Class 12

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 2 Text A: Our Environment Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 4 Our Environment Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Our Environment Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section -A

Activity -1
Skimming

Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Answer:
Environment: It’s Pollution And Restoration

Activity – 2
Vocabulary

Find out from Text – Awards which more or less means the following paragraph numbers have been given in brackets:
of a large amount (2)
producing a large number of something (2)
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options (2)
Mysteriouslyinteresting (3)
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually(6)
Sudden and destructive (8)
Relationship between all plants, animals, weather conditions, and geological features of an area (8)
Sad and without hope (12)

Answer:
Of a large amount – beautiful.
Producing a large number or amount of something – plentiful.
A situation in which a difficult choice is to be made between two unpleasant options prolific and hospital world that is unique in the universe.
Mysteriously interesting – intriguing
To be rubbed and destroyed gradually – erosion
Sudden and destructive – catastrophic
Relationship between all plants, weather-ecosystems
Sad and without hope – dismal.

Extra Activity
Find words in the Text – A which derive from the following words:

Imagination	severe
beauty	erode
host	deplete
Universal	poor
regeneration	contaminate
spontaneity	industry
complicate	pollute
sufficiency

Answer:

Imagine	severity
beautiful	erosion
hospitable	depletion
universe	poverty
regenerate	contamination
spontaneous	industrial
complications	pollution
sufficient

Activity – 3
Comprehension
On the basis of your reading, say whether the following statements are true or false. Write (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of the statement.
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable.
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth.
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia.
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels.
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago.

Answer:
(i) Different species of living beings make our planet habitable. (T)
(ii) Poor countries have larger population growth. (T)
(iii) Three-quarters of the world’s poorest nations are in Asia. (F)
(iv) The world depends mostly on fossil fuels. (T)
(v) Anybody would like to get back the world that existed a century ago. (T)

Activity -4
Comprehension
Answer the following questions, each with a sequence or two with reference to the passage.

Question (i)
Why is the world considered bountiful?
Answer:
The world is considered bountiful because it laps plenty of animals, birds, tiny living organisms, plants, human beings, aquatic creatures, and many other things. It is a planet where life is possible it looks beautiful with natural objects.

Question (ii)
Why is the effect of population growth harsher on developing countries?
Answer:
Developing countries suffer a serious setback owing to the population with affection development. The existing sustenance is sufficient for the growing population. Scarcity becomes a regular feature that ultimately leads to poverty. Development gets handicapped owing to population growth.

Question (iii)
What is food security dependent on?
Answer:
Food security is dependent on poverty, democracy, and equitable distribution. suggestion for improvement only. The introduction of the first section tells about the feet that the earth was the most beautiful and the most suitable place to live in. This would make the reader know how human activities are responsible for the destruction of the beautiful earth.

Activity -6
Grammar
In the text, Awe have come across phrases like

Life – support system
Zero-population growth
Fossil- fuel consumption
Pollution control measures etc.
In which the last line of the phrase is modified by other nouns going before it.
They may be expanded into the ‘system that supports life’ the rate of growth of population as zero etc.
Now, expand the noun phrases underlined in the following sentences and rewrite the sentences.

I shall meet you at the car park.
The building materials industry is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the kitchen cupboard.
He lived a hand-to-mouth existence.
The publication department brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Answer:
I shall meet you where the car park.
The industry that makes building materials is going through a recession.
You can find the knife in the cupboard in the kitchen.
He lived an existence that provides just had to mouth.
The department publications brought out a pamphlet on Pathani Samant.

Activity – 7
Grammar

Sometimes verb + ing works as adjectives. Earth-moving activities, towering trees, self-sustaining communities, and pressing problems are such examples. Even past participle forms (en) of verbs work as adjectives, such as a broken doll, the bored children, etc.

Rewrite the following sentences using a participle (-ignore forms):
The town where I grew up made steel
(a steel-making town)
We hired builders based in Kolkata.
The main road that was lined with trees looked majestic.
His performance at the national games broke a number of records.
The dispute had been going on for a long time.
Answer:
We hired Kolkata-based builders.
The main road that was lined with trees was majestic looking.
It was a record-breaking performance of his at the national games.
It was a long-standing dispute.

Extra Activity – 7(A)
Fill in the blanks with the correct proposition from Text- A

Question 1.
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning_______ the earth ________ a long trip_______ the moon or Mars.
Answer:
Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to the earth after a long trip to the moon or Mars.

Question 2.
Compared_______ the conditions________ the other plannets_________ our solar system temperatures ________ the earth are mild and relatively constant.
Answer:
Compared to the conditions on the other planets in our solar system, temperatures on the earth are mild and relatively constant.

Question 3.
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar __________ many places and may increase _________ frequency and severity if population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue ___________ the same rate in the feature as they have________ the past.
Answer:
Food shortages and famines already are too familiar in many places and may increase in frequency and severity f population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continues at the same rate in the future as they have in the past.

Question 4.
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access ________ clean water or adequate sanitation.
Answer:
Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation.

Question 5.
We produce hundreds_________ millions _________ tons_______ these dangerous materials annually and much ________ it is disposed ______ ______ dangerous and irresponsible ways.
Answer:
We produce hundreds of millions of tons of these dangerous materials annually and much of it is disposed of in dangerous and irresponsible ways.

Question 6.
The incidence_______ life-threatening infections and diseases have been reduced sharply in most countries ________ in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.
Answer:
The incidence of life-threatening infections and diseases has been reduced sharply in most countries during in the past century, while the average life expectancy has nearly doubled.

Section – B

Do you think you felt warmer this summer than last year? What are the possible causes of the progressive increase in temperature during the last few years?

Our Environment Summary in English

We are, at present confronting a lot of environmental problems. Before examining the environmental crisis, a slight analysis of the one we inherited should be made. Imagine that you are an astronaut returning to earth from the Mood of Mars and it would lie a nice experience to have come back to this planet from outer space. Although we are facing certain problems here, we are living unique place quite prolific and profitable. The most astonishing of our planet is the rich diversity of life that exists here. Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth and help sustain a habitable environment. Organisms like viruses, bacteria, and other tiny forms make-up self-sustaining communities. Dense, moist forests, vast sunny, savannas, and richly colorful coral reefs are here.

Environmental Dilemma:
One of the major environmental dilemmas is the rapid growth of the population. Demographers believe that this unprecedented growth rate will slow in the next century and that the population might eventually drop back below its present size. Others warn that the population will quadruple in a century after its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate. Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity if population growth soil erosion and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate. The deficit in and contamination of water is another threat. Violent conflicts over control of natural resources may increase if we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.

Supplies of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas are diminishing at an early rate. Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and may bring about sea level rises and catastrophic climate change. Acids formed in the air as a result of fossil fuel combustion already have caused extensive damage to building materials. Chlorinated compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration and air-conditioning, also contribute to global warming as well as damage the Stratospheric ozone that protects us from cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Destruction of tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands, and other biologically rich landscapes is causing alarming loss of species and a reduction in biological variety.

Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. The health effects of pollution, toxic, wastes, stress, and other environmental ill-of-modem society have become a greater threat than infectious diseases for us in industrialized countries.

Sign Of Hope:
Steps have already been initiated in North America and Europe in reducing air and water pollution. Population in some countries has stabilized. The incidence ofKfe threatening diseases has been reduced sharply increasing life expectancy. In spite of all this much more is to be done for finding a viable solution to the problems. Being aware of the problems we face is the first step towards finding their situations.

Analytical Outlines

• Now a days, we face a lot of environmental problems.
•  We should at first, have a slight analysis of our earth.
• Then we have to analyze the environmental crisis.
•  Imagine yourself as an astronaut.
•  You have just returned to earth from the Moon or Mars.
•  It would be a nice experience.
•  Although we are feeling certain problems here.
•  Of course, our earth is unique.
•  It is quite prolific and profitable to live here.
•  We find the most astonishing feature of our planet.
•  It is the rich diversity, of life that exists here.
•  Millions of beautiful and intriguing species populate the earth.
•  It helps to sustain a habitable environment.
• The tiny forms make up self-sustaining communities.
• These organisms are viruses, bacteria, etc.
•  Our planet has also dense, moist forests.
• It has also vast sunny savannas and richly colorful coral reefs.
• One of the major environmental dilemmas is rapid growthofpopulatioa
• Demographers believe in something.
• They believe in unprecedented growth rates.
•  It will slow down in the next century.
• The population might eventually drop back below its present size.
•  Others warn about something.
• The population will quadruple a century after.
•  Its birth rate does not corroborate with the death rate.
• Food shortages and famines may increase in frequency and severity.
• If population growth, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion continue at the present rate.
•  The deficit in water is another threat.
• Contamination of water is the other one.
•  It may increase violent conflicts over control of natural resources.
•  If we don’t learn to live within nature’s budget.
• The supply of fossil fuels is decreasing at every rate.
• These fuels are oil, coal and natural gas, etc.
• Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide.
•  It may bring about a rise in the sea level
• It also causes catastrophic climate changes.
•  Fossil fuel combustion forms acids.
•  It already has caused extensive damage to building materials.
• Chlorinated compounds are chloroform carbons.
•  These are used in refrigeration.
• These are also used in air-conditioning.
• These contribute to global warming.
•  It also damages the stratospheric ozone.
•  This ozone protects us from cancer.
•  Because it causes ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
•  Earth is full of biologically rich landscapes.
• These are tropical forests, coral reefs wetlands, etc.
•  It causes an alarming loss of species.
• It also causes a reduction in biological variety.
•  In industrialized countries the problem is many.
•  One problem is toxic air.
•  Another one is water pollution.
•  Even other hazardous wastes.
•  These are becoming overwhelming problems in modem society.
• The environment causes infectious diseases.
•  Steps have already been initiated in North America.
•  Europe is reducing air and water pollution.
• Population in some countries has been stabilized.
•  The incidence of life-threatening diseases has been reduced.
•  It sharply increases life expectancy.
•  Much more steps are taken to viable solutions to the problems.
•  Being aware of the problems is the first step towards finding their solutions.

Meaning Of Difficult Words.

inherited – obtained as a right from the predecessors.
desolate – isolated, lonely, uninherited.
unique – sole, second to none, the kind of thing which has no substitute.
regenerated – produced, created, resulted, etc.
spontaneously – automatically, naturally, moving on its own without any external impulse.
amazing – surprising, astonishing, astounding, wonderful.
diversity – different kinds of variety of many kinds.
savannas – flat and vast expense of grassy land in Africa.
heat absorbing – gases that absorb and soak heat.
global warming – warming or heating of the universe.
catastrophic climate – a climate that causes disaster.
fuel combustion – burning of fuel that gives heat and energy that propels engines.
ecosystem – environmental setup shortened from the ecological system.
stratospheric – stratosphere of the atmosphere. The atmosphere has four layers, 1 – Biosphere, 2 – Toposphere, 3 – Stratosphere, and 4 Ionosphere.

reefs – lines of rocks, sand, or corals just above or below the sea surface.
abundance – plentitude, a lot of affluence.
aesthetic – appreciation of beauty, art, and literature.
ethical – moral, valuable ideas.
survival – existence, living, sustenance
hazardous – dangerous, something, causes danger.
noxious – very harmful, dangerous, repulsive
dumped – heaped, piled, put together
impose – the point at which further development is impossible.
paramount – the most powerful, pivotal, principal
litany – a long list of unpleasant things
stabilized – make stable and static, not to continue
infectious – diseases that spread through infection.
regardless of – with regard or respect to nothing.

Read More:

• Text A: Our Environment Question Answer
• Text B: Impact of Global Warming Question Answer
• Text C: Human Environment Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text C: Some Differences Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 3 Some Differences Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Some Differences Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity -11

Scanning:
Which of the following aspects have not been discussed in the text?

Blood style	Energy reserve capacity
Blood production	Startup energy capacity
Shape of bones	Capacity for exercise
Size of bones	Need for oxygen
Arrangement of bones	Rate of breathing
Thickness of skin	Amount of Oxygen- intake
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Fat layer under skin	Ageing rate
Muscle – Fat ratio	Amount of muscles

Answers:

Blood type	Need for oxygen
Blood production	Rate of breathing
Hardness of skin	Pigment in the skin
Amount of muscles	Ageing

Activity -12

Comprehension:
On the basis of your reading of the passage, mention whether the following statements are true or false. Put (T) for true and (F) for false at the end of each statement.

(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men.
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women.
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing.
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women.
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men.
(vi) Menare cooler in summer.
(vii) Men have more muscle than women.
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight.
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women.
(x) Man grow weaker at a foster rate as they grow.

Answers:
(i) Women produce blood more efficiently than men. (T)
(ii) Men need more oxygen than women. (T)
(iii) Men draw in more pollution during breathing. (T)
(iv) Climbing stair is easier for women. (F)
(v) Women wrinkle faster than men. (T)
(vi) Menare cooler in summer. (F)
(vi) Men have more muscle than women. (T)
(viii) It is easier for women to lose body weight. (F)
(ix) Man can work for longer hours than women (F)
(x) Man grow weaker at a faster rate as they grow. (T)

Activity – 13

Vocabulary:
Match each work or expression in italics in column with in meaning in column B.

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) Put a leg forward to walk
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) difficult
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) frightening
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) protect
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) movement from side to side

Answers:

A	B
1. A more recent and chilling finding	(i) difficult
2. which enables them to stride out with no waste motion	(ii) Put a leg forward to walk
3. she displays a bit of jiggle and sway at the walks.	(iii) movement fromside to side
4. makes climbing awkward for her	(iv) frightening
5. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.	(v) protect

Activity -14

Cause-And-Effect Sequence:
Men have longer bones, narrow pelvis and their bones are arranged differently. So the result is that they walk with astride and climbed stairs more quickly. Similarly, find out from the text the causes that result in the following effects.
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
(ii) Men have greater strength.
(iii) Menare less intelligent
(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.

Answers:
(i) Men can lose weight more quickly.
Answer:
The higher proportion of muscles to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight.

(ii) Men have greater strength.
Answer:
In fact, men have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty- one percent of men’s body is muscle compared to thirty- five percent for women, it means that men have more music power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight.

(iii) Men are less intelligent.
Answer:
Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in r their bodies have the lowest scores on their intelligence tests and that boys score more than girls.

(iv) Surgery is riskier for men.
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women.

(v) Men can do less exercises then women as they grow older.
Answer:
For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat fucked away in women’s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercised exceeds the male capacity.

Activity – 15

Inferring:
You can infer information that is not stated clearly in a text by making a logical guess either from what is on the text, or what you know about the world or both.
(i) What happens during surgery that makes it riskier for men?
Answer:
Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. As men breathe deeply they inhale more pollutants that complicates surgery.

(ii) Whose knees are more likely to be hurt by the same activities men’s or women’s?
Answer:
Women’s knees are more likely to the hurt by the same activity.

(iii) Name one part of the body where bad goes when it’s breathed in?
Answer:
Lead goes to brain through blood causing less intelligence.

(iv) Name one advantage a man would have and one advantage a women would have in a hot, sunny country?
Answer:
Men in sunny countries wrinkle less than women do women, stay cooler in summer.

(v) If a man and woman weighed the same at the age of 20, who would be strong at the age of 60?
Answer:
A woman would be stronger at the age of 60.

Extra Activity – 15(A)

Use the following words in sentences of your own first as nouns and then as verbs.

risk	wrinkle
draw	coat
exhaust	help
lead	skin
score	start
whistle	result

Answers:
risk: (N)Mountaineering is full of risk.
(V) You should not risk your life driving in such hilly area.

draw: (N)The match came to draw.
(V)Draw the picture now.

exhaust: (N)Automobile exhausts pollute the air.
(V)The stock has been exhausted by repeated use.

lead: (N)Lead damages red blood cells.
(V)He can lead the team better.

score: (N)He has less score in mathematics.
(V)He has scored very high in English.

whistle: (N)The traffic police use whistle.
(V)The traffic police whistle to direct the way.

result: (N)The result of the examination has been declared.
(V) The strike resulted in failure.

Sun: (N)The sun is the source of energy.
(V)She sunned the rice for an hour.

wrinkle: (N)Wrinkles appear in old age.
(V) Men wrinkle quicker than women do.

coat: (N)He has won a black coat.
(V)The wires were coated with colour.

help: (N)I can do it without anybody’s help.
(V)He helps me in need.

skin: (N)We should take proper care of our skin.
(V)Skin of the vegetables.

start: (N)The cricket match has a good start.
(V)He started his journey in time.

Some Differences Summary in English

Men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can which makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. Men breathe more deeply which exposes them to more risk. When the air gets polluted they inhale more of the pollutants into their lungs. Amore recent and chilling findings in the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children’s intelligence. The exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found that the children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lowest scores on intelligent tests and that boys score lower than girls.

It is possible that these low-scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male. Men’s bones are larger than women’s and are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistels is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and narrower pelvis, women are designed for child bearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and way as the walks. If a man is thought to be brave because he climbs a ladder to clear out the roof gutters, don’t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman.

The angle which a woman’s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her. However, a man’s skin is thicker than a woman’s and not nearly as soft. The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible for coat to keep a woman warmer in winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Men’s fat is distributed differently. They do not have that layer of it underneath their skin.

In feet men have less fat than women and more less mass 41% of a man’s muscle is compared to 35% for women which means that men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight. For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy, but the fat tucked away in women’s nooks and carries provides a rich energy reserve that men look. In exercises, men and women are also different

Analytical Outlines:

• Men can’t manufacture blood like women.
• Women can do it efficiently.
• For this reason, surgery becomes riskier for men.
• Men also need more oxygen.
• Because they do not breathe more than women.
• Men breathe more deeply than women.
• Actually, it exposes more risk.
• Often, air gets polluted.
• So men inhale more of the pollutants.
• It goes directly to their lungs.
• A survey has been made recently.
• The effect of automobile and truck fumes are considered.
• It is found that those exhaust children’s intelligence.
• These fumes are caused by led pollution in cities.
• The researchers have found something important.
• They take children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies.
• They have the lowest scores on intelligence tests.
• These boys score lower than girls.
• This lower- score is due to deeper breathing.
• It is typical in Case of men.
• Men’s bones are larger than women’s.
• They are arranged differently.
• The feminine walk evokes so many whistles.
• It happens due to bone structure
• Men have broader shoulders.
• They have also narrower pelvis.
• The change in women is for child bearing forces.
• For this reason, they show more movement into each step.
• She shows a bit of jiggle.
• Man is considered brave.
• Because, he climbs a ladder.
• He does this to clear out the roof gutters.
• He realises that it is easier for him than woman.
• This is not possible in case of woman.
• The angle of woman’s thigh joining to her knees is different.
• The angle makes climbing awkward for her.
• Aman’s skin is thicker than a woman’s.
• It is not nearly soft.
• The thick prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through.
• Due to this, men wrinkle less than women.
• Women have a thin layer of fat.
• It is present just under the skin.
• There is a plus to this greater fat reserve.
• It acts as an invisible coat for women
• It makes them warmer in winter.
• Women also stay cooler in summer.
• Man’s fat as distributed differently.
• They do not have less feet than women.
• In fact, men have less feet than women.
• They have more lean mass.
• 41% of men’s muscle is compared to 35% for women.
• It indicates that men have more muscle power.
• Then strength of both is compared.
• Almost 90 percent of women’s weight is strength.
• Whereas it is 50% in case of women.
• Mendo not have the muscular energy reserve.
• But women reserve this energy.
• They have more start up energy.
• Women are provided a rich energy reserve.
• But men lack of it.
• Men and women are also different in exercises.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
manufacture- produce, make, create
efficiently- effectively, competently
surgery- treatment of injury
breathe- respire
pollute- to be foul, to profane
inhale- breathe in, take in
exhaust- produce, emit
fumes- smokes, vapours
evoke- to call out
pelvis- lower abdominal cavity
stride- step, to get over
display- show, exhibit
jiggle- up and down in movement
ladder- thing with steps in order to go up and down, a means of going up
awkward- clumsy, ungraceful difficult
radiation- transmission of rays

Read More:

• Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answer
• Text B: Typing your own Blood Question Answer
• Text C: Some Differences Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 3 Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 7 How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Question Answers CHSE Odisha

How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity-1
Comprehension
Answer the following questions as briefly as you can:

Question (a)
The writer talks of two kinds of resume in the first paragraph, which of them does he think more useful and why?
Answer:
The two resumes mentioned in the first paragraph are ‘tombstone’ and ‘functional’. The‘functional’happens to be more preferable to the tombstone.

Question (b)
Why does the writer advise the job seekers never to be apologetic in a resume?
Answer:
The writer advises the job seekers never to apologize because it is the hardest job of all. It creates a negative impression.

Question (c)
Who are the intended audience for this article? How do you know this?
Answer:
The intended audience for this article are job seekers of any shade and variety. The personal pronoun ‘you’ makes it explicit.

Question (d)
What does the writer want to done between the preparation of the first draft of the } resume and its despatch to the prospective employer?
Answer:
Clustering accomplishments like leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills, sending it a printer because a printed resume is superior to photocopies are to be done between the first draft of the resume and its despatch to the prospective employer.

Activity-2
(Guessing The Meaning Of)

Choose the best answer:

Question (a)
One type of resume is called a ‘tombstone’ (Para -1) because:
(i) It lists what you have done in the post rather than what you can do in the future.
(ii) It lists your achievements in chronological order.
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.
Answer:
(iii) It leads you to failure in the job market.

Question (b)
‘Quick’in para 2 means:
(i) fast
(ii) efficient
(iii) alive
Answer:
(iii) alive

Question (c)
Took your own horn! (para – 6) means:
(i) don’t be modest
(ii) boast about your achievements
(iii) tell the employer what you have done in the past.
Answer:
(ii) boast about your achievements

Question (d)
When people clutch when asked to…. ? (para – 6) means:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.
(ii) many people panic.
(iii) many people hold into their old jobs when asked to leave.
Answer:
(i) many people underestimate themselves.

Question (e)
‘How to psych yourself up ’ (para – 9) means:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.
(ii) How to write your resume most enthusiastically.
(iii) How to prepare yourself mentally before writing your resume.
Answer:
(i) How to make a list of your abilities before you write your resume.

Activity-3
Cohesive Devices

Say what the italicized words refer to in the passage.
(a) “Everyone does” __________ (para 6)
(b) ‘Oneofyours’ ____________ (para 6)
(c) ____________ about what it all means (para 9)
(d) ‘It shows an employer’ ____________ (para 9) ‘
Answer:
(i) does – clutch
(ii) yours – abilities
(iii) it – accomplishment
(iv) it- listing of accomplishments in the final resume.

Activity-4

Look at the following note, made by someone to repairing a resume. Decide which points should be included in the final vision.

• A job as Manager (Research and Development)
• Joined M. A. (Economics) in Delhi University
• Left after the first year because of father’s death.
• Studied Business Adm. at Indira Gandhi National Open University.
• Specialised in business application of computers.
• Not sure that I’d be good at doing!
• Have been without a job for three months.
• Can play violin.
• Chairperson of the parents Association of my son’s school.
• Helped friends to learn computers.
• Worked for three years as a sales representative for a computer film.
• Hated the hardware selling job.
• Get boarded quickly.
• Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
• Like working in a team.
• Can inspire young people to complete a task on time.
• Teach Economics to a group of 20 poor students of the local colleges without fees.
• 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Now group the points you have chosen under the following heading:

• Vocational objectives
• Man management skills.
• Competition and team skills.
• Management skills
• Summary of background and the others.

Answer:
Vocational objectives:
(a) Specialised in the business application of computers.
(b) Helped a friend to learn computers.
(c) A job is manager (Research and Development)

VLAN management skills:
(a) Chairperson of the Parents Association of my sons’ school
(b) Look after the local club’s budget and save 20% of its yearly income.
(c) Can inspire young people to complete a task in time.

Competition and team skills:
(i) Like working in a team

Management skills:
(a) Worked for 3 years as a sales representative for a computer firm

Summary of backgrounds and the others:
(a) Joined M.A (Economics) in Delhi University.
(b) Left after the first year because of father’s death.
(c) Not sure what I’d be good at doing!
(d) Have been without a job for three months.
(e) Can pay for violin.
(f) Hated the hardware selling job.
(g) Get bored quickly.
(h) 36 years old and only 5 years of salaried employment.

Extra Activity – 4(A)

Give the derivatives of the following words in the Text – A

purpose	characterize
convince	accomplishments
employer	Skill
interview	world
familiar	people
quick	specific
writing	brief
functional	new
resume	education
important	necessarily
translating

Answer:

Words	Derivatives
purpose	Purposeful, purposive, purposefully
convince	conviction, convincing, convincingly
employer	employee, employment, employed
interview	interviewer, interviewee
familiar	familiarity, familiarise, familiarly
quick	quicken, quickly
writing	write, written
functional	functionalised, function, defunct, malfunctioned
resume	resumption, resuniptive
important	importance, importantly
translating	translate, translation
characterize	character, characteristic
accomplishments	accomplish, accomplished
Skill	skillful, skilled, unskilled, skillfulness
world	worldly, world-wide
people	popular, popularise, population, populate
specific	specifically, specify, specification
brief	briefly, briefness, brevity
new	newly, a new, newness
education	educational, educated, educationally, educationist, educate
necessarily	necessary, necessity, necessitate
identity	Identification, identity

Extra Activity – 4(B)

(i) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
drop in,
as well as,
of all shades and variety,
in particular,
have a good look at
Answer:
drop in – My friend occasionally drops in at my residence,
as well as – I as well as any friend can attend the meeting.
of all shades and variety – Sachin Tendulkar tormented the bowlers of all shades and variety.
in particular – I relish tea, in particular Tata Tea.
have a good look at – A good batsman should have a good at the pitch, before batting.

(ii)Derive adjectives from the following nouns:

Legend	comfort
pride	modesty
explosiveness	temperament
critic	nightmare

Answer:

Legend	:	legendary
pride	:	proud
explosiveness	:	explosive
critic	:	critical
comfort	:	comfortable
modesty	:	modest
temperament	:	temperamental
nightmare	:	nightmarish

(iii)Derive nouns from the following verbs:

reverse	encourage
achieve	admit
behave	react
endorse	expect
reflect	succeed

Answer:

reverse	:	reverence
achieve	:	achievement
behave	:	behavior
endorse	:	endorsement
reflect	:	admission
react	:	reaction
expect	:	expectation
succeed	:	success

(iv) Derive adjectives form the following nouns:

quintessence	passion
regret	culture
example	benefit
privacy	importance
pride	modesty

Answer:

Noun		Adjectives
quintessence	:	quiertessential
regret	:	regretful
example	:	exemplary
privacy	:	private
pride	:	proud
passion	:	passionate
culture	:	cultural
benefit	:	beneficial
importance	:	important
modesty	:	modest

(v) Derive verbs from the following nouns:
proposal
operator
introduction
requirement
provision
emission
advice
suspension

Answer:

Nouns	Verb forms
proposal	propose
operator	operate
introduction	introduce
requirement	require
provision	provide
emission	emit
advice	advise
suspension	suspend

(E)(i) Give the antonyms of the following words:

opening	reject
earlier	significant
indoor	success
cause	present
foul	before

Answer:

Words	Antonyms
opening	closing
earlier	later
indoor	outdoor
cause	effect
foul	fair
significant	insignificant
reject	accept
success	Mure
present	absent
before	after

(ii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each.
1. the system by which something can be measured.
2 Any substance that causes pollution.
3. Make people angiy.
4. Public warning to make people careful.
5. A group of people joining together to influence someone in power:

Answer:
1. index
2. pollutant
3. gall
4. alert
5. lobby

(iii) Insert articles, wherever, necessary, in the following sentences:
1. After college career, I shall join university.
2. Mr. Ahuja is Indian, his wife is European.
3. Business of thinking new thoughts is sign of civilization.
4. Japanese are industrious nation.
5. Democracy consists in giving people, things they want.
6. Freedom is spiritual quality.
7. Going abroad is unique opportunity.
8. Ganges is holiest among Indian rivers.
9. We had better have new look at whole problem.
10. He has read Upanishads.

Answer
1. ___________ a university
2. _________ an Indian __________ a European.
3. The business ___________ a sing __________.
4. The Japanese are an industrious nation.
5. __________the things __________.
6. ___________ a spiritual quality.
7. _________ a unique opportunity
8. Ganges is the holiest _________.
9. _________ a new look at the __________.
10. ___________ the Upanishads.

(iv) Derive nouns from the following verbs:

die	solve
enforce	emit
regulate	appear
exist	reduce
maintain	pollute

Answer:

Verbs	Noun Forms
die	death
enforce	enforcement
regulate	regulation
exist	existence
maintain	maintenance
solve	solution
enforce	emission
appear	appearance
reduce	reduction
pollute	pollution

(v)Match the words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column ‘B’

‘A’	‘B’
rising	easy
increase	rural
warm	harmless
urban	falling
offenders	cool
difficult	decrease
reduce	irregular
major	enhance
regular	defenders
harmful	minor

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
rising	falling
increase	decrease
warm	cool
urban	rural
offenders	defenders
difficult	easy
reduce	enhance
major	minor
regular	irregular
harmful	harmless

What Does This Unit Contain?
In this unit you will have further practice in skimming and scanning as reading subskills. You will also have practice in referring and is assessing the communicative value of a Text.
The unit comprises the following sections:
(A) How to write a wining resume-Dick Irish
(B) Advertisement samples (From newspapers and magazines)
(C) On the education ofa man of business – Sir Arthur helps

Section-(A)

Imagine that you are the owner of a small factory producing garments. You have to select and engage five employees in your factory. What are the most important qualities that you would like your employees to possess. Next, suppose you have received more than twenty applications in response to your advertisement for five jobs and you can interview .only ten candidates, how are you going to short-list the ten candidates on the basis of their job applications (also called resumes). While reading Text – A, your focus should be on getting tips on how to select these ten interviewees.

How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Summary in English

The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar ‘tombstone’ that lists where you went to school and where you have worked in the chronological order. The other is what is called the ‘functional’ resume – descriptive, fon to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you and interview. It is handy to have a ‘tombstone ’ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested ‘tombstone’ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

Put Yourself First:
While writing a resume, you have to feel yourself important. ‘Sell what you can do, not who you are’ practice translating your personality traits, character accomplishment and achievements into still areas in the world of work.

Took Your Own Horn:
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all

Be specific, be concrete and be brief:
Turn bad news into good:
If you to mention your disappointment in work look for the positive side.

Never Apologize:
If you are returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parents, simply write a short paragraph in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at a being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have not special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.

How to Psych yourself up:
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off not necessarily consecutive and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Study the list and try to spot patterns. While studying your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skill etc.). Try to list atleast three accomplishments under the same skills heading. You may take your drafts or more and several weeks, before you are already to show it to a stranger for a reaction. When you are satisfied, send it to a printer, a printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Analytical Outlines

• The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer.
• He is convinced to grant you an interview.
• There are two kinds.
• One is the familiar‘tombstone’.
• It can list where you went to school.
• It can also list where you have worked in the chronological order.
• The other is ‘functional’ resume.
• It is descriptive.
• It is‘fun to read’.
• It is also unique to you.
• It is much more likely to land you in an interview.
• It is handy to have a ‘tombstone’
• This we find in certain occasions.
• But prospective employers throw away these.
• They throw away most of those unrequired ‘tombstone’ list.
• They prefer to do the interview quick.
• For this reason, they throw away these lists.
• You have to feel yourself important while writing a resume.
• Sell what you can do, not who you are.
• you should practise translating your personality traits.
• You should practise character accomplishments.
• You should practise achievements into skill areas in the world of work.
• Many people clutch thinking about their abilities.
• Some think they have none at all.
• In writing a resume, one should be specific.
• He also should be concrete.
• He should be brief too.
• One should turn bad news into good one.
• You should always look for the positive side.
• You should never apologize.
• You are returning to the work force after fifteen years.
• Simply write a short paragraph.
• You can write it in place of chronology of experience.
• Don’t apologize for working at being a mother.
• It is the hardest job of all.
• You have no special training.
• You have no higher education.
• Then, just don’t mention education.
• You are going to write about yourself.
• So, first you have to think about the self.
• Take four or five hours off
• It should not be necessarily consecutive.
• Simply write down every accomplishment of your life.
• It is about on or off the job.
• The job that make you feel affective.
• Then study the list.
• Try to sport patterns.
• You are studying the list now.
• You will come closer to the meaning.
• Identify your marketable skills.
• Give name to you cluster of accomplishments.
• It may be just like leadership skills.
• It may be budget management skills.
• It may be child development skills.
• Try to list of least three accomplishments.
• These three must be written under the same skill heading.
• You may take your draft.
• You may take it to several weeks.
• Then you can show this to a stranger.
• You have to do this to know others’ reactions for it.
• Then send it to a printer.
• A printed resume is far superior to photocopies.

Meaning Of difficult Words
Resume – summary
convince – to persuade fully, to cause to believe
grant – to permit, to allow
familiar – well – known, general, well-acquainted
chronology – the science of computing time, a scheme of the table of time, order of time.
functional – active, professional
descriptive – narrative, explaining in detail
unique – stole, special
handy – convenient, dexterous
prospective – expecting for future
accomplishments – completeness, happenings, fulfillment
achievement – performance, gain.
clutch – to grasp, tightly, to hatch, to snatch
concrete – material, not abstract, real
positive side – bright side, good side
mention – to refer to, to speak about
disappoint, – to be hopeless
apologize – make frank acknowledgment
consecutive – following in regular order, or one after another
pattern – type, order
effective – fruitful, necessary
identify – to find out, recognize
cluster – a bunch, swarm, crowd

Read More: 

• Text A: How to Write a Winning ‘Resume’ Question Answer
• Text B: Some Samples of Advertisement Question Answer
• Text C: On the Education of a Man of Business Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Short Stories Chapter 1 The Happy Man Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Happy Man Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section-I

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
Why was the narrator always hesitant to give advice?
Answer:
The narrator has always hesitated to give advice because how can one advise another how to act unless one knows that other is as well as one knows oneself?

Question 2.
“Each of us is a prisoner in a solitary town How does this statement reflect on human life?
Answer:
Everybody is in shackles. Man is not free. All human beings are like creatures in bondage and he is unable to take any independent decisions.

Question 3.
Does the paragraph logically lead to the story? Where do you find the connection?
Answer:
Yes, the paragraph is logically connected which leads to the story, “Life in a difficult ‘ business…provides the clue.

Question 4.
Why did Stephens meet the narrator? What made him do so?
Answer:
Stephens had come to meet the narrator of the story to know whether any English doctor has worked in Spain. He did so because the narrator had written a book on that.

Question 5.
What impression do you form about Stephens from his account of life at Camberwell? Is he happy with it?
Answer:
Stephens was a doctor who had been brought up by two old aunts. He was poor and had been married six years ago. He had no children.

Question 6.
Why does he want to go to Spain?
Answer:
There was no English doctor in Spain and the present lifestyle which he did not relish made him want to go to Spain.

Question 7.
Would you call him a romantic? Give reasons for our Answers
Answer:
Themainwasromantic who gave more emphasis on emotion without thinking about the fixture.

Question 8.
What does the narrator suggest to Stephens finally?
Answer:
The narrator finally suggested Stephensifhe did not want money and was content to earn just enough to keep body and soul together, he should go. Because he would lead a wonderful life.

Vocabulary
Derive adjectives from the following:

wonder	Spain
habit	absence
hesitate	confidence
emotion	thought
occasion	book
difficulty	silence
satisfaction	apology
quickly	laugh
practice	preciously
feet	marriage
mind	force
knowledge	face
information	hair
	money

Answer:
Words – AdjectiveForms
wonder – wonderful
habit – habitual
hesitate – hesitant
emotion – emotional
occasion – occasional
difficulty – difficult
satisfaction – satisfactory
quickly – quick
practice – practical
feet – factual
mind – mental
knowledge – knowledgeable
information – informative
thought – thoughtful
book – bookish
Spain – Spanish
silence – silent
absence – absent
confidence – confident
apology – apologetic
laugh – laughable
preciously – precise
marriage – marital
force – forcible
face – facial
hair – hairy
money – monetary

Section -II

Questions For Discussion

Question 1.
What change in place and time do you find in this section of the story?
Answer:
There is a change in place and time in this section of the story. The doctor has shifted to Spain and the time gap is around fifteen years.

Question 2.
Why does Stephens refuse to accept fees from the narrator? Do his words acknowledge his gratitude for the right suggestion of the narrator given to him years ago?
Answer:
Stephens refused to accept fees from the narrator as a token gesture of gratitude for the right suggestion the narrator had given to him a year ago.

Question 3.
What impression would you get about Stephens from his changed appearance
Spain?
Answer:
The changed appearance of Stephen in Spain suggests that he has become fit and bold. There is a sea change in his physical body politics.

Question 4.
In which context does Stephens say, “life is full of compensation’? What light does it draw on his character?
Answer:
When the narrator asked that he was married Stephens expressed his sorrow to say about his wife who did not like Spain and went back to Camberwell where she felt homely. He said, ’’Life is full of comprehension. This makes clear that Stephens had accepted the gains and losses of life.

Question 5.
Does the concluding passage reveal an attitude toward life? What kind of attitude
would you call it?
Answer:
The concluding passage of the story reveals an attitude toward life. It tells the man to earn just enough money to keep body and soul together.

Question 6.
Where does happiness lie in the word of the protagonist?
Answer:
According to the protagonist, happiness lies in earning just enough money to keep the body and soul together, and in enjoying life being poor.

Question 7.
Does the narrator favor a life of emancipation from conventionalities and stereotypes?
Answer:
The narrator favors a life of emancipation from the conventionalities and stereotypes of life warranting man together self and riches. But the narrator tells that one can enjoy life being poor.

Question 8.
Which one of the following do you find in Stephens that most appropriately
characterize him?
(a) a cynical attitude
(b) a pleasure-loving temperament
(c) morbidity born of frustrations
(d) A quest for freedom from conventions
Answer:
(d)Aquest for freedom from conventions

Question 9.
Can you guess what could happen if his wife had not deserted him?
Answer:
He could not have been free to go to Spain.

Question 10.
Can you call him “TheHappyMan”? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
He is “The Happy Man” because he is quite free and he enjoys life even in being poor. He does not run after money.

Questions For Composition

Question 1.
…………………. but by heaven I’ve enjoyed myself. I could not exchange the life I have had with that of any kind in the world”. Make a critical estimate ofStephensin the light of the given statement.
Answer:
The short story’s happy man” is written by William Somerset Maugham, an eminent and outstanding storyteller. He has written more than 100 stories. However, his stories express a realistic portrait of the degenerated society given to selfish pleasure and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompasses a large area of human experience. In this light, Maugham’s story is superb and fantastic. It is really, the most typical story fall is a collection. However, the present story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy of a happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective.

What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment, but an abandonment of took-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. In him is there a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. Yet the undertone of irony is apparent to the discerning reader. However, Stephens, following the suggestions of the narrator decided to stay in Spain. He went there at last. His wife did not back to Camberwell where she was even more Homely. But he enjoyed his work in Spain. He was very fat and bold. But his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor.

The clothes he wore were terribly shabby. He earned just enough money to keep his body and soul together, but he should lead a wonderful life. Poor has he been and poor shall he always be, but by heaven, he has enjoyed himself. He says emphatically that he would not exchange the life he had with that of any king of the world. As a matter of feet, Maugham’s treatment of life through Stephens is most fascinating and heart-touching Maugham is, in fact, a keen observer of human attitude, on the whole, he has tried his level best to depict a full-fledged manner. Therefore, the way he has portrayed Stephens is superb and fantastic.

Question 2.
Critically comment on the title of the story.
Answer:
The short story“The happy man” is undoubtedly the best typical masterpiece of William Somerset Maugham, a prominent and outstanding storyteller of the twentieth century. Maugham is a prolific writer writing novels, short stories, plays, etc. in one. Hismasteryto provides appropriate titles to his writings is really outstanding. He has written more than 100 short stories. All these are repleted with a realistic portrait of the selfish pleasure and hedonism of society. However, the title of the work of art must be apt and suggestive. It should be precise, concise, and condensed.

Its motto should be to communicate reality vehemently. It should be just like a gorgeous, colorful signboard. It also speaks out the contents, of the shop from its very appearance. The titles are expressive of the contents of the work of art. The story, here, tells us about the life of a man who happens to be the happiest. However, Stephens comes to the narrator to know whether it would be better to go to Spain as a doctor. His future was involved in it and the narrator suggested to him that he had to earn just enough money to keep his body and soul together. He, however, decided to go there. But he was married. His wife did not cooperate with him. She never likes Spain and went back to Camberwellwhere she felt homely.

Stephens went alone and lived there happily. He led a wonderful life there. Poorhehadbeen and enjoyed himself like anything. He would not exchange the life he had with that of any kind in the world. The last lines of the story are themselves expressive of the feet that the protagonist of the story “TheHappyMan” has. The title bears the justification for the right caption of the story. As a matter of fact, the title of the story is most appropriate and suggestive. The way Maugham justified Stephens as the happiest man is really superb, alluring, elevating, and excellent.

Vocabulary
Derive nouns forms the following:

excavate	crucial
lovely	cruel
monumental	casual
interesting	occasional
arrogant	perceptive
expect	deceive
ideological	receive
rigorous	credulous
logical	rival

Answer:

Words	Noun forms
excavate	excavation
expect	expectation
lovely	love
ideological	ideology
monumental	monument
rigorous	rigorousness
interesting	interest
logical	logic
arrogant	arrogance
crucial	independence
cruel	cruelty
casual	casualty
occasional	occasion
perceptive	perception
deceive	deceit/deception
receive	receipt
credulous	credulity
rival	rivalry

Grammar
Supply suitable articles:

1. He is_________ M.A
Answer:
He is an M.A

2. I drank________ cup red tea.
Answer:
I drank a cup of red tea

3. I have not seen such_______  temple.
Answer:
I have not seen such a temple

4. He is_____ eunuch.
Answer:
He is a eunuch.

5. The cow is_______useful animal.
Answer:
The cow is a useful animal.

6. I covered_____half a mile.
Answer:
I covered a half mile

7. He is ______washerman.
Answer:
He is a washerman.

8. He is_______honourable man.
Answer:
He is an honorable man.

9. She is__________M.L.A.
Answer:
She is an M.L.A.

10. He is_______M.P.
Answer:
He is an M.P

11. Gopalis________beggar.
Answer:
Gopal is a beggar.

12. I saw_________tiger.
Answer:
I saw a tiger

13. ________cow is auseful animal.
Answer:
A cow is a useful animal.

14. _______poor should be helped.
Answer:
The poor should be helped.

15. He is _______one-eyed man.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed man.

16. Hari is___farmer.
Answer:
Hari is a farmer.

17. Give me____umbrella.
Answer:
Give me an umbrella.

18. She saw_______tiger_______forest.
Answer:
She saw a tiger in a forest

19. ______brave should be rewarded.
Answer:
A brave should be rewarded

20. What__________big temple.
Answer:
What a big temple.

21. There was______little water in the glass.
Answer:
There was a little water in the glass.

22. Rambabu is______ readerin English.
Answer:
Rambabu is a reader of English

23. ______universities cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.
Answer:
A university cricket team came to this place to play a friendly match.

24. Give me __________ half kilo potato.
Answer:
Give me a half kilo of potato.

25. ___________ few people were present in the meeting.
Answer:
A few people were present at the meeting.

26. I like _________ red wine with lunch.
Answer:
I like a red wine with lunch.

27. London is_________ city.
Answer:
London is a city.

28. We electedhim as__________ M.L.A.
Answer:
We elected him as an M.L.A.

29. __________Ramayan is_______ famous epic.
Answer:
The Ramadan is a famous epic.

30. I shall backin__________hour.
Answer:
I shall be back in an hour.

31. I read_________Prajatantra every day.
Answer:
I read the Prajatantra every day.

32. He is holding________umbrella.
Answer:
He is holding an umbrella

33. He is__________ one – eyed.
Answer:
He is a one-eyed.

34. I like thebeauty of__________ Himalayas.
Answer:
I like the beauty of the Himalayas

35. ___________elephant is a strong animal.
Answer:
An elephant is a strong animal.

36. I like to give_________ useful present.
Answer:
I like to give a useful present.

37. London is in _________ Thames.
Answer:
London is in the Thames.

38. Is there_______ school in this town?
Answer:
Is there a school in this town?

39. He is__________ principalofour college.
Answer:
He is the principal of our college.

40. He is________lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

41. _________Mahanadi is the longest river of Odisha.
Answer:
The Mahanadi is the longest river in Odisha.

42. He is__________ lecturer.
Answer:
He is a lecturer.

43. I saw_______ snake and_______ snake rushed towards me.
Answer:
I saw a snake and the snake rushed towards me.

44. I went by_________ Konark Express.
Answer:
I went by the  Konark Express.

45. She is___________ actress.
Answer:
She is an actress.

46. I like________ mangoes you eat.
Answer:
I like the mangoes you eat.

47. He is speaking like __________ Kalidas.
Answer:
He is speaking like a Kalidas.

48. She is________ mostbeautiful womanofour village.
Answer:
She is the most beautiful woman in our village.

49. He is____________first person to come.
Answer:
He is the first person to come.

50. There was__________ temple.
Answer:
There was a temple.

51. Sitais swimmingin __________ pond.
Answer:
Sita is swimming in thepond.

52. He aremaking__________union.
Answer:
He is making a union.

53. _______ Gita is_________ sacred book.
Answer:
The Gita is a sacred book.

54. He is________ European.
Answer:
He is a European

55. It is _________ great honor to be invited to the ceremony.
Answer:
It is a great honor to be invited to the ceremony

56. _________ I have a glass of milk.
Answer:
Could I have a glass of milk?

57. I _________ be twenty on my next birthday.
Answer:
I will be twenty on my next birthday.

58. Why_________ women be paid less than men for doing the same?
Answer:
Why should women be paid less than men for doing the same?

59. I________wear a coat today it is quite warm.
Answer:
I need not wear a coat today it is quite warm.

60 __________ I close the door.
Answer:
Shall I close the door?

61. It mayrain you_________ carryan umbrella.
Answer:
It may rain you should carry an umbrella.

62. It is late. You __________ go to bed.
Answer:
It is late. You should go to bed.

63. You_______hurry, there is enough time.
Answer:
You need not hurry, there is enough time

64. __________ you lend me your pen, please.
Answer:
Could you lend me your pen, please

65. India_________ take active steps to reduce population growth.
Answer:
India should take active steps to reduce population growth.

66. _______ you open the window, please?
Answer:
Could you open the window, please?

67. I am afraid the weather____________not improve for another two or three days.
Answer:
I am afraid the weather might not improve for another two or three days

68. You________respect your teacher.
Answer:
You should respect your teacher.

69. ________you stand on your hands.
Answer:
Can you stand on your hands?

70. After four he______ write well.
Answer:
After four he could write well.

71. __________ you lend me Rs 50?
Answer:
Could you lend me Rs 50?

Section-I

Pre-reading activity:
You might have at times thought about who a happy man is. What do you think brings happiness to one’s life?
(i) It is something related to wealth and material comforts.
(ii) Or is it purely a state of mind, with nothing much to do with one’s financial status or social or social position?
(iii) Does it he in a life of adventure and romance, a life of freedom and carefree enjoyment away who is a happy man?

Notes On The Writer:
William SomersetMaugham(1874-1965) is a prolific writer of the twentieth century having to his credit about 17 novels, 32 plays, more than 100 short stories, two travelogues, and two treatises containing his views of life and literature. Amonghisnovels “OfHumanBondage”. “The Moon and Six Pence” “The Printed VeilCakes and” and ‘The Razor’s Edge” have earned him critical acclaim.

His novels, plays, and short stories give a realistic portrait of a degenerate society, a society given to selfish pleasures and hedonism with no respect for human values or scruples encompassing a larger area of human experience. Most of them depicted the crumbling of the institution of marriage, which has almost become a tightrope around the neck of the spouse’s affair, such indulgences often leading to promiscuity. With deft and dexterous use of irony and satire, his vision grows from a study of the wider spectrum of life to an affirmation of its meaning at the individual level.

The Story:
A careful reading of the story reveals that Stephens may not embody the essentials and philosophy happy man in a metaphysical sense, but projects undoubtedly a new vision and perspective. What we notice is intimist spiritual attainment but an abandonment of taken-for-granted life and relationship in favor of a life of sunshine, color, and mirth. Intimate there is a quest for freedom and the pursuit of bohemian life. Maugham seems to provide a new pattern and direction to life through his protagonist. You have the undertone of irony apparent to the discerning reader.

GIST:
Paragraph -1
It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others and it has been often a wonder that the politicians, reforms, and such like who are prepared to force upon their fellow measures that must alter their manners, habits, and points of view making a strong confidence in this regard. The thoughts and emotions of the neighbors can only be guessed. Life is a difficult business and it is found hard enough to make a complete and rounded thing.

GIST:
Paragraphs (2-3)
The narrator was a young man who lived in a modem apartment in London near Victoria Station. Late one afternoon, when he was beginning to think he had worked enough for that day, he heard a ring at the bell. He opened the doorto atotal stranger. He asked the narrator’s name. He asked to come in and he did it instantly. He led the stranger to his sitting room and told him to sit down. He seemed a trifle embarrassed. He also offered him cigarettes.

Gist:
Paragraphs (4-10)
The stranger said that his name was Stephens and he was a doctor. He said that the has read a book by the narrator about Spain and he wanted to ask him about that. The book is not so good. The fact remains that he knows something about there’s no one else who knew it so well. He was silent for a movement. He reached out for his seat and held. It is one hand absentmindedly stroking it with the other. He surmised that it gave him confidence.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (11-12)
He was brought up by two old aunts. He has never been anywhere. He has been married for six years. He has no children. He is a medical officer at the Camberwell Infirmary. There was something very striking in the short, sharp sentences he used. They heard a force bring. He had ’ not given him more than a cursory glance, but then looked at him with curiosity. He was a little man. thick-set and stout of thirty perhaps, with around red face from which store small, dark, and very bright eyes. His black hair was cropped close to a bullet-shaped head. He was dressed in a blue suit a good deal the worse for wear.

Gist:
Paragraphs – (13-22)
He again said that I must know what the duties of a medical officer in an infirmary are! One day is much like another and that’s all he has got to look forward for the root of his life. The narrator said that it was a means of livelihood; the one is pretty good and interrogated whether he thought there would be any change for an English doctor in Spain.

He continued that it was not like caramels, but there was sunshine, good wine, and color and there is the air you can breathe. He said that he heard by accident that there was no English doctor in service. It could be foolish on his part to give a good safe job for an uncertainty. His wife was also willing to his leaving the house. The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life. He left him.

Analytical Outlines

• It is a dangerous thing to order the lives of others.
• It has been often a wonder.
• However, the politicians, reformers, and such people.
• They prepare to force upon their fellows.
• They may have a view about their manners, habits, etc.
• They make strong confidence in this regard.
• The thought and emotions of the neighbor can only be guessed.
•  Life is a difficult business.
•  It is found that it is very hard to make a complete and minded thing.
• The narrator was a young man.
• The narrator was a young man.
• He lived in a modest apartment.
• He was; thinking one afternoon.
• He had worked enough for that day.
• He heard a ring at the bell.
• He opened the door.
• He found a stranger.
• He asked the narrator his name.
• He asked him to come in.
• He did it instantly.
• He led the stranger to his sitting room.
• The narrator told him to sit down.
•  He seemed a trifle embarrassed.
• He also offered him cigarettes.
• The stranger’s name was Stephens.
• He was a doctor.
• He said that he had read a book.
• The book is written by the narrator.
• The book was written about Spain.
• He wanted to ask him about that.
• The book is not so good.
• The feet is that he knows something about that.
• No other one knew so well.
• He was silent for a moment.
• He reached out for his head.
• He reached out for his holding.
• He absentmindedly stroked it with the other.
• He surmised about it.
• It gave him confidence.
• He was brought up by two old aunts.
• He has never been anywhere.
• He has been married for six years.
• He has no children.
• He is a medical officer.
• He is an officer at CambrewellInfirmacy.
• There was something very striking.
• He used short, sharp sentences.
• They heard a force bring.
• He had not given him more than a cursory glance.
• He looked at it with curiosity.
• He was a little man.
• He was thick-set.
• He was stout of thirty.
• He was with a round face.
• He was dark and very bright eyes.
• His black hair was cropped.
• It cropped close to a bullet-shaped head.
• He was dressed in a blue suit.
• It was worse for wear.
• He knew the duty of a medical officer.
• One day is much like another.
• That’s all he has got to look forward to for the livelihood.
• Themoneyispretty is good.
• It is interrogated why he had gone to him.
• He replaced to this question.
• He wanted to know about the chance of an English doctor in Spain.
• He said that it was not like carmen.
• But, he found there sunshine and good wine.
• He accidentally heard about something.
• There was no English doctor in service.
• It could be foolish to get a good job there.
• I was not certain about it.
• His wife was also willing to his leaving the house.
• The narrator said that the doctor would lead a wonderful life.
• He left him.

Meaning Of Difficult Words

flounder – to stumble, to thinking or speaking
confidence – reliance, trust
modest – humble, bashful
embarrassed – immediately, on the spur of the moment
stroked – disheartened, distressed
instantly – blow, an attach, abeat of pulse
surmised – doubted
glance – look
curiosity – anxious to learn, inquisition
stout – strong, robust
cropped – produced
pretty – beautiful, pleasing
interrogate – to question, to examine
infirmary -a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick
carmen – an opera(1 875) by George Bizet.

Section -II

Gist:
Paragraphs – (23-25)
Fifteen years passed by. The narrator happened to be in service and having some trifling indication asked the hotel porter whether there wasinEnglishdoctorinthe town. He said positive and gave him the address. He took a cab and when he reached the house, a little fat man came out of it. He hesitated when he caught sight of the narrator explaining his purpose and the doctor asked him to go in.

He lived in an ordinary Spanish house, with a patio and his consulting room which led out of it was littered with papers, books, medical appliances, and lumber. They finished the business and he asked the doctor what his fee was. The doctor shook his head and smiled. He said that there was no fee. He asked the narrator whether he remembered why the doctor had been there. It was because of something he had once said to him. His life changed only for the narrator, the doctor admitted. He said he was Stephens.

Paragraphs (26 – 28)
The narrator had forgotten all about it. He had not the least notion of what he was talking about. He remembered him of their interview and the narrator after a lot of thinking recalled the matter. Stephens did not believe he could get a chance to have sight of the narrator to give thanks to him for what he had done for him. The narrator looked at him. He was very fat and bold, his eyes twinkled gaily and his fleshy, red face bore an expression of perfect good humor. The clothes he wore were terribly shabby.

Gist:
Paragraphs (29-33)
The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married. Stephens replied in negative. Hardly and Stephens replied when a Spanish woman, no longer in her first youth, but still boldly and voluptuously beautiful appeared at the door. She spoke to him in Spanish and the narrator believed that she might have been theirs. of the house.

As he stood at the door to let the narrator out he said that later told him when he saw him lost that the former would go to Spainhe should earn enough money just to keep body and soul together but he should live a wonderful life. And the narrator was perfectly right. He has been and will be poor but he has enjoyed life to the brim.

Analytical Outlines

• Fifteen years passed by.
• The narrator happened to be in service.
• He has some trifling indisposition.
• He asked the hotel porter something.
• He asked if there was an English doctor in the town.
• He answered positively
• Then he gave him the address.
• He looked cab.
• He reached the house.
• A little fat man came outfit.
• He hesitated when he caught the sigh of the narrator.
• The narrator explained his purpose.
• The doctor asked him to go in.
• He lived in an ordinary Spanish house.
• He was living with a patio.
• He has a consulting room
• It was uttered with papers.
• It was uttered with books.
•  It was also littered with medical appliances and lumber.
• They finished the business.
•  He asked the doctor about his fees.
• The doctor shook his head.
• The doctor also smiled.
• He said that there was no fee.
• He asked the narrator something
• Whether he remembered why the doctor had been there.
• It was because of something he had once said to him.
• His life changed only for the narrator.
• The doctor admitted this.
• He said he was Stephens.
• The narrator had forgotten all about it.
• He had not the least notion.
• He was not concerned about what he was talking about.
• He reminded him of their interview.
• After a lot of thinking, the writer recalled the matter.
• Stephens did not believe it.
• He would get a chance to meet the narrator again.
• So that he would thank him for that.
• He thanked him for what he had done for him.
• The narrator looked at him.
• He was very fat.
• He was also very bold.
• His eyes twinkled gaily.
• His fleshy red face bore on expression.
• It was with perfect good humor.
• He wore terribly shabby clothes.
• The narrator asked whether Stephens had gotten married.
• Stephensrepliedinnegative.
• A woman appeared all the door.
• She was a Spanish woman.
• She was no longer in her first youth.
• But still, she was bold.
• She was voluptuously beautiful.
• She spoke to him in Spanish.
• The narrator believed that she might have been the Mrs. of the house.
• He stood at the door to let the narrator out.
• He said that the latter told him when he saw him last.
• The former would go to Spain.
• He should earn enough money there.
• He has just to keep body and soul together.
• But he should live a wonderful life.
• And the narrator was perfectly right.
• He has been and will be poor.
• But he has enjoyed life to the brim

Meaning Ofdifficult Words

trifle – unimportant
indisposition – un arrangement, un distribution, unplanned
porter – doorkeeper, a coolie
cab – covered four or two-wheeled carriage cabriolet
hesitate – to stop making a decision
litter – to cover with strew, to bring forth
appliances – instruments used for some special-purpose
lumber – a useful article, furniture stored away.
errand – business, purpose
patio – courtyard
admit – allow to enter
twinkle – to blink, to glitter, to shine
shabby – mean, low, paltry
boldly – courageously, daringly
sombrero – Aman’s hat with every wide brim which sowed especially in Mexico.
dissipated – drunken
voluptuously – luxuriously sensual
silenus – any group of forest spirits similar to stars but having the legs of horses.

Read More:

• The Happy Man Question Answer
• The Tree Question Answer
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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 5 Toads Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 5 Toads Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Toads Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
What ideas do you associate with Toads? List them here… The poem you are going to read now has the title “Toads”. See if the ideas you associate with Toads are reflected in the poem. Your focus, however, should be on finding answer to. Is it real Toads that the poem is about? If not, what does the poet mean by Toads?

Notes On The Poet:
Philip Larkin (1922-1995) is one of the outstanding poet of the post-war generation of poets. His volumes – include “The North Ship” (1 995) and “The Less Deceived” (1955). His poetry responds to all he tints and flavours of provinced life. His sensitivity to human “absurdity and pathos” is strongly marked in many of his poems. The poem “Toads” is expressed the poet’s disgust with a vice-like grip of a routined engagement.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
What does the poet mean by toads?
Answer:
The poet means by toads that they sit heavy with their hunkers which are as cold as snow.

Question 2.
How do the two questions with which the poem begins set the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The poet is disgusted with the toad that squats on his life. He wishes to drive it off. The tone marks a reaction against the ill luck of life.

Question 3.
The thing that oppresses the poet is first called “the toad” then “the brute” then “it”. Does this convey the poet’s progressive indifference to the creature? What else could this convey?
Answer:
The use of “the toad”, “the brute” and “it” display the poet’s progressive indifference to the creature. It also conveys an irksome attitude of the poet to the creature.

Question 4.
Which stanza expresses the poet’s intense disgust? What is he disgusted with?
Answer:
The poet is disgusted with a vice-like grip of a routined engagement.

Question 5.
Identify the stanza where alliteration is most pronounced? What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant speech sounds in the sequence of nearby woods. This is prominent in “Lots” of folk five on their wits/lecturers, lispers/losels, loblolly men, louts …”

Question 6.
What is the poet’s attitude to the people ‘who live on their wits? Why does he cite their examples?
Answer:
The poet holds a positive view for the people who live on their wits. He cites examples of witty persons because they don’t end as paupers.

Question 7.
What can the poet mean by the expression “Their unspeakable wives”?
Answer:
The wives are unspeakable because they cannot be studied and spoken off. They are unscrutable and unspeakable. They are as skinny as whippets.

Question 8.
What is the poet’s wish in Stanza 6?
Answer:
The poet says this in Stanza 6 which reflects an unpleasant experience. When one does not want the pension that is offered and one get’s angry.

Question 9.
In the first stanza the poet says “why should I let the toad work/squat on my life; in Stanza 7 he says” “For something sufficiently toad-like / squats in me too.” Are they two different squatters? Is there a difference of mood between Stanza -1 and Stanza – 7?
Answer: The squatter in stanza- 1 and the one in Stanza- 7 are different squatters. There is a difference of mood between Stanza- 1 and Stanza – 7.

Question 10.
What does the poet require from life? Is he frustrated because he can’t get “All at one sitting”?
Answer:
The poet requires a free and enchanting life rather than the routined engagement. He is not frustrated as such in the lines indicated.

Question 11.
The poet is a deft manipulated of words but he envies those who make a living through unscrupulous manipulation of words, who “blarney” their way to success. What could he mean would you consider it mock modesty?
Answer:
The poet through his enjoy of those who make a living through unscrupulous manipulation of words is quite choosy and idealist in employing right words in the right situations. It can be termed as a mock modesty.

Question 12.
What do these lines mean? Attempt a simple and brief paraphrase.
“I don’t say, one bodies the other
One’s spiritual truth
But I do say it’s hard to lose either.
When you have both”.
Answer:
These lines have a bearing with the previous lines. Something to ad-like sits in him heavy with its hind legs which never allow to blarney his way to getting the feme, the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth. It is also difficult to lose either of the two in the event of having the both.

Composition:

Question 1.
Assess the significance of the little “Toads”?
Answer:
The poem ‘Toads” is composed by Philip Larking, an eminent and out-standing poet of the post-war generation. His poetry responds to all the tints and flavours of provinced life. He has indeed great mastery in proving apt and suggestive title to his poems. His quality in this sense is superb and fantastic. This is a typical poem demonstrating this quality.

However, the title of work of art must be pointed, precise, concise, sharp and suggestive. It should be lie a colourful and attractive signboard which attracts the attention of the customers instantly. It can also show the inside contents of the shop. Similarly an attractive and suggestive title makes the reader spell bound to go through the piece of writing with much interest and fascination. The discussing poem ‘Toads” is sucha poem which satisfies all the characteristics of a good title. Toads are very inactive, rough and ugly creatures that sit heavy hindering its and other progress simultaneously.

The little taken from these living makes it clear that the toads keeping hanging on the poet which hinder his progress. Moreover, the poet starts the poem with two questions at the outset of the poem. One, “Why should I let the toad work/squat on my life?” Second, can I use my wit as a pitchfork/And drive the brute off?” The second stanza of the poem says that the toad soils six days of the week with its sickening poison just for paying a few bills that is out of proportion. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly- men, louts don’t end as paupers. Yet many more people live up lanes with fires in a bucket that eat winds falls and tinned sardines and seem to like it.

In the fifth stanza, the poet says that their children here got bare feet, their unspeakable wives are skinny as small thin racing dogs and yet no one actually stores. Had he been courageous enough to shout “stuff your pension” but he knows, all too well, that is the stuff that dreams are made on. In the seventh, eighth and ninth stanzas, the poet continues his thoughts saying that for something sufficiently toad-like squats in him to blarney his way to getting the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth but he does say that it is hard to lose either when one has the both. As a matter of fact, it is very much clear from the above description that, the title of the poem is apt and suggestive. The poet’s explanation about the toads as really fantastic, outstanding, though-provoking and appropriate.

Question 2.
Write an appreciation of the poem. First state the theme and say briefly how this theme is related to “Toads”. Then discuss how the problem is introduced and elaborated in the poem and whether there is any suggestion of a resolution of the problem. Also examine how the introducing stanza and the concluding stanza are related to each other and so the stanza in between. Identify the unusual words in the poem, if you find any and point out their relevance in the poem. And conclude your appreciation with your personnel response to the theme and its treatment in the poem.
Answer:
In fact, Philip Larkin’s poem ‘Toads” is his superb and fantastic composition. Here he expresses his disgust with a vice like grip of routined engagement. It is such a poem which satisfies the characteristics of a good poem. Toads are very inactive, rough and ugly creatures,
that sit heavy hindering its and the other’s progress simultaneously. The title taken from these living beings makes it clear that the toads keep hanging on the poet which hinder his progress.

However, the poet starts the poem with two questions at the outset of the poem One is –
“why should I let the toad work/squat on my life”? The second one is – “can’t I use my wit as a pitch work /And drive the brute off?” The second stanza of the poem says that the toad soils six days of the week with its sickening poison just for paying a few bills that is out of preparation. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly-men, louts don’t end as paupers yet, many more people live up lanes with fires in a bucket that act windfalls and tinned sardines and seemed to like it.

Moreover, the poet delineates in the fifth stanza that their children have got bare feet; their unspeakable wives are skinny as small racing dogs and yet no one actually shores”, but he knows all two well, that is the stuff that dreams are made on. In the seventh, eighth and ninth stanza the poet continues his thought saying that for something sufficiently toad like squats in him too. Its hind legs are so heavy that they are as hard luck and cold as snow which will never allow him to blarney his way to getting the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting.

He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth but he does say that it is hard to lose either when one has the both.
The presence of alliteration which is a repetition of speech sounds in the sequence of nearby words makes the poem very effective. The initial’s sounds in the words ‘six’ ‘soils’ and the final ‘s’ sound in the words- ‘that’s, ‘proportion’; The I sounds in ‘tots’ ‘folk’, ‘live’, ‘lecturers’, ‘lispers’, ‘losels’, ‘loblolly-men’, Touts’ etc. are the alliterative sounds that enrich the poem As a matter of feet, the poem ‘Toads” of Philip Larkin is a typical masterpiece of suggestion which teaches and delights at one. The way he conveys the theme through toads is really superb
and outstanding. One the whole, the poem is inspiring, thought-provoking, elevating and heart-touching.

Toads Summary in English

Why should the speaker let the toad work and quat it on his life? Whether he can use his intelligence as a pitch form and drive the brute off. It soils six days out of seven with its sickening poison. A lot of people live on their wits. Lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly-men, louts don’t end as paupers. Lots of people also live up lanes with files in a bucket and act windfalls and tinned surdines. Their children have got bare fact. Their unspeakable wives are skinny as whippets and no one actually stars. The speaker can’t have say to shut “stuff your pension”. But he knows everything very well that dreams are made on Because something sufficiently toad-like sits on him and its hunkers are heavy as hard luck and cold as snow and will never allow him to talk pleasant but untrue things in order to convince or persuade people. He wishes to get the fame and the girl and the money all at one sitting. He does not say that one bodies one other one’s spiritual truth but he says it is hard to lose either when both are heard.

Analytical Outlines:

• The poet begins the poem with a question.
• Why should the speaker let the toad work and quit it on his life?
• Whether he can use his intelligence.
• He can use it as a pitchfork.
• He can drive the brute off.
• It soils six days out of seven.
• It soils with its sickening poison.
• A lot of people live on their wits.
• Lecturers and whispers don’t end as paupers.
• G. Losels, loblolly-men, and louts don’t end as paupers.
• Lots of people also live up lanes.
• They live up with fires in a bucket.
• They act windfalls.
• They act tinned surdines.
• Their children have got bare feet.
• Their unspeakable wives are skinny.
• They are skinny as whippets.
• No one actually starves.
• The speaker shouts something.
• He shouts, “stuff your poison”.
• But he knows everything very well.
• He knows that dreams are made on.
• Because, something sufficiently toad-like sits on him.
• Its hunkers are heavy.
• These are like hard hick.
• These are as cold as now.
• They will never allow him to talk pleasant.
• They will never allow him untrue things in order to convince or persuade.
• He wishes to get the fame.
• He wishes to get the money all at one sitting.
• He does not say that one bodies the other one’s spiritual truth.
• But he says it is hard to lose.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

squat – to sit on one’s heels.
pitchfork- a fork with a long handle.
wit- intelligence
lispers- those who speak with a speech fault
losels- loafers.
loblolly-men- those who trick others into giving them money.
louts- rude, violent men.
windfalls- fruits blowing offa tree
sardines- small young fish that are often pecked in flat metal boxes.
whippets- small thin racing dogs
nippers- children.
stuff your pension- you say this when you do not want the pension that is offered and you are angry
hunkers- bent knees while the toad is sitting.
blarney- talk pleasant but untrue things in order to convince or persuade people.

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text B: Typing your own Blood Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 2 Typing your own Blood Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Typing your own Blood Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity – 8

Comprehension:
Question 1.
What does typing someone’s blood mean?
Answer:
Typing someone’s blood means determining the exact type of blood a person usually has. It was make one know one’s blood – group whether ‘A’ or ‘B’ or ‘O’.

Question 2.
What materials are necessary to type one’s blood? Which paragraphs tell you about these materials?
Answer:
Alcohol – soaked cotton balls, sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1ml. of saline solution, anti-A anti- B and anti- Rhserum with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides, a grease pencil, a posture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low-heat sources are used on typing one’s blood.

Question 3.
What are the three stages of experimental process described in this text? Name them.
Answer:
First label one slide Rh with a grease pencil and place it under the low-heat source. Divide the cool slide into two equal portions labeling one side A and B and a drop of anti- Rh to warm the Rh slide. In the second stage, use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab your middle or ring finger opening the sterile lancet prick the sterile finger once. Collect several drop of blood in the tube containing saline solution. In the third stage, using the porture pipette, transfer one drop of saline solution containing blood to each of the anti- A, anti- B and anti-Rh serums using a separate applicator stick. Two or three minutes after clumping should have appeared in one or three of the areas. This clumping determines what kind of blood a person has. The stages can be named as preparatory stage, experimental stage and conclusive stage.

Activity – 9

Remedial Grammar:
Like your Rh- slide experiment, you have only two tense forms of most of the English verbs, e.g. “go” and “went”. “Gone” is not a tense form. In association with the other auxiliary verbs, it gives a sense of completion of an activity“has gone”ora passive sense “is done”. Hence like Rh+ or Rh-. English verbs can be either in past tense or non-past tense.

Similarly like your blood grouping. A, B, AB or O, we can have the aspects of perfect (have + V + en), progressive (be + V + ing), perfect progressive (both combined or simple neither, perfect, nor progressive). These four aspects of either past or non-past give us the 8 types of verb groups. In addition to these two tenses and four aspects we can find do operations or model auxiliaries as elements ofa very group.

In the first sentences of the text, the verb is……used. You can see that it is be + v + en structure in simple non-past tense form. Hence, is a simple non-past passive structure. Similarly, find out the aspect, tense and voice of the following verb groups: Illustrates has finished is doing had been completed was being conducted.

Tense	Aspects	Voice
(i) Past	(a) simple	(i) Active
	(b)perfect
(ii) Non-past	(c) progressive	(ii) Passive
	(d)Perfect Progressive

Answer:

Verb groups	Tense	Aspects	Voice
Illustrate	Non-past	Simple	Active
has finished	Non-past	Perfective	Active
is doing	Non-past	Progressive	Active
had been completed	Past	Perfective	Passive
was being conducted	Past	Progressive	Passive

Activity -10

Composition:
In the passage you have step-by-step instructions on how to test and categorize your blood. Write instructions to carry out one of the following tasks.
(a) Teaching your friend how to make tea/cake/an omelette.
(b) Instructing a new friend how to reach your home.
(c) How to fix a fuse wire on your main switch.
Answer:
(a) How to make tea:
Ingredients: water, sugar, tea dust, boiled milk.
Instruments: stove, fry pan, a flat metal piece, spoon, a seive.

Preparation:
(i) Fire the stove.
(ii) Pour required cups of water.
(iii) Mix spoons of sugar as required.
(iv) Add one/two spoons of tea or as required.
(v) Serve the hot solution.
(vi) Add boiled milk to it.
(vii) Serve it in cups.

Extra Activity – 10(A)

B.(i) Derive adjectives from the following words in the text:
words – adjectives
thank – thankful
prepare – preparatory
talk – talkative
servility- servile
compel – compulsory
wisdom – wise
pleasure – pleasant
value- valuable
importance- important
success- successful
luck- lucky
proportion- proportional
enthusiasm- enthusiastic
completion- complete
reproach- reproachful
satisfy- satisfactory
reluctantly- reluctant
pleasure- pleasant
hastiness- haste
trouble- troublesome
persuade- persuasive
purpose- perposefiil
anger- angry
thought- thoughtful
child- children
despise- despicable
triviality- trivial
poverty- poor
necessity- necessary
deceive- deceptive/deceitful
sympathy- sympathetic
passion- passionate
clarity- clear
day- diurnal
night- nocturnal
truth- true
regularity- regular
respect- respectful
forget- forgetful
exhaust- exhaustive
fool- foolish
contempt- contemptuous
falsity- false
money- monetary
anxiety- anxious
continually- continual
pretend – pretentious
superiority- superior
misery- miserable

(ii) Derive adverbs from the following:

Words – Adverbs
thoughtful- thoughtfully
pleasant- pleasantly
reproachful- reproachfully
complete- completely
gradual- gradually
real- realty
excellent- excellently
passionate- passionately
filth- filthily
deep- deeply
full- folly
attract- attractively
possible- possibly
hunger- hungrily
exhaust- exhaustively
hesitate- hesitatingly
watch- watchfully
sharp- sharply
transitory- transitorily
rich- richly
strange- strangely
ordinary- ordinarily
desire- desirety
force- forcefully
strength- strongly
empty- emptity
foolish- foolishly
continual- continually
eternal- eternally
wonder- wonderfully
compel- compulsorily
respect- respectfully
necessary- necessarily
despicable- despicably
regular- regularly
contempt- contemptuously
anxiety- anxiously
misery- miserable

(iii) Say which words of the following in the text are nouns and which are adjectives:

happiness- Noun
good- Adjective
long- Adjective
flight- Noun
excess- Adjective
horrible- Adjective
ugly- Adjective
praise- Noun
bitter- Adjective
sleep- Noun
transitory- Adjective
happy- Adjective
mild- Noun
appearance- Noun
water- Noun
river- Noun
empty- Adjective
foolish- Adjective
years- Noun
folly- Noun
knowledge- Noun
Mortification- Noun
arrogance- Noun
intellectual- Adjective
penitence- Noun
voice- Noun
inward- Adjective
salvation- Adjective
power- Adjective
priest- Noun
madness- Noun
futile- Adjective
special- Adjective
crystal- Noun
depth- Noun
grateful- Adjective
new- Adjective
guest- Noun
hut- Noun
clothes – Noun
current- Noun
affection- Noun
secure- Adjective
bread- Noun
enjoyment- Noun
origin- Noun
despair- Noun
night- Noun
studies- Noun

(iv) Write antonyms of the following:
greatest- smallest
long- short
successful- unsuccessful
everywhere- nowhere
mature- immature
old- new
reality- appearance
real- unreal
presence- absence
true- false
agree- disagree
begin- end
wise- foolish
quickly- slowly
reach- depart
join- separate
remember- forget
small- big /great
back- front
conscious- unconscious
pallid- bright
obtain- lose
compare- contrast
fresh- stale
straighten- bend
hope- hopelessness/despair
win-lose /defeat
injustice- justice
take- give
sorrow- pleasure
much- less
stronger- weaker
completely- incompletely
remember- forget
compared- contrasted
difference- similarity
disappeared- appeared
secure- insecure
knowledge- ignorance
inward- outward
new-old
despair- hope

Section – C
Between men and women, who are the stronger? Who are more intelligent? Who are biologically superior? Why do you think so?
Discuss these questions in small groups and write down your most important arguments. Now read the following title on the differences between men and women.

Typing your own Blood Summary in English

Even if you do not wish to learn your blood type, the exercise is useful, because it familiarises you with some simple laboratory techniques, illustrates the use of basic equipment and prepare you to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure. In order to type your own blood, you need alcohol-soaked, soaked cotton balls, a sterile lancet, a small test tube containing 1 ml. of saline solution; anti – A, anti – B and anti – Rh serums with individual eye droppers, two microscope slides; a greased pencil; a pasture pipette, three applicator sticks and a warm fluorescent light or other low heat sources. One can make a typing of one’s own blood with these terms.

Analytical Outlines

• Of course, we don’t wish to learn about our blood type.
• Exercise is useful to us.
• It familiarises us with some sample laboratory techniques.
• It illustrates the use of basic equipment.
• It prepares us to follow the stages of an orderly scientific procedure.
• We can type our own blood.
• We need some equipment to do this.
• We require alcohol-soaked cotton balls.
• We require sterile lancet.
• We need a small test tube containing 1 ml of saline solution.
• We require anti-A
• We need anti-B
• We require anti-Rh serums with individual eye droppers.
• We require two microscope slides.
• We need a grease pencil.
• We require a Pasteur pipette.
• We need three applicator sticks.
• We also require a warm fluorescent light.
• We also need other low-heat sources.
• We require label one slide Rh with grease pencil.
• We have to place this slide under the low heat source.
• We have to divide the cool slide into two equal portion.
• We have to label one side as A and the other side B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti-A – A serum to slide – A.
• We have to apply one drop anti-B serum to slide – B.
• We have to apply one drop of anti – Rh serum to work Rh slide.
• We have to use an alcohol-soaked cotton ball to swab the middle or ring finger.
• We have to allow the excess alcohol to evaporate.
• After opening the sterile lancet, prick the sterile finger once.
• Now we have to collect several drops of blood in the test tube.
• The test tube also contains the saline solution.
• Now, we have to mix the solution.
• Again, we have to hold another sterile cotton ball over the cut.
• We have to allow the blood to clot.
• We have to transfer a drop of saline solution.
• It contains blood.
• It is transferred to anti-A.
• One drop is transferred to anti-B.
• Another drop is transferred to anti – Rh
• It is mixed using a separate applicator stick.
• It is allowed two or three minutes.
• Now, clumping should have appeared in A and B.
• Clumping denotes O blood.
• Rh – clumping means the blood is Rh- positive.
• The absence of Rh- clumping indicates it is Rh – negative

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

blood type – blood group
familiarise – intimate, make well-known
techniques – principles processes
illustrate – to explain, exemplify, show
I basic – fundamental, main, original
equipment – necessary instruments
procedure – principles, techniques
alcohol – pure spirit
soaked – absorbed
sterile – completely free from the seeds of disease
contain – comprise
saline – pertaining to salt
serum- liquid from of blood.
microscope – a magnifying instrument

Read More:

• Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answer
• Text B: Typing your own Blood Question Answer
• Text C: Some Differences Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Poem 4 Mirror Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Poem Chapter 4 Mirror Question Answers CHSE Odisha

Mirror Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
Every one of us looks into a mirror everyday. In which way(s) is a mirror useful to us. Can you list them here? You are about to read a poem named Mirror. Can you guess what this poem tells the reader? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) in her life, as in her poetry, tried to fuse the role of‘Muse, Mother and Poet”. Her poetry is intensely perporial and powerfully confessional. Notable among her works age. “The Cotossues” (1960) and “Ariel” (1965). In the poem“Mirror” Plath shows how the mirror reflects more than mere images.

Questions For Discussion:
Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The mirror is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
What are the two things that the mirror in the poem reflects?
Answer:
It reflects both love and dislike.

Question 3.
Why is the mirror called the “eye of little God”?
Answer:
The mirror is called the “eye ofa little God” because it accepts reflection whatever it sees.

Question 4.
Why could the poet mean when she says”
“Now I am a lake……….”
Answer:
The poet means that the mirror is a tiny lake which accepts anything that comes its way. It also reflects things exactly like a lake without prejudice.

Question 5.
Why are the candles and moon “liars”
Answer:
The candles and the moon are “liars” because the candles and the moon do not speak of exactly what a women is.

Question 6.
How does the woman react to her reflection in the lake?
Answer:
The woman bends over the mirror lake and searches for what she really is and then turns to the liars.

Question 7.
Would our views of the aging women different if she instead of the mirror had narrated the story?
Answer:
The view would have been different if the aging women instead of the mirror had narrated story. The aging woman would have been a liar.

Question 8.
Here the poet uses at least three of the poetic devices: personification, metaphor and simile. Identify the times where these figures of speech are used.
Answer:
Personification: – “……………… I have no preconceptions\ ……………..I see I swallow immediately………………”.
Metaphor: “I am silver …………….”.The eye of a little god”, “Now I am a lake”
Smile: “Rises towards her day after day.
Like a terrible fish.

Question 9.
“………………….. and in one an old woman rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish”. What is the significance of the image of a “terrible fish” here?
Answer:
The image of a “terrible fish” stands for the slow movement of time and death which are quite immediate.

Question 10.
Do you agree that the mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images? How sow?
Answer:
The mirror in this poem reflects more than mere images. It speaks the truth; it makes women search for the exactness.

Question 11.
Notice that the first stanza of he poem begins with “I can silver and exact” and the second stanza begins with “Now I am a lake”. Do these two autobiographical statements of the mirror contradict each other? It so, how are they reconciled in the poem?
Answer:
These two autobiographical statements. “I am silver and exact” and “Now I am lake” are two contradictory statements of the mirror. But both these statements and their ideas have reconciled the poem. It indicates that the mirror has two personalities. It is exact and faithful and at the same time profound and deep like a lake. It sometimes deceives in depth and is hence dangerous.

Composition:

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of the poem “Mirror” beginning with a statement of he theme and then proceeding to analyse the poem by lines along with your views regarding their communicative value (= how effectively the lines with their images and other poetic devices. If any communicate an idea). The conclusion would sum up the salient features of the poem and end with your general assessment of the poem.
Answer:
The poem“Mirror” is composed by Sylvia Plath, and eminent and out standing poet of the twentieth century. In her unique approach in English poem, plath is really superb and fantastic. The poem deals with something spectacular about mirror. The mirror as a reflecting device does something more than mere reflection. However, the poem is written in first person narrative giving an auto biographical sketch of the inanimate objects. Of course, the poem reflects life in mirror.

The barrier of the non-living things and rises above the personified in the poem to which human qualities have been attributed. It says that it is silver and exact. It neither exaggerates nor condemns, neither magnifies nor belittles. It speaks of as is it. Treats love and hatred alike. It is unprejudiced and truthful. It is the eye of a little god “The eye of a little god” is a metaphorical expression which tells that it is bright and truthful. Moreover, the second stanza is a continuance of the first one.

The mirror says that it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. Faces and darkness separate them over and over and now it is a lake. It says “Now I am a lake. A woman bands over it searching its reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars – the candles and the moon. It sees her back and reflects it faithfully. She awards it with tears and an agitation of hands. Each day, she has drowned a young girl and in it an old woman rises towards her day after day like a terrible fish.

As a matter of fact the poem is unique attempt at making an imaginative and a thoughtful approach to life. The poet attributes human qualities to the living and non-living things. The approach and technique of the poem are balanced and impressive. On the whole, the poem is most inspiring, elevating and heart-touching.

Question 2.
Basing on what you know of the relationship between the Mirror and the Wall in the poem. Write a dialogue between them on the subject of the world around them.
Answer:
The wall – Good Morning, Miss Mirror
The mirror – Good morning Mr. Wall. How are you?
The wall – Fine, thank you – How are you?
The mirror – Fine, thank you. Why do you look so pensive today? What’s the matter?
The wall – It’s because I didn’t see you yesterday where’d you been?
The mirror – I’s in the bathroom the whole day.
The wall – I haven’t seen himself the whole day.
The mirror – You haven’t seen yourself.
The wall You myself. I seen myself in you everyday. Don’t I?
The mirror – You see yourself in me ! What do you mean?
The wall – Very simple Don’t people see themselves in you?
The mirror – Yes they do. So what?
The wall –  I also see myself in you exactly like that. This is what I do every day.
The mirror – No only you, everything and every bring do the same, don’t they?
The wall – Yes, of course. But there’s a difference.
The mirror – What is it?
The wall – Aren’t you feeling me in the room?
The mirror – Yes, I am. There is a lot of things that face me in the room. Chairs, tables, lights and so on.
The wall – But you are vis-a-vis me, aren’t you?
The mirror – Yes, I’m. So also you.
The wall – I do admit it. Therefore, I see myself in you.
The mirror – You see yourself in me, but I don’t see myself in you!
The wall – No, you don’t, you reflect me and I see myself.
The mirror – Why don’t you reflect me in you?
The wall – No, I don’t reflect anything.
The mirror – Oh! you only take from others, you don’t give.
The wall – Not exactly, I neither take nor give. I’m quite unconcerned.
The mirror- Is it?
The wall – Yes it is.

Mirror Summary in English

The mirror lays that is silver and exact. It has no preconceptions. Whatever it sees it accepts into its delicate surface and produce just as it is. It is unmisted by Love or dislike. It accepts everything be it a thing of love or hatred. It is not cruel. It is truthful. Most of the time-it meditates on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. The person who wishes to get his reflection through it looks at it and thinks it as a past of his heart. Faces and darkness separate the on looker and the mirror over and over. The mirror is a lake. A woman bends over it searching her reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to these liars, the candles or the moon. She rewards it with tears and an agitation of hands. It is important to her, she comes and goes. Each morning her face replaces the darkness. She has drowned a young girl and an old woman rises from it towards her(the young girl).

Analytical Outlines:

• The mirror says that it is silver and exact.
• It has no preconceptions.
• It has delicate surface.
• It accepts what it sees.
• It produces just as it is.
• It is unmisted by love.
• It is also unmisted by dislike.
• It accepts everything.
• It may be love.
• It may be hatred.
• It is not cruel.
• It is truthfull.
• Most of the time, it meditates on the opposite wall.
• It is pink with speckles.
• A person wishes to get his reflection.
• He looks at it.
• He thinks it as a part of his heart.
• Faces and darkness separate the onlooker and mirror over and over.
• The mirror is a lake.
• A woman bends over it.
• She searches her reaches for.
• She searches in it what she really it.
• Then she turns to those liars.
• She turns to the candles.
• She turns to the moon.
• She rewards it with tears.
• She rewards it with an agitation of hands.
• It is important to her.
• She comes and goes.
• Each morning, her face replaces the domes.
• Each morning her face replaces the darkness
• She has drowned a young girl.
• An old woman rises from it towards her.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:
preconceptions- opinions formed before knowing actual facts.
accept – to receive, to agree to
delicate- pleasing, graceful, tender
unmisted- not prejudiced, unaffected
hatred- disliking
cruel- pitiless, savage, severe, painful
meditate- consider deeply
speckles- sports
agitation- disturbance
domes- a rounded vault
flickers- flashing on and off quickly, agitation of
hands- waving of hands.

Read More:

• Indian Children Speak Question Answer
• The Goat Paths Question Answer
• Of a Questionable Conviction Question Answer
• Mirror Question Answer
• Toads Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 1 Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Chapter 1 ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answers CHSE Odisha

‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity -1

Relation Between Parts of a Text:
If you are asked to divide the lesson into 5 sections in order to make notes, where possibly could you draw the lines separating the sections?
Write the paragraph number and the last word of the paragraph after which you will start a new section. Suggest a title for each section.
Answer:
Section- 1: Paragraph-1 …………… harmful
Title: Old Fashioned Remedies for Cold
Section- 2: Paragraphs – 2-4 …………avoided
Title: Morphine, Codeine and Papaverine as Remedies.
Section- 3: Paragraphs 5-6 ………… cold
Title: What The Scientists Studied.
Section- 4: Paragraphs 7-8 ………………..complications
Title: Opium Derivatives and Bed Rest.
Section- 5: Paragraph-9 ……………………..before
Title: Hot Baths and Cold Measurement

Activity – 2

Summary skill:
Of the following six statements only three are main points of the passage. Identify them:
(i) Many widely advertised cures and home remedies for cold are worthless or harmful
(ii) Students treated with sugar tablets showed little improvement.
(iii) Neither vaccines, nor vitamins and any other dietary measures prevent cold.
(iv) Nasal drops and sprays are found to be dangerous.
(v) Staying in bed for the duration of the cold was the only remedy that showed any result.

Activity-3

Comprehension:
Question 1.
The second paragraph possesses a question, what is it?
Answer:
The question is: Is there any remedy, then, of value in the treatment of colds?

Question 2.
What answer does the writer suggest?
Answer:
The writer says that there is scarcely any viable alternative for the treatment of common cold. However, there are a good many kinds of medicines which can be administered against cold.

Question 3.
How does the writer establish his answer?
Answer:
The writer picks up names like Morphine, Codeine, Papaverine combination, quinine hot water, air and stream baths were used as common therapies for cold but not as permanent cures.

Question 4.
What further recommendations did the writer make?
Answer:
The writer also brought out the names of different experts such as Dr. Russell Cecil, Dr. FitzHutter, De Quineeywhose findings were the best recommendations in the treatment of cold.

Activity – 4

Sequence In an Experiment:
What are the steps of the experiments mentioned in paragraph 4 and 5? Rearrange the steps given below in proper order:
(i) Record the health conditions of the patients at regular intervals.
(ii) Record initial health conditions of all the patients.
(iii) Compare the health conditions of the experiments group with that of the control group.
(iv) Prepare dummy to mixture.
(v) Draw inference after analysis of findings.
(vi) Divide the patients into experimental and control groups.
(vii) Select sample patients.
(viii) Prepare Codeine- Papaverine mixture.

Activity -5

Composition:
In this part of the country Tulsi leaves with honey are considered remedies for common cold. If you have to conduct an investigation to ascertain the truth of this belief, how will you organise the experiment? You can take clues from the reading passage and write down the steps of your proposed experiment.

Activity – 6

Remedial Grammar:
Morphine (which is) a derivative of opium, showed excellent results. (Paragraph – 3)
This preparation (which is) common called copavin, is not advertised to the public (Paragraph- 5)
In these sentences you have seen examples of non-defining relative clauses. Such clauses are separated from the main clauses with the help of commas. Secondly, the relative pronoun (like ‘which) and the ‘be’ verb can be omitted. The relative clauses without the relative pronoun and the ‘be’ verb are called the reduced relative clause. Similar reduction is possible in defining relative clauses also. Now reduce the relative clauses in the following sentences:
(a) They stood on the bridge which was connecting Cuttack with Jagatpur.
(b) The girl who is standing at the bus stop over there is my sister.
(c) The weapon that was used in the murder has been found.
(d) The boys who are being chosen for the college team are all under 18.
(e) The wooden beams which were holding up the roof have been damaged.

Activity – 7

Remedial Grammar:
1. Nasal congestion and stillness are reduced.
2. It was found that powered opium and Dover’s powder were beneficial.
3. The progress of the cold seemed to be arrested.
4. Commercial remedies are still sold.
In scientific tests were offer to see the examples of passive sentences. Whatever reduced nasal congestion, whoever found it out are unimportant in the first two sentences above. Similarly, we get examples of get-passive and have-passive scientific texts e.g.

When the boy gets chilled ___________.
I had my eyes tested.
Now rewrite the following sentences using passive structures like have/get + v + past participle.

The first one has been done for you.
1 . Our houses looked ugly. Its paint was pelling off.
So we got /had it painted.
2. Raman’s watch book. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So _____________
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So _____________
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown flourished and a wall fell down.
So _____________
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol. But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So _____________

Answer:
2. Raman’s watch broke. He could not afford to buy a new one.
So he had it repaired.
3. Lili split coffee on her favourite dress. She could not wash it by hand.
So she got it washed.
4. In the super cyclone the roof was flown of four shed and a wall fell down.
So we had it rebuilt.
5. Sharukh’s car was not starting well and seemed to be using too much petrol But he did not want to sell his lucky car.
So he got it repaired.

Section – A
New look at the little of the first passage. “Cures for The Common Cold.” What possible cures can you think of? Do you know that science has not yet brought us a cure for this disease? However, the quest continues to find a possible remedy, can you guess any home remedy that may cure common cold?
Now go through the text quickly and see if you guess right. You have only two minutes to do so. Read the text again and identify the cures that have been short-listed.

Section – B
In section A we read about a sequence of experiments to find a cure for the common cold. In Section B we shall read about a different kind of experiment whose purpose is to find out the types of human blood. What’s more interesting, you can learn how to determine your blood type as well as that of others.

‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Summary in English

Cures for the common cold comprise general skepticism. Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year. Obsolete cures like asafetida and camphor are not longer in vogue and popular remedies like vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications and other drugs have substituted them. Advertised remedies now available in the market sometimes prove worthless and harmful. There is absolutely to effective prevention of the common cold. Morphine which is a derivative of opium showed excellent results, but was rejected on account of its danger. But some other derivatives of opium which are less toxic and carry no practical danger of habituation proved to be definitely valuable. Codline and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute colds.

The codlin-papaverine combination proved to be, after Morphine, the most valuable of all cold medications. A preparation, consisting of one quarter grain of codeine and one quarter of grain of papaverine was finally selected as the most effective dosage. The main efficacy was a marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge. Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication. Had they remained in bed while using it is probable that even better result have been obtained. This preparation commonly called copavin, is not advertised to the public. But it is available through physicians who should decide when and in what dosage it should be used. Dr. Russel CecilofNew York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna, both found that the codeine, paparine mixture was particularly beneficial if used by their patients at the very beginning of the affection.

Dr. Quincy, in his “Confessions” wrote that during the years in which he had taken opium he “never once caught cold, one the phrase in nor even the slightest cough. But after discontinuing the use of opium, a violent cold attacked me and a cough soon after.” Less effective, but still of moderate value were several other opium derivatives. In addition to codeine and papaverine it was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial. Quinine also came to be included in this group of moderately valuable medications. In the end, certain general hygienic measures are helpful in the treatment of colds. Going to bed and remaining there until recovery is good advice.

The value of bed rest lies in protecting others from exposure, in necessary general resistance and in keeping the body warm. Hot baths for the treatment of colds may consist of hot water, hot air stream. The effect of these baths is to dialate the blood vessels of the skin and to increase blood flow through them. As a result, nasal congestion and stiffness are reduced. Other effects may be obtained with message of or other forms of physiotherapy, with hot or cold compresses, mustard plasters and certain, medicated ointments. If such treatments are followed by rest in bed with sufficient covers to prevent cooling, the effect is prolonged and the possibility of their being more than temporary benefit is increased.

Analytical Outlines:

• Cures for the common cold comprise of general skepticism.
• Millions of dollars is being spent for this every year.
• Asafetida and camphor are considered as obsole cures.
• These are no longer in vogue.
• These have been so far substituted.
• The substitutions are popular remedies.
• These are vitamins, vaccines, nasal medications etc.
• Now advertised remedies are available in the market.
• These are proved worthless and harmful.
• There is absolutely no effective prevention of common cold.
• Morphine is a derivative of opium.
• Morphine should excellent results.
• But it was rejected on account of its danger.
• However, some other derivatives of opium are taken.
• These are less toxic.
• They also carry no practical danger of habituation.
• Hence, it proved to be definitely valuable.
• Codeine and papaverine both proved valuable in the treatment of acute cold.
• The codeine-papaverine combination proved to be the most valuable of all cold medication after morphine.
• The preparation is made.
• One-quarter grain of codeine and one-quarter grain of papaverine are prepared together.
• It is finally selected as the most effective dosage.
• The main result was the marked decrease or complete disappearance of nasal congestion and discharge.
• Most of the students were up and doing while taking this medication.
• They had to remain in bed.
• So that they would have obtained better results.
• This preparation is commonly called copavin.
• It is not advertised to the public.
• But it is available through physicians.
• He is to decide about the dosage.
• Dr. Russell of New York and Dr. Fritz Hutter of Vienna found something about it.
• They found something beneficial about the mixture of codeine and papaverine.
• It is particularly beneficial for the patients at the very beginning of affection.
• Dr. Quincy in his “Confessions” wrote something.
• He wrote that the had taken opium for something.
• He marked that the had never caught by cold once.
• There was not even the slighest cough.
• But he discontinued the use of opium.
• He was attacked by a variant cold then.
• It was followed by a cough soon after.
• Several other opium derivative were less effective.
• They were still having with moderate value.
• It was found that powered opium and the old fashioned Dover’s powder were beneficial.
• Quinine belongs to this group.
• It is also accepted as the moderately valuable medication
• Certain general hygienic measures are considered.
• They are found helpful in the treatment of cold.
• Complete bed rest up to full recovery is a good advice.
• It lies in protecting others from exposure.
• It is necessary for general resistance.
• Again it keeps the body warm.
• We can accept hot baths for the treatment of cold.
• It may consist of hot water, hot air or stream
• Its effect is very important.
• It can dialate the blood vessels of the skin.
• Again, it can increase blood flow through them
• As a result of this, nasal congestion and stiffness are cured.
• Other effects may be obtained with message.
• We can also adopt other forms of physiotherapy.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• This can be done with hot or cold compresses.
• It can also be done by other medicated ointments.
• Such treatment should be followed with complete bed rest.
• It should be with sufficient covers to prevent cooling.
• Its effect to some extent prolonged.
• Again, the possibility of temporary benefit is increased.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

remedies – panaceas: ways and means of cure.
in vogue – in prevalence, in operation
investigation – searching or examining carefully, enquiry into a matter.
uniformly – identically, almost the same, equally
distinct – distinguished, different, separate
discarded – cast off rejected, thrown away, not accepted
one- quarter- one-fourth something
De Quincey – Thomas De Quincey (1 785 – 59), English essayist and critic famous for “Confession of an English Opium- eater”, fascinating memories of distinguished by great imaginative power and splendid prose.
Octean – Jean Octean (1 889 – 1963) French poet, novelist, dramatist, film writer and director who was in the vanguard of almost every experimental artistic movement of the 20th century.

Read More:

• Text A: ‘Cures’ for the Common Cold Question Answer
• Text B: Typing your own Blood Question Answer
• Text C: Some Differences Question Answer

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 2 Solutions Short Stories Chapter 3 The Watchman Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12th Alternative English Short Stories Chapter 3 The Watchman Question Answers CHSE Odisha

The Watchman Class 12 Questions and Answers

Section- I

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
How does the story writer present the setting of the story? Does it arouse the thrill and excitement of a detective story?
Answer:
The angler was angling in the tank water. He continued into the dead of night. There was nobody there. All of a sudden, he saw about a hundred yards away. A shadowy figure moving down the narrow stone steps that led to the water’s edge. He thought it might be a ghost. This arouses the thrill and excitement of a detective story.

Question 2.
What does the watchman think about the figure at a distance?
Answer:
The watchman saw a figure at a distance while he was angling in the tank. He thought it to be a ghost. Then he dismissed the idea and from the top step of the tank he observed that it was a woman’s form who stopped over the last step and placed something on it.

Question 3.
“Unmistakable signs – always to be followed by the police and gives some details…” What does this statement of the watchman indicate?
Answer:
Women coming to the tank and committing suicide in its water had caused the police to rush to the scene for actions. This had brought a lot of it reputation to the tank. Keeping this in mind, the watchman had uttered the statement.

Question 4.
What kind of tone do you mark in the words of the watchman in his first encounter with the girl?
Answer:
The watchman told the girl to come? out of the water otherwise she would be caught cold. He hurriedly lighted his lamp and discovered the letter on the step. He formed a notion that she had gone there to commit suicide. He said to himself as to why everyone was going to the same rank. His words mark a notion of suicide of the stranger girl.

Question 5.
Why did the girl want to commit suicide? Was the reason she advanced good enough to warrant such a step?
Answer:
The girl wanted to commit suicide because she was not selected for scholarship for studying medicine. She was going to be given in marriage very soon. This made her commit suicide.

Question 6.
What impression do you get about the girl from her narration? Do her words indicating her self-reliance and strong desire to study and her decision to commit suicide go together?
Answer:
The girl had lost her mother and her father married again. However, the step-mother was co-opearative and careful. She took the girl’s care as a mother. She had a strong desire to study. But she was not chosen for the scholarship to study medicine and she was to be given in marriage very soon. This incident had made her decide to commit suicide. Her words indicating her self-reliance and strong desire to study and her decision to commit suicide go together.

Vocabulary:
A. Derive adverbs from the following:

splash	temperament
except	topic
obstinate	tranquil
sad	silent
possible	stubborn
helpless	furious
interesting	poor
idea	formidable
logical	obey
surprise	race
wonder	pity
afford	pliable
worry	symmetry
comprehend	satire
death	sorrow
fantastic

Answer:
Words – Adverbs
splash -splashingly
except- exceptionally
obstinate- obstinately
sad- sadly
possible- possibly
helpless- helplessly
interesting- interestingly
idea- ideally
logical- logically
surprise- surprisingly
wonder- wonderfully
afford- affordably
worry- worryingly
comprehend- comprehensively
death- deadly
fantastic- fantastically
temperament- temperamentally
topic- tropically
tranquil- tranquility
silent- silently
stubborn- stubbornly
furious- furiously
poor- poorly
formidable- formidably
obey- obediently
race- racingly
pity- pitiably
pliable- pliably
symmetry- symmetrically
satire- satirically
sorrow- sorrowfully

B. Make sentences with the following:

feint	bury
horizon	trouble
survey	retort
obstinate	burden
trespass	livelihood
dismiss	worry
investigate	afford
reputation	exclaim
gaze	announce
bright	breakdown
hurriedly	comprehend
murmur	hysterically

Answer:
feint- He looks very faint today.
horizon – The sunset looks beautiful in the western horizon.
survey- The government has started survey of population.
obstinate – This boy is very obstinate.
trespass – Trespassing is a serious offense.
dismiss – He dismissed his proposal of going to Puri.
investigate – The police investigated the case.
reputation – Hari has an ill reputation.
gaze- The girl gazed boldly at my face.
bright – He had a bright chance to pass the exam.
hurriedly- He ran to me hurriedly.
murmur- I enjoy murmurs of the river.
bury- The dead body was buried in the graveyard.
trouble- I can face any trouble.
retort- She strongly retorted to refute her husband’s argument.
burden- Donkey is an animal of burden.
livelihood- She worked hard to earn her livelihood.
worry- He is very worried about his result.
afford- His father could not afford his study expenses.
exclaim- He exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight.
announce – The results was announced in time.
breakdown – The bus came to a breakdown.
comprehend- You should comprehend the topic thoroughly.
hysterically – The woman rushed hysterically to the site to sea the son’s dead body.

C. Write the antonyms of the following:

alive	interesting
alert	poor
inlet	obey
appear	sad
possible

Answer:
Words – Antonyms
alive – dead
alert – dormant
inlet – outlet
disappear – appear
possible – happy
interesting – disinteresting
poor – rich
obey – discovery

D. Supply synonyms to the following:

abandon	barbarous
abound	bare
absurd	base
adept	beginning
adequate	behaviour
admission	belie
adversary	beseech
adversity	betray
affable	bias
affection	bizarre
affront	blame
aggressive	bold
awful	fearful

Answer:
Words – Synonyms
abandon – forsake
abound – increase
absurd – ridiculous
adept – skilled
adequate – sufficient/ enough
admission – entry
adversary – opponent /enemy
adversity – misfortune
affable – gracious
affection – love /inclination
affront – insult
aggressive – attacking
awful – fearful
barbarous – uncivilised
bare – nude
base – mean /worthless
beginning – start
behaviour – conduct/manner
belie – contradict
beseech – pray
betray – mislead
bias – inclination
bizarre – strange
blame – disapprove
bold – valiant /daring

Section – II

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Do you notice a shift of focus in this part of the story?
Answer:
This part of the story marks a shift of focus. The even of the first section tells about the girl’s sorrows and pangs for her not being selected for scholarship to study medicine. Her inclination to committing suicide has been delineated there. But the second section shifts from that even to the village life of the watchman

Question 2.
Give an account of the part life of the watchman.
Answer:
In the distant past, in his little village home an epidermic of cholera laid out of his father, mother and brothers on the same day and he was the sole surviver. He was turned out of his ancestral home through the trickery of his father’s kinsmen and he wandered as an orphan suffering indescribable hunger and privatition.

Question 3.
Everyone has his own miseries. If people tried to kill themselves for each one of them. I don’t know how often they would have to drown”. How does this statement of the watchman affect the girl?”
Answer:
The statement head a great deal of effect on the girl who was in the tank to commit suicide. The watchman made understand the matter saying the everyman has his own sorrow and problems. He said that the girl was very young and did not know what sorrow was. His wife bore his eight children out of whom only one lived. She had only one daughter living with him. This affected the girl and she looked back at him in bewilderment.

Question 4.
What you think was the outcome of the conversation between the watchman and the girt?
Answer:
Nothing came out of the conversation between the watchman and the girl. As the
Taluk going stuck again he advised her to go home, but she declined saying that she had no home to go to. The watchman warned her of not being obstinate. He picked up his lantern and staff and get up. He put her letter where he had found it. He said if she was going to be obstinate she would leave her alone. He went up steps and left.

Question 5.
What did the watchman believe when he saw the letter on the steps next morning? How did he feel thereafter?
Answer:
When the watchman came back to duty next morning he hurried down the stone steps. The letter lay where he had dropped it on the previous night. He believed that the girl had committed suicide. He tore it up and flung it on the water. He blamed himself for leaving her and going away on the suicide in the tank. He could never look at the blue expanse of water gain with an easy mind.

Question 6.
If you believe the watchman’s words he recognised the married young woman as the girl he thought was dead. Why then should she look away from the watchman?
Answer:
Years later, one evening as the stood on the bond and took a final survey before going home, he saw a car draw up on the road below. A man a woman and there children emerged from the car and climbed the bund. The watchman recognised the married young woman as the girl he thought was dead. She looked away from the watchman least she should have been exposed before her husband and children through their conversation.

Question 7.
Whom do you like more – the girl or the watchman? Justify your answer.
Answer:
In fact, the watchman is obviously the person whom anybody can like. He inspires and persuads the girl for going back home and the girl does not leave. He leaves for home and comes back there the next morning. He takes for granted that the girl had committed suicide. He takes for granted that the girl had committed suicide. He blames himself for at least one suicide. Years later, when he sees children. He recognizes her whom he wants to speak to, but she avoids talking to him deliberately. The watchman shows her respect without reciprocity from the women. This speaks volumes of the goodness of the watchman as contrasted with the nature of the girl.

Composition:

Question 1.
Attempt an appreciation of the character of the watchman.
Answer:
The short story “The Watchman” is undoubtedly the most typical masterpiece of R.K. Narayan, an eminent and outstanding. Indian storyteller of the twentieth century. He is really a superb master in depicting the realistic and vivid characters skillfully chosen from the then prevalent Indian society. His characters, mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer sections, exhibit an uncanny sense offear, in their actions and behaviour, the fear and uncertainties beaming out of foreign domination and a servile attitude of the people who suffer, sometimes they are the victim of social evil and corrupt order.

Such a typical character is the watchman in this discussing story. However, the story writer R.K. Narayan gives a graphic sketch of the character and personality of the watchman in his story names after this protagonist. The story embodies two characters the watchman and the girl the characters of whom need a close study. The watchman demonstrates a greater understanding of man’s predicament and endurance to encounter boldly the onslaughts of misfortune. Moreover, the watchman has a deep concentration on angling in the tank. All the people who had come for evening had returned to their homes. Not a soul anywhere except that obstinate angle at the northern end who sat with his feet in water, sadly gazing on his rod. He would sit there till midnight with the hope of catching fish. Of course, he has a sense of conscience. He advised the girl and dissuaded her from taking any attempt for committing suicide. She declines to go home as she has not any. He gets irritated and leaves for his own home.

Coming back from home the next morning he discovers the same letter lying on the steps of the tank bund, he presumes that the girl is dead. His conscience bites him and he holds himself responsible for the death of the girl. He thinks if he had not left her alone, she wouldn’t have committed suicide. He speculates that he isat least responsible for one suicide in the tank. Again, we mark that he has a sense of respect years later, one evening as he stood on the bund and took a final survey before going home, he sees a car draw up on the road below. A man, a woman and three children emerged from the car and climb the bund.

When they approach the watchman feels a start at his heart. The figure and face of the woman seems familiar to him. The woman is altered by years, ornaments and dresses, he thinks that he has recognised the face of the woman. He feels excited at the discovery. He has numerous question to ask. He brings together his palms and salutes her respectfully. As a matter of fact, the watchman happens to be pivotal character of the story. He is hold, courageous, helpful, generous and benevolent. The way Narayn depics his protagonist is superb and fantastic. It is inspiring, elevating and heart-enduring.

Question 2.
Sketch the character of the girl in contrast with the character of the girl.
Answer:
In fact the short story “The Watchman” is R.K. Narayan’s super band fantastic creation. He is in fact, an outstanding master in the work of sketching vivid and lively and realistic characters. His characters, mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer section, exhibit an uncanny sense of fear and in their actions and behaviour sometimes, they are a victim of social evil and corrupt. Such of a character is the girl in “The Watchman” of R.K. Narayan. However, between the two important characters in the story ‘The Watchman,” the girl is equally essential to the formation of its structure. The girl is ambitious, believe in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity “I won’t like an anybody’s charity” she says.

To the watchman is suggestion of accepting marriage, she hysterically reveals that her cowardly thought of suicide is not in harmony with the bold statement she makes before the watchman. Like most of Narayan’s characters, she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She looks a strong willpower to arrange money shown in order to pursue her studies. Moreover, the watchman saw the girl in the tank bund while he was angling in the tank water concentratedly late at night, she had kept a letter on the step and was in the water. The watchman lit his lantern and discovered the girl in the tank which had an ill-reputation for committing suicide. The young girl was in tears. He asked her to go home. Sputtering through her sob, she said she had not home to go to.

She lost her mother some years back and her father married again. Her stepmother was also kind and cooperative to her, when the watchman said that her problems would be solved if she got married, she said that she did not want to marry as she wanted to study and become a doctor and earn her livelihood. Till that she had been hoping to get a scholarship which would have helped her. But another to get a scholarship which would have helped her. But another not she was given the scholarship. Her mother was going to settle her in marriage which she did not like. As a matter of fact, from the above sketch it is clear that in spite of her obstinacy, the girl is a lovable and lively character. Such type of situation and happenings are general and common in our society and so Narayan’s exhibition of such is superb and outstanding. On the whole both of the characters are watchman and the girl are inspiring, elevating and thought enduring.

Question 3.
Comment on Narayan’s art of storytelling. With reference to the short story “The Watchman”.
Answer:
In fact, R.K. Narayan is universally acknowledged as an outstanding and superb master in the realm of storytelling. Not only in India, but also in the entire cosmos internationally, he has put a burning stamp to have name and fame which is rarely marked and depicted on the part of his other contemporaries. He is an adept fabricator of stories. He is undoubtedly one of the greatest Indian in English, having to his credit a number of novels, volumes of short stories’- travelogues, retold legends and an autobiography.

“Swamy and Friends”,‘The Bachelor of ‘The English Teacher”, “Mr. Sampath”,‘The Guide” etc. are some of his important Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories”, “LawlyRoad and Other Stories, “Malgudi Days”, “Under the Banyan Tree and Other Stories”, include his best known stories. “My Dateless Diary” is a travelogue and “My Days” is the writer’s autobiography. Having an intimate knowledge of Indian life and society based with orthodoxy and superstition, he becomes Indian’s greatest storyteller, an astute observer of Indian psyche growing through the pre and post independence times. His characters mostly belonging to the lower middle class and poorer section, exhibit an uncanny sense offear in their actions and behaviour, the fear and uncertainty stemming mainly out of foreign dominant and a servile attitude of the people who suffer.

Sometimes they are the victims of social evils and a corrupt order of which his writings are humorous and satiric exposition. Irony at times lapses into cynicism in this writings. Narayan will live forever his beautiful imaginary town ofMalgudi faithfully representing Indian ethos, milie, and sensibility. However, the story extracted from “Malgudi Days” enacts an incident of a late evening on a tank bund which ultimately brings into focus a contrast between two characters a girl and a watchman. The girl is ambitious, believes in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity. “I won’t live on anybody’s charity, she says to the watchman’s suggestion of accepting marriage the historically reacts. “No, no… I don’t want to marry. But a deeper look into her character reveals that he cowardly thought of suicide is not in harmony with the bold statements she makes before the watchman.

Like most of Narayan’s characters she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She lacks a strong willpower to arrange money somehow in order to pursue her studies. In contrast, the watchman demonstrates a greater underlying of man’s predicament and endurance to encounter boldly the slaughts of misfortune. The story ends with a note of ambiguity and uncertainty as regards the identity of the woman. As a matter of fact, the story with its elements of irony and undertone of cynicism is a typical masterpiece of Narayan’s fictional writing. Judged from all sides this story becomes a perfect embodiment of Narayan’s method of storytelling keeping all his qualities in feet.

Vocabulary:
A. Say what parts of speech to these following words belong to:

faint	wet
western	tears
watchman	sudden
final	pity
obstinate	obey
satisfy	her
trespass	she
cattle	sputter
hundred	old
prayer	money
investigate	spend
gruesome	dinner
reputation	angrily
hurriedly	good
same	enough
yourself	dark
under	livelihood
light	far

Answer:

Words – Parts of Speech
feint – adjective
western – adjective
watchman – noun
final – adjective
obstinate – adjective
satisfy – verb
trespass – verb
cattle – noun
hundred – adjective
prayer – noun
investigate – verb
gruesome – adjective
reputation – noun
hurriedly – adverb
same – adverb
yourself – pronoun
under – preposition
light – noun
wet – noun
tears – adjective
sudden – adjective
pity – noun
obey – noun
her – pronoun
she – pronoun
sputter – verb
old – adjective
money – noun
spend – verb
dinner – noun
angrily – adverb
good – adjective
enough – adjective
dark – noun/ adjective
livelihood – noun
far – adjective

B. Make sentences using the following from the text:

Western	get up
obstinate	trouble
trespass	pause
investigate	pickup
sobbing	flung
wavelets	responsible
far off	draw up
epidemic	familiar
survivor	numerous
ancestral	resolve
trickery	episode
privation	excited
miseries	alter
bewilderment	recognise

Answer:

Western – We should not follow western culture.
obstinate – The child is very obstinate.
trespass – He trespassed my backyard to pluck flowers.
investigate – The police investigated the matter.
sobbing – I don’t care for her sobbing.
wavelets – The boy threw a stone into the pond and so wavelets appeared in the water.
far off – He has come from a far off place.
epidemic – Cholera is an epidermic
survivor – The boy is the sole survivor of his family after the super cyclone.
ancestral – Nobody wants to part with his ancestral home.
trickery – The boy fell into the trickery of his friend.
privation – The girl has nobody to fall back on. She is in a state of privation.
miseries His life is full of miseries.
bewilderment – When the son misbehaved his father his father was bewilderment
get up – We should get up from bed early, in the morning.
trouble – He is in a great trouble
pause – You should not take much pasues in your speech.
pickup – He picked up a stone and threw it at the dog.
flung – He flung himself back on the sofa.
responsible – I am not responsible for your problem.
drew up – He drew up his car near the house.
familiar – He is a Familiar face here.
numerous – He faced a numerous problem to do his work.
resolve – He resolved to do better in studies.
episode – This episode is very attractive
excited – He got excited to see his enemy.
alter – She altered her mind to marry.
recognise – I can’t recognise my friend as he becomes.

C. The three forms of irregular verbs:

Present – Past – Past participle
abide – abode – abode
arise – arose – arisen
awake – awoke – awaken
be – was – been
bear – bore – borne /bom
beat – beat – beaten
become – became – become
befail – befell – befallen
beget – begot – begotten
begin – began – begun
behold – beheld- beheld
bend – bent – bent
bereave – bereft/bereaved – bereft/bereaved
beseech – besought – besought
bet – betted – betted
bid – bade – bidden
bind – bound – bound
bite – bit- bitten
bleed – bled – bled
blow – blew – blown
break – broke – broken
bring – brought – brought
bread – bred – bred
broadcast – broadcast – broadcast
build – built – built
bum – burnt – burnt
burst – burst – burst
buy – bought – bought
can – could – could
cast – cast – cast
catch – caught – caught
chide – chid – chid
choose – chose -chosen
cleave – cleft /cleaved – cleft /cleaved
cling – clung – clung
clothe – clothed – clothed
come – came – come
cost – cost – cost
creep – crept – crept
crow – crowed – crowed
cut – cut – cut
dare – dared / durst – dared /durst
deal – dealt – dealt
dig – dug – dug
do – did – done
draw – drew – drawn
dream – dreamt – dreamt
drink – drank – drunk
drive – drove – driven
dwel – dwelt – dwelt
eat – ate – eaten
fall – fell – fallen
feed – fed – fed
feel – felt – felt
fight – fought – fought
find – found – found
flee – fled – fled
fling – flung – flung
fly – flew – flown
forbear – forbore – forborn
forbid – forbade – forbidden
forget – forgot – forgotten
forgive – forgave – forgiven
forsake – forshook – forsaken
freeze – froze – frozen
get – got – got
gild – gilt/glided – gilt/glided
gird – girt – girt
give – gave – given
go – went – gone
grind – ground – ground
grow – grew – grown
hang – hung – hung
here – had – had
hear – heard – heard
hew – hewed – hewn
hide – hid – hidden
hit – hit – hit
hold – held – held
hurt – hurt – hurt
keep – kept – kept
kneel – knelt – knelt
know – knew – known
lay – laid – laid
lead – led – led
lean – learnt – learnt
leak – leapt – leapt
learn – learnt – learnt
leave – left – left
lend – lent – lent
let – let – let
lie – lay – lain
light – lit – lit
lose – lost – lost

Section- I

Pre-reading Activity:
Have you ever given thought to why people commit suicide? Give it a thought now and list possible reasons here: What is your view of the people who commit suicide?
Focussing Questions: In this unit you will read a story dealing with a case of attempting suicide. As you read story the focusing questions you will bear in mind are:
(i) Why didn’t the girl want to live?
(ii) It is a justifiable reason for committing suicide?

The Writer:
R.K. Narayan who passed away on 13th May 2001 at the age of 94 is undoubtedly one of the greatest Indian writers in English having to credit a number of novels, volumes of short stories, travelogues, eclogues, retold legends and an autobiography. “Swamy and Friends”‘The Bachelor of Arts”, ‘The English Teacher”. Mr. Sampath, ‘The Guide”, “The Vendor of Sweets”, “Waiting for Mahatma”, “The Man-eater of Malgudi”, “A Tiger of Malgudi: are some of the important novels.

“An Astrologist Day and Other Stories”, “Lawly Road and Other Stories”, include his best known stories “MyDateless Dinner” is a travelogue and‘My Days” is the writer’s autobiography. Having an intimate knowledge of Indian life and society be set with orthodoxy and superstition, he becomes India’s great story teller, an astute observer of Indian psyche growing through the pre as well as post-independence times. His characters, mostly belonging to lower middle class and poorer sections, exhibit an uncanny sense of fear in their actions and behaviour the fear and uncertainty teeming out foreign domination and servile attitude of the people who suffer sometimes they are the victims of social evils and a corrupt order of which his writing are a humours and satiric exposition. Irony at time lapses into cynicism in his writings. Narayan will five for ever for his beautiful imaginary town ofMalgudi faithfully representing Indian ethos, milieu and sensibility.

The Story:
The story extracted from “Malgudi Days” enacts an incident of a late evening on attend bound which ultimately brings into focus a contrast between characters- a girl and a watchman. The girl is ambitious, believes in self-reliance and detests being a liability or living on charity. 1 don’t live on anybody’s charity” she says. To the watchman’s suggestion of accepting marriage she hysterically reacts. “No no … I don’t want to marry. I want to study. “But a deeper look into her character reveals that her cowardly thought of suicides is not in harmony with the bold statements she makes before the watchman like most of Narayan’s characters, she being poor suffers from a fear of uncertainty. She lacks a strong willpower to arrange watchman demonstrates a great understanding of man’s predicament and enduracne to encounter boldly the unslaughts of misfortune. The story ends with a note of ambiguity and uncertainty as regards the identity of the women. With its element of irony understanding of cynicism the story is typical Narayan’s fictional writing.

Gist:
Paragraphs (1-2)
There was still a faint splash of red on the western horizon. The watchman stood on the tank bund and took a final survey. All the people who had come for evening walks had returned to their homes not a soul anywhere – except that obstinate angler, at the northern and who set with his feet in water, sadly gazing on his rod. It was no use bothering about him, he would sit there still midnight, hoping for a catch.
The Taluk office struck nine. The watchman was satisfied that no trespassing cattle had sneaked in though the wire fencing. As he turned to go he saw about a hundred yards away a shadow figure moving down the narrow stone steps that led to the water’s edge. He thought for a second that it might be a ghost. He dismissed the idea and went up to investigate if it was anyone who came to bath at this hour. He observed that it was a woman’s form. She stopped over the 1st step and placed something on it – possibly a letter. She then stopped into knee deep water and stood there; hands pressed together in prayer.

Gist:
Paragraphs (3-6)
He shouted for coming. He raced down the steps and picked up the letter. He hurriedly lit the lamp and the light fell upon the other’s face. It was a young girl’s wet with tears. He told her to be seated. He sat down on the last step between her and the water and placed the lantern on the step, took out a piece of tobacco and put it in his month. She began to sob. He asked why she did not go home. She said that she had no home in the world. The watchman enquired how she grew up without a home. She lost her mother when she was only five. She grew under the i care of her stepmother. He said that he was sixty – five and asked whether her step mother troubled her. She replied in negative she was well looked after. He told her to leave as it was late but she retorted that she had not home to go to. But she went to saying why she should go to become a burden to her again. She never to live on anybody’s charity.

Gist:
Paragraphs (7-9)
He suggested her waiting till her mother was able to find her a husband. She glared at him in the dark. But she did not with to go that either, she wanted to study and became a doctor and earn her livelihood. She never wanted to marry. She often catch mother talking for into the right to her eldest son, worrying about her future and about her marriage. She knew that they could not afford to keep her in college very long because it was very expensive. It cost twenty rupees. The watchman exclaimed “twenty rupees”. Because it was his monthly salary, she thought she would get a scholarship. But it was announced that evening that another not she was entitled to be given scholarship. She broke down as her name was not there. The watchman looked at her in surprise. He understood very little of all the situation. She was unhappy as someone was coming to see her the next day. She said again the she did not wish to many, she wished to study.

Analytical Outlines:

• There was still a faint splash of red on the western horizon.
• The watchman stood on the tank bund.
• He took a final survey.
• The people were in evening walk.
• They all had returned to their homes.
• The obstinate angler was at the northern end.
• He sat with his feet in water.
• He was sadly gazing at his rod.
• It was no use bothering about him.
• He would sit there still midnight.
• He hoped for a catch.
• The Taluk office struck nine.
• The wet man was satisfied.
• No trespassing cattle had sneaked in thought the wire fencing.
• He returned to go.
• He saw a shadowy figure.
• It was moving down the narrow stone steps.
• It led to the water’s edge.
• It was about a hundred yards away.
• He thought for a second.
• It might be a ghost.
• He dismissed the idea.
• He went up to investigate.
• It was anyone who came to bath at this hour.
• He observed that it was a woman’s form.
• She stopped over the last step.
• He placed something on it.
• It was possibly a letter.
• She then stopped into knee deep water.
• She stood there.
• Her hands pressed together in prayer.
• He shouted for coming.
• He raced down the steps.
• He picked up the letter.
• He hurriedly lit the lamp.
• The light fell upon the other’s face.
• It was a young girl’s wet with tears.
• He told her to be seated.
• He sat down on the last step.
• It was between her and the water.
• He placed the lantern on the step.
• He took out a piece of tobacco.
• He put it on his mouth.
• She began to sob.
• He asked why she did not go home.
• She said that she had no home in the world.
• He enquired how she grew up without a home.
• She lost her mother.
• She was at the age of five then.
• She grew under the care of her step mother.
• He said that he was sixty-five.
• He asked whether her stepmother troubled her.
• She replied negatively.
• She was well looked after.
• He told her to leave.
• Because, it was late.
• But she retorted.
• She had no home to go to.
• But she said why she should go to.
• She did not want to be a burden to her again.
• She never liked to live on anybody’s charity
• He suggested her to wait.
• Till her mother was able to find her a husband.
• She glanced at him in the dark.
• But she did not wish to do that either.
• She wanted to study.
• She wanted to become a doctor.
• So that she would earn her livelihood.
• She never wanted to marry.
• She often catch her mother.
• She talked to her eldest son in night.
• She worried about her future.
• She also worried about her marriage.
• She knew that they could not afford to keep her in college very long.
• Because it was very expensive.
• It costs twenty rupees.
• The watchman exclaimed, ‘Twenty rupees”!
• Because, it was his month’s salary.
• She thought she would get a scholarship.
• But it was announced that evening.
• Another one was entitled to get it.
• So she was deprived of it.
• She broke down as her name was not there.
• The watchman looked at her in surprise.
• He understood very little of all the situation.
• She was unhappy.
• Because, someone was coming to see her next day.
• She said again that she did not want to marry.
• She wished to study.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

splash – small area of bright colour
trespassing – entering unauthorized
gruesome – horrible, ghastly
sputter – to speak indistinctly
hysterical – violently emotional
survey investigation
obstinate – stubborn, opinionated
bothering – brooding over, thinking
trespassing – entering without permission
sneaked in – secretly entered
gruesome – causing fear
gaze – look, discern
hurriedly – in a hurry, quickly
glared at – looked strongly and boldly at
exclaimed – surprised, wondered, astonished
comprehended- understood felly.

Section – II

Gist:
Paragraphs (11 – 12)
The silent night was stabbed by her sobbing and some night birds rustled the water and wavelets bear upon the shore. Seeing her suffer, he found his own sorrows in life came to his mind; how in those far-off times, in his little village, home an epidemic of cholera laid out his father and mother and brothers on the someday and he was the sole surviver. How he was turned out of his ancestral home through the trickery of his father kinsmen and he wandered as an orphan suffering hunger and privation. He said that everyone has his own miseries. If people tried to kill themselves for each one of them, he didn’t know how often they would have to drown. He remembered further incidents and his voice shook with sorrow. He remained silent and sob broke out of him as he said. He prayed to all the gods in the world for a son. His wife bore him eight children. Only one daughter lived, and none of the others saw the eleventh year. The girl looked at him with bewilderment.

Gist:
Paragraphs (13 – 14)
The Taluk gong struck again and he said that she had better get up and go back home. But she replied that she had no home. He felt irritated. He said that she should not be so obstinate and leave the place as soon as possible. The girl said that the watchman did not know her trouble. He picked up his lantern and staff and got up. He put her letter down where he found it. He warned her that she was becoming very obstinate. And he was leaving her there alone. He should not blame. He paused for a moment, looked at her and went up the steps, not a word passed between them again.

Gist:
Paragraph (15)
The moment he came back to duty next morning, he hurried down the stone steps. He picked up the letter and gazed on it, helplessly, wishing that it could tall him about the fete of the girl after he had left her. He tore it up and flung it on water. As he watched the bits float off on ripples, he blamed himself for leaving her and going away on the previous night. He said that he was responsible for at least one suicide in that rank. He could never look at the blue expense of water again with an easy. Even many months later he could not be certain that he remains if a body would not come up all of a sudden.

Gist:
Paragraph (16)
Years, later, one evening as he stood on the bund and took a final survey before going home, he saw a car drew up on the road below. Aman, woman and three children emerged from the care and climbed the bund. When they approached, the watchman felt a start at his heart, the figure and face woman seemed familiar to him. Though the woman was altered by years and ornaments and dress, be brought that he had then recognized the face he had once seen by the lantern light. He felt excited at his discovery. He had numerous questions to ask. He brought together his palms and saluted her respectfully. He expected she would stop and speak to him. But she merely threw at himan indifferent glance and passed on. He stood staring after her for a moment. Baffled, he said to himself that perhaps she was someone else and turned to go home resolving dismiss the whole episode from his mind.

Analytical Outlines:

• The silent night was stabbed by her sobbing.
• Some night birds rustled the water.
• Wavelets beat upon the shore.
• He saw her suffering.
• He found his own sorrows in life.
• It automatically came to his mind.
• It was the happening of that for off off times.
• His home was in a little village.
• An epidermic of cholera laid out his father.
• It also laid out his mother and brothers.
• All it happened on his same day.
• He was the sole survior.
• He was turned out of his ancestral home.
• It happened due to the trickery of his father’s kinsmen.
• He wandered as on orphan.
• He had to undergo suffering hunger and privation.
• He said that everyone has his own miseries.
• But people did not kill themselves for this.
• Rather they struggle for existence.
• He remembered further incidents.
• His voice shook with sorrow.
• He remained silent.
• A sob broke out of him.
• He prayed to all the gods in the world.
• He prayed for a son.
• His wife bore him eight children.
• Only lived one daughter.
• None of the others saw the eleventh year.
• The girl looked at him with bewilderment.
• The talking struck again.
• He said that she had better got up.
• She should go back home.
• But she replied that she had no home.
• He felt irritated.
• He said that she should not be so obstinate.
• He left the place immediately.
• The girls said that the watchman did not know her trouble.
• He picked up his later and got up.
• He put her letter down where he found it.
• He warned her that she was becoming very obstinate.
• He left her there alone.
• He should not be blamed.
• He paused for a moment.
• He looked at her.
• He went up the steps.
• Not a word passed between them again.
• Next morning, he came back to his duty.
• He hurried down the stone steps.
• He picked up the letter and gazed on it.
• He helplessly wished something.
• It could tell him about her fete.
• He tore it up.
• He flung it on water.
• He watched the bits float offon ripples.
• He blamed himself for leaving her.
• He went away in that previous night.
• He said that he was responsible for at least one suicide.
• He could never look at the blue expanse of water again with an easy mind.
• Even many months later, he could not be certain.
• The remains of a body would not come up all of a sudden.
• Years later one evening, he stood on the bund.
• He took a final survey before going home.
• He saw a car draw up on the road below.
• Aman, woman and three children emerged from the car.
• They climbed the bund.
• They approached towards the watchman.
• The face of the woman seemed familiar to him.
• The woman was altered by years ornaments and dress.
• Still then he recognised her face.
• He had once seem that face by the lantern light.
• He felt excited at this discovery.
• He had a lot of questions to ask.
• He saluted her respectfully.
• He expected she would stop and speak to him.
• But she only threw at him an indifferent glance.
• Then she passed on.
• He stood staring after her for a moment.
• He baffled and said that perhaps she was someone else.
• She turned to go home.
• So, she resolved to dismiss whole episode from his mind.

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

rustle – to produce a soft whispering sound (as of dry leaves) by stirring.
wavelets – small waves, ripples.
privation – state of being deprived of something, especially of what is necessary for comfort.
staff – a stick carried in the hand as a support.
sobbing – weeping, lamenting with tears in eyes.
wandered – travelled, roamed, moved about
expanse – a vast stretch of
emerged from – came out of, emanated
numerous – innumerable, a number of
muttered – made indistinct sound
episode – chapter

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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Approaches to English Book 1 Solutions Unit 4 Text A: The Year 2050-Reflections of a Futurist Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

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The Year 2050-Reflections of a Futurist Class 12 Questions and Answers

Activity-1

Vocabulary:
Choose the word from the passage, which more or less mean the following. The paragraph numbers have been given in brackets.
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area (5).
(ii) long existence (5)
(iii) to be flooded with something (6)
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing (9)
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way (17)
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean (20)

Answer:
(i) One who studies changes in population in an area – demographer.
(ii) long existence – longevity
(iii) to be flooded with something – inundating
(iv) the things that develop from a particular thing-evolve
(v) natural potency to behave in a particular way-genetics
(vi) the act of controlling or influencing somebody or something by clever or unfair mean – manipulation

Activity-2

Facts And Opinions:
Some facts as well as some opinions to the writer have been presented in the essay. Put the facts and opinions in different columns below:

Facts	Opinion
New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90.	More than 50% of people who were born in 1960 will be alive by 2050

Answer:

Facts	Opinion
New 18% of Americans reach the age of 90	(i) more than 50% of people who were born
Stroke deaths and rheumatic heart disease will reduce by 20% and 50%	(ii) Deaths from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension heart diseases will reduce by hypertension, and heart stroke will reduce considerably.

Activity – 3

Remedial Grammar:
Fill in each with the appropriate verb phrase from the following list.
must have          let might have been      wouldn’t be
won’t be             would happen               mustn’t have rung

(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this _________ sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she _________ they say. But she _________ out of hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman _________ it.
Moti: Well, he _________ it outside. Someone _________ it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You _________ out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he _________ the bell.

Answer:
(a) Sunita: Do you know a girl of Standard V was knocked down by a town bus in front of our school gate this afternoon?
Binita: Oh no! I always said this would happen sooner or later.
Sunita: She is badly injured but she will live they say. But she won’t be out of the hospital of a few weeks.
(b) Gopi: There is a letter on the floor outside the door. The postman must have left it.
Moti: Well, he shouldn’t have left it outside. Someone might have taken it. Why didn’t he ring the bell?
Gopi: he always rings the bell. You might have been out when he came.
Moti: I haven’t been out. So he mustn’t have run the bell.

Extra Activity – 3(A)
Make sentences with the following expression from Text A (in sentences of your own). Don’t copy out exact sentences from the text.

Remarkable	Inexhaustible
Survive	Unending
Spectacular	Solar
Availability	Progeny
Antibiotics	Argument
Span	Measure
Longevity	Orbit
Varieties	Contamination
Non-depletable	Cosmos, Spawn

Answer:
Remarkable — Invention of the computer is a remarkable achievement of modern science.
Survive — We cannot survive without oxygen.
Spectacular — Your performance is really spectacular.
Availability — You will be given arrears only in the availability of funds.
Antibiotics — Antibiotics are administered in the treatment of many kinds of diseases.
Span — He lived a long span of 120 years
Longevity — Man doesn’t live only by longevity of years.
Varieties — This dish is made from varieties of ingredients.
Non-depletable — The ozone layer is not non-depletable
Inexhaustible — He continues working still as if his energy were inexhaustible.
Unending — Money is not an unending flow.
Solar — Today many types of work are conducted by using solar power.
Progeny — On need not give birth to numerous progeny in the days of population explosion.
Argument — He argues his income by earning from myriads of sources.
Measure — Can you measure his temperature?
Orbit — Every planet has its own orbit.
Contamination — Contamination of water is a great offense.
Cosmos — One should keep the cosmos pure at any cost.
Spawn — Reptiles usually spawn eggs.

Extra Activity – 3(B)
1. (i) Derive Adjectives from the following nouns.

Bride	charity
electricity	episode
bureaucrat	friend
Minister	authenticity
inclusion	legend

Answer:

Nouns	Adjectives
Bride	brides
episode	episodic
bureaucrat	bureaucratic
inclusion	inclusive
authenticity	authentic
charity	chaste
electricity	electric
Minister	ministerial
friend	friendly
legend	legendary

(ii) Give antonyms of the following:

right	short
seriously	lull
auspicious	above
special	down
senior	strong
alive	transparent
nearness	resistible
include	logical
ascend	legal
persuade	personal

Answer:

Words	Antonyms
right	Wrong
seriously	lightly
auspicious	inauspicious
special	ordinary
senior	Junior
alive	dead
nearness	remoteness /distance
include	exclude
ascend	descend
persuade	dissuade
short	long
full	empty
above	below
down	up
strong	weak
transparent	opaque
resistible	irresistible
logical	illogical
legal	illegal
personal	impersonal

(iii) Substitute the following expressions with one word each:
(a) strong dislike
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow.
(c) to say that something is very bad.
(d) to show pity.
(e) likely to bring good luck.

Answer:
(a) strong dislike – disgust
(b) sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow – condolence
(c) to say that something is very bad – rubbish
(d) to show pity-relent
(e) likely to bring good luck – auspicious

(iv) The following words are wrongly spelled. Rewrite them correctly.

burocrat	protected
condolence	sholder
cooperative	dinastic
Goodby	vegetarian
gimiks	colloqual

Answer:

Word	Correct Form
burocrat condolence cooperative good by gimiks protected sholder dynastic vegetarian colloquial	Bureaucracts condolence co-operative good bye gimmicks protracted shoulders dynastic vegetarian cotloquial

Section-A

How will you look after 50 years?
What will be the major changes in the world by that time?
Think of the possible changes in the fields of agriculture medicine and transport. List out three of the possible changes.
(i) _____________________________
(ii) ____________________________
(iii) ___________________________

The Year 2050-Reflection Of A Futurist Summary in English

Summary:

A remarkable feature of 2050 will be that most of the 1960 babies will still be alive because of a biomedical revolution that is underway. Death rules of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably. This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics, better health care, attention to diet, jogging, and exercise the effects in the United States are clear-cut and lasting. But increased longevity and improve health are like to have several drawbacks:

• world population will be larger than it might have been
• low birth rate and increased longevity combine to raise the average age of the population
• A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.

However, there is a really good chance that a huge increase in food production can come from such development as:

• new plant varieties, obtained through genetic engineering which are photosynthetically efficient use less water and tend to be self-fertilizing,
• improved uses of the ocean, including the domestication of seeing animals aquaculture and
• tropical agriculture which will open to the world many billions of acres of land currently unusable.

Before nondepletable alternatives and commercially developed, new synthetic fuel industries for the conversion of coal into gaseous and liquid fuels and the extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale are likely to arise. Solar, geothermal, wind power, and fusion are electric-producing items. By the year 2050, we should be well along toward utilizing two virtually inexhaustible energy resources; solar electric power and nuclear power resources between now and 2050. They are (i) electronics, genetics, and psychology.

By the early in century machines will be available that perform better than human beings. In fact, genetics is a science about to become a technology. This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants and animals to perform human functions. In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants that have improved photosynthetic efficiency, minimum water requirements, self-fertilizing characteristics, and a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities. In mining, organisms will metabolize desired ones tells and thus concertable them for later ‘harvesting’.

In the production of pharmaceuticals, microorganisms will be used as factory workers to produce chemicals normally found only in natural body and plant processes. Finally, in medicine, scientists will intervene in the process by which genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Tay Sachs disease and mongolism are passed from parents to their progeny to cure these diseases before conception. They will also address other diseases such as cancer or heart disease and even aging itself.  Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off. The ‘trigger’ discovery will help us know how memory is recorded and retrieved.

It is not clear till now whether memory is chemical, electrical, or physical knowledge of sharing and retrieving of memory will improve education, persuasion, rehabilitation, personality development, and knowledge itself and open the huge and exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity closer to the limits of human potential. Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply and predict harvest size and crop diseases. Many things can be controlled from the orbit. The boom – babies will face significant challenges in the years ahead.

Analytical Outlines:

• Most of the 1960 babies will still be alive in 2050.
• 2050 will be remarkable for a biomedical revolution.
• Death rates of different life-killing diseases have dropped considerably.
• This has become possible due to the availability of antibiotics.
• It will be possible to better health care.
• It will be possible to taking attention to diet.
• It will be possible due to jogging.
• It will be possible due to exercise.
• It will entirely affect the United States.
• But increased longevity has several dements.
• Improved health has also some demerits.
• The world population will be much longer.

• Low – birth rate will raise the average age ofthe population.
• Increased longevity will also help to raise it.
• A period of difficult social adjustment will be likely.
• This increase in population will develop something.
• It will develop a huge increase in food production.
• It will increase new plant varieties.
• These varieties will be obtained through genetic engineering.
• They are photosynthetically efficient.
• They will use less water.
• They will tend to be self-fertilizing.
• Improved uses of the ocean will take place.
• It will include the domestication of seeing animals in aquaculture.
• It will be possible for tropical agriculture.
• It will utilize billions of acres of unused land in agriculture.
• It will commercially develop non-depletable alternatives.
• New synthetic fuel industries will be there.
• It will convert coal to gases.
• It will also convert coal to liquid fuel.
• The extraction of petroleum of liquids from oil shale is likely to rise.
• There will be various electric-producing items.
• The use of solar power will be there.
• Geothermal use will be there.
• The use of wind power will be there.
• The use of fusion will also be there.
• By 2050 are will be using two virtually exhaustible energy resources.
• One is solar electric power.
• Another is nuclear fusion.
• These are, actually, highly expensive.
• The author also predicts three more power resources.
• One is electronics.
• The other is genetics.
• The other one is psychology.
• There will be the use of machines.
• They will perform better than human beings.
• In feet, genetics is a science about technology.
• This technology will lead to the ability to ‘design’ plants.
• It will also design animals to perform human functions.
• In agriculture, scientists will be able to produce plants.
• It has improved photosynthetic efficiency.
• It has improved minimum water requirements.
• It has improved self-fertilizing characteristics.
• It has developed a desired spectrum of nutrient qualities.
• In mining, organisms will metabolize desired metals.
• It will convertible them for later ‘harvesting’

• We can find changes in the production of pharmaceuticals.
• Here, microorganisms will be used as natural bodies.
• It will be also used in plant processes.
• Finally, scientists will intervene in medicine.
• They will try to cure some genetic diseases.
• One such disease is sickle cell anemia.
• Another is Tay Sachs disease.
• Other such one is mongolism.
• These diseases are passed from parents to their progeny.
• They will try to cure these diseases before conception.
• They will also address other diseases.
• One such disease is cancer.
• Other one is heart disease.
• Of course, Psychology by 2050 will be ready to take off.
• We will have the‘trigger’discovery.
• It will help us to know how memory is recorded and retrieved.
• It is not clear still now whether memory is chemical.
• Or it is electrical.
• The physical knowledge of storing and retrieving of memory will improve education.
• It will improve persuasion.
• It will improve rehabilitation.
• It will improve personality development.
• It will improve knowledge itself

• It will open the huge exciting possibility of expanding mental capacity.
• It will be closer to the limits of human potential.
• Perhaps by 2050, observers in the orbital city cloud follow the world food supply.
• It will predict harvest size.
• It will predict crop disease.
• Many things can be controlled from the orbit.
• The boom-babies will free significant changes in the years ahead.

Meanings Of Difficult Words:

nascent – just beginning and expected to become stronger and bigger.
arable – land suitable for growing crops.
augment – to grow longer, to increase the value or effectiveness of something.
Luddites – those who are strongly opposed to using modem machines and methods.
spawned – laid eggs (fish, frog, salmon, etc).
spectacular – very important, showy, eye-catching.
cardiovascular diseases – diseases of the heart.
hypertensive rheumatic – disease relating to tension and blood pressure.
heart disease – heart disease giving too much pain.
antibodies – medicine administered against micro-bacteria and other living organisms causing disease in human bodies.
optimistic – a hopeful inclination.
drawbacks – demerits, weaknesses, faults, etc.
longevity – living a very long span of life.
computed – calculated, reckoned, estimated.

aquaculture – water culture, treatment of water.
non-depletabIe – that which cannot be depleted or exhausted
solar – of the sun, the power coming from the sun.
geothermal – ‘geo’ means earth and thermal means heat. Hence, the energy emanates from the heat emitted from the earth.
progeny – the successor of a kind of parentage.
human potential – energy of human beings.
contamination – defiling or pocketing something.
accomplish – to attain, to gain, to have
perspective – a bright and hopeful future
cosmos – universe
decade – a period of ten years
exploration – discovery, finding something from a search.
illustrate – to explain, exemplify
utility – vainness, something without results.
infuse – mix, bind, amalgamate
stagger – move unsteadily due to heavy load overhead.

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Of a Questionable Conviction Class 12 Questions and Answers

Pre-Reading activity:
Have you ever written poems? If so, what was your purpose in writing them? Why does a poet write poems?To persuade the readers into his own beliefs? Is it always possible to know if the poet is sincerely expressing his conviction in his poems? The poem you are going to read has
the title of a questionable conviction. Can you guess what the poem is about? Now read the poem and find out.

Notes On The Poet:
Jayanta Mahapatra from(1928) is foremost among the Indian English poets. His poetry expresses an ‘unhealable rift” a profound sense of loss. A tireless experimenter, Mahapatra’s poetic idiom is subtle and suggestive. His well known poetry collection are “Close the Sky”, Ten by Ten (1971), ‘A Rain Rated (1976). ‘A Father’s Hours’ (1976) and Relationship (1980) and ‘Burden of waves and Fruit’ (1986). ‘Ofa Questionable Conviction’ addresses the issue of how important convictions are to the writing of a poem.

Questions For Discussion:

Question 1.
Why does the poet think the man who talks of pain invented it himself?
Answer:
The poet thinks that he man who talks of pain invented it himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 2.
What is the main idea in Stanza 1?
Answer:
The main idea in Stanza 1 is that it is perhaps he who has invented pain himself because he has made virtue out of it.

Question 3.
What, according to the poet ‘his excuse to live’?
Answer:
Waiting for hours in the night towards another night is, according to the poet, his excuse.

Question 4.
Can the walls be lonely? Why does the poet use this expression?
Answer:
Walls, in poetry, can be lonely. The poet makes use of this expression to bring about a kind of personification in the poem.

Question 5.
“For months together the window has been deceiving him”. What could the poet mean by these lines?
Answer:
The window has been deceiving him for months together, because light has been simply coming in and going out. He has not been able to polish and heart by means of the light.

Question 6.
The poet described in he poem ‘has been trying to polish the light on his heart? How?
Answer:
The light on his heart is poor and the poet is not able to polish his heart by means of the light that enters and exits through the window.

Question 7.
You can easily see that in the first three stanza only the present tense forms are used. In the final stanza, however, past tense forms are used. Why is this shift in the concluding stanza?
Answer:
The use of present perfect progressive in the third stanza makes it rather explicit that the action started some times in the past and it continues into the present. Hence, it has a past reference. The past tense from in the concluding stanza tell that the poet has been doing that from the past till the present.

Question 8.
Would you consider the ending of the poem satisfactory? Explain your point of view.
Answer:
The ending of the poem is satisfactory because writing poem beside a lonely wall does not harm anybody.

Question 9.
What can you say about the tone of the poem?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is pain and simple.

Question 10.
What do you mean by –
(i) “The empty window in his lonely wall” (stanza 2)
(ii) “The eyes saw the pain in the mirror” (stanza 4)
(iii) “They did not grudge him that.” (stanza 4)
Answer:
(i) The only well without window doors.
(ii) The poet’s eyes saw the pain in the mirror.
(in) The people did not give or allow anything unwillingly.

Of a Questionable Conviction Summary in English

This is a man who talks of pain as though it belonged to him alone. Perhaps he has invented it himself and made virtue of it. And this man may be a poet. He waits in the night for hours. He keeps waiting for another night because, that is his excuse to live. The empty window in his lonely wall belongs to him alone. The window has been deceiving him for months together. Light comes in and goes out of its own without any hindrance. He has been trying to polish the light on his heart. Everybody says that he is a poet. His eyes witnessed the pain in the mirror which reflected his image. They did not grudge him that such a harmless pastime never ruined anybody’s sleep.

Analytical Outlines:

• The poet talks about a man.
• That man talks of pain.
• The pain belongs to him along.
• Perhaps, he has invented it himself.
• He makes virtue of it.
• That man may be a poet.
• He waits in the night for hours.
• He keeps waiting for another night.
• Because that is his excuse to live.
• It is the empty window in his lonely wall.
• It belongs to him alone.
• The window has been deceiving him.
• It has been deceiving him for months together.
• Light comes in.
• Light goes out of its own.
• It is without any hindrance.
• He has been trying to polish the light.
• He will polish it in his heart.
• Everybody says that he is a poet.
• His eyes witnessed the pain.
• It witnessed it in the mirror.
• The mirror reflected his image.
• They did not grudge him.
• It is a harmless pastime.
• It never ruined anybody’s sleep

Meaning Of Difficult Words:

conviction – a strong belief or opinion.
virtue – good quality
deceiving – misleading, cheating, betraying
hindrance- obstacle, impediment, obstruction
polish- to refine, to make or become smooth and shining.
witness- to see, to give evidence
image- a statue, an idol, an idea, a reflection
reflect- to express, to throw or come back
grudge- give or allow something very unwillingly
pastime- an enjoyable or interesting activity

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