Class 12

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text B: Some Samples of Advertisement Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text B: Some Samples of Advertisement

Activity -1
Make sentences using the following from Text – B (ii)

tense	withstand
like-minded	rehearse
hold	satisfaction
alternative	picture
practise	career

Answer:
tense: The situation is very tense.
like-minded: The matter should be discussed among like-minded people.
hold: The statement does not hold true.
alternative: There is not other alternative than doing it.
practise: Practise yoga and keep healthy.
withstand: I cannot withstand his insolence.
rehearse: They rehearsed the drama before staging it.
satisfaction: His work is not up to my satisfaction.
picture: He gave a clear picture of the situation.
career : He should form your career at the right earnest.

Extra Activity – 1(A)

I. (i) Infinitives (used as nouns):
1. To teach humanity is the aim of this school
2. Other children are told off to help them.
3. The real aim of this school is to teach humanity.
Notice that the to – infinitive in sentence 1 is used as the subject, in sentence 2, it is used as the object and in sentence 3, it is used as the complement. We can say that the infinitives in these sentences above are used as nouns.

Fill in the blanks with ‘to – infinitive’ as necessary:
1. __________ is human, divine.
2. I promise __________ you in these crises.
3. __________ before you speak is always wise.
4. I want ___________ the place where the accident occurred.
5. Don’t forget __________ the door when you go out.
6. __________ your voice again was so pleasant.
7. Your first duty is __________ your motherland.
8. She appears __________ a clever girl.
9. His aim in life is __________ a college teacher.
10. Anita wanted __________ photography.
Answer:
1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.
2. I promise to help you in these crises.
3. To think before you speak is always wise.
4. I want to see the place where the accident occurred.
5. Don’t forget to lock the door when you go out.
6. To hear your voice again was so pleasant.
7. Your first duty is to serve your motherland.
8. She appears to be a clever girl.
9. His aim in life is to become a college teacher.
10. Anita wanted to read photography.

II. Derive nouns from the following verbs:

suspend	weigh
breathe	grow
indicate	build
hospitalise	require
exist	propose

Answer:

Verbs	their noun forms
suspend	suspension
breathe	breath
indicate	indication
hospitalise	hospitalisation
exist	existence
weigh	weight
grow	growth
build	building
require	requirement
propose	proposal

III. Make sentence with the following using them both as nouns as well as verbs:

poison	plan
damage	cause
rated	wear
increase	ban
benefit	show

Answer:
poison :
(N) She committed suicide by taking poison.
(V) She has poisoned your mind against me.

damage :
(N) The accident has caused a lot of damage.
(V) Corruption has damaged his personality.

rated :
(N) The rate of interest at present is very long.
(V) Sachin is rated as the best batsman.

increase :
(N) India has a very alarming increase in population.
(V) The price of petroleum product has increased.

benefit :
(N) This project promises no benefit.
(V) The price of petroleum product has increased.

plan :
(N) You should chalk out a plan.
(V) He is planning to visit France in November.

cause :
(N) One must read the theory of cause and effect.
(V) Ravan’s pride caused his fall.

wear :
(N) He deals in footwear.
(V) Players must wear white clothes.

ban :
(N) Government has put a ban on this film.
(V) Government have banned staging of the play.

show :
(N) It was a ground show.
(V) The wrinkles on his profiles show his age.

Extra Activity – 1(B)

Give antonyms of the following:

dirty	growth
low	risen
false	stringent
increasing	private
efficiency	majority

Answer:

Words	their antonyms
dirty	clean
low	high
false	true
increasing	decreasing
efficiency	inefficiency
growth	decay
stringent	lenient
private	public
majority	minority

II. Derive adjectives from the following:

regret	ornament
precision	seclusion
transition	commerce
response	attention
delicacy	decoration

Answer:

Words	their adjectives
regret	regretful
precision	precise
transition	transitional
response	responsive
delicacy	delicate
ornament	ornamental
seclusion	secluded
commerce	commercial
attention	attentive
decoration	decorative

III. Turn the following sentences into passive:
1. They have repaired the road.
2. Someone stole my bicycle last night.
3. No one knows his address.
4. I can carry a thin box.
5. They will give you a good salary.
6. You must post the letter now.
7. You must obey the rules of the road.
8 . My pen needs filling.
9. They laughed at her.
10. Do you know this man?
11. The news surprised to alL
12. He gave him what he wanted.
13. Switch on the lights.
14. She showed the visitor the new baby.
15. The doctor advised the patient to take rest.

Answer:
1. The road has been repaired.
2. My bicycle was stolen last night.
3. His address is known to none.
4. This box can be carried by me.
5. You will be given a good salary.
6. The letters must be posted now.
7. The rules of the road must be obeyed.
8. My pen needs to be filled.
9. She was laughed at.
10. Is this man known to you?
11. We were all surprised at the news.
12. He was given what he wanted.
13. Let the lights be switched on.
14. The new baby was shown to the visitor.
15. The doctor advised the patient that rest should be taken or the patient was advised to take rest.

IV. Give antonyms of the following:

closeness	genuine
modem	availability
extravagant	occupy
responsible	impressive
remember	appropriate

Answer:

Words	their antonyms
closeness	remoteness
modern	ancient
extravagant	frugal
responsible	irresponsible
remember	forget
genuine	false
availability	nonavailability
occupy	vacant
impressive	unimpressive
appropriate	inappropriate

Section – B

Focussing Question:
Look at the advertisement opposite and decide what its main idea is. Choose from the list below:
(a) Lila Hotels do their best make their guests feel and home.
(b) Lila Hotels mostly cater for businessmen/women.
(c) The guests in Lila Hotels will find all the facilities they require in the building itself.
(d) Lila Hotels take great care in looking after business women as well as businessmen.

Some Samples of Advertisement Summary in English

“What I’m really trying to say is that they treat me like a person. A rather overused phrase, I agree but other business women will know what I mean. If Fm in the restaurant there’s none of that over effusive welcome followed by a table behind a pilar or near the kitchen door. I don’t have to take my briefcase into the bar either, to prove all I want is a drink. When I go to my room, there are some little extra touches that make me feel specially welcome. It’s not simply the softer decor. Lila have thoughtfully provided a hair dryer and make up mirror, things I appreciate away from home.

And they can even come up with an iron or a pair of tights at a moments notice. So, I always stay at Lila Hotel whenever I can. I like their friendly and business-like attitude towards me. As speaking as a woman, you can’t say fairer then that.” Lila Hotels International. (Nobody works harder to make your stay better) Tell him your date of birth, your educational qualification and why you want to join us. He will send you booklets to give you a far longer picture, picture of the life and if you like, put you in touch with people who can tell you more about the career.

Analytical Outlines:

• The writer says that they treat him like a person
• The business women will know it better.
• He was in a restaurant.
• There was no over-effusive welcome.
• It was followed by a table.
• The table was behind a pillar near to the kitchen door.
• He had not taken his briefcase to the bar.
• He also wanted a drink.
• He went to his room
• There were some extra touches.
• This made him feel specially welcome.
• It was not simply the softer decor.
• Lila had thoughtfully provided a hair dryer.
• She had only provided one make up mirror.
• He appreciates these things away from home.
• They can come up with an iron or a pair of tights immediately.
• For this reason, he always stays at Lila Hotel.
• Whenever he goes there.
• He likes their friendly attitude.
• He likes their business-like attitude towards him
• That Hotel is actually, much more fairer than other.
• The Hotel is Lila Hotel International

Meaning Of Difficult Words
treat – to consider, to behave, to handle, to manage
restaurant – refreshment room
over-effusive – over-extensive
tank – here, fighting vehicle
roar – to make a loud
crisis – turning point, moment of danger of suspense
erupt – to break out
scour – to go along, to cleanse
remote – separate, indirect
guess – anticipation hope
tense – serious
mobile – easily moved, movable
prevail – to succeed, to be current, to predominate
confront-free, encounter

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text C: On the Education of a Man of Business Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text C: On the Education of a Man of Business

Activity-10
Comprehension
Answer the following questions in a sentence of two:

Question (a)
How is ‘university’ in a course of study helpful to a man of business?
Answer:
‘University” in a course of study is helpful to a man of business because, it makes the mind agile but gives a variety of information. Such a system will make him acquainted with many modes of thought, with various classes of facts, and will enable him to understand men better.

Question (b)
What should a young person read during the transitional period from school to bis affairs of the world? ‘
Answer:
Ayoungmanshouldreadbooksthatmiximaginationandphilosophythatisbooksof the Bacoimian style during the transitional period from school to his entry into the affairs of the world.

Question (c)
How is a ‘ready man’ different from a ‘full man’?
Answer:
A ‘ready man’ is a practical man ready with facts and information but a ‘full man’ sustain bookish knowledge without practical utility.

Question(d)
How can a young man be trained to be methodical?
Answer:
Ayoung man can be trained to be methodical through letting him employ himself in making digests, arranging and classifying materials, writing narratives and in deciding upon conflicting evidence.

Question (e)
Why should a man of business bie allowed to repeat some apt expressions which a . learned man should avoid?
Answer:
A man ofbusiness should be allowed to repeat some apt expressions which a learned man should avoid because avoidance of such repetitions maybe carried too far in all kinds of writing. In literature, one is seldom brought to account for misleading people but in business one may soon be called upon to pay the penalty for having avoided the world which would exactly have expressed one’s meaning.

Question (f)
How can the sense of responsibility help in a man develop his personality?
Answer:
Aman of business must develop a sense of responsibility. He must believe in the power and validity of truth and in all he does or says should be anxious to express as much truth as possible.

Activity – 11
Grammar Review

We often use ‘should’ or ‘ought to ’ interchangeably with little difference of meaning. But there acts places where one is preferred to the other. ‘Should’ is preferred when an outside authority rather than the speaker himself recommends it. In case of power failure the computer should be switched off. ‘Should’ is also preferred when we give advice with ‘I’. I should avoid your company if I were you. Now, use should or ought to be in the blank spaces. In some places you can use either of them.

(a) This bottle ____________ be kept out of reach of children.
(b) If I were feeling ill, I ____________ stay at home today.
(c) I think you ____________ have listened to him, if I were you. It could have helped you.
(d) According to the instruction printed on the bottle, it ____________ be refrigerated after opening.
(e) The application you, sent ____________ includes the details of your past experience.
Answer:
(a) This bottle should be kept out of reach of children.
(b) If I were feeling ill, I should stay at home today.
(c) I think you ought to have listened to him, if I were you. It could have helped you.
(d) According to the instruction printed on the bottle, it should be refrigerated after opening.
(e) The application you, sent ought to includes the details of your past experience

Activity-12
Grammar Review
Complete the sentence with must or have/has to:

(a) The patient ____________ have at least eight hours sleep at night. He has got a longs problem and he ____________ give up smoking.
(b) That’s in reality a good news, I ____________ phone my friend Kim.
(c) I always sleep through the alarm clock. My Dad ____________ wake me up every morning.
(d) ‘Can we meet tomorrow evening?’ Sorry, no I ____________ go to the dentist at 7 O’clock. ’
(e) To get to Bangalore. I ____________ borrow money from my sister.

Answer:
(a) The patient must have a least eight hours sleep at night. He has got a longs problem and he has to give up smoking.
(b) That’s in reality good news, I have to phone my friend Kim
(c) I always sleep through the alarm clock. My Dad must wake me up every morning.
(d) ‘Can we meet tomorrow evening?’ Sorry, no I have to go to the dentist at 7 O’clock.
(e) To get to Bangalore. I have to borrow money from my sister.

Activity-15

The following passage was originally in 6 paragraphs. But all of them have been combined into one. You are to find out the places where new paragraphs begin and mark them with ( ) Unconsciousness is a state of where the person appears to be in deep sleep from which he/she can not be awoken. The individual does not respond to any external stimuli like sprinking cold water on the feet and for that matter even painful ones like piercing with a pin tingling a nerve etc.

This insensible state is brought about by some interference in the normal functioning of the brain and the nervous system Unconsciousness when partial is called stupor and when complete is termed as Coma. In cases of stupor, the individual can be roused with difficulty, but the eyelids can not be opened due to resistance by the individual In coma, however, although there is not response. When an individual is being called, the lids can be opened without any resistance.

The usual cases of unconsciousness include fainting, sun in the blood supply to the train, because of fright, unexpected good or bad news etc. People held up in stuffy places like elevators often faint. A sudden fell in blood pressure can also cause feinting. The individual appears pale becomes weak and slow, breathing becomes shallow and the skin turns cold and clammy. Excessive summer heat can make an individual faint. Prolonged exposure to sun may also caused sun stroke which starts with headache, vomiting, dizziness, cramps or dryness ofthe throat.

Conclusion commonly results in unconsciousness. Direct injury to the brain caused by either a blow on the head or a fell from a height etc. may result in short while in mild cases. Concussion and compression result in stupor or come in more serious cases. An individual could suddenly become unconscious due to a heart attack. The initial signs are vomiting, profiise sweating and pain in the left sided of the chest.

Answer:
Unconsciousness …………………… nervous system
Unconsciousness when partial ………………………
The usual cases of …………………….. an individual feint.
Prolonged ……………………. exposure in unconsciousness.
Direct injury …………………. in more serious cases.
An individual ……………. left side of the chest.

Activity -16
Cohesive Devices

Choose correct alternatives from the given choices to fill the blanks 1 – 5 in the following passage.
The problem of deep-sea pollution can only be solved by international corporation
(1) the problem of pollution and coastal degradation of our own shoreline in our special problem which we must be conscious of and tackle by ourselves. Pollution only means dirt
(2) ‘matter in the wrong place.’Getting late or becoming ignorant about it all can be disastrous. There are types and degrees of pollution, but even a slight amount can affect natural and necessary function and movements we have seen that pollution near the coast and in astuaries and creeks affects the breeding of fish, thus reducing their numbers in the deep sea. But heavy pollution,
(3) that of Mahim Creek Mumbai also kills the coastal vegetation like mangroves which is responsible for holding the sand and run in place and consequently for the health of coastal areas. Costal and estuarine lands are often extremely fertile, the nutrients washed down in rivers often ‘pileup’ in
(4) flat marshy areas, making the soil reach
(5) the lagoons are the fish nurseries. Good vegetation cover is one way of dealing with polluted water in such areas, for the plants absorb must of the waste matters.
1. However / though / although / but
2. On the other hand / in other words / whereas / broadly speaking.
3. Mainly / similar to / such as / specially.
4. And/when/where/while.

Answer:
1. but,
2. in other hands
3. such as
4. many
5. while

Section – C
Suppose you are going to take some major decisions in your life now. You have to choose a career and make preparation of your future life. What will be your three important considerations while choosing a career ?’
List them below:
(i) ____________
(ii) ____________
(iii) ____________
Whatever career you choose, the following essay, ‘On the Education of Man of Business’ with its insightful observations can light up the path of your life.

On the Education of a Man of Business Summary in English

A man of business should be closely brought up in the habit of reasoning. The study of geometry is hardly better for him. Any university course of study designed for him makes his mind agile and gives a variety of information. This system will make him grow acquainted with many modes of thought with various classes of facts and will enable him to understand men better. His youth time may be well spent by the study of metaphysical nature. A breath and a tone may be given to a man’s mode of thinking. It will afterward be of signal use to him in the business of everyday life. Some works transit from the school to the world.

These are particularly needed in a system of educational studies remote from real life. Such works tend to give the students interest in common things about him which he has scarcely even been called upon to feel They display how imagination and philosophy can be woven into practical wisdom. However, our student is not intended to become a learned man, a man of business not a full man but a ready man He must be taught to arrange and express what he knows, for this purpose let him employ himself in making digests arranging and classifying materials, writing narratives and in deciding upon this conflicting evidence.

All these exercises require a method. A method is developed from rule beginnings. There is hardly any degree of toil for which he would not be compensated by such a result. The student of business should begin soon to cultivate fluency in writing. Fluency does not mean the flow of words, but a habit of expressing his thoughts with accuracy with brevity, and readiness. Moreover, in the style of the man of business, nothing is to be aimed at but plainness and precision.

A close repetition of the same word for the same thing need not be avoided. In literature, however, you are seldom brought to account for misleading people, but in business, you may soon be called upon to pay the penalty for having shunned the word which should exactly have expressed the meaning. A consummate man of business should be able to fix his attention on details and be ready to give every kind of argument a hearing.

This will not encumber him for he must have been practiced beforehand in the exercise of his intellect and there they remain in a shapeless heap, another possessed of method can arrange what he has collected, but such a man by the aid of principles goes further and bulbs with his materials. In feet, in addition to a stout heart, he should have the patient temperament and a vigorous but disciplined imagination and then he will plan boldly and with a large extent of view, execute calmly and not be a stretching act of his hand for things not yet within his grasp. He will let opportunities grow before his eyes until they are ripped to be seized.

He will think steadily over possible failure, in order to provide a remedy or a retreat, there will be the strength of repose about him. He must have a deep sense of responsibility. He must believe in the power and vitality of truth and in all he does or says, should be anxious to express as much truth as possible. His feelings of responsibility and love of truth will almost inevitably endow him with diligence accuracy and discreteness these commonplace required for a good man of business.

Analytical Outlines

• A man of business should be closely brought up in the habit or reasoning.
• He should study geometry.
• It is hardly better for him.
• The university course of study is designed for him.
• It makes his mind agile.
• It gives varieties of information.
• This system acquaints him with many mode of thought.
• It acquaints him with various classes of facts.
• It will enable him to understand men better.
• His youth time may be spent by the study of metaphysical nature.
• A breath and a tone may be given to a man’s mode of thinking.
• It will be a good signal for him.
• It will help him in the business of everyday life.
• Some works transit from the school to the world.
• These are actually needed in educational studies.
• These are remote from real life.
• Such works provide the students interest in common things.
• He has scarcely been called upon to feel these.
• They display how imagination and philosophy can be woven.
• They can be woven into practical wisdom.
• Out student is not intended to be a learned man.
• Neither is he intended to be a business man.
• Nor is he intended to be a foil man.
• But he is intended to be a ready man.
• He must be taught to arrange what he knows.
• He must be taught to express what he knows.
• We should let him to digest arranging of materials.
• We should let him to classify these materials.
• We should allow him to writing narratives.
• We should allow him to decide upon this conflicting evidence.
• All these exercises require method.
• Method is developed from rule beginnings.
• There is hardly and degree of toil for.
• He would not be compensated by such a result.
• The student of business should begin to cultivate a fluency in writing.
• Fluency does not mean flow of words.
• But it means a habit of expressing his thoughts.
• It must be with accuracy.
• It must be with brevity.
• It must be also with readiness.
• Nothing much is required for the style of man of business.
• But it requires plainness.
• Again it also requires precision.
• A close repetition of the same word of something should not be avoided.
• In literature, we seldom use it.
• We consider here as misleading the people.
• But is business we should not be shunned.
• Otherwise, we have to pay penalty for it.
• Because it must express the meaning exactly.
• A consummate man of business must fix his attention on details.
• He should be ready to give every kind of argument a hearing.
• This will not encumber him
• As he has practised it before hand.
• It is actually exercise of his intellect.
• He should be strong in principles.
• He can collect materials together.
• There they remain a shapeless heap.
• He can also arrange the collected material
• But still then, he will go further by the aid of principles.
• The principles he builds with his materials.
• In feet, he should be having a stout heart.
• Again, he should have patient temperament.
• It should be vigorous.
• But there should be disciplined imagination.
• So that he will plan boldly.
• He will plan with large extent of view.
• He will execute it calmly.
• He should not stretch out for his out of his grasp.
• He will let opportunities grow before his eyes.
• Until they are riped to be seized.
• He will think steadily over possible failure.
• So that, he can provide a remedy or a retreat for it.
• There will be the strength ofrepose about him.
• He must have a deep sense of responsibility.
• He must believe in the power and vitality of truth.
• All his doing should be anxious to express much truth.
• His feeling of responsibility and loved oftruth will endow with him diligence.
• It will endow him with accuracy.
• It will also endow him with discreteness.
• All these common things are required for a good man of business.

Meanings Of Difficult Words
agi – active, nimble
variety – diversity di&rence
information – instruction, intimation
Mode – type, kind
metaphysical – of the science of being and knowledge meta means beyond, physic means earth.
transit – change, pass from one to other
remote – separate, indirect
tend – to look after, to incline, to conduce
scarcely – hardly rarely, seldom
display – to exhibit, show
conflicting – ling, colliding
evidence – clearness, obviousness, testimony, proof; witness, indication
oil – hard struggle
compensate – to make amends for
cultivate – to till to produce, to devote attention to
fluency – volubility
accuracy – exactness, correctness
brevity – briefiiess, consciousness
consummate – to perfect, to accomplish, to relish
encumber – to imped the motion of to hamper
vigorous – energetic, of vital power

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Human Environment Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text C: Human Environment

Activity 13
(Self-check)

In this unit, you have gone through three texts. You were asked to name the first two texts. Check whether your titles were close to the original titles given below.
A. “Our Environment” from the book Environmental Science: Global concern by W.P. Cunningham and B.W. Saigo (1999) PP – 8 – 11.
“Impact of Global Wanning” by Arvind Gupta in Science Reporter, April 2001, pp24-26.
“Human Environment” by Indira Gandhi: An excerpt from a speech at the UN conference in Stockholm on June 14, 1972.

Activity 14
(Language Functions)

Unlike in Text A and Text B, in Text C you can find quite a few sentences with the first person subject,
I qt we. Why do you think there is such a difference?
What are the clues in Text C which suggest that it is an excerpt from a formal speech?

Activity – 15
Comprehension Oftexts

Question (a)
The title of Text – A is ‘Our Environment’. The title Text – C is ‘Human Environment’. Do the titles reflect different points of view? Explain.
Answer:
The two titles do not reflect different points of view. Both speak volumes about the environment and its pollution, but their approaches are different.

Question (b)
‘The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development but between environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth in the name of efficiency’.What message does the speaker convey through these words in Text – C?
Answer:
The speaker wants to say that man is at the root of defiling the environment. His sense of superiority over others and relentless impetus progress have caused these uncompromising ills.

Question (c)
‘No-ecological project can survive a war’. What does the speaker mean?
Answer:
The speaker means that war destroys everything on earth. It not only kills but maims and deforms the living and the yet-to-come. No ecological project can help wars not to be launched.

Question (d)
Read the last paragraphs of the three texts (A-C). Do you find any differences among their conclusions? Write a brief note on the differences.
Answer:
The concluding paragraphs of the three texts substantially bear no differences. They center around the thing – protection of the environment has become the crying need of the hour.

Activity -16
Complete the following table contrasting Text – C with Text- Aon the parameters suggested below:

Points of contrast	Text -A	Text – C
Writer purpose Writer’s point of view Views on population growth Mews on ecology

Answer:

Points of contrast Writer’s purpose	Text- A A marvelous planet environmental dilemma sign of hope	Text- C Critical analysis of various things
Writer’s point of view involved	Destruction of the environment makes us helpless. His suggestion for restoration	Many things are like a vicious circle, are too difficult to deal with
Views on population growth	A major cause of environmental pollution	Not the major cause only
Views on ecology	detailed analysis	In brief.

Activity -17
Cohesive Devices

What do the italicized words in the following sentences refer to in Text – C? The numbers in, brackets are paragraph numbers.
(i) We who are a part of nature and dependent on her for every need, speak………. (3)
(ii) It is decreasing in jungles……….. (3)
(iii) Thus we see that when it comes to the depletion of natural resources…….. (5)
(iv) This is no longer feasible nor will it be acceptable. (9)
(v) Will it remain confined to a narrow concern……? (12)

Answer:
(i) her – nature
(ii) it – wildlife
(iii) thus – this is how
(iv) this – withholding technology from ecology
(v) it – environment.

Activity – 18
Cohesive Devices

Choose the correct alternatives to complete the paragraph. European navigators had also learned that there were other problems besides hunger the thirst. (The navigators / they/ everyone) noticed that ships crews often because very sick (as / even / though / whereas) they were eating and drinking regularly, (although/ as / but) they did not understand why this happened. (However / infect/ nevertheless) the crews were suffering from a disease called scurvy caused by a lack of vitamin C. (At last / in the long run/ although) their gums became sore, their teeth fell out and many eventually.

Answer:
They noticed that ships crews often……….
even though they were eating and drinking……….
In feet, the crews were suffering………….
In the long run, their gums became sore…………

Activity -19
Given below are eight paragraphs on an appeal from the WorldWild Life Fund. The title of the passage is ‘Seve the Jungle – Save the World’. The appeal is given in eight sections. Ato H. Arrange the sections in the proper order to get the original passage.

(a) What are the burning reasons that drive men to destroy our monumental inheritance? Man seldom does anything for entirely rational reasons: usually, the less rational his ‘reasons, the more he defends them with short-term economic arguments. That is one of the modem lessons in ecology.

(b) We need the timber, we need the animals for food, pets, and of course for sport: continues the argument. Well, the forests have always been generous in their riches as far as they are able. They are not limitless. They are being exhausted at an ever-increasing speed and the habitats of innumerable other species of both flora and fauna and destroyed as a side effect.

(c) Many of you will know – because you have already contributed to our efforts – that the World Wild Life Fund is currently supporting more than 30 percent of conservation projects in various rainforest areas atone. The funds, ‘save the tiger appear for 4,00,000 raised to a magnificent 5,60,000, and governments responded not only by establishing reserves but also by controlling the trade in skins.

(d) We need the land for people runs the argument. Well, many people already inhabit the tropical forest belt. The native tribes have their own two impact lifestyle, hunting, trapping, and practicing a little cultivation. Perhaps not idyllic, it is nevertheless a lifestyle that does not endanger the forest ecosystem. We stress a little cultivation because, paradoxically, the forest soil is often infertile, and trees and green plants thrive on the comfort of their fallen foliage, which is rapidly broken down and recycled as nutrients. So when the jungle is cleared to plant crops, there is no means to put fertility back into the soil. Many governments spend much time resettling, people in deforested areas as part of so-called forward-looking development projects. But the crop yield is meager and brief. The soil soon makes its point. Erosion and flooding also tend to follow deforestation.

(f) Good husbandry- forest ecology, wisdom in planning less greed, and stupidity could keep man and the delicate rainforest relationship in balance indefinitely. This is our last great store host………… …our last wonderland. (g) Homo Faber, Man Builder has tragically always seen the jungles as something alien and environment to be vanquished, replaced with his own construction. In the past twenty years, the rate of pillage has increased alarmingly and huge tracts of verdant, beautiful forest- an irreplaceable treasure house of living things have given way often, to the wasteland. The evidence is that man will redouble his destructive efforts until the forest system is smashed and the jungle will function no more.

(h) Now we ask you to help us find our biggest ever international project: a two-year appeal to raise 1/2 million. The money will be used to sustain national parks and reserves within the tropical rainforest belt, in countries around the globe. Research, planning, manpower, and equipment all will be bought from the money you are able to give. If we cannot save the forests in their original state and the axe the bulldozer and the greater and lesser bureaucrat with his deadly pen have already seen to that- we must save enough to preserve them living burgeoning ecosystems the most remarkable on earth.

Answer:
1. (c) The so-called jungle of popular…………………….on earth.
2. (b) We need the timber…………………..as a side effect.
3. (f) Good husbandry…………………………last wonderland.
4. (d) We need the land…………….to follow deforestation.
5. (a) What are burning…………………….modem lessons in ecology.
6. (g) Homo Faber………………………….will function no more.
7. (c) Many of you………………….. trade in skins.
8. (b) Now we ask you………………. ….remarkable on earth.

Activity – 20
Brochure Writing

Read the following brochure on Chitika Lake.

Millions of intercontinental migrant birds, who go by natural instinct, fly great distances from places as for off Siberia, Mongolia, and South – Eastasia to their winter retreat in Chilka the largest brackish water lake in Asia. The placid blue lagoon, with a water-spread area of over one thousand square kilometers, is dotted with many picturesque islands and has the lofty mountains of the Eastern Ghats providing the ascetic backdrop.

This is the natural habitat of many species of flora and fauna including a number of rare endangered species like the Barakudia limbless skink The many fishing villages and sailing boats add local color and folklore lends a special flavor.
Dolphins provide the element of surprise.
And romance is in the air.
Be there and experience the real thing.

Extra Activity – 20(A)
Use the following expressions in the text – C in sentences of your own. Don’tcopyout the sentences from the text:

Kinship	look upon
star-strewn sky	sanitation
throughout	hankers after
righteousness	perseverance
synonymous	dedicated
assault	Heritage
arrogant	instantly
prevent from	diabolic
poaching	ecological project
deprived	hopeless desolation
contaminated	remain unaffected
eradicated	equitable
conservation	remain confined to
disposed of	disparities
discarded	brought about
side effects	findings
inadequacy

Answer:
Kinship: Man must develop a kinship with nature
Star-strewn sky: I enjoy sleeping under the star-strewn sky.
Throughout: There is a hue and cry throughout the country.
Righteousness: He is respected for his sense of righteousness.
Synonymous: Shankar’s name is synonymous with children’s art and literature.
Assault: The ruffian made a physical assault on the young man.
Arrogant: Nobody likes him for his arrogant behavior.

Prevent from: Children should be prevented from playing with fire.
Poaching: Preserving and poaching are the parallel human activities
Deprived: Everyone should be treated equally, no one should feel deprived
Contaminated: The river water is getting contaminated due to industrial sewage.
Eradicated: Poverty is very difficult to be eradicated
Conservation: Conservation of forests has become the crying need of the hour.
Concentrated on: He concentrated his mind on his studies.
Descended: The dirty and tom dresses should be discarded.
Side effects: This medicine produces no side effects.
Inadequacy: Inadequacy has a kinship with poverty.
Look upon: All citizens should be looked upon as equals
Sanitation: Sanitation is the prime concern of every city-dweller
Hankers after: He always hankers after money.
Perseverance: Perseverance is the main key to success.
Dedicated: The old man leads a dedicated life.

Heritage: We should be proud of our ancient heritage.
Instantly: You should instantly consult a doctor for your illness.
Diabolic: Guiltyambition and diabolic malice are his nature
Ecological project: An immediate ecological project should be made to fight pollution.
Hopeless desolation: The old man is living in hopeless desolation
Remain unaffected: His serene disposition remains unaffected by the noise.
Remain confined to A socialistic country that makes an equitable distribution of wealth
Equitable: Women should not remain confined to the four walls of the house.
Exclusive: Women have an exclusive right to sit over there
Disparities: Disparities in salary in the same capacity lead to less work.
Brought about: Information technology has brought about a tremendous revolution in the world.
Findings: There were no findings in his research.

Human Environment Summary in English

Progress should become synonymous with an assault on nature in most countries. The highest mountain in the world was claimed in 1953. Nehru objected to the phrase ‘Conquest of Everest”. Poverty and need are the greatest ‘polluters. The environment cannot be improved in conditions of poverty. Nor can poverty be eradicated without the use of science and technology. The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development but the between environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth in the name of efficiency.

However, industrial civilization has promoted the concept of efficient man. He whose entire energies are concentrated on producing more in a given unit of time and from a given unit of manpower. Pollution is not a technical problem. The fault lies not in science and technology but in the sense of values of the contemporary world which ignores the rights of others and is forgetful of the longer perspective. The environmental problem of developing countries are not the side effects of excessive industrialization but reflect the inadequacy of development. Warfare is the bane of mankind. It not only kills instantly but also maims and deforms the living and the yet-to-born.

This also poisons the land, making it barren and desolate. The environmental crisis will be after the destiny of our planet. No one amongst us, whatever our status or strength in the circumstance, can remain unaffected. Life is one and the world is one and everything is interrelated The population explosion, poverty, ignorance and diseases, the pollution of our surroundings, and the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and biological and chemical agents of destruction are all parts of a vicious circle. Modem man must bear to re-establish an unbroken link with nature and with life.

Analytical Outlines

• Asoka was the first only monarch to be kind towards animals.
•  They had forbidden the killing of animals for sports or food.
• progress has become synonymous with the assault on nature.
•  It is an established fact.
•  The highest mountain in the world was claimed in 1953.
• Nehru objected to the phrase ‘Conquest of Everest.
•  Poverty and need are the greatest polluters.
• The tribal people live in the forests.
• They kill the trees in the forests.
• Actually, they destroy the forest entirely.
•  They destroy it for food.
•  They also destroy it for livelihood
•  We should provide them with employment.
•  We should also develop their purchasing power.
•  So that we can stop deforestation
•  Maximum people live in villages.
•  Some even live in shunning areas.
•  They keep the oceans, rivers, and air clean.
•  They live in poverty.
•  Actually, the environment can’t improve poverty.
•  Even speaking with them regularly is not so easy.
•  We should try to eradicate poverty.
•  It can be done through the use of science.
•  It can be also done through the use of technology.
•  The inherent conflict is not between conservation and development.
• But it is between the environment and the reckless exploitation of man and earth.
• Of course, it is done in the name of efficiency.
•  Pollution is not a technical problem.
•  The fault does not lie in science and technology.
• But it lies in the sense of values in the contemporary world.
• The environmental problems of developing countries are not the side effects of excessive industrialization.
• It reflects the inadequacy of development.
•  We can have knowledge from the research and perseverance of dedicated people.
• That knowledge is likely to play an important role in shaping our future plans.
• Actually, we all want peace.
•  But modem warfare kills and deforms our living.
• Of course, the environmental crisis will profoundly change the future destiny of our planet.
• Life is one and the world is one.
• In feet, the vicious circle comprises so many things.
• These are population explosion and poverty.
•  These are also ignorance and disease, the pollution of our surroundings.
• Even some are the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and biological chemical agents of destruction.
•  The problem, of course, is related to modem man.
• Modem man must reestablish an unbroken link with nature and with life.
•  He must learn to recognize the energy of growing things.
• The ancient men were doing this.
•  Our devotion to the chanting of the Atharvaveda might help us to have a better environment.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text B: Impact of Global Warming

Activity -8
Vocabulary

Choose words from the passage that mean more or less the following:
(The number of the paragraphs in which the words occur are given in brackets)
(i) The quality of being easily hurt. (1)
(it) A generally accepted opinion among a group of people. (1)
(iii) Relating to the earth. (8)
(iv) Happening again and again. (9)
(v) The plants and animals naturally exist in the place. (13)

Answer:
(i) Vulnerability,
(ii) Consensus,
(iii) Terrestrial,
(iv) Recurrent,
(v) Ecosystem

Activity – 9
Comprehension.

On the basis, of our reading of the Text – B mentions whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false.

(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming.
(if) India has difficulty coping with climate change.
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming.
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons.
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago.
(vi) Polar ice- caps will become shorter due to global warming.

Answer:
(i) We have already experienced the beginning of global warming. (T)
(ii) India has difficulty coping with climate change. (T)
(iii) The water level in the Mediterranean will rise due to global warming. (F)
(iv) As a result of global warming India will have shorter rainy seasons. (T)
(v) We had global warming some millions of years ago. (T)
(vi) Polar ice caps will become shorter due to global warming. (T).

Activity -10
Comprehension

Answer the following questions, each in a sentence or two.
Question (i)
What effects of global warming do we experience now?
Answer:
Following global warming we are experiencing high-level temperatures, melting of snow, frequent floods and droughts, and their aftermaths.

Question (ii)
Experts say that in the future the boundaries of plant and animal habitats will shift northwards. Why do they think so?
Answer:
The northern part is comparatively cooler than the southern one which due to increased accumulation of temperature will not result in a level rise that will force the plant and animal habitat to shift northwards.

Question (iii)
Why do experts think that the poor will be more affected by global warming?
Answer:
It is because the rich and well-resourced people will be able to adapt to climate change whereas the poor will suffer the worst because they will have to be thrown out of industrial and agricultural setups.

Question (iv)
How will global warming affect India’s water resources?
Answer:
India will be visited by frequent floods and droughts due to erratic rains which result from global warming. Agriculture and industry will be badly affected by forest fires and tropical cyclones will be a regular feature.

Question (v)
What will be the effect of global winning in the polar regions?
Answer:
Permafrost thawing, reduction of sea ice, coastal erosion melting of ice sheets, global ocean circulation, and sea level rise will adversely affect the polar regions.

Activity – 11
Note -Making

While making notes from text – B, a student missed some words as given below:
Fill in the blanks to complete the note.
1……………………… (title)
A. Introduction:
(a)……………..
(b) IPCC
(c)………………
(d) apprehensions

B. Impact on………. and………… systems
(a) water
(i)…………….
(ii) Rainfall

(b)………….
(c) Ecosystems
(d)…………..
(e) Health Hazards
(f)…………..

C. Regional………………not uniform
(a)…………. and with low…………. capacity.
(b)…………. and…………. with high………….
(c) Southern ………… and ………….
(d)………….. regions.
(e) Islands

D. Conclusions:
(a) Validity……………… ed
(b)…………….. place of ……………..

Answer:
1. Global warming
A. Introduction:
(a) Opinionofthe scientist.
(b) IPCC
(c) Scientific consensus.
(d) apprehensions.

B. Impact on climate and ecosystems
(a) (i) floods and droughts.
(ii) Rainfall.
(b) Glaciers.
(c) Ecosystems.
(d) Economy.
(e) Regional diversity.

C. Regional impact: not uniform.
(a) Asia and Africa with low adaptive capacity.
(b) North America and Europe with high adaptive capacity
(c) Southern Europe and Northern
(d) Arctic regions.
(e) Islands

D. Conclusion:
(a) Validity IPCC Estimated
(b) Apocalypse in place of IPCC WG

Activity – 12
Comparing two Texts

Question (i)
How is Text -1 similar to Text – 2?
Answer:
Both texts are similar in the same way that cause danger to the atmosphere.

Question (ii)
How are they different from each other?
Answer:
They’re almost the same but with a little difference. They differ from each other in the feet in that the first pollute the air, whereas the second causes high temperatures.

Question (iii)
Text – 1 presents the environmental crisis in the second section, where does Text – 2 present such crises?
Answer:
Text two presents such crises in the first section.

Question (iv)
What are the author’s attitudes toward such crises?
Answer:
The author’s attitudes are to arouse awareness amongst people against the danger of pollution and global warming.

Question (v)
Which author is more pessimistic? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The author of the second text is more pessimistic. It is because the author of the first one is hopeful in regard to improvements and his counterpart in the second text warns of a grim future.

Extra Activity – 12(A)
Say what parts of speech the following are in Text – B

conclusion	interfere
global	contaminate
temperature	increase
natural	erosion
adaptability	accelerate
consensus	biological
predict	infectious
indications	expand
physical	heat
frequency	recurrent
survival	diagonal
closely	respiratory
dependent	insecurity
capabilities	malnutrition
economic	severe
environmental	extreme
poorly	commercial
considerably	phenomena
varied	industrial
decrease	catastrophic
currents.

Answer:

conclusion	noun
global	adjective
temperature	noun
natural	adjective
adaptability	noun
consensus	noun
predict	verb
indications	adjective
physical	adjective
frequency	noun
survival	noun
closely	adverb
dependent	adjective
capabilities	noun
economic	adjective
environmental	adjective
poorly	adverb
considerably	adverb
varied	adjective
decrease	verb
currents.	verb
interfere	verb
contaminate	verb
increase	verb
erosion	noun
accelerate	verb
biological	adjective
infectious	adjective
expand	verb
heat	adjective
recurrent	adjective
diarrheal	adjective
respiratory	adjective
insecurity	noun
malnutrition	noun
severe	adjective
extreme	adjective
commercial	adjective
phenomena	noun
industrial	adjective
catastrophic	adjective

Section – C

You have already read two texts on our environment, both of the written from the scientists, viewpoint. In this section, you are going to read excerpts from an address by a former Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi. Do you think, there is a difference in her approach to the environmental problem?

Impact of Global Warming Summary in English

A large number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise in the range of 1.4 to 5.80°C by 2100 in relation to 1990. Preliminary indications as to global warming show that changes in regional climate and extreme weather have already affected many physical and biological systems. Increased frequency of floods and droughts is another cause of global mean temperature. Shrinkage of glaciers, melting of ice sheets, lengthening of the growing season in mid to high altitudes northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries, early flowering trees, etc. are some examples of the effect of global warming. Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment. Economic sectors like industry, insurance, and financial services are also dependent upon environmental conditions. Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.

Impact On Natural and Human Systems:
The impact of global warming ranges from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems Every aspect of society will be affected. Global warming will bring about major changes in water distribution and water resources. Glaciers will shrink while smaller ones will disappear water stress in lower latitudes will increase. Higher evaporation due to higher temperatures will cause greater demand for water for irrigation purposes. Monsoons will be more intense causing greater flooding.

The change in precipitation will have an impact on local agriculture and vegetation. Freshwater fish will migrate poleward. The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed. It will carve a deep effect on the oceans. A decrease in sea ice cover, changes in water salinity, and alteration of ocean circulation currents can be expected. Flooding and land erosion will increase in the coastal areas. The severity of storms will increase. Human health will be in jeopardy.

Regional Impacts:
Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change will be more rapid in these areas. An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets. Global ocean circulation and sea level rise. Fishery and tourism, are the mainstay of the economics of small island states, and the livelihood of their population will be adversely affected. However, the regional impact will be variable, and so will the capacity of different societies to adopt.

Analytical Outlines

• The IPCC report suggests that global warming is already upon human civilization.
•  A large number of scientists have come to a conclusion.
•  The global mean temperature of the planet is likely to rise.
•  It will rise in the range of1 .4 to 5.8°C by 2100 in relation to 1990.
•  Preliminary indications of global warming show something.
• Changes in regional climate affect physical and biological systems.
• Changes in extreme weather also affect it.
• Increased frequency of floods and droughts is a cause of global mean temperature.
• The effects of global warming are many.
• One of them is the shrinkage of glaciers.
• Another is the melting of ice sheets.
•  Another effect is the lengthening of growing seasons in mid to high altitudes.
• Still, another is a northward shift of plant and animal habitat boundaries.
•  Still another effect of it is the early flowering of trees.
•  Human survival is closely linked to the health of the environment.
•  Economic sectors are also dependent upon environmental conditions.
• These sectors are industry, insurance, and financial services.
• Global warming would produce net economic losses in many developing countries.
• The impacts of global warming range from sea level rise to the destruction of ecological systems.
• Every aspect of society will be affected.
• It will bring about major changes in water distribution.
•  It will also bring about maximum changes in water resources.
•  Actually, glaciers will shrink.
• The smaller glacier will disappear.
•  This will increase water stress in lower latitudes.
• Higher temperature causes higher evaporation.
•  It will cause greater demand for water.
• This demand for water is for irrigation purposes.
• Monsoons will be more intense.
•  It will cause greater flooding.
•  The change in precipitation with impact on local agriculture.
• It will also impact vegetation.
• Freshwater fish will migrate poleward.
• The habitat for cold and cool water fish will be destroyed.
•  It will carve a deep effect on the oceans.
•  We expect from it decreases in sea ice cover.
• We expect changes in water salinity.
•  We expect an alternation of ocean circulation currents.
•  Flooding will increase in the coastal areas.
•  Land erosion will increase in the coastal areas.
•  The severity of storms will increase.
•  Human health will be in jeopardy.
•  Polar regions are highly vulnerable to climate change.
•  It will be more rapid in these areas.
•  An increase in temperature will cause an irreversible impact on ice sheets.
•  Rainfall patterns will change to a great extent.
•  It will cause greater flooding.
•  More rainfall will take place in shorter periods.
•  Human health will be endangered in many ways.
• Diseases like malaria and dengue will be common.
• Vector-borne infectious diseases will increase.
•  Flood-borne infectious diseases will also increase.
•  It will also increase water-borne infectious diseases.
• Socio-economic impacts will be served.
• Extreme weather will lead to human migration.
•  Industrial transportation will be hindered by floods.
• Commercial infrastructure will also be hindered.
•  The impact of climate change will cause regional problems.
• Fishery and tourism of small island states will be affected.
•  It will adversely affect the population.
•  The regional impact will be variable.
•  So will the capacities of different societies to adopt.
•  It will lead to a greater deluge if the right measures are not taken.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

glacier – A slow-moving large mass of ice
atolls – Islands made of corals and shaped like rings with saltwater lakes in the middle.
permafrost thawing – melting of snow on land which is a permanent change in the civilization
apocalyptic – a serious event that brings destruction and change in the civilization.
prediction – something which can make you see the future.
impact – influence, effect engraved upon something.
Assesses – estimates, determine the value of something.
adaptability – the cooperating and adjusting impulse of people.
vulnerability – that which is easily attacked.
consensus – agreement, holding a uniform opinion.
black – dark, grim, uncertain, dangerous.
extreme weather – weather that is either very hot or very cold.
shrinkage of glaciers – glaciers or ice sheets becoming smaller and smaller through the melting of ice owing to increasing temperature.
considerable – to a great extent or degree.
intense – severe, concentrated, harsh.
precipitation – the amount of rainfall in a particular area.
vegetation – plant kingdom on the earth.
migrate poleward – more forward in the direction of the poles.
habitat – a shelter for the animal’s
salinity – salty level in the seawater.
alternation – change, metamorphosis
marine – relating to sea and ships
erosion-corrosion, wiping away of soil
accelerate – quicken, increase, expedite
contaminate – pollute, release dirty things into something respiratory diseases, occurring in the respiratory tract lungs, heart, etc.
aggravate – increase the gravity of something.
thermal expansion – expansion of heat.
mainstay – the pivotal force on which other things rest.
adversely affected – worst affected, greatly suffered.
variable – changeable, changes according to the changing situation.
Emission – gases coming out of something through a process (e.g. smoke gas etc)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Our Environment Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Our Environment

Section -A

Activity -1
Skimming

Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Answer:
Environment: It’s Pollution And Restoration

Activity – 2
Vocabulary

Find out from Text – Awards which more or less means the following paragraph numbers have been given in brackets:
of a large amount (2)
producing a large number of something (2)
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options (2)
Mysteriouslyinteresting (3)
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually(6)
Sudden and destructive (8)
Relationship between all plants, animals, weather conditions, and geological features of an area (8)
Sad and without hope (12)

Answer:
Of a large amount – beautiful.
Producing a large number or amount of something – plentiful.
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options prolific and hospital world that is unique in the universe.
Mysteriously interesting – intriguing
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually – erosion
Sudden and destructive – catastrophic
Relationship between all plants, weather-ecosystems
Sad and without hope – dismal.

Extra Activity
Find words in the Text – A which derive from the following words:

Imagination	severe
beauty	erode
host	deplete
Universal	poor
regeneration	contaminate
spontaneity	industry
complicate	pollute
sufficiency

Answer:

Imagine	severity
beautiful	erosion
hospitable	depletion
universe	poverty
regenerate	contamination
spontaneous	industrial
complications	pollution
sufficient

Activity – 3
Comprehension
On the basis of your reading, say whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of the statement.
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable.
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth.
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia.
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels.
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago.

Answer:
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable. (T)
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth. (T)
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia. (F)
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels. (T)
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago. (T)

Activity -4
Comprehension
Answer the following questions, each with a sequence or two with reference to the passage.

Question (i)
Why is the world considered bountiful?
Answer:
The world is considered bountiful because it laps plenty of animals, birds, tiny living organisms, plants, human beings, aquatic creatures, and many other things. It is a planet where life is possible it looks beautiful with natural objects.

Question (ii)
Why is the effect of population growth harsher on developing countries?
Answer:
Developing countries suffer a serious setback owing to the population with affection development. The existing sustenance is sufficient for the growing population. Scarcity becomes a regular feature that ultimately leads to poverty. Development gets handicapped owing to population growth.

Question (iii)
What is food security dependent on?
Answer:
Food security is dependent on poverty, democracy, and equitable distribution. suggestion for improvement only. The introduction of the first section tells about the feet that the earth was the most beautiful and the most suitable place to live in. This would make the reader know how human activities are responsible for the destruction of the beautiful earth.

Activity -6
Grammar
In the text, Awe have come across phrases like

Life – support system
Zero-population growth
Fossil- fuel consumption
Pollution control measures etc.
In which the last line of the phrase is modified by other nouns going before it.
They may be expanded into the ‘system that supports life’ the rate of growth of population as zero etc.
Now, expand the noun phrases underlined in the following sentences and rewrite the sentences.

I shall meet you at the car park.
The building materials industry is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the kitchen cupboard.
He lived a hand-to-mouth existence.
The publication department brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Answer:
I shall meet you where the car park.
The industry that makes building materials is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the cupboard in the kitchen.
He lived an existence that provides just had to mouth.
The department publications brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Activity – 7
Grammar

Sometimes verb + ing works as adjectives. Earth-moving activities, towering trees, self-sustaining communities, and pressing problems are such examples. Even past participle forms (en) of verbs work as adjectives, such as a broken doll, the bored children, etc.

Rewrite the following sentences using a participle (-ignore forms):
The town where I grew up made steel
(a steel-making town)
We hired builders based in Kolkata.
The main road that was lined with trees looked majestic.
His performance at the national games broke a number of records.
The dispute had been going on for a long time.
Answer:
We hired Kolkata-based builders.
The main road that was lined with trees was majestic looking.
It was a record-breaking performance of his at the national games.
It was a long-standing dispute.

Extra Activity – 7(A)
Fill in the blanks with the correct proposition from Text- A

Question 1.
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning_______ the earth ________ a long trip_______ the moon or Mars.
Answer:
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to the earth after a long trip to the moon or Mars.

Question 2.
Compared_______ the conditions________ the other plannets_________ our solar system temperatures ________ the earth are mild and relatively constant.
Answer:
Compared to the conditions on the other planets in our solar system, temperatures on the earth are mild and relatively constant.

Question 3.
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar __________ many places and may increase _________ frequency and severity if population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue ___________ the same rate in the feature as they have________ the past.
Answer:
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar in many places and may increase in frequency and severity f population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continues at the same rate in the future as they have in the past.

Question 4.
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access ________ clean water or adequate sanitation.
Answer:
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation.

Question 5.
We produce hundreds_________ millions _________ tons_______ these dangerous materials annually and much ________ it is disposed ______ ______ dangerous and irresponsible ways.
Answer:
We produce hundreds of millions of tons of these dangerous materials annually and much of it is disposed of in dangerous and irresponsible ways.

Question 6.
The incidence_______ life-threatening infections and diseases have been reduced sharply in most countries ________ in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.
Answer:
The incidence of life-threatening infections and diseases has been reduced sharply in most countries during in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.

Section – B

Do you think you felt warmer this summer than last year? What are the possible causes of the progressive increase in temperature during the last few years?

Our Environment Summary in English

We are, at present confronting a lot of environmental problems. Before examining the environmental crisis, a slight analysis of the one we inherited should be made. Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to earth from the Mood of Mars and it would lie a nice experience to have come back to this planet from outer space. Although we are facing certain problems here, we are living unique place quite prolific and profitable. The most astonishing of our planet is the rich diversity of life that exists here. Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth and help sustain a habitable environment. Organisms like viruses, bacteria, and other tiny forms make-up self-sustaining communities. Dense, moist forests, vast sunny, savannas, and richly colorful coral reefs are here.

Environmental Dilemma:
One of the major environmental dilemmas is the rapid growth of the population. Demographers believe that this unprecedented growth rate will slow in the next century and that the population might eventually drop back below its present size. Others warn that the population will quadruple in a century after its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate. Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity if population growth soil erosion and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate. The deficit in and contamination of water is another threat. Violent conflicts over control of natural resources may increase if we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.

Supplies of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas are diminishing at an early rate. Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and may bring about sea level rises and catastrophic climate change. Acids formed in the air as a result of fossil fuel combustion already have caused extensive damage to building materials. Chlorinated compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration and air-conditioning, also contribute to global warming as well as damage the Stratospheric ozone that protects us from cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Destruction of tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands, and other biologically rich landscapes is causing alarming loss of species and a reduction in biological variety.

Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. The health effects of pollution, toxic, wastes, stress, and other environmental ill-of-modem society have become a greater threat than infectious diseases for us in industrialized countries.

Sign Of Hope:
Steps have already been initiated in North America and Europe in reducing air and water pollution. Population in some countries has stabilized. The incidence ofKfe threatening diseases has been reduced sharply increasing life expectancy. In spite of all this much more is to be done for finding a viable solution to the problems. Being aware of the problems we face is the first step towards finding their situations.

Analytical Outlines

• Now a days, we face a lot of environmental problems.
•  We should at first, have a slight analysis of our earth.
• Then we have to analyze the environmental crisis.
•  Imagine yourself as an astronaut.
•  You have just returned to earth from the Moon or Mars.
•  It would be a nice experience.
•  Although we are feeling certain problems here.
•  Of course, our earth is unique.
•  It is quite prolific and profitable to live here.
•  We find the most astonishing feature of our planet.
•  It is the rich diversity, of life that exists here.
•  Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth.
•  It helps to sustain a habitable environment.
• The tiny forms make up self-sustaining communities.
• These organisms are viruses, bacteria, etc.
•  Our planet has also dense, moist forests.
• It has also vast sunny savannas and richly colorful coral reefs.
• One of the major environmental dilemmas is rapid growthofpopulatioa
• Demographers believe in something.
• They believe in unprecedented growth rates.
•  It will slow down in the next century.
• The population might eventually drop back below its present size.
•  Others warn about something.
• The population will quadruple a century after.
•  Its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate.
• Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity.
• If population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate.
•  The deficit in water is another threat.
• Contamination of water is the other one.
•  It may increase violent conflicts over control of natural resources.
•  If we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.
• The supply of fossil fuels is decreasing at every rate.
• These fuels are oil, coal and natural gas, etc.
• Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide.
•  It may bring about a rise in the sea level
• It also causes catastrophic climate changes.
•  Fossil fuel combustion forms acids.
•  It already has caused extensive damage to building materials.
• Chlorinated compounds are chloroform carbons.
•  These are used in refrigeration.
• These are also used in air-conditioning.
• These contribute to global warming.
•  It also damages the stratospheric ozone.
•  This ozone protects us from cancer.
•  Because it causes ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
•  Earth is full of biologically rich landscapes.
• These are tropical forests, coral reefs wetlands, etc.
•  It causes an alarming loss of species.
• It also causes a reduction in biological variety.
•  In industrialized countries the problem is many.
•  One problem is toxic air.
•  Another one is water pollution.
•  Even other hazardous wastes.
•  These are becoming overwhelming problems in modem society.
• The environment causes infectious diseases.
•  Steps have already been initiated in North America.
•  Europe is reducing air and water pollution.
• Population in some countries has been stabilized.
•  The incidence of life-threatening diseases has been reduced.
•  It sharply increases life expectancy.
•  Much more steps are taken to viable solutions to the problems.
•  Being aware of the problems is the first step towards finding their solutions.

Meaning Of Difficult Words.

inherited – obtained as a right from the predecessors.
desolate – isolated, lonely, uninherited.
unique – sole, second to none, the kind of thing which has no substitute.
regenerated – produced, created, resulted, etc.
spontaneously – automatically, naturally, moving on its own without any external impulse.
amazing – surprising, astonishing, astounding, wonderful.
diversity – different kinds of variety of many kinds.
savannas – flat and vast expense of grassy land in Africa.
heat absorbing – gases that absorb and soak heat.
global warming – warming or heating of the universe.
catastrophic climate – a climate that causes disaster.
fuel combustion – burning of fuel that gives heat and energy that propels engines.
ecosystem – environmental setup shortened from the ecological system.
stratospheric – stratosphere of the atmosphere. The atmosphere has four layers, 1 – Biosphere, 2 – Toposphere, 3 – Stratosphere, and 4 Ionosphere.

reefs – lines of rocks, sand, or corals just above or below the sea surface.
abundance – plentitude, a lot of affluence.
aesthetic – appreciation of beauty, art, and literature.
ethical – moral, valuable ideas.
survival – existence, living, sustenance
hazardous – dangerous, something, causes danger.
noxious – very harmful, dangerous, repulsive
dumped – heaped, piled, put together
impose – the point at which further development is impossible.
paramount – the most powerful, pivotal, principal
litany – a long list of unpleasant things
stabilized – make stable and static, not to continue
infectious – diseases that spread through infection.
regardless of – with regard or respect to nothing.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text C: Some Differences Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 1 Text C: Some Differences

Activity -11

Scanning:
Which of the following aspects have not been discussed in the text?

Blood style	Energy reserve capacity
Blood production	Startup energy capacity
Shape of bones	Capacity for exercise
Size of bones	Need for oxygen
Arrangement of bones	Rate of breathing
Thickness of skin	Amount of Oxygen- intake
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Fat layer under skin	Ageing rate
Muscle – Fat ratio	Amount of muscles

Answers:

Blood type	Need for oxygen
Blood production	Rate of breathing
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Amount of muscles	Ageing

Activity -12

Comprehension:
On the basis of your reading of the passage, mention whether the following statements are true or false. Put (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of each statement.

(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men.
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women.
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing.
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women.
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men.
(vi) Menare cooler in summer.
(vii) Men have more muscle than women.
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight.
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women.
(x) Man grow weaker at a foster rate as they grow.

Answers:
(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men. (T)
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women. (T)
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing. (T)
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women. (F)
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men. (T)
(vi) Menare cooler in summer. (F)
(vi) Men have more muscle than women. (T)
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight. (F)
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women (F)
(x) Man grow weaker at a faster rate as they grow. (T)

Activity – 13

Vocabulary:
Match each work or expression in italics in column with in meaning in column B.

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) Put a leg forward to walk
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) difficult
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) frightening
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) protect
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) movement from side to side

Answers:

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) difficult
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) Put a leg forward to walk
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) movement fromside to side
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) frightening
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) protect

Activity -14

Cause-And-Effect Sequence:
Men have longer bones, narrow pelvis and their bones are arranged differently. So the result is that they walk with astride and climbed stairs more quickly. Similarly, find out from the text the causes that result in the following effects.
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
(ii) Men have greater strength.
(iii) Menare less intelligent
(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.

Answers:
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
Answer:
The higher proportion of muscles to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight.

(ii) Men have greater strength.
Answer:
In fact, men have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty- one percent of men’s body is muscle compared to thirty- five percent for women, it means that men have more music power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight.

(iii) Men are less intelligent.
Answer:
Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in r their bodies have the lowest scores on their intelligence tests and that boys score more than girls.

(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women.

(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.
Answer:
For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat fucked away in women’s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercised exceeds the male capacity.

Activity – 15

Inferring:
You can infer information that is not stated clearly in a text by making a logical guess either from what is on the text, or what you know about the world or both.
(i) What happens during surgery that makes it riskier for men?
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. As men breathe deeply they inhale more pollutants that complicates surgery.

(ii) Whose knees are more likely to be hurt by the same activities men’s or women’s?
Answer:
Women’s knees are more likely to the hurt by the same activity.

(iii) Name one part of the body where bad goes when it’s breathed in?
Answer:
Lead goes to brain through blood causing less intelligence.

(iv) Name one advantage a man would have and one advantage a women would have in a hot, sunny country?
Answer:
Men in sunny countries wrinkle less than women do women, stay cooler in summer.

(v) If a man and woman weighed the same at the age of 20, who would be strong at the age of 60?
Answer:
A woman would be stronger at the age of 60.

Extra Activity – 15(A)

Use the following words in sentences of your own first as nouns and then as verbs.

risk	wrinkle
draw	coat
exhaust	help
lead	skin
score	start
whistle	result

Answers:
risk: (N)Mountaineering is full of risk.
(V) You should not risk your life driving in such hilly area.

draw: (N)The match came to draw.
(V)Draw the picture now.

exhaust: (N)Automobile exhausts pollute the air.
(V)The stock has been exhausted by repeated use.

lead: (N)Lead damages red blood cells.
(V)He can lead the team better.

score: (N)He has less score in mathematics.
(V)He has scored very high in English.

whistle: (N)The traffic police use whistle.
(V)The traffic police whistle to direct the way.

result: (N)The result of the examination has been declared.
(V) The strike resulted in failure.

Sun: (N)The sun is the source of energy.
(V)She sunned the rice for an hour.

wrinkle: (N)Wrinkles appear in old age.
(V) Men wrinkle quicker than women do.

coat: (N)He has won a black coat.
(V)The wires were coated with colour.

help: (N)I can do it without anybody’s help.
(V)He helps me in need.

skin: (N)We should take proper care of our skin.
(V)Skin of the vegetables.

start: (N)The cricket match has a good start.
(V)He started his journey in time.

Some Differences Summary in English

Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can which makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. Men breathe more deeply which exposes them to more risk. When the air gets polluted they inhale more of the pollutants into their lungs. Amore recent and chilling findings in the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children’s intelligence. The exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lowest scores on intelligent tests and that boys score lower than girls.

It is possible that these low-scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male. Men’s bones are larger than women’s and are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistels is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and narrower pelvis, women are designed for child bearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and way as the walks. If a man is thought to be brave because he climbs a ladder to clear out the roof gutters, don’t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman.

The angle which a woman’s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her. However, a man’s skin is thicker than a woman’s and not nearly as soft. The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible for coat to keep a woman warmer in winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Men’s fat is distributed differently. They do not have that layer of it underneath their skin.

In feet men have less fat than women and more less mass 41% of a man’s muscle is compared to 35% for women which means that men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight. For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat tucked away in women’s nooks and carries provides a rich energy reserve that men look. In exercises, men and women are also different

Analytical Outlines:

• Men can’t manufacture blood like women.
• Women can do it efficiently.
• For this reason, surgery becomes riskier for men.
• Men also need more oxygen.
• Because they do not breathe more than women.
• Men breathe more deeply than women.
• Actually, it exposes more risk.
• Often, air gets polluted.
• So men inhale more of the pollutants.
• It goes directly to their lungs.
• A survey has been made recently.
• The effect of automobile and truck fumes are considered.
• It is found that those exhaust children’s intelligence.
• These fumes are caused by led pollution in cities.
• The researchers have found something important.
• They take children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies.
• They have the lowest scores on intelligence tests.
• These boys score lower than girls.
• This lower- score is due to deeper breathing.
• It is typical in Case of men.
• Men’s bones are larger than women’s.
• They are arranged differently.
• The feminine walk evokes so many whistles.
• It happens due to bone structure
• Men have broader shoulders.
• They have also narrower pelvis.
• The change in women is for child bearing forces.
• For this reason, they show more movement into each step.
• She shows a bit of jiggle.
• Man is considered brave.
• Because, he climbs a ladder.
• He does this to clear out the roof gutters.
• He realises that it is easier for him than woman.
• This is not possible in case of woman.
• The angle of woman’s thigh joining to her knees is different.
• The angle makes climbing awkward for her.
• Aman’s skin is thicker than a woman’s.
• It is not nearly soft.
• The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through.
• Due to this, men wrinkle less than women.
• Women have a thin layer of fat.
• It is present just under the skin.
• There is a plus to this greater fat reserve.
• It acts as an invisible coat for women
• It makes them warmer in winter.
• Women also stay cooler in summer.
• Man’s fat as distributed differently.
• They do not have less feet than women.
• In fact, men have less feet than women.
• They have more lean mass.
• 41% of men’s muscle is compared to 35% for women.
• It indicates that men have more muscle power.
• Then strength of both is compared.
• Almost 90 percent of women’s weight is strength.
• Whereas it is 50% in case of women.
• Mendo not have the muscular energy reserve.
• But women reserve this energy.
• They have more start up energy.
• Women are provided a rich energy reserve.
• But men lack of it.
• Men and women are also different in exercises.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
manufacture- produce, make, create
efficiently- effectively, competently
surgery- treatment of injury
breathe- respire
pollute- to be foul, to profane
inhale- breathe in, take in
exhaust- produce, emit
fumes- smokes, vapours
evoke- to call out
pelvis- lower abdominal cavity
stride- step, to get over
display- show, exhibit
jiggle- up and down in movement
ladder- thing with steps in order to go up and down, a means of going up
awkward- clumsy, ungraceful difficult
radiation- transmission of rays

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Unit 3 Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’

Activity-1
Comprehension
Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:

Question (a)
The writer talks of two kinds of resume in the first paragraph, which of them does he think more useful and why?
Answer:
The two resumes mentioned in the first paragraph are ‘tombstone’ and ‘functional’. The‘functional’happens to be more preferable to the tombstone.

Question (b)
Why does the writer advise the job seekers never to be apologetic in a resume?
Answer:
The writer advises the job seekers never to apologize because it is the hardest job of all. It creates a negative impression.

Question (c)
Who are the intended audience for this article? How do you know this?
Answer:
The intended audience for this article are job seekers of any shade and variety. The personal pronoun ‘you’ makes it explicit.

Question (d)
What does the writer want to done between the preparation of the first draft of the } resume and its despatch to the prospective employer?
Answer:
Clustering accomplishments like leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills, sending it a printer because a printed resume is superior to photocopies are to be done between the first draft of the resume and its despatch to the prospective employer.

Activity-2
(Guessing The Meaning Of)

Choose the best answer:

Question (a)
One type of resume is called a ‘tombstone’ (Para -1) because:
(i) It lists what you have done in the post rather than what you can do in the future.
(ii) It lists your achievements in chronological order.
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.
Answer:
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.

Question (b)
‘Quick’in para 2 means:
(i) fast
(ii) efficient
(iii) alive
Answer:
(iii) alive

Question (c)
Took your own horn! (para – 6) means:
(i) don’t be modest
(ii) boast about your achievements
(iii) tell the employer what you have done in the past.
Answer:
(ii) boast about your achievements

Question (d)
When people clutch when asked to…. ? (para – 6) means:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.
(ii) many people panic.
(iii) many people hold into their old jobs when asked to leave.
Answer:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.

Question (e)
‘How to psych yourself up ’ (para – 9) means:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.
(ii) How to write your resume most enthusiastically.
(iii) How to prepare yourself mentally before writing your resume.
Answer:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.

Activity-3
Cohesive Devices

Say what the italicized words refer to in the passage.
(a) “Everyone does” __________ (para 6)
(b) ‘Oneofyours’ ____________ (para 6)
(c) ____________ about what it all means (para 9)
(d) ‘It shows an employer’ ____________ (para 9) ‘
Answer:
(i) does – clutch
(ii) yours – abilities
(iii) it – accomplishment
(iv) it- listing of accomplishments in the final resume.

Activity-4

Look at the following note, made by someone to repairing a resume. Decide which points should be included in the final vision.

• A job as Manager (Research and Development)
• Joined M. A. (Economics) in Delhi University
• Left after the first year because of father’s death.
• Studied Business Adm. at Indira Gandhi National Open University.
• Specialised in business application of computers.
• Not sure that I’d be good at doing!
• Have been without a job for three months.
• Can play violin.
• Chairperson of the parents Association of my son’s school.
• Helped friends to learn computers.
• Worked for three years as a sales representative for a computer film.
• Hated the hardware selling job.
• Get boarded quickly.
• Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
• Like working in a team.
• Can inspire young people to complete a task on time.
• Teach Economics to a group of 20 poor students of the local colleges without fees.
• 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Now group the points you have chosen under the following heading:

• Vocational objectives
• Man management skills.
• Competition and team skills.
• Management skills
• Summary of background and the others.

Answer:
Vocational objectives:
(a) Specialised in the business application of computers.
(b) Helped a friend to learn computers.
(c) A job is manager (Research and Development)

VLAN management skills:
(a) Chairperson of the Parents Association of my sons’ school
(b) Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
(c) Can inspire young people to complete a task in time.

Competition and team skills:
(i) Like working in a team

Management skills:
(a) Worked for 3 years as a sales representative for a computer firm

Summary of backgrounds and the others:
(a) Joined M.A (Economics) in Delhi University.
(b) Left after the first year because of father’s death.
(c) Not sure what I’d be good at doing!
(d) Have been without a job for three months.
(e) Can pay for violin.
(f) Hated the hardware selling job.
(g) Get bored quickly.
(h) 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Extra Activity – 4(A)

Give the derivatives of the following words in the Text – A

purpose	characterize
convince	accomplishments
employer	Skill
interview	world
familiar	people
quick	specific
writing	brief
functional	new
resume	education
important	necessarily
translating

Answer:

Words	Derivatives
purpose	Purposeful, purposive, purposefully
convince	conviction, convincing, convincingly
employer	employee, employment, employed
interview	interviewer, interviewee
familiar	familiarity, familiarise, familiarly
quick	quicken, quickly
writing	write, written
functional	functionalised, function, defunct, malfunctioned
resume	resumption, resuniptive
important	importance, importantly
translating	translate, translation
characterize	character, characteristic
accomplishments	accomplish, accomplished
Skill	skillful, skilled, unskilled, skillfulness
world	worldly, world-wide
people	popular, popularise, population, populate
specific	specifically, specify, specification
brief	briefly, briefness, brevity
new	newly, a new, newness
education	educational, educated, educationally, educationist, educate
necessarily	necessary, necessity, necessitate
identity	Identification, identity

Extra Activity – 4(B)

(i) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
drop in,
as well as,
of all shades and variety,
in particular,
have a good look at
Answer:
drop in – My friend occasionally drops in at my residence,
as well as – I as well as any friend can attend the meeting.
of all shades and variety – Sachin Tendulkar tormented the bowlers of all shades and variety.
in particular – I relish tea, in particular Tata Tea.
have a good look at – A good batsman should have a good at the pitch, before batting.

(ii)Derive adjectives from the following nouns:

Legend	comfort
pride	modesty
explosiveness	temperament
critic	nightmare

Answer:

Legend	:	legendary
pride	:	proud
explosiveness	:	explosive
critic	:	critical
comfort	:	comfortable
modesty	:	modest
temperament	:	temperamental
nightmare	:	nightmarish

(iii)Derive nouns from the following verbs:

reverse	encourage
achieve	admit
behave	react
endorse	expect
reflect	succeed

Answer:

reverse	:	reverence
achieve	:	achievement
behave	:	behavior
endorse	:	endorsement
reflect	:	admission
react	:	reaction
expect	:	expectation
succeed	:	success

(iv) Derive adjectives form the following nouns:

quintessence	passion
regret	culture
example	benefit
privacy	importance
pride	modesty

Answer:

Noun		Adjectives
quintessence	:	quiertessential
regret	:	regretful
example	:	exemplary
privacy	:	private
pride	:	proud
passion	:	passionate
culture	:	cultural
benefit	:	beneficial
importance	:	important
modesty	:	modest

(v) Derive verbs from the following nouns:
proposal
operator
introduction
requirement
provision
emission
advice
suspension

Answer:

Nouns	Verb forms
proposal	propose
operator	operate
introduction	introduce
requirement	require
provision	provide
emission	emit
advice	advise
suspension	suspend

(E)(i) Give the antonyms of the following words:

opening	reject
earlier	significant
indoor	success
cause	present
foul	before

Answer:

Words	Antonyms
opening	closing
earlier	later
indoor	outdoor
cause	effect
foul	fair
significant	insignificant
reject	accept
success	Mure
present	absent
before	after

(ii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each.
1. the system by which something can be measured.
2 Any substance that causes pollution.
3. Make people angiy.
4. Public warning to make people careful.
5. A group of people joining together to influence someone in power:

Answer:
1. index
2. pollutant
3. gall
4. alert
5. lobby

(iii) Insert articles, wherever, necessary, in the following sentences:
1. After college career, I shall join university.
2. Mr. Ahuja is Indian, his wife is European.
3. Business of thinking new thoughts is sign of civilization.
4. Japanese are industrious nation.
5. Democracy consists in giving people, things they want.
6. Freedom is spiritual quality.
7. Going abroad is unique opportunity.
8. Ganges is holiest among Indian rivers.
9. We had better have new look at whole problem.
10. He has read Upanishads.

Answer
1. ___________ a university
2. _________ an Indian __________ a European.
3. The business ___________ a sing __________.
4. The Japanese are an industrious nation.
5. __________the things __________.
6. ___________ a spiritual quality.
7. _________ a unique opportunity
8. Ganges is the holiest _________.
9. _________ a new look at the __________.
10. ___________ the Upanishads.

(iv) Derive nouns from the following verbs:

die	solve
enforce	emit
regulate	appear
exist	reduce
maintain	pollute

Answer:

Verbs	Noun Forms
die	death
enforce	enforcement
regulate	regulation
exist	existence
maintain	maintenance
solve	solution
enforce	emission
appear	appearance
reduce	reduction
pollute	pollution

(v)Match the words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column ‘B’

‘A’	‘B’
rising	easy
increase	rural
warm	harmless
urban	falling
offenders	cool
difficult	decrease
reduce	irregular
major	enhance
regular	defenders
harmful	minor

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
rising	falling
increase	decrease
warm	cool
urban	rural
offenders	defenders
difficult	easy
reduce	enhance
major	minor
regular	irregular
harmful	harmless

What Does This Unit Contain?
In this unit you will have further practice in skimming and scanning as reading subskills. You will also have practice in referring and is assessing the communicative value of a Text.
The unit comprises the following sections:
(A) How to write a wining resume-Dick Irish
(B) Advertisement samples (From newspapers and magazines)
(C) On the education ofa man of business – Sir Arthur helps

Section-(A)

Imagine that you are the owner of a small factory producing garments. You have to select and engage five employees in your factory. What are the most important qualities that you would like your employees to possess. Next, suppose you have received more than twenty applications in response to your advertisement for five jobs and you can interview .only ten candidates, how are you going to short-list the ten candidates on the basis of their job applications (also called resumes). While reading Text – A, your focus should be on getting tips on how to select these ten interviewees.

How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Summary in English

The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar ‘tombstone’ that lists where you went to school and where you have worked in the chronological order. The other is what is called the ‘functional’ resume – descriptive, fon to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you and interview. It is handy to have a ‘tombstone ’ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested ‘tombstone’ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

Put Yourself First:
While writing a resume, you have to feel yourself important. ‘Sell what you can do, not who you are’ practice translating your personality traits, character accomplishment and achievements into still areas in the world of work.

Took Your Own Horn:
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all

Be specific, be concrete and be brief:
Turn bad news into good:
If you to mention your disappointment in work look for the positive side.

Never Apologize:
If you are returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parents, simply write a short paragraph in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at a being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have not special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.

How to Psych yourself up:
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off not necessarily consecutive and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Study the list and try to spot patterns. While studying your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skill etc.). Try to list atleast three accomplishments under the same skills heading. You may take your drafts or more and several weeks, before you are already to show it to a stranger for a reaction. When you are satisfied, send it to a printer, a printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Analytical Outlines

• The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer.
• He is convinced to grant you an interview.
• There are two kinds.
• One is the familiar‘tombstone’.
• It can list where you went to school.
• It can also list where you have worked in the chronological order.
• The other is ‘functional’ resume.
• It is descriptive.
• It is‘fun to read’.
• It is also unique to you.
• It is much more likely to land you in an interview.
• It is handy to have a ‘tombstone’
• This we find in certain occasions.
• But prospective employers throw away these.
• They throw away most of those unrequired ‘tombstone’ list.
• They prefer to do the interview quick.
• For this reason, they throw away these lists.
• You have to feel yourself important while writing a resume.
• Sell what you can do, not who you are.
• you should practise translating your personality traits.
• You should practise character accomplishments.
• You should practise achievements into skill areas in the world of work.
• Many people clutch thinking about their abilities.
• Some think they have none at all.
• In writing a resume, one should be specific.
• He also should be concrete.
• He should be brief too.
• One should turn bad news into good one.
• You should always look for the positive side.
• You should never apologize.
• You are returning to the work force after fifteen years.
• Simply write a short paragraph.
• You can write it in place of chronology of experience.
• Don’t apologize for working at being a mother.
• It is the hardest job of all.
• You have no special training.
• You have no higher education.
• Then, just don’t mention education.
• You are going to write about yourself.
• So, first you have to think about the self.
• Take four or five hours off
• It should not be necessarily consecutive.
• Simply write down every accomplishment of your life.
• It is about on or off the job.
• The job that make you feel affective.
• Then study the list.
• Try to sport patterns.
• You are studying the list now.
• You will come closer to the meaning.
• Identify your marketable skills.
• Give name to you cluster of accomplishments.
• It may be just like leadership skills.
• It may be budget management skills.
• It may be child development skills.
• Try to list of least three accomplishments.
• These three must be written under the same skill heading.
• You may take your draft.
• You may take it to several weeks.
• Then you can show this to a stranger.
• You have to do this to know others’ reactions for it.
• Then send it to a printer.
• A printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Meaning Of difficult Words
Resume – summary
convince – to persuade fully, to cause to believe
grant – to permit, to allow
familiar – well – known, general, well-acquainted
chronology – the science of computing time, a scheme of the table of time, order of time.
functional – active, professional
descriptive – narrative, explaining in detail
unique – stole, special
handy – convenient, dexterous
prospective – expecting for future
accomplishments – completeness, happenings, fulfillment
achievement – performance, gain.
clutch – to grasp, tightly, to hatch, to snatch
concrete – material, not abstract, real
positive side – bright side, good side
mention – to refer to, to speak about
disappoint, – to be hopeless
apologize – make frank acknowledgment
consecutive – following in regular order, or one after another
pattern – type, order
effective – fruitful, necessary
identify – to find out, recognize
cluster – a bunch, swarm, crowd

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 3 Of a Questionable Conviction Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Poem 3 Of a Questionable Conviction

Pre-Reading activity:
Have you ever written poems? If so, what was your purpose in writing them? Why does a poet write poems?To persuade the readers into his own beliefs? Is it always possible to know if the poet is sincerely expressing his conviction in his poems? The poem you are going to read has
the title of a questionable conviction. Can you guess what the poem is about? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Jayanta Mahapatra from(1928) is foremost among the Indian English poets. His poetry expresses an ‘unhealable rift” a profound sense of loss. A tireless experimenter, Mahapatra’s poetic idiom is subtle and suggestive. His well known poetry collection are “Close the Sky”, Ten by Ten (1971), ‘A Rain Rated (1976). ‘A Father’s Hours’ (1976) and Relationship (1980) and ‘Burden of waves and Fruit’ (1986). ‘Ofa Questionable Conviction’ addresses the issue of how important convictions are to the writing of a poem.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Why does the poet think the man who talks of pain invented it himself?
Answer:
The poet thinks that he man who talks of pain invented it himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 2.
What is the main idea in Stanza 1?
Answer:
The main idea in Stanza 1 is that it is perhaps he who has invented pain himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 3.
What, according to the poet ‘his excuse to live’?
Answer:
Waiting for hours in the night towards another night is, according to the poet, his excuse.

Question 4.
Can the walls be lonely? Why does the poet use this expression?
Answer:
Walls, in poetry, can be lonely. The poet makes use of this expression to bring about a kind of personification in the poem.

Question 5.
“For months together the window has been deceiving him”. What could the poet mean by these lines?
Answer:
The window has been deceiving him for months together, because light has been simply coming in and going out. He has not been able to polish and heart by means of the light.

Question 6.
The poet described in he poem ‘has been trying to polish the light on his heart? How?
Answer:
The light on his heart is poor and the poet is not able to polish his heart by means of the light that enters and exits through the window.

Question 7.
You can easily see that in the first three stanza only the present tense forms are used. In the final stanza, however, past tense forms are used. Why is this shift in the concluding stanza?
Answer:
The use of present perfect progressive in the third stanza makes it rather explicit that the action started some times in the past and it continues into the present. Hence, it has a past reference. The past tense from in the concluding stanza tell that the poet has been doing that from the past till the present.

Question 8.
Would you consider the ending of the poem satisfactory? Explain your point of view.
Answer:
The ending of the poem is satisfactory because writing poem beside a lonely wall does not harm anybody.

Question 9.
What can you say about the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is pain and simple.

Question 10.
What do you mean by –
(i) “The empty window in his lonely wall” (stanza 2)
(ii) “The eyes saw the pain in the mirror” (stanza 4)
(iii) “They did not grudge him that.” (stanza 4)
Answer:
(i) The only well without window doors.
(ii) The poet’s eyes saw the pain in the mirror.
(in) The people did not give or allow anything unwillingly.

Of a Questionable Conviction Summary in English

This is a man who talks of pain as though it belonged to him alone. Perhaps he has invented it himself and made virtue of it. And this man may be a poet. He waits in the night for hours. He keeps waiting for another night because, that is his excuse to live. The empty window in his lonely wall belongs to him alone. The window has been deceiving him for months together. Light comes in and goes out of its own without any hindrance. He has been trying to polish the light on his heart. Everybody says that he is a poet. His eyes witnessed the pain in the mirror which reflected his image. They did not grudge him that such a harmless pastime never ruined anybody’s sleep.

Analytical Outlines:

• The poet talks about a man.
• That man talks of pain.
• The pain belongs to him along.
• Perhaps, he has invented it himself.
• He makes virtue of it.
• That man may be a poet.
• He waits in the night for hours.
• He keeps waiting for another night.
• Because that is his excuse to live.
• It is the empty window in his lonely wall.
• It belongs to him alone.
• The window has been deceiving him.
• It has been deceiving him for months together.
• Light comes in.
• Light goes out of its own.
• It is without any hindrance.
• He has been trying to polish the light.
• He will polish it in his heart.
• Everybody says that he is a poet.
• His eyes witnessed the pain.
• It witnessed it in the mirror.
• The mirror reflected his image.
• They did not grudge him.
• It is a harmless pastime.
• It never ruined anybody’s sleep

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

conviction – a strong belief or opinion.
virtue – good quality
deceiving – misleading, cheating, betraying
hindrance- obstacle, impediment, obstruction
polish- to refine, to make or become smooth and shining.
witness- to see, to give evidence
image- a statue, an idol, an idea, a reflection
reflect- to express, to throw or come back
grudge- give or allow something very unwillingly
pastime- an enjoyable or interesting activity

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 2 The Goat Paths Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class Alternative English Solutions Poem 2 The Goat Paths

Pre-Reading activity:
The goat is a very common animal in our part of the country. What qualities do you associate with goats? Think up five words that come to your mind when you think of goats. The poem you are about to read has the title. “The Goat-Paths”. Can you guess what the poem is about? Write your guess here. Now read the poem is see what it is really about.

Notes On The Poet:
James Stephens (1882-1950), a British poet and novelist, is known for such work as Insurrections (1909). The Crack of gold (1912). The Hill of Vision (1912). Green Branches (1912) and Collected Poems (1936). His ‘delicates inspired’ poetry makes effective use of imagery, the familiar scene is often ‘translated into an image for a human meaning’. In this poem, the poet likes the goats, seeks harmony with Nature.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Where are the straying goats found?
Answer:
The goats prefer to go to the heather and not to a grassy field because there was nothing stir.

Question 2.
Why do the goats go to the heather and not to a grassy field?
Answer:
The goats prefer to go to the heather and not to a grassy field because there was nothing stir.

Question 3.
Are these goats different from the others of their kind?
Answer:
These goats are different from the others of their kind because they behave in different way from the others.

Question 4.
How many times para the words relating to ‘quiet’ used in this poem?
Answer:
Five times.

Question 5.
How does the poet related ‘quietly in quietness’ (line 13 to ‘the moving sky’?
(Line 16). If you were to make two sections of the poem how would you divided it?
Answer:
“Quietly in quietness’ means being alone in a lonely place. The moving sky implies the limitless sky.

Question 6.
How would you read of someone called the first section ‘observation’ and the second ‘reflection’?
Answer:
It would be right to say that the first section of the poem is based on ‘observation’ and the second section on ‘reflection’.

Question 7.
What do you notice in the voice of the poet? urgency, defiance, arrogance, envy, frustration, expectation or a sense of oneness with God’s creation?
Answer:
Urgency, defiance, expectation, a sense of oneness with God’s creation.

Question 8.
What does the poet say he would do when his ‘sunny solitude’ is distributed?
Answer:
He would stray apart and brood, he would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather spray in the sunny solitude.

Question 9.
Why does the poet call the goats ‘wise’?
Answer:
The poet calls the goats wise because they brood and beat the hidden way through the quiet heather spray in the sunny solitude.

Question 10.
The expression ‘IfI were’ conveys a wish. What is the poet’s wish?
Answer:
The poet’s wish is to be wise enough to brood and beat the hidden way through the quiet heather spray to a sunny solitude. He would run away and make an angry sound and would stare and turn and bound to the deeper silence where nothing disturbs.

Question 11.
I would think until I found/something I can never find’. How would you comment on the complexity of thought implicit in these lines?
Answer:
It is just like attaining the unattainable. The first lines is in simple past tense while the second line occurs in simple present form. The use of simple past in the present delineates are unfulfilled of he poet who would never find it. Hence, it is unfulfilled wish.

Question 12.
Can you write a simple paraphrase of the last stanza?
Answer:
The last stanza speaks of attaining of the unattainable. The poet makes use of the simple past tense form of verb, that is ‘found’ in the present context. The grammatical usage of such expression explains the unfulfilled wish of the poet. The poet is of the view that he will go on thinking until he has found what he can never find.

Question 13.
Point out same of the striking images in the poem?
Answer:
There are some striking images in the poem. They are-crooked paths, sunny quietness, crouching, beaten way etc.

Question 14.
What purpose do the words ‘quiet sunniness’. Sunny quietness’ ‘deeper sunniness’, ‘Quietly in quietness’. ‘Sunny quietude’. ‘Sunny solitude’ serve?
(i) They cast a spell on the reader.
(ii) They add to the musically of the poem
(iii) They are meant to create ambiguity for the reader.
Answer:
(iii) They are meant to create ambiguity for the reader.

Question 15.
Can you think of possible revisions of the following lines of the poem?
Line 17: “If you approach they run away.”
Line 30: “And should you come I’d run away”
Answer:
“If you approach they run away”
“If you come I’d run away”

Composition

Question 1.
Would you agree that the poem suggest the possibility of a harmony within the self and within the natural process of life and world”? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The poem‘ The Goat – Paths” is undoubtedly the master piece of James Stephens, an eminent and out-standing British poet and novelist. In this discussing poem, he expresses the possibility of a harmony within the selfand with the natural process of life and the world. The goats and goat paths are natural elements. The process of life is best reflected by means of these things. Life and life’s process are a part of nature. The outer reflections cost a deep spell on human life. It is because the external nature has a tremendous influence on the internal nature of man. Man internalises the outer nature which is at times didactic and delightful. The nature says words worth, ‘is the friend, philosopher and guide’, for man. In this discussing poem ‘The Goat – Paths,’ the poet James Stephens reflects the human self and natural processes. The poem ultimately leads the poet to identify himself with the goats! He says, “IfI were as wise as they I would stray apart and brood ….”. If a man appears on the scene, he would run away, he would like goats make an angry sound. He would is to a place where nothing stirs in the silence ofthe furze. He would also like to think in the airy quietness through the quiet sunniness, he would stray away to brood by hidden, beaten way in the sunny solitude. He would think until he found something he can never and something lying on the ground. As a matter offact, Stephens has tried his best to establish a harmony within the self and with the natural process of life and the world. The way Stephens explains it is superb and fantastic. On the whole. Stephens’s expression is most during, evaluating, inspiring and heart-touching.

Question 2.
Comment on the appropriateness of the title “The Goat-Paths”.
Answer:
The poem “The Goat-Paths” is, indeed, the best typical master-piece of James Stephens, a prominent and outstanding British poet and novelist of the twentieth century. His ‘delicately inspired’ poetry tinged with apt and suggestive titles is undoubtedly superband excellent. However, the title of any piece of art must be thoroughly exact, appropriate and suggestive. It should be like a colourful and attractive signboard of a shop. An attractive signboard automatically arrests the attention of the customers and makes them spell bound to have a visit to the shop. It also explains what a shop contains similarly, and apt and suggestive title arrests the attention of the reader instantly and makes them spell bound to go through it completely. It is like ‘the face is the index of heart.’ The discussing poem ‘The Goat-Paths”| bears the same ideas to prove the authenticity and appropriateness of the title of the poem. Moreover, the goat-paths are usually crooked and they lead uphill. They also wind about through the heather in and out of the quiet sunniness. The goats keep cropping here and there, they pause and turn and pass. When approaches they run away, leap and stare and they go away to the sunny quietude with a sudden angry sound. The poet brings oneness between the goats and his life. In feet, appropriateness of the title applies to the poem. The poem bears all qualities of being an apt and suggestive one. The external natural things like the goats, goat-paths have been identified with human life. The poet wishes to internalise these values and learn a lot from the goats. As a matter of feet, the title of the poem‘ The Goat-Paths” is apt and suggestive. The way the poet has expressed the central idea of the poem through the appropriate title is superb and outstanding. One the whole, the title of the poem is thought-provoking, inspiring and heart enduring.

The Goat Paths Summary in English

The crooked paths go every way upon the hill. They wind about though the heather in and out of the quiet sunniness. The goats there, day after day, stray in sunny quietness, cropping here and there as they halt and turn and pass. There is a bit of Heather spray, a mouthful of the grass in the deep sunniness in the place where nothing stirs quietly in the quietness. In quiet of the furze, they come and lie staring on the roving sky. When somebody approaches they run away. They leap and stare, they bound away with a sudden angry sound of the sunny quietude. Crouching down where nothing stirs in the silence of these furze, crouching down again to brood in the sunny solitude. If we were as wide as they were, he would stray apart and brood, he would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather spray to a sunny solitude. If someone came he would run away, he would make an angry sound and would stare and turn and bound to the deeper quietude to the place where nothing stirs in the silence of the furze. He would think as long as they in that airy quietness through the quiet sunniness he would stray away to brood by a hidden beaten way in the sunny solitude.

Analytical Outlines:

• The crooked paths go every way.
• It goes every way upon the hill.
• They wind about through the heather.
• They wind about in and out of the quiet sunniness.
• There, the goats stray in sunny quietness.
• The goats stray day after day.
• They halt here and there.
• They turn here and there
• They pass here and there
• They crop here and there
• There is a bit of heather spray.
• It is mouthful of the grass.
• It is in the deep sunniness in the place.
• There nothing stirs quietly.
• Actually, there is an entire quietness.
• They come in the quiet of the furze.
• They lie staring on the roving sky.
• They run away when somebody approaches.
• They leap.
• They stare
• They bound away with a sudden angry sound.
• They do it with the sound of the sunny quietude.
• They crouch down.
• Nothing stirs in the silence of the furze.
• They crouch down again.
• They brood in the sunny solitude.
• If he were as wise as they.
• He would stray apart.
• He would brood.
• He would beat a hidden way through the quiet heather.
• He would spray to a sunny solitude
• If someone came.
• He would run away.
• He would make an angry sound.
• He would stare.
• He would turn.
• He would bound to the deeper quietude.
• There nothing stirs in the silence of the furze.
• He would think as long as they were in that airy quietness.
• He would think this through the quiet sunniness.
• He would stray away to brood.
• He would brood by a hidden beaten way.
• He would do this in the sunny solitude.

Meaning Of difficult Words:

croocked- bent, not straight
heather- wasteland covered with strubs
cropping- grazing
furze- shrub with spikes
roving (sky) – moving (here, appearing to move)
quietude – calmness, serenity, solitude
crouching – lying close to the ground
beat- make a path
stare- to look fixedly, to glance
solitude- loneliness, calmness, pin drop silence
brood- act ofbreeding
stray- to wander
spray- to sprinkle

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 12 Vectors Ex 12(d) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 12 Vectors Exercise 12(d)

Question 1.
Each question given below has four possible answers out of which only one is correct. Choose the correct one.
(i) \(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \times \vec{a}\) = _______.
(a) \(\overrightarrow{0}\)
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) \(\vec{a}^2 \vec{b}\)
Solution:
\(\vec{a} \cdot(\vec{b} \times \vec{a})\) = \((\vec{b} \times \vec{a}) \cdot \vec{a}\)
= \(\vec{b} \cdot(\vec{a} \times \vec{a})\) = \(\vec{b} \cdot \overrightarrow{0}\)
= 0 [∴ Dot product is commutative and in the scalar triple product the dot and cross can be interchanged.]

(ii) \((-\vec{a}) \cdot \vec{b} \times(-\vec{c}))\) = _______.
(a) \(\vec{a} \times \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c}\)
(b) \(-\vec{a} \cdot(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\)
(c) \(\vec{a} \times \vec{c} \cdot \vec{b}\)
(d) \(\vec{a} \cdot(\vec{c} \times \vec{b})\)
Solution:
\((-\vec{a}) \cdot \vec{b} \times(-\vec{c})\) = \(\vec{a} \cdot(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\)

(iii) For the non-zero vectors \(\vec{a}, \vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}, \vec{a} \cdot(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\) = 0 if
(a) \(\vec{b} \perp \vec{c}\)
(b) \(\vec{a} \perp \vec{b}\)
(c) \(\vec{a} \| \vec{c}\)
(d) \(\vec{a} \perp \vec{c}\)
Solution:
\(\vec{a} \cdot(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\) = \((\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \cdot \vec{c}\)
\(\vec{c} \perp(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{a}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathrm{b}})\)
but \(\vec{a} \times \vec{b}\) is perpendicular to \(\vec{a}\) and \(\vec{b}\)
∴ \(\vec{a} \| \vec{b}\)

Question 2.
Find the scalar triple product \(\vec{b} \cdot(\vec{c} \times \vec{a})\) where \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\) are respectively.
(i) î + ĵ, î – ĵ, 5î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
Solution:

= 1 (0 – 3) + 1 (0 – 3) + 0 (5 – 2)
= 3 – 3 = -6

(ii) 5î – ĵ + 4k̂, 2î + 3ĵ + 5k̂, 5î – 2ĵ
Solution:

= 5 (18 + 10) + 1 (12 – 25) + 4 (- 4 – 15)
= 140 – 13 – 76 = 140 – 89 = 51

Question 3.
Find the volume of the parallelopiped whose sides are given by the vectors.
(i) î + ĵ + k̂, k̂, 3î – ĵ + 2k̂
Solution:

= 1 (0 + 1) – 1 (0 – 3) + 1 (0 – 0)
= 1 + 3 = 4 cube units.

(ii) (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1).
Solution:

Question 4.
Show that the following vector are co-planar
(i) î – 2ĵ + 2k̂, 3î + 4ĵ + 5k̂, -2î + 4ĵ – 4k̂
Solution:

(ii) î + 2ĵ + 3k̂, -2î – 4ĵ + 5k̂, 3î + 6
Solution:

Question 5.
Find the value of λ so that the three vectors are co-planar.
(i) î + 2ĵ + 3k̂, 4î + ĵ + λk̂ and λî – 4ĵ + k̂
Solution:

(ii) (2, -1, 1), (1, 2, -3) and (3, λ, 5)
Solution:

⇒ 2 (10 + 3λ) + 1 (5 + 9) + 1 (λ – 6) = 0
⇒ 20 + 6λ +14 + λ – 6 = 0
⇒ 7λ + 28 = 0 ⇒ λ = -4

Question 6.
If \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\) mutually perpendiculars, show that \([\vec{a} .(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})]^2\) = a²b²c²
Solution:

Question 7.
Show that \([\vec{a}+\vec{b} \vec{b}+\vec{c} \vec{c}+\vec{a}]\) = 2\([\vec{a} \vec{b} \vec{c}]\)
Solution:

Question 8.
Prove that \([\vec{a} \times \vec{b} \vec{b} \times \vec{c} \vec{c} \times \vec{a}]\) = \([\vec{a} \vec{b} \vec{c}]^2\)
Solution:

Question 9.
For \(\vec{a}\) = î + ĵ, \(\vec{b}\) = -î + 2k̂, \(\vec{c}\) = ĵ + k̂ obtain \(\vec{a} \times(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\) and also verify the formula \(\vec{a} \times(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})\) = \((\vec{a} \cdot \vec{c}) \vec{b}-(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}) \vec{c}\).
Solution:

Question 10.
Prove that \(\vec{a} \times(\vec{b} \times \vec{c})+\vec{b} \times(\vec{c} \times \vec{a})+\vec{c} \times(\vec{a} \times \vec{b})\) and hence prove that \(\vec{a} \times(\vec{b} \times \vec{c}), \vec{b} \times(\vec{c} \times \vec{a}), \vec{c} \times(\vec{a} \times \vec{b})\) are coplanar.
Solution:

Question 11.
If \(\vec{a}\), \(\vec{b}\) and \(\vec{c}\) unit vectors and \(\hat{a} \times(\hat{b} \times \hat{c})=\frac{1}{2} \hat{b}\) find the angles that â makes with b̂ and ĉ, where b̂, ĉ are not parallel.
Solution:

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 11 Differential Equations Ex 11(b) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 11 Differential Equations Exercise 11(b)

Solve the following differential equations.
Question 1.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y = e^-x
Solution:
Given equation is \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y = e^-x … (1)
This is a linear differential equation.
Here P = 1, Q = e^-x
So the integrating factor
I.F. = e^{∫P dx} = e^∫dx = e^x
The solution of (1) is given by
ye^x = ∫e^-x . e^x dx = ∫dx = x + C
⇒ y – xe^-x + Ce^-x

Question 2.
(x² – 1)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 2xy = 1
Solution:
Given equation is (x² – 1)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 2xy = 1

Question 3.
(1 – x²)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 2xy = x \(\sqrt{1-x^2}\)
Solution:
Given equation is

Question 4.
x log x \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y = 2 log x
Solution:
Given equation is

Question 5.
(1 + x²)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 2xy = cos x
Solution:

Question 6.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y sec x = tan x
Solution:
Given equation is
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y sec x = tan x
This is a linear equation where
P = sec x, Q = tan x
I.F. = e^{∫sec dx}
= e^{(sec x + tan x)} = sec x + tan x
The solution is y . (sec x + tan x)
= ∫(sec x + tan x) tan x dx
= ∫(sec x tan x + tan² x) dx
= ∫(sec x . tan x + sec² x – 1) dx
= ∫(sec x + tan x) – x + C
⇒ (y – 1) (sec x + tan x) + x = C

Question 7.
(x + tan y) dy = sin 2y dx
Given equation can be written as
Solution:

Question 8.
(x + 2y³)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = y
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 9.
sin x\(\frac{d y}{d x}\)+ 3y = cos x
Solution:

Question 10.
(x + y + 1)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 1
Solution:

Question 11.
(1 + y²) dx + (x – \(e^{-\tan ^{-1} y}\)) dy = 0
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

Question 12.
x\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y = xy²
Solution:
Given equation can be written as

⇒ z = -x ln x + Cx
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\) = -x ln x + Cx
⇒ 1 = -xy ln x + Cxy
∴ The solution is (C – ln x) xy = 1

Question 13.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + y = y² log x
Solution:

Question 14.
(1 + x²)\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = xy – y²
Solution:
The given equation can be written as

Question 15.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + \(\frac{y}{x-1}\) = \(x y^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
Solution:
The given equation can be written as

Question 16.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + \(\frac{y}{x}\) = x², y(1) = 1
Solution:
The given equation can be written as
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + \(\frac{y}{x}\) = x², y(1) = 1 … (1)
This is a linear equation.

Question 17.
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 2y tan x = sin x, y\(\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\) = 0.
Solution: