Class 12

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 4 Mirror Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Poem 4 Mirror

Pre-Reading activity:
Every one of us looks into a mirror everyday. In which way(s) is a mirror useful to us. Can you list them here? You are about to read a poem named Mirror. Can you guess what this poem tells the reader? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) in her life, as in her poetry, tried to fuse the role of‘Muse, Mother and Poet”. Her poetry is intensely perporial and powerfully confessional. Notable among her works age. “The Cotossues” (1960) and “Ariel” (1965). In the poem“Mirror” Plath shows how the mirror reflects more than mere images.

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The mirror is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
What are the two things that the mirror in the poem reflects?
Answer:
It reflects both love and dislike.

Question 3.
Why is the mirror called the “eye of little God”?
Answer:
The mirror is called the “eye ofa little God” because it accepts reflection whatever it sees.

Question 4.
Why could the poet mean when she says”
“Now I am a lake……….”
Answer:
The poet means that the mirror is a tiny lake which accepts anything that comes its way. It also reflects things exactly like a lake without prejudice.

Question 5.
Why are the candles and moon “liars”
Answer:
The candles and the moon are “liars” because the candles and the moon do not speak of exactly what a women is.

Question 6.
How does the woman react to her reflection in the lake?
Answer:
The woman bends over the mirror lake and searches for what she really is and then turns to the liars.

Question 7.
Would our views of the aging women different if she instead of the mirror had narrated the story?
Answer:
The view would have been different if the aging women instead of the mirror had narrated story. The aging woman would have been a liar.

Question 8.
Here the poet uses at least three of the poetic devices: personification, metaphor and simile. Identify the times where these figures of speech are used.
Answer:
Personification: – “……………… I have no preconceptions\ ……………..I see I swallow immediately………………”.
Metaphor: “I am silver …………….”.The eye of a little god”, “Now I am a lake”
Smile: “Rises towards her day after day.
Like a terrible fish.

Question 9.
“………………….. and in one an old woman rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish”. What is the significance of the image of a “terrible fish” here?
Answer:
The image of a “terrible fish” stands for the slow movement of time and death which are quite immediate.

Question 10.
Do you agree that the mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images? How sow?
Answer:
The mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images. It speaks the truth; it makes women search for the exactness.

Question 11.
Notice that the first stanza of he poem begins with “I can silver and exact” and the second stanza begins with “Now I am a lake”. Do these two autobiographical statements of the mirror contradict each other? It so, how are they reconciled in the poem?
Answer:
These two autobiographical statements. “I am silver and exact” and “Now I am lake” are two contradictory statements of the mirror. But both these statements and their ideas have reconciled the poem. It indicates that the mirror has two personalities. It is exact and faithful and at the same time profound and deep like a lake. It sometimes deceives in depth and is hence dangerous.

Composition:

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of the poem “Mirror” beginning with a statement of he theme and then proceeding to analyse the poem by lines along with your views regarding their communicative value (= how effectively the lines with their images and other poetic devices. If any communicate an idea). The conclusion would sum up the salient features of the poem and end with your general assessment of the poem.
Answer:
The poem“Mirror” is composed by Sylvia Plath, and eminent and out standing poet of the twentieth century. In her unique approach in English poem, plath is really superb and fantastic. The poem deals with something spectacular about mirror. The mirror as a reflecting device does something more than mere reflection. However, the poem is written in first person narrative giving an auto biographical sketch of the inanimate objects. Of course, the poem reflects life in mirror.

The barrier of the non-living things and rises above the personified in the poem to which human qualities have been attributed. It says that it is silver and exact. It neither exaggerates nor condemns, neither magnifies nor belittles. It speaks of as is it. Treats love and hatred alike. It is unprejudiced and truthful. It is the eye of a little god “The eye of a little god” is a metaphorical expression which tells that it is bright and truthful. Moreover, the second stanza is a continuance of the first one.

The mirror says that it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. Faces and darkness separate them over and over and now it is a lake. It says “Now I am a lake. A woman bands over it searching its reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars – the candles and the moon. It sees her back and reflects it faithfully. She awards it with tears and an agitation of hands. Each day, she has drowned a young girl and in it an old woman rises towards her day after day like a terrible fish.

As a matter of fact the poem is unique attempt at making an imaginative and a thoughtful approach to life. The poet attributes human qualities to the living and non-living things. The approach and technique of the poem are balanced and impressive. On the whole, the poem is most inspiring, elevating and heart-touching.

Question 2.
Basing on what you know of the relationship between the Mirror and the Wall in the poem. Write a dialogue between them on the subject of the world around them.
Answer:
The wall – Good Morning, Miss Mirror
The mirror – Good morning Mr. Wall. How are you?
The wall – Fine, thank you – How are you?
The mirror – Fine, thank you. Why do you look so pensive today? What’s the matter?
The wall – It’s because I didn’t see you yesterday where’d you been?
The mirror – I’s in the bathroom the whole day.
The wall – I haven’t seen himself the whole day.
The mirror – You haven’t seen yourself.
The wall You myself. I seen myself in you everyday. Don’t I?
The mirror – You see yourself in me ! What do you mean?
The wall – Very simple Don’t people see themselves in you?
The mirror – Yes they do. So what?
The wall –  I also see myself in you exactly like that. This is what I do every day.
The mirror – No only you, everything and every bring do the same, don’t they?
The wall – Yes, of course. But there’s a difference.
The mirror – What is it?
The wall – Aren’t you feeling me in the room?
The mirror – Yes, I am. There is a lot of things that face me in the room. Chairs, tables, lights and so on.
The wall – But you are vis-a-vis me, aren’t you?
The mirror – Yes, I’m. So also you.
The wall – I do admit it. Therefore, I see myself in you.
The mirror – You see yourself in me, but I don’t see myself in you!
The wall – No, you don’t, you reflect me and I see myself.
The mirror – Why don’t you reflect me in you?
The wall – No, I don’t reflect anything.
The mirror – Oh! you only take from others, you don’t give.
The wall – Not exactly, I neither take nor give. I’m quite unconcerned.
The mirror- Is it?
The wall – Yes it is.

Mirror Summary in English

The mirror lays that is silver and exact. It has no preconceptions. Whatever it sees it accepts into its delicate surface and produce just as it is. It is unmisted by Love or dislike. It accepts everything be it a thing of love or hatred. It is not cruel. It is truthful. Most of the time-it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. The person who wishes to get his reflection through it looks at it and thinks it as a past of his heart. Faces and darkness separate the on looker and the mirror over and over. The mirror is a lake. A woman bends over it searching her reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to these liars, the candles or the moon. She rewards it with tears and an agitation of hands. It is important to her, she comes and goes. Each morning her face replaces the darkness. She has drowned a young girl and an old woman rises from it towards her(the young girl).

Analytical Outlines:

• The mirror says that it is silver and exact.
• It has no preconceptions.
• It has delicate surface.
• It accepts what it sees.
• It produces just as it is.
• It is unmisted by love.
• It is also unmisted by dislike.
• It accepts everything.
• It may be love.
• It may be hatred.
• It is not cruel.
• It is truthfull.
• Most of the time, it meditates on the opposite wall.
• It is pink with speckles.
• A person wishes to get his reflection.
• He looks at it.
• He thinks it as a part of his heart.
• Faces and darkness separate the onlooker and mirror over and over.
• The mirror is a lake.
• A woman bends over it.
• She searches her reaches for.
• She searches in it what she really it.
• Then she turns to those liars.
• She turns to the candles.
• She turns to the moon.
• She rewards it with tears.
• She rewards it with an agitation of hands.
• It is important to her.
• She comes and goes.
• Each morning, her face replaces the domes.
• Each morning her face replaces the darkness
• She has drowned a young girl.
• An old woman rises from it towards her.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
preconceptions- opinions formed before knowing actual facts.
accept – to receive, to agree to
delicate- pleasing, graceful, tender
unmisted- not prejudiced, unaffected
hatred- disliking
cruel- pitiless, savage, severe, painful
meditate- consider deeply
speckles- sports
agitation- disturbance
domes- a rounded vault
flickers- flashing on and off quickly, agitation of
hands- waving of hands.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 1 Indian Children Speak Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Poem 1 Indian Children Speak

Pre-Reading Activity:
Very often we fall to understand each other. This happens especially when we are prejudiced against each other. To understand the other we need to develop a positive attitude. How would you react if you are described as just the opposite of what really you are? What can you do to clear the misunderstanding? Now read the poem below to see how the speaker tries to clear one such misunderstanding of some white people about the Red Indian children.

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
When you read the poem, you come across such names as Pansy, Delores, Ramon and Joe Henry. How can you describe them together.
Answer:
They are all Red Indian children.

Question 2.
Throughout the poem the phrase ‘people said’ has been repeated. Who are these people?
Answer:
These people are the white people.

Question 3.
What does moon-coloured dress refer to?
Answer:
It is bright, yellowish-white coloured dress.

Question 4.
Are the Indian children really dumb? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The Indian children are really not dumb. It is because the narrator says, ‘clearly, I hear Delores answer/yes, the sunset is so good,I think God is throwing /Abright show I around the shoulders of the sky.’

Question 5.
Who do you think are rude – the white people or the Indians? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The white people were rude because they say Indian children are heard to reach, they are silent, they are dumb, they have no affection, they don’t seem very bright and they never take other in.

Question 6.
What is the speaker’s attitude towards the Indian children?
Answer:
The speaker is sympathetic and co-operative with the Indian children. His sense of sympathy stands as a sharp contrast with the uncompromising apathy of white men.

Question 7.
How many voices do you hear in this poem? Whose are they?
Answer:
There are three voices – the voice of the speaker the voice of white men and the voice of the Indian children in this poem.

Question 8.
The poem begins with ‘people said’. But towards the end of the poem the speaker says – ‘I have forgotten the idle words that people said’. Does this suggest a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker? Explain
Answer:
This certainly suggests a transition of mood and attitude in the speaker. It is because shedding the age old hackneyed bitter expression of the white man on the Indian children, the speaker switches over to another mood and mind.

Question 9.
What does the speaker convey in the last three lines of the poem?
Answer:
The last three lines are the concluding lines which convey that the speaker has personally parted with the indecent attitude towards the Indian children. He keeps in store in his heart to slip into the heart of Indian Lands and wants for that time to come.

Question 10.
Do you think the Indian children’s view of the world is different from that of the white people’s? How so?
Answer:
The Indian children’s view of the world is certainly different from that of the white people’s. The white people’s view is quite detrimental, command and selfish.

Question 11.
Is the speaker in the poem an American, Indian or a white American? How do you know?
Answer:
The speaker in the poem happens to be an American who makes it explicit in the line of the poem. ‘AndI steeped into the heart ofIndianLand’. This statement proves that the poet is an on-Indian.

Composition:
Question 1.
The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. When then does the poem bear the title ‘Indian children speak’? Examine the appropriateness of the title of the poem.
Answer:
The title of the poem reads ‘Indian children speak’. The very title is suggestive of the voice of the Indian children although the poet himself is not one of the Indian children. The Indian children are the focus point of the poem. They are the pivotal characters around whom the whole edifice of the poem revolver. The speaker in the poem is not one of the ‘Indian children’. But the poem bears the title ‘Indian children speak’. The speaker is dissociated from the Indian children and makes an impersonal approachonbehalfoftheIndian children whom he likes and wishes to become apart of them He also desires to forget the idle words the people said and wants to treasure the day when the day when the iron doors swung wide so that he would slip into the heart of Indian land. All these speaks volumes of the question in contest.

Question 2.
There is an undercurrent of irony throughout the poem. Discuss how.
Iron refers to _______________________________________
Now discuss how there is an under current of irony in the poem?
Answer:
There is an under current of irony throughout the poem Irony refers to the expression of one’s meaning by saying something which is the direct opposite of one’s thoughts in order to make one’s remarks forceful.

Activity On Poem Completion:

Fill in the gaps appropriately with the lines given below the text of the incomplete poem ‘Nurses Song’.

Nurses’ Song
When the voices of children are heard on the green
_______________________________________
My hear is at rest without my breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
_______________________________________
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed

Missing Lines:
(i) And the hills are all covered up with sleep.
(ii) And laughing is heard on the hill.
(iii) And, then go home to bed.
(iv) No, no, let us play for it yet day.
(v) Till the morning appears in the skies.

Answer:
When the voices of children are heard on the green
And laughing is heard on the hill.
My hear is at rest without by breast
And everything else is still
Then come home, my children the sun is gone down.
And the dews of the night arise
Come, come, leave off play and let us away
And the hills are all coverup with sleep.
And, then go home to bed.
And we cannot go to sleep
Besides, in the sky the little birds fly.
Till the morning appears in the skies
Well, well go and play till the fight fades away.
‘No, no, letus play, for it is yet day’
The little ones leaped and shouted and laughed
And all the hills echoed.

Indian Children Speak Summary in English

It is said that Indian children are hard to teach. They should not be expected to talk. One day a short and fat little boy said that the moon had gone all the way with him the previous night. It is said that Indian children are very silent and their works are ‘yes’ or ‘no’. But the ragged pansy confused softly and said that his dress was old but at night the moon was kind when he wore a beautiful moon, colored dress. It is again said that Indian children are dumb. They hardly make any replay. He clearly hears Delores answer. The sunset is so good that he thinks God is throwing a bright shawl around the shoulders in the sky. However, it is also said that Indian children have no affection. They just don’t care for anyone. Then he feels that Ramon’s hand and hears him whisper. A wild animal races in me since his mother sleeps under the ground. Whether it will always run and run. It is also said that Indian children are rude. They don’t seem very bright. Then he remembers Joe Henery’sremark. The tree is hanging down her head because the sun is staring at her. White people always stare. They do not know it is not polite. It is said that Indian children never take people in. One usually always stands outside their thoughts. He has forgotten the idea words that people said but tree sure the day when iron doors swang wide and he supports into the heart of Indian Land.

Analytical Outlines:

• It is said that Indian children are hard to teach.
• They should not be expected to talk.
• One day a short and fat little boy said something.
• He said about the moon
• He said that it had gone all the way with him.
• It happened in the previous right.
• Again people say something about Indian children.
• It is said that Indian children are Very silent.
• Their works are ‘yes’ or ‘no’
• But the ragged pansy confided softly.
• He said that his dress was old.
• But at night the moon is kind.
• Because he wore a beautiful moon-colored dress at night.
• It isagain said something by thepeople.
• They say Indian children are dumb.
• They hardly make any reply.
• He clearly hears Delores answer.
• The sunset is extremely good.
• He thinks God is throwing a bright shawl around the shoulders in the sky.
• However, people say something negatively.
• They say that Indian children have no affection.
• They just don’t care for anyone.
• Then he feels the Ramon’s hand.
• He also hears him whisper.
• A wild animal raises in me.
• His mother sleeps under the ground.
• Whether it will run and run.
• It is also said that Indian children are rude.
• They don’t seem very bright.
• Then he remembers something:
• It is Joe Henry’s remark.
• The trees is hanging down her head.
• Because, the sun is staring at her.
• While people always stare.
• They do not know it is not polite.
• It is said that Indian children never take people in.
• One usually always stands outside their thoughts.
• He has forgotten the idle words people say.
• He treasures the day when iron doors swung wide.
• He supports into the heart of Indian Land.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
stubby – short and thick
ragged – (with clothes) tom (here, refers to someone wearing rags)
dumb – speechless, mute, here stupid, unintelligent
shawl – loose square cloth worn over the shoulders or head by women.
confided – told a secret.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text B: Powershift Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 4 Text B: Powershift

Activity-5:

Vocabulary:
Find the words from the passage which more or less mean the following:
(i) Shocking or amazing(1)
(ii) Careful watching a suspect (2)
(ii) boring and uninteresting (9)
(iv) to include something in a larger group(10)
(v) a group of three similar things(18)

Answer:
(i) Shocking or amazing – astounding
(ii) Careful watching a suspect – surveillance technologies
(iii) boring and uninteresting-tedious repetition
(iv) to include something in larger group-subsume information.
(v) a group of three similar things – the Patriarch of a family President of a company. Prime Minister of a nation.

Activity-6

Writer’s Bias:
‘Our best computers are still stone-axe primitive’. The italicized metaphor emphasizes the obsoleteness and inadequacy of our best computers. Can you find any other such expression in the passage which have a metaphysical meaning? Do you such expressions convey the writer’s bias?

Expression	Meaning	Any bias of the writer

Answer:

Expression	Meaning	Any bias of the writer
Stone-axe primitive	obsoleteness and inadequacy of our best computer	undeveloped condition of our computers.
‘dumb’ weapons	uncaring for	violent, abortive
power-seekers	people seeking power	power hungry, selfish

Activity – 7:

In many old-fashioned Grammar books, you may find some objection to the use of one-line paragraphs. Are there any one-line paragraphs in this passage? Why does the writer use them? Is he justified in using such small paragraphs?

Answer:
Yes, there are some one-line paragraphs in this passage. They are:

1. Besides its great flexibility, knowledge has other important characteristics that make it fundamentally different from lesser sources of power in tomorrow’s world. (Paragraph – 12)
2. Today in the first changing affluent nations, despite all inequalities of income and wealth, the coming struggle for power will increasingly turn into a struggle over the distribution of and access to knowledge. (Paragraph -12).
   The writer makes use of such one line paragraph in order to put forth his own views in the midst of a general discussion. He is quite justified to have used such a paragraph system.

Activity – 8:

Note-Making:
In the first section of the passage, we came to know that-
1. Force and wealth of knowledge.
2. Knowledge —> power.
3. Force and wealth g knowledge.
That is to say, force and wealth depend on knowledge, is the source of the highest quality power and knowledge is the most important ingredient of force and wealth. Now, make point notes on Sections 2 and 3 using such symbols wherever possible.

Answer:
Weapons and surveillance technologies & knowledge
Knowledge —> computers.
Non-facts and disputed facts a power conflicts in society. False and lies / ‘true’ facts and scientific ‘laws’ —> knowledge.

Activity-9:

Answer the questions as briefly as you can:-
Question (i).
How does Toffler establish that knowledge is the most important ingredient of force and wealth?
Answer:
The military which rests on force uses computerized knowledge. The advanced economy can not for thirty seconds without (knowledge) computers.

Question (ii).
How does he distinguish among ‘data’ information and ‘knowledge’?
Answer:
‘Data’ means more or less connected ‘facts’, ‘information’ refers to data that have been fitted into categories and classification schemes or patterns; ‘knowledge’ means information that has been further refined into more general statements.

Question (iii).
Why is the second section named ‘facts’, ‘lies’, and ‘truth’?
Answer:
Facts, lies, and truth are the things around which the second section has been centered. The whole section is a reflection of most things.

Question (iv).
How is it that knowledge is the most democratic source of power?
Answer:
Knowledge is the key to all kinds of things. It encompasses the means of communication that shapes the message that flows through them. Unlike bullets or budgers, knowledge itself gets used up. The revolutionary characteristics of knowledge that it can be grasped by the weak and poor as well make it the most democratic source of power.

Question (v).
What does Toffler mean by the concept of power-tria? (Paragraph -18)
Answer:
The power tria-patriarch of a family, president of a company, and Prime Minister of a nation wants to control the quantity, quality, and distribution of knowledge within his or her domain.

Question (iv).
Look at the introduction and the conclusion and say briefly, how they relate to the body paragraph of the exports.
Answer:
The introduction starts with knowledge of the part which had never imagined such an explosion of knowledge in the modem world. The conclusion tells that the modem knowledge has reached such a zenith that its provision is not too far. The control of knowledge has become the most important aspect. The introduction and conclusion of the passage are just like prefixes and suffixes ofthe body. The body passage is just an advancement between the introduction and the conclusion.

Extra Activity – 9(A)

Find words in Text – B and use them first as nouns and then as verbs in sentences of your own.

mind	shape
speed	dispute
rule	play
Advance	form
run	help
make	use
turn	process
concern	race
force	control

Answer:

mud	(N) You can’t change his mind. (V) Mind your own business.
speed	(N) We should not drive cars in a high speeds. (V) You should speed up your writing.
rule	(N) The students must obey the rules of the college. (V) Akbar ruled for a long time
advance	(N) The employee asked for an advance. (V) The army advanced forward.
run	(N) The player could not make a good run. (V) I can run five kilometers.
make	(N) The watch is a foreign make. (V) I can’t make a fire now.
turn	(N) His turn came last. (V) All his efforts turned into failure.
concern	(N) Power has become the principal concern of politics. (V) This book concerns human liberty.
force	(N) He exerted force to extract money. (V) Don’t force me to do this.
shape	(N) The shape of the globe is round. (V) Education shapes human personality.
dispute	(N) The two brothers are in dispute for land division. (V) We should not dispute for a piece of land.
play	(N) The play was very attractive. (V) He plays cricket every day.
form	(N) I want an admission form. (V) We have decided to form a club.
help	(N) I want your help to do this work. (V) I can help you in this matter.
use	(N) You should know the process use of a computer. (V) I always use a ballpoint pen.
process	(N) This is not the process of preparing coffee. (V) He processed everything for the meeting.
race	(N) He participated in the 100 mtrs. race. (V) He raced along the street to catch a thief.
control	(N) Our government provides much stress on fund control. (V) We should always control our anger.

Section – B

There is a popular saying ‘knowledge is power’. How can it be true? Give examples to explain this equation. Now, read Alvin Toffler’s ‘Power – shift’. You may find some of your points mentioned. You must focus your attention on the way Toffler presents those points while reading the text.

Power-Shift Summary in English

Summary:

From satellites to submarines, modem weapons are constructed of information-rich electronic components. Today’s fighter plane is a flying computer. Even ‘dumb; computers are manufactured with the help of supersmart computers with electronic chips. The military, to choose a single example uses computerized knowledge – ‘expert systems’ – in missile defense. The Pentagon’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (D ARPA) has set as a long-range goal the design of a system that can make ‘one million logical inferences per second’.

Logic inference, and epistemology – is short, brain work by humans and machine is today’s precondition for military power. It has so become that the advanced economy could not run for thirty seconds without computers. Therefore, knowledge is not only the source of the highest quality power but also the most important ingredient of force and wealth. Put differently knowledge has gone from being an adjunct of money power and muscle power to bringing their very essence.

It is, in feet, the ultimate amplified which is the key to the power shift that lies ahead. There are as many definitions of knowledge as there are people who regard themselves as knowledgeable. Matters grow worse when words like signs, symbols, and imagery are given highly technical meanings. To make things simple and escape from these definitional quicksands, even at the expense of vigor, the term knowledge will be expanded in the pages ahead.

However, besides its great flexibility, knowledge has other important characteristics that make it fundamentally different from the lesser sources of power in tomorrow’s world. Thus force, for all practical concerns, is finite. There is a limit to how much force can be employed before we destroy what we wish to capture to defend knowledge, in principle different and infinitely expandable. Knowledge is also inherently different from both muscle and money because one gun can not be used simultaneously by two people. But by contrast, both ofthe men can use the same knowledge either for or against each other, and in that very process, we may even produce still more knowledge.

Unlike bullets or budgers, knowledge itself does not get used up. This alone tells us that the rules ofthe knowledge power game are sharply different from the precepts relied on by those who use force or money to accomplish their will. In fact, today, in the first changing affluent nations despite of all inequalities of income and wealth the coming struggle for power will increasingly turn into a struggle over the distribution of and access to knowledge. The control of knowledge has become the most important necessity which can save humanity.

Analytical Outlines

• It may be a satellite.
• Even it may be a submarine.
• The modem weapons are constructed of information-rich electronic components.
• Today’s fighter plane is a flying computer.
• Even we may consider the ‘dumb’ computers.
• They are manufactured with the help of super-smart computers.
• They are manufactured with electronic chips.
• Let us consider one burning example.
• It is that the military uses computerized knowledge.
• They use ‘expert systems’.
• They use it in missile defense.

• The Pentagon’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agents have designed such a system.
• This system can make one million logical inferences per second.
• This logic inference is epistemology.
• Its use has increased military power.
• The advanced economy can’t run without computer knowledge.
• It becomes the source of the highest quality power.
• It also becomes the most important ingredient of force and wealth.
• It becomes an adjunct of money power and muscle power.
• In fact, it is the ultimate amplifier.
• It is really the ray to the power shift.
• There can be as many definitions of knowledge as there are people.
• Actually, matters grow worse.
• Words like signs, symbols, and imagery are given highly technical meanings.
• However, we can provide a simple definition of knowledge.
• Hence, the term knowledge will be given an expanded meaning.
• Actually, knowledge is greatly flexible in its meaning.
• It has other important characterization too.
• It makes it fundamentally different from other lesser sources of power.
• Thus, force is finite for all practical concerns.
• The employment force depends upon the wish of capture or defense.
• Knowledge is also inherently different from both muscle and money.
• Because one gun can not be simultaneously used by two people.
• But, by contrast, both of men can use the same knowledge either for or against each other.
• Through this process, We may even produce still more knowledge.
• Unlike bullets or budgers, knowledge itself does not get used up.
• The rules of knowledge are different from those who use force or money to accomplish their will.
• In feet, today, the nations are fatty changing.
• Even if they are having inequalities of income or wealth.
• They are in greater struggle in the distribution of knowledge.
• The control of knowledge has become the most important necessity.
• Because it can save humanity.

Meanings Of Difficult Words:

congeal – thickening of a liquid.
Pentagon – Headquarters of the US Department of Defence.
cliche(s) – A frequently used idea that has lost effectiveness.
chasm – a very deep creek (in rock, earth, or ice)
erus – the most important part of a problem.
sweeping – moving rapidly, quick movements
genius – a talented mind, a person having fabulous intelligence
astounding – amazing, surprising, wonderful
technologies – technologies that make their master’s mere servants.
supersmart – doing things very smartly even more smartly than expected.
epistemology – theory of knowledge
diverse – different, not the same of similar
maldistribution- uneven, distribution of wealth.
affluent – rich, abundant, plenty, having a lot.
abuse – misuse, wrong use of something
threat – danger, jeopardy

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 11 Differential Equations Additional Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 11 Differential Equations Additional Exercise

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (Mcqs) With Answers

Question 1.
If f is an odd function, then write the value of \(\int_{-a}^a \frac{f(\sin x)}{f(\cos x)+f\left(\sin ^2 x\right)}\) dx
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) -1
(d) 2
Solution:
(b) 0

Question 2.
If p and q are respectively degree and order of the differential equation y = e^dy/dx then write the relation between p and q.
(a) p ≠ q
(c) p ≡ q
(b) p = q
(d) None of these
Solution:
(b) p = q

Question 3.
Write the value of \(\int_0^1\){x} dx where {x} stands for fractional part of x.
(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(d) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 4.
Write the value of:
\(\int_0^{\pi / 2} \frac{\sin x}{\sin x+\cos x}\) dx – \(\int_0^{\pi / 2} \frac{\cos x}{\sin x+\cos x}\) dx
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) π
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 5.
Write the value of \(\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\)sin⁵ x cos x dx
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) cos x
(d) sin x
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 6.
Write the particular solution of the equation \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = sin x given that y(π) = 2
(a) y = cos x + 1
(b) y = -cos x + 1
(c) y = -cos x – 1
(d) y = -sin x + 1
Solution:
(b) y = -cos x + 1

Question 7.
Write the degree of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 \mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{dx}^2}\) = \(\frac{2 y^3+\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^4}{\sqrt{\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}}}\)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(d) 3

Question 8.
Write the order ofthe following differential equation:
\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = \(\frac{2 y^3+\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^4}{\sqrt{\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}}}\)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(c) 2

Question 9.
What is F(x) if F(x) = \(\int_0^x\)e^2t sin 3t dt?
(a) e^2x sin 3x
(b) e^2x cos 3x
(c) e^x sin 3x
(d) e^2x sin x
Solution:
(a) e^2x sin 3x

Question 10.
\(\int \frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x \sin ^2 x}\) = ?
(a) -2 cos 2x + C
(b) -2 cot 2x + C
(c) -2 sin 2x + C
(d) 2 cot 2x + C
Solution:
(b) -2 cot 2x + C

Question 11.
If \(\int_1^2\)f(x) dx= λ, then what is the value of \(\)f(3 – x) dx?
(a) λ
(b) λ²
(c) 1λ
(d) 2λ
Solution:
(a) λ

Question 12.
What is the value of \(\int_{-1}^1 \frac{d x}{1+x^2}\)?
(a) \(\frac{2 \pi}{2}\)
(b) 2π
(c) π
(d) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

Question 13.
Write the order of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{d^3 y}{d x^3}\) = \(\left(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\right)^2\) + \(\left(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\right)^4\) + y
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 0
Solution:
(b) 3

Question 14.
Write the degree of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{d^3 y}{d x^3}\) = \(\left(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\right)^2\) + \(\left(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\right)^4\) + y
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Solution:
(a) 1

Question 15.
Write the particular solution of \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) = (1 + x)⁴, y = 0 when x = -1.
(a) y = \(\frac{(1+x)^2}{5}\)
(b) y = \(\frac{(2+x)^5}{5}\)
(c) y = \(\frac{(1-x)^5}{5}\)
(d) y = \(\frac{(1+x)^5}{5}\)
Solution:
(d) y = \(\frac{(1+x)^5}{5}\)

Question 16.
Evaluate the integral ∫2x cosec² x² dx?
(a) cot x² + C
(b) -cot x² + C
(c) -cot 2x² + C
(d) cot 2x² + C
Solution:
(b) -cot x² + C

Question 17.
What is the value of \(\frac{d}{d x} \int_{250}^{300}\left(x^4+5 x^3\right)^2\) dx
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) 2
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 18.
Write down the integral of ∫\(e^{x^2}\) 2x dx.
(a) \(e^{2 x^2}\)
(b) 2\(e^{2 x^2}\)
(c) \(e^{x^2}\)
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) \(e^{x^2}\)

Question 19.
What is the integral of ∫log e^x dx?
(a) \(\frac{2 x^2}{2}\) + C
(b) \(\frac{2 x^2}{3}\) + C
(c) \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + C
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + C

Question 20.
What is the value of \(\int_{-2}^2\)|x| dx?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 21.
\(\int_{-1}^1\)|1 – x| dx = ______.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) -1
Solution:
(c) 2

Question 22.
If ∫x³\(e^{c x^4}\)dx = \(\frac{1}{20} \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{cx}}\) then C = ______.
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 5
Solution:
(d) 5

Question 23.
\(\int_a^b\)f(x) dx = 1 ⇒ \(\int_a^b\)k f(t)dt ______.
(a) k
(b) -k
(c) 2k
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(b) -k

Question 24.
\(\int_{-1}^1\)f(x) dx = k and f is an even function then \(\int_{-1}^1\)f(x) = ______.
(a) k
(b) -k
(c) 2k
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) 2k

Question 25.
If ∫\(\int_0^1\)f(x) dx = 4, \(\int_0^2\)f(t) dt and \(\int_4^2\)f(u) du = 1 then \(\int_1^4\)f(x) dx = ______.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) -3
Solution:
(d) -3

Question 26.
I(f) = \(\int_a^x\)f(t) dt and Df = f'(x) then (ID – DI) f = ______.
(a) -f(a)
(b) 2f(a)
(c) f(a)
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) -f(a)

Question 27.
\(\int_0^\pi\)cos¹⁰¹ x dx = ______.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) 101
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 28.
Let f satisfies all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem in [1, 6] then \(\int_1^6\)f'(x) dx = ______.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) 6
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 29.
\(\int_{-2}^2\)|x| dx = ______.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Solution:
(d) 4

Question 30.
Integrate ∫log x dx
(a) x. log x + x + C
(b) x. log x – x + C
(c) log x – x + C
(d) None of these
Solution:
(b) x. log x – x + C

Question 31.
Evaluate \(\int_0^2\)[x – 1] dx
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) 2
Solution:
(b) 1

Question 32.
What is the value of: ∫\(\frac{f^{\prime}(x)-f(x)}{e^x}\) dx?
(a) e^x f(x) + C.
(b) e^2x f(x) + C.
(c) e^-x f(x) + C.
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) e^-x f(x) + C.

Question 33.
What is the value of \(\int_0^1\)x(1 – x)⁹⁹ dx?
(a) \(\frac{1}{100}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{10}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{1010}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{10100}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{1}{10100}\)

Question 34.
Solution of \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) = xy + x + y + 1 is ______.
(a) 2x + \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + C
(b) x + \(\frac{x}{2}\) + C
(c) x + \(\frac{2 x^2}{2}\) + C
(d) x + \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + C
Solution:
(d) x + \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + C

Question 35.
f(x) = \(\int_0^x\)t sin t dt then f ‘(x) = ______.
(a) x cos x
(b) x sin t
(c) x sin x
(d) x tan x
Solution:
(c) x sin x

Question 36.
What is the value of the integral \(\int_a^b \frac{|x|}{x}\)dx?
(a) |b| – |a|
(b) |a| – |b|
(c) |b| + |a|
(d) |a| + |b|
Solution:
(a) |b| – |a|

Question 37.
What is the value of ∫x^x (1 + ln x) dx?
(a) x^2x + C
(b) x^x + C
(c) 2x^x + C
(d) x² + C
Solution:
(b) x^x + C

Question 38.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^{\mathrm{p} / 2}\)ln(cot x) dx.
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) cot x
(d) sin x
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 39.
Evaluate: \(\int_{-3}^4\)|x| dx
(a) \(\frac{2}{25}\)
(b) \(\frac{25}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{25}{4}\)
(d) \(\frac{25}{-3}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{25}{2}\)

Question 40.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)(cos x – sin x) dx
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) π
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 41.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)log tan x dx.
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) π
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 42.
Integrate: \(\frac{d x}{3 e^x-1}\)
(a) \(\ln \left(\frac{e^{3 x}-1}{e^x}\right)\) + C
(b) \(\ln \left(\frac{3 e^x+1}{e^x}\right)\) + C
(c) \(\ln \left(\frac{3 e^x-1}{e^x}\right)\) + C
(d) \(\ln \left(\frac{3 e^x+1}{e^{3 x}}\right)\) + C
Solution:
(c) \(\ln \left(\frac{3 e^x-1}{e^x}\right)\) + C

Question 43.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^1 \ln \left(\frac{1}{x}-1\right)\)dx
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) -1
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 44.
Evaluate: ∫e^x\(\left(\frac{1-\sin x}{1-\cos x}\right)\)dx
(a) -e^x cot\(\frac{x}{2}\) + C
(b) e^x tan\(\frac{x}{2}\) + C
(c) e^x cot\(\frac{x}{2}\) + C
(d) -e^x sin\(\frac{x}{2}\) + C
Solution:
(a) -e^x cot\(\frac{x}{2}\) + C

Question 45.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^1\)x log(1 + x) dx
(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{3}\)
(d) \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Question 46.
What is the integrating factor of the equation y’ + y cot x = cosec x?
(a) cot x
(b) sin x
(c) cos x
(d) cosec x
Solution:
(b) sin x

(B) Very Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
Write the order of the differential equation whose solution is given by
y = (c₁ + c₂) cos (x + c₃) + c₄\(e^{x+c_5}\) where c₁, c₂, c₄ and c₅ are arbitrary constants.
Solution:
y = (c₁ + c₂) cos (x + c₃) + c₄\(e^{x+c_5}\)
y = (c₁ + c₂) cos (x + c₃) + c₄\(e^{c_5}\).e^x
= A cos(x + c₃) + Be^x
Where c₁ + c₂ = A, c₄\(e^{c_5}\) = B
As there are 3 independent constants the order of the differential equation is 3.

Question 2.
If p and q are respectively degree and order of the differential equation y = e^dy/dx, then write the relation between p and q.
Solution:
Given differential equation is
y = \(e^{\frac{d y}{d x}}\) ⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ln y
Whose order = 1 = p
Degree = 1 = q
∴ p = q

Question 3.
Write the value of \(\int_0^1\){x} dx where {x} stands for fractional part of x.
Solution:

Question 4.
Write the order of the differential equation of the family of circles
ar² + ay² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
ax² + ay² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Solution:
As there are 3 independent constants, the order of the differential equation is 3.

Question 5.
If p and q are the order and degree of the differential equation
y\(\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^2\) + x² \(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) + xy = sin x, then choose the correct statement out of (i) p > q, (ii) p = q, (iii) p < q.
Solution:
Order of the given differential = p = 2
Degree of the given differential equation = q = 1
∴ p > q

Question 6.
Write the order of the differential equation of the system of ellipses:
\(\frac{x^2}{a^2}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1
Solution:
As there are two unknown constants in the system of ellipses \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 the order of the differential equation is 2.

Question 7.
What do you mean by integration? Write your answer in one sentence.
Solution:
Integration is the antiderivative of a function.

Question 8.
Write the differential equation of the family of straight lines parallel to the y-axis.
Solution:
\(\frac{d x}{d y}\) = 0 is the differential equation of family of lines parallel to y-axis.

Question 9.
Write the value of ∫\(\int_{-\pi / 4}^{\pi / 4}\)sin⁵ x cos x dx.
Solution:
Let f(x) = sin⁵ x cos x
f(-x) = sin⁵ (-x) cos (-x)
= -sin⁵ x cos x = -f(x)
i.e. f is an odd function.
Thus \(\int_{-\pi / 4}^{\pi / 4}\)sin⁵ x cos x dx = 0

Question 10.
Write the degree of the differential equation ln\(\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 \mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{dx}^2}\right)\) = y
Solution:
The degree of the differential equation ln\(\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 \mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{dx}^2}\right)\) = y is 1.

Question 11.
What is F'(t) if F(t) = \(\int_a^t\)e^3x .cos 2x dx ?
Solution:
F(t) = \(\int_a^t\)e^3x .cos 2x dx
⇒ F'(t) = e^3x cos 2t

Question 12.
Write the order and degree of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = \(\frac{2 y^3+\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^4}{\sqrt{\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}}}\)
Solution:
Order = 2, Degree = 3

Question 13.
∫\(\frac{\cot x d x}{\ln \sin x}\) = ?
Solution:
∫\(\frac{\cot x d x}{\ln \sin x}\) = ln(ln sin x) + C

Question 14.
What is F'(x) if F(x) = \(\int_0^{\mathbf{x}}\)e^2t sin 3t dt?
Solution:
If F(x) = \(\int_0^{\mathbf{x}}\)e^2t sin 3t dt then F'(x) = e^2x sin 3x

Question 15.
∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x \sin ^2 x}\) = ?
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x \sin ^2 x}\) = 4∫\(\frac{d x}{\sin ^2 2 x}\)
= 4∫cosec² 2x dx = -2 cot 2x + C

Question 16.
What is the value of ∫\(\frac{d}{d x}\)f(x) dx – \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(∫f(x) dx)?
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d}{d x}\)f(x) dx – \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(∫f(x) dx)
= f(x) + C – f(x) = C (constant)

Question 17.
If \(\int_1^2\)f(x) dx = λ, then what is the value \(\int_1^2\)f(3 – x) dx?
Solution:
If \(\int_1^2\)f(x) dx = λ, then \(\int_1^2\)f(3 – x) dx = λ

Question 18.
What is the value of \(\int_{-1}^1 \frac{d x}{1+x^2}\)?
Solution:
\(\int_{-1}^1 \frac{d x}{1+x^2}\) = \(\left[\tan ^{-1} x\right]_{-1}^1\)
= tan^-1 1 – tan^-1 (-1)
= tan^-1 1 + tan^-1 1
= 2tan^-1 (1) = 2 . \(\frac{\pi}{4}\) = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

Question 19.
Write the order and the degree of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{d^3 y}{d x^3}\) = \(\left(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\right)^2\) + \(\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^4\) + y
Solution:
Order = 3
Degree = 1

Question 20.
Write the particular solution of \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = (1 + x)⁴, y = 0 when x = -1.
Solution:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = (1 + x)⁴ ⇒ \(\frac{(1+x)^5}{5}\) + C
Given y = 0 for x = -1
⇒ o = o + c ⇒ c = o
∴ The particular solution is y = \(\frac{(1+x)^5}{5}\)

(C) Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
Evaluate: ∫\(\frac{2 x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+10 x+29}}\)dx
Solution:

Question 2.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^{\pi / 2} \frac{\cos x d x}{(2-\sin x)(3+\sin x)}\)
Solution:

Question 3.
Evaluate: ∫\(\frac{d x}{(1+x) \sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Solution:

Question 4.
Solve: cosec x \(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = x.
Solution:
cosec x \(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = x => \(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = x sin x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = ∫x sin x dx + A
= x (-cos x) – ∫(-cos x) dx + A
= -x cos x + sin x + A
⇒ y = -∫x cos x dx + ∫sin x dx + A∫dx + B
= [x sin x – ∫sin x dx] – cos x + Ax = B
⇒ y = -x sin x – 2 cos x + Ax + B is the solution.

Question 5.
Find the particular solution of the following differential equation:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1+y^2}{1+x^2}\) given that y = √3 when x = 1
Solution:

Question 6.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^a x^2\left(a^2-x^2\right)^{5 / 2}\) dx
Solution:

Question 7.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^a \frac{d x}{e^{4 x}-5}\)
Solution:

Question 8.
Evaluate: ∫x² tan^-1 x dx.
Solution:

Question 9.
If f(x) = e^x + \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\) and f(0) = 1, then find f(x).
Solution:
f(x) = e^x + \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\)
⇒ f(x) = ∫\(\left(e^x+\frac{1}{1+x^2}\right)\)dx + C
= e^x + tan^-1 x + C
f(0) = 1
⇒ 1 = 1 + 0 + C => C = 0
Thus f(x) = e^x + tan^-1 x

Question 10.
Evaluate: ∫(log x)² dx
Solution:
I = ∫(log x)² dx
= (log x)². x – 2∫(log x) . \(\frac{1}{x}\) . x . dx
= x (log x)² – 2 ∫log x. dx
= x (log x)² – 2 {(log x) x – ∫dx}
= x (log x)² – 2x log x + 2x + C

Question 11.
Evaluate: ∫\(\frac{2 x+9}{(x+3)^2}\)dx
Solution:

Question 12.
Solve: ydy + e^-y x sin x dx = 0
Solution:
ydy = e^-y x sin x dx = 0
⇒ y e^y dy + x sin x dx = 0
⇒ ∫y e^y dy + ∫x sin x dx =C
⇒ y e^y – e^y + (-x cos x) + sin x = C
⇒ e^y (y – 1) – x cos x + sin x = C is the general solution.

Question 13.
Evaluate: ∫\(\frac{d x}{x \ln x \sqrt{(\ln x)^2-4}}\)
Solution:

Question 14.
Find the particular solution of the differential equation \(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = 6x given that y = 1 and \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 when x = 0.
Solution:
\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = 6x ⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 6 . \(\frac{x^2}{2}\) + A
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 3x² + A ⇒ y = x³ + Ax + B
Using the givne conditions x = 0, \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2, y = 1, we get
2 = 0 + A ⇒ A = 2
and 1 = 0 + 0 + B ⇒ B = 1
The particular solution is y = x³ + 2x + 1

Question 15.
Evaluate: \(\int_0^{\frac{3}{2}}\)[x²] dx
Solution:

Question 16.
Find the differential equation whose general solution is ax² + by = 1, where a and b are arbitrary constants.
Solution:

Question 17.
Integrate: ∫\(\frac{\sin 6 x+\sin 4 x}{\cos 6 x+\cos 4 x}\) dx.
Solution:

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text B: Some Samples of Advertisement Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text B: Some Samples of Advertisement

Activity -1
Make sentences using the following from Text – B (ii)

tense	withstand
like-minded	rehearse
hold	satisfaction
alternative	picture
practise	career

Answer:
tense: The situation is very tense.
like-minded: The matter should be discussed among like-minded people.
hold: The statement does not hold true.
alternative: There is not other alternative than doing it.
practise: Practise yoga and keep healthy.
withstand: I cannot withstand his insolence.
rehearse: They rehearsed the drama before staging it.
satisfaction: His work is not up to my satisfaction.
picture: He gave a clear picture of the situation.
career : He should form your career at the right earnest.

Extra Activity – 1(A)

I. (i) Infinitives (used as nouns):
1. To teach humanity is the aim of this school
2. Other children are told off to help them.
3. The real aim of this school is to teach humanity.
Notice that the to – infinitive in sentence 1 is used as the subject, in sentence 2, it is used as the object and in sentence 3, it is used as the complement. We can say that the infinitives in these sentences above are used as nouns.

Fill in the blanks with ‘to – infinitive’ as necessary:
1. __________ is human, divine.
2. I promise __________ you in these crises.
3. __________ before you speak is always wise.
4. I want ___________ the place where the accident occurred.
5. Don’t forget __________ the door when you go out.
6. __________ your voice again was so pleasant.
7. Your first duty is __________ your motherland.
8. She appears __________ a clever girl.
9. His aim in life is __________ a college teacher.
10. Anita wanted __________ photography.
Answer:
1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.
2. I promise to help you in these crises.
3. To think before you speak is always wise.
4. I want to see the place where the accident occurred.
5. Don’t forget to lock the door when you go out.
6. To hear your voice again was so pleasant.
7. Your first duty is to serve your motherland.
8. She appears to be a clever girl.
9. His aim in life is to become a college teacher.
10. Anita wanted to read photography.

II. Derive nouns from the following verbs:

suspend	weigh
breathe	grow
indicate	build
hospitalise	require
exist	propose

Answer:

Verbs	their noun forms
suspend	suspension
breathe	breath
indicate	indication
hospitalise	hospitalisation
exist	existence
weigh	weight
grow	growth
build	building
require	requirement
propose	proposal

III. Make sentence with the following using them both as nouns as well as verbs:

poison	plan
damage	cause
rated	wear
increase	ban
benefit	show

Answer:
poison :
(N) She committed suicide by taking poison.
(V) She has poisoned your mind against me.

damage :
(N) The accident has caused a lot of damage.
(V) Corruption has damaged his personality.

rated :
(N) The rate of interest at present is very long.
(V) Sachin is rated as the best batsman.

increase :
(N) India has a very alarming increase in population.
(V) The price of petroleum product has increased.

benefit :
(N) This project promises no benefit.
(V) The price of petroleum product has increased.

plan :
(N) You should chalk out a plan.
(V) He is planning to visit France in November.

cause :
(N) One must read the theory of cause and effect.
(V) Ravan’s pride caused his fall.

wear :
(N) He deals in footwear.
(V) Players must wear white clothes.

ban :
(N) Government has put a ban on this film.
(V) Government have banned staging of the play.

show :
(N) It was a ground show.
(V) The wrinkles on his profiles show his age.

Extra Activity – 1(B)

Give antonyms of the following:

dirty	growth
low	risen
false	stringent
increasing	private
efficiency	majority

Answer:

Words	their antonyms
dirty	clean
low	high
false	true
increasing	decreasing
efficiency	inefficiency
growth	decay
stringent	lenient
private	public
majority	minority

II. Derive adjectives from the following:

regret	ornament
precision	seclusion
transition	commerce
response	attention
delicacy	decoration

Answer:

Words	their adjectives
regret	regretful
precision	precise
transition	transitional
response	responsive
delicacy	delicate
ornament	ornamental
seclusion	secluded
commerce	commercial
attention	attentive
decoration	decorative

III. Turn the following sentences into passive:
1. They have repaired the road.
2. Someone stole my bicycle last night.
3. No one knows his address.
4. I can carry a thin box.
5. They will give you a good salary.
6. You must post the letter now.
7. You must obey the rules of the road.
8 . My pen needs filling.
9. They laughed at her.
10. Do you know this man?
11. The news surprised to alL
12. He gave him what he wanted.
13. Switch on the lights.
14. She showed the visitor the new baby.
15. The doctor advised the patient to take rest.

Answer:
1. The road has been repaired.
2. My bicycle was stolen last night.
3. His address is known to none.
4. This box can be carried by me.
5. You will be given a good salary.
6. The letters must be posted now.
7. The rules of the road must be obeyed.
8. My pen needs to be filled.
9. She was laughed at.
10. Is this man known to you?
11. We were all surprised at the news.
12. He was given what he wanted.
13. Let the lights be switched on.
14. The new baby was shown to the visitor.
15. The doctor advised the patient that rest should be taken or the patient was advised to take rest.

IV. Give antonyms of the following:

closeness	genuine
modem	availability
extravagant	occupy
responsible	impressive
remember	appropriate

Answer:

Words	their antonyms
closeness	remoteness
modern	ancient
extravagant	frugal
responsible	irresponsible
remember	forget
genuine	false
availability	nonavailability
occupy	vacant
impressive	unimpressive
appropriate	inappropriate

Section – B

Focussing Question:
Look at the advertisement opposite and decide what its main idea is. Choose from the list below:
(a) Lila Hotels do their best make their guests feel and home.
(b) Lila Hotels mostly cater for businessmen/women.
(c) The guests in Lila Hotels will find all the facilities they require in the building itself.
(d) Lila Hotels take great care in looking after business women as well as businessmen.

Some Samples of Advertisement Summary in English

“What I’m really trying to say is that they treat me like a person. A rather overused phrase, I agree but other business women will know what I mean. If Fm in the restaurant there’s none of that over effusive welcome followed by a table behind a pilar or near the kitchen door. I don’t have to take my briefcase into the bar either, to prove all I want is a drink. When I go to my room, there are some little extra touches that make me feel specially welcome. It’s not simply the softer decor. Lila have thoughtfully provided a hair dryer and make up mirror, things I appreciate away from home.

And they can even come up with an iron or a pair of tights at a moments notice. So, I always stay at Lila Hotel whenever I can. I like their friendly and business-like attitude towards me. As speaking as a woman, you can’t say fairer then that.” Lila Hotels International. (Nobody works harder to make your stay better) Tell him your date of birth, your educational qualification and why you want to join us. He will send you booklets to give you a far longer picture, picture of the life and if you like, put you in touch with people who can tell you more about the career.

Analytical Outlines:

• The writer says that they treat him like a person
• The business women will know it better.
• He was in a restaurant.
• There was no over-effusive welcome.
• It was followed by a table.
• The table was behind a pillar near to the kitchen door.
• He had not taken his briefcase to the bar.
• He also wanted a drink.
• He went to his room
• There were some extra touches.
• This made him feel specially welcome.
• It was not simply the softer decor.
• Lila had thoughtfully provided a hair dryer.
• She had only provided one make up mirror.
• He appreciates these things away from home.
• They can come up with an iron or a pair of tights immediately.
• For this reason, he always stays at Lila Hotel.
• Whenever he goes there.
• He likes their friendly attitude.
• He likes their business-like attitude towards him
• That Hotel is actually, much more fairer than other.
• The Hotel is Lila Hotel International

Meaning Of Difficult Words
treat – to consider, to behave, to handle, to manage
restaurant – refreshment room
over-effusive – over-extensive
tank – here, fighting vehicle
roar – to make a loud
crisis – turning point, moment of danger of suspense
erupt – to break out
scour – to go along, to cleanse
remote – separate, indirect
guess – anticipation hope
tense – serious
mobile – easily moved, movable
prevail – to succeed, to be current, to predominate
confront-free, encounter

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text C: On the Education of a Man of Business Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text C: On the Education of a Man of Business

Activity-10
Comprehension
Answer the following questions in a sentence of two:

Question (a)
How is ‘university’ in a course of study helpful to a man of business?
Answer:
‘University” in a course of study is helpful to a man of business because, it makes the mind agile but gives a variety of information. Such a system will make him acquainted with many modes of thought, with various classes of facts, and will enable him to understand men better.

Question (b)
What should a young person read during the transitional period from school to bis affairs of the world? ‘
Answer:
Ayoungmanshouldreadbooksthatmiximaginationandphilosophythatisbooksof the Bacoimian style during the transitional period from school to his entry into the affairs of the world.

Question (c)
How is a ‘ready man’ different from a ‘full man’?
Answer:
A ‘ready man’ is a practical man ready with facts and information but a ‘full man’ sustain bookish knowledge without practical utility.

Question(d)
How can a young man be trained to be methodical?
Answer:
Ayoung man can be trained to be methodical through letting him employ himself in making digests, arranging and classifying materials, writing narratives and in deciding upon conflicting evidence.

Question (e)
Why should a man of business bie allowed to repeat some apt expressions which a . learned man should avoid?
Answer:
A man ofbusiness should be allowed to repeat some apt expressions which a learned man should avoid because avoidance of such repetitions maybe carried too far in all kinds of writing. In literature, one is seldom brought to account for misleading people but in business one may soon be called upon to pay the penalty for having avoided the world which would exactly have expressed one’s meaning.

Question (f)
How can the sense of responsibility help in a man develop his personality?
Answer:
Aman of business must develop a sense of responsibility. He must believe in the power and validity of truth and in all he does or says should be anxious to express as much truth as possible.

Activity – 11
Grammar Review

We often use ‘should’ or ‘ought to ’ interchangeably with little difference of meaning. But there acts places where one is preferred to the other. ‘Should’ is preferred when an outside authority rather than the speaker himself recommends it. In case of power failure the computer should be switched off. ‘Should’ is also preferred when we give advice with ‘I’. I should avoid your company if I were you. Now, use should or ought to be in the blank spaces. In some places you can use either of them.

(a) This bottle ____________ be kept out of reach of children.
(b) If I were feeling ill, I ____________ stay at home today.
(c) I think you ____________ have listened to him, if I were you. It could have helped you.
(d) According to the instruction printed on the bottle, it ____________ be refrigerated after opening.
(e) The application you, sent ____________ includes the details of your past experience.
Answer:
(a) This bottle should be kept out of reach of children.
(b) If I were feeling ill, I should stay at home today.
(c) I think you ought to have listened to him, if I were you. It could have helped you.
(d) According to the instruction printed on the bottle, it should be refrigerated after opening.
(e) The application you, sent ought to includes the details of your past experience

Activity-12
Grammar Review
Complete the sentence with must or have/has to:

(a) The patient ____________ have at least eight hours sleep at night. He has got a longs problem and he ____________ give up smoking.
(b) That’s in reality a good news, I ____________ phone my friend Kim.
(c) I always sleep through the alarm clock. My Dad ____________ wake me up every morning.
(d) ‘Can we meet tomorrow evening?’ Sorry, no I ____________ go to the dentist at 7 O’clock. ’
(e) To get to Bangalore. I ____________ borrow money from my sister.

Answer:
(a) The patient must have a least eight hours sleep at night. He has got a longs problem and he has to give up smoking.
(b) That’s in reality good news, I have to phone my friend Kim
(c) I always sleep through the alarm clock. My Dad must wake me up every morning.
(d) ‘Can we meet tomorrow evening?’ Sorry, no I have to go to the dentist at 7 O’clock.
(e) To get to Bangalore. I have to borrow money from my sister.

Activity-15

The following passage was originally in 6 paragraphs. But all of them have been combined into one. You are to find out the places where new paragraphs begin and mark them with ( ) Unconsciousness is a state of where the person appears to be in deep sleep from which he/she can not be awoken. The individual does not respond to any external stimuli like sprinking cold water on the feet and for that matter even painful ones like piercing with a pin tingling a nerve etc.

This insensible state is brought about by some interference in the normal functioning of the brain and the nervous system Unconsciousness when partial is called stupor and when complete is termed as Coma. In cases of stupor, the individual can be roused with difficulty, but the eyelids can not be opened due to resistance by the individual In coma, however, although there is not response. When an individual is being called, the lids can be opened without any resistance.

The usual cases of unconsciousness include fainting, sun in the blood supply to the train, because of fright, unexpected good or bad news etc. People held up in stuffy places like elevators often faint. A sudden fell in blood pressure can also cause feinting. The individual appears pale becomes weak and slow, breathing becomes shallow and the skin turns cold and clammy. Excessive summer heat can make an individual faint. Prolonged exposure to sun may also caused sun stroke which starts with headache, vomiting, dizziness, cramps or dryness ofthe throat.

Conclusion commonly results in unconsciousness. Direct injury to the brain caused by either a blow on the head or a fell from a height etc. may result in short while in mild cases. Concussion and compression result in stupor or come in more serious cases. An individual could suddenly become unconscious due to a heart attack. The initial signs are vomiting, profiise sweating and pain in the left sided of the chest.

Answer:
Unconsciousness …………………… nervous system
Unconsciousness when partial ………………………
The usual cases of …………………….. an individual feint.
Prolonged ……………………. exposure in unconsciousness.
Direct injury …………………. in more serious cases.
An individual ……………. left side of the chest.

Activity -16
Cohesive Devices

Choose correct alternatives from the given choices to fill the blanks 1 – 5 in the following passage.
The problem of deep-sea pollution can only be solved by international corporation
(1) the problem of pollution and coastal degradation of our own shoreline in our special problem which we must be conscious of and tackle by ourselves. Pollution only means dirt
(2) ‘matter in the wrong place.’Getting late or becoming ignorant about it all can be disastrous. There are types and degrees of pollution, but even a slight amount can affect natural and necessary function and movements we have seen that pollution near the coast and in astuaries and creeks affects the breeding of fish, thus reducing their numbers in the deep sea. But heavy pollution,
(3) that of Mahim Creek Mumbai also kills the coastal vegetation like mangroves which is responsible for holding the sand and run in place and consequently for the health of coastal areas. Costal and estuarine lands are often extremely fertile, the nutrients washed down in rivers often ‘pileup’ in
(4) flat marshy areas, making the soil reach
(5) the lagoons are the fish nurseries. Good vegetation cover is one way of dealing with polluted water in such areas, for the plants absorb must of the waste matters.
1. However / though / although / but
2. On the other hand / in other words / whereas / broadly speaking.
3. Mainly / similar to / such as / specially.
4. And/when/where/while.

Answer:
1. but,
2. in other hands
3. such as
4. many
5. while

Section – C
Suppose you are going to take some major decisions in your life now. You have to choose a career and make preparation of your future life. What will be your three important considerations while choosing a career ?’
List them below:
(i) ____________
(ii) ____________
(iii) ____________
Whatever career you choose, the following essay, ‘On the Education of Man of Business’ with its insightful observations can light up the path of your life.

On the Education of a Man of Business Summary in English

A man of business should be closely brought up in the habit of reasoning. The study of geometry is hardly better for him. Any university course of study designed for him makes his mind agile and gives a variety of information. This system will make him grow acquainted with many modes of thought with various classes of facts and will enable him to understand men better. His youth time may be well spent by the study of metaphysical nature. A breath and a tone may be given to a man’s mode of thinking. It will afterward be of signal use to him in the business of everyday life. Some works transit from the school to the world.

These are particularly needed in a system of educational studies remote from real life. Such works tend to give the students interest in common things about him which he has scarcely even been called upon to feel They display how imagination and philosophy can be woven into practical wisdom. However, our student is not intended to become a learned man, a man of business not a full man but a ready man He must be taught to arrange and express what he knows, for this purpose let him employ himself in making digests arranging and classifying materials, writing narratives and in deciding upon this conflicting evidence.

All these exercises require a method. A method is developed from rule beginnings. There is hardly any degree of toil for which he would not be compensated by such a result. The student of business should begin soon to cultivate fluency in writing. Fluency does not mean the flow of words, but a habit of expressing his thoughts with accuracy with brevity, and readiness. Moreover, in the style of the man of business, nothing is to be aimed at but plainness and precision.

A close repetition of the same word for the same thing need not be avoided. In literature, however, you are seldom brought to account for misleading people, but in business, you may soon be called upon to pay the penalty for having shunned the word which should exactly have expressed the meaning. A consummate man of business should be able to fix his attention on details and be ready to give every kind of argument a hearing.

This will not encumber him for he must have been practiced beforehand in the exercise of his intellect and there they remain in a shapeless heap, another possessed of method can arrange what he has collected, but such a man by the aid of principles goes further and bulbs with his materials. In feet, in addition to a stout heart, he should have the patient temperament and a vigorous but disciplined imagination and then he will plan boldly and with a large extent of view, execute calmly and not be a stretching act of his hand for things not yet within his grasp. He will let opportunities grow before his eyes until they are ripped to be seized.

He will think steadily over possible failure, in order to provide a remedy or a retreat, there will be the strength of repose about him. He must have a deep sense of responsibility. He must believe in the power and vitality of truth and in all he does or says, should be anxious to express as much truth as possible. His feelings of responsibility and love of truth will almost inevitably endow him with diligence accuracy and discreteness these commonplace required for a good man of business.

Analytical Outlines

• A man of business should be closely brought up in the habit or reasoning.
• He should study geometry.
• It is hardly better for him.
• The university course of study is designed for him.
• It makes his mind agile.
• It gives varieties of information.
• This system acquaints him with many mode of thought.
• It acquaints him with various classes of facts.
• It will enable him to understand men better.
• His youth time may be spent by the study of metaphysical nature.
• A breath and a tone may be given to a man’s mode of thinking.
• It will be a good signal for him.
• It will help him in the business of everyday life.
• Some works transit from the school to the world.
• These are actually needed in educational studies.
• These are remote from real life.
• Such works provide the students interest in common things.
• He has scarcely been called upon to feel these.
• They display how imagination and philosophy can be woven.
• They can be woven into practical wisdom.
• Out student is not intended to be a learned man.
• Neither is he intended to be a business man.
• Nor is he intended to be a foil man.
• But he is intended to be a ready man.
• He must be taught to arrange what he knows.
• He must be taught to express what he knows.
• We should let him to digest arranging of materials.
• We should let him to classify these materials.
• We should allow him to writing narratives.
• We should allow him to decide upon this conflicting evidence.
• All these exercises require method.
• Method is developed from rule beginnings.
• There is hardly and degree of toil for.
• He would not be compensated by such a result.
• The student of business should begin to cultivate a fluency in writing.
• Fluency does not mean flow of words.
• But it means a habit of expressing his thoughts.
• It must be with accuracy.
• It must be with brevity.
• It must be also with readiness.
• Nothing much is required for the style of man of business.
• But it requires plainness.
• Again it also requires precision.
• A close repetition of the same word of something should not be avoided.
• In literature, we seldom use it.
• We consider here as misleading the people.
• But is business we should not be shunned.
• Otherwise, we have to pay penalty for it.
• Because it must express the meaning exactly.
• A consummate man of business must fix his attention on details.
• He should be ready to give every kind of argument a hearing.
• This will not encumber him
• As he has practised it before hand.
• It is actually exercise of his intellect.
• He should be strong in principles.
• He can collect materials together.
• There they remain a shapeless heap.
• He can also arrange the collected material
• But still then, he will go further by the aid of principles.
• The principles he builds with his materials.
• In feet, he should be having a stout heart.
• Again, he should have patient temperament.
• It should be vigorous.
• But there should be disciplined imagination.
• So that he will plan boldly.
• He will plan with large extent of view.
• He will execute it calmly.
• He should not stretch out for his out of his grasp.
• He will let opportunities grow before his eyes.
• Until they are riped to be seized.
• He will think steadily over possible failure.
• So that, he can provide a remedy or a retreat for it.
• There will be the strength ofrepose about him.
• He must have a deep sense of responsibility.
• He must believe in the power and vitality of truth.
• All his doing should be anxious to express much truth.
• His feeling of responsibility and loved oftruth will endow with him diligence.
• It will endow him with accuracy.
• It will also endow him with discreteness.
• All these common things are required for a good man of business.

Meanings Of Difficult Words
agi – active, nimble
variety – diversity di&rence
information – instruction, intimation
Mode – type, kind
metaphysical – of the science of being and knowledge meta means beyond, physic means earth.
transit – change, pass from one to other
remote – separate, indirect
tend – to look after, to incline, to conduce
scarcely – hardly rarely, seldom
display – to exhibit, show
conflicting – ling, colliding
evidence – clearness, obviousness, testimony, proof; witness, indication
oil – hard struggle
compensate – to make amends for
cultivate – to till to produce, to devote attention to
fluency – volubility
accuracy – exactness, correctness
brevity – briefiiess, consciousness
consummate – to perfect, to accomplish, to relish
encumber – to imped the motion of to hamper
vigorous – energetic, of vital power

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Human Environment Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Human Environment

Activity 13
(Self-check)

In this unit, you have gone through three texts. You were asked to name the first two texts. Check whether your titles were close to the original titles given below.
A. “Our Environment” from the book Environmental Science: Global concern by W.P. Cunningham and B.W. Saigo (1999) PP – 8 – 11.
“Impact of Global Wanning” by Arvind Gupta in Science Reporter, April 2001, pp24-26.
“Human Environment” by Indira Gandhi: An excerpt from a speech at the UN conference in Stockholm on June 14, 1972.

Activity 14
(Language Functions)

Unlike in Text A and Text B, in Text C you can find quite a few sentences with the first person subject,
I qt we. Why do you think there is such a difference?
What are the clues in Text C which suggest that it is an excerpt from a formal speech?

Activity – 15
Comprehension Oftexts

Question (a)
The title of Text – A is ‘Our Environment’. The title Text – C is ‘Human Environment’. Do the titles reflect different points of view? Explain.
Answer:
The two titles do not reflect different points of view. Both speak volumes about the environment and its pollution, but their approaches are different.

Question (b)
‘The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development but between environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth in the name of efficiency’.What message does the speaker convey through these words in Text – C?
Answer:
The speaker wants to say that man is at the root of defiling the environment. His sense of superiority over others and relentless impetus progress have caused these uncompromising ills.

Question (c)
‘No-ecological project can survive a war’. What does the speaker mean?
Answer:
The speaker means that war destroys everything on earth. It not only kills but maims and deforms the living and the yet-to-come. No ecological project can help wars not to be launched.

Question (d)
Read the last paragraphs of the three texts (A-C). Do you find any differences among their conclusions? Write a brief note on the differences.
Answer:
The concluding paragraphs of the three texts substantially bear no differences. They center around the thing – protection of the environment has become the crying need of the hour.

Activity -16
Complete the following table contrasting Text – C with Text- Aon the parameters suggested below:

Points of contrast	Text -A	Text – C
Writer purpose Writer’s point of view Views on population growth Mews on ecology

Answer:

Points of contrast Writer’s purpose	Text- A A marvelous planet environmental dilemma sign of hope	Text- C Critical analysis of various things
Writer’s point of view involved	Destruction of the environment makes us helpless. His suggestion for restoration	Many things are like a vicious circle, are too difficult to deal with
Views on population growth	A major cause of environmental pollution	Not the major cause only
Views on ecology	detailed analysis	In brief.

Activity -17
Cohesive Devices

What do the italicized words in the following sentences refer to in Text – C? The numbers in, brackets are paragraph numbers.
(i) We who are a part of nature and dependent on her for every need, speak………. (3)
(ii) It is decreasing in jungles……….. (3)
(iii) Thus we see that when it comes to the depletion of natural resources…….. (5)
(iv) This is no longer feasible nor will it be acceptable. (9)
(v) Will it remain confined to a narrow concern……? (12)

Answer:
(i) her – nature
(ii) it – wildlife
(iii) thus – this is how
(iv) this – withholding technology from ecology
(v) it – environment.

Activity – 18
Cohesive Devices

Choose the correct alternatives to complete the paragraph. European navigators had also learned that there were other problems besides hunger the thirst. (The navigators / they/ everyone) noticed that ships crews often because very sick (as / even / though / whereas) they were eating and drinking regularly, (although/ as / but) they did not understand why this happened. (However / infect/ nevertheless) the crews were suffering from a disease called scurvy caused by a lack of vitamin C. (At last / in the long run/ although) their gums became sore, their teeth fell out and many eventually.

Answer:
They noticed that ships crews often……….
even though they were eating and drinking……….
In feet, the crews were suffering………….
In the long run, their gums became sore…………

Activity -19
Given below are eight paragraphs on an appeal from the WorldWild Life Fund. The title of the passage is ‘Seve the Jungle – Save the World’. The appeal is given in eight sections. Ato H. Arrange the sections in the proper order to get the original passage.

(a) What are the burning reasons that drive men to destroy our monumental inheritance? Man seldom does anything for entirely rational reasons: usually, the less rational his ‘reasons, the more he defends them with short-term economic arguments. That is one of the modem lessons in ecology.

(b) We need the timber, we need the animals for food, pets, and of course for sport: continues the argument. Well, the forests have always been generous in their riches as far as they are able. They are not limitless. They are being exhausted at an ever-increasing speed and the habitats of innumerable other species of both flora and fauna and destroyed as a side effect.

(c) Many of you will know – because you have already contributed to our efforts – that the World Wild Life Fund is currently supporting more than 30 percent of conservation projects in various rainforest areas atone. The funds, ‘save the tiger appear for 4,00,000 raised to a magnificent 5,60,000, and governments responded not only by establishing reserves but also by controlling the trade in skins.

(d) We need the land for people runs the argument. Well, many people already inhabit the tropical forest belt. The native tribes have their own two impact lifestyle, hunting, trapping, and practicing a little cultivation. Perhaps not idyllic, it is nevertheless a lifestyle that does not endanger the forest ecosystem. We stress a little cultivation because, paradoxically, the forest soil is often infertile, and trees and green plants thrive on the comfort of their fallen foliage, which is rapidly broken down and recycled as nutrients. So when the jungle is cleared to plant crops, there is no means to put fertility back into the soil. Many governments spend much time resettling, people in deforested areas as part of so-called forward-looking development projects. But the crop yield is meager and brief. The soil soon makes its point. Erosion and flooding also tend to follow deforestation.

(f) Good husbandry- forest ecology, wisdom in planning less greed, and stupidity could keep man and the delicate rainforest relationship in balance indefinitely. This is our last great store host………… …our last wonderland. (g) Homo Faber, Man Builder has tragically always seen the jungles as something alien and environment to be vanquished, replaced with his own construction. In the past twenty years, the rate of pillage has increased alarmingly and huge tracts of verdant, beautiful forest- an irreplaceable treasure house of living things have given way often, to the wasteland. The evidence is that man will redouble his destructive efforts until the forest system is smashed and the jungle will function no more.

(h) Now we ask you to help us find our biggest ever international project: a two-year appeal to raise 1/2 million. The money will be used to sustain national parks and reserves within the tropical rainforest belt, in countries around the globe. Research, planning, manpower, and equipment all will be bought from the money you are able to give. If we cannot save the forests in their original state and the axe the bulldozer and the greater and lesser bureaucrat with his deadly pen have already seen to that- we must save enough to preserve them living burgeoning ecosystems the most remarkable on earth.

Answer:
1. (c) The so-called jungle of popular…………………….on earth.
2. (b) We need the timber…………………..as a side effect.
3. (f) Good husbandry…………………………last wonderland.
4. (d) We need the land…………….to follow deforestation.
5. (a) What are burning…………………….modem lessons in ecology.
6. (g) Homo Faber………………………….will function no more.
7. (c) Many of you………………….. trade in skins.
8. (b) Now we ask you………………. ….remarkable on earth.

Activity – 20
Brochure Writing

Read the following brochure on Chitika Lake.

Millions of intercontinental migrant birds, who go by natural instinct, fly great distances from places as for off Siberia, Mongolia, and South – Eastasia to their winter retreat in Chilka the largest brackish water lake in Asia. The placid blue lagoon, with a water-spread area of over one thousand square kilometers, is dotted with many picturesque islands and has the lofty mountains of the Eastern Ghats providing the ascetic backdrop.

This is the natural habitat of many species of flora and fauna including a number of rare endangered species like the Barakudia limbless skink The many fishing villages and sailing boats add local color and folklore lends a special flavor.
Dolphins provide the element of surprise.
And romance is in the air.
Be there and experience the real thing.

Extra Activity – 20(A)
Use the following expressions in the text – C in sentences of your own. Don’tcopyout the sentences from the text:

Kinship	look upon
star-strewn sky	sanitation
throughout	hankers after
righteousness	perseverance
synonymous	dedicated
assault	Heritage
arrogant	instantly
prevent from	diabolic
poaching	ecological project
deprived	hopeless desolation
contaminated	remain unaffected
eradicated	equitable
conservation	remain confined to
disposed of	disparities
discarded	brought about
side effects	findings
inadequacy

Answer:
Kinship: Man must develop a kinship with nature
Star-strewn sky: I enjoy sleeping under the star-strewn sky.
Throughout: There is a hue and cry throughout the country.
Righteousness: He is respected for his sense of righteousness.
Synonymous: Shankar’s name is synonymous with children’s art and literature.
Assault: The ruffian made a physical assault on the young man.
Arrogant: Nobody likes him for his arrogant behavior.

Prevent from: Children should be prevented from playing with fire.
Poaching: Preserving and poaching are the parallel human activities
Deprived: Everyone should be treated equally, no one should feel deprived
Contaminated: The river water is getting contaminated due to industrial sewage.
Eradicated: Poverty is very difficult to be eradicated
Conservation: Conservation of forests has become the crying need of the hour.
Concentrated on: He concentrated his mind on his studies.
Descended: The dirty and tom dresses should be discarded.
Side effects: This medicine produces no side effects.
Inadequacy: Inadequacy has a kinship with poverty.
Look upon: All citizens should be looked upon as equals
Sanitation: Sanitation is the prime concern of every city-dweller
Hankers after: He always hankers after money.
Perseverance: Perseverance is the main key to success.
Dedicated: The old man leads a dedicated life.

Heritage: We should be proud of our ancient heritage.
Instantly: You should instantly consult a doctor for your illness.
Diabolic: Guiltyambition and diabolic malice are his nature
Ecological project: An immediate ecological project should be made to fight pollution.
Hopeless desolation: The old man is living in hopeless desolation
Remain unaffected: His serene disposition remains unaffected by the noise.
Remain confined to A socialistic country that makes an equitable distribution of wealth
Equitable: Women should not remain confined to the four walls of the house.
Exclusive: Women have an exclusive right to sit over there
Disparities: Disparities in salary in the same capacity lead to less work.
Brought about: Information technology has brought about a tremendous revolution in the world.
Findings: There were no findings in his research.

Human Environment Summary in English

Progress should become synonymous with an assault on nature in most countries. The highest mountain in the world was claimed in 1953. Nehru objected to the phrase ‘Conquest of Everest”. Poverty and need are the greatest ‘polluters. The environment cannot be improved in conditions of poverty. Nor can poverty be eradicated without the use of science and technology. The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development but the between environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth in the name of efficiency.

However, industrial civilization has promoted the concept of efficient man. He whose entire energies are concentrated on producing more in a given unit of time and from a given unit of manpower. Pollution is not a technical problem. The fault lies not in science and technology but in the sense of values of the contemporary world which ignores the rights of others and is forgetful of the longer perspective. The environmental problem of developing countries are not the side effects of excessive industrialization but reflect the inadequacy of development. Warfare is the bane of mankind. It not only kills instantly but also maims and deforms the living and the yet-to-born.

This also poisons the land, making it barren and desolate. The environmental crisis will be after the destiny of our planet. No one amongst us, whatever our status or strength in the circumstance, can remain unaffected. Life is one and the world is one and everything is interrelated The population explosion, poverty, ignorance and diseases, the pollution of our surroundings, and the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and biological and chemical agents of destruction are all parts of a vicious circle. Modem man must bear to re-establish an unbroken link with nature and with life.

Analytical Outlines

• Asoka was the first only monarch to be kind towards animals.
•  They had forbidden the killing of animals for sports or food.
• progress has become synonymous with the assault on nature.
•  It is an established fact.
•  The highest mountain in the world was claimed in 1953.
• Nehru objected to the phrase ‘Conquest of Everest.
•  Poverty and need are the greatest polluters.
• The tribal people live in the forests.
• They kill the trees in the forests.
• Actually, they destroy the forest entirely.
•  They destroy it for food.
•  They also destroy it for livelihood
•  We should provide them with employment.
•  We should also develop their purchasing power.
•  So that we can stop deforestation
•  Maximum people live in villages.
•  Some even live in shunning areas.
•  They keep the oceans, rivers, and air clean.
•  They live in poverty.
•  Actually, the environment can’t improve poverty.
•  Even speaking with them regularly is not so easy.
•  We should try to eradicate poverty.
•  It can be done through the use of science.
•  It can be also done through the use of technology.
•  The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development.
• But it is between the environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth.
• Of course, it is done in the name of efficiency.
•  Pollution is not a technical problem.
•  The fault does not lie in science and technology.
• But it lies in the sense of values in the contemporary world.
• The environmental problems of developing countries are not the side effects of excessive industrialization.
• It reflects the inadequacy of development.
•  We can have knowledge from the research and perseverance of dedicated people.
• That knowledge is likely to play an important role in shaping our future plans.
• Actually, we all want peace.
•  But modem warfare kills and deforms our living.
• Of course, the environmental crisis will profoundly change the future destiny of our planet.
• Life is one and the world is one.
• In feet, the vicious circle comprises so many things.
• These are population explosion and poverty.
•  These are also ignorance and disease, the pollution of our surroundings.
• Even some are the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and biological chemical agents of destruction.
•  The problem, of course, is related to modem man.
• Modem man must reestablish an unbroken link with nature and with life.
•  He must learn to recognize the energy of growing things.
• The ancient men were doing this.
•  Our devotion to the chanting of the Atharvaveda might help us to have a better environment.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming

Activity -8
Vocabulary

Choose words from the passage that mean more or less the following:
(The number of the paragraphs in which the words occur are given in brackets)
(i) The quality of being easily hurt. (1)
(it) A generally accepted opinion among a group of people. (1)
(iii) Relating to the earth. (8)
(iv) Happening again and again. (9)
(v) The plants and animals naturally exist in the place. (13)

Answer:
(i) Vulnerability,
(ii) Consensus,
(iii) Terrestrial,
(iv) Recurrent,
(v) Ecosystem

Activity – 9
Comprehension.

On the basis, of our reading of the Text – B mentions whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false.

(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming.
(if) India has difficulty coping with climate change.
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming.
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons.
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago.
(vi) Polar ice- caps will become shorter due to global warming.

Answer:
(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming. (T)
(ii) India has difficulty coping with climate change. (T)
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming. (F)
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons. (T)
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago. (T)
(vi) Polar ice caps will become shorter due to global warming. (T).

Activity -10
Comprehension

Answer the following questions, each in a sentence or two.
Question (i)
What effects of global warming do we experience now?
Answer:
Following global warming we are experiencing high-level temperatures, melting of snow, frequent floods and droughts, and their aftermaths.

Question (ii)
Experts say that in the future the boundaries of plant and animal habitats will shift northwards. Why do they think so?
Answer:
The northern part is comparatively cooler than the southern one which due to increased accumulation of temperature will not result in a level rise that will force the plant and animal habitat to shift northwards.

Question (iii)
Why do experts think that the poor will be more affected by global warming?
Answer:
It is because the rich and well-resourced people will be able to adapt to climate change whereas the poor will suffer the worst because they will have to be thrown out of industrial and agricultural setups.

Question (iv)
How will global warming affect India’s water resources?
Answer:
India will be visited by frequent floods and droughts due to erratic rains which result from global warming. Agriculture and industry will be badly affected by forest fires and tropical cyclones will be a regular feature.

Question (v)
What will be the effect of global winning in the polar regions?
Answer:
Permafrost thawing, reduction of sea ice, coastal erosion melting of ice sheets, global ocean circulation, and sea level rise will adversely affect the polar regions.

Activity – 11
Note -Making

While making notes from text – B, a student missed some words as given below:
Fill in the blanks to complete the note.
1……………………… (title)
A. Introduction:
(a)……………..
(b) IPCC
(c)………………
(d) apprehensions

B. Impact on………. and………… systems
(a) water
(i)…………….
(ii) Rainfall

(b)………….
(c) Ecosystems
(d)…………..
(e) Health Hazards
(f)…………..

C. Regional………………not uniform
(a)…………. and with low…………. capacity.
(b)…………. and…………. with high………….
(c) Southern ………… and ………….
(d)………….. regions.
(e) Islands

D. Conclusions:
(a) Validity……………… ed
(b)…………….. place of ……………..

Answer:
1. Global warming
A. Introduction:
(a) Opinionofthe scientist.
(b) IPCC
(c) Scientific consensus.
(d) apprehensions.

B. Impact on climate and ecosystems
(a) (i) floods and droughts.
(ii) Rainfall.
(b) Glaciers.
(c) Ecosystems.
(d) Economy.
(e) Regional diversity.

C. Regional impact: not uniform.
(a) Asia and Africa with low adaptive capacity.
(b) North America and Europe with high adaptive capacity
(c) Southern Europe and Northern
(d) Arctic regions.
(e) Islands

D. Conclusion:
(a) Validity IPCC Estimated
(b) Apocalypse in place of IPCC WG

Activity – 12
Comparing two Texts

Question (i)
How is Text -1 similar to Text – 2?
Answer:
Both texts are similar in the same way that cause danger to the atmosphere.

Question (ii)
How are they different from each other?
Answer:
They’re almost the same but with a little difference. They differ from each other in the feet in that the first pollute the air, whereas the second causes high temperatures.

Question (iii)
Text – 1 presents the environmental crisis in the second section, where does Text – 2 present such crises?
Answer:
Text two presents such crises in the first section.

Question (iv)
What are the author’s attitudes toward such crises?
Answer:
The author’s attitudes are to arouse awareness amongst people against the danger of pollution and global warming.

Question (v)
Which author is more pessimistic? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The author of the second text is more pessimistic. It is because the author of the first one is hopeful in regard to improvements and his counterpart in the second text warns of a grim future.

Extra Activity – 12(A)
Say what parts of speech the following are in Text – B

conclusion	interfere
global	contaminate
temperature	increase
natural	erosion
adaptability	accelerate
consensus	biological
predict	infectious
indications	expand
physical	heat
frequency	recurrent
survival	diagonal
closely	respiratory
dependent	insecurity
capabilities	malnutrition
economic	severe
environmental	extreme
poorly	commercial
considerably	phenomena
varied	industrial
decrease	catastrophic
currents.

Answer:

conclusion	noun
global	adjective
temperature	noun
natural	adjective
adaptability	noun
consensus	noun
predict	verb
indications	adjective
physical	adjective
frequency	noun
survival	noun
closely	adverb
dependent	adjective
capabilities	noun
economic	adjective
environmental	adjective
poorly	adverb
considerably	adverb
varied	adjective
decrease	verb
currents.	verb
interfere	verb
contaminate	verb
increase	verb
erosion	noun
accelerate	verb
biological	adjective
infectious	adjective
expand	verb
heat	adjective
recurrent	adjective
diarrheal	adjective
respiratory	adjective
insecurity	noun
malnutrition	noun
severe	adjective
extreme	adjective
commercial	adjective
phenomena	noun
industrial	adjective
catastrophic	adjective

Section – C

You have already read two texts on our environment, both of the written from the scientists, viewpoint. In this section, you are going to read excerpts from an address by a former Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi. Do you think, there is a difference in her approach to the environmental problem?

Impact of Global Warming Summary in English

A large number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise in the range of 1.4 to 5.80°C by 2100 in relation to 1990. Preliminary indications as to global warming show that changes in regional climate and extreme weather have already affected many physical and biological systems. Increased frequency of floods and droughts is another cause of global mean temperature. Shrinkage of glaciers, melting of ice sheets, lengthening of the growing season in mid to high altitudes northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries, early flowering trees, etc. are some examples of the effect of global warming. Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment. Economic sectors like industry, insurance, and financial services are also dependent upon environmental conditions. Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.

Impact On Natural and Human Systems:
The impact of global warming ranges from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems Every aspect of society will be affected. Global warming will bring about major changes in water distribution and water resources. Glaciers will shrink while smaller ones will disappear water stress in lower latitudes will increase. Higher evaporation due to higher temperatures will cause greater demand for water for irrigation purposes. Monsoons will be more intense causing greater flooding.

The change in precipitation will have an impact on local agriculture and vegetation. Freshwater fish will migrate poleward. The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed. It will carve a deep effect on the oceans. A decrease in sea ice cover, changes in water salinity, and alteration of ocean circulation currents can be expected. Flooding and land erosion will increase in the coastal areas. The severity of storms will increase. Human health will be in jeopardy.

Regional Impacts:
Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change will be more rapid in these areas. An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets. Global ocean circulation and sea level rise. Fishery and tourism, are the mainstay of the economics of small island states, and the livelihood of their population will be adversely affected. However, the regional impact will be variable, and so will the capacity of different societies to adopt.

Analytical Outlines

• The IPCC report suggests that global warming is already upon human civilization.
•  A large number of scientists have come to a conclusion.
•  The global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise.
•  It will rise in the range of1 .4 to 5.8°C by 2100 in relation to 1990.
•  Preliminary indications of global warming show something.
• Changes in regional climate affect physical and biological systems.
• Changes in extreme weather also affect it.
• Increased frequency of floods and droughts is a cause of global mean temperature.
• The effects of global warming are many.
• One of them is the shrinkage of glaciers.
• Another is the melting of ice sheets.
•  Another effect is the lengthening of growing seasons in mid to high altitudes.
• Still, another is a northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries.
•  Still another effect of it is the early flowering of trees.
•  Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment.
•  Economic sectors are also dependent upon environmental conditions.
• These sectors are industry, insurance, and financial services.
• Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.
• The impacts of global warming range from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems.
• Every aspect of society will be affected.
• It will bring about major changes in water distribution.
•  It will also bring about maximum changes in water resources.
•  Actually, glaciers will shrink.
• The smaller glacier will disappear.
•  This will increase water stress in lower latitudes.
• Higher temperature causes higher evaporation.
•  It will cause greater demand for water.
• This demand for water is for irrigation purposes.
• Monsoons will be more intense.
•  It will cause greater flooding.
•  The change in precipitation with impact on local agriculture.
• It will also impact vegetation.
• Freshwater fish will migrate poleward.
• The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed.
•  It will carve a deep effect on the oceans.
•  We expect from it decreases in sea ice cover.
• We expect changes in water salinity.
•  We expect an alternation of ocean circulation currents.
•  Flooding will increase in the coastal areas.
•  Land erosion will increase in the coastal areas.
•  The severity of storms will increase.
•  Human health will be in jeopardy.
•  Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change.
•  It will be more rapid in these areas.
•  An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets.
•  Rainfall patterns will change to a great extent.
•  It will cause greater flooding.
•  More rainfall will take place in shorter periods.
•  Human health will be endangered in many ways.
• Diseases like malaria and dengue will be common.
• Vector-borne infectious diseases will increase.
•  Flood-borne infectious diseases will also increase.
•  It will also increase water-borne infectious diseases.
• Socio-economic impacts will be served.
• Extreme weather will lead to human migration.
•  Industrial transportation will be hindered by floods.
• Commercial infrastructure will also be hindered.
•  The impact of climate change will cause regional problems.
• Fishery and tourism of small island states will be affected.
•  It will adversely affect the population.
•  The regional impact will be variable.
•  So will the capacities of different societies to adopt.
•  It will lead to a greater deluge if the right measures are not taken.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

glacier – A slow-moving large mass of ice
atolls – Islands made of corals and shaped like rings with saltwater lakes in the middle.
permafrost thawing – melting of snow on land which is a permanent change in the civilization
apocalyptic – a serious event that brings destruction and change in the civilization.
prediction – something which can make you see the future.
impact – influence, effect engraved upon something.
Assesses – estimates, determine the value of something.
adaptability – the cooperating and adjusting impulse of people.
vulnerability – that which is easily attacked.
consensus – agreement, holding a uniform opinion.
black – dark, grim, uncertain, dangerous.
extreme weather – weather that is either very hot or very cold.
shrinkage of glaciers – glaciers or ice sheets becoming smaller and smaller through the melting of ice owing to increasing temperature.
considerable – to a great extent or degree.
intense – severe, concentrated, harsh.
precipitation – the amount of rainfall in a particular area.
vegetation – plant kingdom on the earth.
migrate poleward – more forward in the direction of the poles.
habitat – a shelter for the animal’s
salinity – salty level in the seawater.
alternation – change, metamorphosis
marine – relating to sea and ships
erosion-corrosion, wiping away of soil
accelerate – quicken, increase, expedite
contaminate – pollute, release dirty things into something respiratory diseases, occurring in the respiratory tract lungs, heart, etc.
aggravate – increase the gravity of something.
thermal expansion – expansion of heat.
mainstay – the pivotal force on which other things rest.
adversely affected – worst affected, greatly suffered.
variable – changeable, changes according to the changing situation.
Emission – gases coming out of something through a process (e.g. smoke gas etc)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Our Environment Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Our Environment

Section -A

Activity -1
Skimming

Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Answer:
Environment: It’s Pollution And Restoration

Activity – 2
Vocabulary

Find out from Text – Awards which more or less means the following paragraph numbers have been given in brackets:
of a large amount (2)
producing a large number of something (2)
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options (2)
Mysteriouslyinteresting (3)
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually(6)
Sudden and destructive (8)
Relationship between all plants, animals, weather conditions, and geological features of an area (8)
Sad and without hope (12)

Answer:
Of a large amount – beautiful.
Producing a large number or amount of something – plentiful.
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options prolific and hospital world that is unique in the universe.
Mysteriously interesting – intriguing
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually – erosion
Sudden and destructive – catastrophic
Relationship between all plants, weather-ecosystems
Sad and without hope – dismal.

Extra Activity
Find words in the Text – A which derive from the following words:

Imagination	severe
beauty	erode
host	deplete
Universal	poor
regeneration	contaminate
spontaneity	industry
complicate	pollute
sufficiency

Answer:

Imagine	severity
beautiful	erosion
hospitable	depletion
universe	poverty
regenerate	contamination
spontaneous	industrial
complications	pollution
sufficient

Activity – 3
Comprehension
On the basis of your reading, say whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of the statement.
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable.
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth.
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia.
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels.
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago.

Answer:
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable. (T)
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth. (T)
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia. (F)
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels. (T)
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago. (T)

Activity -4
Comprehension
Answer the following questions, each with a sequence or two with reference to the passage.

Question (i)
Why is the world considered bountiful?
Answer:
The world is considered bountiful because it laps plenty of animals, birds, tiny living organisms, plants, human beings, aquatic creatures, and many other things. It is a planet where life is possible it looks beautiful with natural objects.

Question (ii)
Why is the effect of population growth harsher on developing countries?
Answer:
Developing countries suffer a serious setback owing to the population with affection development. The existing sustenance is sufficient for the growing population. Scarcity becomes a regular feature that ultimately leads to poverty. Development gets handicapped owing to population growth.

Question (iii)
What is food security dependent on?
Answer:
Food security is dependent on poverty, democracy, and equitable distribution. suggestion for improvement only. The introduction of the first section tells about the feet that the earth was the most beautiful and the most suitable place to live in. This would make the reader know how human activities are responsible for the destruction of the beautiful earth.

Activity -6
Grammar
In the text, Awe have come across phrases like

Life – support system
Zero-population growth
Fossil- fuel consumption
Pollution control measures etc.
In which the last line of the phrase is modified by other nouns going before it.
They may be expanded into the ‘system that supports life’ the rate of growth of population as zero etc.
Now, expand the noun phrases underlined in the following sentences and rewrite the sentences.

I shall meet you at the car park.
The building materials industry is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the kitchen cupboard.
He lived a hand-to-mouth existence.
The publication department brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Answer:
I shall meet you where the car park.
The industry that makes building materials is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the cupboard in the kitchen.
He lived an existence that provides just had to mouth.
The department publications brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Activity – 7
Grammar

Sometimes verb + ing works as adjectives. Earth-moving activities, towering trees, self-sustaining communities, and pressing problems are such examples. Even past participle forms (en) of verbs work as adjectives, such as a broken doll, the bored children, etc.

Rewrite the following sentences using a participle (-ignore forms):
The town where I grew up made steel
(a steel-making town)
We hired builders based in Kolkata.
The main road that was lined with trees looked majestic.
His performance at the national games broke a number of records.
The dispute had been going on for a long time.
Answer:
We hired Kolkata-based builders.
The main road that was lined with trees was majestic looking.
It was a record-breaking performance of his at the national games.
It was a long-standing dispute.

Extra Activity – 7(A)
Fill in the blanks with the correct proposition from Text- A

Question 1.
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning_______ the earth ________ a long trip_______ the moon or Mars.
Answer:
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to the earth after a long trip to the moon or Mars.

Question 2.
Compared_______ the conditions________ the other plannets_________ our solar system temperatures ________ the earth are mild and relatively constant.
Answer:
Compared to the conditions on the other planets in our solar system, temperatures on the earth are mild and relatively constant.

Question 3.
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar __________ many places and may increase _________ frequency and severity if population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue ___________ the same rate in the feature as they have________ the past.
Answer:
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar in many places and may increase in frequency and severity f population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continues at the same rate in the future as they have in the past.

Question 4.
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access ________ clean water or adequate sanitation.
Answer:
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation.

Question 5.
We produce hundreds_________ millions _________ tons_______ these dangerous materials annually and much ________ it is disposed ______ ______ dangerous and irresponsible ways.
Answer:
We produce hundreds of millions of tons of these dangerous materials annually and much of it is disposed of in dangerous and irresponsible ways.

Question 6.
The incidence_______ life-threatening infections and diseases have been reduced sharply in most countries ________ in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.
Answer:
The incidence of life-threatening infections and diseases has been reduced sharply in most countries during in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.

Section – B

Do you think you felt warmer this summer than last year? What are the possible causes of the progressive increase in temperature during the last few years?

Our Environment Summary in English

We are, at present confronting a lot of environmental problems. Before examining the environmental crisis, a slight analysis of the one we inherited should be made. Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to earth from the Mood of Mars and it would lie a nice experience to have come back to this planet from outer space. Although we are facing certain problems here, we are living unique place quite prolific and profitable. The most astonishing of our planet is the rich diversity of life that exists here. Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth and help sustain a habitable environment. Organisms like viruses, bacteria, and other tiny forms make-up self-sustaining communities. Dense, moist forests, vast sunny, savannas, and richly colorful coral reefs are here.

Environmental Dilemma:
One of the major environmental dilemmas is the rapid growth of the population. Demographers believe that this unprecedented growth rate will slow in the next century and that the population might eventually drop back below its present size. Others warn that the population will quadruple in a century after its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate. Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity if population growth soil erosion and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate. The deficit in and contamination of water is another threat. Violent conflicts over control of natural resources may increase if we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.

Supplies of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas are diminishing at an early rate. Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and may bring about sea level rises and catastrophic climate change. Acids formed in the air as a result of fossil fuel combustion already have caused extensive damage to building materials. Chlorinated compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration and air-conditioning, also contribute to global warming as well as damage the Stratospheric ozone that protects us from cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Destruction of tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands, and other biologically rich landscapes is causing alarming loss of species and a reduction in biological variety.

Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. The health effects of pollution, toxic, wastes, stress, and other environmental ill-of-modem society have become a greater threat than infectious diseases for us in industrialized countries.

Sign Of Hope:
Steps have already been initiated in North America and Europe in reducing air and water pollution. Population in some countries has stabilized. The incidence ofKfe threatening diseases has been reduced sharply increasing life expectancy. In spite of all this much more is to be done for finding a viable solution to the problems. Being aware of the problems we face is the first step towards finding their situations.

Analytical Outlines

• Now a days, we face a lot of environmental problems.
•  We should at first, have a slight analysis of our earth.
• Then we have to analyze the environmental crisis.
•  Imagine yourself as an astronaut.
•  You have just returned to earth from the Moon or Mars.
•  It would be a nice experience.
•  Although we are feeling certain problems here.
•  Of course, our earth is unique.
•  It is quite prolific and profitable to live here.
•  We find the most astonishing feature of our planet.
•  It is the rich diversity, of life that exists here.
•  Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth.
•  It helps to sustain a habitable environment.
• The tiny forms make up self-sustaining communities.
• These organisms are viruses, bacteria, etc.
•  Our planet has also dense, moist forests.
• It has also vast sunny savannas and richly colorful coral reefs.
• One of the major environmental dilemmas is rapid growthofpopulatioa
• Demographers believe in something.
• They believe in unprecedented growth rates.
•  It will slow down in the next century.
• The population might eventually drop back below its present size.
•  Others warn about something.
• The population will quadruple a century after.
•  Its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate.
• Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity.
• If population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate.
•  The deficit in water is another threat.
• Contamination of water is the other one.
•  It may increase violent conflicts over control of natural resources.
•  If we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.
• The supply of fossil fuels is decreasing at every rate.
• These fuels are oil, coal and natural gas, etc.
• Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide.
•  It may bring about a rise in the sea level
• It also causes catastrophic climate changes.
•  Fossil fuel combustion forms acids.
•  It already has caused extensive damage to building materials.
• Chlorinated compounds are chloroform carbons.
•  These are used in refrigeration.
• These are also used in air-conditioning.
• These contribute to global warming.
•  It also damages the stratospheric ozone.
•  This ozone protects us from cancer.
•  Because it causes ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
•  Earth is full of biologically rich landscapes.
• These are tropical forests, coral reefs wetlands, etc.
•  It causes an alarming loss of species.
• It also causes a reduction in biological variety.
•  In industrialized countries the problem is many.
•  One problem is toxic air.
•  Another one is water pollution.
•  Even other hazardous wastes.
•  These are becoming overwhelming problems in modem society.
• The environment causes infectious diseases.
•  Steps have already been initiated in North America.
•  Europe is reducing air and water pollution.
• Population in some countries has been stabilized.
•  The incidence of life-threatening diseases has been reduced.
•  It sharply increases life expectancy.
•  Much more steps are taken to viable solutions to the problems.
•  Being aware of the problems is the first step towards finding their solutions.

Meaning Of Difficult Words.

inherited – obtained as a right from the predecessors.
desolate – isolated, lonely, uninherited.
unique – sole, second to none, the kind of thing which has no substitute.
regenerated – produced, created, resulted, etc.
spontaneously – automatically, naturally, moving on its own without any external impulse.
amazing – surprising, astonishing, astounding, wonderful.
diversity – different kinds of variety of many kinds.
savannas – flat and vast expense of grassy land in Africa.
heat absorbing – gases that absorb and soak heat.
global warming – warming or heating of the universe.
catastrophic climate – a climate that causes disaster.
fuel combustion – burning of fuel that gives heat and energy that propels engines.
ecosystem – environmental setup shortened from the ecological system.
stratospheric – stratosphere of the atmosphere. The atmosphere has four layers, 1 – Biosphere, 2 – Toposphere, 3 – Stratosphere, and 4 Ionosphere.

reefs – lines of rocks, sand, or corals just above or below the sea surface.
abundance – plentitude, a lot of affluence.
aesthetic – appreciation of beauty, art, and literature.
ethical – moral, valuable ideas.
survival – existence, living, sustenance
hazardous – dangerous, something, causes danger.
noxious – very harmful, dangerous, repulsive
dumped – heaped, piled, put together
impose – the point at which further development is impossible.
paramount – the most powerful, pivotal, principal
litany – a long list of unpleasant things
stabilized – make stable and static, not to continue
infectious – diseases that spread through infection.
regardless of – with regard or respect to nothing.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text C: Some Differences Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 1 Text C: Some Differences

Activity -11

Scanning:
Which of the following aspects have not been discussed in the text?

Blood style	Energy reserve capacity
Blood production	Startup energy capacity
Shape of bones	Capacity for exercise
Size of bones	Need for oxygen
Arrangement of bones	Rate of breathing
Thickness of skin	Amount of Oxygen- intake
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Fat layer under skin	Ageing rate
Muscle – Fat ratio	Amount of muscles

Answers:

Blood type	Need for oxygen
Blood production	Rate of breathing
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Amount of muscles	Ageing

Activity -12

Comprehension:
On the basis of your reading of the passage, mention whether the following statements are true or false. Put (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of each statement.

(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men.
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women.
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing.
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women.
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men.
(vi) Menare cooler in summer.
(vii) Men have more muscle than women.
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight.
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women.
(x) Man grow weaker at a foster rate as they grow.

Answers:
(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men. (T)
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women. (T)
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing. (T)
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women. (F)
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men. (T)
(vi) Menare cooler in summer. (F)
(vi) Men have more muscle than women. (T)
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight. (F)
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women (F)
(x) Man grow weaker at a faster rate as they grow. (T)

Activity – 13

Vocabulary:
Match each work or expression in italics in column with in meaning in column B.

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) Put a leg forward to walk
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) difficult
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) frightening
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) protect
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) movement from side to side

Answers:

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) difficult
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) Put a leg forward to walk
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) movement fromside to side
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) frightening
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) protect

Activity -14

Cause-And-Effect Sequence:
Men have longer bones, narrow pelvis and their bones are arranged differently. So the result is that they walk with astride and climbed stairs more quickly. Similarly, find out from the text the causes that result in the following effects.
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
(ii) Men have greater strength.
(iii) Menare less intelligent
(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.

Answers:
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
Answer:
The higher proportion of muscles to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight.

(ii) Men have greater strength.
Answer:
In fact, men have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty- one percent of men’s body is muscle compared to thirty- five percent for women, it means that men have more music power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight.

(iii) Men are less intelligent.
Answer:
Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in r their bodies have the lowest scores on their intelligence tests and that boys score more than girls.

(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women.

(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.
Answer:
For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat fucked away in women’s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercised exceeds the male capacity.

Activity – 15

Inferring:
You can infer information that is not stated clearly in a text by making a logical guess either from what is on the text, or what you know about the world or both.
(i) What happens during surgery that makes it riskier for men?
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. As men breathe deeply they inhale more pollutants that complicates surgery.

(ii) Whose knees are more likely to be hurt by the same activities men’s or women’s?
Answer:
Women’s knees are more likely to the hurt by the same activity.

(iii) Name one part of the body where bad goes when it’s breathed in?
Answer:
Lead goes to brain through blood causing less intelligence.

(iv) Name one advantage a man would have and one advantage a women would have in a hot, sunny country?
Answer:
Men in sunny countries wrinkle less than women do women, stay cooler in summer.

(v) If a man and woman weighed the same at the age of 20, who would be strong at the age of 60?
Answer:
A woman would be stronger at the age of 60.

Extra Activity – 15(A)

Use the following words in sentences of your own first as nouns and then as verbs.

risk	wrinkle
draw	coat
exhaust	help
lead	skin
score	start
whistle	result

Answers:
risk: (N)Mountaineering is full of risk.
(V) You should not risk your life driving in such hilly area.

draw: (N)The match came to draw.
(V)Draw the picture now.

exhaust: (N)Automobile exhausts pollute the air.
(V)The stock has been exhausted by repeated use.

lead: (N)Lead damages red blood cells.
(V)He can lead the team better.

score: (N)He has less score in mathematics.
(V)He has scored very high in English.

whistle: (N)The traffic police use whistle.
(V)The traffic police whistle to direct the way.

result: (N)The result of the examination has been declared.
(V) The strike resulted in failure.

Sun: (N)The sun is the source of energy.
(V)She sunned the rice for an hour.

wrinkle: (N)Wrinkles appear in old age.
(V) Men wrinkle quicker than women do.

coat: (N)He has won a black coat.
(V)The wires were coated with colour.

help: (N)I can do it without anybody’s help.
(V)He helps me in need.

skin: (N)We should take proper care of our skin.
(V)Skin of the vegetables.

start: (N)The cricket match has a good start.
(V)He started his journey in time.

Some Differences Summary in English

Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can which makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. Men breathe more deeply which exposes them to more risk. When the air gets polluted they inhale more of the pollutants into their lungs. Amore recent and chilling findings in the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children’s intelligence. The exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lowest scores on intelligent tests and that boys score lower than girls.

It is possible that these low-scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male. Men’s bones are larger than women’s and are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistels is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and narrower pelvis, women are designed for child bearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and way as the walks. If a man is thought to be brave because he climbs a ladder to clear out the roof gutters, don’t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman.

The angle which a woman’s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her. However, a man’s skin is thicker than a woman’s and not nearly as soft. The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible for coat to keep a woman warmer in winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Men’s fat is distributed differently. They do not have that layer of it underneath their skin.

In feet men have less fat than women and more less mass 41% of a man’s muscle is compared to 35% for women which means that men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight. For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat tucked away in women’s nooks and carries provides a rich energy reserve that men look. In exercises, men and women are also different

Analytical Outlines:

• Men can’t manufacture blood like women.
• Women can do it efficiently.
• For this reason, surgery becomes riskier for men.
• Men also need more oxygen.
• Because they do not breathe more than women.
• Men breathe more deeply than women.
• Actually, it exposes more risk.
• Often, air gets polluted.
• So men inhale more of the pollutants.
• It goes directly to their lungs.
• A survey has been made recently.
• The effect of automobile and truck fumes are considered.
• It is found that those exhaust children’s intelligence.
• These fumes are caused by led pollution in cities.
• The researchers have found something important.
• They take children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies.
• They have the lowest scores on intelligence tests.
• These boys score lower than girls.
• This lower- score is due to deeper breathing.
• It is typical in Case of men.
• Men’s bones are larger than women’s.
• They are arranged differently.
• The feminine walk evokes so many whistles.
• It happens due to bone structure
• Men have broader shoulders.
• They have also narrower pelvis.
• The change in women is for child bearing forces.
• For this reason, they show more movement into each step.
• She shows a bit of jiggle.
• Man is considered brave.
• Because, he climbs a ladder.
• He does this to clear out the roof gutters.
• He realises that it is easier for him than woman.
• This is not possible in case of woman.
• The angle of woman’s thigh joining to her knees is different.
• The angle makes climbing awkward for her.
• Aman’s skin is thicker than a woman’s.
• It is not nearly soft.
• The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through.
• Due to this, men wrinkle less than women.
• Women have a thin layer of fat.
• It is present just under the skin.
• There is a plus to this greater fat reserve.
• It acts as an invisible coat for women
• It makes them warmer in winter.
• Women also stay cooler in summer.
• Man’s fat as distributed differently.
• They do not have less feet than women.
• In fact, men have less feet than women.
• They have more lean mass.
• 41% of men’s muscle is compared to 35% for women.
• It indicates that men have more muscle power.
• Then strength of both is compared.
• Almost 90 percent of women’s weight is strength.
• Whereas it is 50% in case of women.
• Mendo not have the muscular energy reserve.
• But women reserve this energy.
• They have more start up energy.
• Women are provided a rich energy reserve.
• But men lack of it.
• Men and women are also different in exercises.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
manufacture- produce, make, create
efficiently- effectively, competently
surgery- treatment of injury
breathe- respire
pollute- to be foul, to profane
inhale- breathe in, take in
exhaust- produce, emit
fumes- smokes, vapours
evoke- to call out
pelvis- lower abdominal cavity
stride- step, to get over
display- show, exhibit
jiggle- up and down in movement
ladder- thing with steps in order to go up and down, a means of going up
awkward- clumsy, ungraceful difficult
radiation- transmission of rays

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’

Activity-1
Comprehension
Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:

Question (a)
The writer talks of two kinds of resume in the first paragraph, which of them does he think more useful and why?
Answer:
The two resumes mentioned in the first paragraph are ‘tombstone’ and ‘functional’. The‘functional’happens to be more preferable to the tombstone.

Question (b)
Why does the writer advise the job seekers never to be apologetic in a resume?
Answer:
The writer advises the job seekers never to apologize because it is the hardest job of all. It creates a negative impression.

Question (c)
Who are the intended audience for this article? How do you know this?
Answer:
The intended audience for this article are job seekers of any shade and variety. The personal pronoun ‘you’ makes it explicit.

Question (d)
What does the writer want to done between the preparation of the first draft of the } resume and its despatch to the prospective employer?
Answer:
Clustering accomplishments like leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills, sending it a printer because a printed resume is superior to photocopies are to be done between the first draft of the resume and its despatch to the prospective employer.

Activity-2
(Guessing The Meaning Of)

Choose the best answer:

Question (a)
One type of resume is called a ‘tombstone’ (Para -1) because:
(i) It lists what you have done in the post rather than what you can do in the future.
(ii) It lists your achievements in chronological order.
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.
Answer:
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.

Question (b)
‘Quick’in para 2 means:
(i) fast
(ii) efficient
(iii) alive
Answer:
(iii) alive

Question (c)
Took your own horn! (para – 6) means:
(i) don’t be modest
(ii) boast about your achievements
(iii) tell the employer what you have done in the past.
Answer:
(ii) boast about your achievements

Question (d)
When people clutch when asked to…. ? (para – 6) means:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.
(ii) many people panic.
(iii) many people hold into their old jobs when asked to leave.
Answer:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.

Question (e)
‘How to psych yourself up ’ (para – 9) means:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.
(ii) How to write your resume most enthusiastically.
(iii) How to prepare yourself mentally before writing your resume.
Answer:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.

Activity-3
Cohesive Devices

Say what the italicized words refer to in the passage.
(a) “Everyone does” __________ (para 6)
(b) ‘Oneofyours’ ____________ (para 6)
(c) ____________ about what it all means (para 9)
(d) ‘It shows an employer’ ____________ (para 9) ‘
Answer:
(i) does – clutch
(ii) yours – abilities
(iii) it – accomplishment
(iv) it- listing of accomplishments in the final resume.

Activity-4

Look at the following note, made by someone to repairing a resume. Decide which points should be included in the final vision.

• A job as Manager (Research and Development)
• Joined M. A. (Economics) in Delhi University
• Left after the first year because of father’s death.
• Studied Business Adm. at Indira Gandhi National Open University.
• Specialised in business application of computers.
• Not sure that I’d be good at doing!
• Have been without a job for three months.
• Can play violin.
• Chairperson of the parents Association of my son’s school.
• Helped friends to learn computers.
• Worked for three years as a sales representative for a computer film.
• Hated the hardware selling job.
• Get boarded quickly.
• Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
• Like working in a team.
• Can inspire young people to complete a task on time.
• Teach Economics to a group of 20 poor students of the local colleges without fees.
• 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Now group the points you have chosen under the following heading:

• Vocational objectives
• Man management skills.
• Competition and team skills.
• Management skills
• Summary of background and the others.

Answer:
Vocational objectives:
(a) Specialised in the business application of computers.
(b) Helped a friend to learn computers.
(c) A job is manager (Research and Development)

VLAN management skills:
(a) Chairperson of the Parents Association of my sons’ school
(b) Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
(c) Can inspire young people to complete a task in time.

Competition and team skills:
(i) Like working in a team

Management skills:
(a) Worked for 3 years as a sales representative for a computer firm

Summary of backgrounds and the others:
(a) Joined M.A (Economics) in Delhi University.
(b) Left after the first year because of father’s death.
(c) Not sure what I’d be good at doing!
(d) Have been without a job for three months.
(e) Can pay for violin.
(f) Hated the hardware selling job.
(g) Get bored quickly.
(h) 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Extra Activity – 4(A)

Give the derivatives of the following words in the Text – A

purpose	characterize
convince	accomplishments
employer	Skill
interview	world
familiar	people
quick	specific
writing	brief
functional	new
resume	education
important	necessarily
translating

Answer:

Words	Derivatives
purpose	Purposeful, purposive, purposefully
convince	conviction, convincing, convincingly
employer	employee, employment, employed
interview	interviewer, interviewee
familiar	familiarity, familiarise, familiarly
quick	quicken, quickly
writing	write, written
functional	functionalised, function, defunct, malfunctioned
resume	resumption, resuniptive
important	importance, importantly
translating	translate, translation
characterize	character, characteristic
accomplishments	accomplish, accomplished
Skill	skillful, skilled, unskilled, skillfulness
world	worldly, world-wide
people	popular, popularise, population, populate
specific	specifically, specify, specification
brief	briefly, briefness, brevity
new	newly, a new, newness
education	educational, educated, educationally, educationist, educate
necessarily	necessary, necessity, necessitate
identity	Identification, identity

Extra Activity – 4(B)

(i) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
drop in,
as well as,
of all shades and variety,
in particular,
have a good look at
Answer:
drop in – My friend occasionally drops in at my residence,
as well as – I as well as any friend can attend the meeting.
of all shades and variety – Sachin Tendulkar tormented the bowlers of all shades and variety.
in particular – I relish tea, in particular Tata Tea.
have a good look at – A good batsman should have a good at the pitch, before batting.

(ii)Derive adjectives from the following nouns:

Legend	comfort
pride	modesty
explosiveness	temperament
critic	nightmare

Answer:

Legend	:	legendary
pride	:	proud
explosiveness	:	explosive
critic	:	critical
comfort	:	comfortable
modesty	:	modest
temperament	:	temperamental
nightmare	:	nightmarish

(iii)Derive nouns from the following verbs:

reverse	encourage
achieve	admit
behave	react
endorse	expect
reflect	succeed

Answer:

reverse	:	reverence
achieve	:	achievement
behave	:	behavior
endorse	:	endorsement
reflect	:	admission
react	:	reaction
expect	:	expectation
succeed	:	success

(iv) Derive adjectives form the following nouns:

quintessence	passion
regret	culture
example	benefit
privacy	importance
pride	modesty

Answer:

Noun		Adjectives
quintessence	:	quiertessential
regret	:	regretful
example	:	exemplary
privacy	:	private
pride	:	proud
passion	:	passionate
culture	:	cultural
benefit	:	beneficial
importance	:	important
modesty	:	modest

(v) Derive verbs from the following nouns:
proposal
operator
introduction
requirement
provision
emission
advice
suspension

Answer:

Nouns	Verb forms
proposal	propose
operator	operate
introduction	introduce
requirement	require
provision	provide
emission	emit
advice	advise
suspension	suspend

(E)(i) Give the antonyms of the following words:

opening	reject
earlier	significant
indoor	success
cause	present
foul	before

Answer:

Words	Antonyms
opening	closing
earlier	later
indoor	outdoor
cause	effect
foul	fair
significant	insignificant
reject	accept
success	Mure
present	absent
before	after

(ii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each.
1. the system by which something can be measured.
2 Any substance that causes pollution.
3. Make people angiy.
4. Public warning to make people careful.
5. A group of people joining together to influence someone in power:

Answer:
1. index
2. pollutant
3. gall
4. alert
5. lobby

(iii) Insert articles, wherever, necessary, in the following sentences:
1. After college career, I shall join university.
2. Mr. Ahuja is Indian, his wife is European.
3. Business of thinking new thoughts is sign of civilization.
4. Japanese are industrious nation.
5. Democracy consists in giving people, things they want.
6. Freedom is spiritual quality.
7. Going abroad is unique opportunity.
8. Ganges is holiest among Indian rivers.
9. We had better have new look at whole problem.
10. He has read Upanishads.

Answer
1. ___________ a university
2. _________ an Indian __________ a European.
3. The business ___________ a sing __________.
4. The Japanese are an industrious nation.
5. __________the things __________.
6. ___________ a spiritual quality.
7. _________ a unique opportunity
8. Ganges is the holiest _________.
9. _________ a new look at the __________.
10. ___________ the Upanishads.

(iv) Derive nouns from the following verbs:

die	solve
enforce	emit
regulate	appear
exist	reduce
maintain	pollute

Answer:

Verbs	Noun Forms
die	death
enforce	enforcement
regulate	regulation
exist	existence
maintain	maintenance
solve	solution
enforce	emission
appear	appearance
reduce	reduction
pollute	pollution

(v)Match the words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column ‘B’

‘A’	‘B’
rising	easy
increase	rural
warm	harmless
urban	falling
offenders	cool
difficult	decrease
reduce	irregular
major	enhance
regular	defenders
harmful	minor

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
rising	falling
increase	decrease
warm	cool
urban	rural
offenders	defenders
difficult	easy
reduce	enhance
major	minor
regular	irregular
harmful	harmless

What Does This Unit Contain?
In this unit you will have further practice in skimming and scanning as reading subskills. You will also have practice in referring and is assessing the communicative value of a Text.
The unit comprises the following sections:
(A) How to write a wining resume-Dick Irish
(B) Advertisement samples (From newspapers and magazines)
(C) On the education ofa man of business – Sir Arthur helps

Section-(A)

Imagine that you are the owner of a small factory producing garments. You have to select and engage five employees in your factory. What are the most important qualities that you would like your employees to possess. Next, suppose you have received more than twenty applications in response to your advertisement for five jobs and you can interview .only ten candidates, how are you going to short-list the ten candidates on the basis of their job applications (also called resumes). While reading Text – A, your focus should be on getting tips on how to select these ten interviewees.

How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Summary in English

The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar ‘tombstone’ that lists where you went to school and where you have worked in the chronological order. The other is what is called the ‘functional’ resume – descriptive, fon to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you and interview. It is handy to have a ‘tombstone ’ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested ‘tombstone’ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

Put Yourself First:
While writing a resume, you have to feel yourself important. ‘Sell what you can do, not who you are’ practice translating your personality traits, character accomplishment and achievements into still areas in the world of work.

Took Your Own Horn:
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all

Be specific, be concrete and be brief:
Turn bad news into good:
If you to mention your disappointment in work look for the positive side.

Never Apologize:
If you are returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parents, simply write a short paragraph in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at a being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have not special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.

How to Psych yourself up:
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off not necessarily consecutive and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Study the list and try to spot patterns. While studying your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skill etc.). Try to list atleast three accomplishments under the same skills heading. You may take your drafts or more and several weeks, before you are already to show it to a stranger for a reaction. When you are satisfied, send it to a printer, a printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Analytical Outlines

• The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer.
• He is convinced to grant you an interview.
• There are two kinds.
• One is the familiar‘tombstone’.
• It can list where you went to school.
• It can also list where you have worked in the chronological order.
• The other is ‘functional’ resume.
• It is descriptive.
• It is‘fun to read’.
• It is also unique to you.
• It is much more likely to land you in an interview.
• It is handy to have a ‘tombstone’
• This we find in certain occasions.
• But prospective employers throw away these.
• They throw away most of those unrequired ‘tombstone’ list.
• They prefer to do the interview quick.
• For this reason, they throw away these lists.
• You have to feel yourself important while writing a resume.
• Sell what you can do, not who you are.
• you should practise translating your personality traits.
• You should practise character accomplishments.
• You should practise achievements into skill areas in the world of work.
• Many people clutch thinking about their abilities.
• Some think they have none at all.
• In writing a resume, one should be specific.
• He also should be concrete.
• He should be brief too.
• One should turn bad news into good one.
• You should always look for the positive side.
• You should never apologize.
• You are returning to the work force after fifteen years.
• Simply write a short paragraph.
• You can write it in place of chronology of experience.
• Don’t apologize for working at being a mother.
• It is the hardest job of all.
• You have no special training.
• You have no higher education.
• Then, just don’t mention education.
• You are going to write about yourself.
• So, first you have to think about the self.
• Take four or five hours off
• It should not be necessarily consecutive.
• Simply write down every accomplishment of your life.
• It is about on or off the job.
• The job that make you feel affective.
• Then study the list.
• Try to sport patterns.
• You are studying the list now.
• You will come closer to the meaning.
• Identify your marketable skills.
• Give name to you cluster of accomplishments.
• It may be just like leadership skills.
• It may be budget management skills.
• It may be child development skills.
• Try to list of least three accomplishments.
• These three must be written under the same skill heading.
• You may take your draft.
• You may take it to several weeks.
• Then you can show this to a stranger.
• You have to do this to know others’ reactions for it.
• Then send it to a printer.
• A printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Meaning Of difficult Words
Resume – summary
convince – to persuade fully, to cause to believe
grant – to permit, to allow
familiar – well – known, general, well-acquainted
chronology – the science of computing time, a scheme of the table of time, order of time.
functional – active, professional
descriptive – narrative, explaining in detail
unique – stole, special
handy – convenient, dexterous
prospective – expecting for future
accomplishments – completeness, happenings, fulfillment
achievement – performance, gain.
clutch – to grasp, tightly, to hatch, to snatch
concrete – material, not abstract, real
positive side – bright side, good side
mention – to refer to, to speak about
disappoint, – to be hopeless
apologize – make frank acknowledgment
consecutive – following in regular order, or one after another
pattern – type, order
effective – fruitful, necessary
identify – to find out, recognize
cluster – a bunch, swarm, crowd