARK

Activity 2

Here are some letters which you have to convert into telegrams. Go through them carefully and identify the main ideas, which the telegrams should contain. The main ideas of the first letter have been identified and underlined.

1. “We haven’t heard from you for more than two months. We have written a number of letters to you. but you haven’t written us back. We are extremely worried. We hope and pray you are not ill. Please send a wire immediately about your welfare. If we do not hear from you this week, we will come to
Rourkela.”
2. “There is nothing to worry. I’m perfectly well. I couldn’t write because I had gone to IIT, Kharagpur on a study tour. Then I visited a friend in Calcutta for a few days. I am sorry for not writing.”
3. “Last evening Grandmother complained of severe pain in the stomach. We sent for a doctor. He gave her an injection and asked us to move her to hospital. He said her appendix had to be removed. The operation is on 10th. Mother wants you to come.”
4. “Our college is organising an educational tour to South India for 15 days. The tour will be very useful. We will be visiting many temples, museums and art galleries. All my friends are going. Please send Rs. 3,000 immediately. On my return I’ll write about the places we have visited.”

Answer:
(1) NOT HEARD FROM YOU EXTREMELY WORRIED SEND WIRE IMMEDIATELY ABOUT YOUR WELFARE
(2) DON’T WORRY PERFECTLY WELL HAD GONE STUDY TOUR AND COULD NOT WRITE SORRY
(3) GRANDMOTHER HOSPITALISED APPENDIX OPERATION TENTH COME
(4) COLLEGE ORGANISING SOUTH INDIA EDUCATIONAL TOUR ALL FRIENDS GOING SEND THREE THOUSAND IMMEDIATELY

Activity 3

A number of situations have been described below. You are required to draft a telegram to suit each situation. A part of each telegram is given. Can you complete the telegram?
1. Three months ago, that is, on 15 October, you ordered a dictionary from the Modem Book Depot, Station Square, Bhubaneswar. You have not received the book. You want the shop to send the book without further delay.
2. You are appearing for the +2 Examination. Unfortunately, you have not received your Admit Card. You want the council authorities to allow you to take the examination pending receipt of the Admit Card.
3. You are returning home (from Bangalore) for the holidays. You had written to your father that you would arrive on Sunday morning, but as berths are not available, you have to change your travel plans. You will now arrive two days later, by a different train. Draft a telegram informing your father of the change.
4. Prof. Mishra is in Delhi on tour. He was supposed to return to Bhubaneswar for an important meeting but has been held up in Delhi because of bad weather. He wants to inform his office of what happened and to apologize for not attending the meeting. Draft a telegram for him.

Answer:
(1) DICTIONARY ORDERED FIFTEEN OCTOBER NOT RECEIVED SENT IMMEDIATELY
(2) PLUS TWO ARTS ADMIT CARDS NOT RECEIVED PERMIT APPEARING EXAMINATION PENDING RECEIPT
(3) BERTHS NOT AVAILABLE CHANGED PLANS ARRIVING TUESDAY HOWRAH MAIL
(4) STRANDED DUE TO BAD WEATHER AND UNABLE TO ATTEND MEETING APOLOGIES

Activity 4

Read the following situations and draft suitable telegrams for each.

1. Your brother has booked tickets by the Howrah Mail and will arrive from Madras on Saturday morning. On Thursday, there is an announcement on TV that a cyclone is likely to hit coastal Orissa in the next 48 hours. Draft a telegram to be sent to your brother asking him to cancel the journey.
2. You have received a 13-volume set of Brilliant Tutorials Elite 2009. But when you unpack the parcel you find that volume 10 is missing. Draft a telegram to the bookseller.

Answer:
(1) POSTPONE JOURNEY CANCEL TICKETS DANGEROUS CYCLONE HITTING ORISSA COAST SATURDAY
(2) RECEIVED BRILLIANT ELITE SET. VOLUME TEN IS MISSING SEND IT IMMEDIATELY

E-MAIL

E-mail is a medium that has revolutionized the way in which we communicate with each other. It is relatively now very popular E-mail makes it possible to communicate cheaply and almost instantly with people anywhere in the world – provided they have access to a computer. You can send any type of message, from a single word to a book-length document complete with pictures and sound files. The recipient can respond at once or think carefully before replying. You can communicate just with one person or with a large group, every member of which can participate as much or as little as they wish. E-mails inhabit a shape somewhere between personal meetings, telephones, and letters. Like telephones, they are quick and inexpensive. They are a fairly new technology. The format of e-mail is quite simple, just like the telegram form, but there is no room for capital letters in the former. Write e-mail IDs after TV: and from :

Now write e-mails for the 4 situations given in Activity 3.
Answer:
(1)
To: mbd@yahoomail.com
CC :
From: bckhuntia; g mail.com
Date: 20.11.2009
Re: Request for dictionary
Sir,
Despite my order to you in connection with a dictionary on 15 October, you haven’t sent it yet. I would request to despatch the same as soon as possible.
BC Khuntia

(2)
To : secretary council @ g mail.com
SC :
From : kunal patnaik@yahoo.mail
Date: 14.2.20
Re: Request for Admit card
Sir,
Since I have not received my admit card for the +2 Final Examination, I would request you to allow me to take the examination pending the receipt of Admit Card.
Kunal Patnaik

(3)
To : sckhuntia®yahoo mail.com
From : vedadya khuntia@g mail.com
Date : 11.9.20
Papa,
Since berths are not available, I cannot reach home on Sunday morning. I will arrive two days later, by a different train.
Ved

(4)
To: vice-chancellor, Ravenshaw college@yahoo mail.com
CC :
From: pmishra@g mail.com
Date: 4.11.20_
Re: Apology for not attending the meeting
Sir,
Since I have been stranded in Delhi, due to bad weather, I am unable to attend the meeting and beg apology for the same.
P Mishra

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 The One and only Houdini Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 4 The One and only Houdini

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The One and only Houdini Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist :
The writer takes us back to the swimming pool at New York’s Shelton Hotel. In response to Houdini’s declaration, a box is ready. After he enters inside, it will be tightly closed. The pool now becomes the scene of an incredible performance. Driven by curiosity, people are gathering here. The reporter finds a telephone and an alarm bell with batteries inside the box for eventualities. According to Collins, he is going without air for even an hour. Houdini is as good as words. In the mean time, Dr. MacConnell emerges on the scene. He has already checked Houdini’s blood pressure and pulse. Everything is fine. The reporter is interested to know how long he can live without air. To the doctor, it is a difficult question.

He comes to know of Houdini’s knowledge of breathing easily and saving the oxygen. His condition is stable, yet he is fifty-two. The doctor is sure of Houdini’s ability to cope with danger. Now Houdini clad in a black swimming suit appears, smiling and determined. He expresses his thanks to the ladies and gentlemen for coming to see his performance. He is going to explode the myth that a man can live only three minutes without air. Now we find Houdini in the box. Several men are engaged in sealing it tightly. Then the box was submerged in the swimming pool of Hotel Shelton. Joseph Rinn, the official time keeper is in charge of counting every minute of Houdini’s stay in the box. The reporter is optimistic.

Glossary :
edge : the sharp side of something (କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷର ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ)
sealed: closed tightly (ଜୋରରେ ବନ୍ଦ)
soldered: firmly fixed with solder (solder is easily melted metal) (ସୋଲ୍ଡର ସହିତ ଦୃଢ଼ ଭାବରେ ସ୍ଥିର କରାୟାଇଛି)
trick : cheating, a fraud (ଠକେଇ, ଜାଲିଆତି)
emergencies : sudden happenings which make it necessary to act without delay (ଜରୁରୀକାଳୀନ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି)
And days : Houdini is as good as his words (ଏବଂ ଦିନଗୁଡିକ)
Concerned : anxious (t) (ଚିନ୍ତିତ)
signal (v): to give a sign (ଏକ ଚିହ୍ନ ଦେବାକୁ)
build (n): general shape or size of a person’s body (ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଶରୀରର ସାଧାରଣ ଆକାର ବା ଆକାର)
He himself: Housini is firm in his determination (ସେ ନିଜେ)
motioning: making a sign (ଏକ ଚିହ୍ନ ତିଆରି କରିବା)
will : desire (ଇଚ୍ଛା)
rocked: moved backwards and forwards (ପଛକୁ ଏବଂ ଆଗକୁ ଗତି କଲା)
admire : praise (ପ୍ରଶଂସା)

Unit – II

Gist:
Five minutes have passed ever since he was in a sealed casket submerged in the swimming pool. In the meantime, the reporter probes his past. His real name is Ehrich Weiss. His native place is Appleton, Wisconsin. He was born in 1874. His father was a Jewish priest. Houdini, renowned for his remarkable magic tricks, has an astonishing control over his body. He excels in the art of putting his shoulders out of position. When he was working for a locksmith, Ehrich knew technique of opening handcuffs with small, sharp pointed instruments. He also took interest in reading about Robert Houdini, the renowned French magician. At last he relinquished his job and became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini.

The reporter gives a picture of Houdini’s married life. Bessie is his wife. She was a magician too. Houdini is known for his sensational escape acts. Bessie has stood by her husband through thick and thin. Rinn informs that twenty minutes have passed. Tension mounts. Houdini has a tension-ridden career. His underwater box escape is a case in point. Handcuffed and chained, Harry Houdini is placed in a wooden box which firmly shut with nails. The box is then left underwater. Houdini accepts the challenge in his characteristic tricky manner. He swims to the surface safe and sound in a few minutes. This also demonstrates his skill in using tricks. Rinn, the official time-keeper keeps on counting time. Twenty five minutes have gone. In Houdini, the reporter finds an unusual person. He admires Houdini’s incredible control of chest muscles. He excels others in the act of moving around inside the jacket at the time of relaxation. The reporter is lavish in his praise, ‘There’s only one Houdini.’

Thirty minutes have trickled by. The reporter sees one of the swimmers standing on the box lose his balance. Other swimmers are no better. The box has moved up quickly above the water level. The reporter is worried. He enquires of Mr. Collins, about his condition. Collins talks to Houdini and says that he is fine. Rinn announces that thirty minutes have passed since Houdini’s adventure. The reporter brims with confidence. Houdini’s rigorous training for three weeks seems to be rewarded. The reporter thinks of Houdini’s march to a spectacular success. Forty minutes have elapsed. Meanwhile, the reporter refers eloquently to Houdini’s wonderful stomach muscles, that have resisted the fists of big, strong men. Forty-five minutes have already gone.

Glossary:
amazing : astonishing ବିସ୍ମୟକର)
dislocate : put out of position (ପଦରୁ ବାହାର)
straitjacket(ଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଟ୍ ଜାକେଟ୍) : kind of garment once used to prevent madman from struggling
rabbi: Jewish priest (ଇହୁଦୀ ପୁରୋହିତ)
locksmith: one who makes locks (ଯିଏ ତାଲା ତିଆରି କରେ)
a bit picks : a little small, sharp-pointed instruments (ଟିକିଏ ବାଛି ନେଲେ)
quit: give up (ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା)
idol : somebody greatly admired or loved (ଆଦର୍ଶ)
catch sight of: see (ଦେଖିବା)
career : way of making a living; profession (ବୃଭି)
bobbed up : moved up quickly (ଦ୍ରୁତ ଗତିରେ ଉପରକୁ ଉଠିଲା)
paying off : rewarding (ପୁରସ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦାନକାରୀ)
sources : places from which information comes or is got (ସୂତ୍ର)
claims : says, declares (କହୁଛି, ଘୋଷଣା କରୁଛି)
punch (v) : strike hard with the fist (ମୁଠା ସାହାୟ୍ୟରେ ଜୋରରେ ପ୍ରହାର କରନ୍ତୁ)
tensed : stiffened or hardened (ଦୃଢ଼ୀଭୂତ)
withstand : resist (ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିବା)

Unit – III

Gist :
Houdini’s well-being concern the people. Everybody seems to be nervous. The doctors seem especially panicky. The reporter enquires of Dr. MaConnell about Houdini’s present condition. The doctor is really not aware of anything about him. Fifty minutes have gone. Other reporters are furiously taking track of Houdini’s adventurous mission. Time does not wait for anybody. Rinn announces – “Fifty minutes !” A group of grim-looking doctors seem to arguing with James Collins, Houdini’s assistant. Collins pleads his helplessness. The doctor advises him to be sensible and pull Houdini out of the box when an hour is up. Collins is adamant. The doctor insists him on responding to his advise. Collins contacts Houdini and apprising him of the doctors’ pressure on him to bring him out of the casket and an hour has passed. He gives them good news. Houdini is doing well. But the reporter’s anxiety continues.

Now one hour and thirteen minutes are up. Collins learns that the box has developed a leak and only a little trickle of water is entering. Houdini tells him that he faces no danger. The reporter promptly responds: “Houdini has nerves of steel.’’ This section comes to a terrific end. In spite of spending one hour and thirty-one minutes, underwater without air, Houdini emerges victorious. His secret lies in making very few body movements while in the box and taking short breaths. Houdini knows no panic. He has trained to reconcile himself to any situation. We see him in the reporter’s eyes: ‘You ’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini!’

Glossary:
on edge : nervous (ସ୍ନାୟବିକ)
exhaustion : tiredness (ଅବସାଦ)
superstitious: full of superstition (ଅନ୍ଧବିଶ୍ୱାସରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
grim : (here) anxious (ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠିତ)
sensible : intelligent (ବିଚକ୍ଷଣ)
urging : persuading (ପ୍ରରୋଚନା)
sprung a leak : appeared to have a leak (ଲିକ୍ ହୋଇଥିବା ଜଣାପଡ଼ିଥିଲା)
trickle : thin flow (ପତଳା ପ୍ରବାହ)
dizzy : feeling as if everything is whirling (ସବୁ ଘୂରିବା ଭଳି)
panic (v) : a sudden fright (ହଠାତ୍ ଭୟ)
calm : quiet (ଶାନ୍ତ)
fantastic : wonderful (ଅଦ୍ଭୁତ)

Think it out :

Question 1.
What was the feat that Houdini took up in Hotel Shelton?
Answer:
The feat that Houdini took up in Hotel Shelton was to remain in a sealed casket or coffin submerged in a swimming pool. He was to stay inside the tightly closed box for an hour and that too without air. According to Mr. Collins, his assistant, Houdini was serious about being buried alive.

Question 2.
What were Houdini’s purposes behind doing this miraculous act?
Answer:
Houdini’s purposes behind doing this miraculous act were to disprove science and thereby, to show that determination can shake mountains. It is well-known that man can only live only three minutes without air, but he is going to stay without air for over an hour. Houdini is committed and according to Collins: ‘Houdini does what he says.’

Question 3.
Discuss how he prepared to do the act.
Answer:
Houdini undertook a rigorous training for three weeks at a stretch. He practised the habit of holding his breath in the course of his underwater escapes. He trained long and hard with great patience before doing the act. He developed a mastery over his body control. Determination, hard work and calm acceptance of any challenge were his forte.

Question 4.
Focus on the role of the reporter during Houdini’s performance.
Answer:
From beginning to the end, the reporter had a keen watch on Houdini’s, spectacular performance in New York’s Hotel Shelton. He is the first to communicate Houdini’s ordeal in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton to the public. He always keeps on touch with Dr. McConnell, Collins, Houdini’s assistant and Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper. He probes Houdini’s past. As minutes trickle by, the reporter’s reaction fluctuates from anxiety to confidence. Houdini’s incredible feat of remaining in a sealed box, submerged in the swimming pool of the Hotel Shelton, overwhelms him. His admiration of Houdini’s knows no bound.

Question 5.
Describe some of Houdini’s previous achievements.
Answer:
Houdini was an Austrian-Hungarian born. American stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts from handcuffs and jails in the length and breadth of the country and Europe. Once he was handcuffed to the bars in a jail cell. While kissing him for good luck, his wife Bessie passed a small lock tool from her mouth to his. Several minutes later Houdini took his jailers by surprise. His handcuff was no more. He walked freely into their office. His underwater escape is another achievement. Besides, Houdini became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini.

Question 6.
Why does the reporter say to Houdini, You’re a fantastic man?
Answer:
The reporter here is a keen observer of Houdini’s miraculous act of remaining in a tightly-closed box, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and thirty minutes. Houdini comes out with flying colours, putting an end to everyone’s fear, tension and anxiety. That he is able to survive so long in such a situation bears the stamp of his determination. Houdini states that he had trained himself to remain calm in the face of any situation. These facts make the reporter say to Houdini, ‘You’re a fantastic man.’

Question 7.
Bring out the important aspects of Houdini’s character.
Answer:
Harry Houdini is a many-faceted character. He is a magician. He is also known for his sensational escape acts. He is an incredible stuntman. His act of remaining in a sealed box, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and a half is indeed unprecedented. He is the epitome of commitment. He does not understand the language of fear. To maintain calmness in any situation is his forte. We see him through the doctor’s eyes: ‘Houdini’s an amazing man!’ The reporter aptly remarks, ‘You’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini.’ Houdini’s life shows that an ordinary human being can achieve anything through determination and hard work.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The One and only Houdini Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Reporter Thanks, Mr. Collins. It’s hard to believe that a man can live without air for over an hour. Oh, here come the doctors. Dr. McConnell, have you seen Houdini?
Dr. MaConnell: Yes, I just checked his blood pressure and pulse rate. They’re both normal.
Reporter: How last without long do you think Houdini will air?
Dr. MaConnell: That’s a difficult question. When they seal the box, there will be enough oxygen inside for the average man to take fifty breaths. Houdini says he knows how to breathe easily and save the oxygen. He is in good condition, but still he’s fifty two years old. I’d guess he might be able to get by without air for fifteen minutes.
Reporter: And after that?
Dr. MaConnell: After that Houdini had better telephone for help or ring his alarm bell – if he still has the strength.
Reporter: Are you doctors worried?
Dr. MaConnell: Well, we’re concerned. Houdini’s no fool. He isn’t trying to kill himself. But there’s always the danger that he’ll pass out before he can signal for help.
Reporter: There’s Houdini now! He’s wearing a black swimming suit. For a man his age, his build is great. He’s smiling. He seems sure of himself. Now he’s motioning for silence!
Houdini: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming. As you know, it has often been written that a man can live only three minutes without air. I’m going to prove that that is wrong. If I die, it will be by the will of God and my own foolishness.
Reporter: Houdini’s in the box now. Several men are putting the iron cover in place. This is it! A man is soldering the cover. The box will be lowered into the shallow end of this pool. Then a team of swimmers will stand on the box to keep it level beneath the surface of the water. So far, the only person I’ve seen who doesn’t look nervous is Houdini. Well, they’re lowering the box. It’s under! Joseph Rinn, the official
timekeeper, has started the clock. Mr. Rinn, what are your plans?

Questions :
(i) Throw light on the conversation between the reporter and Dr. McConnell. What does it reveal?
(ii) What does the reporter tell us about Houdini’s imperial ordeal?

Answers :
(i) The reporter asks Dr. McConnell if he has checked Houdini. The doctor replies that his blood pressure and pulse rate are Both normal. The reporter asks the doctor how long he thinks Houdini will breathe. McConnell in his reply, states that the average man breaths fifty times in a sealed box, but Houdini is an exception. He knows the technique of breathing easily, but the doctor guessing he could remain without air for fifteen minutes. After that Houdini would be advised to seek help. The conversation between the two reveals their concern for Houdini.
(ii) The reporter apprises all of Houdini’s presence inside the box. After sealing it firmly, several men will put the box into the shallow end of the swimming pool. After that a team of swimmers will stand on it to maintain it level below the surface of the water. The reporter says that he has never seen such a person as Houdini, for he never looks nervous, despite this great ordeal. We also learn that Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper has a look at the watch.

Question 2.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Reporter: Well, Houdini is going past the limit suggested by Dr. Mc Connell! I wonder how his wife Bessie, is taking this. I haven’t been able to catch sight of her. She’s also a magician. After she married Houdini, they both had an act that played in many theatres. She dropped out after Houdini became famous for his escapes from handcuffs and jails throughout the country and in Europe. She still helped him, though. Once, after Houdini had been searched and handcuffed to the bars in a jail cell, she kissed him for good luck. It was more than good luck she offered. She also passed a lock pick from her mouth to his. Several minutes later, Houdini surprised his jailers by walking into their office.
Rinn: Twenty minutes!
Reporter: The tension here is growing. But tension has followed Houdini through most of his career. Take his underwater box escape, for example. He is handcuffed and chained. Then he’s put in a wooden box and it’s nailed shut. After that the box is dropped underwater. Minutes later Houdini swims to the surface. In that act, though, he uses tricks. He has lock picks and other special tools hidden on him or in the box. But there’s always the risk that the picks or tools will fail. Most people wouldn’t try Houdini’s escape tricks even if they knew how to do them.

Questions :
(i) Describe the part played by Bessie in Houdini’s life.
(ii) Describe of Houdini’s feat of underwater escape.

Answers :
(i) Houdini is widely known for his sensational escapes. Bessie, a magician, plays an important part in her husband’s life. Both had showed magic in many theatres. Houdini’s life is a saga of escape from handcuffs and jails in the length and breadth of the country and in Europe. Bessie stood by him through thick and thin. Once she kissed her husband for good luck. He was in a prison cell. In the course of offering her good luck, Bessie passed a small lock tool from her mouth to his. Several minutes later, the jailers, to their astonishment, saw Houdini walk into their office.
(ii) Houdini, handcuffed and chained, was put in a wooden box which was tightly sealed with nails. Then it was dropped underwater. After some minutes, Houdini swims to the surface safe and sound by using tricks, though he possesses lock picks and other special instruments not visible to others. This underwater box escape is one of Houdini’s wonderful feats.

Question 3.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Reporter: Well, one can only wonder how he’s doing in the box. He still has a long time to go. Of course, he is unusual. Did you know that he can tie and untie rope with either foot? That won’t help him now, but it’s another example of his body control. He also has great control of his chest muscles. Before he’s bound into a straitjacket, he fills his chest with air. Later, when he relaxes, he can move around inside the jacket. Perhaps it sounds easy. But others have tried the same trick and failed. There’s only one Houdini!
Rinn: Thirty minutes!
Reporter: Oh – oh! There’s trouble! One of the swimmers standing on the box has lost his balance. He’s failing into the water! Now the other swimmers are falling, too. The box has bobbed up above the water level. I wonder if Houdini caused the box to move. Mr. Collins, is Houdini all right?
Collins: Quiet, sir, I’m calling Houdini. Harry, can you hear me?
Houdini: Yes.
Collins: The swimmers fell off the box. They’re getting back on now. That’s what caused the movement of the box. Are you all right?
Houdini: Fine.
Reporter: Mr. Collins, Houdini’s voice sounded faint. Is he well?
Collins: That’s what he said. I believe him.
Rinn: Thirty-five minutes!
Reporter: Houdini’s training seems to be paying off. According to sources around here, he has been training for three weeks. Also, he probably learned a lot about holding his breath while doing his underwater escapes. Anyway, it’s no secret that Houdini always trains long and hard before he does anything for the public. He wants to be sure that he can do anything he claims he will do. And right now he seems on his way to an amazing success.
Rinn: Forty minutes!
Reporter: When I was talking before about Houdini’s chest muscles, I failed to mention his stomach. Quite often, he lets local strongmen punch him in the stomach as hard as they can. Of course, his stomach muscles are tensed, but they have to be almost as hard as steel to withstand the fists of big, strong men.

Questions :
(i) Give an account of Houdini’s chest muscles and stomach muscles.
(ii) What picture of Houdini do you get in the extract?

Answers :
(i) The reporter presents a very clear picture of Houdini’s chest and stomach muscles. He eloquently refers to Houdini’s great control of his chest muscles. Before being bound into a straitjacket, he fill his chest with air. But, in times of relaxation, he has the ability to move around inside the jacket. The reporter then throws light on Houdini’s stomach muscles. Very often, he allows local strong men punch his Stomach in the hardest possible manner. His stomach muscles tensed, but they have to be as hard as steel to resist the fists of big, strong men.
(ii) We see Houdini through the reporter’s eyes, “Of course, he is unusual.” He has the ability to tie and untie rope with either foot. He is remarkable for his great control over his chest muscles. Before being bound into a straightjacket, he pumps air into his chest. In his moments of relaxation, he is capable of moving around inside the jacket. But others have tried the same trick but in vain. The reporter aptly remarks, ‘There ‘s only one Houdini.’ Houdini resorts to rigorous training before he does anything for the public.

Question 4.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
Collins: All right. Houdini, can you hear me? You have just passed an hour. The doctors are urging me to pull you out. What do you say?
Houdini I’ll let you know when I’m ready.
Rinn: One hour and one minute!
Collins: Well, you heard him, gentlemen. He seems to be doing well.
Reporter: Rinn’s going to be calling out each minute from here on. I’ll get back to him. Meanwhile, I’d like to hear from one of the doctors. Is this a world’s record, Doctor?
Doctor: As far as I know, it is. If I weren’t here, I don’t think I would believe it. Houdini’s an amazing man!
Reporter: He certainly is, Doctor, and thank you. Well, people are whispering to one another around the pool. When Houdini passed the hour mark, some of the crowd seemed to relax somewhat. Still Houdini is far from safe. I’m going to try to pick up the time.
Rinn: One hour and thirteen minutes!
Reporter: Did you hear that? What a man. Wait! Collins has a call from Houdini.
Collins: Had enough, sir?
Houdini: No. The box has sprung a leak. But there’s no danger. Only a slight trickle of water is coming in.
Collins: Are you sure?
Houdini: Yes.
Reporter: Houdini has nerves of steel. He’s under there with no air, and the water is leaking in on him. Yet he’s going to stay.
Rinn: One hour and twenty-five minutes.
Reporter: I must say, I wish he would come up. I’m probably more nervous than he is. Even Collins seems to be showing some concern.
Rinn: One hour and thirty minutes.
Reporter: This may be it! Collins has a call.
Houdini: Jim, get me up.
Reporter: They’re raising the box. Now they’re opening it. I wish they’d hurry.
Rinn: One hour and thirty-one minutes.
Reporter: Dr. McConnell has Houdini’s arms. He’s checking the magician’s pulse and blood pressure. How is he, Doctor?
Dr. McConnell: His pulse and blood pressure are very low. The man’s suffering from exhaustion.
Houdini: Nonsense! I feel a little dizzy, that’s all! If I do an hour or so of exercise. I’ll feel fine.
Reporter: Mr. Houdini, congratulations! How did you do it? Was it a trick?
Houdini: It was no trick. I took a series of deep breaths before the cover was soldered on. I made very few body movements while in the box and took short breaths. That’s all. I certainly hope that trapped coal miners and deep-sea divers take a lesson from this.
Reporter: How can they take a lesson from your performance. Mr. Houdini? You’re in perfect physical condition.
Houdini: They must learn not to panic. If you panic, your body needs more air. I have trained myself to remain calm in all situations. Everyone should do the same.

Questions :
(i) Describe Collin’s contact with Houdini.
(ii) What happens after Houdini comes out of the box?

Answers :
(i) The doctor and the reporter are concerned about Houdini, because there has been no sign from the man in the box yet. They insist on Collins, Houdini’s assistant, to talk to him. Collins informs him of the passage of an hour and the doctors pressure on him to pull him (Houdini) out. Collins waits for his reply. He learns that he is doing well and shares this information with them. Collins gets a call from Houdini concerning the leak in the box and a slight trickle of water coming in.
(ii) After Houdini comes out of the iron box in a triumphant fashion, the reporter congratulated him on remaining for one hour and thirty-one minutes in a sealed box and that too submerged in a swimming pool. He asks Houdini if he had resorted to a trick for his success. Houdini says that there was no trick. He had taken a series of deep breaths before the cover of the box was firmly fixed with solder. During his stay inside the box, he made few body movements and took short breaths. Above all, he has trained himself to remain calm in the face of any situation. In the reporter’s view, Houdini is a fantastic man.

Introducing the Author :
Dr. Robert Lado is one of the founders of contrastive linguistics which as a sub-disciple of applied linguistics served the purpose of improving language teaching material. He is a prolific writer. His works include over 60 books and many articles that deal with various topics ranging from linguistics to language testing and cross-cultural understanding.

About the Story :
‘The One and Only Houdini’, as the title signifies, throws light on Houdini’s miraculous act. Houdini’s second variation on Buried Alive was an endurance test designed to expose mystical Egyptian performer Rahman Bey, who claimed to use supernatural powers to remain in a sealed casket for an hour. Houdini bettered Bey on August 5, 1926, by remaining in a sealed casket, or coffin, submerged in the swimming pool of New York’s Hotel Shelton for one hour and a half. Houdini claimed he did not use any trickery or supernatural powers to accomplish this feat, just controlled breathing.

Summary :
It was August 5, 1926. All eyes were set on the swimming pool at New York’s Hotel Shelton. James Collins, Houdini’s assistant, Dr. Mc Connell and Joseph Rinn, the official time-keeper were present. People were gathering gradually at the pool. They were placing the iron box near the pool’s edge. It comprised a telephone and an alarm bell with batteries.

Harry Houdini clad in a black swimming suit appeared there. He was fifty-two, yet he was in good physical condition. Before getting inside the box, Houdini thanked everyone for coming to see his performance. He was going to disprove the theory that a man could live only three minutes without air. Houdini was inside the box now. Then it was tightly sealed. A team of swimmers would stand on the box before it was submerged in the swimming pool. The swimmers were instructed to keep the box level beneath the surface of the water as a result of which Houdini will not be moved backwards and forwards. The countdown started.

Houdini who was keen on going without air for an hour made him an object of attention. His success would come out in all newspapers all over the world. The reporter probed Houdini’s past. His real name was Ehrich Weiss, who was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. He was interested in magic. He became a professional magician under the name of Harry Houdini. He was married. Houdini was widely known for his sensational escape acts. Bessie had played a great role in her husband’s life. Minutes trickled by. Nobody knows what Houdini was doing inside the box. He had undertaken this ordeal after undergoing rigorous training for three weeks. Houdini possessed strong chest muscles. His tough stomach muscles resisted the fists of big, strong men.

With the passing of minutes, fear and anxiety gripped the people. There was no response from Houdini. The doctor in particular advised Collins to pull him out of the box when an hour was up. After interacting with Houdini, Collins declared that he seems to have smooth sailing. Doctor’s anxiety gave way to admiration. Houdini was an amazing man! Collins got a call from him. The box had developed a leak and only a slight trickle of water was entering. Everybody was understandably concerned. It was now one hour and thirty minutes. The box was opened. To everyone’s stunned disbelief, Houdini emerged out of it with flying colours. The reporter congratulated him. One key to his achievement lay in his ability to be calm in the face of any situation. The topic comes to close with the reporter’s fabulous remark, ‘You’re a fantastic man, Mr. Harry Houdini!’

ସାରାଂଶ :

Harry Houdini ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଯାଦୁକର । ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ Bessie ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଯାଦୁକର ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଉଭୟ ଅନେକ ମ୍ୟାଜିକ୍ ସୋ ଦେଖାଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କର ସବୁଠୁ ଭଲ ସୋ ଥିଲା, Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଟକପ୍ ପକାଇଦେଲେ ସେ ଆପଣାଛାଏଁ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡକପ୍ ଖୋଲିଦେଇ ଚାଲିଆସୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ରଖୁଲେ ସେ ଆପେ ଆପେ କୂଳରେ ଲାଗିଯାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଯାଦୁଖେଳର ୟୁରୋପରେ ଖୁବ୍ ନାଁ ଥିଲା । ଦିନେ Houdini ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ ଯେ ସେ ଗୋଟେ ନିବୁଜ ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ରହିବେ ଓ ବାକ୍ସଟି ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଯିବ । ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍, କଲିଂବେଲ ରହିବ । କିଛି ଲୋକ ବାକ୍ସଟିକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ସ୍ଥିର ଭାବରେ ଧରି ରଖୁବେ । ବିଜ୍ଞାନ କୁହେ, ମଣିଷ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ମାତ୍ର ତିନିମିନିଟ୍ ରହିପାରିବ। ମାତ୍ର ସେ ପ୍ରମାଣ କରିଦେବେ ଯେ ସେ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟାକାଳ ରହିପାରିବେ ।

Houdini ଙ୍କ ଅଲୌକିକ ଘଟଣା ଦେଖିବାକୁ ସେଦିନ ପୋଖରୀ କୂଳରେ ହଜାର ହଜାର ଲୋକ ଭିଡ଼ ଜମାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀ Collins ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୁରୁଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ବୁଝାଉଥାଏ । Dr. Mcconnell ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଥାଆନ୍ତି, କାଳେ କିଛି ଅଘଟଣ ଘଟିବ । Rinn ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଥାଆନ୍ତି ସମୟ ଗଣିବେ । ପ୍ରତି ପାଞ୍ଚ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ଥରେ ଲେଖାଏଁ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବେ । ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ଡେଇଁଗଲାପରେ ଯଦି Houdini ନ ଆସନ୍ତି ଓ ଭଲ ଥାଆନ୍ତି, ତେବେ ସେ ତେଣିକି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଏକ ମିନିଟ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବେ । Houdini ଧୀର ଓ ହସହସ ମୁହଁରେ ଆସିଲେ । ସେ ସମବେତ ଜନତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିବାଦନ ଜଣାଇଲେ ଓ କହିଲେ, ମୁଁ ଆଜି ବିଜ୍ଞାନର ନିୟମକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି । ଯଦି ସଫଳ ହେଲି ଭଲକଥା । ଯଦି ମରିଗଲି, ତା ହେଲେ ଜାଣିବ, ଈଶ୍ବର ବୋଧହୁଏ ମୋର ମୁର୍ଖମିକୁ ସହିଲେ ନାହିଁ । Houdini ବାକ୍ସରେ ପଶିଲେ । ତା’ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ହୃତ୍‌ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ନାଡ଼ି ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରି ଦେଖୁଥିଲେ ଯେ ସେ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସୁସ୍ଥ ଅଛନ୍ତି । ଏଥର ବାକ୍ସକୁ ଭଲଭାବରେ ନିବୁଜ କରାଗଲା । ତାକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ରଖାଗଲା ଓ କିଛିଲୋକ ବାସଟିକୁ ପାଣିଭିତରେ ସ୍ଥିରକରି ରଖୁଲେ । ଏଣେ Rinn ଗଣନା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ ।

ମିନିଟ୍ ପରେ ମିନିଟ୍ ଗଡ଼ିଚାଲିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକ ଜଣକ Collins ଓ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ Houdini ଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଖବର ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରୁଥାନ୍ତି । ସେ ଜଣେ ଦକ୍ଷ ଯାଦୁକର । ସେ ନିଜ ଦେହରୁ ହାତକାଢ଼ି ନେଉଥିଲେ । ସେ ୧୮୭୪ ମସିହାରେ Appleton ରେ ଜନ୍ମ ନେଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରକୃତ ନାଁ Enrich Weiss I ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାର ଖୁବ୍‌ ଗରିବ ଥିଲା । ଏଣୁ ସେ ପିଲାଟି ଦିନରୁ ପରିବାର ପୋଷିବାପାଇଁ କାମ କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ହ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡକପ୍ ଖୋଲିବାର କଳାକୌଶଳ ଶିଖୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବେଳେବେଳେ ଫରାସି ଯାଦୁକର Robert Houdini ଙ୍କ ରଚିତ କିଛି ବହି ପଢ଼ି ଖୁବ୍ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହେଲେ ଓ ନିଜ ନାଁ ବଦଳାଇ ନିଜକୁ Harry Houdini ନାମରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଇଲେ । ସମୟ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଥାଏ । Rinn ପାଞ୍ଚ, ଦଶ, ପନ୍ଦର, କୋଡ଼ିଏ ଏମିତି ଗଣିଚାଲିଥାଆନ୍ତି । ଯେଉଁ ଲୋକମାନେ ବାକ୍ସକୁ ଧରିଥିଲେ, ସେମାନେ ଖସି ପଡ଼ିଲେ । ଲୋକମାନେ ଉତ୍କଣ୍ଠିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ଭାବିଲେ, Houdini ବୋଧହୁଏ ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରୁଛନ୍ତି । Collins ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍ ଲଗାଇ ପଚାରିଲେ Houdini! | 66 ଅଛନ୍ତି ? ସେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ, ଭଲ ଅଛି’’ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ମତଦେଲେ, ବାକ୍ସଭିତରେ ଯେତିକି ବାୟୁ ଅଛି ସେଥ‌ିରେ ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ପଚାଶ ଥର ନିଃଶ୍ବାସ ନେଇପାରିବ । ତା’ପରେ ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଅଶ୍ୱସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କରିବ । ସେ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ବାକ୍ସ ଖୋଲିବାକୁ କହିବେ । Collins କହିଲେ – ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଯେତିକି ଜାଣିଛି, ସେ ସମୟ କେବେ ଆସିବ ନାହିଁ । କାରଣ Houdini କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ପାଞ୍ଚ ଦଶଥର ପରୀକ୍ଷା ନ କରି ଜଣଙ୍କ ଆଗରେ ପେଶ୍ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।

ବେଳକୁ ବେଳ ସାମ୍ବାଦିକଙ୍କ ଭିଡ଼ ଜମିଲା । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ । ସେମାନେ କହିଲେ – ଏହା ଏକ ଆତ୍ମଘାତୀ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ । Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ଏଥୁରୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରାଯାଉ । ଏହା ଭିତରେ ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ବି ହୋଇଗଲା । ଲୋକମାନେ କିଛି ସମୟପାଇଁ ଖୁସି ଦେଖାଗଲେ । ଭାବିଲେ, ଏଥର Houdini ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ କହିବେ । ମାତ୍ର ସେମିତି କିଛି ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିବାରୁ Collins ପୁଣିଥରେ ଟେଲିଫୋନ୍ ଲଗାଇ ପଚାରିଲେ – Houdini ! ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ ବାଧ୍ୟକରୁଛନ୍ତି ବାହାରକୁ ଆସିବାପାଇଁ । Houdini ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଲେ – ମୁଁ କହିଲେ ମତେ ଉପରକୁ ନେବ । ଏଥର ଲୋକମାନେ କୁହାକୁହି ହେଲେ – Houdini ନିଃଶ୍ଵାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ଵାସ ରୋଧ କରିବା ତାଲିମ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ବିନା ବାୟୁରେ ରହିବାର କୌଶଳ ଶିଖ୍ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଭିତରେ ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟା ତିରିଶ ମିନିଟ୍ ହେଲା । ଏଥର Houdini ଙ୍କ ଠାରୁ ସଂକେତ ଆସିଲା ତାଙ୍କ ବାହାରକୁ ଆଣିବାପାଇଁ । ଲୋକମାନେ ଏକଘଣ୍ଟା ଏକତିରିଶ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ବାକ୍ସ ଖୋଲିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତରମାନେ Houdiniଙ୍କ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କଲେ । କିଛି ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ ହୋଇନଥିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ Houdiniଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିନନ୍ଦନ ଜଣାଇଲେ ।

ଏଥର ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ Houdini ଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରିଲେ ଏହା କେମିତି ସଂଭବ ହେଲା ? Houdini କହିଲେ ଏଥ‌ିରେ ଯାଦୁବିଦ୍ୟା ନାହିଁ । ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧନା ମାତ୍ର । ମୁଁ ନିଃଶ୍ଵାସ ରୋଧ କରିବା ଶିଖୁ ଯାଇଛି । ଏହା ମତେ ଏତେ ସମୟ ବାକ୍ସ ଭିତରେ ବଞ୍ଚାଇ ରଖୁ । ଶ୍ଵାସକ୍ରିୟା ଖୁବ୍ ମନ୍ଥର ଥିଲା । ସାମ୍ବାଦିକମାନେ ପଚାରିଲେ – ଆପଣ ଯୁବଗୋଷ୍ଠୀଙ୍କୁ କି ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦେବେ ? Houdini କହିଲେ – ସେମାନେ ଭୟ କରିବା ଛାଡ଼ି ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ । ସେମାନେ ଯେ କୌଣସି ପରିସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ସହଜ, ସରଳ ଓ ଶାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସାମ୍ନା କରିବାକୁ ଶିଖନ୍ତୁ । ସମସ୍ତେ Houdini ଙ୍କର ଜୟଗାନ କଲେ ।

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(k) Textbook Exercise questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Exercise 9(k)

Evaluate the following Integrals:
Question 1.
(i) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{d x}{1+\tan x}\)dx
Solution:

(ii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{\sin x}}{\sqrt{\sin x}+\sqrt{\cos x}}\)dx
Solution:

(iii) \(\int_0^1 \frac{\ln (1+x)}{2+x^2}\)dx (x = tan θ)
Solution:

(iv) \(\int_0^\pi \frac{x d x}{1+\sin x}\)
Solution:

Question 2.
(i) \(\int_{-a}^a\)x⁴ dx
Solution:

(ii) \(\int_{-a}^a\)(x⁵ + 2x² + x) dx
Solution:

(iii) \(\int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\)cos² x dx
Solution:

(iv) \(\int_{-\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{6}}\)sin⁵ x dx
Solution:
Let f(x) = sin⁵ x
Then f(-x) = sin⁵ (-x)
= -sin⁵ x = -f(x)
So f(x) is an odd function.
Thus \(\int_{-a}^a\)f(x) dx = 0
\(\int_{-\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{6}}\)sin⁵ x dx = 0

Question 3.
(i) \(\int_0^\pi\)cos³ x dx
Solution:

(ii) \(\int_0^\pi\)cos² x dx
Solution:

(iii) \(\int_0^\pi\)sin³ x cos x dx
Solution:
\(\int_0^\pi\)sin³ x cos x dx
[Put sin x = t, then cos x dx = dt
When x = 0, t = 0, when x = π, t = 0
\(\int_0^\pi\)t³ dt = 0

(iv) \(\int_0^\pi\)sin x cos² x dx
Solution:

Question 4.
Show that
(i) \(\int_0^1 \frac{\ln x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) dx = \(\frac{\pi}{2} \ln \frac{1}{2}\)
Solution:

(ii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\cos x-\sin x}{1+\sin x \cos x}\) dx = 0
Solution:

(iii) \(\int_0^\pi\)x ln sin x dx = \(\frac{\pi^2}{2} \ln \frac{1}{2}\)
Solution:

Question 5.
(i) \(\int_0^{\pi / 2}\)ln (tan x + cot x) dx
Solution:

(ii) \(\int_0^\pi \frac{x \tan x-\sin x}{1+\sin x \cos x}\) dx
Solution:

(iii) \(\int_1^3 \frac{\sqrt{x} d x}{\sqrt{4-x}+\sqrt{x}}\)
Solution:

(iv) \(\int_0^\pi \frac{x \sin x d x}{1+\cos ^2 x}\)
Solution:

(v) \(\int_0^1\)x (1 – x)¹⁰⁰ dx
Solution:

(vi) \(\int_{\pi / 6}^{\pi / 3} \frac{d x}{1+\sqrt{\cot x}}\)
Solution:

(vii) \(\int_0^{50}\)e^x-[x] dx
Solution:

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Business Letter Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Business Letter Writing

Business Letters

A business letter is written for a particular purpose. Its aim is to transact some particular business. For example The letter you write to a sports-goods firm asking for information about their products and the reply they send you are business letter.
A business letter normally has seven parts some of which are not found in personal letters.
1. Sender’s address at the top right-hand comer.

2. The Date:
As in the personal letter, the date is written or typed on the right below the sender’s address.

3. The Inside Address:
The address is placed on the left, two or three lines below the line of the date (which is on the right). Each line of the address begins on the left margin. Here are some examples :
Shenai and Shenai
Auditors
Court Chambers
Chennai – 400020
The Divisional Superintendent
Central Railway
Vijayawada – 520001

4. The Salutation:
Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, and Madam – are the most common forms.

5. The body of the letter:
This part contains the actual message to be conveyed – make your letter brief, clear and courteous. The letter need not be stiff or cold. Avoid the old formulas which were fashionable. Here are some old phrases that are no longer used : Yours of ever date to hand at your earliest convenience.

6. The subscription of the complimentary close:
The most common forms in business letters are ‘Yours truly’, and ‘Yours faithfully’. In very formal letters such as letters to high dignitaries, you will find ‘Yours respectfully’, ‘Yours obediently’ or ‘Your obedient servant’. If you have used a personal name in the salutation, the subcription should be ‘Yours sincerely’.

7. The Signature:
The formal letter requires your full signature. Characteristics of a good business letter
1. A business letter must be courteous and considerable
2. It should be precise and clear.
3. It must be complete.
4. A business letter must be brief.

Activity 9

Here is a letter about the introduction of a new mosquito-repellant. Read it carefully, paying attention to the various points.

Quality Marketing Agency
27 Janpath, Bhubaneswar

4 March, 20

To
Mr. M.K. Pradhan
Managing Director
Home Products India Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Mancheswar, Bhubaneswar.
Dear Mr. Pradhan,
As requested by you, vide your letter No. MD/NS/2233 dated 2.2.20 we have carried out a market survey to check the public’s acceptance of the new mosquito repellant which your company plans to manufacture. We conducted an opinion poll covering 1000 families in the coastal districts of Orissa. Forty percent of these families use mosquito repellants, but most of them are unhappy with the existing products in the market. They find the electronic repellants too expensive while the coil-based ones emit too much smoke.

The preference is for an expensive product, preferably one that produces no smoke. Our study suggests there may be a good market for a new repellant, provided these requirements are kept in mind. We recommend that your company should concentrate on manufacturing an improved kind of smoke-free mosquito coil, preferably one that produces a pleasant fragrance.
Yours sincerely,
S.K. Patnaik Director of
Research Quality
Marketing Agency

Answer the following questions.
1. Who made the request for the study?
2. By whom was the study made?
3. What was the purpose of the study?
4. What kind of procedure was used for the study?
5. What were the findings from the study?
6. What was the conclusion arrived at?
7. What was the recommendation made?
Did you observe that Mr. S. K. Patnaik did not use the official letter format as he was using a printed letterhead?

Answer:
1. Mr. A. K. Pradhan, the Managing Director, of Home Products India Ltd, had made the request for the study.
2. The study was made by the Quality Marketing Agency.
3. The purpose of the study was to test the public’s acceptance of a new mosquito repellant.
4. The Quality Marketing Agency conducted an opinion poll covering a thousand families in the coastal district of Orissa to know their opinion on mosquito repellants available in the market.
5. The study revealed that people were not satisfied either with electronic repellants or coil-based ones. They showed a preference for a less expensive product and that which produces no smoke.
6. It was concluded that there is a market for a new repellant that is less expensive. Besides, it produces no smoke.
7. It was recommended that Home Products Ltd. should manufacture a smoke-free mosquito coil and one that produces a pleasant smell.

Activity 10

Imagine that you are the President of the Literary Society of your College. Your Society plans to publish a journal. You have asked the Secretary of the Society to contact all the printing firms in the town and to select one of them to print your journal.
Here is the letter that the Secretary submitted to you. Some parts of the letter are missing. Supply the missing parts.

LITERARY SOCIETY
………………… COLLEGE

5 February,

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
S. Pujari
Secretary

Answer:

Literary Society
B.J.B. College, Bhubaneswar

5 February, 20

To
Prof. B. Pujari
President
Literary Society
Sir,
As desired by you a team consisting of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the society contacted all five printing firms in town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal. A team consisting of the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of the Society contacted all five printing firms in the town and obtained quotations from them for the printing of the proposed journal.

All the firms quoted the same price, that is, Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten percent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing. Since we do not need the copies of the journal till a month later, we could consider the offer of Rasmita Printers as it will cost us Rs. 500/- less than the offers quoted by other printing firms.
Yours faithfully,
Puja Udgata
Secretary

Activity 11

A customer approached a bank for a house-building loan. Before sanctioning the loan, the Branch Manager asked the Field Officer to examine the application and suggest whether the loan should be sanctioned. The following is the letter that the Field Officer wrote. Some parts of the letter are missing. Re-write the missing parts, using the hints supplied.

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3rd March,

To
Mr. M. Mishra
Branch Manager
SBI PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar.
Sir,
1. As described by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February, I examined the application of Mr. J. K. Panda for a house-building loan. (inspection of the site – examination of documents – Mr. Panda interviewed)
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveals : (ownership and size of the plot – whether the plot is a disputed one – Mr. Panda’s monthly income, and whether any other loan has been taken by Mr. Panda – Conclusion).
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Answer:

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3 March, 20.

Prof. M. Mishra
Branch Manager SBI
PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar
Sir,
1. As desired by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February 20, I examined the application of Mr. J.K. Panda for a house-building loan. I also personally inspected the site, interviewed Mr. Panda, and examined the documents relating to the plot.
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveal that the site is an undisputed one. To date, all land cess has been paid and the plot is litigation free. Mr. J.K. Panda is the owner of the plot and he has clear papers certifying its ownership. The plot is 112 decimals in size and its market value is around Rs. 8.00 lakhs. Mr. Panda also has a regular income of Rs. 15,000 and has no outstanding loan in his account.
3. As Mr. Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended.
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text B: Typing your own Blood Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 1 Text B: Typing your own Blood

Activity – 8

Comprehension:
Question 1.
What does typing someone’s blood mean?
Answer:
Typing someone’s blood means determining the exact type of blood a person usually has. It was make one know one’s blood – group whether ‘A’ or ‘B’ or ‘O’.

Question 2.
What materials are necessary to type one’s blood? Which paragraphs tell you about these materials?
Answer:
Alcohol – soaked cotton balls, sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1ml. of saline solution, anti-A anti- B and anti- Rhserum with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides, a grease pencil, a posture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low-heat sources are used on typing one’s blood.

Question 3.
What are the three stages of experimental process described in this text? Name them.
Answer:
First label one slide Rh with a grease pencil and place it under the low-heat source. Divide the cool slide into two equal portions labeling one side A and B and a drop of anti- Rh to warm the Rh slide. In the second stage, use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab your middle or ring finger opening the sterile lancet prick the sterile finger once. Collect several drop of blood in the tube containing saline solution. In the third stage, using the porture pipette, transfer one drop of saline solution containing blood to each of the anti- A, anti- B and anti-Rh serums using a separate applicator stick. Two or three minutes after clumping should have appeared in one or three of the areas. This clumping determines what kind of blood a person has. The stages can be named as preparatory stage, experimental stage and conclusive stage.

Activity – 9

Remedial Grammar:
Like your Rh- slide experiment, you have only two tense forms of most of the English verbs, e.g. “go” and “went”. “Gone” is not a tense form. In association with the other auxiliary verbs, it gives a sense of completion of an activity“has gone”ora passive sense “is done”. Hence like Rh+ or Rh-. English verbs can be either in past tense or non-past tense.

Similarly like your blood grouping. A, B, AB or O, we can have the aspects of perfect (have + V + en), progressive (be + V + ing), perfect progressive (both combined or simple neither, perfect, nor progressive). These four aspects of either past or non-past give us the 8 types of verb groups. In addition to these two tenses and four aspects we can find do operations or model auxiliaries as elements ofa very group.

In the first sentences of the text, the verb is……used. You can see that it is be + v + en structure in simple non-past tense form. Hence, is a simple non-past passive structure. Similarly, find out the aspect, tense and voice of the following verb groups: Illustrates has finished is doing had been completed was being conducted.

Tense	Aspects	Voice
(i) Past	(a) simple	(i) Active
	(b)perfect
(ii) Non-past	(c) progressive	(ii) Passive
	(d)Perfect Progressive

Answer:

Verb groups	Tense	Aspects	Voice
Illustrate	Non-past	Simple	Active
has finished	Non-past	Perfective	Active
is doing	Non-past	Progressive	Active
had been completed	Past	Perfective	Passive
was being conducted	Past	Progressive	Passive

Activity -10

Composition:
In the passage you have step-by-step instructions on how to test and categorize your blood. Write instructions to carry out one of the following tasks.
(a) Teaching your friend how to make tea/cake/an omelette.
(b) Instructing a new friend how to reach your home.
(c) How to fix a fuse wire on your main switch.
Answer:
(a) How to make tea:
Ingredients: water, sugar, tea dust, boiled milk.
Instruments: stove, fry pan, a flat metal piece, spoon, a seive.

Preparation:
(i) Fire the stove.
(ii) Pour required cups of water.
(iii) Mix spoons of sugar as required.
(iv) Add one/two spoons of tea or as required.
(v) Serve the hot solution.
(vi) Add boiled milk to it.
(vii) Serve it in cups.

Extra Activity – 10(A)

B.(i) Derive adjectives from the following words in the text:
words – adjectives
thank – thankful
prepare – preparatory
talk – talkative
servility- servile
compel – compulsory
wisdom – wise
pleasure – pleasant
value- valuable
importance- important
success- successful
luck- lucky
proportion- proportional
enthusiasm- enthusiastic
completion- complete
reproach- reproachful
satisfy- satisfactory
reluctantly- reluctant
pleasure- pleasant
hastiness- haste
trouble- troublesome
persuade- persuasive
purpose- perposefiil
anger- angry
thought- thoughtful
child- children
despise- despicable
triviality- trivial
poverty- poor
necessity- necessary
deceive- deceptive/deceitful
sympathy- sympathetic
passion- passionate
clarity- clear
day- diurnal
night- nocturnal
truth- true
regularity- regular
respect- respectful
forget- forgetful
exhaust- exhaustive
fool- foolish
contempt- contemptuous
falsity- false
money- monetary
anxiety- anxious
continually- continual
pretend – pretentious
superiority- superior
misery- miserable

(ii) Derive adverbs from the following:

Words – Adverbs
thoughtful- thoughtfully
pleasant- pleasantly
reproachful- reproachfully
complete- completely
gradual- gradually
real- realty
excellent- excellently
passionate- passionately
filth- filthily
deep- deeply
full- folly
attract- attractively
possible- possibly
hunger- hungrily
exhaust- exhaustively
hesitate- hesitatingly
watch- watchfully
sharp- sharply
transitory- transitorily
rich- richly
strange- strangely
ordinary- ordinarily
desire- desirety
force- forcefully
strength- strongly
empty- emptity
foolish- foolishly
continual- continually
eternal- eternally
wonder- wonderfully
compel- compulsorily
respect- respectfully
necessary- necessarily
despicable- despicably
regular- regularly
contempt- contemptuously
anxiety- anxiously
misery- miserable

(iii) Say which words of the following in the text are nouns and which are adjectives:

happiness- Noun
good- Adjective
long- Adjective
flight- Noun
excess- Adjective
horrible- Adjective
ugly- Adjective
praise- Noun
bitter- Adjective
sleep- Noun
transitory- Adjective
happy- Adjective
mild- Noun
appearance- Noun
water- Noun
river- Noun
empty- Adjective
foolish- Adjective
years- Noun
folly- Noun
knowledge- Noun
Mortification- Noun
arrogance- Noun
intellectual- Adjective
penitence- Noun
voice- Noun
inward- Adjective
salvation- Adjective
power- Adjective
priest- Noun
madness- Noun
futile- Adjective
special- Adjective
crystal- Noun
depth- Noun
grateful- Adjective
new- Adjective
guest- Noun
hut- Noun
clothes – Noun
current- Noun
affection- Noun
secure- Adjective
bread- Noun
enjoyment- Noun
origin- Noun
despair- Noun
night- Noun
studies- Noun

(iv) Write antonyms of the following:
greatest- smallest
long- short
successful- unsuccessful
everywhere- nowhere
mature- immature
old- new
reality- appearance
real- unreal
presence- absence
true- false
agree- disagree
begin- end
wise- foolish
quickly- slowly
reach- depart
join- separate
remember- forget
small- big /great
back- front
conscious- unconscious
pallid- bright
obtain- lose
compare- contrast
fresh- stale
straighten- bend
hope- hopelessness/despair
win-lose /defeat
injustice- justice
take- give
sorrow- pleasure
much- less
stronger- weaker
completely- incompletely
remember- forget
compared- contrasted
difference- similarity
disappeared- appeared
secure- insecure
knowledge- ignorance
inward- outward
new-old
despair- hope

Section – C
Between men and women, who are the stronger? Who are more intelligent? Who are biologically superior? Why do you think so?
Discuss these questions in small groups and write down your most important arguments. Now read the following title on the differences between men and women.

Typing your own Blood Summary in English

Even if you do not wish to learn your blood type, the exercise is useful, because it familiarises you with some simple laboratory techniques, illustrates the use of basic equipment and prepare you to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure. In order to type your own blood, you need alcohol-soaked, soaked cotton balls, a sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1 ml. of saline solution; anti – A, anti – B and anti – Rh serums with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides; a greased pencil; a pasture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low heat sources. One can make a typing of one’s own blood with these terms.

Analytical Outlines

• Of course, we don’t wish to learn about our blood type.
• Exercise is useful to us.
• It familiarises us with some sample laboratory techniques.
• It illustrates the use of basic equipment.
• It prepares us to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure.
• We can type our own blood.
• We need some equipment to do this.
• We require alcohol-soaked cotton balls.
• We require sterile lancet.
• We need a small test tube containing 1 ml of saline solution.
• We require anti-A
• We need anti-B
• We require anti-Rh serums with individual eye droppers.
• We require two microscope slides.
• We need a grease pencil.
• We require a Pasteur pipette.
• We need three applicator sticks.
• We also require a warm fluorescent light.
• We also need other low-heat sources.
• We require label one slide Rh with grease pencil.
• We have to place this slide under the low heat source.
• We have to divide the cool slide into two equal portion.
• We have to label one side as A and the other side B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti-A – A serum to slide – A.
• We have to apply one drop anti-B serum to slide – B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti – Rh serum to work Rh slide.
• We have to use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab the middle or ring finger.
• We have to allow the excess alcohol to evaporate.
• After opening the sterile lancet, prick the sterile finger once.
• Now we have to collect several drops of blood in the test tube.
• The test tube also contains the saline solution.
• Now, we have to mix the solution.
• Again, we have to hold another sterile cotton ball over the cut.
• We have to allow the blood to clot.
• We have to transfer a drop of saline solution.
• It contains blood.
• It is transferred to anti-A.
• One drop is transferred to anti-B.
• Another drop is transferred to anti – Rh
• It is mixed using a separate applicator stick.
• It is allowed two or three minutes.
• Now, clumping should have appeared in A and B.
• Clumping denotes O blood.
• Rh – clumping means the blood is Rh- positive.
• The absence of Rh- clumping indicates it is Rh – negative

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

blood type – blood group
familiarise – intimate, make well-known
techniques – principles processes
illustrate – to explain, exemplify, show
I basic – fundamental, main, original
equipment – necessary instruments
procedure – principles, techniques
alcohol – pure spirit
soaked – absorbed
sterile – completely free from the seeds of disease
contain – comprise
saline – pertaining to salt
serum- liquid from of blood.
microscope – a magnifying instrument

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 11 Differential Equations Ex 11(c) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 11 Differential Equations Exercise 11(c)

Find the solutions of the following differential equations:
Question 1.
(x + y) dy + (x – y) dx = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 2.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 3.
(x² – y²) dx + 2xy dy = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 4.
x\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + \(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\) = y
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 5.
x (x + y) dy = (x² + y²) dx
Solution:


This is the required solution.

Question 6.
y² + x² \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = xy \(\frac{d y}{d x}\)
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

This is the required solution.

Question 7.
x sin\(\frac{y}{x}\) dy = \(\left(y \sin \frac{y}{x}-x\right)\)dx
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 8.
x dy – y dx= \(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\) dx
Solution:

This is the required solution.

Question 9.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{y-x+1}{y+x+5}\)
Solution:
Given equation is


This is the required solution.

Question 10.
(x – y) dy = (x + y + 1) dx
Solution:
Given equation can be written as


This is the required solution.

Question 11.
(x – y – 2) dx + (x – 2y – 3) dy = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as


This is the required solution.

Question 12.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{3 x-7 y+7}{3 y-7 x-3}\)
Solution:
Given equation can be written as


This is the required solution.

Question 13.
(2x + y + 1) dx + (4x + 2y – 1) dy = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

⇒ 2z + ln (z – 1) = 3x + C
⇒ 2 (2x + y) + ln (2x + y – 1 ) = 3x + C
⇒ (x + 2y) + ln (2x + y – 1 ) = C
This is the required solution.

Question 14.
(2x + 3y – 5)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 3x + 2y – 5 = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 15.
(4x + 6y + 5) dx – (2x + 3y + 4) dy = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as


This is the required solution.

Odisha State Board  BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 4 फिर महान बन Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Hindi Solutions Poem 4 फिर महान बन

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दो बाक्यों में दीजिए :
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କା ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ୟା ଦୋ ବାର୍କୋ ର୍ମେ ଦିଜିଏ )।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ )

(क) कवि ने मनुष्य से क्या बनने को कहा?
ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୋ କିସ୍ ପ୍ରକାର କା ମନ ମିଲା ହୈ ? ଉସେ ୱହ କ୍ୟା କର ସକତା ହୈ ? (ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାରର ମନ ମିଳଛି ? ସେଥ‌ିରେ ସେ କ’ଣ କରିପାରିବ ?)
उत्तर:
कवि ने मनुष्य से महान / श्रेष्ठ बनने को कहा।

(ख) मनुष्य को किस प्रकार मन मिला है?
(ମହାନ୍ ମନୁଷ୍ କି ସ୍ସେ କହତେ ହେଁ? କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାର ମନ ମିଳିଛି ?)
उत्तर:
मनुष्य को अपार प्रेम से भरा मन मिला है।

(ग) मनुष्य को महान बनने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए और क्या नहीं करना चाहिए?
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୋ ମହାନ୍ ବନେ କେ ଲିଏ କ୍ୟା କନା କନା ଚାହିଏ ଔର୍ କ୍ୟା ନେହୀ କର୍‌ନା ଚାହିଏ ? ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୋ ମହାନ୍ ବନେ କେ ଲିଏ କ୍ୟା)
(ମାନବକୁ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ହେବା ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ଓ କ’ଣ ନକରିବା ଉଚିତ ?)
उत्तर:
विश्व आज तृषित है।

(घ) कवि मनुष्य से क्या न बनने को कहा है?
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୋ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍‌ନେ କେ ଲିଏ କବି ନେ କ୍ୟା ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦୀ ହୈ ?)
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ହେବାପାଇଁ କବି କ’ଣ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ?)
उत्तर:
कवि मनुष्य से कृपण / कंजूस / लोभी न बनने को कहा है?

(ङ) जो शत्रु को क्षमा प्रदान नहीं करता, उसकी जीत किसके समान है?
କିସୀ କୀ ଜୀତ ହାର କେ ସମାନ ଜ୍ୟୋ ହୋନୀ ଚାହିଏ ? (କାହାର ବିଜୟ ପରାଜୟ ସହ ସମାନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ୍)
उत्तर:
उत्तर:
जो मनुष्य शत्रु को क्षमा प्रदान नहीं करते उसकी जीत पराजय के समान है। वे अपने हृदय में विजय का स्वाद जानता है मगर पराजय की पीड़ा जानता नहीं है।

2. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दो बाक्यों में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କା ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ୟା ଦୋ ବାର୍କୋ ର୍ମେ ଦିଜିଏ)।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ )

(क) कवि ने मनुष्य से क्या बनने को कहा?
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କା ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ୟା ଦୋ ବାର୍କୋ ର୍ମେ ଦିଜିଏ) ।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ )
उत्तर:
विजय का सुमन शूल बनता है।

(ख) मनुष्य को किस प्रकार मन मिला है?
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟ କୋ କିସ୍ ପ୍ରକାର ମନ୍ ମିଲା ହୈ ?)
(ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାର ମନ ମିଳିଛି ?)
उत्तर:
पाप से घृणा महान है।

(ज) किस पर सदैव गर्व न करना चाहिए?
(କିସ୍‌ର୍ ସଦୈବ୍ ଗର୍ବ ନ କର୍‌ନା ଚାହିଏ ?)
(କାହାଉପରେ ସର୍ବଦା ଅହଙ୍କାର ନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ?)
उत्तर:
दर्पशक्ति पर सदैव गर्व न करना चाहिए।

(झ) ‘फिर महान बन’ कविता के कवि का नाम क्या है?
(‘ଫିର୍ ମହାନ ବନ୍’ କବିତା କେ କବି କା ନାମ୍ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ?)
(ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍’ କବିତାର କବିଙ୍କର ନାମ କ’ଣ ?)
उत्तर:
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता के कवि नरेन्द्र शर्मा है।

(अ) ‘फिर महान बन’ कविता का मूल भाब क्या है?
(‘ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍’ କବିତା କା ମୂଲ୍ ଭାୱ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ?)
(‘ଫିର୍ ମହାନ ବନ୍’ କବିତାର ମୂଳ ଭାବ କ’ଣ ?)
उत्तर:
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता का मूल भाव यह है कि अपने कर्त्तब्य पर सचेतन होना चाहिए।

3. पाठ के आधार पर निम्नलिखित रिक्त स्थानो को भरिये
फिर महान ……………. ।
शत्रु को न ………………… सके ………………. प्रदान जो,
जीत क्यों उसे न ………………. के समान हो?
दुष्ट ………….. मानते न दुष्ट ……………… से,
……………… घृणा महान ………………….. न …………….. से।
………….. पर संदैव गर्व करना न, ………………।
उत्तर:
फिर महान बन।
शत्रु को न कर सके क्षमा प्रदान जो,
जीत क्यों उसे न हार के समान हो?
दुष्ट हार मानते न दुष्ट नेम से,
पाप से घृणा महान है न प्रेम से।
दर्प-शक्ति पर सदैव गर्व करना न, मन।

1. उदाहरण के अनसार निम्नलिखित शब्दो के समानार्थक शब्द लिखिए:
(ଉଦାହରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ ବା ସମାନାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ : )
महान, सुमन, मनुष्य, अपार, प्रेम, प्यास, जीव, वक्ष, नेम, विश्व
उदाहरण:
महान – विशिष्ट, सुमन – पुष्प
उत्तर:
मनुष्य – इनसान, मानव

अपार – असीम

प्रेम – प्यार

प्यास – तृषा

जीव – प्राणी

वक्ष – छाती

नेम – नियम

विश्व – संसार

कृपण – कंजूस

क्षमा – माफी

शत्रु – दुश्मन

हार – पराजय

भूल – तुटि, गलत

दर्प – गर्व

दुष्ट – नटखट

गर्व – घमंड, अहंकार

2. उदाहरण के अनुसार निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम/विपरीत शब्द लिखिए:
(ଉଦାହରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ : )
उदाहरण: प्रेम – घृणा, शत्रु – मित्र
उत्तर:
महान – तुच्छा
कृपण – दानी

मनुष्य – राक्षस

दुष्ट – शांत

क्षमा – दंड़

प्रदान – आदान

जीत – हार

समान – असमान

विजय – पराजय

पाप – पुण्य

3. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के वचन बदलिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବଚନ ବଦଳାଅ : )
उदाहरण: मनुष्य – मनुष्य,
तुझे, जीव, शत्रु, कवि
उत्तर:
तुझे – तुम्हें
शत्रु – शत्रु
जीव – जीव
कवि – कवि

4. आप भी एक कविता लिखने की कोशिश करें:
उत्तर:
छात्र-छात्रा खुद लिखिए।

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तरमूलक प्रश्नोत्तर

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता के कवि का नाम क्या है?
उत्तर:
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता के कवि का नाम नरेंद्र शर्मा है।

प्रश्न 2.
कवि नरेंद्र शर्मा की कविता में क्या देखने को मिलते हैं?
उत्तर:
कवि नरेंद्र शर्मा की कविता में मानव प्रेम, प्रकृति-सौंदर्य के सरल और सजीव चित्र देखने को मिलते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
मनुष्य किसकी संतान है?
उत्तर:
मनुष्य अमृत की संतान है।

प्रश्न 4.
मनुष्य श्रेष्ठ प्राणी के रूप में क्यों परिचित है?
उत्तर:
मनुष्य अपनी महानता के कारण श्रेष्ठ प्राणी के रूप में परिचित है।

प्रश्न 5.
मनुष्य आज अपना क्या भूल गया है?
उत्तर:
मनुष्य आज अपना कर्त्तव्य भूल गया है।

प्रश्न 6.
कवि ने इस कविता में क्या सलाह दी हे?
उत्तर:
कवि ने इस कविता में मनुष्य को अपने कर्त्तव्य पर सचेतन होने के लिए सलाह दी है।

प्रश्न 7.
कवि की चेतावनी क्या है?
उत्तर:
मनुष्य की मनुष्यता का पाठ पढ़ाने के लिए, संसार को स्वर्ग बनाने के लिए यह कवि की चेतावनी है।

प्रश्न 8.
कवि ने ‘मनुष्य ‘को क्या प्रेरणा दी है?
उत्तर:
कवि ने मनुष्य को फिर महान बनने की प्रेरणा दी है।

प्रश्न 9.
मनुष्य को किस प्रकार का मन मिला है?
उत्तर:
मनुष्य को अपार प्रेम से भरा मन मिला है।

प्रश्न 10.
विश्व आज क्या है?
उत्तर:
विश्व आज तृषित है।

प्रश्न 11.
किससे घृणा महान है?
उत्तर:
पाप से घृणा महान है।

प्रश्न 12.
किस पर सदैव गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
दर्प शक्ति पर सदैव गर्व नहीं करना चाहिए।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
विजय का सुमन क्या बनता है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
मनुष्य श्रेष्ठ प्राणी के रूप में क्यों परिचित है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
कवि ने मनुष्य को क्या बनने को कहा है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
कवि मनुष्य से क्या न बनने को कहा है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 5.
घृणा किससे महान है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 6.
सदैव किस पर गर्व न करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
आज कौन तृषित है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 8.
आज मनुष्य क्या भूल गया है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 9.
किसकी जीत हार के समान मानी जाती है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 10.
मानब को किस प्रकार का मन मिला है?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 11.
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता का मूल भाव क्या है?
उत्तर:

C. रिक्तस्थानों को भरिए।

प्रश्न 1.
……………… अपना कर्त्तव्य भूल गया है।
उत्तर:
मनुष्य

प्रश्न 2.
संसार को ……………. बनाने के लिए शर्मा जी की चेतावनी है।
उत्तर:
स्वर्ग

प्रश्न 3.
विश्व है तृषित, मनुष्य, अब न बन …………….. ।
उत्तर:
कृपण

प्रश्न 4.
‘फिर महान बन’ कविता …………………. कवि ने लिखी है।
उत्तर:
नरेंद्र शर्मा

प्रश्न 5.
मनुष्य को ……………… प्रकार का मन मिला है।
उत्तर:
अपार प्रेम से भरा

प्रश्न 6.
विश्व आज …………… है।
उत्तर:
प्यासा

प्रश्न 7.
जो शत्रु को क्षमा प्रदान नहीं करता, उसकी जीत के समान है।
उत्तर:
पराजय

प्रश्न 8.
जीत का सुमन बनता है।
उत्तर:
काँटा

प्रश्न 9.
“दर्प शक्ति पर सदैव गर्व कर न, मन” – यह पंक्ति कवि की है।
उत्तर:
नरेंद्र शर्मा

प्रश्न 10.
पाप से घृणा
उत्तर:
महान

प्रश्न 11.
दर्प-शक्ति पर सदैव करना न मन।
उत्तर:
गर्व

प्रश्न 12.
अपार प्रेम से भरा मन से मिला।
उत्तर:
मनुष्य

प्रश्न 13.
कवि ने मनुष्य को बनने को कहा।
उत्तर:
श्रेष्ठ

प्रश्न 14.
मनुष्य की संतान है।
उत्तर:
अमृत की

D. सही उत्तर चुनिए।

1. ‘फिर महान बन’ कविता के कवि कौन है?
(A) कबिर दास
(B) सूरदास
(C) नरेन्द्र शर्मा
(D) गिरिधर कविराज
उत्तर:
(C) नरेन्द्र शर्मा

2. ‘फिर महान बन’ के कवि का जन्म कब हुआ ?
(A) सन् 1910
(B) सन् 1912
(C) सन् 1911
(D) सन् 1913
उत्तर:
(D) सन् 1913

3. कवि का जन्म कौन से राज्य में हुआ था?
(A) बिहार
(B) उत्तर प्रदेश
(C) मध्यप्रदेश
(D) झारखंड़
उत्तर:
(B) उत्तर प्रदेश

4. कवि ने किसको फिर महान बनने की प्रेरणा दी है?
(A) पशु को
(B) मनुष्य को
(C) पक्षी को
(D) अपने आपको
उत्तर:
(B) मनुष्य को

5. किसके कारण मनुष्य श्रेष्ठ प्राणी कहलाता है?
(A) दया
(B) महानता
(C) घृणा
(D) बुद्धि
उत्तर:
(B) महानता

6. किस पर सदैव गर्व न करना चाहिए?
(A) घमंड़
(B) दर्पशक्ति
(C) घृणा
(D) इनमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(B) दर्पशक्ति

7. संसार को क्या बनाने की कवि की चेष्टा है?
(A) नर्क
(B) धरित्री
(C) स्वर्ग
(D) पवित्र
उत्तर:
(C) स्वर्ग

8. मनुष्य को किस पर सचेतन होना चाहिए?
(A) श्रम
(B) कर्त्तव्य
(C) काम
(D) आलस्य
उत्तर:
(B) कर्त्तव्य

9. मनुष्य किसकी संतान है?
(A) अमृत की
(B) धरणी की
(C) माता की
(D) अंबर की
उत्तर:
(A) अमृत की

10. किस से घृणा महान है?
(A) हत्या
(B) घृणा
(C) पाप
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) पाप

दोहे (ତେ।ହେ)

फिर महान बन, मनुष्य!
फिर महान बन।
मन मिला अपार प्रेम से भरा तुझे,
इसलिए कि प्यास जीब- मात्र कि बुझे,
बिश्व है तृषित, मनुष्य,
अब न बन कृपण।
फिर महान बन !
ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍, ମନୁଷ୍ୟ !
ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍ ।
ମନ୍ ମିଲା ଅପାର୍ ପ୍ରେମ୍ ସେ ଭରା ତୁଝେ,
ଇସ୍‌ଏ କି ପ୍ୟାସ୍ ଜୀବ୍-ମାତ୍ର କି ବୁଝେ,
ବିଶ୍ଵ ହୈ ତୃଷିତ୍, ମନୁଷ୍ୟ, ଅଚ୍ ନ ବନ୍ କୃପଣ୍।
ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍।
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ହୁଅ ମାନବ । ତୋତେ ଅସୀମ ପ୍ରେମର ମନ ମିଳିଛି ତେଣୁ ଶୋଷିଲା ପ୍ରାଣୀର ତୃଷା ମେଣ୍ଟାଅ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କୃପଣ ନ ହୋଇ ସଂସାରରେ ଥିବା ତୃଷିତ ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ତୃଷାକୁ ମେଣ୍ଟାଅ ଏବଂ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ରୂପେ ସମାଜରେ ପରିଚିତ ହୁଅ।

शत्रु को न कर सके क्षमा प्रदान जो,
जित क्यों उसे न हार के समान हो?
शूल क्यों न बक्ष पर बने विजय-सुमन!
फिर महान बन।
ଶତ୍ରୁ କୋ ନ କର ସକେ କ୍ଷମା
ଜିତ୍ ଜ୍ୟୋ ଉସେ ନ ହାର୍ କେ ସମାନ୍ ହୋ
ଶୁଲ୍ କେଁ ନ ବକ୍ଷ ପର୍ ବନେ ବିଜୟ-ସୁମନ୍!
ଫିର ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍।
ଅନୁବାଦ;
ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଶତ୍ରୁକୁ କ୍ଷମା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିପାରେନା, ତାହାର ଜୟ ପରାଜୟ ସହ ସମାନ। ଯେପରିକି ଶୂଳ-ବିଦ୍ଧ ହୃଦୟ ବିଜୟକୁ ଫୁଲ ପରି ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାଏ, ତୁ ସେହିପରି ମହାନ୍ ହେବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟାକର।

दुष्ट हार मानते न दुष्ट नेम से,
पाप से घृणा महान है, न प्रेम से
दर्प-शक्ति पर सदैब गर्व कर न, मन।
फिर महान बन।
ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ହାର୍ ମା ନ ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ନେମ୍ ସେ,
ପାପ୍ ସେ ଘୃଣା ମହାନ୍ ହୈ, ନ ପ୍ରେମ୍ ସେ
ଦୁର୍ପ-ଶକ୍ତି ପର୍ ସଦୈବ ଗର୍ବ କର୍ ନ, ମନ୍ ।
ଫିର୍ ମହାନ୍ ବନ୍।
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ନିୟମରେ ହାର ମାନିବ, ପାପଠାରୁ ଘୃଣା ମହାନ୍ ଅଟେ ନା ପ୍ରେମରୁ । ନିଜର ଶକ୍ତି ବା କ୍ଷମତା ଉପରେ ସର୍ବଦା ଗର୍ବ କର ନାହିଁ । ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ମନୁଷ୍ୟରେ ପରିଚିତ ହୁଅ ।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

महान – श्रेष्ठ (ଶ୍ରଷ୍ଠ) ।

अपार – असीम ( ଅସୀମ ବା ସୀମାହୀନ) ।

प्यास – तृषा (ତୃଷା, ଶୋଷ) ।

तृषित – प्यासा (ଶୋଷିଲା) ।

कृपण – कंजूस (କୃପଣ ) ।

विजय सुमन – जीत के फूल (ବିଜୟର ଫୁଲ) ।

शूल – काँटा, पीड़ा (କଣ୍ଟା, ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ବା କଷ୍ଟ) ।

सुमन – पुष्प, फूल, प्रसून, कुसुम (ଫୁଲ, ପୁଷ୍ପ, କୁସୁମ) ।

घृणा – नफरत ( ଘୃଣା) ।

सदैव – सदा, सर्वदा ( ସବୁବେଳେ ) ।

गर्व – घमंड, अभिमान (ଅହଙ୍କାର, ଅଭିମାନ) ।

वक्ष – हृदय (ହୃଦୟ, ଛାତି) ।

नेम – नियम, फायदा, दस्तूर, रीति (ନିୟମ) ।

दर्पशक्ति – घमण्ड (ଗର୍ବ, ଅହଙ୍କାର) ।

कवि परिचय (କବି ପରିଚୟ)।

नरेन्द्र शर्मा का जन्म सन् 1913 ईस्वी को उत्तर प्रदेश के बुलंदर शहर जनपद के जहाँगीरपुर नामक गाँव में हुआ। सन् 1936 ईस्वी में इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय से एम. ए. पास किया। साहित्य-सृजन के प्रति उनकी पहले सी ही रुचि रही। छात्र – जीवन में ही ‘भूलझूल’ तथा ‘कर्णफूल’ प्रकाशित हुए। फिर उन्होंने स्वतंत्रता- संग्राम में भाग लिया। जेल गए। कुछ दिनों तक अध्यापक हुए। फिर सिनेमा के लिए गीत लिखे। बाद में मुम्बाई आकाशवाणी केन्द्र में नियुक्त हुए। 1988 में आपका देहान्त हो गया। प्रमुख कविता संकलन हैं : प्रभात फेरी, प्रवासी के गीत, प्रीति कथा, कामिनी, अग्नि शस्य, कदली वन, प्यासा निर्झर, उत्तरजय, बहुत रात गए आदि।

नरेन्द्र शर्मा की कविता में मानव – प्रेम, प्रकृति – सौन्दर्य के सरल और सजीव चित्र मिलते हैं। जड़ वस्तुओं में मानवीय चेतना, करुणा की भावधारा बहती है। बाद में वे समाज के दुःख-दर्द के प्रति आकृष्ट हुए और असुविधाओं को दूर करने की आवाज उठाई ।विद्रोह किया। शर्माजी की भाषा सरल, शुद्ध और भावगर्भक होती है।

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Political Science Book Solutions (+ 2 2nd Year)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Political Science Book Solutions in English Medium

Unit 1 Democracy in India

• Democracy in India Objective Questions
• Democracy in India Short Answer Questions
• Democracy in India Long Answer Questions

Unit 2 Democratic Process in India-I

• Democratic Process in India-I Objective Questions
• Democratic Process in India-I Short Answer Questions
• Democratic Process in India-I Long Answer Questions

Unit 3 Democratic Process in India-II

• Democratic Process in India-II Objective Questions
• Democratic Process in India-II Short Answer Questions
• Democratic Process in India-II Long Answer Questions

Unit 4 India in World Politics

• India in World Politics Objective Questions
• India in World Politics Short Answer Questions
• India in World Politics Long Answer Questions

Unit 5 Issues in International Politics

• Issues in International Politics Objective Questions
• Issues in International Politics Short Answer Questions
• Issues in International Politics Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Political Science Book Solutions in Odia Medium

Chapter 1 ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 2 ଭାରତରେ ରାଜନୈତିକ ଦଳୀୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 3 ଭାରତରେ ସଂଘୀୟବାଦ

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 4 ଭାରତରେ ଗ୍ରାମାଞ୍ଚଳ ଓ ସହରାଞ୍ଚଳ ସ୍ୱାୟତ୍ତ ଶାସନ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions Part-1
• Long Answer Questions Part-2

Chapter 5 ଜାତି ଗଠନରେ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ

• Objective & Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 6 ଭାରତୀୟ ରାଜନୀତିରେ ସାଂପ୍ରତିକ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ-ଜନପ୍ରିୟ ଆନ୍ଦୋଳନ

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 7 ଭାରତର ବୈଦେଶିକ ନୀତି

• Objective Questions
• Short & Long Answer Questions

Chapter 8 ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗଠନ

• Objective & Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 9 ସାଂପ୍ରତିକ ବିଶ୍ଵରେ ନିରାପତ୍ତା ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

Chapter 10 ପରିବେଶ ଓ ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ସମ୍ପଦ

• Objective Questions
• Short Answer Questions
• Long Answer Questions

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Political Science Syllabus (+2 2nd Year)

There shall be two papers in Political Science modeled on the Syllabi of CBSE. Paper-I: TitleFoundation of Political Theory and Indian Government at work (For First Year). Paper-II: Title-Democracy and Nation Building in India and International affairs (For Second Year).

The subject of Political Science modeled on the Syllabi of CBSE consists of two papers as mentioned above. Paper-I is to be covered in the +2 First Year class and Paper-ll is to be covered in the +2 Second Year class. Each paper is divided into two sections and each section is further subdivided into two/three units. Thus there are five units in both Paper-I and Paper II. Periods have been allocated for the respective units approximately. Teachers are advised to take at least those numbers of periods to cover the particular unit. The major concepts and principles should be taught in such a manner as to stimulate higher mental abilities among students like application, logical thinking, analysis, etc., and not factual information. Paper-setters and Examiners are requested to keep the above in mind while setting questions and examining, respectively. Questions should of short (one word/ multiple-choice/ one sentence), medium (50/100 words/ five sentences), and long (500 words or thereabout). Also, Questions of the final/AHS Examination shall cover all five units of Paper -II.

Objectives of the course/syllabus are, as briefly mentioned above are:

• To enable the students to acquire knowledge about the important concepts, theories, principles, provisions, processes and Institutions of the Indian constitution, and some rudimentary knowledge about International affairs;
• To acquaint the students with the changing dimension of politics and political theory both in the national and international knowledge domain;
• To develop an interest among the students regarding problems of the political domain and to find out the possible solution to those problems.

Suggested Reading:

1. Political Theory- For Class-XI (Published by NCERT, New Delhi)
2. Indian Constitution at Work- For Class-XI (Published by NCERT, New Delhi)
3. Contemporary World Politics, For Class-XII (Published by NCERT, New Delhi)
4. Politics in India, For Class-XII (Published by NCERT, New Delhi)

Second Year CHSE (2022-2023)
Political Science Paper-II
(DEMOCRACY IN INDIA AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS)

Part A: Politics in India

Unit I Democracy in India

1. Democracy: Meaning, Types, and Features; Challenge to Democratic Process in India – Inequality, Illiteracy, Regionalism, Naxalite Problem, Gender Inequality. (8 Periods)
2. Party System in India: Meaning, Types; One Party Dominance, Coalition Politics; Regional Parties. (8 Periods)

Unit II Democratic Process in India-I

1. Federalism in India: Features, Centre-State relation, Recent Trends in Indian Federalism. (8 Periods)
2. Local Government in India – Rural and Urban Local Bodies, Composition and Functions. (8 Periods)

Unit III Democratic Process in India-II

1. Challenges to Nation-Building: Meaning, Communalism, Casteism, Regionalism, Terrorism; Remedies. (8 Periods)
2. Contemporary issues in Indian Politics: Popular Movements – Women Movement, Environment protection Movement, Development – Displacement Movements. (8 Periods)

Part B: Contemporary World Politics

UNIT-IV (India in World Politics)

1. Indian Foreign Policy: Basic Features; India and its neighbours-China, Pakistan. (8 Periods)
2. International Organizations: UN: Major Organs-General Assembly; Security Council; International Court of Justice; Reforms of the UN. India’s position in the UN. International Economic Organizations- World Bank and the IMF. (8 Periods)

UNIT-IV (Issues in International Politics)

1. Changing Dimension of Security in Contemporary World: Traditional Security Concerns: Arms Race and Disarmament. Non-Traditional Security Concerns: Human security: Global Poverty, Inequality, Health, and Education. (8 Periods)
2. Environment and Natural Resources: Global Environmental Concerns; Development and Environment; Global Warming and Climate Change. (8 Periods)

BOOK PRESCRIBED:
Bureau’s Higher Secondary (+2) Political Science, Paper-II (English & Odia) Published by Odisha State Bureau of Textbook Preparation & Production, Bhubaneswar.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Text Book Solutions