Class 12

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(j) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(j)

Test differentiability and continuity of the following functions.
Question 1.
\(\left|1-\frac{1}{x}\right|\) at x = 1
Solution:

Question 2.
x² |x| at x = 0.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x² |x|
Then f(0) = 0

As L.H.D.=R.H.D., f(x) is differentiable at x = 0. We know that every differentiable function is continuous. So f(x) is also continuous at x = 0.

Question 3.
f(x) = tan x at x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Solution:
f(x) = tan x
f(\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)) = tan \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) which does not exist.
So f(x) is neither continuous not differentiable.

Question 4.
f(x) = cot x at x = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\).
Solution:

Question 5.
f(x) = |sin x| at x = π.
Solution:
Differentiability:
f(x) = |sin x|, x = π
f(π) |sin π| = 0

Question 6.
f(x) = latex]\frac{x}{1+|x|}[/latex] at x = 0
Solution:

As L.H.D. = R.H.D., f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
Every differentiable function is continuous.
So f(x) is also continuous at x = 0.

Question 7.
f(x) = \(\begin{cases}x \sin \frac{1}{x}, & x \neq 0 \\ 0, & x=0\end{cases}\) at x = 0
Solution:

Question 8.
f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\frac{1-e^{-x}}{x}, & x \neq 0 \\ 1 & x=0\end{cases}\) at x = 0
Solution:
f(0) = 1

As L.H.D. = R.H.D., f(x) is differentiable at the origin. Again every differentiable function is continuous. So f(x) is continuous at the origin.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 The Doctor’s Word Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 1 The Doctor’s Word

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Doctor’s Word Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit I
Gist :
Dr. Raman was a veteran doctor. He was the epitome of truth. Therefore, the patients gave much importance to his opinion. Dr. Raman was averse to giving mere opinion. Instead, he gave his opinion after testing. The patient’s life depended on what he said. He was cool in the treatment of his patients. He did not like to assure them saying soothing words. A glimpse of the least sign of hope made Dr. Raman prepare to work. Once he treated his patient, he never looked back. The patients visited Dr. Raman when they were hopeless. They did not come earlier for the sake of paying him visiting fee of twenty-five rupees.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ସତ୍ୟର ଉପାସକ ଥିଲେ । ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଉପରେ ଦେବା ସହ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ମଧ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର କଥା ଉପରେ ରୋଗୀର ଜୀବନ ନିର୍ଭର କରୁଥିଲା । ସେ ବହୁତ ଥଣ୍ଡା ମିଜାଜରେ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରୁଥିଲେ । ସେ ସାର୍ଚ୍ଚନାମୂଳକ କଥା କହି ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭରସା ଦେବାକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁନଥିଲେ । ଶେଷ ଆଶା ଥିଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେ ମଧ୍ଯ ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କର ସେବା ଓ ଚିକିତ୍ସା କରୁଥିଲେ । ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବା ପରେ ସେ ରୋଗୀକୁ ନବଞ୍ଚାଇ ଛାଡୁନଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳେ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଆଶାହୀନ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲେ, ସେମାନେ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଆସୁଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଆଗରୁ ଆସୁ ନ ଥିଲେ ଯେହେତୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରିବାର ଫିସ୍ ୨୫ ଟଙ୍କା ଥିଲା ।

Glossary :
on his last legs : weak and likely to collapse(ଶେଷ ଅବସ୍ଥା)
obvious: clear(ପରିଷ୍କାର)
shirk: avoid (ଏଡ଼େଇବା)
ominous: inauspicious(ଅଶୁଭ)
association: companion( ସାହଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ)
quick: fast(ନ ନେଇ ପାରିବା ଅବସ୍ଥା)
wavering: indecision, to be unable to take decision
whitewashing: hiding somebody’s errors or unpleasant facts (ସତ୍ୟ ଲୁଚାଇବା) ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା
bred: ପୋଷ୍ୟ
curt: short (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ)
dope: hope (ଆଶା)
glimpsed: saw faintly
faintest: କ୍ଷୀଣତମ
sign: ଚିହ୍ନ
rolled up his sleeve: prepared to work (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଉଥିଲେ )
stepped: arrived (ପହଞ୍ଚୁଥିଲେ)
truthfulness: ସତ୍ୟତା
reason: କାରଣ
opinion: ମତାମତ
valued: much attention is paid (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଉଥୁଲା )
mere : କେବଳ
pronounce a verdict: declaring a decision (ରାୟ ଘୋଷଣା କରିବା)
hung : ଝୁଣ୍ଟିବା
unduly: ଅଯଥା
agreeable words: pleasant words(ସୁଖକର କଥା)
arena: ମଞ୍ଚ
withdrew: retreated ( ପଛଘୁଞ୍ଚା ଦେଉଥିଲେ )
wrested: took violently from a person’s grasp (ମଲ୍ଲୟୁଦ୍ଧ)
the prize: (here) life of the patient (ପୁରସ୍କାର)
Yama: Hindu God of departed spirits (ୟାମା)

Think it out:

Question 1.
Why did the patients visit Dr. Raman only when they were hopeless?
Answer:
The patients visited Dr. Raman only when they were in a critical condition. The doctorasked them why they had not come much before. The reasons were not far to seek. The patients were not willing to pay him visiting fee of twenty-five rupees so early. Besides, they did not feel the necessity of going to the doctor unless they found themselves in a hopeless stage. For them, there was something dangerous to be in the presence of Dr. Raman, because he promptly diagonised the patient.

Question 2.
What impression of Dr. Raman do you get from the passage?
Answer:
Dr. Raman is loyal to his profession in word and spirit. He knows well that a patient’s life depends on his words. He diagonises the patients promptly. He was decisive to the core. He doesn’t like to hide anything concerning the patient. Truthfulness is Dr. Raman’s forte. His short, sharp response to the patient’s condition is a case in point. He sticks to human values. He knows that soothing words cannot save the lives of patients. Dr. Raman doesn’t like hide anything from the patients. He waits till his patients recover.

Unit II

Gist :
Dr. Raman felt restless when he found his bosom friend Gopal in a critical condition. He walked down the memory lane. Forty years had elapsed. Their friendship had been kept intact. Family and profession hindered their meetings in a great measure. At times they dined together, went to the cinema and shared each other’s life and activities. Changing times, circumstances and activities had no effect on their friendship. It was excellent one. They had no contact for the last three months now. The sight of Gopal’s son sitting on a bench in the consulting room made him remember his friend. Dr. Raman talked to him and came to know about his friend’s illness.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ଜାଣିଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳ ଗୁରୁତର ଭାବେ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇଛି, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ବିଚଳିତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସେ ଦୀର୍ଘ ଚାଳିଶ ବର୍ଷର ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵର ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ । ପରିବାର ଓ ବୃତ୍ତି ତାଙ୍କ ମିଳନରେ ବାଧକ ସାଜିଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେମାନେ ଏକାଠି ଖାଉଥିଲେ, ଏକାଠି ସିନେମା ଯାଉଥୁଲେ ଏବଂ ପରସ୍ପରର ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସୁଖରେ ଅଂଶୀଦାର ହେଉଥିଲେ । ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁତ୍ଵ ଉପରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇ ପାରି ନଥିଲା । ତିନିମାସ ହେଲା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ କୌଣସି ଯୋଗାଯୋଗ ହୋଇପାରି ନ ଥିଲା । ଗୋପାଳର ପୁଅଠାରୁ ସେ ଗୋପାଳର ଅସୁସ୍ଥତା ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ ।

Glossary :
soothing : comforting (ଆଶ୍ୱାସନାଭରା )
lies: falsehood (ମିଛ)
mopped: cleaned ( ସଫା କଲେ/ପୋଛିଲେ )
brow: forehead (କପାଳ)
kerchief: କିର୍ଚିଫ୍
beside: ପାଖରେ
dearest: most imtimate (ଅନ୍ତରଙ୍ଗ)
kindergarten days: ସ୍କୁଲ ଦିନରୁ
of course: ଅବଶ୍ୟ
wrapped: ଗୁଡ଼ାଇ
dine: ଭୋଜନ
classic friendship: excellent friendship (ଉତ୍ତମ ବନ୍ଧୁତା)
untouched: ଅସ୍ପୃଶ୍ୟ
circumstances: ପରିସ୍ଥିତି
crowded: ଭିଡ଼
got up: ଉଠିପଡିଲି
youth: ଯୁବକ
shy: ଲାଜୁଆ

Think it out

Question 1.
How does the writer describe the friendship between Dr. Raman and Gopal?
Answer:
The writer says that the friendship between Dr. Raman and Gopal spans forty years. It goes back to their school days. Family and profession have made their meetings infrequent. At times on a Sunday, Gopal waits patiently for Dr. Raman in the consulting room till the latter is free. They spend the day in dinning, going to the cinema and sharing each other’s life and activities. Their friendship that still remains untouched by changing times, circumstances and activities is an excellent one.

Question 2.
How did Dr. Raman come to know about Gopal’s illness?
Answer:
Hectic schedule had led Dr. Raman to forget his friend’s failure to call him in for three months. This fact occurred to him when he noticed his friend’s son sitting on a bench in the consulting room. It was one morning packed with patients. At the time moving to the operation room, Dr. Raman enquired of him about the purpose of visit. At that time he came to know about Gopal’s illness.

Unit III

Gist :
Dr. Raman was awfully busy, because it was an operation day. Then the doctor immediately went to his friend’s home and saw Gopal lying in bed. The doctor asked his wife many questions concerning his illness. Dr. Raman wished Gopal’s wife had summoned him earlier. A doctor nearby was treating him. Gopal’s family did not contact Dr. Raman, because they did not want to disturb him unnecessarily. They felt miserable. Dr. Raman started treating his friend without wasting time. He injected Gopal in the presence of the latter’s family members. Dr. Raman sat back in his waiting for the result. Loss of midday meal made him hungry. He went out for his lunch and came back soon. Dr. Raman apprised his friend’s wife of the necessity of operation and sought their son’s assistance. Gopal’s wife felt dizzy.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଡା. ରମଣ ବହୁତ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଥିଲେ କାରଣ ଏହା ଥିଲା ତାଙ୍କର ଏକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିବାର ଦିନ । ପରେ ସେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ସାଙ୍ଗେ ତାଙ୍କ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ଘରକୁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ଗୋପାଳ ଶଯ୍ୟାଶାୟୀ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କ ସ୍ବାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଅନେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରିଲେ । ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ପରିବାର ତାଙ୍କୁ କାହିଁକି ଆଗରୁ ଡାକିଲେ ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ସେ ପଚାରିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିନା କାରଣରେ ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପକାଇବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲେ ବୋଲି ସେମାନେ କହିଲେ । ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରି ଡା. ରମଣ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲେ । ଫଳାଫଳକୁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରି ସେ ବସି ରହିଲେ । ଦିନ ସମୟରେ ଖାଇ ନ ଥ‌ିବାରୁ ସେ ଭୋକିଲା ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ ଏବଂ ସେ ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ ଖାଇବାପାଇଁ ଗଲେ ଏବଂ ଖୁବ୍ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ । ସେ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଅଛି ବୋଲି କହିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅଙ୍କ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଖୁବ୍ ଅସ୍ବସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ ।

Glossary :
rushed off: ଶୀଘ୍ର ଗଲେ/ ଧାଇଁଗଲେ
lay: ଶଯ୍ୟା
as if in sleep: ଯେପରି ଶୋଇଛି
trouble: ଅସୁବିଧା
apologetic: କ୍ଷମାପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବା
miserable: sad (ଦୁଃଖ୍)
took off: removed (କାଢ଼ିନେଲେ)
sizzled: boiled (ଫୁଟାଇଲେ)
sterilizer: ନିରୂପଣ
shot in: ଗୁଳି ଚଳାଇଲା
on any account: ଯେକୌଣସି ହିସାବରେ
giddy: dizzy
sank down: ବୁଡ଼ିଗଲା
drug: medicine (ଔଷଧ )
essayed: tried (ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲେ )
Snapped: କଥାରେ ବାଧା ଦେଲେ
gleamed: ଚିକ୍‌ଚିକ୍ କଲା
perspiration: sweat (ଝୋଳ)
eyelids: ଆଖ୍ୟାତାଗୁଡ଼ିକ
timidly: ଲାଜରେ
fatigue: tiredness (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତି)
famished: hungry (କ୍ଷୁଧାଇଁ)
midday meal: ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ
bear: tolerate (ଧାରଣ କରିବା)
strain: ଟାଣିବା

Think it out

Question 1.
Why didn’t Gopal’s wife call for Dr. Raman earlier?
Answer:
Dr. Raman went to his friend’s house, because the latter was critically ill. He found Gopal lying in bed. Skillful doctor as he was, Dr. Raman calmly enquired of his wife about his friend’s treatment. He learnt that a doctor nearby had been treating her husband. He asked her why she didn’t call him earlier. She failed to do so, lest he should be busy, and so they did not want to bother him unnecessarily. They were sorry about not summoning him earlier. They felt extremely unhappy.

Question 2.
What steps did the doctor take to save his friend from death?
Answer:
Dr. Raman was smart in the diagnosis of his friend and treated him instantly. He opened his bag and took out an injection tube; the needle sizzled over the stove. He injected the drug into the patient. After watching him for some time Dr. Raman decided to perform an operation and performed the same. These were the steps the doctor took to save his friend from death.

Unit IV

Gist :
It was about eight in the evening. The doctor’s assistant was beside himself with joy to see the patient’s positive response to the treatment. The doctor was worried about his pulse. He advised his assistant to have a clean watch over the patient. The doctor found that the patient’s condition had improved a little. He was in a condition to eat a little food. The family members heaved a sigh of relief. They were full of joy. They expressed their deep gratitude to Dr. Raman who looked fixedly at the patient. Instead of responding to the concern of the patient’s wife, the doctor instructed her to give her husband glucose and brandy every forty minutes. The wife wanted to know if he was out of danger. The doctor’s silence steeled her to elicit the truth from him. Suspense mounted. The patient’s wife could not bear it. She requested Dr. Raman to apprise her of what was happening, but he did not tell her about the seriousness of the patient’s condition. A bitter weeping broke the silence of the house. The patient looked in confusion. Dr. Raman was as calm as ever.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହା ଥିଲା ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆଠଟା ସମୟ। ଡାକ୍ତର ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀ ରୋଗୀର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଦେଖ୍ ଖୁସି ହେଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ନାଡ଼ିର ଗତି ଦେଖୁ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ରୋଗୀ ଉପରେ ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ନଜର ରଖିବାପାଇଁ ଡା. ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କ ସହକାରୀଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ କିଛି ଉନ୍ନତି ଆସିଲା ଏବଂ ସେ କିଛି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଖାଇବାର ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ଆସିଲେ । ଘରର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନେ ଟିକିଏ ଆଶ୍ୱସ୍ତି ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଡା. ରମଣଙ୍କୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଜ୍ଞାପନ କଲେ । ଡା. ରମଣ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ ପ୍ରତି ଚାଳିଶ ମିନିଟ୍‌ରେ ଥରେ ଲେଖାଁଏ ଗ୍ଲୁକୋଜ୍ ଓ ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡି ଦେବାପାଇଁ । ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ ସେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବିପଦମୁକ୍ତ ନା ନାହିଁ । ଡାକ୍ତର ନୀରବତା ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ମନରେ ସନ୍ଦେହ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କଲା । ସେ ରୋଗୀର ଅବସ୍ଥା ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଏକ ଦୁଃଖଦ କାନ୍ଦଣା ଘରର ନିର୍ଜନତାକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଦେଲା । ରୋଗୀ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ଚାହିଁଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଆଗଭଳି ଧୀରସ୍ଥିର ହୋଇ ରହିଥିଲେ ।

Glossary :
stirred: moved (ହଲଚଲ ହେଲା)
slightly: a little (ଟିକିଏ|ସାମାନ୍ୟ) ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ଵ ଖୁସି ହେଲେ
overjoyed: ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ
exclaimed: ଚିତ୍କାର କଲା
enthusiastically: ଉତ୍ସାହର ସହିତ
pull through: recover from illness( ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ହେବା)
whispered: said in a low voice (ସ୍ବରରେ କହିଲେ)
pulse: ନାଡ
trust: ବିଶ୍ବାସ କରିବା
flash-up: a sudden ray of hope (ଆଶାର ସଙ୍କେତ)
ruminated: ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ
keep up: maintain (ରକ୍ଷା କଲେ)
relief: ରିଲିଫ୍
swarmed: ବହୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ
poured out: ଫୋପାଡ଼ିଦେଲା
gratitude: କୃତଜ୍ଞତା
felt restless: ଅଶାନ୍ତ ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ
evasive: avoiding a straight, honest answer (ଅପହଞ୍ଚ)
unbearable: ଅସହ୍ୟ
beckoned: called somebody by a movement of the hand (ଇଶାରା କରି ଡାକିଲେ )
excited: ଉତ୍ଫୁଲ୍ଲିତ
terror: ଆତଙ୍କରାଜ
clasped hands: ହାତ ଯୋଡ଼ିଲେ
implored: requested (ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ)
terrible: ଭୟଙ୍କର
wailing: bitter weeping (କାନ୍ଦଣା)
still: ନୀରବ
bewilderment : confusion (ଭ୍ରମଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି)
securely: ଭଲ ଭାବରେ
shut off: ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେଲେ

Think it out

Question 1.
What was Dr. Raman’s reaction when his assistant said “Sir, he will pull through?”
Answer:
When his assistant said “Sir, he will pull through”, the doctor reacted in an unenthusiastic fashion. The doctor was apprehensive of the patient’s recovery from terrible heart attack. Despite an improvement in pulse rate, the patient was not out of danger. In the doctor’s opinion, it was a sign of false recovery. He pondered for a while on his friend’s condition. Uncertainty still lingered in Dr. Raman’s mind.

Question 2.
What was Dr. Raman’s response when Gopal’s wife asked about his condition?
Answer:
Gopal’s wife asked Dr. Raman if her husband was out of danger. The doctor’s response to it was usually calm. He advised her to give Gopal glucose and brandy every forty minutes. Gopal’s wife felt restless. She could not bear the suspense. She again enquired of the doctor about her husband’s present condition. He instructed her not to get excited. The doctor was not ready to respond to her query. He was averse to tell the bitter truth.

Unit V

Gist :
Gopal was in a dying state. His mental condition was getting from bad to worse. He kept asking Dr. Raman if he was going to survive. The doctor knew how serious his friend’s condition was. He was feared for his frankness. Dr. Raman advised not to tire himself, but the former’s advice fell flat. Gopal was anxious about signing the will. Dr. Raman wanted him to go away without answering the question. The patient held his waist and expressed his unflinching trust in his word. Gopal requested a truthful prognosis in order to settle his will and avoid “endless misery for his wife and children” than an unsettled will would entail, realistic eventuality with which Dr. Raman concerned. Yet if the doctor revealed his pessimistic opinion, that Gopal would not survive that night, then it would virtually signify a death sentence and put an end to the slimmest chance of the patient’s survival. Dr. Raman did a piece of acting’ and assured his friend and patient that he would live. Gopal accepted his words with gratitude.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଗୋପାଳ ମୂମୂର୍ଷୁ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଥିଲା । ତାଙ୍କର ମାନସିକ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଖରାପରୁ ଅତି ଖରାପ ହେଉଥିଲା । ସେ ବଞ୍ଚେ କି ନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ବାରମ୍ବାର ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କୁ ପଚାରୁଥିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ଜାଣିଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କର ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥା ସଙ୍କଟାପନ୍ନ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଚିରାଚରିତ ଢଙ୍ଗରେ ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଡରିଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ । ଗୋପାଳ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପିଲାଙ୍କର ଅସରନ୍ତି ଦୁଃଖର ଅନ୍ତ ଘଟାଇବା ପାଇଁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କଠାରୁ ସେ ବଞ୍ଚେ କି ନାହିଁ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ଯଦି ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ବିଷାଦପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କଥାକୁ ଶୁଣାଇଦେବେ, ତେବେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚିତରୂପେ ସେହି ରାତିରେ ଶେଷ ନିଃଶ୍ବାସ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବେ । ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ସତ୍ୟ କଥା ହିଁ ଗୋପାଳର ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କାରଣ ହୋଇଯିବ ଏବଂ ରୋଗୀର ବଞ୍ଚିବାର କ୍ଷୀଣ ଆଶା ମଉଳିଯିବ । ତେଣୁ ଡାକ୍ତର ଅଭିନୟ କଲେ ଏବଂ କହିଲେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ବଞ୍ଚିବେ । ଗୋପାଳ ଏହି କଥାକୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତାର ସହ ଗ୍ରହଣ କଲେ ।

Glossary :
resumed his seat: ପୁଣିଥରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଆସନ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ
exert: tire (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହେବା)
whitewash: ମିଛ ସାନା ଦେବା
attached: (here) gave (ଦେଉଥିଲେ )
value: ମୂଲ୍ୟ
stole a look: ଲୁକ୍ ଚୋରି କଲା
motioned: ଗତିଶୀଳ
last: survive (ବଞ୍ଚ୍)
witness:ସାକ୍ଷୀ
idiotic: foolish (ନିର୍ବୋଧ )
drop: ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦେବା
clutched: ଜାବୁଡ଼ି ଧରିଲେ
wrist: ହାତଗୋଡ
unsettle: ଅସନ୍ତୁଷ୍ଟ
endless: ଅସରନ୍ତି
reflected: thought deeply (ଗଭୀରଭାବେ ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ)
midnight :ମଧ୍ୟରାତ୍ରି
will: ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର
felt the pulse: ନାଡ଼ି ଚିପିଲେ : ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ ହେଲେ
agitated : ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ
deprecating: expressing disapproval (ବାରଣସୂଚକ)
mess: ଅପ୍ରୀତିକର ପରିସ୍ଥିତି|ବିଶୃଙ୍ଖଳା
virtually: ଆପାତତଃ
death sentence: ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ
survival: ବଞ୍ଚିବା
got down: ଓହ୍ଲାଇଲେ
appealingly: ନିନ୍ଦା କଲେ
damned: ଦୋଷୀ
simulate: ଅନୁକରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ
conceal: hide (ଲୁଚେଇବା)
judgement: ବିଚାର/ରାୟ
stooped over: ଆଉଜି ପଡ଼ିଲା
deliberate: intentional (ଇଚ୍ଛାକୃତ)
emphasis: stress (ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ)
absolutely: ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ
glow: ଆଲୋକ
suffused: spread slowly slowly over(ଖେଳିଗଲା)
soundly: ଆରାମରେ

Think it out

Question 1.
Why did Gopal ask Dr. Raman “Am I going?” What was he anxious about?
Answer:
Dr. Raman found his friend and patient in a critical condition; the latter’s wife was crying. The doctor felt his pulse and remained silent. The patient’s anxiety soared. He movingly appealed to the doctor not to avoid anything from him. Dr. Raman still remained unmoved. Gopal was determined to know how long he was going to survive. He was anxious about signing the will which was ready.

Question 2.
Was Dr. Raman upset at this question? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Gopal’s question, “Am I going” upset Dr. Raman, but he never gave vent to his concern for his friend’s condition. This was the most precarious situation he had ever faced in his life. By nature, he was a realist to the core. He knew that he was a doctor, on whose word the life of a patient depended. He did a piece of acting before his friend.

Question 3.
Why did Dr. Raman decide to tell a lie?
Answer:
Gopal insisted Dr. Raman on telling the truth about his condition. He was keen in signing the will that had already been prepared. Gopal was very sick (dying in Dr. Raman’s judgement) and requested a truthful prognosis to settle his will and avoid the never-ending misery for his wife and children than an unsettled will would entail. If the doctor would reveal his critical opinion, Gopal would not survive that night, then it would virtually signify a death sentence and put an end to the slimmest chance of the patient’s survival. Therefore, Dr. Raman decided to tell a lie.

Question 4.
How did he answer Gopal’js question?
Answer:
Dr. Raman could not remain silent in the face of Gopal’s question how long he was going to survive. His patient and friend was bent on signing the will before his death. Dr. Raman did a piece of acting and assured him that he was improving every second. He advised Gopal to sleep in peace and avoid exertion. In other words, the doctor assured him of his survival.

Question 5.
How did Gopal accept Dr. Raman’s words?
Answer:
Dr. Raman assured his patient of recovery. He said again that his friend’s heart was completely fine. Gopal accepted Dr. Raman’s words with great trust and hope. His statement “If it comes from your lips it must be true” is a case in point. There was a ring of relief about Gopal’s tone. He was a picture of gratitude. He slept in peace.

Unit VI

Gist:
A patient’s life hangs on a doctor’s word. It was true in case of Dr. Raman. The way he handled the serious condition of his friend was a case in point. He was smart. He was calm. He instructed his assistant to attend the patient with a tube and give it, in case of any eventuality. Nothing happened. The patient recovered satisfactorily. Dr. Raman had a last check. Then he informed the sick man’s wife about his brilliant heart. His friend would live till ninety. The doctor was sure of it. His friend had passed the most critical phase in heart-attack. His survival would be a source of constant puzzle to Dr. Raman.

Glossary :
for a moment : ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତକ ପାଇଁ
collapse:ଭୁଶୁଡ଼ିବା
tube: ନଳି
struggle: ସଂଘର୍ଷ
made a dash: ଏକ ଡ୍ୟାସ୍ ତିଆରି କଲା
awake: ଜାଗ୍ରତ
bet on it: ଏହା ଉପରେ ବାଜି ଲଗାନ୍ତୁ
turned the comer: ଆସିଲା
puzzle: ପଜଲ୍

Think it out
Question 1.
Did Dr. Raman believe that his patient would recover that night? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Dr. Raman did not believe that his patient would recover that night. He expressed his pessimistic opinion to his assistant. His statement “You might expect the collapse any second now” is a case in point. Dr. Raman instructed his assistant to hurry to the patient with a tube and give it in case of any eventuality.

Question 2.
“Don’t look so unhappy, lady” – why does Dr. Raman say so?
Answer:
Raman says so to his friend Gopal’s wife when Dr. Raman sees her husband in a state of miraculous recovery from a serious heart attack. The patient was conscious and looked extremely fine. The assistant informed the doctor about his satisfactory pulse. Putting the tube at the patient’s heart, he lends his ears to it for a while and pronounces the final judgement to his wife with assurance, “Don’t look so unhappy lady.” Her husband will survive till ninety. He has stood the critical state of attack.

Question 3.
Does human life hang on a doctor’s word? Give a reasoned answer.
Answer:
Yes, human life hangs on a doctor’s word. The way Dr. Raman saved his friend, Gopal from the verge of death splendidly exemplifies this point.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Doctor’s Word Important Questions and Answers

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
People came to him when the patient was on his last legs. The underlined expression means ___________.
(A) lame
(B) about to be lame
(C) amputated
(D) in a critical condition
Answer:
(D) in a critical condition

Question 2.
“……………..that the time had come to call in Raman”. The underlined expression means _______________.
(A) summon
(B) appeal
(C) visit
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) summon

Question 3.
Long years of practice of this kind had bred in the doctor a certain curt truthfulness. The underlined expression means ______________.
(A) a sort of diplomacy
(B) blunt truthfulness
(C) boundless truthfulness
(D) completely tactical
Answer:
(B) blunt truthfulness

Question 4.
The patient’s life hung on his word. The underlined expression means ________________.
(A) completely depended
(B) demanded
(C) hanged
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) completely depended

Question 5.
“………………when he glimpsed the faintest sign of hope, he rolled up his sleeve.” The underlined expression means _________.
(A) consulted
(B) slept
(C) prepared to do his duty
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) prepared to do his duty

Question 6.
As a doctor, Raman was ______________.
(A) one of the equals
(B) a man with a difference
(C) somewhat fine
(D) held in high esteem
Answer:
(B) a man with a difference

Question 7.
Dr. Raman was _____________.
(A) firmly decisive
(B) moody
(C) bitter
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) firmly decisive

Question 8.
Dr. Raman’s friendship with Gopal goes back to _____________.
(A) their school days
(B) their nursery school days
(C) more than forty years
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) their nursery school days

Question 9.
Their friendship was ______________.
(A) excellent
(B) good
(C) very good
(D) strange
Answer:
(A) excellent

Question 10.
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) Dr. Raman and Gopal were close friends.
(B) Their friendship had stood the test of time.
(C) Dr. Raman and Gopal never took dinner together.
(D) Their discussion was wide-ranging
Answer:
(C) Dr. Raman and Gopal never took dinner together.

Question 11.
Dr. Raman was __________.
(A) very punctual
(B) versatile
(C) very busy
(D) quite uncommon
Answer:
(C) very busy

Question 12.
Gopal’s son was ______________.
(A) reticent
(B) bold
(C) nervous
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)

Question 13.
Gopal has been confined to bed since ____________.
(A) 46 days
(B) more than two months
(C) a month and a half
(D) long
Answer:
(C) a month and a half

Question 14.
The person to treat Gopal first was _____________.
(A) Dr. Raman
(B) a friend of Gopal’s wife
(C) Gopal’s brother
(D) an unknown doctor
Answer:
(D) an unknown doctor

Question 15.
Dr. Raman started his friend’s treatment ______________.
(A) after a careful thought
(B) enthusiastically
(C) bravely
(D) promptly
Answer:
(D) promptly

Question 16.
The word ‘famished’ means ______________.
(A) tired
(B) enthused
(C) excited
(D) hungry
Answer:
(D) hungry

Question 17.
What made Gopal’s wife unbearable was _____________.
(A) Gopal’s critical illness
(B) Dr. Raman’s evasive reply to Gopal’s wife
(C) the doctor’s hunger
(D) his gaze on Gopal
Answer:
(B) Dr. Raman’s evasive reply to Gopal’s wife

Question 18.
“Sir, he will pull through.” What does the underlined expression mean?
(A) forget
(B) improve
(C) recover
(D) pass away
Answer:
(B) improve

Question 19.
Gopal’s slight recovery filled his family with _____________.
(A) relief
(B) delight
(C) gratitude to the doctor
(D) all the above
Answer:
(D) all the above

Question 20.
The sick man’s wife asked, “Is he out of danger ?” This indicates his wife’s
(A) stress
(B) nervousness
(C) restlessness
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) restlessness

Question 21.
To know Gopal’s latest condition was his wife’s __________.
(A) keen determination
(B) hope
(C) wish
(D) interest
Answer:
(A) keen determination

Question 22.
The bitter weeping of Gopal’s wife made Dr. Raman ____________.
(A) anxious
(B) vexed
(C) impatient
(D) confused
Answer:
(D) confused

Question 23.
The doctor advised the patient to _____________.
(A) sleep
(B) sit
(C) relax
(D) get up
Answer:
(C) relax

Question 24.
“Am I going ?” This means ___________.
(A) leaving
(B) interested to go to his house
(C) visiting
(D) facing death
Answer:
(D) facing death

Question 25.
The patient was ___________.
(A) desperate
(B) impatient
(C) panicky
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) desperate

Question 26.
“It was not in his nature to whitewash.” The underlined word means-
(A) rubbing
(B) cleaning
(C) not to tell a lie
(D) bluff
Answer:
(C) not to tell a lie

Question 27.
Gopal appealed to his friend to _______________.
(A) cure him
(B) save his family’s future
(C) tell the truth
(D) call in his wife
Answer:
(B) save his family’s future

Question 28.
He knew too well the family affairs and about those wolves. This means ________________.
(A) wild animals
(B) selfish persons
(C) ruthless people
(D) anti-social elements
Answer:
(D) anti-social elements

Question 29.
Dr. Raman’s act of telling the truth implies his-
(A) commitment to truth
(B) courage
(C) friend’s speedy recovery
(D) friend’s death
Answer:
(D) friend’s death

Question 30.
Dr. Raman resorts to deliberate falsehood ______________.
(A) for the sake of his friend
(B) without any delay
(C) for nothing
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) for the sake of his friend

Question 31.
What does “on one’s last legs” mean?
(A) Very sick
(B) Weak and about to die
(C) Not in one’s good health
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(B) Weak and about to die

Question 32.
When did people come to Dr. Raman?
(A) When the patient was very sick
(B) When the patient had almost no hope
(C) When the patient collapsed
(D) When the patient had recovered a little
Answer:
(B) When the patient had almost no hope

Question 33.
Why did Dr. Raman often burst out when he found the patient in his last breath?
(A) Why wasn’t he brought to him earlier
(B) Why was he taken to another doctor
(C) Why had the family members treated him wrong
(D) Why was his condition so serious
Answer:
(A) Why wasn’t he brought to him earlier

Question 34.
What was Dr. Raman’s visiting fee?
(A) Twenty rupees
(B) Twenty-five rupees
(C) Thirty rupees
(D) Thirty-five rupees
Answer:
(B) Twenty-five rupees

Question 35.
What fact did people like to avoid?
(A) That the patient had less hope
(B) That the visiting fees of Dr. Raman was high
(C) That Dr. Raman means death sentence
(D) That the patient couldn’t be saved no matter what
Answer:
(A) That the patient had less hope

Question 36.
The patient’s relatives always tried to avoid calling in Dr. Raman; for them there was something ___________ in the very association.
(A) serious
(B) unnecessary
(C) threatening
(D) shirking
Answer:
(C) threatening

Question 37.
So, when the big man came on the scene it was always__________.
(A) the last moment
(B) critical for the patient
(C) a quick decision to make
(D) late
Answer:
(C) a quick decision to make

Question 38.
What has long years of practice bred in the doctor?
(A) Experience to save lives
(B) A certain manner of rudeness
(C) A certain degree of kindness
(D) A certain curt of truthfulness
Answer:
(D) A certain curt of truthfulness

Question 39.
Why was the doctor’s opinion valued?
(A) For his experience
(B) For his kindness
(C) For him truthfulness
(D) For his expertise
Answer:
(C) For him truthfulness

Question 40.
Dr. Raman was not a mere doctor expressing an opinion but a /an ___________.
(A) judge pronouncing a verdict
(B) kind man helping patients
(C) expert saving lives
(D) experienced consultant
Answer:
(A) judge pronouncing a verdict

Question 41.
What did the patient’s life hang on?
(A) Dr. Raman’s experience
(B) Dr. Raman’s treatment
(C) Dr. Raman’s words
(D) Dr. Raman’s kindness
Answer:
(C) Dr. Raman’s words

Question 42.
What did Dr. Raman never believe?
(A) True words can save life
(B) Mere words can save life
(C) Agreeable words can save life
(D) God’s will can save life
Answer:
(C) Agreeable words can save life

Question 43.
Why did Dr. Raman think that it was not any of his business to provide unnecessary hope to the patients and their family?
(A) Because they would ultimately know the truth in few hours
(B) Because it was none of his business
(C) Because he was not that kind hearted
(D) Because it was not his duty to give people hope
Answer:
(A) Because they would ultimately know the truth in few hours

Question 44.
What would Dr. Raman do if he glimpsed the faintest sign of hope?
(A) Pause all other works and perform operation
(B) Do whatever he could to save the patient
(C) Give hope to the patient and his family
(D) Preapare to fight with death
Answer:
(B) Do whatever he could to save the patient

Introducing the Author
R. K. Narayan (1906-2001) is perhaps the most well-known Indian writer in English. Born in Madras, Narayan was educated in Mysore. He started writing in the nineteen thirties. His writing is set in an imaginary town called Malgudi and South Indian family life has seldom been so realistically portrayed as in his novels and short stories. Some of his famous works are Swami and Friends, The Man-Eater ofMalgudi, The Bachelor of Arts, Mr Sampath, The Astrologer’s Day, Waiting for the Mahatma etc. His novel The Guide was selected for the Sahitya Academy Award. Narayan has written a good number of short stories which are noted for their humour, pathos and mild satire. His style is simple and lucid. Walsh aptly remarks, “Narayan ’s fastidious art, blending exact realism, poetic myth, sadness, perception and gaiety are without precedent in literature in English and as far as one can see, without following. It is kind, but unsentimental, mocking but uncynical, profoundly Indian but distinctively individual. Itfascinates by reason of the substantial human nature which it implies and embodies. It carries along with it at every point, a kind of humour strange in English writing which mixes the melancholy and the amusing.”

About the Story
A doctor saves lives both with his skill and with his words. Soothing words of a doctor work wonders for a patient in a critical condition. Dr. Raman, a fictitious physician in the imaginary story, is a classic example. South Indian city of Malgudi is the microcosm for many of Narayansque stories. He is renowned for his diagnostic acumen and “certain curt truthfulness; for that very reason his opinion is valued; he is not a mere doctor expressing an opinion but a judge pronouncing a verdict.” When Dr. Raman is called upon to make a house call and subsequent operation on his dearest friend, Gopal, he faces a very difficult professional ethical dilemma. This story adroitly tackles truthfulness. This story’s concern is not only with professional ethics but also with the tension that often arrives when personal ethics and professional ethics intersect and conflict since it is clear that Dr. Raman violates his usual practice of truth-telling in the interest of his friendship. It is also a commentary on paternalism; Dr. Raman tells the patient’s wife and patient only what he wants them to hear since the truth as he perceives would be damaging to the patient’s outcome, a much censured notion known as “therapeutic privilege”. This story demonstrates the economy and grace with which expertly wrought fiction can capture and present for discussion important issues in (medical) ethics.

ବିଷୟ ସୂଚନା :
ଖରାପ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଜଣେ ରୋଗୀପାଇଁ ଜଣେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ସାନ୍ତନାମୂଳକ କଥାଗୁଡ଼ାକ ଚମତ୍କାର ଭାବେ କାମ କରେ । କାଳ୍ପନିକ କଥାବସ୍ତୁର ଡାକ୍ତର ଚରିତ୍ର ଡା. ରମଣ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଏହାର ଏକ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଉଦାହରଣ । ନାରାୟଣଙ୍କର ଗଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ହେଉଛି ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତୀୟ ସହର ମାଲ୍‌ଗୁଡ଼ି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ରୋଗର ସଠିକ କାରଣ ନିରୂପଣ କରିବା ଓ ଅପ୍ରିୟ ସତ୍ୟ କଥା କହିବା କାରଣରୁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ଅର୍ଜନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଅଧ୍ଵ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ସେ ଜଣେ ସାଧାରଣ ଡାକ୍ତରଭାବେ ନିଜର ମତାମତ ଶୁଣାଇନଥା’ନ୍ତି, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତିଭାବେ ରାୟ ଶୁଣାଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳର ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରିଛନ୍ତି, ସେ ଏକ ନୈତିକ ଦୃହରେ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଚତୁରତାର ସହ ସେହି ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟନ ଘଟିଛି । ଏଠାରେ ରମଣଙ୍କର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ନୈତିକତା ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ନୈତିକତା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବ ଉପୁଜିଛି ଏବଂ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ହିତ ପାଇଁ ନିତିଦିନିଆ ସତ କହିବାର ଅଭ୍ୟାସରୁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ବିଚ୍ୟୁତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଓ ରୋଗୀକୁ କେବଳ ତାଙ୍କ କଥା ଶୁଣିବାକୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି, ଯେହେତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତ ସତ୍ୟ ରୋଗୀର କ୍ଷତି ଘଟାଇପାରେ । ଏହି ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଭେଷଜ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଅନେକ ତତ୍ତ୍ଵ ନିଖୁଣ ଭାବରେ ଆଲୋଚନା

Summary
In the beginning, the writer, in his characteristic humorous vein, states that the patients visit Dr. Raman when they are hopeless, because of the latter’s visiting fee twenty-five rupees. He has long years of practice behind him. Dr. Raman is renowned for his diagnostic acumen and “certain curt truthfulness”. As a result, his opinion is given great importance. He is not a doctor in an ordinary sense. Dr. Raman is like a sort of judge who delivers a judgement. He saves life with his skill and never likes to say agreeable words. It is because the patient’s will to survive is what matters.

Dr. Raman is keen on saving the lives of his patients when he sees the slightest ray of hope. The writer describes the long-standing relationship between Dr. Raman and Gopal. The doctor comes to know about his friend’s illness from the latter’s son. He is called upon to visit Gopal’s house. The doctor finds his friend and patient in a critical condition. He learns that a “doctor in the next street”, a physician Raman does not know, is ‘ treating the patient. Without wasting time, he administers an injection to his patient. He does not respond to the query of Gopaks wife.

He minutely observes his patient who still remains motionless. He feels worried when he finds his bosom friend in a critical condition, but not hopeless. Skilful doctor as he is, Dr. Raman remains calm in an adverse situation like this. He performs an operation on his dearest friend Gopal. Evening sets in. Raman’s assistant’s joy knows no limit when he sees the patient in a better condition. He is enthusiastic about the patient’s recovery. The doctor gives his assistant a cold response. Although Gopal’s pulse has improved, this is not enough. He suffers from serious heart attack.

Dr. Raman knows that the night is crucial for his patient; he sits beside the latter and notices a slight improvement in his condition. Now the patient is in a state to take a little food. The household heaves a sigh of great relief. Everybody is happy. Overwhelmed with emotion, the family members profusely express their gratitude to the doctor. However, Raman sits silently, intensely looking at the patient’s- face. He is heedless of their words. The doctor’s reaction is evasive. When the wife asks him about her patient’s condition, he remains silent, but she is determined to know the truth. Her patience runs out. She cannot bear the suspense any more. The wife is anxious to know about the condition of her husband.

She requests him to tell the truth. The doctor expresses his inability to talk to her at the moment. His silence on the matter makes her weep bitterly. The patient looks in confusion. Gopal is very sick. He requests the doctor not to hide the truth. He is anxious about signing the will. The doctor’s effort to calm him goes in vain. Gopal requests truthful prognosis in order to settle his will and get rid of the never-ending misery for his wife and children that an unsettled will would entail. The doctor is aware of this realistic eventuality. Dr. Raman faces a very difficult professional dilemma.

He swims between personal ethics and professional ethics. If he reveals his pessimistic opinion, which he does to his assistant: ‘Gopal will not survive the night’, then it will virtually imply a death sentence. The inevitable will happen. His frankness will put an end to the slightest chance of the patient’s survival. Dr. Raman violates his usual practice of truth-telling in the interest of his forty year-old friendship. He does ‘a piece of acting’ and assures his friend and patient that he will survive. Gopal expresses his unflinching trust in the doctor’s statement. His words, “If it comes from your lips, it must be true” is a case in point. Gopal lives and Dr. Raman remarks to his assistant, “How he has survived this attack will be a puzzle to me all life.”

ସାରାଂଶ :
ଗଳ୍ପର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ଲେଖକ ବ୍ୟଙ୍ଗପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ରୋଗୀମାନେ ଆଶାଶୂନ୍ୟ ହେବା ପରେ ହିଁ ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସନ୍ତି, କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କର ରୋଗୀଦେଖା ଫିସ୍ ଥାଏ ୨୫ ଟଙ୍କା । ସେ ଜଣେ ବହୁ ଅନୁଭୂତିସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ଡାକ୍ତର । ତାଙ୍କର ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ରୋଗ ଚିହ୍ନିବାର ଦକ୍ଷତା ଓ ଅପ୍ରିୟ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ସତ୍ୟ କଥା କହିବା ପାଇଁ ସେ ଖ୍ୟାତି ଅର୍ଜନ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟକୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ଦିଆଯାଏ । ସେ ଜଣେ ସାଧାରଣ ଡାକ୍ତର ଭଳି ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ବିଚାରପତି ଭଳି ରାୟ ଶୁଣାନ୍ତି । ସେ ନିଜର ଦକ୍ଷତାକୁ ନେଇ ରୋଗୀର ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତି, ମାତ୍ର ଆଶ୍ଵାସନାବାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇବାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଆନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ।

ରୋଗୀଠାରେ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ବଞ୍ଚିବାର ଆଶା ଥିଲେ ସେ ତା’ର ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚାଇବାକୁ ଯତ୍‌ ପରୋନାସ୍ତି ଉଦ୍ୟମ କରନ୍ତି । ଲେଖକ ଏଠାରେ ଡା. ରମଣ ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ବହୁଦିନର ସମ୍ପର୍କକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଗୋପାଳର ପୁଅଠାରୁ ସେ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଗୋପାଳ ରୋଗଦ୍ଵାରା ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଗୋପାଳ ଘରକୁ ବୁଲିବାକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଗୁରୁତର ଥ‌ିବା ଦେଖନ୍ତି ।ସେ ତତ୍‌କ୍ଷଣାତ୍ ରୋଗୀକୁ ଏକ ଇନ୍‌ଜେକ୍‌ସନ୍ ଦିଅନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଗୋପାଳର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ନ ଦେଇ ରୋଗୀକୁ ତନ୍ନତନ୍ନ ଭାବେ ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରନ୍ତି । ସେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଓ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ନ୍ତି ।

କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହିପରି ଗୁରୁତର ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ସେ ଆଶା ହରାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେ ପ୍ରିୟବନ୍ଧୁ ଗୋପାଳ ଶରୀରରେ ଏକ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର କରନ୍ତି । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆଗତ ହୋଇଛି । ଡ. ରମଣଙ୍କର ସହକାରୀଜଣକ ଦେଖନ୍ତି ଯେ ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଘଟୁଛି । ତାଙ୍କର ଖୁସିର ସୀମା ରହେ ନାହିଁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଡା. ରମଣ କହନ୍ତି ଯେ ଯଦିଓ ଗୋପାଳଙ୍କର ନାଡ଼ିର ଗତିରେ ଉନ୍ନତି ଘଟିଛି, ତଥାପି ଏହା ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ନୁହେଁ । ଡା. ରମଣ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ରାତିଟି ତାଙ୍କ ରୋଗୀ ପାଇଁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାରଣ ସେ ଗୁରୁତର ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗରେ ପୀଡ଼ିତ । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ରୋଗୀଟି କିଛି ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଅବସ୍ଥାକୁ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି । ଘରର ଅଥଚ ଡା. ରମଣ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କର ମୁହଁକୁ ଚାହିଁ ଧୀରସ୍ଥିର ହୋଇ ବସିଥାଆନ୍ତି ।

ସେ ଘରର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର କୃତଜ୍ଞତାର ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି । ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କୁ ସତ୍ୟ କହିବାକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରନ୍ତି । ସେହି ସମୟରେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କର ନୀରବତା ରୋଗୀର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ମନରେ ବହୁତ ଆଘାତ ଦେଇଛି ଏବଂ ସେ ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ କାନ୍ଦିଛନ୍ତି । ରୋଗୀଟି ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ପଡ଼ି ଚାହିଁଛି । ଗୋପାଳ ବହୁତ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛି । ସେ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କୁ ସତ୍ୟ ହିଁ କହିବାପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛି । ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କୁ ସାନ୍ତନା ଦେଇପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଗୋପାଳ ବାରମ୍ବାର ସତ୍ୟ କହିବା ପାଇଁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିଛି ଯାହା ଫଳରେ ସେ ନିଜର ଇଚ୍ଛାପତ୍ର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରି ତାଙ୍କ ପରିବାରର ଚିରଦୁଃଖର ଅବସାନ ଘଟାଇପାରିବେ । ଏହି ବାସ୍ତବ ସତ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଡାକ୍ତର ସଚେତନ ଅଛନ୍ତି ।

ଏଠାରେ ଡାକ୍ତର ଏକ କଷ୍ଟକର ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବକୁ କିଭଳି ସାମନା କରିଛନ୍ତି ତାହା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ନୀତି ଏବଂ ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ନୀତି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦ୍ବନ୍ଦ୍ବରେ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେହି ରାତିରେ ଗୋପାଳ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରିବ । ଏହି ଧ୍ରୁବ ସତ୍ୟ ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଘଟିବ । ସେ ଯଦି ମୁକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବେ, ତେବେ ରୋଗୀର ବଞ୍ଚିବାର କ୍ଷୀଣ ଆଶାଟିକକ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯିବ । ଡାକ୍ତର ତାଙ୍କର ଚାଳିଶ ବର୍ଷର ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କର ହିତ ପାଇଁ ଏହିଭଳି ଦୃଢ଼ ଉକ୍ତିକୁ ଗୋପାଳ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିଛି । ଶେଷରେ ଗୋପାଳ ବଞ୍ଚିଯାଇଛି । ଡାକ୍ତର ରମଣ ତାଙ୍କର ସହଯୋଗୀଙ୍କୁ କହିଛନ୍ତି, ‘ରୋଗୀ କିପରି ଏହି ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିପାରିଲେ, ତାହା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଚିର ରହସ୍ୟମୟ ହୋଇ ରହିବ ।’’

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 The Nightingale and the Rose Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 2 The Nightingale and the Rose

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Nightingale and the Rose Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist:
The love-stricken young Student desperately longs for red roses, because the girl promises to dance with him on the condition he brings her these beautiful flowers, but he doesn’t find any red rose. He is sad. In a dance programme given by the Prince, the young Student will become lonely. His heart will bleed. The Nightingale, famous for her enchanting voice, hears him cry for the want of the girl, who is apparently his true love. She shares the feelings of the young Student. She feels the importance of love that comes from within, not from outside. The young man’s longing for a red rose grows intense, but in vain. He has no red rose to give the girl so as to enable her to dance with him. He weeps. A little Green Lizard and a Butterfly laugh at the weeping young Oxford boy. The Nightingale alone understands the mystery of Love.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପ୍ରେମପୀଡ଼ିତ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଜଣକ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ହୋଇଉଠିଛି କାରଣ ତା’ର ପ୍ରେମିକା ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କରିଛି ଯେ ଯଦି ଯୁବକଜଣକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦିଏ, ତେବେ ସେ ଏହି ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବକଙ୍କ ସହ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରିବେ । ସେ କୌଣସି ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ପାଆନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଦୁଃଖ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଯଦି ଯୁବତୀଜଣଙ୍କ ଆଉ କାହା ସହ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରିବେ, ତେବେ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ର ଜଣଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟ ରକ୍ତାକ୍ତ ହୋଇଯିବ । ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ଗୀତ ଓ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବକଙ୍କର ଦୁଃଖକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ସେହି ଯୁବତୀ ପ୍ରତି ଥ‌ିବା ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମକୁ ଜାଣିପାରନ୍ତି । ସେ ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମିକର ପ୍ରେମକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି । ସତ୍ ପ୍ରେମ ହୃଦୟ ଭିତରୁ ଆସିଥାଏ, ହୃଦୟ ବାହାରୁ ନୁହେଁ । ଯେହେତୁ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ସେହି ଯୁବତୀଙ୍କୁ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ନ ଥିଲା, ତେଣୁ ସେ କାନ୍ଦିଛନ୍ତି । ଝିଟିପିଟି ଓ ପ୍ରଜାପତି ଏହି ଭାବକୁ ବୁଝିନପାରି ଥଟ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପ୍ରେମର ଏହି ରହସ୍ୟକୁ ବୁଝିପାରିଛି ।

Glossary :
nest : ବସା
wondered : ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହେଲେ
entire: ସମଗ୍ର
wretched: miserable (ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ)
passion: ଆବେଗ
pale: ମଳିନ
brow: କପାଳ
murmured: ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ କହିଲା
lean: incline (ଆଉଜିବା)
my heart will break: my sorrow will know no end (ମୋ ହୃଦୟ ବିଦୀର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହେବ)
precious: valuable (ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍)
emerald: ମୋତି
dearer: morecostly ( ଅଧ୍ଵମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍)
opal: ରତ୍ନପଥର
pearl: ମୁକ୍ତା
pomegranate: ଡାଳିମ୍ବ
weigh: measure (ମାପିବା)
in exchange of : ବଦଳରେ
play upon: ଉପରେ ଖେଳ
string: ତାର
harp: ବୀଣା
violin: ବେହେଲା
stringed instruments: ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର
lightly: ହାଲୁକା ଭାବରେ
gay: (here) beautiful (ସୁନ୍ଦର)
throng: ଘେରିଯିବେ
Flung: threw (ପକାଇଦେଲା)
buried: ଘୋଡ଼ାଇ ପକାଇଲା
wept: କାନ୍ଦିଲା
fluttering: ଡେଣା ଫଡ଼ଫଡ଼ କରି
sunbeam : ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟାଲୋକ
ridiculous : ହାସ୍ୟାସ୍ପଦ
secret of sorrow: ଦୁଃଖର ରହସ୍ୟ
mystery of Love: ପ୍ରେମର ରହସ୍ୟ

Think it out

Question 1.
Why does the young student pine for a red rose?
Answer:
The Professor’s daughter requests specifically a red rose from the love stricken young student for the sake of dancing with him. Only with the flower the girl will respond to his request for love. But the young student finds no red rose in his garden. His happiness is linked with this beautiful flower. Therefore, the young student pines for a red rose.

Question 2.
Why does the nightingale admire the young student?
Answer:
The young student plunges into sorrow, because he does not find a red rose for the Professor’s daughter whom he loves deeply. She requests specifically a red rose from him as a token of true love. But he is hopeless. He visualises a radiant dream of the girl dancing with him, if he brings her red rose. Without it his dream will collapse like a house of cards. He will be lonely. The nightingale understands the feelings of the forlorn lover and therefore, admires the young student.

Question 3.
How does the nightingale wonder at the mystery of love?
Answer:
The nightingale wonders at the mystery of love to see the sight of a weeping young student. He is grief-sticken because he cannot get a red rose for the Professor’s daughter whom he loves deeply. His happiness depends on this beautiful flower. There is no red rose in his garden. Frustrating thoughts flood into his mind. Deprived of a red rose, he visualises a painful picture of his loneliness.

Unit – II

Gist:
Moved by the young student’s sorrow, the nightingale wishes to find a red rose as a gift for him. Suddenly, she flies high into the air and catch sight of a beautiful Rose-treein the centre of a lawn. She asks it for a rose, but in vain, because its garden is full of white roses. Therefore, the Rose-tree instructs her to go to his brother who grows below the student’s window. The nightingale magnificently responds to his advice. She reaches the destination and appeals to the Rose-tree to give her a red rose. To her great sorrow, she learns that the biting winter has destroyed the buds of all red roses, but the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door agrees to give her a red rose by singing to him throughout the night with her breast against a thorn. Besides, the thorn should penetrate her heart. At last the life-blood will be in its veins, eventually resulting the birth of red rose. Instead of being disheartened, the nightingale decides to get a red rose at the cost of her life, for she thinks that nothing is so supreme as love. Life loses its luster before it.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ନ ପାଇ ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ଯୁବକର ଦୁଃଖଦ୍ଵାରା ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ ହୋଇ ଏକ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପର ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନରେ ଉପରକୁ ଉଡ଼ିଯାଇଛି । ସେ ଏକ ବଗିଚାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛ ଥ‌ିବାର ଦେଖିଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ଦୁଃଖର ବିଷୟ ସେହି ଗଛରେ କୌଣସି ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ନାହିଁ । ସେଥୁରେ କେବଳ ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପ ଅଛି । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଗଛଟି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌କୁ ସେହି ଯୁବକ ରହୁଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠର ଝରକା ତଳେ ଥିବା ତା’ର ଭାଇ ପାଖକୁ ଯାଇ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଆଣିବାପାଇଁ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଇଛି । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ସେହି ଅନୁସାରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଛି । ସେ ସେଠାରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଗଛକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛି । ସେ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛି ଯେ ଅସହ୍ୟ ଶୀତ ହେତୁ ସବୁ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପର କଢ଼ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେହି ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛଟି ଗୋଟିଏ ସର୍ଭରେ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପଟିଏ ଦେବାକୁ ରାଜି ହୋଇଛି । ଯଦି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ଟି ସାରା ରାତି ନିଜର ହୃଦୟକୁ ଏକ ଗୋଲାପ କଣ୍ଟାରେ ବିଦ୍ଧ କରି ଗୀତ ଗାଏ, ତେବେ ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବ । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ର ହୃଦୟରୁ କ୍ଷରିତ ରକ୍ତରେ ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପଟି ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପରେ ପରିଣତ ହେବ ।ଏଥ‌ିରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ରାଜି ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ପାଇଁ ନିଜ ଜୀବନକୁ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିଛି । କାରଣ ସେ ଭାବିଛି ପ୍ରେମଠାରୁ କିଛି ବି ଅଧିକ ନୁହେଁ । ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମ ଆଗରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜୀବନ ତା’ର ଗୌରବ ହରାଇ ବସେ ।

Glossary :
wings: ଡେଣା
flight: ଉଡ଼ାଣ
soared: ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱଗାମୀ
spray: a very small branch of a tree (ଗଛର ଏକ ଛୋଟ ଡାଳ)
beneath: ତଳେ
shook head
coral: ପ୍ରବାଳ
redder : ଅଧ୍ଵ ଲାଲ୍
Nipped: destroyed (ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦେଲା)
bud: କଢ଼ି|କଢ଼
terrible: ଭୟଙ୍କର
dare: ସାହସ କରିବା
stain: paint (ରଙ୍ଗ କରିବା)
price: cost (ମୂଲ୍ୟ)
Yet Love …. Life: The writer gives more importance to Love than Life.

Think it out

Question 1.
What does the nightingale do to get a red rose?
Answer:
The nightingale is moved to pity because of the young student’s sorrow. She wishes to find a red rose as a gift for him. She asks nearly everywhere for this beautiful flower. She flies high and in the course of her flight, the nightingale notices a beautiful Rose-tree in the midst of the lawn. The bird requests him to give her a red rose in exchange of her sweetest song, but in vain, because the roses in the tree are white. Again, in accordance with his suggestion, the nightingale flies over to the Rosetree beneath the student’s window. Here her request for a red rose meets with a tough test.

Question 2.
How does the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door agree to give her a red rose?
Answer:
In response to her request for a red rose, the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door demands a high price from the nightingale. As winter has destroyed his buds, she should place her heart closer to the thorn. In other words, she is required to pinch her own heart against the thorn of a white rose to turn it red with her own blood. In this way, the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door agrees to give her a red rose.

Question 3.
Why does the nightingale decide to pet a red rose at the cost of her life?
Answer:
The Rose-tree agrees to give the nightingale a red rose, provided she sings throughout the night, pressing her heart against the thorn and the white rose will turn red with her own blood. It means her ultimate sacrifice. The nightingale thinks that nothing is as precious as Love and she will pay a heavy price for a red rose. Nevertheless, Love is supreme, Life is inferior to it. The nightingale understands the importance of the love of the young student and hence decides to get it at the cost of her life.

Unit – III

Gist:
The nightingale comes near the miserable young student and promises to bring him a red rose by creating it out of music by moonlight and colouring a white rose into red by using her own blood, but she wants an assurance from him in return that he will a true lover, because to her Love is superior to Philosophy and Power. Her words makes him confused. The young student fails to understand anything. But the oak-tree understands everything. He appeals to the bird to sing him one last melodious song. The bird responds to it in an instant. The nightingale goes on her mission. The oak tree is now lonely and sad. The young student doubts her feelings. He identifies the nightingale with most artists who are stylish, but not sincere. She does not understand the language of sacrifice. Music is her life. Her voice sounds melodious. He expresses pity for the nightingale. Her songs are meaningless. They lack practical value. These are the student’s feelings about the nightingale which he writes in his note-book.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀଟି ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡ଼ିଥ‌ିବା ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ଆସିଛି ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବାର ପ୍ରତିଶ୍ରୁତି ଦେଇଛି । ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରବିଧୌତ ରଜନୀରେ ଚମତ୍କାର ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରି ନିଜର ରକ୍ତରେ ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପକୁ ଲାଲ୍ କରିଦେବାକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେ ପ୍ରତିଶ୍ରୁତିବଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଛି ।ଏହା ବଦଳରେ ଯୁବକଜଣକ ଜଣେ ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମିକ ହେବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ, କାରଣ ପ୍ରେମ ହେଉଛି ଦର୍ଶନ ଓ କ୍ଷମତାଠାରୁ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଯୁବକ ପ୍ରେମିକଜଣକ କିଛି ବୁଝିପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଓଗଛ ପକ୍ଷୀଟିକୁ ଏକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବାପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛି । ସେ ମଧ୍ୟ ତତ୍‌କ୍ଷଣାତ୍ ଗାଇଛି । ଓକ୍ ଗଛ ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛି ଏବଂ ଏକାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଜଣକ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗର ଭାଷାକୁ ବୁଝିପାରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ସେ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପାଇଁ ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ତା’ର ଗୀତଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ଓ ସେଥ‌ିରେ ବାସ୍ତବତାର ମୂଲ୍ୟବୋଧ ନାହିଁ । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ ପ୍ରତି ଏହି ମନୋଭାବକୁ ଯୁବକଜଣକ ତା’ର ଟିପାଖାତାରେ ଲେଖି ରଖିଛନ୍ତି ।

Glossary:
still: ତଥାପି
lying: ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା
you …. rose: The nightingale promises to bring the young student a red rose.
whispered: ଆସ୍ତେ ଆସ୍ତେ କହିବା
lonely : ଏକୁଟିଆ
bubbling: ପାଣି ଫୁଟିବା ଶବ୍ଦ
stain: ବିଦ୍ଧ କରିବା
mightier: more powerful (ଅଧିକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ)
heart’s blood: ହୃଦୟର ରକ୍ତ
honey: ମହୁ
pull: ଟାଣି ଆଣିବା
sacrifice: ବଳିଦାନ
fell asleep: ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା

Think it out

Question 1.
What does the nightingale expect from the student in exchange of a red rose?
Answer:
The nightingale is ready to give a red rose to the student, but she wants an assurance from him in exchange: He should be a true lover. The reason is not far to seek. Philosophy, she says, is not as wise as Love, and Love is more forceful than Power.

Question 2.
What does the student write about the nightingale in his notebook?
Answer:
The young student fails to understand anything from the nightingale’s words. He doubts her feelings. He identifies the nightingale with most artists who are stylish, but not sincere. She does not understand the language of sacrifice. Music is her life. Her voice sounds melodious. Her songs are meaningless. They lack practical value. He expresses pity for the nightingale. These are the student’s feelings about the nightingale which he writes in his note-book.

Unit – IV

Gist:
The nightingale flies to the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door when the moon shines in heavens. Pinching her own heart against the thorn of the Rose-tree, she keeps on singing throughout the night. As the night advances, the tree appeals to the bird to come closer against the thorn, because the red rose will bloom before the advent of the day. As a believer of true and eternal love, she tries her best to respond the tree’s persistent call to press closer and closer to the thorn. At last, the inevitable happens. The bird turns the white rose red with her own blood. In other words, the red rose appears. The nightingale suffers a lot. She offers her life as an ultimate sacrifice in the name of love that the student feels for the Professor’s daughter.

ସାରମର୍ମ:
ଛାତ୍ରଟିର ଝରକାତଳେ ବଢୁଥିବା ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛ ପାଖକୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ଟି ଉଡ଼ିଯାଇଛି । ଆକାଶରେ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଉଦିତ ହୋଇଛି । ଏକ ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପର କଣ୍ଟାରେ ନିଜର ହୃଦୟକୁ ବିଦ୍ଧ କରି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ରାତିସାରା ଗୀତ ଗାଇଛି । ରାତି ବଢ଼ିବଢ଼ି ଚାଲିଛି । ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛଟି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌କୁ କଣ୍ଟା ଦେହରେ ଅଧ୍ଵ ଚାପି ହୋଇଯିବାକୁ ନିବେଦନ କରିଛି । କାରଣ ଦିନ ହେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଟି ସାରିଥିବା ଦରକାର । ଯେହେତୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଚିରନ୍ତନ ପ୍ରେମରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରେ, ତେଣୁ ସେ ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛର କଥାନୁସାରେ ସେହି କଣ୍ଟା ନିକଟକୁ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଲାଗିଯାଇଛି । ଶେଷରେ ସତ୍ୟର ହିଁ ପ୍ରକଟ ଘଟିଛି । ପକ୍ଷୀଟି ସେହି ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପକୁ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିଦେଇଛି । ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପର ଆବିର୍ଭାବ ହୋଇଛି । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ବହୁତ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ପାଇଛି । ପ୍ରେମ ପାଇଁ ସେ ଜୀବନ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିଛି।

Glossary:
heavens: ଆକାଶ
ebbed away: finished (ଶେଷ ହୋଇଗଲା)
marvellous: very beautiful ସୁନ୍ଦର )
petal: ପତ୍ରକ
maid: ଝିଅ
delicate:ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ
flush: ଝଲକ
press: put pressure (ଚାପ ଦେବା)
bitter: ତୀବ୍ର
thorn: କଣ୍ଟା
Love ….. tomb : Love isdeathless.(ପ୍ରେମର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ନାହିଁ ।)
fainter: ମୂର୍ଚ୍ଛିତ
choking: ରୁଦ୍ଧ ହୋଇଯିବା
ecstasy: great delight (ପରମ ଆନନ୍ଦ)
the Nightingale .. answer: The nightingale was dead.

Think it out

Question 1.
What does the nightingale do to get a red rose?
Answer:
To get a red rose the nightingale flies to the Rose-tree growing beneath the student’s door when the moon shines in the heavens. She presses her heart closer and closer to the thorn of the Rose-tree, singing throughout the night. As the night advances, the thorn pierces her heart more and more, and her life-blood exists no more.

Question 2.
What kind of songs does the nightingale sing?
Answer:
At first the nightingale sings of the emergence of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. There is no end to her song. With the advancement of night, she sings of the birth of passion that arises in the soul of both man and woman. The last song the nightingale sings is the song of Love that knows no death. In other words, the bird lastly sings the song of Love that defies space and time.

Question 3.
What is the effect of each song?
Answer:
The effect of the nightingale’s song is amazing. At first the nightingale sings of love in the heart of a boy and a girl putting her heart against the thorn and there blossoms a marvellous rose, petal after petal oh the top-most branch of the Rose-tree. When the nightingale sings of the birth of passion that emerges in the soul of man and woman in a louder voice, a delicate flush comes into the leaves of the rose. At last when the nightingale sings the song of Love in a faint voice the marvelous rose becomes crimson.

Unit – V

Gist :
It is noon. To his stunned disbelief the student sees the most beautiful red rose in his life. He hurriedly goes to the Professor’s home with the rose in his hand. Now with the reddest rose in the world at the disposal of the Professor’s daughter, the young student has a radiant vision of the night. They will dance together that night when he will express how deeply he loves her. Here is a dramatic twist in the story. The girl finds the red rose almost insulting, because she prefers jewels and gifts. Moreover, the boy, far from suffering her ingratitude, proves to be ungrateful to himself by tossing the flower aside and declaring that Logic is greater than Love.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହା ଥିଲା ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ସମୟ । ନିତାନ୍ତ ଅବିଶ୍ଵାସ୍ୟ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ହେଁ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଜଣକ ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନରେ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଲାଲ୍‌ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲଟିଏ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେହି ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲଟିକୁ ଧରି ସେ ପ୍ରଫେସରଙ୍କ ଝିଅ ନିକଟକୁ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ସେହି ତରୁଣୀଙ୍କ ହାତ ପାହନ୍ତାରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଛି । ଯୁବକଜଣଙ୍କ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ଏକ ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ହସ ଫୁଟି ଉଠିଛି । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଏକାଠି ନୃତ୍ୟ କରିବେ ସେ ତା’ର ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବ ବୋଲି ଭାବିଛି । ମାତ୍ର ନାଟକୀୟ ଢଙ୍ଗରେ ଏଠାରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟିଛି । ଯୁବତୀଜଣକ ଏହି ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପକୁ ଅପମାନଜନକ ମନେ କରିଛି । ସେ ଚାହିଁଛି ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଓ ଉପହାର । ଯୁବକଜଣକ ନିଜ ପ୍ରେମିକାକୁ ଅକୃତଜ୍ଞ ମନେ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପକୁ ରାସ୍ତାକୁ ଫୋପାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ରକୁ ପ୍ରେମଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ମହତ୍ତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୋଲି ଘୋଷଣା କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

Glossary:
wonderful piece of luck! : ଭାଗ୍ୟର ଅପୂର୍ବ ଅଂଶ
leaned down : ତଳକୁ ଓହ୍ଲାଇଲା
plucked: ତୋଳିଲା
put on : wear (ପିନ୍ଧିବା)
frowned: ରାଗରେ ଗର୍ଜନ କଲା
Ungrateful: ଅକୃତଜ୍ଞ
cart-wheel: ଶଗଡ଼ ଚକ
rude: harsh (ନିର୍ଭୟ)
Logic: ତର୍କଶାସ୍ତ୍ର
dusty: dirty (ମଇଳା)
Metaphysics: ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଶାସ୍ତ୍ର

Think it out

Question 1.
What does the student do with the red rose?
Answer:
The student goes to the Professor’s house with the red rose. He hands over the gift to the Professor’s daughter whom he loves deeply. The student wants the girl to dance with him that night, because in response to her request, he has given her the reddest rose in the world.

Question 2.
How does the Professor’s daughter respond to the student’s gift of the red rose?
Answer:
The Professor’s daughter flatly rejects the student’s gift of the red rose. She finds it almost insulting, since she prefers jewels and gifts. These are more expensive than flowers. The vain daughter of die Professor accuses the student of being harsh and ungrateful. She treats him with contempt. To his shocked disbelief, she rises from the chair and enters the house.

Question 3.
Why does the student return to his books?
Answer:
The Professor’s daughter discards the student’s gift of the red rose. As a result, he is in a rage. He suffers the anguish of the girl’s ingratitude and throws the red rose into the street, with a passing cart run wer it. The student realizes that it was all caprice on his part. He declares that Logic is greater than Love, because the latter is quite deceptive. In his view, in this crude age, to be practical matters most. Hence the student returns to his books.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Nightingale and the Rose Important Questions and Answers

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The student ________ a red rose.
(A) asked for
(B) ran after
(C) scrambled for
(D) panged in
Answer:
(D) panged in

Question 2.
In the student, the nightingale finds a _________.
(A) brilliant scholar
(B) a mad young boy
(C) true lover
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) true lover

Question 3.
The nightingale sings of love ___________.
(A) off and on
(B) in a state of melancholy
(C) heedless of the external world
(D) for nights together
Answer:
(D) for nights together

Question 4.
Love is _________.
(A) nice
(B) precious
(C) wonderful
(D) both (B) and (C)
Answer:
(B) precious

Question 5.
The butterfly and lizard __________ the student’s weeping for a red rose.
(A) look down
(B) looked down upon
(C) laughed at
(D) jeered
Answer:
(C) laughed at

Question 6.
The young student’s sorrow moved the nightingale to –
(A) tears
(B) pity
(C) excitement
(D) commitment
Answer:
(A) tears

Question 7.
The response of the first rose-tree to the nightingale’s appeal for a red rose was _________.
(A) negative
(B) positive
(C) ray of hope
(D) evasive
Answer:
(A) negative

Question 8.
The word ‘ nipped’ means ___________.
(A) plucked
(B) cut
(C) destroyed
(D) killed
Answer:
(C) destroyed

Question 9.
The condition set by the rose-tree growing beneath the student’s window to give the nightingale a red rose was ___________.
(A) ridiculous
(B) serious
(C) a very tough
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) a very tough

Question 10.
The nightingale’s decision to get a red rose sacrificing her life is attributed to _________.
(A) supremacy of love over life
(B) her adoration of love
(C) her sympathy for the student
(D) her attachment to the student
Answer:
(A) supremacy of love over life

Question 11.
The boy’s beautiful eyes gave a sign of _____________.
(A) hope
(B) strength
(C) sadness
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) sadness

Question 12.
The tone of the nightingale is one of ___________.
(A) disillusionment
(B) certainty
(C) doubt
(D) assurance
Answer:
(D) assurance

Question 13.
The boy felt that the nightingale’s words are ____________.
(A) pragmatic
(B) absurd
(C) theoretical
(D) emotional
Answer:
(C) theoretical

Question 14.
The nightingale responded to the oak tree’s request for singing her last song for him ___________.
(A) sentimentally
(B) affirmatively
(C) sorrowfully
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) affirmatively

Question 15.
The student always thinks of __________.
(A) reading books
(B) the nightingale
(C) artists
(D) love
Answer:
(D) love

Question 16.
Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) The nightingale sings for nights.
(B) It is a moon-lit night.
(C) At last, the nightingale sings the origin of love in the heart of a boy and a girl.
(D) Her life-blood becomes thicker
Answer:
(B) It is a moon-lit night.

Question 17.
Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The nightingale’s heart is away from the thorn.
(B) She sings on and on.
(C) At first, the rose petal looks pale.
(D) The nightingale obeys the words of the rose-tree.
Answer:
(A) The nightingale’s heart is away from the thorn.

Question 18.
With the nightingale’s song grow louder and louder, her song becomes more and more __________.
(A) melodious
(B) monotonous
(C) about the source of passion in the soul of a man and a maid
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) about the source of passion in the soul of a man and a maid

Question 19.
The nightingale sings of love that is __________.
(A) timeless
(B) ephemeral
(C) transparent
(D) all of these
Answer:
(A) timeless

Question 20.
The nightingale’s life is marked by ___________.
(A) pain
(B) pleasure
(C) futility
(D) sacrifice
Answer:
(D) sacrifice

Question 21.
The rose the student sees is the most __________.
(A) fragrant
(B) alluring
(C) repulsive
(D) beautiful and the reddest
Answer:
(D) beautiful and the reddest

Question 22.
The Professor’s daughter discarded the student’s gift of red rose _________.
(A) reluctantly
(B) thoughtfully
(C) outright
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) outright

Question 23.
She epitomises ___________.
(A) determination
(B) vanity
(C) ingratitude
(D) both (A) and (B)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (B)

Question 24.
At last, the student realises that love stands for _____________.
(A) all that is beautiful
(B) perfection
(C) foolishness
(D) nobility
Answer:
(C) foolishness

Question 25.
He reconciles himself to life’s __________.
(A) problems
(B) frustration
(C) unfulfillment
(D) reality
Answer:
(D) reality

Introducing the Author :
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was a gifted British poet, playwright, novelist and short story writer from Ireland. He associated himself with the literary movement of his time called aestheticism which defined the nature and purpose of art as an independent form free from any moral consideration. ‘Art never expresses anything but itself,’ wrote Wilde and in this view he has had his followers. His own poems, written accordingly, were a mixture of verbal felicity and affected sentiment. His well-known works include the comedy, The Importance of Being Earnest, the novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, now filmed, and a number of short stories. Wilde was a brilliant conversationalist and his plays abound in smart brilliant dialogue. Today Wilde is best remembered for his short stories, which are available in volumes like The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888) and A House of pomegranates (1891). Like all other writings of the author, the stories are marked by ‘sparkling wit, an eye for humorous situations, and an insight into human nature’. Among the stories there is a bundle of engaging tales meant for children. They describe in a simple and somewhat fairy tale fashion some meaningful happenings which contain a striking blend of truth and wisdom.

About the Story :
The main theme of Oscar Wilde’s short story “The Nightingale and the Rose” explores the effects of self-sacrifice in the name of what one truly believes in. As the title suggests, the Nightingale is the main character of the short story. The bird offers her life as an ultimate sacrifice in the name of love, thinking that this would have made a difference in the life of a student. Her sacrifice goes in vain.

“The Nightingale and the Rose” ଗଳ୍ପରେ ଜଣେ ନିଜର ଏକାନ୍ତ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ନିମନ୍ତେ ଜୀବନ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିବାର ଫଳାଫଳ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରାଯାଇଛି । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଏହି ଗଛର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଚରିତ୍ର । ପ୍ରେମର ଚିରନ୍ତନତାକୁ ବଜାୟ ରଖିବା ପାଇଁ ପକ୍ଷୀଟି ତା’ର ଜୀବନକୁ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିଛି । ସେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିଛି ଯେ ଛାତ୍ରଟିର ଜୀବନରେ ଏହା ଏକ ଭିନ୍ନ ଅବସ୍ଥା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବ । କିନ୍ତୁ ତା’ର ଚରମ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ ବିଫଳତାରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ହୋଇଛି ।

Summary :
The Professor’s daughter is the young Oxford student’s true love. She is ready to dance with him if he brings her a red rose. The Student feels sad, because there is no red rose in the garden. The Nightingale hears the young man’s pine for a red rose. In him the bird sees a ‘true lover’. The young Student visualises his state of loneliness without dancing with the girl he loves. The sight of her darling with others will bring him a deepening frustration.

The absence of a red rose torments him. The young Student’s love makes the Nightingale think how she sings song of love for nights together. She profuses, praises love which is a wonderful thing, more valuable than any other and costlier than fine opals. Love she says, is priceless. The Nightingale admires the young student for his painful love. The sight of the weeping young Student for a red rose has no effect on a little Green Lizard and Butterfly. They don’t share his sorrow.

To them, the student’s eagerness for a red rose appears ridiculous. But the Nightingale understands his secret. She wonders at the mystery of love. The Nightingale is moved to pity by the young Student’s sorrow. She wishes to find a red rose as a gift for him. She leaves the Oak-tree in search of it. While flying higher, she catches sight of a beautiful Rose-tree and requests it to give her a red rose in exchange of her beautiful song.

To the Nightingale’s disappointment, the tree states that its roses are white. But the Nightingale find a ray of hope, when the Rose-tree wants her to go to his brother that grows beneath the student’s window. The bird flies over to the Tree and appeals for a red rose, but in vain. In spite of growing red roses, they have now turned into white ones. The biting winter has destroyed its buds. Storm has wrecked havoc.
The Nightingale still asks the Tree for a red rose. It succumbs to her will. The Tree is ready to give her a red rose, if she sings to it throughout the night with her breast against the thorn. Her life-blood will turn the white rose into a red one. The Nightingale is ready to sacrifice her life for the sake of love.

Brimming with joy, the bird meets the love-stricken young Student and promises him to bring him a red rose. But she wants an assurance from him in return. He will be a true lover. He listens, but cannot make out what the Nightingale is saying. But the Oak-tree understands, feels sad. He wants the bird to sing him one last song, for he will be lonely without her. Soon after the completion of her song, the Student writes about the bird’s music, style, her lack of sincerity and sacrifice for others in his note book.

The Nightingale flies to the Rose-tree growing beneath the Student’s window when the moon shines in the heavens. She believes in true and eternal love. She pinches her own heart against the thorn of the Rose-tree and turns it red with her own blood. She sacrifices her life in the name of love. It is noon. The Student’s delight knows no bound at the sight of a beautiful red rose. He meets the Professor’s daughter with it, but she rejects the rose and in turn, the Student throws the red rose away in the gutter, with a passing cart running over it. The Nightingale’s ultimate sacrifice for the cause of true love goes in vain.

ସାରାଂଶ :
ଅକ୍‌ସଫୋର୍ଡର ଜଣେ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ର ପ୍ରେମ କରନ୍ତି ପ୍ରଫେସରଙ୍କର ଝିଅକୁ । ଯଦି ସେ ପ୍ରେମିକାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲ ଆଣିବେ, ତେବେ ତରୁଣୀ ପ୍ରେମିକା ତାଙ୍କ ସଙ୍ଗେ ନୃତ୍ୟ ପରିବେଷଣ କରିବ ବୋଲି ସର୍ଭ ରଖୁଛି ।ରଖୁଛି । ଛାତ୍ରଟି ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଛି କାରଣ ସେହି ବଗିଚାରେ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ମିଳିନାହିଁ । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ପାଇବାପାଇଁ ଯୁବକର ବ୍ୟାକୁଳତା ଜାଣିପାରେ । ସେହି ଯୁବକଙ୍କଠାରେ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଦେଖେ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମିକର ପ୍ରତିମୂର୍ତ୍ତି ।

ନିଜ ପ୍ରେମିକା ଯୁବତୀଙ୍କ ସହିତ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରିନପାରିବାର ଏକାନ୍ତ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ଅବସ୍ଥା ବିଷୟରେ ଯୁବଛାତ୍ରଜଣକ ଭାବିଛି । ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରିୟ ପ୍ରେୟସୀ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣଙ୍କ ସହ ନୃତ୍ୟ କରିବା ସେ ଆଦୌ ସହ୍ୟ କରିପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ ପ୍ରତି ବିତୃଷ୍ଣା ଆସିଯାଏ । ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ନ ପାଇ ସେ ମାନସିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ପାଆନ୍ତି । ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କର ପ୍ରେମକୁ ଦେଖି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଭାବେ ସେ କିଭଳି ରାତି ରାତି ଧରି ପ୍ରେମର ଗୀତ ଗାଇଥାଏ । ସେ ଭାବେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରେମ । ପ୍ରେମ ଆଗରେ ସବୁ ଜିନିଷ ତୁଚ୍ଛ । ପ୍ରେମର ମୂଲ୍ୟ କେହି ଦେଇପାରିବେ ନାହିଁ । ଏହି ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାଦାୟକ ପ୍ରେମ ପାଇଁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଯୁବକଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କରିଛି । ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲ ପାଇବାପାଇଁ ଯୁବ- ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କର କ୍ରନ୍ଦନର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଏକ ଛୋଟ ନୀଳବର୍ଣ୍ଣର ଝିଟିପିଟି ପ୍ରଜାପତି କିଛି ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନେ ଯୁବକଙ୍କର ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଗିଦାର ହୋଇପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଛାତ୍ରଟିର ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ପାଇବାର ଆକାଂକ୍ଷାକୁ ସେମାନେ ପରିହାସ କରନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ବୁଝେ ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବକ ମନରେ ଲୁକ୍‌କାୟିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ପ୍ରେମର ଆସରକୁ । ପ୍ରେମର ରହସ୍ୟକୁ ଦେଖୁ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।

ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କର ଦୁଃଖରେ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ । ସେ ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବକଙ୍କୁ ଉପହାର ଭାବେ ଏକ ଲାଲ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ଇଚ୍ଛା କରେ । ସେ ସେହି ଓକ୍ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଛାଡ଼ି ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପର ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନରେ ଚାଲିଯାଏ । ଉପରେ ଉଡ଼ି ଉଡ଼ି ଯାଉଥ‌ିବା ସମୟରେ ସେ ଦେଖେ ଏକ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛ ଯାହାକୁ ସେ ତା’ର ସୁନ୍ଦର ଗୀତ ବଦଳରେ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଗୋଲାପ ବୃକ୍ଷଟି କହେ ତା’ପାଖରେ କେବଳ ଧଳା ଗୋଲାପ ଅଛି । ଏହା ଶୁଣି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ମନ ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼େ । ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ମନରେ ଆଶାର ଆଲୋକ ସଞ୍ଚାର ହୁଏ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେହି ଗୋଲାପ ବୃକ୍ଷଟି କହେ ତା’ର ଭାଇ ଯିଏକି ସେହି ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବକଙ୍କର ଝରକାତଳେ ଅଛି, ତା’ ପାଖରେ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଅଛି । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ ସେହି ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛ ପାଖକୁ ଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସଫଳ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ । ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛଟି କହେ ଯେ ତା’ର ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଧଳା ହୋଇଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଭୀଷଣ ଥଣ୍ଡା ଏହାର କଢ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦେଇଛି । ଝଡ଼ ସବୁ ଧ୍ବଂସ କରିଦେଇଛି ।

ତଥାପି ମଧ୍ୟ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ପାଇବାପାଇଁ ଗଛଟିକୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛି । ଗଛଟି କହିଛି ଯେ ସେ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଦେବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ; ଯଦି ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ରାତିସାରା ତା’ର କଣ୍ଟାକୁ ଛାତିରେ ଲଗାଇ ରଖି ଗୀତ ଗାଇବ । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ଠାରୁ ଝରିତ ଲାଲ ରକ୍ତ ସେହି ଧଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପକୁ ଲାଲ୍ କରିଦେବ । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମ ପାଇଁ ତା’ର ଜୀବନକୁ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହୋଇଛି ।
ଖୁସିରେ ଆତ୍ମହରା ହୋଇ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ସେହି ପ୍ରେମିକ ଯୁବ-ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ ଯାଇଛି ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲ ଆଣିଦେବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା କରିଛି । କିନ୍ତୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ଚାହେଁ ଯୁବକଜଣକ ଜଣେ ସଚ୍ଚା ପ୍ରେମିକ ହୁଅନ୍ତୁ । ସେ ଶୁଣନ୍ତି, କିନ୍ତୁ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ କ’ଣ କହୁଛି କିଛି ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଓକ୍ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛି । ସେ ଚାହିଁଛି ପକ୍ଷୀଟି ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଶେଷ ଗୀତ ଗାଉ, କାରଣ ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀ ବିନା ଓକ୍ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଏକାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଯିବ । ପକ୍ଷୀଟିର ଗୀତର ସମାପ୍ତି ପରେ, ଛାତ୍ରଟି ପକ୍ଷୀର ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ତଥା ଶୈଳୀ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ତା’ର ତ୍ୟାଗ ମନୋବୃତ୍ତିର ଅଭାବ ବିଷୟରେ ଟିପ୍‌ପଣୀ ଲେଖୁଛି ।

ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଉଦୟ ହୋଇଛି, ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍ ପକ୍ଷୀଟି ସେହି ଛାତ୍ରଙ୍କ ଝରକା ତଳେ ଥିବା ଗୋଲାପ ଗଛ ନିକଟକୁ ଉଡ଼ିଯାଇଛି । ସେ ଚିରନ୍ତନ ପ୍ରେମ ଉପରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରେ । ଏକ ଧଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପର କଣ୍ଟା ଉପରେ ସେ ତା’ର ହୃଦୟକୁ ବିଦ୍ଧ କରିଛି ଏବଂ ନିଜର ରକ୍ତରେ ସେହି ଧଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପକୁ ରକ୍ତବର୍ଣ୍ଣର ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପରେ ପରିଣତ କରିପାରିଛି । ଯୁବକର ପ୍ରେମ ପାଇଁ ସେ ତା’ର ଜୀବନକୁ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ କରିଦେଇଛି ।

ଏହା ହେଉଛି ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ସମୟ । ଛାତ୍ରଟି ବଗିଚାରେ ଏକ ଲାଲ୍ ଗୋଲାପ ଫୁଲ ଦେଖ୍ ଖୁବ୍ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ସେ ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପଟିକୁ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ନେଇ ପ୍ରଫେସରଙ୍କର ଝିଅଙ୍କୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ୍ କରିଛି, କିନ୍ତୁ ଯୁବତୀଜଣକ ଯୁବକଙ୍କର ପ୍ରେମକୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟାନ କରିଛି ଏବଂ ଯୁବକଜଣକ ସେହି ଲାଲ୍ ରଙ୍ଗର ଗୋଲାପଟିକୁ ରାସ୍ତାକୁ ଫୋପାଡ଼ି ଦେଇଛି । ବୁଲ୍‌ବୁଲ୍‌ର ଯୁବକର ପ୍ରେମ ପାଇଁ ଚରମ ଉତ୍ସର୍ଗ ବୃଥା ହୋଇଯାଇଛି ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Ex 8(c) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Exercise 8(c)

Question 1.
Find the intervals where the following functions are (a) increasing and (b) decreasing.
(i) y = sin x, x ∈ [0, 2π]
Solution:

(ii) y = In x, x ∈ R₊
Solution:
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{x}\) > 0
for all x ∈ R₊.
Thus y = In x is increasing in (0, ∞) and decreasing nowhere.

(iii) y = a^x, a > 0, x ∈ R
Solution:
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = a^x In a > 0 for all x ∈ R provided a > 1.
The function is increasing in (-∞, ∞) is a > 1.
Again \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = a^x In a < 0 if 0 < a < 1.
Thus the function is decreasing in (-∞, ∞) if (0 < a < 1)

(iv) y = sin x + cos x, x ∈ [0, 2π]
Solution:

(v) y = 2x³ + 3x² – 36x – 7
Solution:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 6x² – 6x – 36
y is increasing if \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) > 0
⇒ x² + x – 6>0
⇒ x² + 3x – 2x – 6>0
⇒ x (x + 3) -2 (x + 3) > 0
⇒ (x + 3) (x – 2) > 0
for x > 2 or x < -3 and (x + 3 ) (x – 2) < 0 for -3 < x < 2
∴ The function is increasing in (-∞, -3) ∪ (2, ∞) and is decreasing in (-3, 2).

(vi) y = \(\frac{1}{x-1^{\prime}}\) x ≠ 1
Solution:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{-1}{(x-1)^2}\)
The function is increasing if \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) > 0
⇒ \(\frac{-1}{(x-1)^2}\) > 0 which is impossible because \(\frac{-1}{(x-1)^2}\) is always -ve for all x ≠ 1. So the function is increasing nowhere. It is decreasing in R – {1}

(vii) y = \(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
x^2+1, & x \leq-3 \\
x^3-8 x+13, & x>-3
\end{array}\right.\)
Solution:

(viii) y = 4x² + \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Solution:

(ix) y = (x – 1)² (x + 2)
Solution:
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 (x – 1) (x + 2) + (x – 1)²
= (x – 1) (2x + 4 + x – 1)
= (x – 1 ) (3x + 3)
= 3 (x – 1) (x + 1 )
The function is increasing if \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) > 0.
⇒ (x + 1) (x – 1) > 0
⇒ x < -1 or x > 1
∴ The function is increasing in (-∞, -1) ∪ (1, ∞)
It is decreasing in (-1, 1).

(x) y = \(\frac{\ln x}{x}\), x > 0
Solution:

(xi) y = tan x – 4 (x – 2), x ∈ (-\(\frac{\pi}{2}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
Solution:

(xii) y = sin 2x – cos 2x, x ∈ [0, 2π]
Solution:

Question 2.
Give a rough sketch of the functions given in question 1.
Solution:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Show that the function \(\frac{e^x}{x^p}\) is strictly increasing for x > p > 0.
Solution:

Question 4.
Show that 2 sin x + tan x ≥ 3x for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)).
Solution:
Let f(x) = 2 sin x + tan x – 3x
Then f(x) = 2 cos x + sec² x – 3

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Ex 8(b) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Exercise 8(b)

Question 1.
Find the equations to the tangents and normals to the following curves at the indicated points.
(i) y = 2x² + 3 at x = -1
Solution:
y = 2x² + 3 at x = -1
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 4        ∴\(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{-1}\) = -4
Thus slope of the tangent at x = -1 is -4.
Angin for x = -1 , y = 2 + 3 = 5
The point of contact is (-1, 5).
Equation of the tangent is y – 5 = -4 (x + 1)
⇒ 4x + y – 1 = 0
Slope of the normal = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Eqn. of the normal is y – 5 = \(\frac{1}{4}\) (x + 1)
⇒ 4y – 20 = x + 1
⇒ x – 4y + 21 = 0

(ii) y = x³ – x at x = 2
Solution:
y = x³ – x at x = 2
When x = 2, y = 2³ – 2 = 6
The point is (2, 6).
Again \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 3x² – 1
\(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{x=2}\) = 12 – 1 = 11
Slope of the tangent = 11.
Slope of the normal = –\(\frac{1}{11}\)
Equation of the tangent is
y – 6 = 11 (x – 2)
⇒ 11x – y – 16 = 0
Equation of the normal is
y – 6 = –\(\frac{1}{11}\)
⇒ 11y – 66 = – x + 2
⇒ x + 11y – 68 = 0

(iii) y = √x + 2x + 6 at x = 4
Solution:
y = √x + 2x + 6 at x = 4
For x = 4, y = 2 + 8 + 6 = 16
The point is (4, 16)
Again \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}}\) + 2
\(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{x=4}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) + 2 = \(\frac{9}{4}\)
Slope of the tangent = \(\frac{9}{4}\)
Slope of the normal = –\(\frac{4}{9}\)
Equation of the tangent is
y – 16 = \(\frac{9}{4}\)(x – 4)
⇒ 9x – 4y + 28 = 0
Equation of the normal is
y – 16 = – \(\frac{4}{9}\)(x – 4)
⇒ 9y – 144 = -4x + 16
⇒ 4x + 9y – 160 = 0

(iv) y = √3 sin x + cos x at x = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)
Solution:

(v) y = (log x)² at x = \(\frac{1}{e}\)
Solution:

(vi) y = \(\frac{1}{\log x}\) at x = 2
Solution:

(vii) y = xe^-x at x = 0
Solution:
y = xe^-x at x = 0
For x = 0, y = 0
The point is (0, 0).
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = e^-x + x . (-e^-x)
\(\left.\frac{d y}{d x}\right]_{x=0}\) = 1
Slope of the tangent = 1
Slope of the normal = -1
Equation of the tangent is y = x and equation of the normal is y = -x

(viii) y = a (θ – sin θ), y = a (1 – cos θ) at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Solution:
y = a (θ – sin θ), y = a (1 – cos θ) at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)

(ix) \(\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^{2 / 3}\) + \(\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^{2 / 3}\) = 1 at (a cos³ θ, b sin³ θ)
Solution:
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^{2 / 3}\) + \(\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^{2 / 3}\) = 1 at (a cos³ θ, b sin³ θ)

Question 2.
Find the point on the curve y² – x² + 2x – 1 = 0 where the tangent is parallel to the x – axis.
Solution:
Given curve is y² – x² + 2x – 1 = 0 … (1)

Putting x = 1 in (1) we get
y² – 1 + 2 – 1 = 0 ⇒ y = 0
∴ The point is (1, 0).

Question 3.
Find the point (s) on the curve x = \(\frac{3 a t}{1+t^2}\), y = \(\frac{3 a t^2}{1+t^2}\) where the tangent is perpendicular to the line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0.
Solution:

Question 4.
Find the point on the curve x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0 where the normal is parallel to the x axis.
Solution:
x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0

Question 5.
Show that the line y = mx + c touches the parabola y² = 4ax if c = \(\frac{a}{m}\).
Solution:
Given line is y = mx + c … (1)
Given parabola is y² = 4ax

Question 6.
Show that the line y = mx + c touches the ellipse
\(\frac{x^2}{a^2}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 if c² = a²m² + b²
[Hints: Find equation to tangent at a point (x’, y’) of the curve and compare it with
y = mx + c].
Solution:

Question 7.
Show that the sum of the intercepts on the coordinate axes of any tangent to the curve
√x + √y = √a is constant.
Solution:

Question 8.
Show that the curves y = 2^x and y = 5^x intersect at an angle
tan^-1 \(\left|\frac{\ln \left(\frac{5}{2}\right)}{1+\ln 2 \ln 5}\right|\)
(Note: Angle between two curves is the angle between their tangents at the point of intersection)
Solution:
Given curves are
y = 2^x … (1)
and y = 5^x … (2)
Differentiating (1) we get \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2^x . In 2
Differentiating (2) we get \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 5^x . In 2
Slope of the tangent to the first curve at (x, y) = 2^x . In 2
Slope of the tangent to the second curve at (x, y) = 5^x . In 2
Solving (1) and (2) we get 2^x = 5^x ⇒ x = 0
For x = 0, y = 1
∴ The point of intersection is (0, 1).
At (0, 1) slope of the 1st tangent = In 2
Slope of the second tangent = In 5
If θ is the angle between two tangents
then \(\frac{\ln 5-\ln 2}{1+\ln 5 \cdot \ln 2}\) = \(\frac{\ln \frac{5}{2}}{1+\ln 5 \cdot \ln 2}\)
= tan^-1 \(\left(\frac{\ln \frac{5}{2}}{1+\ln 5 \cdot \ln 2}\right)\)
We know that angle between two curves is the angle between their tangents at the point of intersection.
Hence the two curves intersect at an angle.
\(\left(\tan ^{-1} \cdot \frac{\ln \frac{5}{2}}{1+\ln 5 \cdot \ln 2}\right)\)

Question 9.
Show that the curves ax² + by² =1 and a’x² + b’y² = 1. Intersect at right angles if
\(\frac{1}{a}\) – \(\frac{1}{a}\) = \(\frac{1}{a^{\prime}}\) – \(\frac{1}{b^{\prime}}\).
Solution:
Given curves are
ax²+ by²= 1 … (1)
and a’x² + b’y² = 1 … (2)
Differentiating (1) we get

Question 10.
Find the equation of the tangents drawn from the point (1, 2) to the curve.
y² – 2x³ – 4y + 8 = 0
Solution:
Given curve is
y² – 2x³ – 4y + 8 = 0 … (1)

⇒ -(k – 2)² = 3h² – 3h³
⇒ (k – 2)² = 3h³ – 3h²
Putting it in (2) we get
k² – 2h³ – 4k + 8 = 0
⇒ k² – 4k + 4 – 2h³ + 4 = 0
⇒ (k – 2)² – 2h³ + 4 = 0
⇒ 3h³ – 3h² – 2h³ + 4 = 0
⇒ h³ – 3h² + 4 = 0
⇒ h³ + h² – 4h² + 4 = 0
⇒ h² (h + 1) – 4 (h² – 1) = 0
⇒ h² (h + 1) – 4 (h + 1) (h – 1) = 0
⇒ (h + 1) (h² – 4h + 4) = 0
⇒ (h + 1) (h – 2)² = 0
⇒ h = -1, 2.
For h = -1, k is imaginary.
For h = 2, k = 2 + 2√3
The point at which the tangent is drawn is (2, 2 + 2√3).
Slope of the tangents
= \(\frac{3 h^2}{k-2}\) = \(\frac{12}{\pm 2 \sqrt{3}}\) = ± 2√3
Equations of the tangental
y – (2 ± 2√3) = ± 2√3(x – 2)

Question 11.
Show that the equation to the normal to x^2/3 + y^2/3 = a^2/3 is y cos θ – x sin θ = a cos 2θ where θ is the inclination of the normal to x – axis.
Solution:

The point is (a² sin³ θ, a² cos³ θ).
Equation of the normal is
y – a² cos³ θ = tan θ (x – a² sin³ θ)
⇒ y cos θ – a² cos⁴ θ = x sin θ – a² sin⁴ θ
⇒ y cos θ – x sin θ = a² (cos⁴ θ – sin⁴ θ)
= a² (cos² θ + sin² θ) (cos² θ – sin² θ)
= a² cos 2θ.
∴ Equation of the normal is
y cos θ – x sin θ = a² cos 2θ.(Proved)

Question 12.
Show that the length of the portion of the tangent to x^2/3 + y^2/3 = a^2/3 intercepted between the axes is constant.
Solution:

Question 13.
Find the tangent to the curve y = cos (x + y), 0 < x ≤ 2π which is parallel to the line
x + 2y = 0.
Solution:
y = cos (x + y) … (1)

Question 14.
If tangents are drawn from the origin to the curve y = sin x then show that the locus of the points of contact is x²y² = x² – y²
Solution:
Given curve is
y = sin x … (1)
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = cos x
Slope of the tangent to the cure (1) at any point (x, y) is cos x.
Let (h, k) be the point of contact.
Then slope of the tangent at (h, k) = cos h.
Equation of the tangent to the curve (1) at (h, k) is
y – k = cos h (x – h) … (2)
If the tangent is drawn from the origin then -k = -h cos h
⇒ k = h cos h … (3)
As (h, k) is the poitn of contact then we have
k = sin h … (4)
From (3) we get,
k = h\(\sqrt{1-\sin ^2 h}\) = h\(\sqrt{1-k^2}\) by (4).
Squaring both sides we get
k² = h² (1 – k²)
⇒ k² = h² – h²k²
⇒ h²k² = h² – k²
The locus of (h, k) is x².y² = x² – y² (Proved)

Question 15.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve given by
x = 3 cos θ – cos³ θ
y = 3 sin θ – sin³ θ at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
Solution:
x = 3 cos θ – cos³ θ
y = 3 sin θ – sin³ θ
Differentiating we get
\(\frac{d x}{d \theta}\) = -3 sin θ + 3 cos² θ . sin θ
\(\frac{d x}{d \theta}\) = 3 cos θ – 3 sin² θ . cos θ

Question 16.
If x cos α + y sin α = p is a tangent to the curve \(\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^{\frac{n}{n-1}}\) + \(\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^{\frac{n}{n-1}}\) = 1
then show that (a cos α)ⁿ + (b sin α)ⁿ = pⁿ
Solution:
Given straight line is x cos α + y sin α = p … (1)
Given curve is

Question 17.
Show that the tangent to the curve
x = a (t – sin t), y = at (1 + cos t) at t = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) has slope. (1 – \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
Solution:
Given curve is x = a (t – sin t)
y = at (1 + cos t)

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 3 A Psalm of Life Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 3 A Psalm of Life

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English A Psalm of Life Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Does the title suggest what the poem is about?
Answer:
Yes, the title suggests what the poem is about. This poem is called ‘psalm’ because it lays stress on certain basic values of life.

Question 2.
What does the poet say about ‘life’ in the first stanza?
Answer:
In the first stanza, the poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 3.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real !’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 4.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on the ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 5.
Quote the line which means – ‘death is not the goal of life’.
Answer:
The line ‘And the grave is not its goal’ means – ‘death is not the goal of life.’

Question 6.
What attitude does the poet challenge in the first two stanzas? Is the attitude of the poet positive or negative?
Answer:
The poet challenges the negative attitude in the first two stanzas. The poet’s attitude is positive out and out.

Question 7.
‘Dust thou art, to dust thou returnest’ – This expression alludes to the Bible. What are the other lines in the poem that make an allusion to the Bible?
Answer:
The lines, Life is real! Life is earnest! Be not like dumb, driven cattle! make an allusion to the Bible.

Question 8.
What does the poet say about the goal of life in Stanza 3?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 9.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beautiful is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 10.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 11.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 12.
What do the lives of great men remind us of?
Answer:
The lives of great men remind us to make our life noble.

Question 13.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 14.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 15.
Do you find each stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each .stanza has a recurrent rhythm pattern : 8 syllables, 7 syllables, 8 syllables, 7 syllables? What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
Answer:
Yes, every stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each stanza has a recurrent rhyme pattern. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab.

Question 16.
The poet uses some depressing words as ‘mournful’, ‘empty’, ‘dead’, ‘grave’. What other such words does he use in the poem?
Answer:
The poet uses other depressing words such as ‘muffled drums’, ‘funeral’, ‘bury’, ‘departing’, and ‘forlorn’.

Question 17.
What is the tone of the poem – inspring or despairing?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is inspiring.

Question 18.
‘Simile’ is a figure of speech making comparison between two unlike things based on a similarity in one aspect. Ex: ‘Still, like muffled drums…’ (Stanza 4, line 3). What other similes do you find in the poem?
Answer:
The other similes we find in the poem are ‘be not like dumb, driven cattle ’ (stanza 5, line 3), ‘Be a hero in the strife.’ (Stanza 5, line 4).

Question 19.
“Life is but an empty dream !” – what figure of speech is used here? Quote another line of the same stanza in which this figure of speech is used.
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is a ‘metaphor’. Another line of the same stanza

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English A Psalm of Life Important Questions and Answers

l. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The first stanza here indicates the poet’s -?
(A) calm acceptance of fife
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life.
(C) dream of life
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life .

Question 2.
The line ‘For the soul is dead that slumbers’ has a reference to the -?
(A) Bible
(B) philosophy of life
(C) the poet’s spiritualism
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) Bible

Question 3.
The word ‘grave’ means -?
(A) serious
(B) arrogant
(C) death
(D) disease
Answer:
(C) death

Question 4.
Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The essence of life is action.
(B) Life lies in meditation.
(C) There is no room for enjoyment in life.
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) Life lies in meditation.

Question 5.
Time ______________?
(A) moves slowly
(B) temporal
(C) flees fast
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) flees fast

Question 6.
The expression ‘like muffled drums’ signifies a tone of -?
(A) disbelief
(B) seriousness
(C) music
(D) exuberance
Answer:
(B) seriousness

Question 7.
The word‘strife’means -?
(A) the rough and tumble of life
(B) challenge
(C) wrangle
(D) noise
Answer:
(A) the rough and tumble of life

Question 8.
The line ‘Heart within, and God o’erhead’ bears the stamp of the poet’s?
(A) unflinching sincerity
(B) infinite patience
(C) belief in God
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)

Question 9.
The word ‘foot-prints’ means?
(A) signs of foot
(B) glorious deeds
(C) symbols
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) glorious deeds

Question 10.
Let us then be up and doing. Does this mean?
(A) elevated
(B) exalted
(C) active
(D) accelerate
Answer:
(C) active

Question 11.
What year the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’ was written?
(A) 1810
(B) 1870
(C) 1880
(D) 1838
Answer:
(D) 1838

Question 12.
What is a‘Psalm’?
(A) a story
(B) an instruction
(C) a way of life
(D) a hymn
Answer:
(D) a hymn

Question 13.
Who does the poet address in the opening lines of the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’?
(A) the readers
(B) his friends
(C) those who say life is unreal
(D) those who mourn
Answer:
(C) those who say life is unreal

Question 14.
Who say in mournful numbers that life is but an empty dream?
(A) pessimist
(B) poets
(C) churches
(D) some people
Answer:
(A) pessimist

Question 15.
The poem was included in the collection?
(A) Poem on slavery
(B) Voices of the right
(C) The courtship of miles standish
(D) Tales from a wayside inn
Answer:
(B) Voices of the right

Question 16.
Who is the speaker?
(A) a narrator
(B) a psalmist
(C) God
(D) a young man
Answer:
(D) a young man

Question 17.
The main thing the young man advises is to ___________________?
(A) think
(B) act
(C) question
(D) pray
Answer:
(B) act

Question 18.
The young man does not want to hear that life is ___________________?
(A) an empty clream
(B) completed
(C) hard
(D) soft
Answer:
(A) an empty clream

Question 19.
Heartbeats are compared to _____________________?
(A) waves
(B) footsteps
(C) lightning
(D) drums
Answer:
(D) drums

Question 20.
Life is compared to a ________________?
(A) book
(B) garden
(C) battlefield
(D) sky
Answer:
(C) battlefield

Question 21.
What animal does the young man not want?
(A) cattle
(B) donkey
(C) pigs
(D) sheep
Answer:
(A) cattle

Question 22.
Life is also compared to an _________________?
(A) ocean
(B) sky
(C) forest
(D) mountain
Answer:
(A) ocean

Question 23.
We must learn to labour and to _________________?
(A) ask
(B) win
(C) die
(D) wait
Answer:
(D) wait

Question 24.
The tone is _________________________?
(A) angry
(B) optimistic
(C) bleak
(D) confused
Answer:
(B) optimistic

Question 25.
The young man advocated living _______________?
(A) heroically
(B) passively
(C) dominantly
(D) vacantly
Answer:
(A) heroically

Question 26.
How is a soul that is inactive?
(A) sluggish
(B) slow
(C) dead
(D) useless
Answer:
(A) sluggish

Question 27.
According to the poet, things are not ___________________?
(A) what they look
(B) what they seem
(C) how they feel
(D) how they act
Answer:
(B) what they seem

Question 28.
What is not the aim of life?
(A) earning money
(B) living like a dead man
(C) death
(D) working like donkey
Answer:
(C) death

Question 29.
What is not life’s goal?
(A) riches
(B) power
(C) religion
(D) grave
Answer:
(D) grave

Question 30.
The poet advises us not to dwell in the?
(A) day dreams
(B) past
(C) future
(D) present
Answer:
(B) past

Question 31.
What should we do?
(A) Live in the present
(B) Believe in God
(C) Trust no future
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 32.
Why should we live in the present?
(A) Because this is what is correct
(B) Because it will make the God happy
(C) Because we have control over our past .
(D) Because we cannot change our future
Answer:
(A) Because this is what is correct

Question 33.
What do lives of great men remind us of?
(A) How we can live in present
(B) How not to dwell in the past
(C) We can make our lives noble
(D) We can be heroes of the battle
Answer:
(C) We can make our lives noble

Question 34.
What do we leave behind when we die?
(A) Our good deeds
(B) Out past
(C) Our mark
(D) Our riches
Answer:
(A) Our good deeds

Question 35.
Where do we leave our footprints?
(A) On the sands
(B) On time
(C) In the history
(D) Quicksand
Answer:
(C) In the history

Question 36.
Whom will our sublime lives inspire?
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity
(B) those who live in present
(C) Those who make their future good
(D) Those who strive to success
Answer:
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity

Question 37.
Lives of great men also inspire those who have failed in life and feel?
(A) hopeless
(B) lost in the ocean of life
(C) motivated
(D) wrecked
Answer:
(B) lost in the ocean of life

Question 38.
How would the lives of noble men help those in distress?
(A) By calming them
(B) By showing them good future
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic
(D) By telling them motivating tales
Answer:
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic

Question 39.
What does “With a heart for any fate” mean?
(A) Ready to face any situation
(B) Ready whole heartedly
(C) Ready to lead a hearty life
(D) Ready for future
Answer:
(A) Ready to face any situation

Question 40.
What does the poet advice the readers?
(A) To work and progress
(B) To labour and have patience
(C) To learn and prosper
(D) Have a fearless heart
Answer:
(B) To labour and have patience

Question 41.
What is fleeting?
(A) Life
(B) Time
(C) Noble deeds
(D) Death
Answer:
(B) Time

Question 42.
What does ‘Still achieving, still pursuing” mean?
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement
(B) Leading a successful and inspiring life
(C) Never submit and fighting continuously
(D) Always achieving and pursuing
Answer:
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement

Question 43.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a/an _______________ poet?
(A) English
(B) American
(C) Irish
(D) Scottish
Answer:
(B) American

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
What does the poet say about ‘life’?
Answer:
The poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real!’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 3.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 4.
What does the poet say about the goal of life?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 5.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beauty is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 6.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 7.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 8.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 9.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 10.
What does the poet tell us about the future and the past?
Answer:
The poet says that we should forget the past, because it’s dead. He states that we should not trust future, however rosy it may be, because it is uncertain.

Question 11.
What does the expression ‘muffled drums’ signify?
Answer:
The ‘muffled drums’ signify the sound of drums made dull by covering them with cloth. At funerals drums are thus muffled to match the solemn occasion.

Question 12.
Explain the significance of ‘in the world’s broad field of battle’?
Answer:
The line ‘In the world’s broad field of battle’ implies life is a temporary camp. The world we live in is a vast battle field where we are all soldiers, when we feel tired, we take rest in that camp.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-3)
Tell me ……………………………………………………………………………………… than today.
The poet urges us not to think that life is sad. Life, he says, is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
କବି ଜୀବନକୁ ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୋଲି ନ ଭାବିବାକୁ ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ ନୁହେଁ । ଆଳସ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥ ଅଟେ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର ବାସ୍ତବିକତାକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଭାବଗମ୍ଭୀର । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକା ଭାବରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଅନ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ । କବି କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଉପଭୋଗ ପାଇଁ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ଯେଉଁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଞ୍ଚୁଛୁ, ସେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଦୁଃଖକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ରୟ ଦେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ହେଉଛି କର୍ମ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସବୁବେଳେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଅଗ୍ରସର ହେବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
psalm : sacred song. The title suggests the solemnity of the theme. (ସଂହିତା ଗୀତ)
tell me not : Here the negative begining emphasizes the poet’s positive point of view.
mournful numbers : sad verses (ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା )
empty dream : a meaninglèss dream giving no satisfaction, unreal thing (ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ସ୍ବପ୍ନ)
soul : the soul …. slumbers : the life of an idle man is useless
slumbers : sleeps (here remains idle) (ଅଳସୁଆ)
And …. seem : It is reminiscent of Clough’s ‘Say Not the struggle Naught Avai leth.’ if hopes were dupes, years may be liars; It may be, in you smoke concealed, Your comrades chase e ‘en now the fliers, And, but for you, possess the field.
earnest : full of seriousness not an empty dream to be treated . This positive assertion of the poet strikes lightly the key note of the poem : Death is not life’s end.
And goal : a quotation from the Bible (ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ)
Dust returnest : a quotation from the Bible regarding the mortality of the human body (ଜୀବନ ମରଣଶୀଳ)
Was soul : It was spoken of the body only
destined : decided in advance
But … than today: It is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. The poet inspires us to conduct ourselves each day in such a way that we may find ourselves everyday better than before.

Stanza – (4-6)
Art is …………………………………………………………………… God o ‘erhead!
The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is short-lived. So a man should not waste time. In other words, there is much to be achieved in a short span of life. With the march of time, we are moving closer to death. The expression ‘muffled dreams’ splendidly exemplifies this fact. The poet presents a war imagery as the march to the grave has been transferred to march to battle. By comparing life with a ‘bivouac’, a temporary camp site during a battle, the poet reminds again of the shortness of human existence. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor reflect the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଅମର, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ମଣିଷ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କିଛି କରିବାର ଅଛି । ସମୟ ସ୍ରୋତରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର ହୋଇଯାଉଛୁ । ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ବାଜୁଥିବା ଢୋଲର ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଅଥଚ ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷୀଣସ୍ଵର’ ଏହାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି । ଏଠାରେ କବି ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମିରୁ ଉପମା ଦେଇ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ଅଭିଯାନ ସହିତ ମଣିଷର ଶ୍ମଶାନ ଯାତ୍ରାକୁ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଜୀବନକୁ ରଣଭୂମିର ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶିବିର ସହ ତୁଳନା କରି ମାନବ ଜୀବନର କ୍ଷୀଣଭଙ୍ଗୁରତା ବିଷୟରେ ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ମୂକ ଗୋମହିଷାଦି ପଶୁ ଭଳି ଆମର ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ରଣକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖୁବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମଣିଷ ଏକ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଜରୁରୀ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା ଅତୀତକୁ ନେଇ ଅନୁଶୋଚନା କରିବା ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକୁ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଜୀବନ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ ।

Glossary
Art : the creation or the expression of the beautiful
stout : strong
muffled drums : the sound of drums made dull by wrapping them in cloth. At funerals, drums are thus muffled to suit the solemn occasion.
marches : music for marching to.The poet has in mind a march for the dead
bivouac : temporary camp for troops without tents or other cover
dumb : unable to speak. Here the word also means stupid and dull. The images of the ‘dumb, driven cattle’ suggests meek submissiveness.
Be a hero … strife!: The poet is overtly didactic
strife : fight (ସଂଘର୍ଷ)
trust : rely (ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା )
pleasant : fine (ସୁନ୍ଦର)
bury : here forget (ଭୁଲିଯିବା)
Let dead ! : put away what is past and forget the same (ଅତୀତକୁ ଭୁଲିଯାଅ)
Act Present !: Here the poet lays emphäsis on action. The word ‘living’ sounds signifies it. (ବର୍ଷ ମାନ ସମୟକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଯାଅ ।)
Heart within and God o’erhead! : with courage in your heart and faith in God (ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ରଖ)

Stanza – (7-9)
Lives of …………………………………………………………… to wait
Lives of great men serve as an inspirational force to us. They have left this world not in vain. They have left glorious deeds behind them ‘on the sand of time’. We can make our lives beautiful by following their examples. Brimmed with confidence and courage, we should face every situation in life. Action should be our motto. We should learn to work hard and wait for the results.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରେରଣାର ଉତ୍ସ ସଦୃଶ । ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ ସେମାନେ ବୃଥାରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ହେବାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଯାଇନାହାନ୍ତି । ଏହି ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନେ ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗୌରବମୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟସବୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଦର୍ଶକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଆମର ଜୀବନକୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର କରିପାରିବା । ଆତ୍ମ-ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଓ ସାହସର ସହିତ ଜୀବନର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ଆମେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କର୍ମ ଆମର ଆଦର୍ଶ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ଶିଖୁବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
sublime : noble
departing : on leaving this world: dying
footprints : our noble works that will show the way to others
solemn : impressive in its awe inspiring vastness and depth
main : ocean
forlorn : unhappy and deserted
forlorn … brother: one who has failed in life and is distressed at one’s own moral and material ruin (ଅସଫଳତା ପାଇଁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିବା)
shipwrecked : utterly ruined by misfortune (ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ)
take heart : be confident
heart for any fate: confidence to face any situation in life, favourable or unfavourable (କରିବାପାଇଁ ଦୃଢ଼ ମନୋବଳ)
still : always (ସର୍ବଦା)
wait : ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା

Introducing the Poet
While still a student, H.W. Longfellow (1807-1882) wrote to his father, ‘Whatever I do study ought to be engaged in with all my soul’. Years later, he resigned his coveted position as the Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard University, which he had filled for a long time with honour, feeling that he was not able to do justice to his work as a poet on account of the demands made on his time -and energy by his duties as an academic. His conscientiousness revealed itself even when he was a boy; he was studious and had little interest in sports. The same seriousness of purpose is found in his poetry. He was a moralist, and had he been less of a puritan, perhaps his poetry would have been more enjoyable. But as it has been pointed out, it was a source of his strength as well as his weakness. Fortunately, his didactism is relieved by his sunny spirit which permeates his poems like ‘A Psalm of life’.

About the Poem
In A Psalm of Life the poet gives young readers some valuable precepts which they should follow in their life so that their life may not be in vain. A ‘psalm’ is a sacred song or hymn. This poem is called a psalm because it lays stress on certain basic values of life. To the poet life is not an ‘empty dream’ – it is ‘real’ and ‘earnest’, and one is to make the best use of it by striving hard. Man should neither brood over the past which is dead nor waste his time in idle dreams of a rosy future. He should deal with the present. Emulating the ideals left by great men, he should be a source to inspiration to posterity. This poem belongs to the genre of poetry called ‘Carpe Diem’ poems. ‘Carpe Diem’, popularly translated as ‘seize the day’, is a phrase from a Latin poem by Horace. The sentiments expressed in the poem may appear commonplace, and the presentation facile. But the universality of the theme, the conviction with which it is presented, and the simplicity of its diction make its optimism irresistible. Longfellow, a great American himself, gives eloquent expression to the young nation’s energetic approach to life and adds a meaningful dimension to it by bringing in ‘God o’erhead’ to reinforce the ‘heart within’.

Summary
The poem begins with Longfellow’s blunt rejection of the psalmist’s view : life is a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection. Longfellow brings out a contrast between art and life. The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is transient. So we should not fritter away our time. In a short span of life, there is much to be achieved. Therefore, we should live as productive a life as possible. Then the poet compares our hearts to ‘muffled drums’. Each beat of our heart carries us closer to death. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor cling to the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life. – Lives of greatmen always inspire us. We can beautify our lives by following the foot-steps they have left behind ‘on the sand of time’. As a result, the future generations will be inspired in a great measure. It is action that lends worth to life and so we should learn to work hard ceaselessly and wait for the results.

ସାରାଂଶ:
ସ୍ତୋତ୍ର ରଚୟିତାଙ୍କର ମତରେ ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ । କବିତାର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ Longfellow ଏହାକୁ ରୋକ୍‌ଠୋକ୍‌ ଭାବରେ ଅଗ୍ରାହ୍ୟ କରିଛନ୍ତି । କାର୍ଯ୍ୟହୀନତା ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ଅନୁପାଦେୟ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ବାସ୍ତବତାର ସହିତ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ତାତ୍ପର୍ଯ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକାଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ଶେଷ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ନୁହେଁ । କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଜୀବନଟା ଉପଭୋଗର ବସ୍ତୁ ନୁହେଁ । ବଞ୍ଚୁଥ‌ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜୀବନରେ ଦୁଃଖ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ସ୍ଥାନ ନାହିଁ । କର୍ମରେ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ନିହିତ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଅବିଶ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଧାବମାନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କବି Longfellow କଳା ଏବଂ ଜୀବନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ବୈଷମ୍ୟକୁ ଉପସ୍ଥାପନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଚିରନ୍ତନ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ । କବି ଆମ ହୃଦୟକୁ ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଢୋଲର ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶବ୍ଦ’ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ହୃଦୟର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ଆମକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର କରାଇ ଦେଉଛି । ମୂକ ଗାଇଗୋରୁ ଭଳି ନିଜ ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବାକୁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମି ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଦରକାର । ଆମ୍ଭେ ସମସ୍ତେ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଆମେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବାନାହିଁ, ଅତୀତକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ରୋମନ୍ଥନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଆମେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଉଚିତ । ଜୀବନ ସଂଗ୍ରାମକୁ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହାସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ । ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ ସବୁବେଳେ ଆମକୁ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ କରେ । ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନେ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇଥବା ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପଦାଙ୍କକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଜୀବନକୁ ମହାନ୍ କରିପାରିବା । ଯାହାଫଳରେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ବଂଶଧରମାନେ ବହୁଳଭାବେ ପ୍ରେରଣା ପାଇପାରିବେ । କର୍ମ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମାନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରେ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ନିରବଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷା କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳାଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସହକାରେ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Ballad of Father Gilligan Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God? What type of man does this prove him to be? (due: his two types of devotion)
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, joy, or peace for attending to the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
How was the night: peaceful and quiet or turbulent and restless? Bring out expressions from the poem to support your answer, (clue: peep, slowly …)
Answer:
The night was peaceful and quiet. The expressions such as ‘peep’, ‘slowly’, ‘shade’, ‘whisper’ and ‘sparrow-chirp’ support our answer.

Question 4.
Why has the night been described so? (clue: the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep)
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 5.
What was the reaction of Father Gilligan when he woke up from his deep sleep? State why he felt so?
Answer:
When he woke up from his sleep, Father Gilligan felt terribly sad, because the sick man he had to attend would be no more.

Question 6.
Bring out the meaning of the expression: “He rode now as he never rode”?
Answer:
The expression ‘He rode now as he never rode’ means Peter Gilligan’s fastest ride ever.

Question 7.
Find the expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care, (clue: at least four expressions).
Answer:
The expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care are “And rode with little care”, “He rode now as he never rode”, “And is the poor man dead ? he cried” and “In grief swayed to and fro.”

Question 8.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father! you come again!’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 9.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 10.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 11.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 12.
There is an implicit comparison between heavenly creatures and bodies (angels, planets etc.), and their tireless movement with an insignificant person (In. 43) on earth and his inaction (sleep, not being able to take care of people in time). Discuss this comparison?
Answer:
This comparison speaks volumes for God’s goodness to all. He maintained a great balance in His creation. The help He bestowed on Peter Gilligan is a case in point.

Question 13.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 14.
Note each stanza has four lines. In stanza 1, ‘day’ in the first line rhymes with ‘lay’ of the fourth line making the rhyme scheme – abed. Find out whether all the stanzas have the same rhyme scheme?
Answer:
All the stanzas have the same rhynie scheme.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Ballad of Father Gilligan Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The poet of the poem “The Ballad of Father Gihigan” is _____________?
(A) T. Eliot
(B) W.B. Yeats
(C) William Wordsworth
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) W.B. Yeats

Question 2.
W.B.Years was born In __________?
(A) 1865
(B) 1869
(C) 1870
(D) 1866
Answer:
(A) 1865

Question 3.
The poem has a ____________?
(A) lyrical form
(B) epic form
(C) ballad form
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) ballad form

Question 4.
The poem talks about ______________?
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all
(B) The world of beauty and romance
(C) The presence of human suffering
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all

Question 5.
The poem illustrates ______________?
(A) God’s everlasting benevolence
(B) God’s punishment for the wrongdoing
(C) God’s compassion
(D) Both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) Both (A) and (C)

Question 6.
Father Gilligan was weary throughout because ____________?
(A) he was old
(B) he was overburdened by his religious duties
(C) his poor folks were dying in large number
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 7.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘under the green sods’ means ____________?
(A) a piece of earth with grass and sods growing in it
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic
(C) church area
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic

Question 8.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘flock’ refers to ___________?
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan
(B) a group of animals
(C) sheep
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan

Question 9.
‘My body spake not I’ means ____________?
(A) he had not grumbled from the heart
(B) his body was extremely tired, so he grumbled
(C) he has become old, so he told like this
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 10.
The poor man sent for Father Gilligan because _____________?
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven
(B) he wanted Father should visit him
(C) he wanted to see father
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven

Question 11.
The Gilligan’s parish were _____________?
(A) toiling in the field
(B) suffering from an epidemic
(C) nodding thier chains
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) suffering from an epidemic

Question 12.
The word ‘flock’ in the context of the poem means _____________?
(A) flock of sheep
(B) sparrows
(C) people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) people in the parish

Question 13.
The expression ‘green sods’ refers to ____________?
(A) graves covered over by green grass
(B) the stars in the sky
(C) the people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) graves covered over by green grass

Question 14.
What is referred to as the ‘moth-hour of eve’?
(A) dawn
(B) noon
(C) evening
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) evening

Question 15.
Father Gilligan did not go to lady’s house because ______________?
(A) she did not play
(B) Father Gilligan was hurry
(C) he was unhappy
(D) he was tired and worry
Answer:
(D) he was tired and worry

Question 16.
People were dying because of ____________?
(A) epidemic
(B) war
(C) civil war
(D) accident
Answer:
(A) epidemic

Question 17.
Mothisa/an ___________?
(A) animal
(B) insect
(C) disease
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) insect

Question 18.
Grieve means ____________?
(A) brief
(B) give
(C) feel intense sorrow
(D) Ail of these
Answer:
(C) feel intense sorrow

Question 19.
Why do you think father was nodding on the chair in evening hour?
(A) for sleeping
(B) to pray
(C) he was tired in the evening
(D) All of these
Answer:
(C) he was tired in the evening

Question 20.
When you were gone he turned and died as merry as a _____________?
(A) angel
(B) priest
(C) bird
(D) feathers
Answer:
(C) bird

Question 21.
Find a word from the extract which means mourn ___________?
(A) sorrow
(B) poor
(C) grieve
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) grieve

Question 22.
What isa ballad?
(A) a narrative poem
(B) a subjective poem
(C) a descriptive poem
(D) a short poem
Answer:
(A) a narrative poem

Question 23.
Why was William Butler Yeats awarded a nobel prize in 1923?
(A) for literature
(B) for draina
(C) for mathematics
(D) for science
Answer:
(A) for literature

Question 24.
Why was the old priest weary day and night?
(A) his services were required more frequently lately
(B) he had a lot of work to do everyday
(C) his parishioners were sick and needed his assistance
(D) he was required to pray day and night
Answer:
(A) his services were required more frequently lately

Question 25.
Who were father Gilligan’s flock?
(A) the sickpeople
(B) the dead
(C) his parishioners
(D) the church attendants
Answer:
(C) his parishioners

Question 26.
How does the father react when another poor man sent for him?
(A) he denied to go
(B) he scolded the messenger
(C) he began to grieve
(D) he started at once
Answer:
(C) he began to grieve

Question 27.
Why did he fall asleep during his prayer?
(A) he did not want to attend the dying man
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed
(C) he wanted to have some rest
(D) he was sick
Answer:
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed

Question 28.
When did the father wake up?
(A) At mid-night
(B) At dawn
(C) In the morning
(D) In the afternoon
Answer:
(B) At dawn

Question 29.
The moths appear on two occasions.What are they?
(A) Dusk and dawn
(B) Morniñg and evening
(C) Evening and afternoon
(D) Night and evening
Answer:
(A) Dusk and dawn

Question 30.
What shows that the father was shocked when he woke up?
(A) He stood upright
(B) He heard the sparrows chirp
(C) He got up with a shock
(D) He started to run
Answer:
(A) He stood upright

Question 31.
Why was the father shocked?
(A) He saw the moths again
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept
(C) He realised that he had not finished his prayer
(D) He realised that he couldn’t attend the sick man
Answer:
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept

Question 32.
Whom did father Gilligan wake up from sleep?
(A) His parishioner
(B) The sick man
(C) His horse
(D) His attendant
Answer:
(C) His horse

Question 33.
Why did father Gilligan ride with less care?
(A) He didn’t know how to ride a horse
(B) He was in a hurry
(C) His horse was very reliable
(D) He was worried about the man
Answer:
(D) He was worried about the man

Question 34.
What does “He rode as he never rode, by the rocky lane and fen” convey?
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners
(B) Father Gilligan’s reckless riding
(C) Father Gilligan’s carefreeness
(D) Father Gilligan had lost interest in living
Answer:
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners

Question 35.
Who opened the door?
(A) The sick man
(B) The father
(C) An old man
(D) The sick mans wife
Answer:
(D) The sick mans wife

Question 36.
Why was the sick man’s wife surprised to see the father?
(A) She didn’t expect him to come so early
(B) The poor man had already died
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals
(D) The father looked weary
Answer:
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals

Question 37.
What did the father ask to the sick man’s wife?
(A) Was the man dead
(B) Was the man doing well
(C) Was the man recovering
(D) Was the man stîli alive
Answer:
(A) Was the man dead

Question 38.
The sièk man’s wife said that her husband has died ____________?
(A) half an hour ago
(B) the previous night
(C) few minutes ago
(D) an hour ago
Answer:
(D) an hour ago

Question 39.
Why did the old priest sway in grief?
(A) He couldn’t reach earlier
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty
(C) He couldn’t save the man
(D) He couldn’t see the dead man
Answer:
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty

Question 40.
What did the poor man’s wife say to the priest?
(A) The man was in p4in at the time of his death
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone
(C) The man wanted to see the father in his last moments
(D) The man was happy when be died_____
Answer:
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God ? What type of man does this prove him to be?
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, nor joy, nor peace for attending the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken out these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
Why has the night been described so?
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 4.
Why was Father Gilligan weary?
Answer:
Peter Gilligan was a priest who was called Father. He had to perform the religious rites of the church. He was weary because half of his parishioners were either in their sick bed or in their graves. As a priest he had to attend his parishioners.

Question 5.
Why did Peter Gilligan beg God’s forgiveness?
Answer:
The priest begged God’s forgiveness for he had said that he was deprived of rest, joy and peace for his constant presence near his flocks who were already dead. He justifies his errant words by saying that his spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak.

Question 6.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father ! you come again !’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 7.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 8.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 9.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 10.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 11.
Why did Father Gilligan sway to and fro?
Answer:
Father came to know from the sick man’s wife that the man passed away at night. At this Father Gilligan was in deep grief and swayed to and fro.

Question 12.
Why did the priest ride with little care?
Answer:
The priest was respondent for neglecting his duty to offer final communion to the sick man. So he rode recklessly to the sick man’s house without caring the hurdles on the way.

Question 13.
How did Father Gilligan react when he woke up from his deep sleep?
Answer:
Father Gilligan woke up from his deep sleep in the moth hour. He was horrified by the fact that he failed to perform his priestly duties to the sick man.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-4)
The old ……………………………………………………… to peep.
Peter Gilligan, the old priest, was tired of attending to the sick men of his parish night and day. One evening, while he was resting on a chair, a poor man sent for him. He began to whimper against overwork. Being old, he was unable to keep pace with the present work of praying for the growing number of sick persons in his parish. But in the next moment, he repented for the complaint and asked for God’s forgiveness. While praying on the chair, he fell asleep. Evening came. Stars in multitude were visible in the sky.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜଣେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଏବଂ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ସେବା କରି କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଦିନେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଗୃହରୁ ଡାକରା ଆସିଲା । ସେ ଅଧ୍ବକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଭାର ହେତୁ ବିରକ୍ତି ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ବୁଢ଼ା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିବାରୁ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ପର ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପାଇଁ ଅନତାପ କଲେ ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ କ୍ଷମାପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଗଲା । ଆକାଶରେ ଅସଂଖ ତାରା ଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ହେଲେ ।

Glossary
priest : a person who performs religious rites of the church
weary : tired (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ)
his flock : members of his parish (ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଲୋକ)
sods : upper strata of grasslands (ଘାସଚେକା )
nodded : relaxed (ମସ୍ତକ ଅବନତ କରି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରିବା, ତନ୍ଦ୍ରାଚ୍ଛନ୍ନ ହେବା )
moth-hour of eve : the time just before the evening when moths come out (ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଠିକ୍)
grieve : regret (ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା)
rest : ବିଶ୍ରାମ
peace : ଶାନ୍ତି
forgive : excuse (କ୍ଷମା କରିବା )
My body spake, not I : He had spoken out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This reminds us of the words which Jesus said when he found Peter sleeping, St. Matthew Ch. XXVI Verse 41, ‘The spirit is willing enough, but the flesh is weak.’ Gilligan’s full name is ‘Peter Gilligan’. Peter is from the Greek ‘Petros’ which means stone or rock.
knelt : ଆଣ୍ଠୁଗଣ୍ଠି
leaned : ଆଉଜି ପଡ଼ିଲେ
the moth-hour went : ଗୋଧୁଳି ସମୟ ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ
peeped : came into view (ଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ଆସିଲା)

Stanza – 5
They slowly………………………………………….. to mankind
More and more stars began to twinkle in the sky. There was darkness all around. Silence spread everywhere. Leaves shook in the wind. God spoke softly to mankind.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଆକାଶରେ ଅଧିକସଂଖ୍ୟକ ତାରା ଆଖିମିଟିକା ମାରିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ । ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ଛାଇଗଲା । ସବୁଆଡ଼େ ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତା । ପବନରେ ପତ୍ରସବୁ ହଲୁଥିଲା । ଭଗବାନ ଯେପରି ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ମାନବଜାତି ସହିତ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଉଥିଲେ ।

Glossary
They : (here) the stars (ତାରକାରାଜି )
millions grew : many more stars appeared in the sky (ଆବିର୍ଭାବ ହେଲା)
shook : rustled ( ହଲୁଥିଲା )
And God … mankind : God covered the world with darkness and spoke softly to the mankind. ( ଭଗବାନ ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମଣିଷ ଜାତିକୁ)
shade : ଛାଇ
whispered : ଚୁପ୍‌ଚୁପ୍ କରି କହିଲେ
mankind : ମାନବଜାତି

Stanza – (6-8)
Upon the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. come again !’.
The sparrows began to chirp before the dawn cracked. Suddenly Gilligan woke up from his sleep. He remembered the poor man of the evening. His heart was filled with grief to think that the man had died while he slept on the chair. Father Gilligan rode as fast as he could to the sick man’s house by narrow road and marshy land. The astonishment of the sick man’s wife knew no bounds to see the priest.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସକାଳ ହେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଘରଚଟିଆମାନେ ରାବିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲେ । ହଠାତ୍‌ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟିର କଥା ସେ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ । ସେ ଚେୟାର୍‌ରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥବ ବୋଲି ଭାବି ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଦୁଃଖ ଭରିଗଲା । ସେ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚଢ଼ି ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଅଣଓସାରିଆ ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ରାସ୍ତା ଦେଇ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟି ଘର ଆଡ଼କୁ ଚାଲିଲେ । ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖ୍ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟିର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟର ସୀମା ରହିଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Glossary
the time of sparrow-chirp : the time before (sunrise) when sparrows (small birds) come out and began to chirp (sing)
When …. more : It was evening, after sunset when Gilligan sat dozing on a chair. A little after that he got up, knelt and prayed; but while praying he fell asleep. When he woke up from sleep it was dawn again (the faint light before sunrise).
stood upright : sprang up suddenly awakened from sleep torn by his own conscience (ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିବା)
Mavrone ! : (Irish) little mother : Mary, mother of Jesus Christ addressed affectionately (ଯୀଶୁଙ୍କର) ମା)
Mavrone. mavrone! : a cry of grief (ଦୁଃଖଦ କାନ୍ଦଣା)
roused : wakened (ନିଦରୁ ଉଠେଇଲେ )
He rode …. rode : Peter GiiJian rode too fast for the first time.
lane and fen : narrow road and marshy land (ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ଜମି )
‘Father ‘ again !‘: Gilligan is surprised to hear the words spoken by the sick man’s wife because he had not gone there before

Stanza – (9-12)
‘And is ……………………………………………………………………………… a chair.’
The sick man’s wife conveyed the priest about his (the sick man’s) death. He died merrily an hour ago just after the priest had gone. Gilligan reacted in wonder and disbelief. Peter Gilligan understood that God had sent one of His angels in his guise to pray for the dying man. He prayed to God in gratitude. Peter badly needed rest for he was faithful and dutiful. God, the Maker of the vast universe, had not forgotten even the humblest creatures like him in the cosmic universe.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥିବା କଥା ତା’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପାଦ୍ରୀକୁ ଜଣାଇଦେଲେ । ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଫେରିଯିବା ପରେ ପରେ ଶାନ୍ତିରେ ମରିଥିଲା । ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିସ୍ମୟ ଓ ଅବିଶ୍ଵାସରେ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ ବୁଝିପାରିଲେ ଯେ ଭଗବାନ ତା’ ବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁମୁଖରେ ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ଲୋକଟି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଜଣାଇ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପିଟର ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଦରକାର କରୁଥିଲେ । ବିଶାଳ ବିଶ୍ବର ନିର୍ମାତା ତା’ଭଳି ନଗଣ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଭୁଲି ଯାଇନଥିବାରୁ ଆତ୍ମସନ୍ତୋଷ ଲାଭ କଲେ ।

Glossary
grief : sadness (ଦୁଖ)
swayed to and fro : moved from side to side, here Gilligan filled with repentance
When word: The delicate: introduction of the; supernatural power which is one of the characteristic of a ballad.
merry : glad (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
he knelt him : he knelt (ସେ ଆଣ୍ଠୁମାଡ଼ି)
tire and bleed : tired of life and work
wrapped in purple robes : God who is all merciful
planets : the whole universe (ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ବ)
least of things : the humblest being. Father Gilligan

Introducing the Poet
W. B. Yeats (1865-1939) was both a romantic and a modem poet. His early work was full of melody and decoration. It was full of luscious poetry in the romantic or late- romantic mould. His name is closely linked with the Irish Literary Movement. He is generally considered the greatest twentieth century poet in English language. Few poets have celebrated the beauty of woman as splendidly as Yeats has. His poetic career brings out a contrast between the early Yeats and the later Yeats. The former wrote of dreams, and the later of harsh reality. There is rich colouring and symbolism in his poetry. He has own vision of man and the world.

About the Poem
The poem was written at a time when the members were dying everyday in large numbers. Father Gilligan, the old priest of the parish, had to pray for the dying beside their death beds. This legendary tale about Father Gilligan has been told in verse. In other words, it is a ballad in a full measure.

Summary
The poem begins with the tired old priest, Peter Gilligan attending to the dying members of his parish round the clock. It is his duty to pray for them who are dying in large numbers. Evening sets in. Sorely tired, the Father Gilligan is old and weak. He grumbles against overwork. “I have no rest, nor joy, nor peace For people die and die.” But he is in his own elements in a flash. Dutiful priest as he is, he repents. He kneels, and leans on the chair and prays for God’s forgiveness. A tired soul, the priest, while praying sinks into a deep sleep on the chair. Evening leaks away. More and more stars begin to twinkle in the sky. Leaves rustle. The whole world plunges into darkness. Silence reigns everywhere. God whispers to mankind in the absolute calm and still of night. Tom by conscience, the priest springs up straight rousing from sleep. His sorrow knows no bound. “Mavrone, mavrone ! the man had died While / slept on the chair.” The poor man on that evening haunts him. Bitten by guilt, the priest breathlessly rides to the sick man’s house. The sick man’s wife opens the door and is surprised to see the priest again. ‘‘Father! you come again!” He comes to know about the death of the sick man. Father is grief-stricken. He becomes speechless in disbelief when he is told that the man died merrily an hour ago, after he (the priest) had departed. The ways of God begin to unfold before him. He realizes that God had sent one of his angels in his guise to attend to the sick man. His heart is filled with wonder and gratitude for God’s kindness of substituting one of his angels for him. God is all merciful. He has taken care of the humblest creature like him in His vast universe. Father Gilligan is lost in his unflinching love of God.
Moral: God never fails those who unflinchingly serve his fellowmen.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ଆମେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଉ ବୃଦ୍ଧ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେଙ୍କୁ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ମୁମୂର୍ଷୁମାନଙ୍କର ଦିନରାତି ସେବାକରି ସେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କବଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମାର ସଦ୍‌ଗତି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବା ତାଙ୍କର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଛି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବା ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ମସ୍ତକ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତିରେ ନଇଁପଡ଼ିଛି । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ସେବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ ଆସିଛି । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଯେତେ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ସମ୍ଭବ ତଦପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧ‌ିକ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରି ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ସ୍ବରରେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି ‘ମୋର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନାହିଁ, ନାହିଁ ଆନନ୍ଦ, ନାହିଁ ଶାନ୍ତି କାରଣ ଲୋକମାନେ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ଓ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ।’’ ହଠାତ୍ ସେ ଆତ୍ମସଚେତନ ହେଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ସହସା ଏକ ଦିଗ୍ରୀ ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛି । ସେ ଜଣେ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଏଭଳି ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଠିକ୍ ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଅନୁତାପ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ଝୁଙ୍କିପଡ଼ି ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଷମା କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ସେ କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଖୁବ୍‌ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବା ସମୟରେ ସେହି ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ସେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ଆକାଶରେ କ୍ରମେ ଗୋଟି ଗୋଟି ହୋଇ ଅନେକ ତାରା ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ସମଗ୍ର ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ଉପରକୁ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ମାଡ଼ିଆସିଛି। ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ନୀରବତା ବିଦ୍ୟମାନ ହୋଇଛି । ନିଥର ରାତ୍ରିର ନିସ୍ତବ୍‌ଧତା ଭିତରେ ଭଗବାନ ସତେ ଯେପରି ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମାନବଜାତିକୁ ଗୋପନ କଥା କହନ୍ତି । ସୁପ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବିବେକର ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍‌ ଚେଇଁ ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗପଡ଼ି ସେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି …. ‘ମୁଁ ଚେୟାରରେ ଶୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ।’’ସେଦିନ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ଯେଉଁ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଡାକରା ଆସିଥିଲା, ତା’ କଥା ଚିନ୍ତାକରି ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଅଣନିଃଶ୍ଵାସୀ ହୋଇ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ବସି ସେହି ରୋଗୀର ଘରକୁ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେହି ଲୋକର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କବାଟ ଖୋଲିଛି, ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ପୁଣି ଥରେ ଦେଖୁ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇ କହିଲା…………..‘ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବାବା ! ଆପଣ ପୁଣି ଆସିଛନ୍ତି !’’ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ସେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ସେ (ପାତ୍ରୀ) ଚାଲିଯିବାର ଠିକ୍ ପରେ ପରେ ଏଇମାତ୍ର ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ଆଗରୁ ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି; କାରଣ ସେ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଆସି ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ନିର୍ବାକ୍ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି; କିନ୍ତୁ କ୍ରମେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର କରୁଣାର ରହସ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ଉନ୍ମୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ତାଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ଜାଣି ଭଗବାନ ରୋଗୀର ଶୁଶ୍ରୂଷା ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କର (ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର) ଛଦ୍ମବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତର କୃତଜ୍ଞତାରେ ଭରିଯାଇଛି । ଏହି ବିଶାଳ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଜଣେ ନଗଣ୍ୟ ମଣିଷର ଯତ୍ନ ନେବାକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ଭଗବାନ ଭୁଲି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଗଭୀର ଭଗବତ୍ ପ୍ରୀତିରେ ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଆତ୍ମହରା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 4 Television Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 4 Television

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Television Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
What important thing does the poet say about children and television?
Answer:
The poet says that parents should not allow their children to glue to their TV set. Besides, they should not set this ‘idiotic box’ at all.

Question 2.
How do children spend their time with the television?
Answer:
Children spend their time with the television with their mouths wide open.

Question 3.
How do children behave while watching the TV?
Answer:
While watching the TV, children sit or lie leisurely and at that time they eat and spill snacks.

Question 4.
How does TV become a harmful addiction for children?
Answer:
TV becomes a harmful addiction for children when they watch it too much and become charmed by that fictional world.

Question 5.
Why do parents let their children watch TV?
Answer:
Parents let their children watch TV to refrain them from doing mischievous deeds such as ‘climbing out the window sill’. Besides, they don’t fight or kick or punch at all. As a result, parents themselves are free to cook the food and wash the dishes.

Question 6.
Do you think TV does the role of a babysitter? Justify?
Answer:
Yes, I think TV plays the role of a baby sitter. Television takes care of the children and gives them pleasure. Here the idiotic box acts on behalf of their parents.

Question 7.
What are the undesirable consequences of watching the television?
Answer:
The undesirable consequences of watching the television are manifold. For this a child ceases to think, wonder and imagine, and becomes dull. He is deprived of understanding a pleasant, imaginary situation and of world of wonder and magic. His creative power suffers a great jolt.

Question 8.
Why does the poet use all capital letters to end his poem?
Answer:
The poet uses all capital letters to end his poem with a view to sending a message to parents and children. The latter should cultivate the habit of reading instead of being adversely affected by watching TV constantly.

Question 9.
What comparison does he make to prove his point?
Answer:
To prove his point, he brings out a comparison between a child’s brain and cheese; the former becomes as soft as the latter.

Question 10.
“HE CANNOT THINK – HE ONLY SEES !” – What does “he” refer to?
Answer:
‘He’ refers to a child.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Television Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
Repetition of ‘Never’ brings out the poet’s ____________?
(A) blatant dislike of TV for the children
(B) advise to parents to be considerate towards their children’s act of watching the television
(C) appeal to ban TV for children
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) blatant dislike of TV for the children

Question 2.
‘Them near your television set.’ Here ‘them’ refers?
(A) parents
(B) children
(C) both parents and children
(D) the readers
Answer:
(B) children

Question 3.
‘The idiotic thing refers to ___________?
(A) foolish person
(B) lunatics
(C) an useless object
(D) none of these
Answer:
(D) none of these

Question 4.
The expression gaping at the screen’ implies _____________?
(A) parents’ inclination towards watching TV
(B) opening one’s mouth
(C) the children’s obsession with TV
(D) the poet’s disenchantment with it
Answer:
(C) the children’s obsession with TV

Question 5.
With all that shocking ghastly junk. The underlined expression means __________?
(A) dirt
(B) terrible unsubstantial thing
(C) deadly thing
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) terrible unsubstantial thing

Question 6.
Oh yes. we know it keeps them still. Does the underlined expression mean __________?
(A) parents should be careful
(B) children need to be silent for the interest for their parents
(C) the poet wants silence
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) children need to be silent for the interest of their parents

Question 7.
Does this do to your beloved tot? Here ‘your’ refers to ___________?
(A) the poet’s
(B) the children’s
(C) parent’s
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) parent’s

Question 8.
Does TV rob of the children of their ___________?
(A) study
(B) enjoyment of life
(C) fancies
(D) imaginative power
Answer:
(D) imaginative power

Question 9.
IT CLOGS AND CLUTTERS UP THE MIND!’ The poet uses only capital letters to bring home ___________?
(A) uses of TV
(B) insight into the children’s minds
(C) the devastating impact of TV on children
(D) his cold attitude toward TV
Answer:
(C) the devastating impact of TV on children

Question 10.
The poet fervently wants children to ____________?
(A) watch TV at the time
(B) read literature
(C) create a fairy world
(D) play
Answer:
(B) read literature

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
What has the poet watched in every house?
Answer:
The poet has watched the children spending their time looking at the pictures -on the TV screen which has become a common feature nowadays.

Question 2.
How do children act while watching TV?
Answer:
While watching TV. children sit or lie around the TV set in a lazy position eating and spilling snacks forgetting about their own selves.

Question 3.
What is the most important thing we have learned?
Answer:
The important thing that the poet says about children and television is that we should by no means let them sit and stare at the television set.

Question 4.
What is a still better option?
Answer:
The poet says that it would be still better not to install the idiot box at our home that destroys a child’s creativity.

Question 5.
What does the poet say about what is shown on TV?
Answer:
The poet says that TV becomes a harmful addiction for children because they are completely hypnotized by it and are absolutely drunk with all the shockingly rubbish things on it.

Question 6.
Account for the last 6 lines written in capital letters?
Answer:
The last 6 lines written in capital letters highlight the devastating impact of the television set on children.

Question 7.
What light does the poet throw on parents?
Answer:
The poet bluntly states that the parents have neither thought nor wondered what actually awaits their TV-drunk children. (Repetition of ‘s’ (‘sit’, ‘stare’, ‘stare’, ‘sit’)

Question 8.
What happens to a child’s imagination because of its obsession with TV?
Answer:
As a result of their obsession with TV, the children’s imaginative power suffers a terrible death. In other words, all they do is watch and believe what others say on TV.

Introducing the Poet
Roald Dahl (1916-1990) has been referred to as one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century. In 2008 The Times placed Dahl 16th on the list of “The Greatest British writers since 1945”. His short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children’s books for their unsentimental, often very dark honor. Dahl also had a successful parallel career as the writer of macabre adult stories. For a brief period in the 1760s, Dahl wrote screenplays. In his poetry, Dahl gives humorous re-interpretation of well-known nursery and fairy tales, providing surprise endings in place of the traditional happily ever after. His collection of poems Revolting Rhymes is recorded in audiobook form and narrated by actor Alan Cumming. He blended both human and truth into his poetry.

About the Poem
‘Television’, as the title implies, deals with the dangers of watching television and the problems of television addicts. This is a poem with a great flow and rhyme scheme. It is fun to read and captivating to children. The poem has a very clear message to parents and children.

Summary
At the outset, the poet sends a sort of wake-up call to the parents. They should refrain their children from sitting near their television set. Besides, they should not set up the ‘idiotic thing’ at all. Those children are always glued to the television has now become a common sight. Children watch them with their mouths wide open. Sitting leisurely and eating and spilling snacks, they look at it for a long time until their eyes wilt under pressure. They don’t take their eyes off the set until they are charmed by its spell. They watch it with fascination. Their eyes are fixed on those horrible things of little value. Then the poet throws light on the parents. They allow their children to watch the television to prevent them from doing mischief. Besides, they cook their food and wash their dishes freely. The poem comes to an end with a reference to the dangerous consequences children face as a result of watching TV constantly. They cease to think, wonder and imagine. Their imaginative power dies a premature death. It chokes a child’s mind. It fills his mind with too many things. A child becomes dull and blind to the world of magic and wonder. He is robbed of understanding ‘a fantasy’. TV leads to a child’s brain-wash. The poet gives vent to his concern stating that TV puts an end to his thinking power.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ କବି ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କୁ ଏକପ୍ରକାର ସତର୍କବାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପାଖରେ ବସିବାରୁ ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଏତଦ୍‌ବ୍ୟତୀତ ସେମାନେ ଏହି ନିର୍ବୋଧ ବସ୍ତୁ (ଟେଲିଭିଜନ)କୁ ଘରେ ଆଦୌ ନ ରଖିବା ଉଚିତ । ପିଲାମାନେ ସର୍ବଦା ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀଭୂତ କରି ବସି ରହିବା ଏବେ ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ପାଲଟି ଯାଇଛି । ପିଲାମାନେ ପାଟି ମେଲା କରି ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନକୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହନ୍ତି । ଆରାମରେ ବସିରହି କିଛି ଖାଇବା ଜିନିଷ ପାଟିରେ ପକାଇ ଦେଇ ଆଖିରୁ ପାଣି ନଗଡ଼ିଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେମାନେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନକୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏହାର ଯାଦୁରେ ଆକର୍ଷିତ ନହେଲା ଯାଏ ସେମାନେ ଆଖୁ ହଟାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଆଖ୍ ସେହିସବୁ ବାଜେ ଚିତ୍ର ଉପରେ ଲାଖ୍ ରହିଥାଏ ଯାହା ଏକାନ୍ତ ମୂଲ୍ୟହୀନ । ଏହାପରେ କବି ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୁଷ୍ଟାମିରୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏହାଦ୍ଵାରା ସେମାନେ ମୁକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିପାରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ବାସନ ସଫା କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ସବୁବେଳେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁବାଦ୍ଵାରା ପିଲାମାନେ ଯେଉଁସବୁ ଭୟଙ୍କର କୁପରିଣାମ ଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି ତାହା ଉପରେ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଦେଇ କବିତାଟି ଶେଷ ହୋଇଛି । ଲଗାତର ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ଦେଖିବାଦ୍ଵାରା ସେମାନେ କିଛି ଭାବି ପାରନ୍ତିନି, ସେମାନେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା କଳ୍ପନା କରିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର କଳ୍ପନାଶକ୍ତି ଅସମୟରେ ମରିଯାଏ । ଏହା ପିଲାର ମନକୁ ରୋଧ କରିଦିଏ । ଏହା ପିଲାର ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ ଅନେକ ଜିନିଷ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କରିଦିଏ । ସେ ମାନ୍ଦା ହୋଇଯାଏ ଏବଂ କୁହୁକମୟ ଓ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକ ସଂସାରକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ଆନନ୍ଦକର କଳ୍ପନାକୁ ସେ ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପିଲାର ସୃଜନଶୀଳତାକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ । ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ପିଲାର ଚିନ୍ତନଶକ୍ତି ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ ବୋଲି ଦୃଢ଼ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ହୋଇ କବି ଗଭୀର ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – 1
The most …………………………………………………………………… the floor.
The poet is averse to the idea of young children watching television. In his view, TV is an ‘idiotic thing’. They watch the screen with their mouths wide open. While lying leisurely and eating snacks they look at it for a long time until their eyes feel pressure.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଛୋଟ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁ କଥାକୁ କବି ପସନ୍ଦ କରିନାହାନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଏହା ଏକ ବସ୍ତୁ । ସେମାନେ ଏହାର ପରଦା ଆଡ଼କୁ ଆକରି ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଜ୍‌ରେ ଚାପ ନ ପଡ଼ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆରାମରେ ପାଟିରେ କିଛି ଖାଇବା ଜିନିଷ ପକାଇ ଦେଇ ଶୋଇରହି ପିଲାମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ବହୁ ସମୟ ଧରି ଦେଖୁ’ନ୍ତି ।

Glossary
let : allow
install : to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use
idiotic thing : a television is called an ‘idiot box
gaping : looking at something with mouth wide open lolling and slopping and
lounge about : sit or lie leisurely while eating and spilling snacks ( ଆଳ ସ୍ଯଭାବେ ବସିରହି ଖାଇବା)
stare : look at someone or something for a long time (ନିରେଖି ଚାହିଁବା )
pop out : feel pressure (ଚାପ ଅନୁଭବ କରିବା)

Stanza – 2
They sit ……………………………………………………………. ghastly junk.
The television casts a spell on the children. They watch it in a frenzied fashion and become ‘hypnotized’ by that fictional world. They lose themselves in the world of horrible things that are of little value.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ମନମୁଗ୍ଧ କରିଦିଏ । ସେମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ପାଗଳ ଭାବରେ ଦେଖନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ସେହି କଳ୍ପିତ ଦୁନିଆ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବଶୀଭୂତ କରିଦିଏ । ବିଶେଷ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ନ ଥିବା ଭୟଙ୍କର ଜିନିଷମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସେମାନେ ନିଜକୁ ହଜାଇ ଦିଅନ୍ତି ।

Glossary :
They sit .. and sit : children cannot take their eyes off the television
hypnotized : charmed
absolutely : completely ( ଭାବରେ )
drunk : (here) lose (ହଜି ଯାଆନ୍ତି)
ghastly : horrible ( ଭୟଙ୍କର )
junk : things of little value (ମୂଲ୍ୟହୀନ ଜିନିଷ )

Stanza – 3
Oh yes, ……………………………………………………………………….. ONLY SEES!
Children become television addicts. The inevitable happens. Television makes children sit silently. They don’t resort to any mischief. This is the rationale behind the parents’ permission for their children to watch TV. Besides, parents are free to cook their food and wash the dishes. But they never think of how this affects their children. Children are robbed of thinking and wondering. Watching the television constantly makes a child dull. As a result, he fails to understand a pleasant and imaginary fairyland. His brain greatly suffers. The child’s thinking power vanishes.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପିଲାମାନେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପ୍ରତି ଆସକ୍ତ ହୋଇଯାଆନ୍ତି । ଫଳରେ ଅଘଟଣ ଘଟେ । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ନୀରବରେ ବସାଇଦିଏ । ସେମାନେ କୌଣସି ଦୁଷ୍ଟାମି କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଏଇ କାରଣରୁ ପିତାମାତାମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦିଅନ୍ତି । ଏହାବ୍ୟତୀତ, ସେମାନେ ନିରୋଳାରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ତିଆରି କରିପାରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ବାସନ ସଫା କରିପାରନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ କି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଏ, ସେମାନେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାରୁ ଓ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବାରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି । ସବୁବେଳେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖ‌ିବା ପିଲାଙ୍କୁ ମାନ୍ଦା କରିଦିଏ। ଫଳରେ ସେ ସୁନ୍ଦର, କାଳ୍ପନିକ ପରୀରାଇଜକୁ ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ତା’ର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୁଏ । ତା’ର ଚିନ୍ତାଶକ୍ତି ଉଭେଇଯାଏ ।

Glossary
them : to children ( ପଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ )
still : silent (ନୀରବ)
window sill : ଝରକା ସିଲ
punch : କ୍ଷତ
sink : ବାସନ ଧୋଇବା ବେସିନ୍ ବା କୁଣ୍ଡ
beloved tot : loving child
ROTS …. HEAD ! : destroys a child’s sense – perception
KILLS : destroys (ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ)
IMAGINATION: କଳ୍ପନା
CLOGS : blocks (ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦିଏ)
CLUTTER : to fill with too many thing (ଅନେକ ଜିନିଷ ପିଲାର ମନକୁ ଆସେ)
A FANTASY : a pleasant imaginary situation (ଏକ ସୁଖପ୍ରଦ କାଳ୍ପନିକ କଥା)
A FAIRYLAND: ଏକ ଫାୟାରଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ |
HIS …. CHEESE! : A child’s brain doesn’t grow The poet uses a simile. (ଶିଶୁର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଉନ୍ନତି କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ)
HIS …. FREEZE ! : A child’s thinking- powers are gone (ଲୁପ୍ତ ହୁଏ)
HE SEES !: A child just watches TV. but fails to understand anything (ଗୋଟିଏ ଶିଶୁ TV ଦେଖେ, କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ)

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Exercise 9(a)

Question 1.
(i) ∫2 dx
Solution:
∫2 dx = 2x + C

(ii) ∫3x² dx
Solution:
∫3x² dx = 3 \(\frac{x^3}{3}\) + C = x³ + C

(iii) ∫4x³ dx
Solution:
∫4x³ dx = 4 \(\frac{x^4}{4}\) + C = x⁴ + C

(iv) ∫x⁵ dx
Solution:
∫x⁵ dx = \(\frac{x^6}{6}\) + C

(v) ∫x³¹ dx
Solution:
∫x³¹ dx = \(\frac{x^{32}}{32}\) + C

(vi) ∫\(\left(2 \sqrt{x}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(vii) ∫\(\frac{1}{x \sqrt{x}}\) dx
Solution:

(viii) ∫\(\left(x^{\frac{4}{7}}+\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{3}}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(ix) ∫\(\frac{4}{x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{4}{x}\) dx = 4 ln |x| + C

(x) ∫\(\left(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^{12}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(xi) ∫(x² + √x)² dx
Solution:

(xii) ∫(x + 3) (2 – x) dx
Solution:
∫(x + 3) (2 – x) dx
= ∫(2x + 6 – x² – 3x) dx
= ∫(-x² – x + 6) dx
= –\(\frac{1}{3}\)x³ – \(\frac{1}{2}\)x² + 6x + C

(xiii) ∫\(\frac{(\sqrt{x}+2)^2}{x^4}\) dx
Solution:

(xiv) ∫\(\frac{(x+\sqrt{x})(2 x+1)}{x^2}\) dx
Solution:

Question 2.
(i) ∫cos dx
Solution:
∫cos dx = sin x + C

(ii) ∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x}\)
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x}\) = ∫sec² x dx = tan x + C

(iii) ∫\(\frac{d x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\)
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) = ∫\(\frac{d x}{\sin ^2 x}\)
= ∫cosec² x dx
= -cot x + C

(iv) ∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos ^2 x}\) dx = ∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos x}\) dx
= ∫sec x . tan x dx = sec x + C

(v) ∫\(\frac{2 \cos x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(vi) ∫\(\frac{1-\sin ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{1-\sin ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x}\) dx = ∫(cosec² x – sin x) dx
= -cot x + cos x + C

(vii) ∫\(\frac{\sin ^2 x}{1+\cos x}\) dx
Solution:

(viii) ∫\(\frac{\cos 2 x}{\cos x+\sin x}\) dx
Solution:

(ix) ∫\(\frac{\cos ^4 x-\sin ^4 x}{\cos x-\sin x}\) dx
Solution:

(x) ∫\(\frac{\cos 2 x}{\sin ^2 x \cdot \cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xi) ∫\(\frac{a^2 \sin ^2 x+b^2 \cos ^2 x}{\sin ^2 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xii) ∫(tan x + cot x)² dx
Solution:

(xiii) ∫\(\frac{1-\cos 2 x}{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xiv) ∫sec² x . cosec² x dx
Solution:

(xv) ∫\(\frac{\sin ^3 x+b \cos ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x \cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xvi) ∫\(\sqrt{1+\sin 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xvii) ∫\(\sqrt{1-\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xviii) ∫\(\sqrt{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\sqrt{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx = ∫√2 cos x dx
= √2 sin x + C

(xix) ∫\(\frac{\cos 3 x \cos 2 x+\sin 3 x \sin 2 x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xx) ∫(a cot x + b tan x)² dx
Solution:
∫(a cot x + b tan x)² dx
= ∫{a² cot² x + b² tan² x + 2ab cot x – tanx} xdx
= ∫(a² cot² x + b² tan² x + 2ab) dx
= a² ∫cot² x dx + b² ∫tan² x dx + 2ab ∫dx
= a² ∫(cosec² x – 1) dx + b² ∫(sec² x – 1) dx + 2ab x + C
= a² (-cot x – x) + b² (tan x – x) + 2ab x + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x – x (a² + b² – 2ab) + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x – (a – b)² x + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x + C

Question 3.
(i) ∫(e^x + 2) dx
Solution:
∫(e^x +2) dx = ∫e^x dx + 2 ∫dx
= e^x + 2x + C

(ii) ∫3^x dx
Solution:
∫3^x dx = ∫\(\frac{3^x}{\ln 3}\) + C

(iii) ∫a^x+2 dx
Solution:
∫a^x+2 dx = ∫a^x a² dx
= a² . \(\frac{a^x}{\ln a}\) + C
= \(\frac{a^{x+2}}{\ln a}\) + C

(iv) ∫a^3x dx
Solution:
∫a^3x dx = \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{a^{3 x}}{\ln a}\) + C

(v) ∫\(\frac{e^{2 x}+1}{e^x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{e^{2 x}+1}{e^x}\) dx = ∫(e^x + e^-x) dx
= e^x – e^-x + C

Question 4.
(i) ∫\(\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\frac{7}{1+x^2}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(ii) ∫\(\frac{3 x^2}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(iii) ∫\(\frac{x^6}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(iv) ∫\(\frac{x^4+x^3+x^2+x+2}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(v) ∫\(\left(\sqrt{1-x^2}+\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(vi) ∫\(\frac{x^2+\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x^3 \sqrt{x^2-1}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 5.
Find the unique antiderivative F(x) of f(x) = 2x² + 1, whese F(o) = -2.
Solution:
F(x) = ∫f(x) dx = ∫(2x² + 1) dx
= \(\frac{2}{3}\)x³ + x + C
But F(0) = -2
∴ -2 = C
Thus F(x) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x³ + x – 2

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Additional Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Additional Exercise

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (Mcqs) With Answers

Question 1.
Write the maximum value of the function y = x⁵ in the interval [1, 5].
(a) 125
(b) 3125
(c) 625
(d) 225
Solution:
(b) 3125

Question 2.
Differentiate sin^-1 (cos x) with respect to x.
(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) -1

Question 3.
Write the equation of the tangent to the curve y = |x| at the point (-2, 2).
(a) 2x + 2y = 0
(b) 2x + y = 0
(c) x + y = 1
(d) x + y = 0
Solution:
(d) x + y = 0

Question 4.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(sin x)
(a) tan x
(b) sin x
(c) cos x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(c) cos x

Question 5.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cos x)
(a) cos x
(b) -sin x
(c) sin x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(b) -sin x

Question 6.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(tan x)
(a) tan x
(b) sec² x
(c) sin x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(c) sin x

Question 7.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(sec x)
(a) sin x cos x
(b) sin x tan x
(c) cot x tan x
(d) sec x tan x
Solution:
(d) sec x tan x

Question 8.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cot x) = -cosec²x
(a) -sin² x
(b) -cos² x
(c) -cosec² x
(d) -tan² x
Solution:
(c) -cosec² x

Question 9.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cosec x)
(a) -cosec x cot x
(b) -sin x cot x
(c) -tan x cot x
(d) -cos x cot x
Solution:
(a) -cosec x cot x

Question 10.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(e^x) = ex
(a) e
(b) x
(c) e^x
(d) e^2x
Solution:
(c) e^x

Question 11.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(a^x)
(a) a^2x log a
(b) a^x log a
(c) log a
(d) log a^x
Solution:
(b) a^x log a

Question 12.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(log x)
(a) x
(b) \(\frac{1}{2 x}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{1}{x}\)

Question 13.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(log_a x)
(a) \(\frac{x}{\log a}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{x \log a}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x^2 \log a}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{2 x^2 \log a}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{1}{x \log a}\)

Question 14.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cot^-1 x) = \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)
(a) \(\frac{1}{1-x^2}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{-1}{1-x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)

Question 15.
Find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) for √x + √y = √c.
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
(b) \(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
(c) –\(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
(d) –\(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
Solution:
(c) –\(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)

Question 16.
If f(x) = \(\log _{x^2}\) (log x), then find f'(e).
(a) \(\frac{1}{e}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{2 \mathrm{e}}\)
(d) \(\frac{2}{\mathrm{e}}\)
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{1}{2 \mathrm{e}}\)

Question 17.
If y = \(\sqrt{\sin x+y}\), then what is \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\)?
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y+1}\)
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y-1}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y+1}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)

Question 18.
If y = 10^x and z = 100^x/2 then find \(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{y}^2}{\mathrm{z}}\right)\)
(a) 10^x log 10
(b) 10^2x log 10
(c) x log 10
(d) x² log 10
Solution:
(a) 10^x log 10

Question 19.
Find the differential of y = sin² x.
(a) 2sinx cot x dx
(b) 2sinx tan x dx
(c) 2sinx cosx dx
(d) 2cosx sinx dx
Solution:
(c) 2sinx cosx dx

Question 20.
Differentiate \(\sqrt{\sin \sqrt{x}}\)
(a) \(\frac{\cos \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \sin \sqrt{x}}}\)
(b) \(\frac{\sin x}{4 \sqrt{x \cos \sqrt{x}}}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \cos \sqrt{x}}}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{4 \sqrt{x \cos x}}\)
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\cos \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \sin \sqrt{x}}}\)

Question 21.
If f(x) = [tan² x], what is f'(0)?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 22.
If xy = e^x-y then find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\).
(a) \(\frac{\log x}{(1-\log x)^2}\)
(b) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)}\)
(d) \(\frac{\log x}{(1-\log x)}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)

Question 23.
Find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) if y = cot^-1\(\left(\frac{1+\cos x}{1-\cos x}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
(a) 0
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(c) 1
(d) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 24.
Find the derivative of sin x° w.r.t. x.
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{90}\) cos x°
(b) π cos x°
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) cos x°
(d) π sin x°
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) cos x°

Question 25.
The least value of a such that f(x) = x² + ax + 1 is strictly increasing on (1, 2) is
(a) -2
(b) -4
(c) 2
(d) 4
Solution:
(a) -2

Question 26.
If y = sec^-1\(\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)\) + sin^-1\(\left(\frac{x-1}{x+1}\right)\) then find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\).
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 27.
Let f(x) = e^x g(x), g(0) = 2 and g'(0) = 1, then find f'(0).
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Solution:
(c) 3

Question 28.
If x ∈ (0, π/2) then find \(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{dx}}\)[sin x]
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 7C
(d) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 29.
If f(x) = [x²] then f’\(\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)\) = ________.
(a) 1
(b) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
(c) 0
(d) –\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 30.
A differentiable function f defined for all x > 0 satisfies f(x²) = x³ for all x > 0. What is f'(b)?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 12
Solution:
(c) 6

Question 31.
What is the derivative of f'(In x) w.r.t x where f(x) = ln x.
(a) \(\frac{1}{x^2 \ln x}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{2 x \ln x}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x}\)

Question 32.
For what value of a, f(x) = log_a (x) is increasing on R?
(a) a > 1
(c) a < 1
(b) a = 1
(d) a > 1
Solution:
(a) a ≥ 1

Question 33.
Write the points at which tangent to the curve y = x² – 3x is parallel to x – axis.
(a) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}\right)\)
(b) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)
(c) \(\left(\frac{-3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}\right)\)
(d) \(\left(\frac{-3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)
Solution:
(b) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)

Question 34.
If y = e^x + e^-x + 2 has a tangent parallel to x – axis at (α, β) then find the value of α.
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) -1
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 35.
Write slope of the tangent to the curve y = √3 sin x + cos x at (\(\frac{\pi}{3}\), 2)
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 36.
Find the value of x for which f(x) is either a local maximum or a local minimum when
f(x) = x³ – 3x² – 9x + 6.
(a) (3, -1)
(b) (3, 1)
(c) (-1, 3)
(d) (1, -3)
Solution:
(a) (3, -1)

Question 37.
Find the x – coordinates of the extreme points of the function.
y = cos x + sin x , x ∈ [0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)]
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
(b) \(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
(d) π
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)

Question 38.
Find the equation of tangent to the curve x = y² – 2 at the points where slope of the normal equal to (-2).
(a) x + y – 1 = 0
(b) 2x + y – 1 = 0
(c) 2x – y + 1 = 0
(d) x – y + 1 = 0
Solution:
(b) 2x + y – 1 = 0

Question 39.
f(x) = x⁴ – 62x² + ax + 9 attains its maximum value at x = 1 in the interval [0, 2]. Find the value of ‘a’.
(a) 12
(b) 120
(c) 1
(d) 1200
Solution:
(b) 120

Question 40.
If sin (x + y) = log (x + y) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is:
(a) 2
(b) -2
(c) 1
(d) -1
Solution:
(d) -1

Question 41.
If f(x) = 2x and g(x) = \(\frac{x^2+1}{2}\) then which of the following can be a discontinuous function?
(a) F(x) + g(x)
(b) f(x) – g(x)
(c) f(x) . g(x)
(d) \(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}\)

Question 42.
If f(x) = x² sin (‘) where x ≠ 0 then the value of the function f at x = 0, so that the function is continuous at x = 0 is
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) none of these
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 43.
The derivative of cos^-1 (2x² – 1) with respect to cos^-1 x
(a) 2
(b) \(\frac{-1}{2 \sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
(c) \(\frac{2}{x}\)
(d) 1 – x²
Solution:
(a) 2

Question 44.
If y = \(\sqrt{\sin x+y}\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is equal to:
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{1-2 y}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin x}{1-2 y}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y-1}\)
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)

Question 45.
Find the value of \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\) if x = asec³ θ and x = atan³ θ is:
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
(b) –\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(d) 1
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Question 46.
If x²y = e^x-y then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is:
(a) \(\frac{1+x}{1+\log x}\)
(b) \(\frac{1-x}{1+\log x}\)
(c) \(\frac{x}{1+\log x}\)
(d) \(\frac{x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)

Question 47.
Differential coefficient of sec (tan^-1 x) is:
(a) \(\frac{x}{1+x^2}\)
(b) \(x \sqrt{1+x^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)

Question 48.
The function f(x) = x^x is decreasing in the interval:
(a) (0, e)
(b) (0, \(\frac{1}{e}\))
(c) (0, 1)
(d) none of these
Solution:
(b) (0, \(\frac{1}{e}\))

(B) Very Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
If f'(2⁺) = 0 and f'(2^–) = 0, then is f(x) continuous at x = 2?
Solution:
f'(2⁺) = 0 and f'(2^–) = 0
⇒ f is differentiable at x = 2
⇒ f is continuous at x = 2.

Question 2.
If Φ(x) = f(x) + f(1 – x), f'(x) = 0 for 0 < x < 1, then is x = a point of maxima or minima of Φ(x)?
Solution:
Let Φ(x) = f(x) + f(1 – x)
⇒ Φ’ = f'(x) – f'(1 – x)
Φ”(x) = f”(x) + f”(1 – x)
Now Φ'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = f'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) – f'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = 0
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\) is a critical point.
Φ”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = f”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) – f”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = 0
⇒ x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) is neither a point of local maxima nor a point of local minima.

Question 3.
Write the interval in which the function f(x) = sin^-1 (2 – x) is differentiable.
Solution:
f(x) = sin^-1 (2 – x) is differentiable for
1 – (2 – x)² > 0.
⇒ (2 – x)² < 1
⇒ -1 < 2 – x < 1
⇒ -3 < -x < -1
⇒ 3 > x < 1
⇒ 1 < x < 3
⇒ x ∈ (1, 3)
∴ f is differentiable on (1, 3)

Question 4.
Write the set of values of x for which the function f(x) = sin x – x is increasing.
Solution:
f(x) = sin x – x
⇒ f'(x) = cos x – 1 ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
∴ f(x) is increasing for all x ∈ R

Question 5.
Write the differential coefficient of e^{[x] ln (x + 1)} where 3 ≤ x < 4 with respect to x.
Solution:
Let y = e
= e^3ln(x+1) (∵ 3 ≤ x < 4)
= \(e^{\ln (x+1)^3}\) = (x + 1)³
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 3(x + 1)²

Question 6.
Write a logarithmic function which is differentiable only in the open interval (-1, 1).
Solution:
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\ln \left|\sin ^{-1} x\right|, x \neq 0 \\
1, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) is differentiable only on (-1, 1).

Question 7.
Write a function which has both relative and absolute maximum at the point (1, 2).
Solution:
f(x) = -x² + 2x + 1 on [0, 1] has relative and absolute maximum at (1, 2).

Question 8.
Write the derivation of e^3logx with respect to x².
Solution:
Let u = e^3lnx = e^lnx = \(e^{\ln x^3}\)= x³ and v = x²
∴ \(\frac{d u}{d x}\) = 3x² and \(\frac{d v}{d x}\) = 2x
∴ Derivative of u w.r.t. v is
\(\frac{d u}{d v}\) = \(\frac{3 x^2}{2 x}\) = \(\frac{3 x}{2}\)

Question 9.
Write the maximum value of the function y = x⁵ in the interval [1, 5]:
Solution:
y = x⁵
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 5x⁴ > 0 ∀ x ∈ [1, 5]
i.e y is strictly increasing in the given interval.
Thus the maximum value of
y = x⁵ = 5⁵ = 3125

Question 10.
Differentiate a^lnx with respect to x
Solution:
\(\frac{d}{d x}\)(a^{ln x}) = a^{ln x} (ln a)\(\frac{d}{d x}\)ln x
= \(\frac{a^{\ln x} \ln a}{x}\)

Question 11.
Mention the values of x for which x the function f(x) = x³ – 12x is increasing.
Solution:
Given f(x) = x³ – 12x
f is increasing if f'(x) > 0
⇒ 3x² – 12 > 0
⇒ x² > 4
⇒ -2 > x > 2
⇒ x ∈ (-∞, -2) ∪ (2, ∞)

Question 12.
Differentiate sin^-1 (cos x) with respect to x.
Solution:
\(\frac{d}{d x}\)sin^-1 (cos x) = \(\frac{d}{d x}\)sin^-1 sin (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) – x)
= \(\frac{d}{d x}\) (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) – x) = 1

Question 13.
Write the equation of the tangent to the curve y = |x| at the point (-2, 2).
Solution:
y = |x| = \(\left\{\begin{aligned}
x, & x \geq 0 \\
-x, & x<0
\end{aligned}\right.\)
When x < 0, \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -1
which is the slope of the tangent at (-2, 2).
Equation of the required tangent is
y – 2 = (-1) (x + 2)
⇒ y = -x
⇒ x + y = 0.

Question 14.
What is the derivative of sec^-1 x with respect to x if x < -1?
Solution:
Let y = sec^-1 x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{|x| \sqrt{x^2-1}}\)
when x < (-1) we have |x| = -x
∴ \(\left.\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\right]_{\mathrm{x}<(-1)}\) = \(\frac{(-1)}{x \sqrt{x^2-1}}\)

Question 15.
Write the set of points where the function f(x) = x³ has relative (local) extrema.
Solution:
f(x) = x³
⇒ f'(x) = 3x²
f'(x) = 0
⇒ x = 0
But f”(x) = 6x = 0 when x = 0
∴ x = 0 is not a point of local extrema.
∴ Hence the set of points where f has relative extrema = Φ.

Question 16.
In which interval of x the function \(\frac{\ln \mathbf{x}}{x}\) is decreasing?
Solution:
Let f(x) = \(\frac{\ln x}{x}\)
⇒ f'(x) = \(\frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{x}-\ln x}{x^2}\) = \(\frac{1-\ln x}{x^2}\)
f is decreasing for
f'(x) < 0 ⇒ \(\frac{1-\ln x}{x^2}\) < 0
⇒ 1 – ln x < 0 (∵ x² > 0)
⇒ 1 < ln x
⇒ ln x > 1
⇒ x e (e, ∞).

(C) Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
If y = \(e^{x^{e^{e^{e^{x^x…..}}}}}\), then find \(\frac{d \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\).
Solution:

Question 2.
If \(\frac{\mathbf{d}^2 \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d x}^2}\), if x = a cosΦ and y = b sinΦ.
Solution:
x = a cosΦ, y = b sinΦ

Question 3.
Find the point on the curve x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0, where the normal to the curve is parallel to the x – axis.
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is
x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0 … (1)
Differentiang we get

Question 4.
Find the intervals in which the function y = \(\frac{\ln x}{x}\) is increasing and decreasing.
Solution:

Question 5.
Differentiate y = tan^-1\(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Solution:

Question 6.
Differentiate y = (sin y)^{sin 2x}
Solution:
y = (sin y)^{sin 2x}
⇒ In y = sin 2x ln (sin y)

Question 7.
Test the differentiability and continuity of the following function at x = 0:
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
\frac{1-e^{-x}}{x} & x \neq 0 \\
1 & x=0
\end{array}\right.\)
Solution:
Given function is


As LHD = RHD, we have the given function is differentiable at x = 0 and f'(0) = –\(\frac{1}{2}\).

Question 8.
Show that the sum of intercepts on the co-ordinate axes of any tangent to the curve
√x + √y = √a is constant.
Solution:
Given curve √x + √y = √a … (1)

Question 9.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = (log x)² at x = \(\frac{1}{e}\).
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is
y = (log x)²

Question 10.
If y = x + \(\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x+\cdots \cdots \infty}}\), find \(\frac{\mathbf{d y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\), the rhs being a valid expression.
Solution:

Question 11.
Differentiate sec^-1 (\(\frac{1}{2 x^2-1}\)) with respect to \(\sqrt{1-x^2}\).
Solution:

Question 12.
Find \(\frac{d \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d t}}\) , when y = sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 \sqrt{t}-1}{t^2}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 13.
Find \(\frac{\mathbf{d y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\) , if x^myⁿ = \(\left(\frac{\mathbf{x}}{\mathbf{y}}\right)^{\mathrm{m}+\mathrm{n}}\)
Solution:

Question 14.
If x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ, prove that:
\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = –\(\frac{b^4}{a^2 y^3}\)
Solution:

Question 15.
Find the interval where the following function is increasing:
y = sin x + cos x, x ∈ [0, 2π].
Solution:
y = sin x + cos x, x ∈ [0, 2π].

Question 16.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\), when y^x = x^{sin y}.
Solution:
y^x = x^{sin y}
Taking log of both sides we get,
x ln y = (sin y) ln x
Differentiating with respect to x we get,

Question 17.
Show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is independent of t,
if cos x = \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+t^2}}\), sin y = \(\frac{2 t}{1+t^2}\)
Solution:
cos x = \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+t^2}}\), sin y = \(\frac{2 t}{1+t^2}\)
Let t = tan θ
∴ cos x = cos θ, sin y = sin 2θ
⇒ y = 2θ, x = θ
⇒ y = 2x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 which is independent of t.

Question 18.
Show that 2sin x + tan x > 3x for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
Solution:
Let f(x) = 2sin x + tan x – 3x
⇒ f'(x) = 2cos x + sec² x – 3
Let g(x) = f'(x) = 2cos x + sec² x – 3
⇒ g'(x) = -2sin x + 2sec² x tan x
= 2sin x (sec³ x – 1) ≥ 0
for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
∴ g is an increasing function on (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
But g(0) = 0
∴ g(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ f is an increasing function on (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
But f(0) = 0
∴ f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ 2sin x + tan x ≥ 3x for x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))

Question 19.
Show that no two normals to a parabola are parallel.
Solution:
Let us consider the parabola y² = 4ax – (1) and A(at₁², 2at₁) and B (at₂², 2at₂) are any two points on its from (1)

As t₁ ≠ t₂ we have no two normals of a parabola are parallel.

Question 20.
Examine the differentiability of In x² for all real values of x.
Solution:
Let f(x) = In (x²) = 2 ln |x|
Clearly Dom f = R – {0}
Let any a ∈ Dom f.

Question 21.
Find the derivative of x^{sin x} with respect to x.
Solution:
Let y = x^{sin x} = e^{(sin x)/nx}

Question 22.
Differentiate sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\right)\) with respect to cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}\right)\).
Solution:

Question 23.
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve x = 2(t – sin t), y = 2(1 – cos t) at t = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\).
Solution:

Question 24.
If cos y = x cos(a + y), then show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{\cos ^2(a+y)}{\sin a}\).
Solution:

Question 25.
Find the extreme values of the function y = x + \(\frac{y}{x}\).
Solution:

Question 26.
Find the intervals where the following function is (i) increasing, (ii) decreasing:
f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\mathbf{x}^2+1, & x \leq-3 \\ x^3-8 x+13, & x>-3\end{cases}\)
Solution:
Given f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\mathbf{x}^2+1, & x \leq-3 \\ x^3-8 x+13, & x>-3\end{cases}\)
Clearly f is not differentiable at x = -3.
and f ‘(x) = \(\begin{cases}2 \mathrm{x}, & \mathrm{x}>-3 \\ 3 \mathrm{x}^2-8 & \mathrm{x}<-3 \\ \text { does not exist } & \text { for } \mathrm{x}=-3\end{cases}\)
Case – 1: x > -3
Clearly f'(x) > 0 for x > 0 and f'(x) < 0 for -3 < x < 0
∴ f is increasing in (0, ∞) and decreasing in (-3, 0).
Case – 2: x < -3
Clearly for x < -3, f(x) = 3x² – 8 > 0
i.e., f is increasing in (-∞, -3)
Thus f is increasing in (-∞, -3) ∪ (0, ∞) and decreasing in (-3, 0).

Question 27.
Prove that:
y = In tan \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{x}{2}\right)\) ⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = sec x
Solution:

Question 28.
Differentiate with respect to x:
y = \(2^{x^2}\) + tan^-1 \(\left(\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{\cos x+\sin x}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 29.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x = y² – 1 at the point where the slope of the normal to the curve is (-2).
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is x = y² – 1.

Question 30.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if y = \(\log _{\left(x^2\right)}\)3.
Solution:

Question 31.
Write why the function sin^-1 \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) cannot be differentiated anywhere.
Solution:

⇒ 1 – x² ≥ 1
⇒ x = 0
∴ DOM of {0 3}
But f is not defined in a deleted interval of x = 0.
Hence f is not differentiable at x = 0 and hence not differentiable anywhere.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 My Mother Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 My Mother

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Chapter 5 My Mother Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – 1

Gist:
This unit begins with Chaplin’s description of his father; the latter liked to live in a state of isolation. He was not only an entertainer, but also a silent, thoughtful man with dark eyes. In his mother’s view, his father possessed a Napoleonic appearance. He was endowed with a grave and deep voice. Above all, he was a very good artist. In those days, he earned forty pounds a week. His addiction to drinking led to hic parent’s divorce. The writer refers to the entertainers of those times. They easily drank in those days, because all theatres sold alcohol. Some theatres earned greater profit in the bar than from the box office.

A number of stars earned handsomely because of their talent as well as their lavish spending on drinks. This destroyed many artists. The writer’s mother said that her husband was a die-hard drunkard, and therefore, died an early death at the age of thirty-seven. The mother’s attitude towards Chaplin’s father was blend of sympathy and sadness. He burst into a devastating temper at the time of drinking. When Chaplin was only one-year-old, his parents were divorced. A star as she was, she did not seek a maintenance. She looked after herself and her children without any difficulty. However, misfortune also could make her ask for relief. At last her theatrical engagement collapsed, when she suffered from prolonged inflammation of larynx as a result of slight cold.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହି ଭାଗର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାଙ୍କ କଥା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଏକୁଟିଆ ରହିବାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲେ । ସେ କେବଳ ଜଣେ ଅଭିନେତା ନ ଥିଲେ, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ନୀରବ ଓ ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଥିଲେ । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ନୋପୋଲିୟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଦେଖା ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଥିଲା ଗୁରୁଗମ୍ଭୀର । ସେ ଜଣେ ସୁନ୍ଦର କଳାକାର ଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ସପ୍ତାହକୁ ଚାଳିଶ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଆୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ମଦନିଶା ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦର କାରଣ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଲେଖକ ତତ୍କାଳୀନ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀଙ୍କ ଚରିତ୍ର ଚିତ୍ରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେମା ନେ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ କରୁଥିଲେ । କାରଣ ସବୁ ଥୁଟର ମଦ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରୁଥିଲେ।

ନାଟକ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଥୁଟରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଦବିକ୍ରିରୁ ବେଶୀ ଟଙ୍କା ଉପାର୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରତିଭା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏବଂ ଥୁଟରର ମଦଶାଳାରେ ବେଶୀ ଟଙ୍କା ‘ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ କରୁଥିବାରୁ ଅନେକ କଳାକାର ବହୁଳ ପରିମାଣରେ ଟଙ୍କା ପାଉଥିଲେ । ଏହା ଅନେକ କଳାକାରଙ୍କର ନଷ୍ଟର କାରଣ ଥିଲା । ମା’ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ କୁହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଭୟଙ୍କର ମଦ୍ୟପ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ସେ ମାତ୍ର ୩୭ ବର୍ଷରେ ଅକାଳରେ ମରିଗଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ବାପାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଭଙ୍ଗୀ ଥିଲା ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସହାନୁଭୂତିର ଏକ ମିଶ୍ରିତ ଭାବନା । ମଦ ପିଇବା ସମୟରେ ସେ ଭୟଙ୍କର କ୍ରୋଧୀ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳ ଚାପଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ମାତ୍ର ଏକ ବର୍ଷ, ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେହେତୁ ସେ ଏକ ତାରକା ଥିଲେ, ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଦାବି କରି ନ ଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ବିପତ୍ତି ସମୟରେ ସେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଲୋଡୁଥିଲେ । ସର୍ବଶେଷରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥିଏଟରରେ କାମ ମିଳିବା କମିଗଲା, କାରଣ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଥଣ୍ଡା ଯୋଗୁଁ ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ବହୁ ସମୟ ଧରି ଖରାପ ହୋଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା ।

Glossary :
hardly : କ୍ବଚିତ୍
aware of : know (ଜାଣିବା)
vaudevillian: an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience ଅଭିନୟ କରନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ବାଦ୍ୟ
quiet: ଶାନ୍ତ
brooding: thoughtful (ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ)
light : ହାଲୁକା
baritone: grave and deep (male voice) (ଗମ୍ଭୀର ସ୍ଵର)
artist: କଳାକାର
considerable: substantial (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ)
large: ପ୍ରଚୁର
Laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx (କଣ୍ଠରେ ସଂକ୍ରମଣ)
progressively worse : ଦ୍ରୁତ ଗତିରେ ଖରାପ
crack: ଫାଟ
ruined: ବରବାଦ
violent: ହିଂସାତ୍ମକ
tantrums: childish outburst of temper (ପିଲାଳିଆ ରାଗ)
frantic: ରୋମାଞ୍ଚକର
bitterness: ତିକ୍ତତା
drunkenness : ମଦ୍ୟାସକ୍ତ ଅବସ୍ଥା
ruefully: sadly (ଦୁଃଖରେ)
“You gutter’: କ୍ରୋଧରେ ମା’ Chaplin ଙ୍କୁ କୁହିଛି, ‘ତୁ ଦିନେ ତୋ ବାପାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଦୁଃଖ ଭୋଗିବୁ ।’’
alimony: means of living (ଭରଣପୋଷଣ)
ill fortune: ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟ
booing: a sound uttered to show dislike, scorn, or disappointment (ଘୃଣାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ସ୍ଵର)
impaired: weakened
fell off : କମିଗଲା

Think it out

Question 1.
What does Chaplin speak about his father?
Answer:
Chaplin states that his father liked to live in a state of isolation. He was an entertainer, a silent, thoughtful man with dark eyes. He learnt from his mother that his father looking like Napoleon, was endowed with a deep voice. He was a beautiful artist. He was addicted to drinking which eventually led to his death at the age of thirty-seven. He flew into a devastating temper at the time of drinking. He was legally seprated from his mother.

Question 2.
What account of the vaudevillians do you get from the text?
Answer:
From the text we learn that vandevillians were die-hard drunkards. They earned handsomely not only for their talent, but because of they spent most part of their earnings at the theatre bar. As a result, many artists were ruined by drinking.

Question 3.
What is the mother’s attitude towards Charlie’s father?
Answer:
The mother’s attitude towards Charlie’s father is a blend of sympathy and sadness. She never showed bitterness towards him.

Question 4.
Why did his mother’s theatrical engagements fall off?
Answer:
His mother’s voice lost her strength. A little cold caused an inflammation of her larynx. Her suffering continued for weeks. Nevertheless, she was compelled to go on working and therefore, her voice went from bad to worse. In the middle of singing the cracking in her voice or its sudden disappearance into a low sound drew laughter and shouting from the audience. Her health deteriorated. She grew nervous. As a result, mother’s theatrical engagements fell off.

Unit – II

The mother’s miserable vocal condition made Chaplin go to the stage at the age of five. She did not like him to live alone in rented rooms at night. Therefore, she brought him to the theatre. His mother entertained mostly soldiers who were indecent to the core. They made his mother and other performers objects of derision and laughter. Chaplin walks down the memory lane. While standing in the wings, he saw her voice crack and became almost inaudible. The audience laughed at her miserable condition. They sang and whistled aloud. The noise did not stop.

Then his mother was compelled to walk off the stage. When she left it, she was quite worried. Chaplin still remembers the stage manager grabbing him by the hand followed by a rational appeal to the audience and leaving him on the stage alone. He rose to the occasion. In the midst of the glare of footlights and smoking audience, he began to sing a famous song called Jack Jones. His song, though unfinished, evoked a tremendous positive response from the typical audience. They threw money to the stage in abundance. In short, the audience responded quite enthusiastically to his debut on the stage. Chaplin wanted to stop, pick the money and sing again and his words drew peals of laughter from the audience.

They learnt that he was ready to sing again. The stage manager handed over the money to his mother. Then Chaplin interacted with the audience, danced and sang many songs imitating one of his mother’s on Irish march. He repeated the chorus. He keenly imitated his mother’s cracking voice amidst the tumultuous cheer and laughter and money-throwing of the audience. When mother appeared on the stage to take him, her presence was greeted with roaring applause. That night marked Chaplin’s first performance on the stage. Mother never performed again. Mother’s voice never came to its former condition. When her career on the stage ended, his mother made her living by spending a little money she had saved and this had disappeared soon. And then she mortgaged jewellery and other small belongings. Nevertheless, she was hopeful about regaining her voice.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୟନୀୟ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଞ୍ଚବର୍ଷ ବୟସର ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟାଣି ନେଇଥିଲା । ରାତିରେ ମା’ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଭଡ଼ାଘର କୋଠରି ଭିତରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ଛାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଥ୍ଟରକୁ ଆଣୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ପ୍ରାୟ ସୈନିକମାନଙ୍କର ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସୈନିକମାନେ ବହୁମାତ୍ରାରେ ଅସଭ୍ୟ ଥିଲେ । ଏକଦା ମଞ୍ଚର ଏକ କୋଣରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ମା’ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଲା ଏବଂ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଅସହାୟତାରେ ଥଟ୍ଟା କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ଉଚ୍ଚସ୍ୱରରେ ସିସିକାରୀ ମାରିଲେ ।

କୋଳାହଳ ବନ୍ଦ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ବାଧ୍ୟହୋଇ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଆସିଲେ । ସେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ପରିଚାଳକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜବରଦସ୍ତ ଟାଣି ଆଣି ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ଛାଡ଼ିଯିବାର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଏବେବି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ସ୍ମୃତିରେ ରହିଛି । ସେ ଚମତ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲେ । ଝଲସୁଥିବା ଆଲୋକ ଏବଂ ଧୂମ୍ରପାନ କରୁଥିବା ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ସେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ Jack Jones ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଏହି ପ୍ରଥମ ପଦାର୍ପଣ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଲା । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ ।

ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟଙ୍କା ଗୋଟାଇବେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବେ ବୋଲି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ । ଏଥିରେ ଶ୍ରୋତୃମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ପରିଚାଳକ ସବୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ଦେଇଦେଲେ । ଏହାପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟାଳାପ କଲେ, ନାଚିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅନେକ ଗୀତ ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇଲେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର Irish march ତାଙ୍କର ଭଗ୍ନ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଟର ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇବା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାନ୍ବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ହସ, ପ୍ରଫୁଲ୍ଲତା ଏବଂ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପଡ଼ା ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ନେବାପାଇଁ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚକୁ ଆସିବାବେଳେ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାକୁ ଉଚ୍ଛସିତ ପ୍ରଶଂସାରେ ପୋତି ପକାଇଥିଲେ । ସେଇ ରାତି ଥିଲା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ମଞ୍ଚ ଅଭିନୟ । ମା’ଙ୍କର ତାହା ଶେଷ ଅଭିନୟ ଥିଲା । ମା’ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ସ୍ବର ଫେରି ପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଆର୍ଥିକ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଅବନତି ଘଟିଲା । କିଛି ଟଙ୍କା ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିଥିବାରୁ ସେ ଜୀବନ ଧାରଣ କରିନେଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ସରିଗଲା । ତା’ ପରେ ସେ ଗହଣା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବନ୍ଧକ ରଖିଲେ । ଆଶା କରିଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ସ୍ଵର ଫେରିଆସିବ ।

Glossary :
Owing to: because of
vocal condition : କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅବସ୍ଥା
Aldershot : a town in south central England
grubby: dirty (ଅପରିଷ୍କାର)
mean: small
Catering : satisfying
rowdy: noisy causing trouble
excuse: plea
deride: treat with scorn
ridicule: make fun of, laugh at (ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିବା)
terror: ଭୟ
falsetto: a false voice (କୃତ୍ରିମ ସ୍ୱର)
valueless: meaningless (ÅDIA)
quite : totally (ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ )
walk off: left (ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା|ଛାଡ଼ି
upset: disappointed
letting : allowing (ଅନୁମତି ଦେବା)
turmoil : noise (କୋଳାହଳ)
glare : ତୀବ୍ର ଆଲୋକ
half way through : ଅଧା ଗୀତ ଗାଉଥ‌ିବା ସମୟରେ
a shower of money : ଟଙ୍କା ବୃଷ୍ଟି
poured: ଗଦା ହେଲା
pick up: collect (ଗୋଟାଇ ନେବା)
gather : ଏକାଠି କରିବା
Conveyed: ଜଣେଇ ଦିଆଗଲା
at home : comfortable (ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛନ୍ଦ)
chorus: ମିଳିତ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ
impact: ପ୍ରଭାବ
evoked: generated (ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କଲା)
tremendous : ବହୁତ
applause: କରତାଳି
fate: ଭାଗ୍ୟ
destiny : fate (ଭାଗ୍ୟ)
heed: notice (ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା )
pity: ଦୟା
justice: ନ୍ୟାୟ
dealt with: behaved ଦେଖାଇଲେ )
regained: ଫେରି ପାଇଲେ
vanished: ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲା
pawned: mortgaged (ବନ୍ଧା ପକାଇଲେ)

Think it out

Question 1.
How and why did Charlie first go to the theatre?
Answer:
Mother usually went to the theatre at night. Therefore, she did not want Charlie to stay alone in rented rooms. Besides, her vocal condition was not in a good shape. These factors made Charlie first go to the theatre at the age of five.

Question 2.
Why did his mother walk off the stage?
Answer:
The writer remembers standing on the side of the stage when mother’s voice crecked and relapsed into a state of slow sound. To his utter confusion, she; evoked a ridiculous response from the audience. They started laughing, singing and whistling loudly. As a result, his mother walked off the stage.

Question 3.
How did Charlie make his debut on the stage?
Answer:
Her cracking voice and the audience’s contemptuous treatment to her made Charlie’s mother walk off the stage. Then she came into the wings and argued with the stage manager. But the stage manager, being influenced by the Charlie’s performance before his ‘mother’s friends begged her permission to let Charlie go on to the stage. Then amidst of loud uproar led Charlie by the hand. After appealing to the audience, she left Charlie on the stage alone. Then Charlie rose to the occasion.

Question 4.
How did the audience respond to his frist performance on the stage?
Answer:
At first Charlie sang a popular song called Jack Jones. It enthralled the audience. Money flowed to the stage. Chaplin’s announcement to gather the money first and then sing drew laughter from the audience. The stage manager gave the money to Chaplin’s mother; then Chaplin interacted with the audience, danced and imitated many songs including his mother’s Irish march. His perfect imitation of mother’s cracking voice profoundly impressed the audience. His first appearance on the stage evoked their laughter, lusty cheers and at last more money-throwing.

Question 5.
How did his mother make her living when her career on the stage ended?
Answer:
When her career on the stage ended, his mother made her living by spending a little money she had saved and mortgaging her jewellery and other small belongings.

Unit – III

Gist:
Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of suffering when she gave up stage performance. All their belongings went down. Charlie’s mother turned to religion with a hope that she would get back her voice again. Her regular visit to Christ Church in the Westminister Bridge Road was a case in point. Every Sunday, Chaplin was an avid listener to Bach’s organic music. He, with painful impatience, lent his ears to Reverend EB. Meyer’s enthusiastic and dramatic voice that reverbrated the long central part of the church. His scintillating oration moved mother to tears.

Charlie remembers the Holy Communion on the hot summer’s day. The gathering in the church was treated to cool tasty grape-juice in silvery cups. Mother gently restrained him drink it excessively. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible filled him with great relief. As a result, there would be no sermons but prayers and the final religious songs. Mother’s theatrical world became a thing of the past. They lived in a state of oppressive misery. Mother’s suffering knew no bounds.

She fell a victim to the social condition of the Victorian age where fabulous wealth and abject poverty were rolled into society and where poorclass women could not but do small works. Small, gracious, sensitive as she was, mother endured the hardships without any protest. Her employment as a nurse was of short duration. She made theatrical costumes. She was able to earn a little for her skilful needle-work and dress making for the members of the church.. In spite of her struggle, their life of hardship did not change.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଅଭିନୟ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଓ ସେ ବହୁ କଷ୍ଟ ଭୋଗ କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠକୁ ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଫେରି ପାଇବା ଆଶାରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଧର୍ମକୁ ଆଦରି ନେଲେ । ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସେ ଗୀର୍ଜାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସମ୍ମାନନୀୟ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ୍ତ ସ୍ବରରେ ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଲମ୍ବା ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେଉଥିଲା

ବେଳେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭାଷଣ ମା’ଙ୍କ ଆସ୍‌ରେ ଲୁହ ଭରି ଦେଇଥିଲା । ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମଦିନର ଏକ ପବିତ୍ର ସମାବେଶକୁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି ।ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଥଣ୍ଡା ରୁପା କପ୍‌ରେ ସୁସ୍ଵାଦୁ ଅଙ୍ଗୁର ରସ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକ ବାଇବେଲ ବନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ ତାହା ଧର୍ମଶିକ୍ଷାର ଅନ୍ତକୁ ସୂଚାଇ ଦେଉଥିଲା । ଦିନ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଥ୍ଟର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଦୁନିଆ ଅତୀତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାର ଅଭାବ ନୂଆ କାମ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ଥିଲା ।

ଅକୁହା କଷ୍ଟ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ସେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖୁଥିଲେ । ଭିକ୍ଟେରିୟାନ ଯୁଗର ଦାରିଦ୍ର୍ୟ ପ୍ରପୀଡ଼ିତା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛୋଟ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡୁଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେ ଧାଈର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଥିଲା । ଏଇସବୁ ଦୟନୀୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ହତୋତ୍ସାହ ହୋଇଯାଇ ନଥିଲେ । ସେ ଛୁଞ୍ଚ୍ କାମରେ ନିପୁଣା ଥିଲେ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସେ ପୋଷାକ ତିଆରି କରୁଥିଲେ । ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Glossary:
dwindling: going down
drabber: more miserable
turned to: looked to
shuffling: walking slowly and noisily without lifting one’s feet (ଘୋଷାରି ଚାଲିବା)
orations: speeches (ବକ୍ତୃତା)
appealing: touching the feelings (ଭାବନା ଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ )
occasionally : at times (ବେଳେବେଳେ)
delicious: ସ୍ୱାଦିଷ୍ଟ
congragation : gathering (ସମ୍ମଳନ)
relieved: ଆଶ୍ଵସ୍ତ ହେଲେ
sermon: a speech made by a priest (ପୂଜକଙ୍କ ଧର୍ମବାଣୀ)
hymn: religious song (ଧର୍ମସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ)
wretched: in a miserable state
interim: gap (ବ୍ୟବଧାନ)
travail: painful work
cheerless: dull
fervent: enthusiastic (ଉତ୍ସାହଜନକ)
echoing: ଇକୋ
nave: long central part of the church (ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚର ଦୀର୍ଘ)
twilight: ଗୋଧୂଳି ସମୟ
untutored: did not learn (ଶିଖ୍ ନ)
handicapped: (here) faced problem (ବାଧା ପାଇଲା)
Dainty: small and attractive in a delicate way
sensitive: likely to be upset easily (ସଚେତନ)
odds: obstacles (ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ)
Victorian era: ଭିକ୍ଟୋରିଆନ୍ ଯୁଗ
menial work : work considered of low status (ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦାହୀନ କାମ)
drudges: menial work like the job of an attendant
nevertheless: but still
resourceful: good at finding with effective ways to deal problems
costumes: ପୋଷାକ
But…..us: Chaplin says that mother’s income was not sufficient for their existence.

Think it out

Question 1.
Why did Charlie’s mother turn to religion?
Answer:
Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of suffering when she gave up stage performance. All their belongings went down. Charlie’s mother turned to religion with a hope that she would get back her voice again.

Question 2.
How does Charlie remember the Holy Communion on one hot summer’s day?
Answer:
Charlie’s mind goes back to the Holy Communion on one hot summer’s day. The gathering was treated to tasty grape-juice contained in the cool silver cup. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible marked the end of preaching religious teaching and the beginning of prayers and the final religious song.

Question 3.
Give an account of his mother’s suffering.
Answer:
With the disappearance of her theatrical world, mother along with Charlie lived amidst miserable conditions. Her lack of experience in any other field was an obstacle to find a job. Small, graceful and sensitive as she was, his mother struggled against unbelievably hostile conditions in a Victorian age when poor-class women were bound to resort to do low work. At times, mother joined the nursing work. She earned a little by making dresses for the members of the church. But it was not enough for their existence.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English My Mother Important Questions and Answers

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
Chaplin’s father was ____________.
(A) thoughtful
(B) silent
(C) a brilliant artist
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) a brilliant artist

Question 2.
He was endowed with a __________ voice.
(A)soft
(B) harsh
(C) magical
(D) grave and deep
Answer:
(D) grave and deep

Question 3.
The vaudevillians during Chaplin’s time were –
(A) refined
(B) exceptionally brilliant artists
(C) quite sensitive
(D) addicted to drinking
Answer:
(D) addicted to drinking

Question 4.
A majority of stars were paid _____________ because they spent their money lavishly at the theatre bar.
(A) miserably
(B) weekly
(C) handsomely
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) handsomely

Question 5.
Chaplin’s father died because of his –
(A) alcoholic habit
(B) addiction to drinking
(C) utter carelessness
(D) isolation from his family
Answer:
(A) alcoholic habit

Question 6.
When drinking, Chaplin’s father was in a ________mood.
(A) defensive
(B) frustrating
(C) violent
(D) sober
Answer:
(C) violent

Question 7.
Chaplin’s parents __________ in his infancy.
(A) divorced
(B) were fine
(C) were typical
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) divorced

Question 8.
His mother was a ___________singer.
(A) non-descript
(B) moderate
(C) celebrated
(D) gifted
Answer:
(C) celebrated

Question 9.
The word ‘laryngitis’ means –
(A) weak
(B) inflammation of the larynx
(C) incurably weak
(D) long breaths
Answer:
(B) inflammation of the larynx

Question 10.
The cracking voice of Chaplin’s mother was met with ____________ responses from the audience.
(A) ridiculous
(B) sorrowful
(C) delirious
(D) gloomy
Answer:
(A) ridiculous

Question 11.
Chaplin made his ___________appearance on the stage, when he was five.
(A) brilliant
(B) first and last
(C) maiden
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) maiden

Question 12.
The cracking voice of Chaplin’s mother met with the audeience’s _______.
(A) shock
(B) wrath
(C) derision
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) derision

Question 13.
Mother led Chaplin to the stage amidst great _________.
(A) noise
(B) excitement
(C) pleasure
(D) uncertainty
Answer:
(A) noise

Question 14.
Jack Jones was a great ___________.
(A) comedy
(B) lyric
(C) elegy
(D) song
Answer:
(D) song

Question 15.
Chaplin’s first appearance on the stage was quite _________.
(A) encouraging
(B) hopeless
(C) contemptuous
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) encouraging

Question 16.
Presence of Chaplin’s mother on the stage was __________.
(A) painful
(B) sorrowful
(C) electrifying
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) electrifying

Question 17.
At last, fate ________on her.
(A) sailed
(B) showered
(C) frowned
(D) both (A) and (B)
Answer:
(C) frowned

Question 18.
In her moment of crisis, Chaplin’s mother resorted to –
(A) saying prayers
(B) religion
(C) the priest’s help
(D)none of these
Answer:
(B) religion

Question 19.
The sight of mother’s tear _________ Chaplin a little.
(A) shocked
(B) saddened
(C) vexed
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) vexed

Question 20.
After going to church, mother’s relationship with her friends almost –
(A) snapped
(B) completely abated
(C) turned strange
(D) soured
Answer:
(A) snapped

Question 21.
The word ’travail’ means ___________.
(A) wandering
(B) tiredness
(C) tordy
(D) painful work
Answer:
(D) painful work

Question 22.
The Victorian age is marked by ___________and poverty.
(A) comfort
(B) sloth
(C) affluence
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) affluence

Question 23.
Chaplin’s mother was short, __________and sensitive.
(A) fat
(B) weak
(C) pretty
(D) dainty
Answer:
(D) dainty

Question 24.
During Chaplin’s time, job such as, nursing was quite ______.
(A) popular
(B) infrequent
(C) prestigeous
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) infrequent

Question 25.
Despite all odds, Chaplin’s mother was _________.
(A) fine
(B) tolerant
(C) happy
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) tolerant

Introducing the Author :
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889-1977) is one of the greatest comedians of the silent movies. It is an record that Chaplin made his first stage appearance when he was five as a replacement for his mother. Till twenty he could hardly find an anchor and drifted until he came to the United States, after having made a name as a child actor. The rapidly growing film industry and the daring experiments of producers opened new vistas for Chaplin. He was soon recognised as ‘an original and indisputable laughgetter’, his fantastic apparel becoming a symbol of great comedy. Almost every picture in which he featured became famous. Among these are ‘The Floor Walker’, ‘The Count’, ‘The Immigrant’, ‘Easy Street’, ‘The Gold Rush’, ‘City Lights’, ‘Monsieur Verdoux’ and then ‘Lime Light’, his great hit. Bernard Shaw called Chaplin ‘the only genius developed by the motion pictures’, Chaplin produced ‘Lime Light’ at the age of sixty three, when it looked as if he had retired. But the film was hailed as ‘a kind of cinematic poem about humanity’, and Chaplin as one of the supreme geniuses of the film world and comedy.

About the Story :
‘‘My Mother”, an extract from Chaplin’s ‘My Autobiography’ deals with the nature of his father and mother. This article also presents Charlie’s first appearance on the stage and the sufferings he and his mother had experienced when the latter relinquished the stage. A superb touch of clarity characterised ‘‘My Mother”.

ବିଷୟ ସୂଚନା :
ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ‘My Autobiography’ରୁ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା “My Mother” ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରିଛି । ଏହି ବିଷୟଟି ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅବିର୍ଭାବ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ମଞ୍ଚ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା ପରେ ସେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବା ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶା ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛି । ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ହେଉଛି “My Mother” ଗଳ୍ପଟିର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ |

Summary :
Walking down the memory lane, Chaplin reminisces his father, who was an entertainer, a silent, a thoughtful man with dark eyes. He learnt from his mother that his father, looking like Napoleon, was endowed with a deep voice. He was a beautiful artist. Even in those days when jobs were scarce, he earned the substantial income of forty pounds a week. Mother also said that his father’s addiction to drinking was the; cause of their divorce. Chaplin throws light on the entertainers of the time. They were die-hard drunkards, because all theatres dealt in alcohol. Handsome salaries made a number of stars spend a lot at the theatre bar. As a result, many artists including Chaplin’s father invited ruin.

His father fell a prey to excessive alcohol at the age of thirty-seven. In a state of drunkenness, he showed a devastating temper. Chaplin’s mother’s attitude towards his father lacked objectivity. At times, it was a blend of sympathy and sadness. Chaplin states that his mother did not demand any means of living, despite his parents’ divorce. A star as she was, she did not face any problem in maintaining herself and her children. Only in times of crisis, she sought relief. She never resorted to legal steps. Chaplin refers to his mother’s voice growing worse. Just a little cold caused a prolonged inflammation of her larynx, but circumstances compelled her to go on singing. Her voice cracked and suddenly became inaudible in the middle of singing. She met with the scorn and laughter of the audience. It led to the deterioration of her health. She grew nervous.

As a result his mother’s theatrical engagements fell off and eventually came to a close. The writer states that his mother’s pathetic vocal condition paved the way for his debut on the stage, when he was five. She was entertaining mostly Soldiers at Aldershot. They were indecent. They did not mind making the performers objects of scorn and laughter. The writer remembers standing on the side of the stage when mother’s voice cracked and relapsed into a state of slow sound.

To his utter confusion, she evoked a ridiculous response from the audience. They started laughing, singing and whistling loudly. As a result, his mother left the stage. Instead of being cowed down by their sarcasm, the stage manager left him on the stage alone. Chaplin splendidly rose to the occasion. He sang a popular song called Jack Jones. The audience responded to his first performance on the stage in a manner that was incredible. Money flodded the stage. Chaplin’s announcement to gather the money first and then sing drew laughter from the audience.

The stage manager gave the money to Chaplin’s mother; the latter interacted with the audience, danced and imitated many songs including his mother’s Irish march one. His perfect imitation of mother’s cracking voice, vastly impressed the audience. Chaplin found himself in the midst of their cheerful response. They threw money to the stage. The spectacle of mother’s presence on the stage was electrifying. She drew lavish praise from the audience. That night marked his debut on the stage and mother’s last performance. , Fate, Chaplin states, governs human destiny. It knows no pity, no justice.

His mother fell a victim to cruel fate. She never got back her voice again. His mother made her living out of a little money, that she had saved and mortgaging the jewellery and other small possessions she had mortgaged. Everything was exhausted soon. She always hoped that she would regain her voice. But it was a futile hope. Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of hardships when she gave up stage performance. She looked to religion, hoping that it would bring back her voice again. She became a frequent visitor to the church. The Reverend’s lively and dramatic voice reverberated the long central part of the church. At times his speeches moved her to tears.

The writer’s mind goes back to the holy gathering on one hot summer’s day. Each of them was treated to tasty grape-juice contained in the cool silver cup. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible marked the end of preaching religious teaching and the beginning of prayers and the final religious song. Days rolled by. Mother’s theatrical world became a thing of the past. Her lack of experience in other field was an obstacle to find a new job. Small, graceful and sensitive woman as she was, Chaplin’s mother kept on struggling against untold hardships. She lived in a Victorian age, where poverty-stricken women resorted to low jobs. At times, she played the role of a nurse, but such employment was not always available. Besides, the work of nursing lasted for a short time. In spite of these adverse conditions, mother was capable of finding alternative sources for existence. She excelled in the art of needle-work. Dress-making for the members of the church was a case in point. But it was not enough for their livelihood.

ସାରାଂଶ :

ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କ କଥା ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀ, ନୀରବ ଏବଂ ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଜାଣିଥିଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ନେପୋଲିୟନ୍ ଭଳି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲେ ଓ ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଥିଲା ଗମ୍ଭୀର । ସେ ଜଣେ ସୁନ୍ଦର କଳାକାର ଥିଲେ । ସେଇ ସମୟର ଚାକିରିର ଘୋର ଅଭାବ ଥିଲା, ତଥାପି ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ସପ୍ତାହରେ ଚାଳିଶ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଅର୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।‘ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଥିଲେ ମଦ୍ୟପ ଏବଂ ତାହା ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦର କାରଣ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତତ୍କାଳୀନ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନେ ମଦ୍ୟପ ଥିଲେ କାରଣ ସବୁ ଥୁଟରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଦ ବ୍ୟବସାୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ମୋଟା ଦରମା ପାଉଥିବା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଅନେକ ତାରକା ଥୁଟର ମଦଶାଳାରେ ବହୁତ ସମୟ କଟାଉଥିଲେ । ଫଳରେ ଚାପୁଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ବାପା କିଭଳି ଅନେକ କଳାକାର ଧ୍ଵଂସକୁ ଡାକି ଆଣିଥିଲେ । ସଇଁତିରିଶ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ ତାଙ୍କର ବାପା ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ଵ ମଦ୍ୟପାନର ଶିକାର ହୋଇ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରିଥିଲେ । ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ସେ ଭୟଙ୍କର କୋପ ଦେଖାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଭଙ୍ଗୀରେ ବିରୋଧଭାବ ନ ଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ଏହା ଥିଲା ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସହାନୁଭୂତିର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଥିଲା ।

ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ଦାବି କରି ନ ଥିଲେ ବୋଲି ଚାପଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି । ଜଣେ ତାରକା ହିସାବରେ ନିଜ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଚଳାଇବାରେ ସେ କୌଣସି ଅସୁବିଧାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇ ନ ଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ଘଡ଼ିସନ୍ଧି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ସେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଖରାପ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିବା କଥା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି । ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଥଣ୍ଡା ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠକୁ ବହୁଦିନ ଧରି ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ କରୁଥିଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲା । ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବା ମଝିରେ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲା । ଯାହାଫଳରେ ସେ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କର ଅଟ୍ଟହାସ୍ୟର ଶିକାର ହେଉଥିଲେ । ଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟର ଅବନତି ଘଟିଲା । ସେ ଭୀତତ୍ରସ୍ତା ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଫଳସ୍ବରୂପ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥୁଟରରେ କାମ ମିଳିବା କମିଯିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ୱରର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଥମ ଥର ପାଇଁ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିଥିଲା ।

ସେତେବେଳକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ବୟସ ଥିଲା ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ । ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଆଲଡର୍‌ସଟ୍‌ରେ ଥିବା ସୈନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ କରାଉଥିଲେ । ଏଇ ସୈନିକମାନେ ଅଭଦ୍ର ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅପମାନ ଏବଂ ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିବାକୁ ଭୁଲୁ ନଥିଲେ । ଏକଦା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ମଞ୍ଚର ଏକ କୋଣରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଲା ଓ ସ୍ଵର ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା। ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ହସିବା, ଗୀତ ଗାଇବା ଏବଂ ସିଟି ବଜାଇବାରେ ଲାଗିପଡ଼ିଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଇଥିଲେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଦ୍ରୁପ ସାମ୍‌ନାରେ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ନ ଝୁଙ୍କାଇ ପରିଚାଳକ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଏକୁଟିଆ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କିଛି କମ୍ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ଗୀତ Jack Jones ଗାଇଥିଲେ ।

ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅଭିନୟକୁ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ଅବିଶ୍ବସନୀୟ ଭାବେ ପସନ୍ଦ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ । ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟଙ୍କା ଗୋଟାଇବେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବେ ବୋଲି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ । ଏଥିରେ ଶ୍ରୋତୃମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ପରିଚାଳକ ସବୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଚାପ୍ଲିନ୍ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ଦେଇଦେଲେ । ଏହାପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟାଳାପ କଲେ, ନାଚିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅନେକ ଗୀତ ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇଲେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର Irish march ଗୀତକୁ ତାଙ୍କର ଭଗ୍ନ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇବା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଉପସ୍ଥିତିର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଚମତ୍କାର ଥିଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭୂୟସୀ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କଲେ । ସେଇ ରାତି ପରଦା ଉପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଏବଂ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଶେଷ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିର ସାକ୍ଷୀ ଥିଲା ।

ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ମଣିଷର ଗତିପଥ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ କରେ । ଏହା ପାଖରେ ଦୟା ବା ନ୍ୟାୟର ସ୍ଥାନ ନ ଥାଏ । ତାଙ୍କର ମା’ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ଭାଗ୍ୟର ଶିକାର ହୋଇଗଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଆଉ ଫେରିପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିଥିବା ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛ ଟଙ୍କା, ଗହଣା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ାକର ବନ୍ଧକ ରଖି ଜୀବିକା ନିର୍ବାହ କଲେ । ସବୁକିଛି ଅଳ୍ପଦିନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସରିଗଲା । ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ ଆଶା କରୁଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଫେରିଆସିବ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଥିଲା ଦୀ ଆଶା । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ିଲା ପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଏବଂ ସେ ବହୁତ ଅସୁବିଧାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ବର ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଫେରି ପାଇବା ଆଶାରେ ସେ ଧର୍ମର ଆଶ୍ରୟ ନେଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ଗୀର୍ଜାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସମ୍ମାନନୀୟ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଏବଂ ନାଟକୀୟ ସ୍ବରରେ ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଲମ୍ବା ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେଉଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭାଷଣ ମା’ଙ୍କ ଆସ୍‌ରେ ଲୁହ ଭରି ଦେଉଥିଲା । ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମଦିନର ଏକ ପବିତ୍ର ସମାବେଶକୁ ଲେଖକ ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଥଣ୍ଡା ରୁପ କମ୍‌ରେ ସୁସ୍ୱାଦୁ ଫାଙ୍ଗୁର ରସ ପିଇବାକୁ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକ ବାଇବେଲ ବନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ, ତାହା ଧର୍ମଶିକ୍ଷା ସମାପ୍ତି ଓ ଧର୍ମ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେବାର ସୂଚନା ଦେଉଥିଲା ।

ଦିନ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଥାଏଟର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଦୁନିଆ ଅତୀତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାର ଅଭାବ ନୂଆ କାମ ମିଳିବାପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ଥିଲା । ଅବ୍ୟକ୍ତ ବେଦନା ସତ୍ତ୍ଵେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖିଲେ । ଭିକ୍ଟୋରିଆ ଯୁଗର ଦାରିଦ୍ର୍ୟ ପ୍ରପୀଡ଼ିତା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛୋଟ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡୁଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେ ଧାଈର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଥିଲା । ଏଇସବୁ ଦୟନୀୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ହତୋତ୍ସାହ ହୋଇ ଯାଇନଥିଲେ । ସେ ଛୁଞ୍ଚ୍ କାମରେ ନିପୁଣା ଥିଲେ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସେ ପୋଷାକ ତିଆରି କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ନଥିଲା ।