CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Description Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Description

Description

Descriptions are of two types: factual (or realistic) and impressionistic. For a factual or realistic description, you will have to go looking for descriptions of objects or processes. An impressionistic description, on the other hand, maybe factual in places but it is chiefly concerned with recording the impression produced by the describer of a person, place or object. Above all, there is the description of a person.
Some common words used to describe a person
Words that go with hair: long, wavy, curly, brown, dark
eyes : pale, blue, black, flashing
nose : long, high, fleshy
lips : full, thin
shoulder : broad, drooping
age : mid-thirties
voice : commanding
Important points in connection with the description of the person :
A person’s height (tall/short), lean or fat, age, physical appearance, the shape of the face with its prominent features* eyes (bright/dull/dark), hair, forehead, dress and nature.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 5

Can you replace them with more favourable descriptions

Read passage C again. Note that there are some points of description which are not very favourable to the person being described. Can you replace them with more favourable descriptions? Reorganise the passage, starting with the sentence: “She was fair and her face was round.”
Answer:
She was fair and her face was round. The prominent feature of her face was its sparkle. She was tall and full of youth. She was lean. She had thick hair and her forehead was not that broad. Her nose was long and her cheeks chubby. She was elegantly dressed. She was brimming with confidence.

Activity 6

You met the people in the picture at a party. Describe them to your friend in a letter. (Have a close look at the picture first.)

You met the people in the picture at a party. Describe them to your friend in a letter

Answer:

Satyanagar, Plot No. 121
1st January 20

Dear Sarika,
Yesterday evening I had been to a great party. There was plenty to eat, and numerous games to play but the highlight of it all was the music and dance with which the party closed. Besides the music, we had a dance competition in which the best couple was chosen. The dance went on for an hour. Mr and Mrs Das were adjudged the best couple. They were a perfect match for each other. Mr Das was dressed in a black suit, white shirt and a black bow. He was tall, dark and handsome and he held himself elegantly as he held his wife.

His jet black hair, thick moustache and long sharp nose showed forth a man of character. Mrs Das just a shade shorter than her husband was a cute-looking lady. Her hair was tied in a chignon, her eyebrows were shaped like thin orange pieces. She too had a sharp nose, and a face as clear as glass. She was fair, slim and tall. She sported a short sleeveless gown and a plain slip-on. She also held a dupatta in her hand. She looked really chick and beautiful. They deserved the prize. Well, the party was over at around 4.00 a.m. in the morning. I really enjoyed the party even though it was exhausting.

Please write back.
Yours sincerely,
Rita.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 7

Describe the person in the picture below as interestingly as you can.
Answer:
He wore a long full-sleeved magenta gown and long loose magenta trousers to go along with it. The gown opened onto a large star-shaped neck which was shining black with confetti pasted onto it. His face he had put on a mask with his face farded with cosmetic paint. He had a huge bulbous nose painted in red, large lips painted again in red. He wore no shoes but grey socks which looked extremely funny. In his hand, he held a conical hat which had feathers on its top.

Activity 8

Here is a short dialogue between two friends. They are talking about a mutual friend whose name is Prabhakar. Read the dialogue carefully and write a short description of Prabhakar.
Asaf : You remember Prabhakar? He has become a doctor. He is doing very well, in fact.
Krishna : Prabhakar? The name is familiar, but I don’t remember who you are talking about. What did he look like?
Asaf : He was that short chap with a shining pink face. Always dressed in white. He had long hair, like a girl’s. We used to call him Prabhavati, and how he used to blush then!
Answer:
Prabhakar is a short chap with a shining pink face. He sported long hair like a girl and was always clad in white.

Activity 9

(a) A stranger visited your house during your father’s absence. You received him and talked to him. When your father returned, he wanted to know if any visitor had come while he was away. Describe the visitor to your father so that he can know who you are referring to.
(b) Your mother is looking for a bride for your elder brother. You have seen a girl who, in your opinion, will be ideal for your brother. Describe her to your mother.
Answer:
(a) Dad, this man was around six feet high and darkly complexioned. He had peculiar hairstyle which was parted right in the middle like a girl’s. He also wore ear¬rings in both ears and four stone rings of different colours on his right hand. Two of his toes on the right also had rings in them. He was carrying a shoulder bag and putting on a white dhoti as well as white kameez. There was a long tilak on his forehead. He spoke in the Sambalpuri dialect and he is perhaps in his thirties. I hope you recognise him.

(b) She is very fair and has eyes shaped like petals of a rose, eyes-lashes thin and long like leaves of the touch-me-not. Her hair is thick and black, falling down even below the knees. Her face is spotlessly clean and has a soft look. She is twenty-four but looks like she is in her teens. There is a black birthmark on her chin which adds to the beauty of her face. Her sharp nose and jaw looked as if it was sculpted like a Grecian statue. Her height is about five-feet and she is slim. On the whole, she looked like a model.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 10

Here is a picture of a rhinoceros. Write a short description of the animal for a friend who has not seen a rhinoceros.

Here is a picture of a rhinoceros. Write a short description of the animal for a friend who has not seen a rhinoceros.
Answer:
The very look of it is ferocious. It is a huge mammal, 4 feet high and perhaps 5 feet long, that is bigger than a cow and smaller than an adult elephant. Just like a cow, it has a long face with the snout protruding forward, underneath which is a large mouth. The lower jaw looks like a concave plateau. Its most remarkable features are two 1 horns protruding right out from the snout. Moreover, it has three toes on each of its legs. Its skin is so thick that they look like shielding pad. Besides this, it has a short tail. It is found mostly in Asia and Africa and it is a herbivore.

Activity 11

Here is the description of a particular dog. All the details are present, but not in order. Rewrite the description. Begin with the general appearance and size, then describe the features of the animal, which you find most striking.
(a) He has huge paws, with joined fingers and retractable claws.
(b) Achilles isn’t an ordinary dog.
(c) But the most incredible characteristic is his face, which looks sad and solemn.
(d) Firstly, he is larger than any dog I have ever seen, and he is more like a wolf.
(e) It seems as if he can almost speak if he is given the chance.
Answer:
Achilles isn’t an ordinary dog. He is larger than any normal dog and looks more like a wolf. He has huge paws, with jointed fingers and retractable claws. But the most incredible characteristic is his face, which looks solemn and sad. It seems as if he can speak, if he is given a chance.

Activity 12

Write short descriptions of the following animals. A few questions are given to help you organise your descriptions.

(a) A giraffe How tall is it? What makes it look so tall? Where is it found? What does it eat and how? How does it fight other giraffes and enemies? What kind of sound does it make?
(b) A tiger Where is it found? How tall/long/heavy is it? What is its colour? What is its food? What are man-eaters? How long does a tiger live (life span)? How do tiger cubs look?

Answer:
(a) A giraffe :
Excepting the now extinct Dinosaurs, the giraffe is the tallest mammal found originally on the African continent. Its most characteristic feature is its long neck that protrudes out angularly from its body and is usually about 4 feet to 6 feet long. Besides, just like the leopard, it has black spots spread all over its body which is white-skinned. It is due to this that it was formerly called a came lopard. The giraffe is herbivorous and lives on the leaves of plants which it can easily reach due to its height. It has a very long stride and therefore it is difficult for any preying animal to catch it.

(b) A tiger :
The tiger is a savage and cruel animal. We say, “As cruel as a tiger”. It is really a great cat. It is a large, strong, and fine-looking animal. Its hair is yellow, marked with black stripes. It is shaped like a cat, with a long tail, round head, and thickly padded feet. It has sharp claws and strong teeth. The tiger is an Indian animal. There are many in the jungles of Bengal. Like cats, tigers hunt at night. They kill big animals, like deer, cows, sheep and goats. They attack men, too. Some become “man-eaters”. They like men’s flesh best to eat. Tigers are feared by farmers. They come at night to steal their sheep and cows. Its average lifespan is 17 years and its cubs look like domestic cats with shining black eyes.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 13

Rewrite passage (c), using your own words as far as possible. Divide your description into two paragraphs.

A telephone comes with a bell which can ring, a microphone which converts human speech into electrical signals, an earphone which converts incoming electrical signals back into speech, and a dial which is used to send electrical pulses along the line to an automatic exchange.
Answer:
When we want to make a call, we must lift the handset and then dial the number we want to call. Immediately after we dial the number an automatic selector connects us to an outgoing junction cable that is linked to the exchange we want. A ringing bell indicates the fact that a telephone has come. Then the operation starts. The exchange first connects our phone to automatic selector equipment which in turn connects us to an outgoing cable linked to the exchange that is connected to the number we rang. Finally, this exchange connects us to the phone we are interested in.

Activity 14

Add a short paragraph to passage (d). The hints below will help you in writing the paragraph.

Butter is a rich food made from the cream of milk. It is usually eaten as a spread on bread, but cooks may use butter for frying and making cakes and pastries. Butter contains about 80 per cent fat, the remainder being water, salt and protein. Butter is made from cream, by churning the cream so that the fat [ is separated out. For many centuries, farmers have made butter from cream by churning it by hand in a wooden vat. Nowadays, however, butter is made by machines. First, the milk is whirled in a centrifuge to separate the cream. The l cream is then pasteurised by heating it and then cooling it quickly. This action kills germs in the cream and prevents the butter from going rancid quickly. The pasteurised cream is then churned in huge revolving drums, which separate fat from the liquid in the cream. When the liquid, called the buttermilk, is ‘ drained away, the resulting mass of butter is then cut into pieces and packed.
Hints : How does butter feel when you touch it? Is it tasty to eat? / Is it expensive? j How is butter used in India? etc.
Answer:
Butter is hard but smooth to the touch because it is kept mostly in the refrigerator. Of course, it is tasty but expensive. A mere hundred grams cost thirteen rupees. It is mostly used in cakes and as a spread on bread sandwiches. Sometimes it is used to fry almonds and cashew nuts. However, its use is limited and common people seldom buy it.

Activity 15

Here is a conversation in which an uncle describes a saw to his nephew. Read through the conversation and write a paragraph describing a saw.

Boy : What is a saw, uncle?
Uncle: It’s something we use to cut a piece of wood into two.
Boy : You mean it’s a sort of axe, uncle?
Uncle: No, not an axe, This one has a thinner blade and a short ring-like handle of wood.
Boy : Oh, I know what it is. It’s like a sword.
Uncle: Not really. A saw has one edge sharp. The other edge does not cut.
Boy : Like a big knife?
Uncle: Partly, but the sharp edge does not cut like a knife. There are teeth on the sharp edge. When you press the blade against the wood and move it forward and backwards, like the bow of a violin, the wood gets cut along that line. There are big saws, too, which two people hold at either end to make cuts along the whole length of a log.
Answer:
A saw is an instrument made of either iron or steel with curved teeth on one side or both. The blade of a saw is thin but strong. There is a ring-like wooden handle fitted to one end of the instrument held during sawing wood or wood planks. When it is pressed against the wood, the wood gets cut along that line. Nowadays, the saw has developed a lot from its crude form to a sophisticated one.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 16

Write a short description of the following objects :
(a) A football
Hints:
(i) Size, shape and colour
(ii) Is it smooth, rough or soft to the touch? Is it hard? Is it light or heavy?
(iii) How does it smell?
(iv) Does it bounce? How high?

(b) A ripe mango
Hints:
(i) Size, shape, colour and smell –
(ii) How does it feel to the touch?
(iii) What happens when you press it hard?
(iv) How does it taste?

(c) A pressure cooker
Hints:
(i) What is it? (Definition)
(ii) What does it look like? (parts, size, make, etc.)

Answer:
(a) A football :
A football is a spherical object made of hexagonal leather pieces of alternately white and black colour or plain grey. It has a bladder inside which is inflated by air to give it a round shape. The leather is smooth and soft in the evening but gradually becomes rough because of wear and tear as a result of frequent use. It is light when inflated and bounces up to a height of 15 feet to 20 feet depending on how much it has inflated and how hard it is hit.

(b) A ripe mango :
It is a tropical fruit which consists of a hard kernel, a central core around which is a fleshy pulp. It is yellowish-red in colour and in ovalish in shape. The mango smells sweet and is soft and smooth to the touch; when pressed hard the outer pulp along with the juice comes out. It has a very sweet taste to it.

(c) A pressure cooker :
A pressure cooker is a vessel in which food is cooked in steam under pressure. It consists of a very strong vessel, made of aluminium alloy with a lid that fits tightly on the top. The lid can be sealed onto the vessel by means of a rubber ring. At the centre of the lid, there is a vent or hole through which steam can escape. The food to be cooked is placed in a smaller vessel inside the cooker and a little water is poured into the outer vessel.

Water boils in the vessel and steam begins to escape through the vent. Then we stop the steam by placing a weight on the vent. Steam pressure inside increases and the temperature rises. So the food gets cooked at a higher temperature. This takes only one-third of the time taken by the ordinary method.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 17

Describe the following objects :
(a) A bicycle
(b) A teapot
(c) A fountain pen
(d) A gold necklace

Answer:
(a) A bicycle :
A bicycle is the cheapest and simplest form of transport on wheels. It consists of the main frame and a secondary frame both joined together and triangular in shape. The main frame has a head tube in its front. The handle of the bicycle protrudes out from the upper end of the head tube while the fork protrudes out from the lower end of the head tube. An inner bolt holds both the handle and the fork in place. At the lower end of the fork is the front axle which holds the wheel.

At the opposite end of the upper end of the head, the tube is a tube that protrudes out of the hollow of the main frame. This has a nut-bolt arrangement to hold the seat. Similarly, the peak of the triangular main frame has a hole and axle arrangement to which the crank is connected. The secondary frame has a seat stay which serves as a support for the weight on the seat. The upper end of the seat stay is joined to the main frame while the lower end forks out into two legs which hold the rear wheel in place.

The wheels consist of a central spoke holder from which spokes radiate out into the rim of the wheel where it is screwed. The spokes keep the rim in shape and support it. Besides this, the wheel has an inflatable tube and an outer tyre. The tube has a valve through which air is pumped into it. This valve emerges on to the outer side of the rim through a hole in it. The crank is held by the main frame while the rear frame holds a sprocket wheel. A chain extends from the crank and is wound around the sprocket wheel. The chain is fitted onto them and locked.

The crank further has two pedals joined to it. When force is applied to the pedals, the crank turns and this chain transmits this force applied to the sprocket wheel which is attached to the rear wheel, thereby moving it. Consequently, the cycle moves. To facilitate proper control of the bike, there are brakes. Brake levers are attached to the handle and have brake brackets with rubber on them which are fitted close to the rear and front wheels. Besides this mudguards are provided for both wheels. Finally, a bell and a stand complete the bike. The stand serves as a prop to keep the bicycle standing.

(b) A teapot:
A teapot is a vessel used to brew tea. It can be of various shapes and sizes but most often it is cylindrical in shape with a hollow inside. It is open at one end and this top end has a lid which can be closed or opened as required. The lid is attached to the body of the teapot. The teapot also has a snout with an opening in it from which brewed tea is poured. In teapots of other kinds, instead of a snout, there is a long neck with a mouth at one from which the tea is to be poured. The teapot can be made of various materials like clay, bone china, wood, steel or copper.

(c) A fountain pen:
A fountain pen has two parts. A hollow cylindrical lower part two inches in diameter and a nib holder that is screwed onto it. Besides this, it has a cap with which to cover the nib and protect the ink from spreading. The lower cylindrical half of the pen is filled with ink. This ink passes to the nib which has a sharp pointed end to which it drips. It is with this pointed end of the nib that one writes.

(d) A gold necklace :
Gold is the most precious of all metals. Its bright yellow colour is very pretty. It takes fine polish. Gold is used to make many ornaments out of which a necklace is one. The goldsmith artistically makes it. It is of different sizes and designs. Each gold necklace has a beauty of its own. It is studded with rare stones and diamonds. This necklace is made by hand as well as by machine.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 18

Your father has bought the item in the picture for you. Write a letter to your sister describing what it is, how it looks and what you are going to do with it.

Your father has bought the item in the picture for you. Write a letter to your sister describing what it is, how it looks and what you are going to do with it.

Answer:

Shanti Vihar
7 August 20

Dear sister,
Dad presented me with a very useful gift. I really needed it. Well, don’t hazard any guesses because you might think of the wrong thing. It is a wall clock. The clock is a fairly big one. It has a huge round dial which is fixed onto a round plastic case. This in turn is encrusted into a squarish plastic body. The glass on the dial case is spotlessly clean. One significant feature of the watch is its radium-coated hands.

These shine in the darkness and allow me to know the time even though the lights are off. Besides this, the clock has an alarm system. This serves the purpose of waking up a lazy boy like me. Nowadays I use the alarm to wake up at 5.00 a.m. to go out jogging. That is a thoughtful present from dad, isn’t it? I am writing to him separately to thank him but do tell him how useful it is to me. Thanks for sending cakes and biscuits through your classmate Suneeta.

Your loving brother,
Sushil.

Activity 19

Read through the following paragraph and answer the following questions.

Coal mining-digging coal out of the earth – is a very big industry. Some coal is mined on the surface, but most of it has to be mined deep underground. Both forms of mining are now highly mechanised. On or near the surface, coal is mined by the open-cast method. Huge power shovels first strip off the earth’s overburden above the coal seam. Then the coal is broken up by explosives and shovelled into trucks.

Underground mining is more complicated, more expensive, and more dangerous. Shafts are sunk down into the earth and tunnels are struck outwards from the shafts to the coal seams. Then a machine, called a continuous miner, rips coal from the mine face and loads it onto a conveyor belt, which carries the coal up.

Now answer the following questions :

(i) What is the paragraph about?
(iii) The sentences below give us a simple description of the process of surface ( mining, but they are not in order. Rewrite them in the proper order and use the connectives “first,” “second”, “third” and “finally”. “The coal is thus broken up. Explosives are detonated. The earth above the coal seam is removed. It is loaded into the trucks”.
(iii) There are certain steps involved in underground mining. Write down the steps in proper order. The first one is given to you as an example.
a. Shafts are sunk down in the ground.
b. _______________________
c. Coal is __________________
d. The coal is _______________
e. Then it is ________________

Answer:
(i) The paragraph defines coal mining and enumerates the two kinds of mining. The paragraph also describes the open-cast method of mining.
(ii) Firstly the earth above the coal seam is removed. Secondly, explosives are detonated. Thirdly, the coal is thus broken up. Finally, it is loaded into trucks.
(iii) (b) Tunnels are struck outward from the shafts to the coal seam.
(c) Coal is then ripped from the mine face by a machine called a continuous miner.
(d) The coal is broken up by explosives and shovelled into trucks.
(e) Then it is loaded onto a conveyor belt which carries the coal up.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 20

Here is a description of an experiment demonstrating the process of photosynthesis in green leaves. Read it carefully and note the steps in the experiment.

Two leaves are removed from a de-starched plant. The upper side of one and the lower side of the other are greased with vaseline. The stalk of ‘ each leaf is dipped in water and the leaves are left in the light for four hours so that photosynthesis takes place. Most of the vaseline is wiped off and the leaves are placed in a solution of potassium iodide. The leaf greased on the upper side develops a blue colour, showing that starch has formed by photosynthesis from carbon dioxide, which entered through the leaf pores which are mainly on the underside. No colour develops in the other leaf in which vaseline blocked the pores.

Have you understood the steps involved in the experiment? Can you now help your younger sister conduct this experiment? For this, you may have to give her instructions and let her do the experiment. Give her instructions step by step. You may proceed like this :

1. Take two leaves from a de-starched plant.
2. Grease one leaf on the upper side.
3. _______________________
Continue the instructions till the experiment is over.
Answer:
1. Take two leaves from a de-starched plant
2. Grease one leaf on the upper-side
3. Grease the other on the lower side
4. Dip both leaves in water
5. Then leave it under light for four hours so that photosynthesis takes place.
6. After this wipe off vaseline from the leaves and place it in a solution of potassium iodide.
7. You will now notice that the leaf greased on the upper side develops a blue colour.
8. This shows that starch has formed photosynthesis from carbon dioxide which entered through the leaf pores on the underside of the leaf.
9. No colour develops on the leaf in which vaseline blocked the pores. Structural items used in the passages. We use technical writing while describing the processes etc. These technical writings are commonly impersonal and formal. In this type, the action referred to is more important than the doer of that action. Hence, we express this importance using active voice. Try to fill in the blanks.

1. Coal is mined ___________.
2. Both forms ________ are now highly mechanised.
3. Then the coal is broken up ________ and shovelled
4. Shafts are sunk ________ and tunnels are stuck ________.
5. Two leaves are removed ___________.
6. ________ are greased with vaseline
7. Stalks are dipped __________.
8. Leaves are left ____________.

Answer:
1. Coal is mined on the surface. but most of it has to be mined deep underground.
2. Both forms of mining are now highly mechanised.
3. Then the coal is broken up by explosives and shovelled into trucks.
4. Shafts are sunk down into the earth and tunnels are stuck outwards from the shafts to the coal seams.
5. Two leaves are removed from a de-starched plant.
6. The upper side of one and the lower side of the other are greased with vaseline.
7. Stalks are dipped in water.
8. Leaves are left in light for four hours.

Activity 21

Here is a set of instructions for an experiment on transpiration in plants. Rewrite the description in the passive voice. Select a potted plant and water it sufficiently before the experiment. Cover the soil surface by means of oil paper and check the ordinary evaporation of water. Put the pot on the workbench of the laboratory and cover it with a bell jar. Allow the experimental set-up to continue for one hour. Observe that drops of water stick to the inner wall of the bell jar.
Hint: A plotted plant is selected and it is watered sufficiently before the experiment. (Continue)
Answer:
A potted plant is selected and watered sufficiently before the experiment. Then its soil surface is covered by an oil paper to check ordinary evaporation of water. After this, the pot is put on the workbench of the laboratory and covered with a bell- jar. This experimental setup is allowed to continue for an hour. It is observed that drops of water stick to the inner wall of the bell jar.

Activity 22

The following sentences are from a passage, which tells us about the ideal temperature necessary for the growth of plants. But the sentences are not in order. Put them in order.
1. At lower temperatures the activity of enzymes is reduced; therefore, the growth is also retarded.
2. Most plants grow well between 20-30 degrees centigrade, which may be called the optimum temperature range.
3. The effect of temperature on growth may be indirectly related to the activity of enzymes.
4. But some plants grow well at temperatures lower than 20° C, while other plants grow best at temperatures higher than 30° C.
5. At higher temperatures, the activity of the enzymes in the plant is considerably increased, leading to a kind of ‘exhaustion’ of the plant. Beyond 40° C, the enzymes themselves are destroyed.
Answer:
Most plants grow well between 20°-30° centigrade, which may be called the optimum temperature range. But some plants grow well at temperatures lower than 20° C while other plants grow best at temperatures higher than 30° C. At higher temperatures, the activity of enzymes in the plant is considerably increased, leading to a kind of ‘exhaustion’ of the plant. Beyond 40° C, the enzymes themselves are destroyed. At lower temperatures the activity of enzymes is reduced; therefore, growth is also retarded. Thus the effect of temperature on growth may be indirectly related to the activity of enzymes.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 23

Given below is a diagram which describes how water mixed with solid substances or impurities is distilled. Write a description of the process of distillation.

Given below is a diagram which describes how water mixed with solid substances or impurities is distilled

Answer:
The water mixed with solid substances or impurities is first put into a round-bottomed flask. This flask is then placed on a tripod stand. A rectangular glass tube is then put into the flask through the hole in the cork covering the flask. The tube must reach down to the depth of the water level in the flask. The other hand of the tube must be kept under an empty glass beaker. After this, the flask is to be heated by a glass flame. As the flask is heated, it gradually reaches boiling point and water starts turning into water vapour.

This steam passes through the rectangular tube. As it passes through the tube, the water vapour condenses and droplets of water start falling into the glass beaker. They quicken the process of condensation and the rectangular tube can be attached to a condenser tube through which cold water passes. As all the water in the flask evaporates, the impurities or the solid substance will remain behind in the flask and pure water will be deposited in the beaker.

(a) In ironing a shirt, you first press the cuffs and the sleeves. You then press the collar, inside and outside. After that you ……………….
Answer:
While ironing a shirt, first we press the cuffs and then the sleeves. We then press the collar on both sides with the iron. Then we can press the front part and then | the back ……………….

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 24

Describe the following simple processes.
(a) how to make a glass of lassi
(b) how to make a booking for a berth in a reserved compartment (on a train)
(c) how to clean and polish your shoes
(d) how to cook rice
(e) how to send a letter by registered post

Answer:
(a) how to make a glass of lassi:
1. First, take the required amount of curd and milk.
2. Pour them into the jar of the mixer.
3. Add ice cubes and sugar (to your own taste) to it.
4. Then churn and grind it in the mixer using the whipper till the mixture of curd, milk sugar and ice, foam is.
5. Pour it back into a glass.
6. Top ft with garnished coconut, cream, ground cashew nut, bournvita powder or cocoa powder and dried grapes.
7. The lassi is now ready.

(b) how to make a booking for a berth in a reserved compartment (on a train):
1. Procure a reservation slip/form from the reservation counter at the railway station or city booking centres.
2. Fill in the form giving details of the train you want to travel, the class you want to travel to, the date of your journey, your name, age, sex and preference for lower, middle or upper berth.
3. Then give this reservation slip/form to the reservation clerk.
4. The clerk will then check on his computer to find out whether a berth is available on the train and on the particular date you asked for.
5. After finding the availability if it is available, he will print the details on the ticket and pass it to you asking you the fee for it.
6. If the clerk finds that no berth is available, he will tell you what other options are available and you can fill out a new reservation slip with the options available and thereby start the whole process again.

(c) how to clean and polish your shoes:
1. First bring a cherry blossom or a polishing cream (white or black).
2. Use a soft polishing brush for cleaning the dust and dirt.
3. Apply the cherry cream on the brush.
4. Polish the shoes slowly and continuously for some time so as to give them a shining colour.
5. Then apply the cream for a better glaze on the shoes.

(d) how to cook rice:
1. Clean the rice off stones, chaff and burnt rice.
2. Then clean it with water.
3. After this take water that is twice the volume of rice you have taken and set it to boil on the stove in a pot or vessel.
4. When you notice the water boiling, pour the rice into it.
5. Keep it over the fire till the grains of rice become soft.
6. Then drain the water from the pot, so that the cooked rice is left behind ready for consumption.

(e) how to send a letter by registered post:
1. Procure an envelope of the size required by you from the stationery shop.
2. Put the letter inside it and seal it with gum or cello tape.
3. Then write the name and address of the person you want to send it to on the right-hand side of the envelope. Add your name and address to the envelope in the left bottom corner.
4. Take it to the post office and hand it to the registration clerk. He will weigh it and tell you how much stamp it requires. Buy the required amount of stamp from him and paste it on the envelope.
5. Then hand it back to him. He will enter it in a registration journal, write the registration number and date on the envelope and put his Initials on it. He will then hand you a receipt for the letter he received from you.
6. The registration work is done.

Read the following description of a hill station.

(a) Ootacamund, or Ooty (as it is popularly known), which nestles in the Nilgiri Hills, lies on the borders of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Tourists from both home and abroad flock to this beautiful little hill station for a holiday. The most prominent attraction for them is the Botanical Garden, which was established in 1847. A variety of exotic and ornamental plants adorn this garden. The chief attraction of the garden is a fossil tree trunk which is 20 million years old. A small lake runs through the garden. The government organises in this garden a flower festival in May every year.

(i) What is Ootacamund’s other name? Where is it situated?
(ii) What is its main attraction?
(iii) Where is the lake?
Answer:
(i) Ootacamund’s other name is Ooty. It is situated in the Nilgiri Hills which . “ lies on the borders of Kerala, Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
(ii) The most prominent attraction is the Botanical Garden, which was established in 1847.
(iii) The lake runs through the Botanical Garden of Ooty.

Can you draw up an outline of the passage above and how the description progresses?
Answer:
Paragraph 1: Popular name and location of Ooty – a tourist spot.
Paragraph 2: The Botanical Garden – the most prominent tourist spot.
Paragraph 3: The lake and the flower festival
Now read another description of a place of tourist interest in India.

(b) Junagadh is an ancient city in Gujarat. It is situated among the shadows of Mount Gimar. The name “Junagadh”- Juna (old) and Gadh (fort)- literally means “old fort”. On the outskirts of the city, there is a dark basalt rock. It stands on the way to Mount Gimar. The rock holds the inscriptions of three mighty dynasties. They include the Maurya and Gupta dynasties. The inscriptions are in Sanskrit.

Notice some keywords and phrases used in the descriptions.
existence: Ooty lies on the borders of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka,
location: on the outskirts of the city there is a dark basalt rock.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 25

Describe the following places, highlighting their size, location and type. Also, mention the interesting or outstanding features of each place.
(a) Your home town or village
(b) An important place you have visited
(c) Your college

Answer:
(a) My Village :
My village, Mahendragiri is situated in the Gajapati district. It is one-hundred and eighty km away from the silk city, of Berhampur. To reach my village one has to take a bus from Berhampur and after the Tapta Pani Ghat take the route leading to Ramgiri Udayagiri. This place was in the news recently because of communal clashes. Mahendragiri is just 60 km away from R. Udaygiri. The village is situated at the foot of the Mahendra Hills and hence it is called Mahendragiri.

The whole village consists of a cluster of huts, asbestos roof houses and a few concrete buildings. It has only two sahis namely the Nuasahi and the Puranasahi. These sahis are situated one after the other. When one approaches Mahendragiri from R. Udayagiri, one will first see the Nuasahi and after that the Puranasahi. Each ship has rows of houses facing each other. Thus in Nuasahi, we have two rows of houses facing each other and in Puranasahi too there are two rows of houses facing each other.

There are only 200 families living in the whole village. The village has only one main road, the state highway which comes from Berhampur goes past R. Udayagiri to our village Mahendragiri and then continues upto Parlakhemundi, the district headquarters of Gajapati district, which is just 20 km from our village. Nuasahi which is in the south of Berhampur is surrounded by a huge mango grove and tamarind trees.

Puranasahi which is on the north of Parlakhemundi is bordered by cashew-nut plantations. Beyond the mango grove and the cashew, plantation lie the hills. On the top of a hill is a Shiva temple. It can be reached after climbing 480 steps. The temple is a very ancient one. It is now almost in ruins because of a lack of maintenance. Nevertheless, one can see the crude Shiva Lingam in the inner sanctuary always covered with fresh flowers.

The view from the temple courtyard is thrilling. One can see the streams flowing down on the rear of the hill. The sahis looked like tiny rows of toy houses. T.V. antennas look like minute clothes hangers and the mango grove and casuarina trees look like beds of cauliflowers. 3 km away from the village, on the road to Parlakhemundi is our marketplace. It does not have any permanent shops but only rows of rectangular concrete platforms on which businessmen put up their shops.

The market meets on three days of the week, Monday, Wednesday and Friday. It is a very colourful market where one can get everything necessary. Beyond the market is a thick jungle. On the hills, one can also see patches of barren land. This is because the farmers of our village practice shifting cultivation. Some of the plants on the hill are seen as half burnt. Some are already yellow with the flowers of the mustard.

(b) An important place I have visited :
One of the most important and unforgettable places that I have ever visited is the Taj Mahal at Agra. I have not seen anything else that surpasses the beauty of this marble mausoleum. Built by Shah Jahan, as a tomb for his wife and as an enduring symbol of his love, the Taj Mahal is true “an elegy in stone.” It has a gateway of red stone with verses from the Quran inscribed on it.

The gateway leads to a garden with three pathways. Besides that, there are fountains and pillars that lead to the marble platform at whose four comers are four towers or minarets. In the middle is the main dome with two smaller domes flanking it on either side. The red and white marble walls are decorated with stones of various colours encrusted in them. Their insides too are covered by flowers wrought in stone and lace work of green foliage.

The hall of death has a verse inscribed on it. Words cannot describe the splendour of the Tajmahal in the moonlight. It glitters and appears radiant as a bride. Moreover, the large rooms, cool ambience and solitariness about it, give it a sober air whereby one becomes reverential and meditative.

(c) My college :
My college is situated on the National Highway No.5 between Cuttack and Bhubaneswar on the outskirts of our village Kamalpur when proceeding towards Cuttack. It is a red-brick, single-storeyed straight-line building that faces the East. It is constructed only on an acre of land which is marked by a similar red-brick boundary wall that has only one gate which opens onto the highway. The gate has a gravel path which leads to the portico of the college building.

Immediately after the portico is steps which lead to the principal’s office. On the right of the principal’s office is the staff common-room, while to its left is the Administrative Office of the college. All three are housed in single rooms. Beyond the staff common- room and the administrative office on both sides are the stores, the right one storing sports equipment while the left one has stationary. Following the sports store on the right are the classrooms. There are three classrooms in all for 1st Year Arts students.

Similarly on the left beyond the stationeries store are three classrooms for 2nd year Arts students. Beyond the boundary wall, on every side are paddy fields. It is interesting that the college itself has been constructed on an erstwhile paddy field donated by a farmer whose son is one of the teachers in the college. Thus in the rainy season the earth there does not absorb water and as a result, we often have 2-3 ft. of standing water in the College compound. One can even fish inside the college during rainy reason.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 26

Describe the place shown in the picture below.

Describe the place shown in the picture below.

Answer:
It was a wonderful and picturesque sight just like a picture postcard. A waterfall nestling among the mountains peopled by the evergreen pines standing tall on the mountains. The water cascaded down the fall spraying itself into the air looking like tiny globules of diamond and then crashing into the rock below where it turns into white foam and then cascades down the mountain forming divergent streams that end up in a rivulet.

Activity 27

Describe the following people of our country and the places they live in.
(a) The Kashmiris
(b) The Sikhs
(c) The Santals

Here are some helpful points for (a)
(i) Live in the valley of Kashmir, fair complexion, tall, long noses, about 5 million people
(ii) Very cold winters – snow, frozen lakes, poorly heated mud houses, individual firepots. Woollen clothes, long gowns and rubber shoes
(iii) Food: meat, fish and rice; fruit (apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.); Drink: a lot of tea with or without milk
(iv) handicrafts: carpets, silk, wood carvings, etc.
(v) well-known tourist spots: Shalimar Gardens, Gulmarg, Dal lake, etc.

Answer:
(a) The Kashmiris:
The Kashmiris are a fair complexioned people most of who live in the valley of Kashmir which lies in the north of India. They usually have tall and long noses. They experience very cold winters because of snow, frozen lakes and badly heated mud houses. To get rid of the cold, they wear woollen clothes, long gowns and rubber shoes. However, most of the population is poor and hence they live in poorly heated mud houses but each of them has separate firepots. The majority of the Kashmiris are Muslims. As a result, most men wear caps while women are veiled. They wear purdah. This is of course more common among the orthodox folk.

The Kashmiris are mostly non-vegetarian people eating meat, fish and rice. They also consume fruits like apples, pears, peaches, cherries etc. and drink a lot of tea. Their main occupation is handicrafts. Whole families including young children are engaged in weaving carpets, silk clothes, wood carvings etc. all of which are exquisitely done. The main revenue, however, comes from tourism. Kashmir which is considered earth’s paradise has many famous tourist spots like the Dal Lake, Shalimar Gardens and the Gulmarg. Terrorism has however decreased tourist trade in recent times.

(b) The Sikhs :
The Sikhs are the residents of Punjab but over the years they have migrated to almost all the states of India and to many countries abroad. Sikhism began as a socio-religious movement which was more interested in fighting evils but in its process of evolution, it was forced by circumstances to become a militant sect. It was Guru Gobind Singh who transformed the Sikhs into a militant sect and created Khalsa. The Sikh people are easily distinguishable by the turban they put on. Every Sikh is bound by the laws of his religion to never have his hair cut.

Men, therefore, tie their hair in a plait, bind it on the head and wear a turban upon it. Besides this, all Sikhs who are part of the Khalsa are armed with a Kirpan and put on a steel bangle called Kada. Most men are dressed in long Kurtas that reach down to the knees and pyjamas. Women are dressed in salwar kameez. The Sikhs are very hard-working and industrious people. They mainly cultivate wheat, rice, maize, gram and pulses. They produce the largest amount of wheat in India.

Unlike other States, the Sikhs use all mechanised equipment for agriculture and adopt the latest techniques and methods of production. Besides this, they are engaged in several industries like bicycle parts, auto parts, sports and leather goods, hosiery, knitwear, footwear, nuts and bolts, textiles etc. Most Sikhs eat roti or parathas along with Makhan, and dal and drink large glasses of milk. They celebrate the birthdays of their Guru by offering prayer and distributing sweets. The important tourist centres and places of worship in Punjab are the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Durgiana Mandir, the Anandpur Sahib and the Jalianawala Bagh.

(c) The Santhals :
The Santhals or Santals are an indigenous aboriginal tribe inhabiting Bihar and some parts of Orissa. They lend their name to the Santhal Pargana district of Bihar, which is known after them. They are short dark-skinned people having broad noses, thick lips, coarse and curly hair and very prominent cheekbones. Their main occupation is cultivating and cattle breeding. Most of them are uneducated and illiterate and rarely mix with mainstream society. They are also good hunters.

They are animistic in their beliefs and enjoy sexual liberty practising polyandry and polygamy. Their dialect is called Santali. They live in mud houses short in height. But their villages are extremely clean. The Santals have an elaborate tribal structure, with 12 exogamous clans. More over, each village has its cadre of village officials the head of whom is the chief.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 28

Describe how the Money Order which you send reaches the addressee.
Answer:
The money order form is first filled up and the money to be sent as well as the amount of exchange is given to the postal clerk who gives a receipt in return. It is understood that a customer has commissioned money to be sent to a customer in another place for paying a sum for the service. The postal clerk thus sends this form to the post office where the addressee is to be found. This is taken as a direction by that post office to pay the sum to the addressee, which is done by a postal peon.

Activity 29

Write about 150 words on each of the following :
(a) A peacock
(b) A cat
(c) An elephant

Answer:
(a) A Peacock :
The male peacock is a beautiful bird. Its neck is covered with lovely blue feathers. Its body is green and blue. Its glory is its long tail. It can open its tail like a great fan. The colours are blue and green and gold. The bird is very proud of its tail. It opens it, and struts about to be admired. The peacock stands for pride. We say, “as proud as a peacock”. The lady peacock is a plain brown bird. She has no tail like her husband. He has all the beauty.

In India, peacocks are sacred birds. The peacock is called the mount of Saraswati, the goddess of learning. So it is very wrong to kill a peacock. But peacocks are great thieves. They do great damage to growing crops. Some people say that peacocks kill snakes. Some say they can smell the coming rain. Then they give harsh screams.

(b) A Cat :
People keep cats as pets. Cats are pretty animals, covered with soft fur. They are of different colours. Some are black, some white, some grey, and some brown. Kittens, or young cats, are very playful. They will play for hours with little balls, fallen leaves, or bits of string. The chief use of cats is to catch mice and rats. Like their big cousins, lions and tigers, cats can see in the dark. They hunt for mice at night. Mice are a great pest in a house. A cat will soon kil them, or drive them away.

Cats have been tamed for thousands of years. They were kept as pets in ancient Egypt. Cats are very different from dogs. Dogs love persons, but cats love places. A dog will follow his master anywhere. But a cat loves the comfort of the house and stays at home. Their love is what we call “cupboard love”.

(c) An elephant :
The elephant is the largest of all animals. It is a strange animal to look at. It has thick legs, huge sides and back, large ears, small eyes, a short tail, and great white tusks. Its long nose, or trunk, is the strangest thing about it. It uses its trunk like a hand. It picks things up with its trunk and puts them into its mouth. It sucks up water with its trunk and squirts it into its mouth for drinking.

Elephants are very strong. And they are very clever. So tame elephants are very useful. They are trained to draw heavy loads. They are taught to carry logs of wood on their tusks and pile them up in perfect order. They are used, too, in hunting tigers in the jungle. In old days they were used in battle. And Indian Rajas ride on elephants in state processions.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Description

Activity 30

Write short paragraphs on :
(a) A refrigerator
(b) A screwdriver
(c) A motorcycle

Answer:
(a) A refrigerator :
A refrigerator is a common household electrically powered equipment/appliance that is used to chill or freeze food items for preservation. It consists of an outer metal cabinet or box, rectangular in shape and an inner polyurethane foam lining (pdf) to ensure zero gaps, insulation and provide no space for insects to breed. Its size ranges from 165 litres to 310 litres. Its inside can be cooled to temperatures as low as – 16°C.

The cooling is affected by a thermostat which controls the temperature inside the refrigerator as well as of the freezer compartment. The cabinet contains a separate freezer compartment in which ice can be formed and food kept frozen. The freezer also has ice trays with which ice cubes are made. Below it is the chill tray which is used to store soft drinks as well as milk jackets for quick cooling. Besides, the cabinet may have adjustable shelves, which are found mostly in domestic refrigerators.

In which vessels of different sizes can be accommodated to store cooked food, jellies, pies etc. Right below is the San crisper which is a compartment for storing leafy vegetables and fresh fruits. The door inside also has a dairy compartment for cheese and butter, removable egg racks and adjustable bottle racks. Today frost-free refrigerators are available.

(b) A screwdriver:
A screwdriver is a common tool used for turning screws. It consists of a metal rod that is fixed in a wooden, plastic or rubber groove that has been moulded into a handle grip. The rod is chiselled in the front to facilitate its getting into the groove of the screw. The rod varies in length and diameter.

(c) A motorcycle :
Motor cycle is one of the most popular means of conveyance. Now different brands are manufactured by different companies. Each of them has a distinctive feature. The motorcycle consists of various parts, such as a handle, brake, fuel tank, silencer pipe, engine (two-stroke/four-stroke) carburettor, clutch lever, speedometer, two tyres, indicator (front and rear), and battery compartment. These parts are systematically set in the bike’s comfortable seat, headlight, shock absorber and so on.

Four-stroke motor-bike is superior to a two-stroke one because the former has smooth pick-up. Besides, it doesn’t produce defeaning sound. On the other hand, the motorbike has a two-stroke engine that doesn’t have that smooth pick-up. It produces sound. The fuel consumption of a four-stroke engine is better than that of a two-stroke engine. The former is economical. Replacement of engine oil at the scheduled time is of great importance. Now wherever we notice, we see varieties of wonderful bikes playing on the road.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l)

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 CHSE Odisha Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Exercise 7(l)

Question 1.
If y = tan-1 x Prove that (1 + x2) y2 + 2xy1 = 0
Solution:
y = tan-1 x ⇒ y1 = \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\)
⇒ (1 + x2) y1 = 1
⇒ (1 + x2) y2 + 2xy1 = 0

Question 2.
If 2y = x (1 + \(\frac{d y}{d x}\)) show that y2 is a constant.
Solution:

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l) Q.2

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l)

Question 3.
If y = ax sin x show that x2y2 – 2xy1 + (x2 + 2) y = 0
Solution:
y = ax sin x
⇒ y1 = a sin x + ax cos x
⇒ y2 = a cos x + a cos x – ax sin x
= 2a cos x – ax sin x
Now x2y2 – 2xy1 + (x2 + 2)y
= 2ax2 cos x – ax3 sin x – 2ax sin x – 2ax2 cos x + ax3 sin x + 2ax sin x = 0

Question 4.
If y = \(e^{m \cos ^{-1} x}\) (1 – x2) y2 – xy1= m2y
Solution:
y = \(e^{m \cos ^{-1} x}\)
⇒ In y1 = m cos-1 x
⇒ \(\frac{1}{y}\) . y = \(\frac{-m}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
(\(\sqrt{1-x^2}\)) . y1 = -my
⇒ (1 – x2) (y1)2 = m2y2
⇒ (1 – x2) 2y1y2 – 2x (y1)2 = 2m2yy1
⇒ (1 – x2) y2 – xy1 = m2y

Question 5.
If x = sin t, y = sin 2t then prove that, (1 – x2)\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) – x\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) + 4y = 0
Solution:
x= sin t, y= sin 2t
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l) Q.5

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l)

Question 6.
If y = \(\left(\sin ^{-1} x\right)^2\) , prove that (1 – x2) y2 – xy1 – 2 = 0
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 7 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 7(l) Q.6

Question 7.
If y = tan-1 x, Prove that (1 + x2) y2 + 2xy1 = 0
Solution:
Same as No. 1

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Narration Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing Narration

There are different ways of developing a paragraph depending on the topic and the purpose of writing. We shall study some of those ways now and in a subsequent chapter, we will develop our ideas into a longer piece of writing in the same light. We will also learn to mix different ways of developing our ideas into one or more paragraphs.

The common ways of developing paragraphs are :
(i) Narration – To tell an event, incident., or experience in chronological order.
(ii) Description -To describe a person, animal, object, place or process.
(iii)Exposition – To explain an idea, instrument, or problem.
(iv)Argumentation or persuasion -To argue for or against a view, in order to influence the reader’s opinion.

Narration

Read the following paragraph and see how the sentences have been arranged.

On Sunday morning, I get up at six in the morning. After a quick wash, I get into my jogging rig and go for a run. By 6.30 I am on the road. I run half an hour. I return home and have a leisurely bath, a luxury. I cannot afford it on weekdays. The bath is over, and I get ready quickly. What have you done? You have described your activities on a Sunday morning, in the order in which they take place.

You start with what you do first, then go on to what you do next, and so on and you come to your last activity. This brings you to the most important thing about a narrative paragraph. In a narrative paragraph, the events or happenings are arranged in chronological order, that is, in order of time.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

A. Narrative Passage

A. Account of Events with Sequence of Action:
It was late in the evening. The bride’s place was richly illuminated and decorated. There was music and dancing all around. Around half past 10, the bridegroom’s procession arrived and there was a flurry of excitement. The bridegroom was sitting erect on a young horse. The bride’s parents came out to receive the bridegroom and the bride was brought out too, her face covered with a pink and gold veil. She was barely 18. But, suddenly, without any provocation, the horse broke away from his master’s grip and ran away taking the bridegroom with him.

The bridegroom shouted for help and clung on to the horse for dear life. Soon his turban fell off, revealing his sparse white hair flying in the breeze. “He was too old to marry”, everyone concluded. He couldn’t be less than 70. The young bride stood aghast. Turning to her parents she cried aloud, “He’s old ! He’s a doddering old man ! I won’t marry him”. Tearing off her finery she stormed back into the house. And the old man was taken to hospital with multiple fractures.

B. A Different point of view:
At last, we reached the bride’s place. It was well lighted and there was music and dancing all around. The atmosphere was exciting and I liked it. The bride’s parents came out to receive the bridegroom and then the bride was brought too, her face covered with a pink and gold veil. I stood on the tips of my hooves to get a better view of her. Suddenly the veil on her face blew up in the breeze and I had a glimpse of her face. I was shocked.

She was only a child! She couldn’t be more than 18. And she was about to marry a man old enough to be her grandfather! “Something is seriously wrong”, I thought. “This marriage must be stopped! I then looked sly at my master. He was looking the other way. Without losing any time I broke away from his hold and ran, taking the bridegroom with me. When I reached the street I threw him on the ground and bolted away.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

Activity 1

Read the accounts in passages A and B again. Then narrate the incident from the point of view of :
(i) the bridegroom
(ii) the bride’s father
(iii) the bride
Answer:
(i) The bridegroom:
It was late in the evening when I reached the bride’s place which was richly decorated and illuminated. It was a treat to watch. The bride’s parents then came out to receive me and my friends. She was there too, with her face covered with a pink and gold veil. I wanted to take a good look at her as I sat on my horse. Fortunately, a breeze blew her veil away and I got a full glimpse of her face. she was young and beautiful! My heart beat fast in excitement. I couldn’t wait to get married.

Suddenly without warning my horse broke away from my grip and galloped away as if frightened. The sudden jerk loosened my turban and it fell off my head. Alas ! my white hairs were now visible! I could hear shouts of amazement from people gathered for the marriage. They were calling me an old man, fit to be a grandad. All my hopes of marriage were dashed. Suddenly, I was thrown off the horse and consciousness. When I regained it, I found myself in the hospital. I was told that the girl refused to marry me.

(ii) The bride’s father:
It was the happiest day of my life. My one and only daughter were getting married. I spent money lavishly on decorating my house. The bridegroom had not arrived till now. It was almost ten o’clock. Fortunately, however, they arrived half an hour later. I went out to receive him along with my wife and daughter. He sat astride on a horse. He had put on a coffee-colored sherwani suit. A gold brocaded yellow silk turban wrapped his head.

He looked handsome. I was proud of him – a man of many means. We now faced to face and I was asking him to get down from the horse so that the rituals to welcome him could be started, but he was inattentive. I followed his eyes. He was looking at my daughter. “Natural”, I thought. Suddenly, the horse raised its forelegs high up in the air, broke its master’s grip, and galloped away toward the street. I thought I could hold its reins but it was too fast for me.

My would-be son-in-law was now crying out loudly for help but in vain. Being afraid, I ran behind the horse. At that moment my would-be son-in-law’s turban fell off and I was aghast by what I saw. There was only a little white hair clinging to his bald head! O God, he could not.be less than seventy! “Marry my daughter”, would he ?” I said to myself. I then looked back to see my daughter rushing into the house with tears rolling down her cheeks.

(iii) The bride:
The moment of my marriage had arrived. My parents took me out with them to receive the bridegroom. As usual, this was an arranged marriage and I had not even had so much as a glimpse of my fiance before. So when we neared him sitting astride on a house, I tried to look at him through my veil but was not satisfied with the hazy figure that I perceived. Luckily, a breeze lifted off my veil and I had a fair look at him. He looked like a chivalrous knight sitting on a horse. He looked smart and handsome.

Suddenly, however, his horse neighed loudly, raised its forelegs high up into the air, and bolted away. This movement disrobed his head and his turban fell off. What I saw turned me speechless for a moment. He was completely bald, except for a few strands of impeccably white hair. I was shocked. I couldn’t believe my eyes. I had been deceived! Screaming, I ran into the house. “I couldn’t marry this old man, no not at all”. I thought to myself. Tears filled my eyes and I was disconsolate. It was indeed providential that the horse had bolted and the turban had fallen off.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

Activity 2

One day you saw a woman faint at a bus stop. Narrate what happened; describe the sequence of events and the reaction of the people at the bus stop.
Answer:
It was a blazing summer afternoon. I could feel the heat almost scalding my cheeks. I was perspiring like a faucet as I reached the bus stop from the college. It was mid-noon then. The streets were deserted and desolate. The tar on the road was melting. There was no one at the bus stop except for a lady in a synthetic saree. “How the hell can she put on a synthetic saree on this hot noon ?” I thought she was holding a bag of vegetables – “A housewife, returning home after marketing44, I surmised.

My lips were dry and so I crossed the road to have sugarcane juice. There were four to five people at the crushing trolley. As I ordered a glass of juice and started sipping it all the while facing the bus stop to see if the bus is arriving. Suddenly I saw the woman standing across the road, at the stop, fell down unconscious. For seconds I did not realize that she had fainted.

We all did but none moved to help – they were men and she was a woman. She was old enough to be my mother. I ran to her; saw that she was faint and her lips were trembling, her mouth was completely dry. I ran back, took an ice block from the juice seller and a glass of water, and rushed back. Meanwhile, all my fellow drinkers had gathered around her. They asked me to sprinkle water on her face which I did. But then I also poured water into her mouth and massaged her head with the ice block.

Within a few minutes, she regained consciousness and blushed with confusion as she saw the crowd around her. Holding her hand I lifted her up and handed her another glass of water. She drank that and her cheeks regained color. I helped her pick up the vegetables that had fallen all around her, hailed an auto at her request, and saw her off.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

Activity 3

Write short accounts of the following imaginary incidents :
(i) You saw a man trying to steal someone’s wallet (purse) and caught hold of him.
(ii) A road accident you witnessed.
Answer:
(i) It was at the Bhubaneswar railway station that this happened. I was standing in the queue, nonchalantly like the rest of the others, waiting for my turn at the booking counter. It was around 10 o’clock in the morning. The heat and sweat were making everyone restless. To add to this, persons in the queue were having unnecessary arguments with those trying to bypass the queue and go to the counter.

I was fidgeting with my watch, noting how much time each person’s booking was taking and calculating roughly how much time it would take for my turn to come. Just then a man, handsomely dressed arrived and went straight to the counter. He then asked something to the clerk and stood there. Watching his demeanor, I did not like to ask him to move from the I place and take his place in the queue. Instead, I was admiring his mustache jeans. It looked smart on him.

Suddenly I saw him reach for the wallet in the back pocket of the person, first in the queue. He picked it up and turned back. Spontaneously I shouted out, [ “you thief’ and embraced him in a hug. He threw it on the floor and feigned ignorance about it. However, everyone had seen him throw it and so he was caught red-handed. Meanwhile, hearing the commotion the railway police arrived and arrested him.

(ii) It was a Sunday morning, 7.00 a.m. I was off on my bicycle to IRC village to buy vegetables from the Gandhi Market. I was on the road that runs parallel to the National Highway in Jaydev Vihar. All of a sudden a mini truck sped past me, raising a lot of dust. It immediately turned left to go onto the highway taking the mud track road. Just before it reached the highway, there was a loud thud. The four wheels of the truck had fallen into the ditch that had been recently dug to make a drain along the highway.

The driver did not know this and had taken that track to reach the highway. He was unfortunate. The four wheels were deep in the ditch and the truck’s back had been thrown up into the air with the rear tires hanging and wheeling. I rushed to the spot. The driver had escaped unhurt but the cleaner was lying unconscious in the driver’s cabin. We quickly brought him out through the open door of the truck. Pieces of glass had pierced his cheeks and forehead. He was bleeding profusely. The driver hailed a taxi and took him immediately to the hospital.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing Narration

Activity 4

The Prime Minister is to visit Bhubaneswar next week and the following is the tour program. Write a short account of the planned tour, using the points below.
10.0 am : arrival by a special Air Force plane.
10.10 a.m.: reception by the Chief Minister at the airport.
10.30 a.m.: meeting at the State Secretariat; discussion with the Chief Minister
11.30 a.m.: meeting with party workers.
12.30 p.m.: lays the foundation of the Software Technology Park.
1.0 p.m. : meeting the press.
2.0 p.m. : lunch at Raj Bhavan.
3.0 p.m. : return to Delhi.
Answer:
The Prime Minister arrives at the Biju Pattanaik Airport at 10.00 a.m. sharp by the special Air Force plane. He is to be received there by the Chief Minister and other Cabinet Colleagues. After this, he heads straight for the Secretariat where he discusses relief measures granted by the World Bank and other funding agencies for the cyclone-affected area. After this, at 11.30 p.m.

he reaches the B.J.B. party office to meet party workers. There he discusses organizational elections. At 12.30 p.m. he reaches the site for the Software Technology Park and lays its foundation stone. Following this, he attends a press conference organized by the BBSR Press Club. At 2.00 p.m. he has lunch with the Governor at the Raj Bhavan. At 3.00 he once again boards the plane to leave for Delhi.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing a Paragraph Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Writing a Paragraph

A. Form And Function Of A Paragraph

A paragraph is a carefully and deliberately ordered arrangement of sentences built around a central theme or topic. Every paragraph should have a central theme either started in general terms in one sentence and reinforced by other sentences or implied when all the sentences are taken together. In short, a good paragraph comprises unity, order and organization.

Example
The octopus is one of the strangest creatures in the world. The octopus has eight long arms or tentacles round its head. Each tentacle has two rows of suckers along its length. The tentacles of the common octopus are less than one metre long. The tentacles of the largest octopuses are as long as 4.5 metres. The five sentences in the paragraph above contain five pieces of information. These five pieces are related on some way; otherwise, they would not be in the same paragraph.

Secondly, they are put together for a particular purpose: to describe the strange creature called the ‘octopus’. The opening sentence states the central theme of the paragraph in general terms. This is followed by five particular statements, all of them in support of the general statement. We should notice, again, the order in which the sentences are arranged. If we try to rearrange the sentences in any other order, we shall find that they do not add up to a satisfactory paragraph. In short, we must remember the most important principle, “One point, one paragraph”.

Activity 1

Each group of sentences below belong to a paragraph, but they are not in the proper order. Rewrite them in their correct order to form a coherent paragraph.

Question 1.
(a) The day is not far off when there will be regular space-flights to these planets.
(b) He is now planning to travel to Venus and back.
(c) Man has already been to the moon.
Answer:
Man has already been to the moon. He is now planning to travel to Venus and back. The day is not far off when there wil be regular space-flights to these planets.

Question 2.
(a) They can also act in indirect ways – by refusing to buy products made from rare animals, and by compelling law-makers to pass sound conservation legislation.
(b) People can help protect wildlife in simple, direct ways.
(c) They can join forces with other citizens in supporting organisations that are devoted to the cause of preserving nature and wildlife.
(d) They can maintain a bird feeding station, confine family dogs at night, or put a bell on the cat.
Answer:
People can help protect wildlife in simple, direct ways. They can maintain bird feeding station, confine family dogs at night, or put a bell on the cat. They can also act in indirect ways – by refusing to buy products made from rare animals, and by compelling laW-makers to pass sound conservation legislation. They can join forces with other citizens in supporting organisations that are devoted to the cause of preserving nature and wild life.

Question 3.
(a) The third runs across the south of Europe and North Africa into the middle of Asia.
(b) There are several other much smaller fault lines, but these three are the main ones.
(c) The first runs along the east coast of the Asian continent down to the west coast of North America.
(d) There are three large regions in the world where earthquakes are most likely to happen.
(e) The second runs down the west coast of South America.
Answer:
There are three large regions in the world where earthquakes are most likely to happen. The first runs along the east coast of the Asian continent down to the west coast of North America. The second runs down the west coast of South America. The third runs across the south of Europe and North Africa into the middle of Asia. There are several other much smaller fault lines, but these three are the main ones.

Question 4.
(a) But then it was discovered how paper could be prepared from wood-pulp.
(b) Paper was first made in AD 105 by a China man, Tsai Lun.
(c) Until the mid 1805 most paper was hand-made from rags or from grasses.
(d) He discovered that certain plant materials could be broken down into fibres and pressed into a sheet which made a good writing material.
Answer:
Paper was first made in AD 105 by a China man, Tsai Lun. He discovered that certain plant materials could be broken down into fibres and pressed into a sheet which made a good writing material. Until the mid 1805 most paper was hand-made from rags or from grasses. But then it was discovered how paper could be prepared from wood-pulp.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 2

You will find below, in (a), (b) and (c), some advertisements. The sentences in these advertisements have been jumbled up. Re-arrange them in the proper order.

Question (a)
(i) Silver sterilisation inhibits the growth of bacteria with its oligodynamic effect.
(ii) Yes, AMP is 100% safe, pure drinking water.
(iii) Acqua Minerale Pura (AMP) is purified water, passed through multiple filters and treated with the special Italian process of silver sterilisation.
Answer:
Yes, AMP is 100% safe, pure drinking water. Acqua Minerale Pura (AMP) is purified water, passed through multiple filters and treated with the special Italian process of silver sterilisation. Yes, AMp is 100% safe, pure drinking water. Silver sterilisation inhibits the growth of bacteria with its oligodynamic effect.

Question (b)
(i) Your hair will stay healthy and beautiful.
(ii) Use, Neo-Karpin Hair Vitaliser regularly each morning one hour before your bath.
(iii) Use it also before going to bed.
Answer:
Use, Neo-Karpin Hair Vitaliser regularly each morning one hour before your bath. Use it also before going to bed. Your hair will stay healthy and beautiful.

Question (c)
(i) It gently smooths away premature wrinkles and firms your skin.
(ii) Qadil Cucumber Face Pack gives your skin a youthful and firm look.
(iii) It also nourishes your skin with proteins and vitamins.
(iv) Finally, it leaves the skin soft to the touch.
Answer:
Qadir Cucumber Face Pack gives your skin a youthful and firm look. It gently smooths away premature wrinkles and firms your skin. It also nourishes your skin with proteins and vitamins. Finally, it leaves the skin soft to the touch.

1.2 Topic Sentence

The sentence starting with the central theme of the paragraph is called a topic sentence.
Example :
The life cycle of a virus consists of two phases. The first is extracellular. This means that the virus lives outside the cell. The second is intracellular and this means that the virus lives inside the cell where it reproduces. Here the first sentence, “The life cycle of a virus consists of two phases” is the central theme of the paragraph and hence it is called the topic sentence. Within the paragraph, the topic sentence can be
(a) in the beginning
(b) at the end
(c) in the middle
(d) split and placed in two places
(e) implicit where the main idea is distributed over a number of sentences. Let us now see some paragraphs containing topic sentences at different places within them. When it comes towards the end, it usually serves as a climax.

Activity 3

Now, pick out the topic sentences in paragraphs II and III, and write their outlines.

Occasionally, the topic sentence can come in the middle of the paragraph. In such a case, the paragraph shows a contrast between two ideas. Read the following paragraph and its outlines.
1Traditionally we have tended to think of meat, dairy produce and eggs, as the normal protein supplements to our diet. 2Peas, beans, lentils and other grains and vegetables are regarded as cheaper alternatives. 3It may come as a surprise to many to learn that in fact, the humble beans and lentils in our diet are richer in protein content than the products in the first category (meat and dairy). 4For example, cheese contains about 25 per cent protein, beef and lamb about 14 per cent, and pork, chicken and eggs about 11 per cent. 5In comparison, grains contain 20 to 40 per cent, depending on the variety.

Sentence  1 : traditional belief meat, dairy products and eggs considered normal sources of protein.
Sentence  2 : traditional belief peas, beans, lentils, etc. considered cheaper alternatives (sources of protein)
Sentence  3 : a surprising fact beans, etc. are richer in proteins than meat etc. (Topic sentences)
Sentence  4 : supporting examples cheese has 25% (etc.)
Sentence  5 : further examples beans have 40%

Answer:
Topic sentence :
Traditionally, we have tended to think of meat, dairy produce and eggs as the normal protein supplements to our diet.

1Primarily democracy is the conviction that there are extraordinary possibilities in ordinary people, and that if we throw wide the doors of opportunity so that all boys and girls can bring out the best that is in them, we will get amazing results from unlikely sources. 2Shakespeare was the son of a bankrupt butcher and a woman who could not write her name. 3Beethoven was the son of a consumptive mother, herself daughter of a cook and a drunken father. 4Schubert was the son of a peasant father and mother who had been in domestic service. 5Faraday, one of the greatest scientific experimenters of all time, was bom in a stable, his father an invalid blacksmith and his mother a common drudge. 6Such facts as these underlie democracy. 7That is why, with all its discouraging blunders, we must everlastingly believe in it.

Sentence 1 : Democracy defined + its primary benefits Topic sentence (first half)
Sentence 2 : Example Shakespeare
Sentence 3 : Example Beethoven
Sentence 4 : Example Schubert
Sentence 5 : Example Faraday
Sentence 6 : A transitional sentence preparing us for the conclusion
Sentence 7 : Writer’s conclusion Topic sentence (second half)

Answer:
Topic sentence :
(i) Primarily democracy is the conviction that there are extraordinary possibilities in ordinary people, and that if we throw wide the doors of opportunity so that all boys and girls can bring out the best that is in them, we will get amazing results from unlikely sources.
(ii) That is why, with all its discouraging blunders, we must everlastingly believe in it.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 4

Read the paragraph below and write its central idea.
It arrived at 5.00 a.m. after a sleepless night, spent thinking about questions I wanted to ask Guruji. He told me, to sit in the lotus posture and to look into his eyes without blinking. He put his hand on my chest and told me to concentrate there. As soon as he touched me, I felt as if an electrical current was passing through me. I lost consciousness. When I regained consciousness, I found that I had my head on the lap of Guruji and that he had kept his hand on my chest. Guruji told me to remember this experience but not to tell these things publicly anybody.
The central idea :
The disciple’s interaction with his Guruji, his extraordinary experience in response to the Guruji’s touch on his body and Guruji’s instruction to him to keep the fact a secret.

Activity 5

Find the topic sentences of the following paragraphs. Underline them. Then write on the margin the supporting details in single words or short phrases.

Question 1
1Friction creates many problems for the designers of automobile engines. 2First, friction wastes energy and reduces the power produced by the engine. 3Secondly, friction creates heat, which can lead to over-heating of the engine and jam up the moving parts. 4Thirdly, frictions lead to excessive wear and tear of the engine.
Answer:
Topic sentence :
Friction creates many problems for the designers of automobile engines. It leads to wear and tear of the engines.

Question 2
1In Europe, in pre-historic times, people used to tame and keep wolves as hunting companions. 2The Ancient Babylonians tamed hyenas for the same purpose. 3The Egyptians considered cats to be sacred animals but used them to kill mice and rats in their granaries. 4People in the Middle Ages tamed falcons and other birds of prey and used them to hunt. 5The keeping of animals as pets has gone on since the earliest times.
Answer:
Topic sentence :
The keeping of animals as pets has gone on since the earliest times.
This paragraph has the following points :

Sentence 1 : Pre-historic Europe Wolves used as hunting companions.
Sentence 2 : Ancient Babylon Hyenas used as hunting companions.
Sentence 3 : Egyptians Considered rats sacred but used them to kill mice and rats in granaries.
Sentence 4 : Middle Ages Used Falcons and other preying birds for hunting.
Sentence 5 : Animals kept as pets from earliest times.

Question 3
1Most people think of science merely as a servant which can make their lives easier. 2Science adds to the wealth of nations and creates better living conditions. 3This may be true. 4But science is more than that. 5The history of science shows that it does not simply better the old; it sometimes upsets the old. 6It does not merely add new truths to the old ones, but sometimes the new truths it discovers destroy some part of the old truths and thereby upsets the way of men’s thinking and living.
Answer:
Main idea :
The historv of science shows that it does not simplv better the old : but it sometimes upsets the old.

Sentence 1 : Common idea about science It is a servant which makes people’s lives easier.
Sentence 2 : Supporting detail Science adds to the wealth of nations and creates better living conditions.
Sentence 3 : Confirming propositions of sentence 1 and 2 This may be true
Sentence 4 : Introducing another proposition But science is more than that.
Sentence 5 : Main idea introduced Science simply does not better the old; it sometimes upsets the old.
Sentence 6 : Elaboration of main idea Not only adds new truths but such new truths destroy parts of the old truths which upset men’s way of thinking and lilving.

Question 4.
The Youth Hostel movement has, during the last half-century, contributed to international understanding and racial equality. One of the principles embodied in the constitution of the International Youth Hostel Federation (IIHF) is that in the hostels ‘there shall be no distinctions of race, nationality, colour, religion, class or political opinion.’ In the 4363 Youth Hostels of the world, the young men and women of the world meet and make friends. Making no distinction between the rich and the poor, the white and the coloured, the conservative and the radical, young people from all parts of the world share their experiences in an atmosphere of informality and friendliness. In these hostels, equality and brotherhood are practised in a real sense, and mutual understanding and trust are fostered.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
The Youth Hostel movement has, during the last half-century, contributed to international understanding and racial equality.

Sentence 1 : One of the principles enshrined in its constitution No discriminations in the hostels, irrespective of race or nationality.
Sentence 2 : Fact        Meeting of the young men and women of the world and meeting friends in the 4364 youth hostels of the world takes place.
Sentence 3 : Details Young people from all over the world share their experiences in a coordial atmosphere. No distinction between the rich and the poor, the white and coloured, the conservative and radical is marked.
Sentence 4 : Hallmark of these hostels Practising equality and brotherhood in word and spirit and fostering mutual understanding and trust.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Question 5
Just after sunset, when all our work was over, I wanted to eat an apple. I went on deck, I got into the apple barrel, but all these apples had been finished. I sat down there in the dark and the motion of the Hispaniola (name of a ship) made me feel sleepy. I was closing my eyes in sleep when a heavy man sat down close by the apple barrel. I was about to jump up when the man began to speak. It was John Silver. Before I had heard a dozen words, I was trembling with fear. I prayed they would not discover me because Silver’s dozen words told me that all our lives were in danger. Only I knew it, the only I could warm them before it was too late.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Just after sunset, when all our work was over. I wanted to eat an apple.

Sentence 2 : The narrator’s interest to fulfil his wish Entered the apple barel, but no apple.
Sentence 3 : Result Sitting there in the dark, felt sleepy, the presence of a heavy man by the apple barrel
Sentence 4 : Result The narrator’s readiness to jump; he heard the man speak
Sentence 5 : Identify that person John Silver.
Sentence 6 : John Silver’s utterance and impact on the narrator Became fear-stricken.
Sentence 7 : The narrator’s prayer and its reason Failure to discover me, Silver’s dozen words were indicative of their danger
Sentence 8 : Reason He alone knew it to warn them soon.

Question 6
There are many reasons why the Korowai people build their huts high up among the trees. If a rival clan attacks, the women, children and the old men can climb to safety while the warriors fight it out on the ground. The mosquitoes cannot fly so high and the air up there is cooler. Lastly from the verandahs of their huts the Korawais can shoot arrows at birds flying by and also keep watch on their plantations, where they grow many types of bananas and sweet potatoes.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
There are many reasons why the Korowai people build their huts high up among the trees.
1. Security to all in the face of rival attack
2. Free from mosquito-bite
3. Close watch on their plantations

Question 7
On my way home from work yesterday evening, I saw a small boy standing outside a door struggling to reach the door bell. “Here let me help you”, I said pressing the door bell for him. “Thanks, mister” said the small boy, starting to run away. “But do not stand there, you will get caught, “he added as he disappeared down the road.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
On my way home from work yesterday evening, I saw a small boy standing outside a door struggling to reach the door bell.
1. The narrator’s help
2. The boy’s delight
3. The latter’s caution to the former
4. The boy’s disappearance

Question 8
When the motor car was first introduced, it was a clumsy, noisy machine that laboured along the street at a pace no faster than that of a trotting horse. People looked at it with suspicion and fear. Since then, the motor car has come a long way and is today a combination of beauty, luxury and efficiency. The modem automobile, sleek and streamlined with its brilliant colours, is almost a work of art. You can travel in it in absolute comfort at an incredible speed, and yet feel no fatigue at the end of the journey. The engine is a masterpiece of mechanical ingenuity and seldom lets you down if you maintain it in good condition.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
The motor car is today a combination of beauty, luxury and efficience.

S.1 : when introduced it was a clumsy noisy machine and was only as fast as a horse.
S.2 : Its original image: viewed with suspicion and fear.
S.3 : Its modern image: a combination of beauty, luxury and efficiency.
S.4 : Its beauty (detail to support S: 3) considered a work of art.
S.5 : The luxury it provides: (detail to support S: 3) can travel in absolute comfort, incredible speed without feeling tired over long distances.
S.6 : Its efficiency: (detail to support s: 3) a masterpiece of mechanical ingenuity which never lets anyone down if properly maintained.

Question 9
Air pollution affects our health in many ways. Large quantities of smoke and other particles in the air can cause lung-diseases including cancer. Sulphur dioxide, in particular, causes serious damage to the respiratory system. Besides, other pollutants present in the air can cause skin infections as well as infections of the eyes.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Air pollution affects our health in many ways.
Sentence 2 : Example 1 : Smoke and other particles cause lung diseases including cancer.
Sentence 3 : Example 2 : Sulphur dioxide causes serious respiratory problems.
Sentence 4 : Example 3 : Other pollutants cause skin as well as eye infections.

Question 10
‘In their natural habitat animals face different hazards, such as diseases, storms, fires and floods. 2They may also be hunted by men or attacked by predators. 3This results in their natural life span being cut short prematurely. 4If we want to find out about the longevity of animals, the best way is to study them in captivity, in zoos, protected animal parks, etc. ‘
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
If we want to find out about the longevity of animals, the best way is to study them in captivity, in zoos, protected animal parts, etc.
Sentence 1 : Fact 1 : Animals face hazards like diseases, storms, fires and floods in their natural habitat.
Sentence 2 : Fact 2 : They may also be hunted or attacked by predators in their natural habitat.
Sentence 3 : Consequence : Their natural life span is thus cut short prematurely.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 6

Use the following sentences as topic sentences in paragraphs of your own.
(a) We wear clothes for various reasons.
(b) Trees are our best friends.
(c) Smoking should be banned.
(d) Most of the traffic accidents can be prevented.
(e) English should be made optional in schools.
Answer:
(a) People wear clothes for many reasons. The basic reason for wearing clothes arose from the need to cover up one’s nakedness. This first happened when God killed an animal and used its skin to cover up the nakedness of Adam and Eve. Since then man has used animal skin as clothes. Another fundamental reason arose from the need to keep oneself warm, to preserve one’s body-heat. Today, however clothes have become a necessity for one’s personality. More and more people are changing clothes in pace with the changing fashions, entirely forgetting the original intentions with which clothes were worn by people.

(b) Trees are our best friends. They provide us with shade, food and with wood for lighting fires and building houses. They also help in causing rain and prevent the top soil from being eroded by the wind. Through them we produce papers on which we write; chairs and tables which make and use as our furniture and even coffins to bury our dead in. Above all, they are the reason for which we continue to breathe oxygen and enjoy the beauty of the environment. Thus from birth to death trees stand by us thereby proving to be our best friends.

(c) Smoking is injurious to health. This warning is given on every cigarette pack and tells us how great a hazard it is. Yet numerous people smoke tobacco and endanger their lives. Even the fact that smoking causes such dangerous disease as cancer does not deter people. Victims of smoking do not only hurt themselves, they effect a chain reaction whereby others too are affected by it. Hospitals have to nurse them back to health and the expense towards this is borne by the government and the institution which the person works for.

Besides this it affects the smoker’s family. Sometimes it leaves them without a bread earner causing untold misery. Besides this, smokers are a greater danger to non-smokers. When a smoker breathes out smoke, it is a more potent poison since carbon-dioxide is added to it. Thus non-smokers are more often than not forced to become passive smokers and they too can fall into the pit that the smoker will eventually fall. Hence smoking should not only be banned in public, it should be totally banned because the social and economic price to be paid for allowing smoking is too high.

(d) The rapid rise of the number of vehicles on the roads are the cause of many accidents which can be prevented through several steps. First of all lane driving must be introduced so that heavy vehicles and light vehicles are driven in separate lanes. Secondly, traffic signals must be constructed at important points and crossroads in the city and these must be manned and monitored by traffic policemen. Thirdly, public awareness of traffic rules and regulation must be raised. Finally these rules and regulations must be strictly enforced by the police with exemplary punishment meted out to the offenders. Such steps can only prevent traffic accidents.

(e) When a student passes out from school and joins college, he seldom understands what his teacher is teaching because he is not proficient in English. In almost all the states of India, the medium of instruction in Higher Education is English. This is especially true of technical and professional courses. Moreover, most of the books, whether they belong to Science or Humanities, Medical or Engineering, Veterinary Science or Agriculture and Forestry or vocational course, are all written in English.

This makes it necessary for student to know English. In addition, as both Gandhi and Nehru point out, English is the language used in international commerce and diplomacy and that it contains some of the richest treasures of literature. All these are very good reasons why English should be made compulsory in schools so that when entering the portals of Higher Education they are competent in skills.

Activity 7

Question (a)
Imagine that you are on the beach at Puri, enjoying a view of the sea. Note down the things you see and write a descriptive paragraph, to form a part of a letter to be written to a friend who has never seen the sea. You can start either with distant things or the things nearest to you.
Answer:

Bhubaneswar
10 October, 20

Dear Prafulla,
I received your letter yesterday. It was really surprising to hear from you after such a long time. Your description of Ooty and the Nilgiris was fascinating. From your letter it is obvious that you greatly enjoyed your vacations there. We too had been on a holiday to Puri. Though Puri is not such an exotic place as Ooty, I had a good time there. All of us had put up at Panth Nivas right on the beach.

Early every morning, I and Reena used to run off to the beach to watch the sunrise. The beach is not crowded then and it is wonderful to smell and feel the fresh morning air. The beach is extremely clean now and for the most part untrodden by people. One can see everywhere waste matter brought onto the beach by the night tide. These all form a meandering line on the sand as left by the wave.

There are pieces of wood, rubber, plastic, a slipper, and all kinds of small shells. I even noticed a dead Jelly fish lying with all its entrails uncovered. Besides there are plenty of small crabs butting in an out of one-inch holes. They quickly disappear into the safety of their holes as one approaches them. The sea itself seems calm and quiet, with waves splashing on to the sand, murmuring softly as it were and spraying its foam into the air majestically.

It is really a beautiful sight. Moreover, just before sunrise, one can see fishermen, naked except for loin- clothes, skilfully pushing their catamaran across the waves and then boarding it to go out fishing in the deep. Far away there are boats with their sails up and the whole scene looks greatly picturesque. Further the sea seems to extend up to as far as the eye can see.

The further one tries to see the more does one’s eyes become misty and the sky seems to touch the water. Right at one corner, a ball of fire rises suddenly, resplendent in its beauty and casting a red shadow on the waters. It showly rises from the waters and rests in the sky, now shining, brightly and freshly.
I think I should stop here. Please write back.
With Love,
Sushil.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Question (b)
Write a recipe, in the form of step-by-step instructions, on how to cook a pot of rice.
Answer:
Take the required amount of rice and clean it with water. Meanwhile take water which is double the volume of rice and boil it. When this water boils, add the cleaned rice to it. Cook over fire till the rice is cooked soft. After this drain the water from the pot till no water is left. One can also place the rice over a metal sieve so that the water is drained off and only dry rice is left behind. The rice is now ready for serving.

Question (c)
Write a paragraph to form a part of a letter to a friend telling him about a study tour of Orissa that you undertook last week with your classmates under the supervision of a teacher.
Steps
(i) Prepare a date-wise account of the places you visited and what you saw and did at each place.
(ii) Based on these notes, write a short paragraph to form a part of the letter.
(iii) You may begin your paragraph with the following sentence : Last week I took part in a study tour to
Answer:
20.6.20 :
Arrived at Bhubaneswar by train. Lodged at Yatri Nivas
21.6.20 :
Started at 6.00 am for Konark temple. Saw temple. Left at 10.30 for Puri. Had lunch at Panth Nivas, Puri at 12.00 noon. Went to Jagannath Temple. Participated in puja. Brought sovenirs from shops in front of Temple. Went to the beach. Had coffee and snacks there. Bought conches. Returned to BBSR.
22.6.20 :
Started out for Khandagiri / Udayagiri caves by 9.00 a.m. Had a hill top view of BBSR from Udayagiri. Studied the habits of Buddhist monks. Left for Nandankanan at 11.00 a.m. Reached at 12.00 noon. Had lunch at OTDC restaurant. Went to the zoo. Went boating. Returned at 5.00 p.m. Boarded East Cost at 7.30 p.m.

Hyderabad
30 June, 20

Dear Mitali,
Thanks a lot for writing to me. I am glad that you enjoyed your trip to Ooty. I knew the change of place would do you good and improve your spirits. Anyway, you must be eager to know what I did during the holidays. Well, you will be surprised. Last week I took part in a study tour to Orissa. Of course we did not visit all of Orissa but we visited what is called the “Golden Triangle” Puri, Konark and Bhubaneswar.

It was a hectic tour no doubt, but I thoroughly enjoyed it. On 19th we left for BBSR by Falaknamma arrived there on 20th and lodged at Yatri Nivas. Since the train was rather late; we did not go out anywhere that night. Instead we took the much needed rest. The following day, however we went straight to the Konark Temple.

What a beauty it was ! statues of dancers, devadasis depicting intercourse decorated the temple walls. But the wheels were marvellous. They had unimaginably skilled intricate work. We took a number of snaps and then travelled to Puri where we had lunch at the Panth Nivas and then visited the Jagannath Temple. There I and others of our group participated in Puja, ate prasad and sought the blessing of the Lord. After this, I bought some brass sovenirs in shops in front of the temple. Then we went off to the beach, had coffee and snacks at a restaurant and sat on the sand, building castles and occasionally running off to wet our legs in the sea.

We returned to Bhubaneswar at 10.00 The following day on 22.06.20 , we visited the Khandagiri and Udayagiri caves. We tried to delve back into history thinking of the past when Buddhist monks sat in meditation here. After this we visited Nandankanan. Everything seemed in disarray there in the aftermath of the cyclone. All animals looked diseased. However, we enjoyed our boating. By 5.00 we came back to Yatri Nivas where we washed and refreshed ourselves. That night we boarded the East Coast for Hyderabad once more. The tour was greatly enjoyed by everyone. I hope you had accompanied us.
Do write back.
With Love,
Snigdha.

Activity 8

Study the following paragraph and replace the appropriate noun phrases by pronouns so as to make the paragraph a coherent one. The first one has been answered as an example. There are seven more. Human beings are destroying their environment. It is ironic how people pollute people’s (their) surroundings and then go to great pains to clean up the messes that people have made. A cheap method of getting rid of industrial wastes is to dump the wastes into rivers or lakes. The result of such intrusion into nature is the death of many forms of life in and around the waters. Only when the pollution reaches the people’s reservoirs, however, do people figure that the time has come to clean up the people’s environment. Then people create a series of expensive projects to restore the water to the water’s original purity. Of course, the cheapest and most effective way to get clean water is not to pollute the water in the first place.
Answer:
Human beings are destroying their environment. It is ironic how people pollute people’s (their) surroundings and then go to great pains to clean up the messes that they have made. A cheap method of getting rid of industrial wastes is to dump them into rivers or lakes. The result of such intrusion into nature is the death of many forms of life in and around the waters. Only when the pollution reaches the peopled reservoirs, however, do they figure that the time has come to clean up the their environment. Then they create a series of expensive projects to restore the water to its original purity. Of course, the cheapest and most effective way to get clean water is not to pollute it in the first place.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 9

Complete the following paragraph by filling in each blank with the right connective from the list.
(and, but, because, on the other hand, which)
(1)     (2)      (3)           (4)                         (5)
In the recent craze about the seven wonders of the world, we looked at buildings made of stone and clay. __________ there are seven other wonders, those of the inner world, _____________ are present in all human beings. They are the seven vices : lust, anger, greed, attachment, ego, jealousy and laziness. These are wonders _____________ they take us away from our.original virtuous self. They lead us into an unreal world of short living pleasure _____________ take us away from Truth. ___________ , if these are conquered, the earth becomes a wonderful place to live in. Life becomes a wonderful gift.
Answer:
In the recent craze about the seven wonders of the world, we looked at buildings made of stone and clay. But there are seven other wonders, those of the inner world, which are present in all human beings. They are the seven vices : lust, anger, greed, attachment, ego, jealousy and laziness. These are wonders because they take us away from our original virtuous self. They lead us into an unreal world of short living pleasure and take us away from Truth. On the other hand, if these are conquered, the earth becomes a wonderful place to live in. Life becomes a wonderful gift.

Activity 10

Read the following text carefully. In the first paragraph, back reference has been indicated by means of a box and an arrow. Other linking devices in the same paragraph have been boxed. Mark the rest of the text in the same way. SmokingTlwhich 1 may be a pleasure for some people, is a source of serious discomfort for their fellow. [Further,] medical authorities express [their j concern about the effect of smoking on the health not only of those who] smoke but also those who must involuntarily inhale the contribution of smokers to the atmosphere. As you are doubtlessly aware, a considerable number of our students have joined together in an effort to persuade the University to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are entirely right in their aim. However, I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by an appeal to reason and to concern for others rather than by regulation. Smoking is prohibited by city by-laws in theatres and halls used for showing films as well as laboratories where there may be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is upto your own good sense. I am therefore asking you to maintain “No Smoking” in the auditorium, classrooms and seminar rooms where you teach. This proof of your interest for their health and well-being is very important to a large number of students.
Answer:
Smoking which may be a pleasure for some people, is a source of serious discomfort for their fellows. Further, medical authorities express their concern about the effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who must involuntarily inhale the contribution of smokers to the atmosphere. As you are doubtlessly aware a considerable number of our students have joined together in an effort to persuade the University to ban smoking in the classrooms.

I believe they are entirely right in their aim. However, I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by an appeal to reason and to concern for others rather than by regulation. Smoking is prohibited by city by-laws in theatres and in halls used for showing films as well as laboratories where there may be a fire hazard. Else where, it is upto your own good sense. I am therefore asking you to maintain “No Smoking” in the auditorium, classrooms and seminar rooms where you teach. This proof of your interest for their health and well-being is very important to a large number of students.

Activity 11

Dear Harish,
Remember that I told you I was trying to get a job at ICTL?
(1) __________, I finally managed to get one! Of course, I haven’t been working there long, (2) ____________ I can already tell that it’s a wonderful place to
work. All the staff, (3) ___________ the directors, are very friendly with everybody, and (4) ___________, they have marvellous facilities for the employees. (5) _________, there’s a bar and a gym, and lots of other things. I’m called the Safety Equipment Officer. It may sound like an impressive title, but it’s not a very accurate description of what I do. My main job is to provide protective clothing, (6) ___________ overalls, helmets, and so on. I estimate what the different departments will need, and (7) ____________ I order it from the suppliers. (8) __________ I make sure that the various departments have everything they want. (9) ____________, stationery is also my responsibility. (10) ____________, I have to supply all the offices with paper, envelopes, and so on. I find the job very interesting (11) _____________ I get a chance to go all over the factory and to meet everybody. (12) ___________ the pay is a lot better than in my old job.
(13) _____________ that’s my news. What about yours? Drop me a line when you have time. Regards to your family, and best wishes to you.
Yours truly,
Tarun

(a) (b) (c)
1. Then Well And
2. but because so
3. until and even
4. so what’s more on the other hand
5. For instance However Even
6. however in fact such as
7. then after so
8. By the way Anyway In this way
9. Indeed Moreover But
10. Secondly In other words Also
11. why because then
12. Besides But On the other hand
13. At the end Anyway After all

Answer:
(1) Well, (2) but, (3) even, (4) what’s more, (5) For instance, (6) such as, (7) then, (8) In this way, (9) Moreover, (10) In other words, (11) because, (12) Besides, (13) Anyway.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 12

Each of the following sentences has a blank where there should be a linking word or phrase. Put an appropriate linking device in each blank so that the relation between the two statements is made clear.
(i) The pay and conditions are very good. ____________ , it’s only five minutes’ walk from where I live.
(ii) I didn’t apply for the job ____________ I didn’t think I had much chance of getting it.
(iii) A lot of professional groups, ________________ doctors and lawyers, have strong associations that protect their members’ rights.
(iv) The hours are short, the pay’s excellent, and the people I work with are very nice. ____________, it’s a great job.
(v) You may think it’s boring, ___________ it’s really very interesting.
(vi) All my relatives were at the wedding, ___________ my cousins from Australia.
(vii) At first I didn’t feel happy with so much responsibility. ____________ , now I feel quite confident that I can manage.
(viii) There are several things that make it a nice place to live in. ____________ , there’s a park right across the road.
Answer:
(i) The pay and conditions are very good. Besides, it’s only five minutes’ walk from where I live.
(ii) I didn’t apply for the job anyway I didn’t think I had much chance of getting it.
(iii) A lot of professional groups, such as. doctors and lawyers, have strong associations that protect their members’ rights.
(iv) The hours are short, the pay’s excellent, and the people I work with are very nice. In other words, it’s a great job.
(v) You may think it’s boring, but it’s really very interesting.
(vi) All my relatives were at the wedding, even my cousins from Australia.
(vii) At first I didn’t feel happy with so much responsibility. But, now I feel quite confident that I can manage.
(viii) There are several things that make it a nice place to live in. What’s more, there’s a park right across the road.

Activity 13

What is wrong in the following paragraphs ?
Machines have turned human society from an agrarian one into an I industrial one. Today in countries like the USA, the UK and Japan, only a small section of the population is engaged in agriculture, industry forms the basis of the life and progress of these nations. Machines have also changed the life of the individual in many ways. Life at home has been made more comfortable, and the drudgery of household work has been removed. People travel to schools and offices in buses or trains, and spend their evenings in – amusements made possible by machine civilization.
Answer:
The first paragraph is actually two paragraphs combined into one.
(i) Machines have turned human society from an agrarian one into an industrial one. Today in countries like the USA, the UK and Japan, only a small section of the population is engaged in agriculture. Industry forms the basis of the life and progress of these nations.
(ii) Machines have also changed the life of the individual in many ways. Life at home has been made more comfortable, and the drudgery of household work has been removed. People travel to schools and offices in buses or trains, and spend their evenings in amusements made possible by machine civilization. The twentieth century is the age of machines. From the time the . Industrial Revolution began in Europe, man’s life has been changing in many ways. At first the change was slow. But in the second half of the nineteenth century there was an increase in the rate of mechanization and as a result, life began to change more quickly. During the last fifty years, machines of all kinds have become part of our daily life and have transformed it in the most incredible manner.
Answer:
This passage is also two passages combined into one. There is no justification to have two paragraphs because it speaks of the same thing of machines.

Activity 14

Find out the reasons for the lack of unity in the following paragraphs, and rewrite each paragraph so that it has unity.

Question 1
In their eating habits goats are often very destructive. The famous Swiss scientist, Karl Vogt, says that the goat does more harm to the forests than any other animal. Goat’s milk is highly valued in many places and is often used to make cheese. It is inadvisable, therefore, to let goats run at large where valuable green things are growing. They will eat even the barks of trees.
Answer:
In their eating habits goats are often very destructive. They will eat even the barks of trees. The famous Swiss scientist, Karl Vogt, says that the goat does more harm to the forests than any other animal. It is inadvisable, therefore, to let goats run at large where valuable green things are growing. Here the sentence, “Goat’s milk is highly valued in many places and is often used to make cheese.” is irrelevant in the context of the topic. Hence this passage lack unity.

Question 2
In most vertebrates, limbs that have been lost will not grow again. If large masses of tissues are destroyed, new tissues will not take their place. Some new tissues will, of course, appear on the site of the injury, but they serve rather as a protection to the remaining tissues than as a replacement. But plants are superior to animals in this regard : they can repair their damaged tissues very efficiently and can often replace lost parts.
Answer:
(i) In most vertebrates, limbs that have been lost will not grow again. But plants are superior to animals in this regard : they can repair their damaged tissues very efficiently and can often replace lost parts.
(ii) If large masses of tissues are destroyed, new tissues will not take their place. Some new tissues will, of course, appear on the site of the injury, but they serve rather as a protection to the remaining tissues than as a replacement. Thus the paragraph is actually two paragraphs combined into one.

Question 3
The most memorable day in my life is the day the President of India shook my hand and handed me the Young Scientist of 1987 Award. There was loud applause from the packed hall. Many cameras including the TV cameras clicked and I was in a pool of light. I felt that the long hours I spent in my little laboratory in the midst of grumblings from my family who wanted me to help them with housework have been rewarded. I could not withhold my tears when I saw my father, husband and sisters, sitting in the front row, wiping their tears of joy. I am a scientist.
Answer:
The most memorable day in my life is the day the President of India shook my hand and handed me the Young Scientist of 1987 Award. There was loud applause from the packed hall. Many cameras including the TV cameras clicked and I was in a pool of light. I felt that the long hours I spent in my little laboratory in the midst of grumblings from my family who wanted me to help them with housework have been rewarded. I could not withhold my tears when I saw my father, husband and sisters, sitting in the front row, wiping their tears of joy. If the paragraph begins with the sentence No. 6 “I am a scientist.” it has definitely a unity.

Question 4
‘It is important to keep our forests from being destroyed for cultivation and wood. 2Forests may be of different kinds. 3Forests are essential for maintaining the rate of rainfall and temperature. 4Forests prevent soil erosion and the growth of deserts. 5Forests house a variety of wild animals and birds which will all perish if forests are destroyed. 6The losses – immediate as well long-term-following the destruction of forests are far greater than the paltry financial gain from cultivation and wood.
Answer:
It is important to keep our forests from being destroyed for cultivation and wood. Forests are essential for maintaining the rate of rainfall and temperature. Forests prevent soil erosion and the growth of deserts. Forests house a variety of wild animals and birds which will all perish if forests are destroyed. The losses – immediate as well long-term-following the destruction of forests are far greater than the paltry financial gain from cultivation and wood. Here the passage loses its unity, because the sentence “Forests may be of different kinds.” does not fit into its main idea.

Question 5
What makes a job perfect at one time and undesirable at another is simply change. The change may be in yourself, in the position or in the job market. A job could be perfect for you at this time of your life. But you may some day become totally dissatisfied with the very same job for the simple reason that you have changed. Some jobs are rather easy. You may not consider a high salary as important now as you did a few years ago. You may not be able to travel as much as you used to. A job which you were keen on getting a few years ago may not interest you now simply because you have become older and your system of values has changed. Some young people like jobs that involves a lot of travelling.
Answer:
This paragraph is actually two paragraphs combined into one.
(i) What makes a job perfect at one time and undesirable at another is simply change. The change may be in yourself, in the position or in the job market. A job could be perfect for you at this time of your life. But you may some day become totally dissatisfied with the very same job for the simple reason that you have changed. Some jobs are rather easy.
(ii) You may not consider a high salary as important now as you did a few years ago. You may not be able to travel as much as you used to. A job which you were keen on getting a few years ago may not interest you now simply because you have become older and your system of values has changed. Some young people like jobs that involves a lot of travelling. The passage mentions the same idea – A man’s changing attitude towards a job.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Question 6
Baba, Khaire’s first leopard cub, was brought to his foster father when he was only 15 days old: He had been found in a cattle-shed, deserted by his mother. After Baba had refused milk, prawns, minced meat and fish for two days, Khaire started his ward on Farex and the orphaned cat grew up to be a bonny baby. Leopards are affectionate animals with a remarkable memory and so far they have not been observed to have in them the instinct to kill. They never attack until provoked. Within a year, Baba measured seven feet from nose to tail, and when he attained a body weight of 70 kilos, he had to be tearfully sent off to the zoo. Baba had a passion for cars. He used to love being taken for a drive in a Maruti car.
Question
There are two sentences in this paragraph which are not related to the main idea and distract our attention away from the main idea. Can you spot them ?
Answer:
The two distinct sentences are-
(i) “Leopards are affectionate animals with a remarkable memory and so far they have not been observed to have in them the instinct to kill.”
(ii) They never attack until provoked.

Question 7
Bears are generally good-natured animals, yet there are times when they attack human beings. My aunt hates bears; she says they look ugly. Getting between a mother bear and her cubs is certain to provoke an attack. Some people wear bear skin caps. “They look cute. Acts of cruelty and ill treatment by unthinking persons have often provoked bears in captivity to attack. There are half a dozen brown bears in our zoo. Bears in the wild state are very unpredictable; they may suddenly lose their usual good nature and attack human beings for no apparent reason.
Answer:
In this paragraph there are few irrelevant details. Let us, first, look at the main idea – that bears, through good natured, may attack human beings. Let us now see what each sentence says about this idea. Sentence 2 is about ‘my aunt’ who thinks bears are ugly; it says nothing about the main point. Sentence 3 does give an example of what provokes an attack by a bear, but sentence 4 is about people who wear bear-skin to look pretty – nothing to contribute to the main idea.

Sentence 5 provides an example of what bears in captivity (e.g. in a zoo) may be forced to do, and the last sentence makes a point about wild bears – they are unpredictable. Thus only sentences 3, 5 and 6 belong to the paragraph : the other two add nothing to it and distract the readers’ attention from the main point.

Hence the correct paragraph is :
Bears are generally good-natured animals, yet there are times when they attack human beings. Getting between a mother bear and her cubs is certain to provoke an attack. They look cute. Acts of cruelty and ill treatment by unthinking persons have often provoked bears in captivity to attack.

Question 8
China assured itself of a place in the final six of the men’s basketball tournament today with a 104-48 win over Iraq. After leading 57-36 at half-time it completely shut out Iraquis for most of the second half. In a period of six minutes, China scored 20 points while conceding only two. At no stage did China relax the pressure, though the tallest player, Mu Tich-Chu, played no part in the match. Outstanding for China was Chang Weipink, who was top scorer with 45 points. The Iraquis, though talented, lacked the discipline of their opponents. Their game crumbled in frustration.
Answer:
The paragraph is actually three paragraphs combined into one.
Para – 1:
China assured itself of a place in the final six of the men’s basketball tournament today with a 104-48 win over Iraq.
Para – 2:
After leading 57-36 at half time it completely shut out Iraquis for most of the second half. In one period of six minutes China scored 20 points while conceding only two. At no stage did China relax the pressure, though the tallest player, Mu Tich-Chu, played no part in the match. Outstanding for China was Chang Wei-pink who was top scorer with 45 points.
Para – 3:
The Iraquis though talented, lacked the discipline of their opponents. Their game crumbled in frustration. 9 Once upon a time there was a tree in the forest which had thin, pointed, leaves. It felt sad when it saw the large, green leaves of the other trees swaying and rustling in the wind. The forest was big and there were more than a million trees in it. “How unlucky lam!” it moaned. “If only God gave me leaves of gold, I could stand proud among my neighbours and shine with dazzling brilliance in the Sun.” The next morning the tree stood transformed. It had leaves of gold. It looked around at the other trees and saw how envious they were. But when night fell, a greedy man crept close to the tree and plucked all the golden leaves, put them into a sack and stole away. “Oh, how unlucky I am,” the tree lamented again. “But perhaps I can have leaves made of glass. They will shine brighter than gold and no one will steal them.” ‘°The next morning the tree was again transformed. “When the rays of the sun fell on the tree, they were reflected in all directions. The tree felt proud of its leaves, but that night there was thunder and lightning, and the wind blew violently and shook the tree. A11 its glass leaves were broken. ,4“Bad luck, again,” sighed the tree. “Let me have beautiful green leaves like the other trees, but let me perfumed.” This wish was granted, too, and the next day the whole forest was filled with the sweet smell of its leaves. God was kind to all other trees. But within a few hours, goats from all around the forest gathered, drawn by the pleasant smell, nibbled at the leaves until not a trace of green was left on the tree. How foolish I have been,” said the tree sadly. “My own leaves are best for me, not any other, I’ve learnt my lesson.” The next day the tree stood covered once again with thin, pointed leaves. 20It felt as proud of its own leaves as the other trees felt of theirs.
Answer:
This paragraph is in reality five paragraphs combined into one.
Para – 1:
Once upon a time there was a tree in the forest which had thin, pointed leaves. It felt sad when it saw the large green leaves of the other trees swaying and rustling in the blind. ‘‘How unlucky I am !” it moaned. ‘‘If only God gave me leaves of gold, I could stand proud among my neighbours and shine with dazzling brilliance in the sun.”
Para – 2:
The next morning the tree stood transformed. It had leaves of gold. It looked around at other trees and saw how envious they were. But when night fell, a greedy man kept close to the tree and plucked all the golden leaves, put them into a sack and stole away. “Oh, how unlucky I am,” the tree lamented again. “But perhaps I can have leaves made of glass. They will shine brighter than gold and no one will steal them.”
Para – 3:
The next morning the tree was again transformed. When the rays of the sun fell on the tree, they were reflected in all directions. The tree felt proud of its leaves. But that night there was thunder and lightning, and the wind blew violently and shook the tree. All its glass leaves were broken. “Bad luck, again” sighed the tree. “Let me have beautiful green leaves like other trees, but let them be perfumed.”
Para – 4:
This wish was granted, too, and the next day the whole forest was filled with the sweet smell of its leaves. But within a few hours, goats from all round the forest gathered, drawn by the pleasant smell, and nibbled at the leaves until not a trace of green was left on the tree. “How foolish I have been,” said the tree sadly, “My own leaves are best for me, not any other, I’ve learnt my lesson.”
Para – 5:
The next day the tree stood covered once again with thin, pointed leaves. It felt as proud of its own leaves as the other trees felt of theirs.

Activity 15

Rearrange the sentences in each of the following paragrahs so as to make it meaningful. Indicate the sequence of sentence by their numbers.

Question 1
Then they left the dead body indoors and went out and wandered through the city, with their breasts bare and beating themselves as they walked. A11 the female relatives would join them and do the same. When these ceremonies were over, the body would be carried away to be embalmed. The men, too, would plaster themselves with mud and beat their breasts. As soon as an important personality died, the women of the family plastered their heads with mud. The following is the way in which ancient Egyptians conducted their mourning.
Answer:
6. The following is the way in which ancient Egyptians conducted their mourning.
5. As soon as an important personality died, the women of the family plastered their heads with mud.
4. The men, too, would plaster themselves with mud and beat their breasts.
3. When these ceremonies were over, the body would be carried away to be embalmed.
1. Then they left the dead body indoors and went out and wandered through the city, with their breasts bare and beating themselves as they walked.
2. All the female relatives would join them and do the same.

Question 2
‘Even if we increase the speed of our spacecraft to 200 miles a second (12000 miles per minute) we will need more than 4000 years. 2If we travel at the speed of 20 miles a second (1200 miles a minute) after getting out of the gravitational pull of the earth and the sun, it will take us 4000 years. 3How long will it take us to get to our nearest star?
Answer:
3. How long will it take us to get to our nearest star?
2. If we travel at the speed of 20 miles a second (1200 miles a minute) after getting out of the gravitational pull of the earth and the sun, it will take us 4000 years.
1. Even if we increase the speed of our spacecraft to 200 miles a second (12000 miles per minute) we will need more than 4000 years.

Question 3
When it was found, a French General claimed it as his personal property. Champollion’s work on the Rosetta stone meant that the writing on many ancient Egyptian manuscripts and monuments could be read, and our knowledge of the old civilisation of Egypt was greatly increased. This was done, and the Rosetta stone was taken to England and put in the British Museum, where it still is. The history of the stone is also interesting because it shows the attitude of people and governments to ancient objects in those days. But the British were at war with the French at that time, and when they beat them, they demanded the Rosetta stone and other valuable antiquities should be handed over to them.
Answer:
2. Champollion’s work on the Rosetta stone meant that the writing on many ancient Egyptian manuscripts and monuments could be read, and our knowledge of the old civilisation of Egypt was greatly increased.
4. The history of the stone is also interesting because it shows the attitude of people and governments to ancient objects in those days.
1. When it was found, a French General claimed it as his personal property.
5. But the British were at war with the French at that time, and when they beat them, they demanded the Rosetta stone and other valuable antiquities should be handed over to them.
3. This was done, arid the Rosetta stone was taken to England and put in the British Museum, where it still is.

Study the following paragraph. What type of arrangement does it follow ? Can you rewrite the paragrah by reversing the arrangement ?
The earlitest calendars invented by man were lunar ones,based on the motion of the moon. The Babylonians, for example, had a year of 12 lunar months, which were alternately 29 and 30 days long. Their year was about 11 days short, so they added on extra month every 3 years. This calendar was not accurate over long periods. The Ancient Egyptians established a solar calendar, based on the sun. They split their year of 365 days into 12 months of 30 days, adding 5 days at the end of the year. Next came the early Roman calendar, which was based on the Ancient Egyptian pattern. It altered the number of days in the months to eliminate the extra 5 days.
Answer:
The paragraph follows a time arrangement. Paragraph in reverse order. The earliest calendars were invented by the Romans. Egyptians and the Babylonians. Each of their calendars had a distinct feature. For example, the early Roman calendar changed the number of days in the months to wipe out the extra 5 days; the Egyptians who established solar calendar added 5 days at the end of the year and the Babylonians’ Calendars had 12 lunar months and their year was short of 11 days, and as a result, they added an extra month every 3 years.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 16

Some of these patterns of arrangement can be found in the following paragraphs. Study each of them, underline the topic sentences, and write the principle of arrangement of ideas on the margin.

Question 1
Insecticides are substances toxic* to insects and are used to control them but in some situations they can cause harm to men, domestic animals, or crops. There are three main kinds of insecticides : stomach insecticides which are eaten by the insects along with food, contact insecticides which get into blood through the skin, and fumigant insecticides which the insects breathe in. While all insecticides are harmful, the stomach insecticides are the most harmful, and should be used very carefully. [*toxic = poisonous]
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Insecticides are substances toxic to insects and are used to control them but in some situations they can cause harm to men, domestic animals, or crops.
Sentence 2 :
classification and Exemplification – stomach insecticide eaten by insects, contact insecticides that penetrate blood through skin and fumigant insecticides insects breathe in
Sentence 3 :
Consequence and precaution – stomach insecticides most harmful and need careful use

Question 2.
All the great orators have had a gift for remembering words like that of a musician for remembering music. When Daniel Webster, a famous American orator and dictionary maker was a boy, his teacher held up, one Saturday morning, a shiny new jack-knife and promised it to the boy who would commit the most Bible verses to memory by Monday. Daniel came back on Monday and rattled off seventy verses before the astonished teacher handed him the jack-knife – must to Daniel’s disgust, for he still had several chapters to go.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
All the great orators have had a gift for remembering words like that of a musician for remembering music.
Sentence 2 :
Time and process – the teacher asked the boy to commit the most Bible verses to memory by Monday and promised him the jack-knife
Sentence 3 :
Cause and effect – Daniel rattled off seventy verses before the teacher gave him the jack-knife, but the former was disgusted for not committing several chapters to memory.

Question 3.
If you drink plenty of sea water you will soon be as thirsty and dehydrated as a man in a desert who has nothing to drink at all. This is because sea water cotains about 3.5 per cent minerals, about 1 per cent more than the kidneys can excrete normally with its own resources. Thus, if you drink one litre sea water, the kidneys will need 1.75 litres of water to dilute the minerals in the sea water before they can be excreted. This additional 0.75 litre water is taken from the body cells, and this results in dehydration.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
1f you drink plenty of seawater you will soon be as thirsty and dehydrated as a man in a desert who has nothing to drink at all.
Sentence 2 :
Effect – seawater contains 3.5% minerals, 1% more than kidneys can excrete normally of their own
Sentence 3 :
Exemplification – drinking one-litre sea water kidney needs 1.75 litres of water to dilute the minerals in the sea water before their excretion
Sentence 4 :
Cause and effect – extracting an additional 0.75 litre from body cells resulting in dehydration

Question 4.
Tapioca tubers which form part of the breakfast of a larger number of farmers in Kerala, are like sweet potatoes. The topioca tubers are peeled, boiled and eaten like sweet potatoes. There are, of course, many important differences between them. While sweet potatoes rarely grow more than ten centimetres, long tapioca tubers can grow thirty centimetres. Sweet potatoes have a thin, pink or white skin whereas tapioca tubers have a thin brown skin and under it a thicker, whitish skin.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Tapioca tubers which form part of the breakfast of a larger number of farmers in Kerala, are like sweet potatoes.
Sentence 2 :
Process – tapioca tubers – peeled, boiled and eaten like sweet potatoes
Sentences 3 & 4 :
Important differences between the two – sweet potatoes – short tapioca – long
Sentence :
Comparison – sweet potatoes – a thin, pink or white skin tapioca tubers thin brown skin, a thicker, whitish skin under it

Question 5.
Economics is the social science that studies how limited resources are distributed for unlimited and competing uses. It tries to find out what men and societies do to satisfy their material needs and desires, when the means they have are not enough to fulfil all their material desires.
Answer:
Topic Sentence and Definition :
Economics is the social science that studies how limited resources are distributed for unlimited and competing uses.
Sentence 2 :
Exemplication – a social science that deals with unlimited wants and limited resources of man It studies human behaviour in this respect

Question 6.
Building a good compfire involves a routine which the serious camper learns very early. Before trying to start a fire, the camper prepares a site. He clears an area with a radius of about ten feet to ensure that the fire will not spread. He then gathers the following materials : dry twigs, and some pine and spruce wood. In laying the fire, the camper first makes a small pile of grass in the centre of the fire site. He then stacks twigs in a pyramidal or I tepee shape around the grass. He usually starts the fire with matches, though the experienced camper can also start it by rubbing two sticks together if necessary. As the fire progresses, he adds small sticks of dry pine wood and then larger pieces as the fire spreads out and becomes hotter. When the fire is very hot and is thoroughly established, he adds spruce wood or another ^ long-burning wood if such is available. He takes care to add new wood to the fire stick by stick, for too many pieces assed at one time may put the I fire out or cause a lot of smoke. By following these steps, almost anyone can build a campfire successfully.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Building a good compfire involves a routine which the serious camper learns very early. Before trying to start a fire, the camper prepares a site.
Sentences 2-7:
He clears … smoke clearing the area, gathering I dry tags, and so on
Sentence 8 :
Result Following these steps makes anyone build a successfl campfire

Question 7 .
Man has existed for about a million years. He has possessed writing for about 6000 years, agriculture some what longer, but perhaps not much longer. Science, as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as source of economic technique, for about 150 years. In this brief period it has proved itself an incredibly powerful revolutionary force. When we consider how recently it has risen to power, we find ourselves forced to believe that we are at the very beginning of its work in transforming human life. What its future effects will be is a matter of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may make the conjecture a little less hazardous.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
Science, as a dominant factor in determining the beliefs of educated men, has existed for about 300 years; as source of economic technique, for about 150 years.
Now let us look at the order in which the facts are presented in the paragraphs.
(a) when man appeared on earth : 10,00,000 years ago
(b) when he learnt to write : 600 years ago
(c) when modem science began : 300 years ago
(d) when science began to provide technique : 150 years ago
(e) the future of science
The statements are placed in order of time. This arrangement can be used in explaining a process or in narrative writing.

Question 8
She led me into a cold dark room, rough and very gloomy, although with two candles burning. I took little heed of the things in it, though I marked that the window was open. That which I heeded was an old man, very stem, with death upon his countenance; yet not lying in his bed, but set upright in a chair, with .a loose red cloak thrown over him. Upon this his white hair fell and his pale fingers lay in a ghastly fashion, without a sign of life or movement, or of the power that kept him up; all rigid, calm, relentless. Only in his great black eyes, fixed upon me solemnly, all the poser of his body dwelt, all the life of his soul was burning.
Answer:
Topic Sentence :
She led me into a cold dark room, rough and very gloomy, although with two candles burning.
Let us look at the order in which the facts are presented in the paragraph.
(a) The author’s eye falls upon the ‘cold, dark room’, ‘the candles’, ‘the windows’.
(b) Next he notices the man, his posture (‘stem’, ‘solemnly’, ‘death upon his countenance’), and his dress (loose and cloak)
(c) Then he notices his features : his hair (white) and his fingers (pale).
(d) Finally his most striking eyes in which ‘his soul was burning’. Here the writer follows a spatial arrangement.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Activity 17

Now, using each of the above paragraphs as a model, write a similar paragraph, (the question for each paragraph is meant go guide you in writing a similar paragraph.)

Question 1.
How many types of insecticides does the writer mention ?
Answer:
The writer mentions three types of insecticides.
Task : Now write a similar paragraph based on these hints.
Mineral rock that bums – five kinds
(i) anthracite – hardest and blackest – cleanest – greatest heat
(ii) cannel – less hard, dull black, clean bright flame
(iii) bituminous – less hard, bums easily but lot of dust and smoke
(iv) lignite – brown and moist, not difficult to bum and smoke
(v) peat – brown, : good heat once dried and burned
Answer:
There are five kinds of mineral rocks that bum. The first is anthracite which is the hardest, blackest and cleanest of all. The heat that it gives is the greatest. The second of its kind is cannel which is less hard and its colour is dull black. This burning mineral rock gives clean bright flame. Then there is bituminous which is equally less hard. It bums without any problem, but gives off lot of dust and smoke. The fourth kind of burning mineral rock is ignite which is brown and moist. It is easy to bum and smoke. The last of all is peat which is brown in colour. This mineral once dried and burned gives us good heat.

Question 2.
Why has the writer mentioned the incident from Daniel Webster’s life ? Now write a similar paragraph.
Answer:
The writer has mentioned the incident from Daniel Webster’s life to bring home his talent as an orator. Rames is a musician, but he is endowed with a gift of remembering words like great orators. When he was a boy, his teacher held up, one Monday afternoon a beautiful guitar and promised it to him who would give a lilting tune to his song within three hours. He rose to the occasion and his teacher’s astonishment knew no bounds. He handed the boy the guitar, but the latter was not vexed, for he would have given still a sweeter music to his teacher’s song.

Question 3.
What is the effect of drinking sea water ?
Answer:
Drinking sea water will make a person thirsty and dehydrated at once.
Task : Your cricket team lost the first match of a tournament. As the captain you have to give a report on your failure to the manager. Your paragraph should include lack of discipline, disobedience, lack of cooperation, lack of fitness, injury, lack of good food and proper accommodation as reasons for your losing the match.
Answer:
Unfortunately, Eleven Gun team has lost its first match of the tournament against Cuttack Cricket Club. The captain of the team apprises his manager of the cause of his team’s dismal failure. He attributes lack of discipline, disobedience, lack of co¬operation among players. Besides other factors, such as, lack of players’ fitness, lack of good food and proper accommodation contribute to the team’s debacle.

Question 4.
How is tapioca similar to sweet potatoes ?
Answer:
Tapioca is similar to sweet potatoes in terms of peeling, boiling and eating.
Task : Khaitan fans look similar to Orient fans – 3 blades – instant pick-up – but differences – angle of blades – pushes more air out – uses less power – double ball bearings – smooth and noiseless.
Answer:
Khaitan fans look similar to Orient fans with three blades and instant pick¬up. But there are glancing differences between the two. They have dissimilar angle of blades. Khaitan fan pushes more air out, uses less power. It has double ball bearings. Above all, it is smoother and natural. People understandably prefer Khaitan fans to Orient ones.

Question 5.
What is Economics ?
Answer:
Economics, a social science, deals with how limited resources are distributed for unlimited and competing uses.
Task : Lie detector doesn’t detect lies – detects emotional changes, catches in breath,blood pressure, pulse rate etc. – suspect’s connection with wife – answer questions – some innocent questions – some important questions at unexpected moments.
Answer:
Lie detector doesn’t detect lies. Instead, it detects a person’s emotional changes. It catches in his breath. Not only does it know his blood pressure and pulse rate, but also it studies his body language to the core. It finds the person in a very unpleasant mood by asking him some unexpected and unnatural questions, such as his relation with other women, etc. At times, a lie detector asks him some innocent questions such as the rationale behind his childish simplicity and so on. It also wants to detect his dreams, hopes and aspirations at a time when he is not ready to answer them because of some unavoidable circumstances.

Question 6.
What should a camper do to make a camp-fire ?
Answer:
A camper should prepare a site before starting a camp fire and then follows several steps beginning from gathering twigs to adding new wood to the fire stick by stick for the purpose.
Task : Write a paragraph on how to make a paper plane or a paper boat.
Answer:
Making a paper boat involves some steps. At first, we take a piece of paper. It should be of a standard size. Then we fold it in a manner that resembles a boat. We never cut the piece of paper. While folding the paper we see that its bottom becomes hollow, the middle portion is elevated a little and two sides look like those of a boat.

Question 7.
What are the first and last sentences of the paragraph ? What do the middle sentences say ?
Answer:
First sentence : Man has existed for about a million years.
Last sentence : What its future effects will be is a matter of conjecture, but possibly a study of its effects hitherto may take the conjecture a little less hazards. The middle sentences throw light on the dominance of science, though it has existed for about 300 years.
Task : A handful of important inventions have changed the course of the world – fire – copper – iron – steam – petrol – electricity. Write a paragraph on these important inventions.
Answer:
A handful of important inventions such as, fire, copper, iron, steam, petrol and electricity have changed the course of the world. Before the advent of fire, man didn’t how to cook food. With its emergence, he cooked his food. Other inventions have led to the industrial revolution. It resulted in machine civilisation. Electricity was the most important invention. Thanks to it, the age of machine started. Iron is instrumental in the construction of houses. Numerous necessary materials are made from it. These inventions made the world small and enhanced the people’s standard of life.

Question 8.
What does the writer see first ? What does he observe next ?
Answer:
The writer first sees ‘the cold, dark room’, ‘the candles’, ‘the windows’. Next he observes an old man, his posture and dress.
Task : Describe your classroom.
Answer:
My classroom is 35′ x 32′ in size. It has two doors on the same side. One door is at the beginning of the room and the other one is at the end of the room. Just opposite to the wall of doors there are four windows, each at a distance of 8′. Our classroom is on the first floor. We have double desks in the classroom. There is one rolling blackboard quite big and black.

There is a huge table called the teacher’s table and well-cushioned chair for the teacher. The classroom is decorated with charts and maps. It is kept clean and nothing is left on the floor. There are three electric fans each at a distance of eleven feet from the other. There are three shelves in our classroom. Last though not the least, it always looks beautiful.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Additional Question On Paragraph With Answers

Question 1.
Each group of sentences below belong to a paragraph, but they are not in proper order. Rewrite them in their correct order to form a coherent paragraph. On fullmoon day people flock to Agra to feast their eyes on this exquisite building which presents to their eyes a blend of beauty and poetry. They remember Shah Jahan, wo erected this monument to love and dedicated it to the memory of his queen, Mumtaz. Tourists who return from India carry indelible memories of their visit to Agra, the city of the Taj Mahal. They remember the glory of the Moghul Empire. Taj Mahal by moonlight is one of the most beautiful sights in the world.
Answer:
Tourists who return from India carry indelible memories of their visit to Agra, the city of the Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal by moonlight is one of the most beautiful sights in the world. On fullmoon day people flock to Agra to feast their eyes on this exquisite building which presents to their eyes a blend of beauty and poetry. They remember the glory of the Moghul Empire. They remember Shah Jahan, wo erected this monument to love and dedicated it to the memory of his queen, Mumtaz.

Question 2.
Write the following paragraph and point out its topic sentence. Making ropes is one of the oldest trades in the world we know that people made ropes more than 5,000 years ago because we have found pieces of rope in very old Egyptian tombs. They made some of these from the hair of camels. They have made others from twisted glass. People use them for tying animals for getting water from deep wells and for pulling large stones which they used in buildings. We have found too, ropes were made of thin copper wire in the city of Pompeii, which a volcano destroyed a little less than 2,000 years ago.
Answer:
Topic sentence:
Making ropes is one of the oldest trades in the world.

Question 3.
Complete the following paragraph by filling in each blank with the right connectives from the list. In addition, for instance, probably, or, because ___________ the most terrible example of superstitions is the belief in witchcraft. In Western Europe, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, three-quarters of a million people were killed, mostly after being tortured, ___________ they were found guilty of witchcraft something for which today we can find no scientific evidence. When people give reasons for persecuting others, we ought to be very sure that their reasons are not merely superstitions, ___________ based on false principles __________ even the civilised nations today, many actions take place and laws are made on the basis of principles which are just as much unproved assumptions as we many of these of the philosophies of the middle ages. ____________ by nature, it is often held as a principle that white people are superior to people of other colours.
Answer:
probably, because, or, in addition, for instance.

Question 4.
What is wrong in the following paragraph?
It is a matter of surprise, a very great surprise indeed, that when we are about to enter the twenty-first century, some of us still believe in superstitions and in the superiority of one set of people over another. For example, some of the whites of South Africa firmly believe that as a race, they are infinite to the block or the Broncos. Mahatma Gandhi fought all through his life for the unity of Hindus and Muslims.
Answer:
The above paragraph is wrong because the last sentence does not match its context.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Writing a Paragraph

Question 5.
Re-arrange the sentences in the following paragraph so as to make them meaningful. Indicate the sequences of sentences by their numbers.
1. The rocky material carried by a river is called its load.
2. A river carries its load by rolling the rocks and large stones along its bed, while the finer rock pieces are carried by the water.
3. The river wears away the surface of the land over which it flows.
4. As it is pulled along, the load is slowly broken up into smaller and smaller pieces.
5. The load which a river carries rubs against the sides and the bed or the floor of the river and wears them away.
Answer:
3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Textbook Exercise questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Exercise 9(j)

Evaluate the following Integrals.
Question 1.
(i) \(\int_{-2}^3\)x4 dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(1)

(ii) \(\int_0^1 x^{\frac{1}{3}}\) dx
Solution:
\(\int_0^1 x^{\frac{1}{3}}\) dx = \(\left[\frac{x^{\frac{4}{3}}}{\frac{4}{3}}\right]_0^1\) = \frac{3}{4}\(\)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

(iii) \(\int_1^4 \frac{d x}{\sqrt{x}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(3)

(iv) \(\int_1^3 \frac{d x}{x^3}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(4)

(v) \(\int_1^2\left(4 x+\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{3}}}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(5)

(vi) \(\int_{-1}^2\)(2x + 1)(x – 2) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(6)

(vii) \(\int_0^1\)(x + 1)4 dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(7)

(viii) \(\int_0^1 x^7\left(1+x^8\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(8)

(ix) \(\int_1^4 \frac{x^2-3 x+5}{\sqrt{x}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(9)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

(x) \(\int_1^4 \frac{(x+2)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.1(10)

Question 2.
(i) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)(cos x – sin x) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(1)

(ii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos 2x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(2)

(iii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\)tan2 x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^\pi 3 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \frac{x}{2}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(4)

(v) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\)sin 2x cos x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(5)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

(vi) \(\int_{\frac{\pi}{6}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1+\cos 2 x}{1-\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(6)

(vii) \(\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)cos x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(7)

(viii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\) cos2 2x sin3 4x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.2(8)

Question 3.
(i) \(\int_1^2\)e4x+1 dx
Solution:
\(\int_1^2\)e4x+1 dx = \(\left[\frac{e^{4 x+1}}{4}\right]_1^2\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\){e9 – e5}

(ii) \(\int_0^2\)3x+2 dx
Solution:
\(\int_0^2\)3x+2 dx = \(\left[\frac{3^{x+2}}{\ln 3}\right]_0^2\) = \(\frac{1}{\ln 3}\){34 – 32} = \(\frac{72}{\ln 3}\)

(iii) \(\int_0^1\)cos h 2x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.3(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^1 \frac{e^x-e^{-x}}{e^x+e^{-x}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.3(4)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

(v) \(\int_0^2 x^2 e^{x^3}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.3(5)

Question 4.
(i) \(\int_0^1 \frac{d x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.4(1)

(ii) \(\int_{\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}^2 \frac{d x}{x \sqrt{x^2-1}}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.4(2)

(iii) \(\int_0^{\sqrt{3}} \frac{d x}{1+x^2}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.4(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^{\ln 2} \frac{d x}{\sqrt{e^{2 x}-1}}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.4(4)

Question 5.
(i) \(\int_0^1 \frac{d x}{3 x+2}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.5(1)

(ii) \(\int_0^4 \frac{d x}{\sqrt{x^2+9}}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.5(2)

(iii) \(\int_2^3 \frac{d x}{\sqrt{x^2-2}}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.5(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^4 \sqrt{x^2+9}\) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.5(4)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

Question 6.
(i) \(\int_{-2}^1\)(|x| + x) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.6(1)

(ii) \(\int_2^5\)[x] dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.6(2)

(iii) \(\int_0^{\frac{3}{2}}\)[2x] dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.6(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^2\)[x2] dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.6(4)

Question 7.
(i) \(\int_1^2\)ex . (x + 1) dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(1)

(ii) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\)x sin x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(2)

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j)

(iii) \(\int_1^2\)x log x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(3)

(iv) \(\int_0^1\)x tan-1 x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(4)

(v) \(\int_0^1 \frac{x d x}{(2x+1)(x+1)}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(5)

(vi) \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\cos x d x}{(\sin x+1)(\sin x+2)}\)
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(6)

(vii) \(\int_\theta^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\)ex cos x dx
Solution:
CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(j) Q.7(7)

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Open Window Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – I

Gist:
Mr. Nuttel and Vera are introduced and an immediate impression is given of Vera’s calmness and Mr. Nuttel’s nervousness. Mr. Framton Nuttel needs a rest because of overworking. Therefore, he has come to stay in a country village. Following a suggestion of his sister he has called on Mrs. Sappleton.

He is greeted by her niece Vera, a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen. She asks Nuttel if he knows many of the people round there. He says that he hardly knows anyone. His sister was staying there at the rectory some four years ago. Vera now invents a story and narrates it to Nuttel. She refers to her aunt’s tragedy that had occurred just three years ago. She draws his attention to the open window through which her husband and two young brothers set out for their day’s shooting.

They never came back. They were lost in a marsh having hidden dangers. It was a dreadful wet summer. Their bodies were never recovered. Here Vera’s voice undergoes a change. She narrates that her aunt always thinks that they will return someday. The little brown spaniel that was lost with them will also walk in at that window. Therefore, the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Vera stops narrating the story when she sees Mrs. Sappleton comes in.

Glossary:
presently : soon (ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ)
self possessed : calm and confident (ଶାନ୍ତ ଏବଂ ଆତ୍ମବିଶ୍ୱାସୀ)
endeavoured : tried (ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲା)
flatter: praise highly with a motive (ଏକ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ସହିତ ଉଚ୍ଚ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କର)
formal: conventional (ପାରମ୍ପରିକ)
nerve cure: getting rid of the feeling of nervousness (ସ୍ନାୟୁ ଉପଶମ)
migrate: move from one place to another (ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତୁ)
rural retreat : a place of refuge : a safe and quiet or secluded place in a countryside (ଆଶ୍ରୟସ୍ଥଳ)
put up with : endure (ସହ୍ୟ କର)
discounting : disregarding (ଅବହେଳା)
moping : passing (time) in a dull state of mind (ଏକ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ (ସମୟ) ମନ ର ସ୍ତିତି)
nice division : ageable type of hosts (ବୟୋଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠ ପ୍ରକାରର ହୋଷ୍ଟ)
communion : sharing of thoughts (ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ବାଣ୍ଟିବା)
rectory : a house where the rector (priest) of a church lives ଏକ ଘର ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଏକ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚର ରେକ୍ଟର (ପୁରୋହିତ) ରୁହନ୍ତି
caller : one who has visited (ଯିଏ ପରିଦର୍ଶନ କରିଛନ୍ତି)
undefinable : vague (ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ)
masculine habitation : the dwelling of men (ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ବାସସ୍ଥାନ)
out of place : irrelevant (ଅପ୍ରାସଙ୍ଗିକ)
three years today : exactly three years ago (ଠିକ୍ ତିନି ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ)
engulfed : covered over (ଆଚ୍ଛାଦିତ)
treacherous bog : a marsh having hidden dangers (ବିଶ୍ୱାସଘାତକ)
falteringly : in broken voice (ଭଙ୍ଗା ସ୍ୱରରେ)
spaniel : breed of dog with large ears which hang down (ସ୍ପାନିଏଲ୍)
dreadful : horrible (ଭୟଙ୍କର)
gave way : changed (ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ)
moor : open and uncultivated land (ଖୋଲା ଏବଂ ଅଣସଂରକ୍ଷିତ ଜମି)
snipe : one kind of bird (ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ପକ୍ଷୀ)
French window: a long window having two sashes hinged at sides and opening in the middle (ଫରାସୀ ୱିଣ୍ଡୋ)
tease : make fun of in a playful way (ଏକ ଖେଳାତ୍ମକ ଉପାୟରେ ପରିହାସ କର)
creepy : gloomy (ଉଦାସ)
got on her nerves : disturbed her (ତାଙ୍କୁ ବିଚଳିତ କଲା)
broke off : stopped suddenly (ହଠାତ୍ ଅଟକି ଗଲା)
shadder : shake (ହଲେଇବା)
bustled : moved busily (ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ଗତି କଲା)

Think it out:

Question 1.
Why did Nuttel visit Mrs. Sappieton?
Answer:
Mr. Framton Nuttel was reeling under nervous break-down. He was ailing. The doctor advised him rest. For him change of place was the need of the hour. The doctor instructed him to get rid of mental excitement and violent physical exercise. Therefore, Framton Nuttel called on Mrs. Sappieton, a friend of his sister, with letters of introduction.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

Question 2.
What did the young lady say about her aunt’s tragedy to Nuttel?
Answer:
According to Vera, her aunt’s greatest tragedy happened just three years ago. It was a dreadful wet summer. Mrs. Sappleton’s husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting. They never came back. While crossing the moor to their favourite snipe-shotting ground, they were engulfed in the treacherous piece of wet, spongy ground. Their bodies could not be traced. The little spaniel was also lost with them. Her poor aunt always hoped that they would come back one day.

Unit – II

Gist:
Mrs. Sappleton talks cheerfully about her husband and her brothers. She is sure that her husband and her brothers will come home directly from shooting. She rattles on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds. To Framton it is all purely horrible. He makes a vain endeavour to turn the talk on to a less ghastly topic. He is conscious of his hostess’s scant attention towards him. Her eyes are focused on the open window and the lawn beyond.

Framton announces that the doctors have advised him complete rest. He should be free from mental excitement and violent physical exercise. Mrs. Sappleton did not pay any heed to Framton’s words. Her voice changes at the last moment. It seems as if her husband and her two younger brothers were returning from a muddy grave. Framton shivers slightly and turns towards the niece. Vera is horrified. She is staring through the open window.

Framton is filled with nameless fear. He sees the three men with guns under their arms coming towards the house followed by a tired brown spaniel. Silently they come near the house. Wildly seizing his hat and stick, he runs out through the front door and the gate. Mrs. Sappleton thinks that Mr. Framton Nuttel is a very strange fellow. Vera again makes up a plausible story about his fear of dogs. Romance at short notice is Vera’s speciality.

Glossary:
briskly: quickly, actively (ତୀବ୍ର ଭାବରେ)
marshes: a tract of wet and soft land (ଓଦା ଏବଂ କୋମଳ ଜମିର ଏକ ଟ୍ରାକ୍ଟ)
mess: disorder (ବିଶୃଙ୍ଖଳା)
rattled on: spoke continuously and in a lively way (ନିରନ୍ତର ଏବଂ ଜୀବନ୍ତ କଥା ହେଲା)
to turn the talk: to change the talk (କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିବାକୁ)
desperate: vain (ବୃଥା)
ghastly: dreadful (ଭୟଭୀତ)
a fragment of her attention: Mrs. Sappleton was taking little notice of Framton Nuttel’s words (ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲେଟନ୍ ଫ୍ରାମଟନ୍ ନଟେଲଙ୍କ କଥା ଉପରେ ଅଳ୍ପ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେଉଥିଲେ)
tragic anniversary: the annual date of the sad event (ବିଷାଦମୟ ଘଟଣାର ବାର୍ଷିକ ତାରିଖ)
violent: (here) hard (ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ)
delusion: false belief (ମିଥ୍ୟା ବିଶ୍ୱାସ)
prospects: the probabilities of gain (ଧନଲାଭର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ରହିଛି)
scarcity: shortage (ଅଭାବ)
straying: wandering (ଚଳଚଞ୍ଚଳ)
infirmities: diseases (ରୋଗ)
yawn: open the mouth as when bored (ପାଟିକୁ ଯେତିକି ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ, ବୋର୍ ହେବା ସମୟରେ ସେତିକି ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ)
dazed horror: fear which makes one incapable of thinking (ବିସ୍ମିତ ବିଭୀଷିକା)
swung: turned (ମୋଡ଼ା ଯାଇଥିବା)
hoarse: rough (ରୁକ୍ଷ)
chanted: sang (ସଙ୍ଗ୍)
grabbed at: took hastily (ତରବରିଆ ଭାବରେ)
gravel-drive: a private road paved with small pebbles (ଗ୍ରାଭେଲ୍-ଡ୍ରାଇଭ୍)
headlong retreat: hasty return (ତରବରିଆ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ)
imminent: ready to take place (ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହୋଇ ରହିଥାନ୍ତି)
collision: clash (ମୁହାଁମୁହିଁ ହେବା)
mackintosh: a rain coat, so called after the name of the inventor Charles Macintosh (ମ୍ୟାକିନ୍ଟଶ)
bolted: dashed away (ଦୂରକୁ ଚାଲିଗଲା)
dashed off : ran quickly (ଶୀଘ୍ର ଦୌଡ଼ିବା)
ghost: the spirit of a dead person (ମୃତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମା)
cemetery: a burial ground (ଏକ ସମାଧି ସ୍ଥଳ)
pariah dogs: stray unclaimed dogs (ଅଜଣା କୁକୁରଙ୍କ ଉପଦ୍ରବ)
snarling: growling (ବର୍ଦ୍ଧମାନ)

Think it out:

Question 1.
What did Mrs. Sappleton say about her husband and brothers to Mr. Nuttel?
Answer:
Mrs. Sappleton said that her husband and brothers would come home directly from shooting, and they always came in through the open window. They had been out for snipe in the marshes that day. She talked merrily about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

Question 2.
How did Mr. Nuttel react to her?
Answer:
A man of nervous disposition as he was, Framton felt ill at ease to listen only to Mrs. Sappleton’s strange story of her husband and brothers. Vera had already told her the story of the open window. He knew that Mrs. Sappleton took little notice of him and her eyes were constantly directed towards the open window. As a result, Mrs. Sappleton’s story of her husband and brothers was purely horrible to him. He made a vain effort to switch over to other topic. It was an unfortunate coincidence that he had paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.

Question 3.
Why did Mr. Nuttel leave Mrs. Sappleton’s house in a hurry?
Answer:
The hunting party that comprised Mrs. Sappleton’s husband and her brothers and their spaniel really returned in the dim light of the afternoon. They were walking across the lawn towards the window. They all carried guns under their arms. One of them had a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel closely followed the three figures. They neared the house silently. As soon as Nuttel saw them, he was horrified at the thought that they were ghosts of the dead. Therefore, he left Mrs. Sappleton’s house in a hurry.

Question 4.
How did Vera explain the cause of Nuttel’s sudden disappearance?
Answer:
When the hunting party and their spaniel really returned in the dim light of the afternoon, poor Nuttel was horrified at the thought that they were the ghosts of the dead and suddenly left that place. Vera calmly invented another story to explain Mrs. Nuttel’s sudden departure. She explained that the poor fellow was terribly afraid of dogs for he had once been chased by a group of stray dogs on the banks of the Ganges and he was forced to spend one whole night in a gravel.

Question 5.
How does Vera create romance at short notice in the story?
Answer:
Vera is capable of inventing stories from her own mind on any person or situation within a few seconds. When she knows that Mr. Nuttel is a stranger to the family, she invents a story on the open window of the house and narrates it to Mr. Framton Nuttel. That story makes Nuttel terrified. When Nuttel runs away from the house at the moment of return of Mrs. Sappleton’s husband and her two brothers considering them ghosts, Vera, justifies it by telling another story to Mrs. Sappleton. This proves that ‘romance at short notice’ is Vera’s speciality.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English The Open Window Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.
“My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,” said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; “in the meantime you must try and put up with me.”
Framton Nuttel endeavored to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.
“I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; “you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.”
Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction came into the nice division.
“Do you know many of the people round here ?” asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.
“Hardly a soul,” said Framton. “My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.”
He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.
“Then you know practically nothing about my aunt ?” pursued the self possessed young lady.
“Only her name and address,” admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An undefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.
“Her great tragedy happened just three years ago,” said the child; “that would be since your sister’s time.”
“Her tragedy ?” asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place.
“You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon,” said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn.
“It is quite warm for the time of the year,” said Framton; “but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?”
“Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favorite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.” Here the child’s voice lost its self-possessed note and became flateringly human. “Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing ‘Bertie, why do you bound?’ as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.

Questions :
(i) What light does the extract throw on the character of Vera?
(ii) What do you know about Mrs. Sappleton as outlined in the extract?

Answers:
(i) The story, ‘The Open Window’ is built around Vera. She is young. She is fifteen. She is cool, confident and composed. She is a fascinating entertainer. She treats Framton Nuttel well. She is a picture of confidence. She handles a nervous person like Framton quite amicably. She has a flair for inventing plausibe stories. She sees the open window and quickly decides to tell him a story.
(ii) Mrs. Sappleton is Vera’s aunt. She is known to Nuttel’s sister. At the suggestion of his sister, he had called on Mrs. Sappleton, but her absence surprises him. He wonders whether Mrs. Sappleton is in the married state or the widowed state. According to Vera’s description, Mrs. Sappleton never sees the dark side of life. She is exceedingly optimistic. She is convinced that her husband and two brothers will come back one day. They had gone for shooting through the window three years ago and never came back. But still she has not given up hope. She has not lost her heart.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

Introducing the Author:
Saki was the pseudonym of Hector Hugo Munro. He was born in Burma, where his father was a police officer, but as his mother died when he was still an infant, he was brought up by his aunts in England where he was educated. At 23 he became an officer in the Burma Police, but returned to England and began working as a journalist. He assumed the name ‘Saki’, the name of the cup-bearer in Omar Rubaiyat and began to write novels and short stories under this pen name. It is his short stories that have earned him his reputation as a writer. They are published in four volumes – Reginald, Reginald in Russia, The Chronicles of Clovis, Beasts and Super-beasts. In 1914 he joined the army and fought for his country. He was killed in action in 1916 in France shot through the head while resting in a narrow crater and thus joined the list of great English writers who lost their lives in the First World War.

About the Story:
A self-possessed young lady of fifteen receives a nervous young man called Nuttel in the short absence of her aunt. After ascertaining that the young man knows nothing about her aunt, the young lady coolly invents the story of her aunt’s husband and her brother’s death in a spine-hunting expedition and her aunt’s belief that they will come in through the open window. Mr. Nuttel listens to the story with rapt attention. The young lady also invents another story to explain Mr. Nuttel’s sudden departure.

Summary:
Vera cool, confident, composed young lady of fifteen receives a nervous young man called Nuttel in the short absence of her aunt. He is in need of rest and as a result of over-exertion, he visits the house of Mrs. Sappleton, a friend of his sister. Vera finds that Mr. Nuttel is a stranger and knows very little about Mrs. Sappleton’s family. She understands his feelings well and gives him an excellent company. She entertains Mr. Nuttel by inventing a story.

Vera sees the open window and quickly decides to tell him a story about it. She tells him that it is the anniversary of that dreadful day when her aunt’s husband and her two young brothers had died. They had gone for their day’s shooting. They were engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. They never came back. It had been the dreadful wet summer. Their bodies were never recovered. Here Vera’s voice lost its confident note and trembled with human emotion. Her aunt often told how they went out, her husband with his white water-proof coat over his arm, and Ronnie her youngest brother.

Vera stops suddenly in the middle of her speech at the sight of her aunt Mrs. Sappleton. She enters the room with a whirl of apologies, for being late. Her presence is a relief to Framton. Mrs. Sappleton expects them not to mind the open window. She says briskly that her husband and brothers will come back home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They have been out for birds in the marshes that day. There is no end to her lively talk about the shooting, the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Mr. Framton Nuttel, it is all purely horrible to listen. He makes a vain effort to change the topic. He feels that his hostess is taking a little notice of him. Instead, her eyes are constantly directed towards the open window. It is an unfortunate coincidence that he has called on her on this tragic anniversary.

He had come there only on the advice of the doctor. All on a sudden, Mrs. Sappleton becomes alert. The hunting party and their spaniel really return in the dim light of the afternoon. Nuttel is horrified at the thought that they are the ghosts of the dead and he bolts away in an unceremonious hurry. And the young lady invents another story to explain Mr. Nuttel’s sudden departure. The poor fellow is terribly afraid of dogs for he had been once chased by a group of stray dogs on the banks of the Ganges and he was forced to spend one whole night in a grave. Romance at short notice is Vera’s speciality.

ସାରାଂଶ :

ଶାନ୍ତ ସ୍ଵଭାବବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଓ ଆତ୍ମପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ତରୁଣୀ ହେଉଛି ଭେରା । ତା’ର ବୟସ ହେଉଛି ମାତ୍ର ୧୫ ବର୍ଷ । ଥରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଖୁଡ଼ୀ ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟଟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଅନୁପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍ ନାମକ ଜଣେ ଯୁବକ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଶ୍ରାନ୍ତକ୍ଲାନ୍ତ ହୋଇ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନେବା ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଘରେ ଆସି ଉପସ୍ଥିତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ଭଉଣୀ ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟଟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ସହ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପରିଚିତ । ଉଭୟଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ ଘନିଷ୍ଠତା ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଛି । ଭେରା ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛି, ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ ଜଣେ ଅପରିଚିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି । ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପରିବାର ବିଷୟରେ ସେ ବିଶେଷ କିଛି ଜାଣନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଦରକାର । ତେଣୁ ଭଉଣୀଙ୍କ ପରାମର୍ଶକ୍ରମେ ସେ ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଗ୍ରାମ୍ୟ-ଗୃହରେ କେବଳ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନେବାକୁ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି । ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ମନର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଜାଣିପାରି ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଘରେ ଆଶ୍ରୟ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ଓ ନିଜର ସାନିଧ୍ୟ ଦେଇ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଆପ୍ୟାୟିତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ମନରୁ ଗୋଟାଏ କାହାଣୀ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରି ତାଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଣାଇଛନ୍ତି ।

ଯେଉଁ କକ୍ଷରେ ସେମାନେ ଆଳାପରତ, ତାହାର ଗୋଟାଏ ଝରକା ଖୋଲା ରହିଛି। ସେହି ଖୋଲା ଝରକା ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟାଏ କାହାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇଦେବାକୁ ଭେରା ମନସ୍ଥ କରିଛି । କାହାଣୀଟିର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇ ସେ କହିଛି – ‘‘ଆଜି ହେଉଛି ସେହି ଭୟାବହ ଦିନର ଏକବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ତ୍ତି । ଠିକ୍ ଆଜିର ଦିନରେ ମୋର ଖୁଡ଼ୀଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵାମୀ ଓ ତାଙ୍କର ଦୁଇଜଣ ତରୁଣ ଭାଇଙ୍କର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଘଟିଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ଶିକାର କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ଜଙ୍ଗଲ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟାଏ କାଦୁଆ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ସ୍ଥାନ ଥିଲା । ସେଥିରେ ପୂରି ରହିଥିଲା ତରଳ ପଙ୍କ । ଉପରୁ ତାହାର କୌଣସି ସୂଚନା ପଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ ଡୁବିଯାଇ ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲା । ସେହି ପଙ୍କ ଭିତରେ ସେହି ଶିକାରୀ ଦଳ ମଧ୍ୟ ସମାଧି ନେଇଥିଲେ । ତା’ ପରଠାରୁ ସେମାନେ ଆଉ ଫେରି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଥିଲା ଏକ ଭୟାବହ ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମକାଳର ଘଟଣା । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମୃତଦେହକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ କୌଣସି ଉପାୟରେ ସେହି ଗର୍ଭରୁ ବାହାର କରାଯାଇ ପାରିନଥିଲା ।’’ ଏତିକି କହି ଭେରାର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵରରୁ ହଜିଯାଇଛି ଆତ୍ମପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟର ଚିହ୍ନ – ତାହା ମାନବିକ କୋମଳ ଭାବାବେଗରେ କମ୍ପିତ ହୋଇଉଠିଛି । ଭେରା ତା’ ଖୁଡ଼ୀଙ୍କ ମୁହଁରୁ ଶୁଣିଛି, ଶିକାର କରିବାକୁ ଗଲାଦିନ ତା’ ସ୍ଵାମୀ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରଶସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ସଜ୍ଜିତ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ସାନକକା ପିନ୍ଧିଥିଲେ ଧଳାରଙ୍ଗର ୱାଟର୍ ପ୍ରୁଫ୍-କନାର କୋଟ୍ ।

ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାର ମଝିରେ ହଠାତ୍‌ ଭେରା ଅଟକି ଯାଇଛି । କାରଣ ତା’ ଖୁଡ଼ୀ ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟଟନ୍ ଠିକ୍ ସେତିକିବେଳେ ସେଠାରେ ଉପସ୍ଥିତ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି । ବିଳମ୍ବ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ନିଜର ତ୍ରୁଟି ପାଇଁ ବହୁ କ୍ଷମାଭିକ୍ଷା କରି ସେ କକ୍ଷ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କର ଉପସ୍ଥିତି ମି. ଫ୍ରାଫ୍‌ଟନ୍‌ ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଆଶ୍ବସ୍ତିର କାରଣ ହୋଇଛି । ଉନ୍ମୁକ୍ତ ବାତାୟନ ବିଷୟରେ ସଚେତନ ନ ହେବାକୁ ସେ ଦୁଇଜଣଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକ ସୂଚନା ଦେଇ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି, ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵାମୀ ଓ ଦୁଇଭାଇ ଏହି ଝରକା ଦେଇ ସର୍ବଦା ଶିକାର କରିବାକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ଓ ସେହିବାଟେ ମଧ୍ଯ ଫେରି ଆସନ୍ତି । ଏଣୁ ଶିକାର ପରେ ସେମାନେ ସେହି ଝରକାବାଟେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରିବେ ବୋଲି ସେ ତାକୁ ଉନ୍ମୁକ୍ତ ରଖୁଛନ୍ତି । ଆଜି ମଧ୍ୟ ସେମାନେ ଜଳପୂର୍ଣ ନିମ୍ନଭୂମିରେ ପକ୍ଷୀ ଶିକାର କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କର ଗପର ଯେପରି ଅନ୍ତ ନାହିଁ । ସେ ଶିକାର, ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛତା ଏବଂ ଜଳାଶୟ ଭୂମିରେ ବତକ ମିଳିବାର ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ସମ୍ଭାବନା ବିଷୟରେ ଗଳ୍ପ କରି ଚାଲିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସେଗୁଡ଼ା ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଭଲ ଲାଗୁନଥାଏ। କାରଣ ସେ ସବୁଥରେ ଭରି ରହିଛି ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭୟାବହ ଚିତ୍ର । ଗଳ୍ପର ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ କରିଦେବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ମାତ୍ର ତାଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍ୟମ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥ ଧାରଣା ତାଙ୍କ ମନରେ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଛି । ଏହା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ତାଙ୍କର ଆଖ୍ ସିଧାସଳଖ ବାରମ୍ବାର ସେହି ଖୋଲା ଝରକା ଉପରେ ବୁଲିଆସୁଛି । ସେହି ଦୁଃଖଦ ଘଟଣାର ବର୍ଷ-ପୂର୍ତ୍ତି ଦିନରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ସାକ୍ଷାତ କରିବା ଘଟଣାକୁ ଏକ ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟଜନକ ଆକସ୍ମିକ ଯୋଗସୂତ୍ର ବୋଲି ମନରେ ଭାବୁଥାଆନ୍ତି । କେବଳ ଡାକ୍ତରଙ୍କ ପରାମର୍ଶକ୍ରମେ ଜଳବାୟୁର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କର ସେ ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଆଗମନ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ତା’ ବ୍ୟତୀତ, ଏଠାକୁ ଆଗମନର ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି କାରଣ ହିଁ ନ ଥିଲା ।

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 3 The Open Window

ହଠାତ୍ ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟଟନ୍‌ ସତର୍କ ହୋଇଗଲେ । କାରଣ ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଇଲେ, ଅପରାହ୍ନର ସେହି ମ୍ଳାନ ଆଲୋକରେ ଶିକାରୀଦଳ ତାଙ୍କ ଶିକାରୀ କୁକୁର ସହିତ ଫେରି ଆସିଛନ୍ତି । ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ଭିତରେ ସେମାନେ ସେହି ମୁକ୍ତ ବାତାୟନ ଦେଇ କକ୍ଷ ଭିତରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବେ । ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍ ତାହା ଶୁଣି ଭୟଭୀତ ହୋଇଗଲେ । କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କ ଆଖୁରେ ସେମାନେ ଥିଲେ ମୃତପ୍ରାଣୀମାନଙ୍କର ଭୂତ । ଏଣୁ ସେ କୌଣସି ଲୌକିକତା ରକ୍ଷା ନ କରି ଉନ୍ମାଦଙ୍କ ପରି ସେହି କକ୍ଷରୁ ଝଡ଼ ବେଗରେ ନିଶ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍‌ଙ୍କ ସେହି ଆଶୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ଥାନର କାରଣ ଦର୍ଶାଇବାକୁ ଯାଇ ଭେରା ଆଉ ଗୋଟିଏ ନୂତନ କାହାଣୀ ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରି ଶ୍ରୀମତୀ ସାପଲ୍ଟଟନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଣାଇଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ବିଚାରା ମି. ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍ କୁକୁରମାନଙ୍କୁ ଭୀଷଣ ଭୟ କରନ୍ତି । କାରଣ ଏକଦା ଦଳେ ବୁଲାକୁକୁର ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗଙ୍ଗା କୂଳକୁ ତଡ଼ିନେଇ ଯାଇଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ରାତ୍ରି ସମୟ । ବିଚରା ନ୍ୟୁଟେଲ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟାଏ କବର ଭିତରେ ଲୁଚିରହି ସାରାରାତି ବିତାଇବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

Odisha State Board  BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. दो-तीन बाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए:
(ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ବାକେଁ ମେଁ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଦୀଜିଏ )।
(ଦୁଇ – ତିନୋଟି ବାହାରେ ଡତ୍ତର ତିଥ)
(क) बिना सोच और विचार के काम करने से क्या नतीजा होता है ?
ବିନା ସୋଚ୍ ଔର୍ ବିଚାର୍ କେ କାମ୍ କରନେ ସେ କ୍ୟା ନତୀଜା ହୋତା ହୈ ?
(ବିନା ଚିନ୍ତା ଓ ବିଚାରରେ କାମ କରିବାଦ୍ୱାରା କ’ଣ ପରିଣାମ ହେବ ?)
उत्तर:
बिना सोच और विचार के काम करने से काम बिगड़जाता है। उसे बाद में पछताना पड़ता है। संसार में वह हँसी का पात्र बनता है। मानसिक रूप से अशान्ति, खान-पान और मान-सम्मान अच्छे नहीं लगने के साथ मूल्यवान समय बवीद हो जाता है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

2. एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए:
(ଏକ୍ଯା ୟ ଦୋ ବାକେଁ ମେଁ ଡତ୍ତର୍ ବାଜଏ)।
(ଗୋଟିଏ ବା ଦୁଇଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅ : )
(क) कौन पीछे पछताता है?
(କୌନ୍ ପିଛେ ପଛେତତା ହୈ ?)
(କିଏ ପଛରେ ଅନୁତାପ କରେ ?)
उत्तर:
जो व्यक्ति बिना सोच विचार से काम में लग जाता है, वह बाद में पछताता है।

(ख) जगत में किसकी हँसी होती है?
(ଜଗତ୍ ମେଁ କିସ୍‌ ହଁସୀ ହୋତୀ ହୈ ?)
(ସଂସାରରେ (କିଏ ସେ) କାହାକୁ ହସରେ ଉଡ଼ାନ୍ତି ?)
उत्तर:
जिस आदमी का काम बिगड़ जाता उसकी जगत में हँसी

(ग) कौन अपना काम बिगाड़ता है?
(କୌନ୍ ଅପ୍‌ନା କାମ୍ ବିଗାଡ଼ତା ହୈ ?)
(କିଏ ନିଜର କାମ ବିଗାଡ଼େ । ବ୍ୟତିକ୍ରମ କରେ ?)
उत्तर:
बिना सोच विचार के काम करने वाला व्यक्ति अपना काम बिगाड़ता है।

(घ) क्या टालने पर नहीं टलता?
(କ୍ୟା ଟାଲ୍‌ନେ ପର୍‌ ନେହୀ ଟଲ୍‌ ?)
(କ’ଣ ଦୂର କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦୂର ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ?)
उत्तर:
दुःख टालने पर नहीं टलत।

(ङ) मन में कौन-सी वात खटकती रहती है?
(ମନ୍ ହେଁ କୌନ୍-ସୀ ବାତ୍ ଖତୀ ରହତୀ ହୈ ?)
(ମନରେ କେଉଁ କଥା ଖରାପ ଲାଗୁଛି ?)
उत्तर:
मन में असफलता की बात खटकती रहती है। इसलिए कि मन में हमेशा अशान्ति रहने के कारण कोई कार्य सफल नहीं होता।

खालीस्थान भरिए : (ଶୂନ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନ ପୁରାଣ କର:)
(क) जग में होत हँसाय, …………………… न पावै।
उत्तर:
चित में चैन

(ख) ………………… बिगारै आपनो, ………………… में होत हँसाय।
उत्तर:
काम, जग

(ग) ………………… राग रँग मनहिं न भावै।
उत्तर:
खान-पान सनमान

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. नीचे लिखे शब्दों से वाक्य बनाइए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କର ।)
जग, चैन, खान-पान, दुःख
उत्तर:
जंग- इस जग में अनेक दयालु हैं।
चैन- माली ने चैन की साँस ली।
खान-पान – खान-पान और मान-सम्मान उसे अच्छे नहीं लगते।
दुःख : – दुःख को दूर करने के सारे प्रयत्न बेकार हो जाते हैं।

2. दिये गये उदाहरणों की तरह पाठ से दूसरे तुकान्त शब्दों को छाँटिए:
(ଡଦ।ହରଣରେ ଦିଆଯ।ଇଥ୍ବା ଶବ୍ଦଭଳି ପାଠ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦ ପଡୁଥ‌ିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାଛ)
उदाहरण : पछताय, हँसाय
उत्तर:
पावै, भावै, टारे, बिचारे

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

3. ‘खान-पान’ का अर्थ है ‘खान’ और ‘पान’। इसी प्रकार और पाँच उदाहरण दीजिए।
उत्तर:
मान – सम्मान
भलि – भाँति
गुरु – शिष्य
भोग – विलास
जीवन – मरण

गृहकार्य : (ଘରକାମ)

(क) क्या आप विचार किये बिना कार्य करके उसका नतीजा भोग चुके हैं? जीवन की एक ऐसी घटना का वर्णन कीजिए।
(ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ବିନା ବିଚାରରେ କିଛି କାମ କରି ତାହାର ଫଳ ଭୋଗ କରୁଛ କି ?)
(ଜୀବନରେ ଘଟିଥ‌ିବା ଏହିଭଳି ଏକ ଘଟଣାର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)
उत्तर:
हाँ, मैं बिना विचार किये कार्य करने का नतीजा भोग चुका हूँ। ऐसे ही एक बार मैंने बिना तैयारी और बेगैर योजना के परीक्षा दी थी। जिसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि परीक्षा में मेरे नम्बर कम आए और बाद की आँए ऊँची कक्षा की पढ़ाई समझने में मुझे कई दिक्कतें आने लगी। इसलिए मैंने अब से यह तय किया है कि परीक्षा शुरू होने के पहले पुरे सोच-विचार और पुरी योजना के साथ पढ़ाई करूँगा। जिससे परीक्षा मुझे कोई बोझ या भारी शरकम या कड़ी परीक्षा न लगे।
(ପିଲାମାନେ ନିଜେ ଶ୍ରେଣୀଗୃହରେ ଏହିଭଳି ଘଟଣା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିବେ ।)

(ख) पठित कुंडलिया की आवृत्ति कीजिए और इसे याद रखिए।
(ପଠିତ କୁଣ୍ଡଲିୟାକୁ ଆବୃତ୍ତି କର ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ମନେରଖ ।)

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर

1. बिना बिचारे जो करै, सो पाछे पछताया।
उत्तर:
कवि गिरिधर कहते है कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति कार्य शुरू करने से पहले उसके बारे में सोच विचार कर लेना जरुरत है। जो व्यक्ति विना सोच विचार के काम करने से काम बिगड़ जाता है उसे बाद में पछताना पड़ता है।

2. खान-पान सनमान, राग रंग मनहिं न भावै।
(ଖାନ୍-ପାନ୍ ସନମାନ୍, ରାଗ୍ ରଙ୍ଗ୍ ମନହିଁ ନ ଭାୱେ ।)
उत्तर:
यहाँ कवि गिरिधर कहते है कि व्यक्ति का खान-पान और मान-सम्मान उसे अच्छे नहीं लगते है। पर्बपर्बीणी, मागंलिक कार्यक्रम, उत्सव, विवाह आदि में उसे नीरास लगने लगते है। वे मानसिक रूप से बेचैन रहता है।

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तरमूलक प्रश्नोत्तर

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
गिरिधर कविराय किस रूप में सुपरिचित हैं?
उत्तर:
गिरिधर कविराय रीतिकाल के प्रसिद्ध नीतिकाव्यकार के रूप में सुपरिचित हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
गिरिधर की कुंडलियों में क्या कही गई हैं?
उत्तर:
गिरिधर की कुंडलियों में दैनिक जीवन के लिए अत्यंत उपयोगी बातें कही गई हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
गिरिधर की कुंडलियाँ क्यों ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हुई?
उत्तर:
सीधी-सादी तथा सरल भाषा में रचित होने के कारण गिरिधर की कुंडलियाँ ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हुई।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

प्रश्न 4.
हर व्यक्ति को किस प्रकार काम करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
हर व्यक्ति को सोच समझकर काम करना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 5.
कौन पीछे पछताता है?
उत्तर:
जो व्यक्ति बिना सोच विचार के काम से लग जाता है वह पीछे पछताता है।

प्रश्न 6.
संसार में कौन हँसी का पात्र बनता है?
उत्तर:
बिना सोच विचार के काम करनेवाला व्यक्ति संसार में हँसी का पात्र बनता है।

प्रश्न 7.
कौन अपना काम बिगाड़ता है?
उत्तर:
जो व्यक्ति बिना सोच विचार के काम करता है वह अपना काम बिगाड़ता है।

प्रश्न 8.
क्या टालने पर नहीं टलता?
उत्तर:
दुःख टालने पर नहीं टलता।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

प्रश्न 9.
मन में कौन सी बात खटकती रहती है?
उत्तर:
बिना सोच विचार के मैंने यह काम क्यों किया यही बात मन में खटकती रहती है।

प्रश्न 10.
भली-भाँति क्या सोच विचार कर लेना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
जीवन में कोई भी काम करने से पहले भली-भाँति सोच विचार कर लेना चाहिए।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
कुंड़लिया में क्या कहा गया है?
उत्तर:
दैनिक जीवन के लिए

प्रश्न 2.
‘कुंड़लिया’ किसकी रचना है?
उत्तर:
गिरिधर कविराय

प्रश्न 3.
‘खटकत है’ का अर्थ क्या है?
उत्तर:
बुरा लगता है

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

प्रश्न 4.
जीवन में असफल हो जाने पर मन में कौन-सी बात चिंता का कारण बनी रहती है?
उत्तर:
मैंने यह काम क्यों किया।

प्रश्न 5.
हर व्यक्ति को किस प्रकार काम करना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
सोच समझकर

C. रिक्तस्थानों को भरिए।

प्रश्न 1.
गिरिधर की कुंड़लिया ………………. भाषा में लिखी है।
उत्तर:
अवधी

प्रश्न 2.
”बिना बिचारे जो करै, सो पीछे पछताय'”- यह पंक्ति ……………….. कवि की है।
उत्तर:
गिरिधर कविराय

प्रश्न 3.
टालने पर ……………….. नहीं टलता।
उत्तर:
दु:ख

प्रश्न 4.
मन में ………………. सी बात खटकती रहती है।
उत्तर:
मैनेयह काम क्योंक्यिय

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

प्रश्न 5.
असफलता की बात …………….. खटकती है।
उत्तर:
मन

प्रश्न 6.
………………. टालने पर नहीं टलता।
उत्तर:
दु:ख

D. सही उत्तर चुनिए।

1. ‘कुंडलिया’ के कवि हैं
(A) गिरिधर कविराय
(B) कबीर
(C) रहीम
(D) तुलसी
उत्तर:
(A) गिरिधर कविराय

2. कौन अपना काम बिगड़ता है?
(A) काम चौर
(B) आलसी
(C) सज्जन
(D) बिाना सोच-बिचार से काम करनेवाला
उत्तर:
(D) बिाना सोच-बिचार से काम करनेवाला

3. जगत में किसकी हँसी होती है?
(A) सोच-विचार से काम न करनेवाले की
(B) विचार से काम करनेवाले की
(C) काम को चोरी करनेवाले की
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) सोच-विचार से काम न करनेवाले की

4. कौन पीछे पछताता है?
(A) सोच-विचार के काम करनेवाला
(B) बदमासी से काम लेने वाला
(C) बिना सोच-विचार के काम करने वाला
(D) इनमेंम से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) बिना सोच-विचार के काम करने वाला

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

5. क्या टालने पर नहीं टलता?
(A) दु:ख
(B) कष्ट
(C) सुख
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) दु:ख

6. मन में कौन-सी बात खटकती है?
(A) सफलता की बात
(B) असफलता की बात
(C) बुराई
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(B) असफलता की बात

7. कब राग-रंग की अच्छा नहीं लगता?
(A) जब जग हँसाय होते हैं
(B) जब गाली पड़ती है
(C) जब अच्छा खाना मिलता है
(D) इनमें से कोई नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) जब जग हँसाय होते हैं

दोहे (ତେ।ହେ)

बिना बिचारे जो करै, से पाछे पछताय।
काम बिगारै आपनो, जग में होत् हँसाय॥
(ବିନା ବିଚାରେ ଢୋ କରେ, ସେ ପାଛେ ପଛତାୟ ।
କାମ୍ ବିଗାରେ ଆପ୍‌, ଜଗ୍ ମେଁ ହୋତ୍‌ ହଁସାୟ ॥)
हिन्दी व्याख्या:
कवि का यह कहना है कि हर व्यक्ति को सोच विचार करके काम करना चाहिए। जो बिना सोच विचार के काम करता है उसे बाद में पछताना पड़ता है। क्योंकि उसका काम बिगड़ जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବିଚାର କରି କାମ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଯିଏ ବିନା ବିଚାରରେ କାମ କରେ ସେ ପଛରେ ଅନୁତାପ କରେ କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କ କାମ ବିଗିଡ଼ିଯାଏ । ସେ ଦୁନିଆରେ ହାସ୍ୟାସ୍ପଦ ହୁଏ । ଲୋକେ ମଜାରେ ପରିହାସ କରି ହସନ୍ତି ।

जग में होत हँसाय, चित्त में चैन न पावे।
खान्- पान् सनमान, राग रँग मनहिं न भावै॥
(ଜଗ୍ ମେଁ ହୋତ୍ ହଁସାୟ, ଚିତ୍ତ ମେଁ ଚୈନ୍ ନ ପାୱେ।
ଖାନ୍-ପାନ୍ ସନମାନ୍, ରାଗ୍ ରିଗ୍ ମହିଁ ନ ଭାୱେ ॥)
हिन्दी व्याख्या:
संसार में वह हँसी का पात्र बनता है। मानसिक रूप से बेचैन रहता है। खान-पान और मान-सम्मान उसे अच्छे नहीं लगते। मनोविनोद के सारे साधन फीके लगते हैं।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସଂସାରରେ ଥଟ୍ଟା ଉପହାସ ପାଉଥ‌ିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ମାନସିକ ସ୍ତରରେ ଶାନ୍ତି ପାଏ ନାହିଁ । ଖାଇବା- ପିଇବା ଏବଂ ମାନସମ୍ମାନ ଭଲ ଲାଗେ ନାହିଁ । ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନର ସମସ୍ତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମରେ ମନ ଲାଗେ ନାହିଁ ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(e) गिरधर की कुंडलियाँ

कह गिरिधर कविराय, दुःख कछु टरत न टारे।
खटकत है जिय माँहि, कियो जो बिना बिचारे॥
(କହ୍ ଗିରିଧର୍ କବିରାୟ, ଦୁଃଖ୍ କଛୁ ଟରତ୍ ନ ଟାରେ।
ଖଟକତ୍ ହୈ ଜିୟ ମାଁହି, କିୟୋ ଜୋ ବିନା ବିଚାରେ ॥)
हिन्दी व्याख्या:
दुःख को दूर करने के सारे प्रयत्न बेकार हो जाते हैं। मूल्यवान समय बर्बाद हो जाता है। बार-बार यह बात उसके मन को व्यथित करती है कि बिना सोचे और विचारे मैंने यह काम क्यों किया? अतएव जीवन में कोई भी काम करने से पहले हमें भली-भाँति सोच विचार कर लेना चाहिए ताकि बाद में पछताना न पड़े।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଦୁଃଖକୁ ଦୂର କରିବାର ସମସ୍ତ ଚେଷ୍ଟା ବେକାର ହୋଇଯାଏ, ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଏ । ବାରମ୍ବାର ଏହି କଥା ମନକୁ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥାତ କରେ, ବିନା ବିଚାରରେ କାହିଁକି କଲି ? ଜୀବନରେ କୌଣସି କାମ କରିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପ୍ରଥମରୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ବିଚାର କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଲେ ପଛରେ ଅନୁତାପ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼େନାହିଁ।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

पाछे – पीछे, बाद में (ପଛରେ ପରେ)

बिगारै – बिगाड़ना (ବିଗାଡିଦେବା)

आपनो – अपना (ନିଜର)

होत – होना (ହେବା)

हँसाय – हँसी, मजाक (ଅଟ୍ଟା ପରିହାସ)

चित्त – मन (ମନ)

चैन – आराम (ଅ।ରାମ)

पान – पीना (ପିଇବା)

राग – गीत-संगीत (ଗୀତ – ସଙ୍ଗୀତ)

भावै – पसंद आना (ପସନ୍ଦ ହେବା)

कछु – कुछ (କିଛି)

टरत – टलना, हटना, दूर होना (ଟଳିଯିବା ହଟିବା ହର,ହେବ।)

टारे – टालना (ଚାଳିତ ତେବ)

खटकत – बुरा लगना (ଖରାପ ଲାଗିବା)

जिय – हृदय, मन (ହୃଦଯ, ମନ)

माँहि – बीच में (ମଧ୍ୟରେ)

कवि परिचय (କବି ପରିଚୟ)।

गिरिधर कविराय के जीवन के बारे में प्रामाणिक जानकारी नहीं मिलती। शिवसिंह सेंगर ने इनका जन्मकाल सन् 1713 ई. बताया है। लोग इन्हें अवध का निवासी मानते हैं। कविराय नाम से ऐसा लगता है कि वे जाति के भाट थे। जो भी हो, गिरिधर कविराय रीतिकाल के प्रसिद्ध नीतिकाव्यकार के रूप में सुपरिचित हैं। उनकी कुंडलियाँ विख्यात हैं और उत्तर भारत की जनता में खूब प्रचलित हैं। इनमें दैनिक जीवन के लिए अत्यंत उपयोगी बातें कही गई हैं। सीधी-सादी तथा सरल भाषा में रचित होने के कारण ये ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हुईं। कुछ विद्वानों का मानना है कि ‘साईं’ शब्दावली कुंडलियाँ गिरिधर की पत्नी की रची हुई हैं। गिरिधर की कुंडलियाँ अधिकतर अवधी भाषा में ही मिलती हैं

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions  Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନ ଲିଖିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେ। – ତୀନ୍ ବାର୍କେ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇଟି-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) उत्तम प्रकृतिवाले लोगों के प्रति रहीम ने क्या कहा है?
(ଉତ୍ତମ୍ ପ୍ରକୃତିବାଲେ ଲେ। ଗେଁ। କେ ପ୍ରତି ରହୀମ୍ ନେ କ୍ୟା କହା ହୈ ?)
(ଭଲ ସ୍ବଭାବର ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ରହୀମ କ’ଣ କହିଛନ୍ତି ?)
उत्तर:
रहीम ने कहा कि जो व्यक्ति उत्तम आचरण और गुणों का होता है, उस पर कुसंग या बुरी संगति का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता। सज्जन व्यक्ति बुरे लोगों के निकट होने पर भी उनकी बुराई को नहीं अपनाता। जैसे चन्दन पेड़ पर जहरीले साँप लपेटे रहने पर भी चन्दन पर जहर का कोई असर नहीं होता।

(ख) सच्चे मित्र का लक्षण क्या है- पठित दोहे के आधार पर समझाइए।
उत्तर:
(ସଜେ ମିତ୍ର କା ଲକ୍ଷଣ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ପଠିତ୍ ଦୋହେ କେ ଆଧାର ପର୍ ସମଝାଇଏ ।)
(ସଟ ବନ୍ଧୁର ଚରିତ୍ର କ’ଣ ? ପଠିତ ଛନ୍ଦକୁ ଆଧାର କରି ବୁଝାଅ ।)
सच्चा मित्र का लक्षण वही है जो विपत्ति के समय अपने मित्र के पास रहता है और अपनी शक्ति के अनुसार मित्र की मदद करता है। सच्चा मित्र का दूसरा लक्षण वही हो सकता है जो सुख दुःख हर समय अपने मित्र के पास रहता ह ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

2. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक शब्द में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ। କେ ଉତ୍ତର ଏକ-ଏକ ଶବ୍ଦ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ତଳଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) किस पर कुसंग का प्रभाव नहीं होता?
( କିସ୍‌ର୍ କୁସଂଗ କା ପ୍ରଭାବ୍ ନେହୀ ହୋତା ?
(କାହା ଉପରେ କୁସଂଗର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େ ନାହିଁ ?)
उत्तर:
उत्तम प्रकृति

(ख) चन्दन वृक्ष पर कौन लिपटा रहता है?
(ଚନ୍ଦନ୍ ବୃକ୍ଷ ପର୍ କୌନ୍ ଲିପଟା ରହତା ହୈ ?)
(ଚନ୍ଦନ ଗଛରେ କିଏ ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ରହିଛି ?)
उत्तर:
भुजंग

(ग) किस पर साँप के विष का प्रभाव नहीं होता?
(କିସ୍‌ର୍ ସାଁପ୍ କେ ୱିସ୍ କା ପ୍ରଭାବ୍ ନହୀ ହୋତା ?)
(କାହା ଉପରେ ସର୍ପର ବିଷର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େ ନାହିଁ ?)
उत्तर:
चन्दन पेड़

(घ) साँप के साथ किसकी तुलना की गयी है?
(ସାଁପ୍ କେ ସାଥ୍ କିସ୍‌ ତୁଳନା କୀ ଗୟୀ ହୈ ?)
(ସର୍ପ ସହିତ କାହାକୁ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇଛି ?)
उत्तर:
कुसंग

(ङ) सच्चा मित्र कौन होता है?
(ସଜା ମିତ୍ର କୌନ୍ ହୋତା ହୈ ? )
(ପ୍ରକୃତ ବନ୍ଧୁ କିଏ ଅଟେ ?)
उत्तर:
जो दुर्दिन में साथ न छोड़े

3. अर्थ स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ଅର୍ଥ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କୀଜିଏ ।)
(ଅର୍ଥ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ କର ।)
(क) चन्दन विष व्यापत नहीं, लपटे रहत भुजंग।
उत्तर:
(ଚନ୍ଦନ୍ ୱିସ୍ ବ୍ୟାପତ୍ ନେହୀ, ଲ ପଟେ ରହତ୍ ଭୁଜଂଗ୍)।
उत्तर:
उत्तम व्यक्ति पर कुसंग यानी बुरी संगति का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता अर्थात सज्जन व्यक्ति बुरे लोगों के निकट होने पर भी उनकी बुराई को नहीं अपनाता। जैसे – चन्दन वृक्ष पर विषधर सर्प रहने पर भी चन्दन पर कोई विष का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ा।

(ख) विपत्ति कसौटि जे कसे, तेइ सँचे मीत।
(ୱିପରି କସୌଟି ଜେ କସ୍‌, ତେଇ ଗାଁଚେ ମିତ୍) ।
उत्तर:
विपद समय में सच्चा मित्र पहचाना है। मित्र जो मित्र को दुर्दिन समय में न छोड़ कर जाते, और अपनी शक्ति और शामर्थ्य के अनुसार मदद कर रहा है वही ही सच्चा मित्र है। सच्चा मित्र दुःख और सुख दोनो समय में रहता है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

4. पंक्तियाँ पूरी कीजिए।
(क) जो रहीम उत्तम प्रकृति, …………………………।
उत्तर:
का करि सकत कुसंग।

(ख) ………………… तेइ साँचे मीत।
उत्तर:
बिपत्ति कसौटि जे कसे।

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विपरीत शब्द लिखिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ ।)
उत्तम, मित्र, कुसंग, विष
उत्तर:
उत्तम – अधम
मित्र – शत्रु
कुसंग – सत्संग
विष – अमृत

2. नीचे लिखे अशुद्ध शब्दों को शुद्ध कीजिए।
(ତଳେ ଲିଖ୍ ଅଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଶୁଦ୍ଧ କର ।)
कसौटि, मीत्र, संपति, भूजंग, उतम
उत्तर:
कसौटि – कसौटी
मीत्र – मित्र
संपति – संपत्ति
भूजंग – भुजंग
उतम – उत्तम

3. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ ବା ସମନାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ ।)
विष, भूजंग, उत्तम, विपत्ति, मित्र
उत्तर:
विष – जहर, हलाहल
विपत्ति – विपद, खतरा
भुजंग – साँप, सर्प
उत्तम – श्रेष्ठ
मित्र – दोस्त, साथी

4. नीचे लिखे शब्दों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କର ।)
कुसंग, कसौटी, चंदन, संपत्ति, मित्र
उत्तर:
कुसंग – कुसंग का साथ मत दो।
कसौटी – सुनार कसौटी पथर से सही सोना परख करता है।
चन्दन – चन्दन के वृक्ष में साँप रहा करते हैं।
संपत्ति – विद्या महा संपत्ति कहलाती है।
मित्र – सच्चा मित्र सुख और दुःख हर समय साथ रहता है।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर

1. विपत्ति कसौटि जे कसे, तेइ साँचे मीत।
(ବିପତ୍ତି କଲୌଟି ଜେ କସେ, ତେଇ ଗାଁଚେ ମୀତ୍ ।)
उत्तर:
कवि रहीम कहते है कि सच्चा मित्र विपत्ति के समय अपने मित्र के पास रहता है और अपनी शक्ति के अनुसार मित्र की सहायता करता है। फीर भी यह है कि सुख और दुःख दोनो समय में मित्र के पास रहता है वल्कि छोड़कर नहीं जाता।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

2. चंदन विष व्याप्त नहीं, लपटे रहत भुजंग।
(ଚନ୍ଦନ୍ ବିଷ୍ ବ୍ୟାପତ ନର୍ଜୀ, ଲପଟେ ରହତ୍ ଭୁଜଂଗ ।)
उत्तर:
यहाँ रहीम कहते है कि चन्दन वृक्ष पर जहरीले साँप लपेटे रहने पर भी चन्दन पर उसके जहर का कोई असर नहीं होता। अर्थ यह है कि सज्जन व्यक्ति वुरी लोगों के निकट होने पर भी उनकी बुराई को नहीं अपनाता।

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तरमूलक प्रश्नोत्तर

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
रहीम का पूरा नाम क्या था?
उत्तर:
रहीम का पूरा नाम अब्दुल रहीम खान था।

प्रश्न 2.
रहीम कौन थे?
उत्तर:
रहीम मुगल बादशाह अकबर के अभिभाबक तथा सेनापति बैरम खाँ के

प्रश्न 3.
रहीम के साहित्य की विशेषता क्या है?
उत्तर:
मार्मिकता और कवि हृदय की सच्ची संवेदना रहीम के साहित्य की विशेषता है।

प्रश्न 4.
रहीम किस भाषा में लिखते थे?
उत्तर:
रहीम ब्रज और अवधी भाषा में लिखते थे।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न 5.
किस पर बुरी संगति का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता?
उत्तर:
उत्तम आचरण और गुण वाले व्यक्ति के ऊपर बुरी संगति का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता।

प्रश्न 6.
जहरीले साँप किस पेड़ पर लिपटे रहते हैं?
उत्तर:
जहरीले साँप चन्दन के पेड़ पर लिपटे रहते हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
चंदन पेड़ की तुलना किसको की गई है?
उत्तर:
चंदन पेड़ की तुलना सज्जन ब्यक्ति से की गई है।

प्रश्न 8.
साँप के साथ किसकी तुलना रहीम ने की है?
उत्तर:
साँप के साथ कुसंग की तुलना रहीम ने की है।

प्रश्न 9.
सच्चे मित्र का पता किस समय चलता है?
उत्तर:
सच्चे मित्र का पता विपत्ति के समय चलता है।

प्रश्न 10.
सच्चा मित्र कोन होता है?
उत्तर:
जो अपने मित्र के दुर्दिन में साथ न छोड़कर उसकी सहायता करता है वही सच्चा मित्र होता है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न 11.
कुसंग का प्रभाव किस पर नहीं होता?
उत्तर:
जो व्यक्ति उत्तम आचरण और अच्छे गुणों का होता है उस पर कुसंग का प्रभाव नहीं होता।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
दुर्दिन में जो मित्र साथ देता है उसे क्या कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
सच्चा मित्र

प्रश्न 2.
जो रहीम उत्तम प्रकृति, का कर सकत
उत्तर:
कुसंग

प्रश्न 3.
किसपर साँप के विष का प्रभाव नहीं होता?
उत्तर:
चन्दन वृक्ष के ऊपर

प्रश्न 4.
किसपर कुसंग का प्रभाव नहीं होता?
उत्तर:
उत्तम प्रकृति

प्रश्न 5.
भुजंग के साथ किसकी तुलना की गयी है?
उत्तर:
कुसंग

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न 6.
जो दुर्दिन में साथ न छोड़े, उन्हे क्या कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
सच्चा मित्र

प्रश्न 7.
रहीम किस भाषा में लिखते थे?
उत्तर:
ब्रज और अवधी

प्रश्न 8.
रहीम कौन थे?
उत्तर:
बैराम खाँ के पुत्र

प्रश्न 9.
चंदन वृक्ष पर कौन लिपटा रहता है?
उत्तर:
साँप

प्रश्न 10.
साँप के साथ किसकी तुलना की गयी है?
उत्तर:
कुसंग

C. रिक्तस्थानों को भरिए।

प्रश्न 1.
……………. पेड़ पर साँप के विष का प्रभाव नहीं होता।
उत्तर:
चंदन

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तम प्रकृति वाले व्यक्ति पर …………….. का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता।
उत्तर:
कुसंग

प्रश्न 3.
………………….. के साथ कुसंग की तुलना की गयी है।
उत्तर:
भुजंग

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

प्रश्न 4.
चन्दन पेड़ पर ………………. लिपटा रहता है।
उत्तर:
भुजंग

प्रश्न 5.
‘जो रहीम उत्तम प्रकृति, का करि सकत कुसंग'”- यह पंक्ति …………………. कवि की हैं।
उत्तर:
रहीम

प्रश्न 6.
…………………. पर साँप के बिष का प्रभाव नहीं होता।
उत्तर:
चंदन

प्रश्न 7.
विपत्ति ………………… की कसौटी है।
उत्तर:
मित्रता

D. सही उत्तर चुनिए।

1. जहरीले साँप किस पर लपेटे रहते हैं?
(A) नीम के पेड़ पर
(B) केले के पेड़ पर
(C) आम के पेड़ पर
(D) चन्दन के पेड़ पर
उत्तर:
(D) चन्दन के पेड़ पर

2. अच्छे गुणवाले व्यक्ति पर किसका प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता?
(A) भुंजग का
(B) कुंसग का
(C) दुर्ज्जन का
(D) लोगो का
उत्तर:
(B) कुंसग का

3. इनमें कौन-सी रचना रहीम की हैं?
(A) सप्तग्रंथ
(B) सप्तसूरी
(C) रहीम रत्नावली
(D) इनमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) रहीम रत्नावली

4. रहीम किस धर्म के व्यक्ति थे?
(A) मुसलमान
(B) हिन्दू
(C) बिहारी
(D) इनमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(A) मुसलमान

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

5. चन्दन के पेड़ पर किसके विष का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता?
(A) मेंढ़क का
(B) मनुष्य का
(C) साँप का
(D) इसमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) साँप का

6. जो अपने मित्र को उसके दुर्दिन में भी न छोड़े उसे क्या कहा जाता है?
(A) सच्चा
(B) सच्या लोग
(C) सच्चा मित्र
(D) धोखे बाज
उत्तर:
(C) सच्चा मित्र

7. रहीम किस भाषा में अपनी काव्य-रचना करते थे?
(A) ब्रज और अवधी
(B) ब्रज और पाली
(C) ब्रज और कारसी
(D) अवधी और पाली
उत्तर:
(A) ब्रज और अवधी

8. साँप के साथ किसकी तुलना की गयी है?
(A) मनुष्य की
(B) कुसंग की
(C) सच्चे मित्र की
(D) चन्दन पेड़ की
उत्तर:
(B) कुसंग की

9. मुसलमान होते हुए भी उन्होंने अपने आपको किसके गहरे रंग में रंग लिया था?
(A) शिव जी के
(B) कृष्ण-भक्ति के
(C) राम भक्ति के
(D) देव भक्ति के
उत्तर:
(B) कृष्ण-भक्ति के

10. उनके पिताजी का नाम क्या था?
(A) अकबर
(B) बैरम खां
(C) बीरवल
(D) टिपुसुलतान
उत्तर:
(B) बैरम खां

दोहे (ତେ।ହେ)

जो रही उत्तम प्रकृति, का कर सकत कुसंग।
चन्दन बिष ब्यापत नहीं, लपटे रहत भुजंग॥
(ଜୋ ରହୀମ୍ ଉତ୍ତମ୍ ପ୍ରକୃତି, କା କରି ସକତ୍ କୁସଂଗ୍।
ଚନ୍ଦନ୍ ବିଷ୍ ବ୍ୟାପତ ନର୍ଜୀ, ଲପଟେ ରହତ୍ ଭୁଜଂଗ୍ ॥)

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
रहीम कहते हैं कि जो व्यक्ति उत्तम आचरण और गुणों का होता है, उस पर कुसंग यानी बुरी संगति का प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता। अर्थात् सज्जन व्यक्ति बुरे लोगों के निकट होने पर भी उनकी बुराई को नहीं अपनाता। जैसे-चन्दन- पेड़ पर जहरीले साँप लपेटे रहने पर भी चन्दन पर उसके जहर का कोई असर नहीं होता। यहाँ चन्दन-पेड़ के साथ उत्तम गुणवाले व्यक्ति तथा साँप के साथ कुसंग की तुलना की गयी है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ରହୀମୂଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଉତ୍ତମ ଗୁଣ ଓ ସ୍ୱଭାବର ହୋଇଥା’ନ୍ତି, ତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ କୌଣସି ଖରାପ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େନାହିଁ । ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ସଜ୍ଜନ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଖଳଲୋକଙ୍କ ନିକଟ ହେଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଖରାପର କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େ ନାହିଁ । ଯେପରି ସୁଗନ୍ଧିତ ଚନ୍ଦନ ବୃକ୍ଷରେ ବିଷଧର ସର୍ପ ରହିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଚନ୍ଦନ ଉପରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼େ ନାହିଁ । ଏଠାରେ ଚନ୍ଦନ ବୃକ୍ଷ ସହିତ ଉତ୍ତମ ଗୁଣସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଓ ବିଷଧର ସର୍ପ ସହିତ କୁସଙ୍ଗକୁ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇଛି ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem (d) रहीम के दोहे

कहि रहीम सम्पति सगे, बनत वहुत वहुरीत।
बिपत्ति कसौटि जे कसे, तेइ साँचे मीत॥
(କହି ରହୀମ୍ ସମ୍ପତି ସଗେ, ବନତ୍ ବହୁତ୍ ବହୁ ରୀତ୍।
ବିପରି କସୌଟି ଜେ କସେ, ତେଇ ଗାଁଚେ ମୀତ ॥)

हिन्दी व्याख्या:
रहीम का कहना है कि इस संसार में धन-दौलत के साथी अनेक होते हैं। अर्थात् किसी इन्सान के पास पैसा होने पर उससे मित्रता स्थापित करने लोग विविध ढंग से आ टपकते हैं। परंतु उनमें से कौन सच्चा मित्र है और कौन नहीं, इस बात का पता विपत्ति के समय चलता है। अर्थात् सच्चा मित्र उसे कहा जाएगा जो अपने मित्र को उसके दुर्दिन में भी न छोड़े अपितु उसकी सहायता करे।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ରହୀମଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ସଂସାରରେ ଧନ ଦୌଲତର ଅନେକ ସାଥୀ ଅଛନ୍ତି । କୌଣସି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ସ୍ଥାପନ କରିବାପାଇଁ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଢଙ୍ଗରେ ଲୋକମାନେ ଆସି ପହଞ୍ଚିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଧନ ଓ କ୍ଷମତା ନଥାଏ ସେହି ସମୟରେ ବନ୍ଧୁତା ସ୍ଥାପନ କରିଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଏ । କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ପ୍ରକୃତ ମିତ୍ର ସେହି ଯିଏ ମିତ୍ରର ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିନ ସମୟରେ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଏ ନାହିଁ । ଶକ୍ତି ଓ ପାଖରେ ଧନ ବା କ୍ଷମତା କିନ୍ତୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହାସଲ ହୋଇଯାଏ ବା କ୍ଷମତା ଅନୁସାରେ ମିତ୍ରକୁ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ସହଯୋଗ କରିଥାଏ ।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

उत्तम – श्रेष्ठ (ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠା)

प्रकृति – गुण, स्व (ଟୁଣ, ସୃ ଭାବ)

का – क्या (କ’ଣ)

करिसकत – कर सकता (କରିପାରିବ)

कुसंग – बुरी संगति

लपटे – लिपटना (ଗୁଡ଼େଇ ହୁଏ)

भुजंग – सांप (ସର୍ପି)

सगे – साथी (ଦୋସ୍ତ୍ର କୁସଙ୍ଗ)

बहुरीत – बहु भाँति (ବହ୍ମତ ପ୍ରକାର)

कसौटि – परख, जाँच (ପରୀକ୍ଷ।/ ଜ।ଞ୍ଚ)

कसे – परखे (ପରୀକ୍ଷ।/କରେ)

तेई – वही (ସେହି)

साँचे – सच्चा (ସଚ୍ଚୋଟ)

मीत – मित्र (ବକ୍ଷୁ)

कवि परिचय (କବି ପରିଚୟ)।

रहीम का पूरा नाम अब्दुल रहीम खानखाना था। उनका जन्म सन् 1556 के लगभग लाहौर में हुआ। उनके पिता मुगल बादशाह अकबर के अभिभावक तथा सेनापति बैरम खाँ थे। रहीम मुगलों के महल में पले- बढ़े। वे बड़े प्रतिभाशाली थे। वे अरबी, तुर्की, फारसी और संस्कृत के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे, साथ ही हिन्दी काव्य-कविता के बड़े मर्मज्ञ थे। इसलिए अकबर के दरबार के मशहूर नवरत्नों में रहीम गिने जाते थे। वे जन्म से मुसलमान होते हुए भी हिन्दुओं के प्रति प्रेम-भाव रखते थे। रहीम तुलसीदास, सूरदास, तानसेन और केशवदास के समकालीन थे। मार्मिकता और कवि हृदय की सच्ची संवेदना रहीम के साहित्य की विशेषता है।

मुसलमान होते हुए भी उन्होंने अपने आपको कृष्ण-भक्ति के गहरे रंग में रंग लिया था। अनुभूतियों के आधार पर उन्होंने अपनी रचनाओं में नीति के साथ-साथ भक्ति तथा प्रेम का सरस वर्णन किया है। उन्होंने अपने दोहों में मानव तथा समाज के कल्याण के साथ-साथ हिन्दू-मुस्लिम की एकता पर भी बल दिया है। रहीम की रचनाएँ हैं – रहीम सतसई, श्रृंगार सतसई, रास पंचाध्यायी, रहीम रत्नावली, बरवै नायिका भेद- वर्णन आदि। उनकी काव्य-रचना में प्रयुक्त छन्द हैं – दोहा, कवित्त, सवैया, सोरठा तथा बरवै। रहीम की भाषा ब्रज और अवधी है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

Odisha State Board  BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions  Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 9 Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋ କେ ଉତ୍ତର ଦୋ – ତାନ୍ ବାର୍କେ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇ-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) ‘बुवै सो लुनै निदान’ का तात्पर्य क्या है? पठित दोहे के आधार पर समझाइ।
(‘ବୁ ସୋ ଲୁନୈ ନିଦାନ’ କା ତାତ୍ପର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ? ପଠିତ ଦୋହେ କେ ଆଧାର ପର ସମଝାଇଏ) ।
(ବୁଣିବା ଓ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରିବାର ତାତ୍ପର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ? ପଠିତ ଛନ୍ଦକୁ ଆଧାର କରି ବୁଝାଅ ।)
उत्तर:
मानव शरीर में पाप और पुण्य दो वीज हैं। वे अपने जीवन में जो कर्म करता, उसके अनुसार फल प्राप्त करता है। अच्छा कर्म से प्रशंसा और बुरा कर्म से निन्दा सुनना पड़ता है।

(ख) किन-किन लोगों की भलाई करने को अज्ञान कहा गया है?
(କିନ୍-କିନ୍ ଲୋଗୋଁ କୀ ଭଲାଈ କରନ୍ କୋ ଅଜ୍ଞାନ କହା ଗୟା ହୈ )?
(କେଉଁ-କେଉଁ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ଭଲ କରିବାକୁ ଅଜ୍ଞତା କୁହାଯାଏ ?)
उत्तर:
जिस व्यक्ति की अनेक संताने हो, अनेक कामनाएँ हो और समयानुसार जिनके आचार व्यवहार बदलते हों, उन लोगों की भलाई करने को अज्ञान कहा गया है। और भी जान बुझकर गलती करनेवाले को उपदेश देना अज्ञानता का परिचय है

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

2. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक शब्द में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ। କେ ଉତ୍ତର ଏକ-ଏକ ଶବ୍ଦ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ତଳଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ଦିଅ ।)
(क) खेत किसे कहा गया है?
(ଖେତ୍ କିସ୍ କହା ଗୟା ହୈ ? )
(ଖେତ କାହାକୁ କୁହାଯାଏ ?)
उत्तर:
शरीर को

(ख) किसान कौन है?
(କିସାନ୍ କୌନ୍ ହୈ ? )
(କୃଷକ କିଏ ?)
उत्तर:
मन

(ग) पाप-पुण्य क्या हैं
(ପାପ-ପୁଣ୍ୟ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ?)
(ପାପ-ପୁଣ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ?)
उत्तर:
दो बीज

(घ) जिसकी अनेक संतान हों, उसकी भलाई चाहना क्या ह ?
(ଜିସ୍ କା ଆନେକ ସନ୍ତାନ ହେଁ, ଉସ୍‌ ଭଲାଈ ଚାହନା କ୍ୟା ହୈ ? (ଯାହାର ଅନେକ ସନ୍ତାନ, ତାହାର ଭଲ ଚାହିଁବା କ’ଣ ?)
उत्तर:
मूर्खता

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में दीजिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍-ଏକ୍ ବାର୍କେ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ) ।
(ତଳଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)

(क) मानव के शरीर को क्या कहा गया है?
(ତଳଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ-ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ ।)
उत्तर:
मानव के शरीर को कर्मक्षेत्र कहा गया है।

(ख) दो बीज कौन-कौन – से हैं?
(ଦୋ ବୀଜ୍ କୌନ୍-କୌନ୍ ସେ ହୈ ?)
(ଦୁଇଟି ବୀଜ କ’ଣ କ’ଣ ?)
उत्तर:
पाप और पुण्य दो बीज हैं।

(ग) बार-बार अपने आचार-व्यवहार को बदलनेवाले की भलाई चाहने को क्या कहा गया है?
(ବାର୍-ବାର୍ ଅପନେ ଆଚାର-ବ୍ୟବହାର କୋ ବଦନେ ବାଲେ କୀ ଭଲାଈ ଚାହନେ କୋ କ୍ୟା କହା ଗୟା ହୈ ?) (ବାରମ୍ବାର ନିଜର ସ୍ଵଭାବକୁ ବଦଳାଉ ଥ‌ିବା ଲୋକର ଭଲ ଚାହିଁବାକୁ କ’ଣ କହନ୍ତି ?)
उत्तर:
बार-बार अपने आचार-व्यवहार को बदलनेवालो की भलाई चाहने को मूर्खता कहा गया है।

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. निम्नलिखित शब्दों का समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପ୍ରତିଶବ୍ଦ ବା ସମାନାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ ।)
काया, किसान, सुत, मनसा
किसान – कृषक
सुत – पुत्र
मनसा – मन

2. निम्नलिखित शब्दों का विलोम शब्द लिखिए।
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବିପରୀତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ ।)
पाप, अज्ञान, अपार
उत्तर:
पाप – पुण्य
अज्ञान – ज्ञान
अपार – कम/सीमित

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

3. निम्नलिखित अशुद्ध शब्दों को शुद्ध कीजिए
तुलसि, किषान, पुन्य, सूत, रूचि
उत्तर:
तुलसि – तुलसी
किषान – किसान
पुन्य – पुण्य
सूत – सुत
रूचि – रुचि

4. इन शब्दों पर ध्यान दीजिए।
(ଏହି ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ଦିଅ ।)
काया, किसान, बीज, सुत
इन शब्दों से उनकी पूरी जाति का बोध होता है।
(ଏହି ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଜାତିକୁ ବୁଝାଯାଉଛି ।)
याद रखिए (ମନେରଖ)
जिस शब्द से पूरी जाति का बोध होता है, उसे जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर

1. पाप-पुण्य दोउ बीज हैं, बुवै सो लुनै निदान।
(ପାପ-ପୁଣ୍ୟ ଦୋଉ ବୀଜ୍ ହେଁ, ବୁର୍ବେ ସୋ ଲୁନୈ ନିଦାନ୍ ।)
उत्तर:
कवि तुलसीदास जी कहते हैं कि पाप और पुण्य दो बीज है। जो जैसा बीज वोता है, वह उसी प्रकार फल प्राप्त करता है। मतलब यह है कि मनुष्य को कर्म के अनुसार फल की प्राप्ति होती है।

2. बहुसुत, बहुरुचि, बहुवचन, बहुअचार-व्यौहार।
इनको भलो मनाइबो, यह अज्ञान अपार॥
(ବହୁସୁତ୍, ବହୁରୁଚି, ବହୁବଚନ, ବହୁଅଚାର-ବୈହାର।
ଇନ୍‌ ଭଲୋ ମନାଇବୋ, ୟହ ଅଜ୍ଞାନ୍ ଅପାର୍ ।।)
उत्तर:
यहाँ तुलसी जी कहते हैं कि जान बुझकर गलती करनेवाले को परामर्श देना मुर्खता है। जिस व्यक्ति की अनेक संतानें हो, अनेक पसंद हो, अनेक वातें उनके दिमाग में आती हो, उन लोगों की भलाई करने को अज्ञान कहा गया है।

अति संक्षिप्त उत्तरमूलक प्रश्नोत्तर

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न  1.
हिंदी साहित्य के भक्ति-काल में किसका स्थान सर्बोपरि है?
उत्तर:
हिंदी साहित्य के भक्ति-काल में तुलसीदास का स्थान सर्वोपरि है।

प्रश्न  2.
तुलसीदास का जन्म कब हुआ?
उत्तर:
तुलसीदास का जन्म सन् १५३२ में भाद्र शुक्ल एकादशी, मंगलवार को हुआ।

प्रश्न  3.
तुलसीदास के गुरु कौन थे?
उत्तर:
श्री नरहरि दास तुलसीदास के गुरु थे।

प्रश्न  4.
तुलसीदास को रामबोला नाम से क्यों पुकारा गया?
उत्तर:
जन्म लेते ही तुलसीदास ने राम-नाम का उच्चारण किया, इसलिए उन्हें ‘रामबोला’ नाम गया।

प्रश्न  5.
मानव का शरीर क्या है?
उत्तर:
मानव का शरीर कर्मक्षेत्र है।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

प्रश्न  6.
दो बीज कौन-कौन से हैं?
उत्तर:
पाप और पुण्य दो बीज हैं।

प्रश्न  7.
तुलसीदास ने मानव के मन को किसके साथ तुलना की है?
उत्तर:
तुलसीदास ने मानव के मन को किसान के साथ तुलना की है

प्रश्न  8.
किसको उपदेश देना मूर्खता है?
उत्तर:
जानबुझकर गलती करनेवाले को उपदेश देना मूर्खता है।

प्रश्न  9.
जो जैसा बीज बोता है वैसा ही फल पाता है। इसका अर्थ क्या है?
उत्तर:
जो जैसा बीज बोता है, वैसा ही फल पाता है का अर्थ है – जो जैसा कर्म करता है, उसी के अनुसार उसे फल मिलता है।

प्रश्न  10.
जिसकी अनेक संतान हैं, उसकी भलाई चाहना क्या है?
उत्तर:
जिसकी अनेक संतान हों, उसकी भलाई चाहना मूर्खता है।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में दीजिए।

प्रश्न  1.
पाप-पूण्य क्या है?
उत्तर:
दो बीज

प्रश्न  2.
‘तुलसी काया खेत है, मनसा भयो किसान”- यह पंक्ति किस कवि की हैं?
उत्तर:
तुलसी दास

प्रश्न  3.
जिसकी कई संतानें हो, उसकी भलाई चाहना क्या है?
उत्तर:
मूर्खता

प्रश्न  4.
मानव के शरीर को क्या कहा गया है?
उत्तर:
कर्मक्षेत्र

प्रश्न  5.
यह मनुष्य का मन क्या है?
उत्तर:
किसान

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

प्रश्न  6.
खेत किसे कहा गया है?
उत्तर:शरीर

C. रिक्तस्थानों को भरिए।

प्रश्न  1.
तुलसीदास के गुरु …………….. थे?
उत्तर:
श्री नरहरी दास

प्रश्न  2.
जानबुझकर गलती करनेवाले को उपदेश देना …………….. है।
उत्तर:
मूर्खता

प्रश्न  3.
खेत …………… से कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
शरीर

प्रश्न  4.
किसान …………….. से कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
मन

प्रश्न  5.
तुलसीदास के अनुसार पाप-पुण्य ……………. हैं।
उत्तर:
बीज

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

प्रश्न  6.
दो बीज ………………… से हैं।
उत्तर:
पाप-पुण्य

प्रश्न  7.
यह मनुष्य का शरीर ………………….. है।
उत्तर:
खेत

प्रश्न  8.
मनुष्य के शरीर को ……………….. कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
कर्मक्षेत्र

प्रश्न  9.
जो बार-बार गलती करते हैं उसको ………………… नहीं देना चाहिए।
उत्तर:
उपदेश

D. सही उत्तर चुनिए।

1. यहाँ पर सुत किसे कहा गया है?
(A) पिता को
(B) संतान को
(C) पोती को
(D) लड़की को
उत्तर:
(B) संतान को

2. बार-बार अपने आचार-व्यवहार को बदलनेवाले की भलाई चाहने को क्या कहा गया है?
(A) मूर्खता
(B) ज्ञानी
(C) पंड़ित
(D) पापी
उत्तर:
(A) मूर्खता

3. दो बीज क्या है?
(A) सुख और दु:ख
(B) आचार और व्यवहार
(C) पाप और पुण्य
(D) कर्म और धर्म
उत्तर:
(C) पाप और पुण्य

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

4. मानव का मन क्या है?
(A) कर्मक्षेत्र
(B) बीज
(C) कृषि
(D) किसान
उत्तर:
(B) बीज

5. इनमें से कौन-सी रचना तुलसीदास जी की है?
(A) गीताजंलि
(B) गीतावली
(C) गीताग्रन्थ
(D) गीतगोविंद
उत्तर:
(B) गीतावली

6. तुलसीदास किन दो भाषा में काव्य-रचना करते रहे?
(A) अवधी तथा ब्रजभाषा
(B) हिंदी भाषा
(C) बंगला
(D) कन्नाटकी
उत्तर:
(A) अवधी तथा ब्रजभाषा

7. मानव का शरीर क्या है?
(A) भंड़ार
(B) रक्त का भंड़ार
(C) कर्मक्षेत्र
(D) इनमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) कर्मक्षेत्र

8. वे किसमें लीन हो गये?
(A) राम-भक्ति में
(B) सीता भक्ति में
(C) हनुमान-भक्ति में
(D) रत्न भक्ति में
उत्तर:
(A) राम-भक्ति में

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

9. पत्नी के प्रेरणा से तुलसीदास अपना घर छोड़कर क्या हो गये?
(A) साधु
(B) बाबाजी
(C) वैरागी
(D) इनमें से कोई भी नहीं
उत्तर:
(C) वैरागी

दोहे (ତେ।ହେ)

तुलसी काया खेत है, मनसा भयो किसान।
पाप-पुण्य दोउ बीज हैं, वुवै सो लुनै निदान॥
(ତୁଲସୀ କାୟା ଖେତ୍ ହୈ, ମସା ଭୟୋ କିସାନ୍।
ପାପ୍-ପୁଣ୍ୟ ଦୋଉ ବୀଜ୍ ହେଁ, ବୁବୈ ସୋ ଲୁନୈ ନିଦାନ୍॥ )
हिन्दी व्याख्या:
मानव का शरीर कर्मक्षेत्र है। उसका मन किसान है। पाप और पुण्य दो बीज हैं। जो जैसा बीज बोता है, वह उसी प्रकार फल प्राप्त करता है। मतलब यह है कि मनुष्य जैसा कर्म करता है, उसी के अनुसार फल पाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ତୁଳସୀଙ୍କ ମତ ଅନୁସାରେ ମାନବ ଶରୀର କର୍ମକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଅଟେ । ତାହାର ମନ କୃଷକ ଅଟେ । ପାପ ଓ ପୁଣ୍ୟ ଦୁଇଟି ମଞ୍ଜି । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଜୀବନରେ ଯେଉଁ କର୍ମ କରିଥାଏ, ସେହିଭଳି ଫଳ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଭଲ କର୍ମ ପାଇଁ ସୁଫଳ ବା ସୁନାମ ମିଳିଥାଏ; କିନ୍ତୁ କୁକର୍ମ ପାଇଁ ନିନ୍ଦା ବା ଅପବାଦ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ମିଳେ ।

बहुसुत, बहुरुचि, बहुवचन, बहु अचार ब्योहार।
इन्को भलो मनाइबो, यह अज्ञान अपार॥
(ବହୁସୁତ, ବହୁରୁଚି, ବହୁବଚନ୍, ବହୁ ଅଚାର୍-ବୌହାର୍ )।
(ଇନ୍‌ ଭଲୋ ମନାଇବୋ, ୟହ ଅଜ୍ଞାନ୍ ଅପାର୍ ।)
हिन्दी व्याख्या:
जान-बुझकर गलती करनेवाले को उपदेश देना मूर्खता है। जिस व्यक्ति की अनेक संतानें हों, अनेक कामनाएँ हों और समयानुसार जिनके आचार-व्यवहार बदलते हों; उन लोगों की भलाई चाहना मूर्खता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ତୁଳସୀଙ୍କ ମତ ଅନୁସାରେ ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କର ଅନେକ ସନ୍ତାନ, ଅନେକ କାମନା (ଇଚ୍ଛା) ଏବଂ ସମୟ ଅନୁସାରେ ଯାହାର ଚାଲିଚଳନ-ବ୍ୟବହାର ବଦଳିଯାଏ, ସେହି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କର ମଙ୍ଗଳ ଚାହିଁବା ମୂର୍ଖତା ଅଟେ।

BSE Odisha 9th Class Hindi Solutions Poem 1(c) तुलसीदास के दोहे

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

काया – शरीर (ଶରୀର)।

मनसा – मन (ମନ)।

दोड – दो (ଦୁଇଟ)।

बुवै – बोता है (ବୁଶେ, ରୋପୁଣ କରେ)।

लुनै – प्राप्त करता है (ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରେ)।

बहुसुत – अनेक सन्तान (ଅନେକ ସନ୍ତ୍ର।ନ)।

बहुरुचि – अधिक कामना (ଅଧିକ ଇଚ୍ଛ। ବା ଆଗ୍ରହ )।

अपार – ज्यादा (ଅଧିକ)।

अचार-व्यौहार – आचार-व्यवहार (ଚାଲିଚଳନ/ ବ୍ୟବହାର)।

कवि परिचय (କବି ପରିଚୟ)।

हिन्दी साहित्य के भक्ति-काल में गोस्वामी तुलसीदास का स्थान सर्वोपरि है। तुलसीदास का जन्म सन् 1532 में भाद्र शुक्ल एकादशी, मंगलवार को हुआ। उनके पिता का नाम आत्माराम और माता का नाम हुलसी था। जन्म लेते ही तुलसीदास ने राम-नाम का उच्चारण किया; इसीलिए उन्हें ‘रामबोला’ के नाम से भी पुकारा गया। तुलसीदास के गुरु श्री नरहरिदास थे। तुलसीदास का विवाह दीनबंधु पाठक की कन्या रत्नावली से हुआ। पत्नी की प्रेरणा से तुलसीदास अपना घर छोड़कर वैरागी हो गये।

वे काशी में रहे और सांसारिक विषय- वासनाओं को त्यागकर राम-भक्ति में लीन हो गये। वे अवधी तथा ब्रजभाषा में काव्य-रचना करते रहे। तुलसीदास की प्रमुख रचनाएँ हैं – रामचरितमानस, कवितावली, गीतावली, दोहावली, बरवै रामायण, रघुवराशलाका, जानकी- मंगल, श्रीरामलला नहछू, श्रीपार्वतीमंगल और विनय पत्रिका।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ will enable students to study smartly.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

→ଉଦ୍ଭଦରେ ପରିବହନ (Transport in Plants) :

  • ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଜୀବ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ।
  • ବହୁକୋଷୀ ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ ଶରୀରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଙ୍ଗ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଖାଦ୍ୟ, ଜଳ ଓ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ।
  • ଉଭିଦମାନେ ପରିବେଶରୁ ଜଳ, ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପୋଷକ, ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଓ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥା’ନ୍ତି ।
  • ସଂଗୃହୀତ ପଦାର୍ଥଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନଦ୍ୱାରା ଶରୀରର ଗୋଟିଏ ଅଙ୍ଗରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଂଶରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଥାଏ ।
  • ସଫଳ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ ଓ ପରିବହନଦ୍ୱାରା ଶରୀରର ପ୍ରତିଟି କୋଷ ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ମୁତାବକ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଓ ପୋଷଣ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ପାଇବାରେ ସକ୍ଷମ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ସବୁଜ ଉଦ୍ଭଦ ସୌର ରଶ୍ମିର ଆଲୋକଶକ୍ତିକୁ ରାସାୟନିକ ଶକ୍ତିରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରି ଶ୍ଵେତସାର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିଥାଏ । ଉଦ୍ଭଦଟି ତା’ର ପରିବେଶରୁ ଏଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରେ । ଆଲୋକଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ପାଇଁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ସରଳ ଉପାଦାନ ଜଳକୁ ଉଭିଦଟି ମୃତ୍ତିକାରୁ ଚେର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

→ଉଦ୍ଭିଦଗୁଡିକରେ ଜଳ ପରିବହନ (Transport of water in Plants):

  • ଜଳ ଓ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ଧାତବ ଲବଣକୁ ଉଭିଦଟିଏ ମାଟି ସହିତ ସଂଯୋଗ କରୁଥିବା ଅଙ୍ଗ ଚେର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଶୋଷଣ କରିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଏସବୁ ନିୟୋଜିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ଅଂଶ ଯଥା- କାଣ୍ଡ, ପତ୍ର, ଫୁଲ, ଫଳ ଆଦିକୁ ପ୍ରେରଣ କରେ । ଚେରର ଶେଷାଶ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଥିବା ମୂଳଲୋମ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ପାରସୃତି ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ମୂଳଲୋମରେ ଥିବା ଅଧିକ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କୋଷଜୀବକକୁ କମ୍ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ମୃତ୍ତିକା ଦ୍ରବଣ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରେ । ମାତ୍ର ସମୟ ସମୟରେ ବିପରୀତ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିରେ ମୂଳଲୋମ କୋଷଜୀବକ, କମ୍ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହେଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଧ୍ଵ ସାନ୍ଦ୍ରତା ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ମୃତ୍ତିକା ଦ୍ରବଣ ମୂଳଲୋମକୁ ପଶେ । ଏଥିପାଇଁ ବିପଚନ ଶକ୍ତି ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ । ଏଥିରେ ମୂଳର ଅଂଶ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଭାବେ ସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଏହା ଜଳର ସକ୍ରିୟ ଶୋଷଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ମୂଳଲୋମ କୋଷରେ ଏହିସବୁ ଜଳୀୟ ଦ୍ରବଣର ପ୍ରବେଶ ପରେ ତାହା ବିସରଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରେ ମୂଳର ଜାଇଲେମ୍ବୁକୁ ଚାଲିଯାଏ ।
  • ଉଭିଦଟି କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ହୋଇଥିଲେ ଶୋଷଣଦ୍ବାରା ଅତି ସହଜରେ ଜଳ ଉଭିଦର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଙ୍ଗରେ ପହଞ୍ଚି ପାରିଥାଏ ।

→ଟ୍ରାନ୍ସପେରେସନ୍ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥ ପରିବହନ (Transpiration mediated transport):

  • ଗୋଟିଏ ଉଭିଦକୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ପରିମାଣର ଜଳ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହେଉଥିଲେ ତାହାର ପତ୍ରରେ ଥିବା ସ୍ତୋମ୍ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଜଳରାଶି ଜଳୀୟବାଷ୍ପ ଆକାରରେ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୁଏ । ସ୍ତୋମ୍‌ରେ ଜଳକ୍ଷୟ ଜନିତ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନକୁ ପୂରଣ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପତ୍ରର ବାହିକାରୁ ସ୍ତୋମ୍‌କୁ ଜଳ ଆସେ ।
  • ସ୍ତୋମ୍ ହେଉଛି ଉଦ୍ଭଦରେ ଉମ୍ବେଦନର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅଙ୍ଗ । ତା’ ଛଡ଼ା ତ୍ୱଚାବରଣ ବା ବାତରନ୍ଧ୍ରଦ୍ୱାରା ଉଭିଦରେ କିଛି ପରିମାଣର ଉନ୍ମୋଦନ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଉଭିଦ ପତ୍ରର ଅଧ୍ୱଚାର ଉପରିଭାଗରେ ଅଠାଳିଆ ପଦାର୍ଥଦ୍ଵାରା ତ୍ୱଚାବରଣ ଗଠିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

→ପୋଷକର ପରିବହନ (Transport of nutrients) :

  • ସବୁଜ ପତ୍ରରେ ଆଲୋକଶ୍ଳେଷଣଦ୍ୱାରା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ଶ୍ଵେତସାର ଜାତୀୟ ପଦାର୍ଥ ତାହାର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ପରିବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହାକୁ ପୋଷକର ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଉଭିଦର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସଞ୍ଚୟକାରୀ ଅଙ୍ଗ ବିଶେଷତଃ ଫଳ, ମୂଳ ଓ ମଞ୍ଜି ସହିତ କାଣ୍ଡ ଓ ମୂଳର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନଶୀଳ ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ପୋଷକର ପରିବହନ ହୁଏ ।
  • ଉଭିଦରେ ଜଳ ପରିବହନ କେବଳ ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱମୁଖୀ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବାବେଳେ ଏ ପ୍ରକାର ପରିବହନ ଉଭୟ ଉର୍ଦୁ, ପାର୍ଶ୍ବ ଓ ନିମ୍ନମୁଖୀ ଉଭିଦରେ ଜଳ ପରିବହନ କେବଳ ଉର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱମୁଖୀ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବାବେଳେ ଏ ପ୍ରକାର ପରିବହନ ଉଭୟ ଉର୍ଦୁ, ପାର୍ଶ୍ବ ଓ ନିମ୍ନମୁଖୀ ହୋଇପାରେ । ଏହା ଫଳରେ ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷିତ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ପୋଷକ ପରିବାହିତ ହୋଇ ଉଭିଦର ଜୀବନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଚାଲୁ ରଖେ । ସଂଶ୍ଳେଷଣ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ପୋଷକର ଉତ୍ସ ଏବଂ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଜମାଇକ୍ତ ଅଂଶ କହାଯାଏ ।

→ପରିବହନର ପ୍ରକାରଗୁଡିକ (Types of Transportation) :

1. ଉଭିଦର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାକୁ ନେଇ ତିନିପ୍ରକାର ପରିବହନ ଦେଖାଯାଏ, ଯଥା-

  • ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵ ପରିବହନ,
  • ନିମ୍ନ ପରିବହନ ଓ
  • ପାର୍ଶ୍ଵ ପରିବହନ ।

2. ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵ ପରିବହନରେ ଜଳ ଓ ପୋଷକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ତଳୁ ଉପରକୁ ଏବଂ ନିମ୍ନ ଓ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପରିବହନରେ ପତ୍ରରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ବୃକ୍ଷର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଂଶକୁ ପରିବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
3. ଉଭିଦ୍ରରେ ପୋଷକ ପରିବହନ ପାଇଁ ତିନୋଟି ତତ୍ତ୍ଵର ଅବତାରଣା କରାଯାଇଛି, ଯଥା-

  • କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ
  • ମୂଳଜ ଚାପ ଓ
  • ସଂସକ୍ତି ତତ୍ତ୍ବ ।

→(i) କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ (Capillary attraction) :

  • ଗୋଟିଏ କୈଶିକ ନଳୀକୁ ଜଳରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇଲେ କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣଜନିତ ଚାପ ଏବଂ ଜଳର ଉଚ୍ଚ ପୃଷ୍ଠତାନ ଫଳରେ ଜଳ କୈଶିକ ନଳୀ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ କିଛି ଉପରକୁ ଉଠିଯାଏ ।
  • ନଳୀ ମଧ୍ଯରେ ଜଳର ଉଚ୍ଚତା ବୃଦ୍ଧି ନଳୀର ବ୍ୟାସ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ ।
  • ନଳୀର ବ୍ୟାସ ଯେତେ ଛୋଟ ହୁଏ ଜଳର ଉଚ୍ଚତା ସେତିକି ଅଧ‌ିକ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଜାଇଲେମ୍ କୈଶିକ ନଳୀ ସଦୃଶ ଏବଂ
  • ତାହା ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଜଳ କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଉପରକୁ ଉଠିଥାଏ ।
  • ଏକ ମିଲିମିଟରର 100 ଭାଗରୁ 1 ଭାଗ ବ୍ୟାସବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଜାଇଲେମ୍ ନଳୀରେ କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଜଳ 3 ମିଟର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଉଠିଥାଏ ।
  • କେତେକ ଜାଇଲେମ୍ ଟିସୁର ବ୍ୟାସ 0.001 ମିଲିମିଟରରୁ ଊଣା ! ତେଣୁ ଉକ୍ତ ନଳୀରେ ଜଳ ପ୍ରାୟ 10 ମିଟର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଉଚ୍ଚକୁ ଉଠିପାରେ ।
  • ଛୋଟ ଛୋଟ କମ୍ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଗଛ ପାଇଁ କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣଜନିତ ଜଳର ପରିବହନ ସମ୍ଭବପର, ମାତ୍ର ଅତି ଉଚ୍ଚ ବୃକ୍ଷ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ ।

→(ii) ମୂଳ ଚାପ (Root pressure) :

  • କୌଣସି ଏକ ଉଭିଦର କାଣ୍ଡକୁ ଅଧାରୁ କାଟିଦେଲେ, କ୍ଷତ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ଜଳୀୟ ପଦାର୍ଥ ବାହାରୁଥିବା ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ କରାଯାଏ । ମୂଳଜ ଚାପ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏହା ହୋଇଥାଏ ବୋଲି ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରାଯାଏ ।
  • ଗଛର କଟାଅଂଶରେ ଯଦି ଗୋଟିଏ ମାନୋମିଟର ଖଞ୍ଜି ଦିଆଯାଏ, ତେବେ ମୂଳରେ ଯେଉଁ ଚାପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ମପାଯାଇପାରେ ।
  • ଯଦି ଜଳର ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ଵପରିବହନ ପାଇଁ ମୂଳଜ ଚାପ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ, ତେବେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଗଛଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଏହି ଚାପର ପରିମାଣ ଅଧିକ ହେବା କଥା, ମାତ୍ର ତାହା ହୁଏନାହିଁ ।
  • ଏହି ସମସ୍ତ କାରଣରୁ ଜଳ ପରିବହନରେ ମୂଳଜ ଚାପର ବିଶେଷ ଭୂମିକା ନାହିଁ କହିଲେ ଚଳେ ।

→(iii) ମିଳନ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ (Cohesion theory):

  • ଉତ୍ସୁଦନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରେ ବହୁ ପରିମାଣର ଜଳକ୍ଷୟ ଯୋଗୁଁ ପତ୍ରଫଳକରେ ଜଳର ବିସରଣ ଚାପ (Diffusion pressure) କମିଯାଏ । ତେଣୁ ପତ୍ରର ଶିରାପ୍ରଶିରାରୁ ଜଳ ପତ୍ର ଫଳକ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଗତିକରେ । ଫଳରେ ଶିରାପ୍ରଶିରାରେ ଜଳର ବିସରଣ ଚାପ ମଧ୍ଯ କମିଯାଏ । ପତ୍ରଫଳକ ଓ ଶିରାପ୍ରଶିରାରେ ପୂର୍ବାବସ୍ଥା ଆଣିବାପାଇଁ ଜଳ, କାଣ୍ଡର ଜାଇଲେମ୍ ଟିସୁରୁ ପତ୍ରର ଶିରାପ୍ରଶିରାକୁ ଗତିକରେ ।
  • କାଣ୍ଡରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଜାଇଲେମ୍ରେ ଜଳର ଧାରା ଅକ୍ଷୁଣ୍ଣ ରଖୁବାପାଇଁ ଜଳ ମୂଳରୁ ଶୋଷିତ ହୋଇ କାଣ୍ଡ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆସେ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମୂଳରୁ ପତ୍ର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜଳର ଏକ ନିରବଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ଧାରା ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୁଏ ।
  • ଜଳର ଏହି ଧାରାକୁ ଉଚ୍ଛେଦନ ସ୍ରୋତ କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହି ଜଳଧାରା ନିମ୍ନୋକ୍ତ 2ଟି କାରଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ସହଜରେ ଛିନ୍ନ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ ।
  • ଅତି ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ନଳୀ ଭିତରେ ଜଳ ଅଣୁମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସଂସକ୍ତି ବଳ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ଅଧିକ ଥାଏ ।
  • ଜଳ ଓ ଜାଇଲେମ୍ ଭିଭି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥ‌ିବା ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ବଳ ଯୋଗୁଁ ଜଳ ସର୍ବଦା ଜାଇଲେମ୍ ଭିଭି ସହ ଲାଗି ରହେ ଏବଂ ଥରେ ଲାଗି ରହିଲେ ତାହା ସହଜରେ ସେଥୁ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଏ ନାହିଁ ।

କୈଶିକ ଆକର୍ଷଣ, ମୂଳଜ ଚାପ ଏବଂ ସଂସକ୍ତି ବଳ ଓ ସଂଲଗ୍ନ ବଳର ମିଳିତ ପ୍ରଭାବରେ ଉଭିଦରେ ଜଳ ତଥା ପୋଷକର ପରିବହନ ସମ୍ଭବପର ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

→ଟ୍ରାନ୍ସପେରେସନ୍ (Transpiration) :

  • ଉଭିଦର ବାୟବୀୟ ଅଂଶରୁ ଜଳୀୟବାଷ୍ପ ଆକାରରେ ଜଳର ନିର୍ଗମନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଉତ୍ସୁଦନ କହନ୍ତି ।
  • ଉଵେଦନ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମୃତ୍ତିକାରୁ ଜଳ ଓ ଧାତବ ଲବଣ ମୂଳବାଟେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରି ଗଛର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗକୁ ଯାଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଉଭିଦର ତାପମାତ୍ରା ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ସ୍ତୀମ, ତ୍ଵଚାବରଣ ଓ ବାତରନ୍ଧ୍ର ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଏହି ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ସମ୍ପାଦିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳକୁ ମୋଚିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଜଳ (୨୦%ରୁ ଅଧିକ) ସ୍ତୋମ୍ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ନିର୍ଗତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଉମ୍ବେଦନ ହାର ବଢ଼ିଲେ ଜଳ ଶୋଷଣ ହାର ମଧ୍ୟ ବଢ଼ିଯାଏ ।

→ମଣିଷ ଶରୀରରେ ପରିବହନ ସଂସ୍ଥା (Transportation in human being) :

  • ଆମେ ପରିପାକ କ୍ରିୟାଦ୍ଵାରା ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଓ ଜଳ ଆହରଣ କରିଥାଉ ଏବଂ ଶ୍ଵାସକ୍ରିୟା ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରିଥାଉ ।
  • ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ଆମ ଶରୀରରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଅଙ୍ଗପ୍ରତ୍ୟଙ୍ଗ ରହିଥାଏ ।
  • ଫୁସ୍‌ଫୁସ୍ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରେ ଓ ହଜମ ହୋଇଥିବା ଖାଦ୍ୟ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରାନ୍ତରେ ଅବଶୋଷିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ସଂଗୃହୀତ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ, ଅବଶୋଷିତ ଖାଦ୍ୟ, ଜଳ, ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ରାବୀ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥିରୁ କ୍ଷରିତ ହରମୋନ୍, ୟୁରିଆ ଆଦି ବର୍ଜ୍ୟବସ୍ତୁ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦାର୍ଥ ପରିବହନ ସଂସ୍ଥାଦ୍ୱାରା ଶରୀରର ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଥାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

→ରକ୍ତ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ (Blood circulation):

  • ଶରୀରରେ ରକ୍ତ ସଂଚାଳନ ପାଇଁ ଥିବା ନଳୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ପ୍ରାୟ 6000 ରୁ 1,60,000 କିଲୋମିଟର ଲମ୍ବ ନଳୀ ଆମ ଦେହସାରା ବିଛେଇ ହୋଇ ରହିଥାଏ ।
  • ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ ପ୍ରଧାନତଃ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାରର, ଯଥା-ଧମନୀ, ଶିରା ଓ ରକ୍ତକୈଶିକ ।
  • ଶିରା ଓ ଧମନୀ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରକ୍ତକୁ ସଞ୍ଚାଳିତ କରିବାରେ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ପମ୍ପ ପରି ଅବିରାମ ଭାବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଥାଏ ।
  • ପ୍ରଥମେ ଶିରା ରକ୍ତକୈଶିକ ଓ ପରେ ଛୋଟ ଶିରାଦ୍ବାରା ସେ ସମସ୍ତ ସଂଗୃହୀତ ହୋଇ ଶିରା ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରେ
  • ଓ ଶିରା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇ ହତପିଣ୍ଡ ଆଡକ ଆସେ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ 1

ଶିରା ଉପରେ ଥ‌ିବା ପେଶୀର ସଂକୋଚନ ଓ ପ୍ରସାରଣ ଯୋଗୁଁ ରକ୍ତ ଠେଲି ହୋଇ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆସେ । ଶିରାରେ ଏକ ବିଶେଷ ଧରଣର କପାଟିକା ରହିଥିବାରୁ ରକ୍ତ ଶିରା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପଛକୁ ଫେରି ପାରେନାହିଁ ।

ଉଇଲିୟମ୍ ହାର୍ଭେ (William Harvey, 1578-1657) ନାମକ ଜଣେ ବ୍ରିଟିଶ୍ ଡାକ୍ତର ଆମ ଶରୀରରେ ରକ୍ତ କିପରି ସଞ୍ଚାଳିତ ହୁଏ ତାହା ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ ।

→ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ (Heart) :

(i) ବାହ୍ୟ ଗଠନ :

  • ମଣିଷର ବକ୍ଷଗହ୍ଵର ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥଳରେ, ଦୁଇ ଫୁସ୍‌ଫୁସ୍ ମଝିରେ ଓ ମଧ୍ୟଚ୍ଛଦାର ଉପରେ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ବାମକୁ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ।
  • ଜଣେ ବୟଃପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ଲମ୍ବ ପ୍ରାୟ 12 ସେ.ମି., ଓସାର ପ୍ରାୟ 9 ସେ.ମି. ଓ ଓଜନ ପ୍ରାୟ 250ରୁ 300 ଗ୍ରାମ୍ ଅଟେ ।
  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡରେ ଚାରୋଟି ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ରହିଥାଏ । ଉପର ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠକୁ ଏଟ୍ରିୟମ୍ ବା ଅଳିନ୍ଦ (ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଓ ବାମ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ) ଓ ତଳ ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠକୁ ଭେଣ୍ଡ୍ରିକଲ୍ ବା ନିଳୟ (ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ବା ବାମ ନିଳୟ) କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ସହ ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ବ ମହାଶିରା ଓ ନିମ୍ନ ମହାଶିରା ନାମକ ଦୁଇଟି ବୃହତ୍ ରକ୍ତ ବାହିନୀ ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ନିଳୟ ସହିତ ଫୁସ୍‌ଫୁସ୍ ଧମନୀ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ବାମ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ସହ ଫୁସ୍‌ଫୁସ୍‌ ଶିରା ଓ ବାମ ନିଳୟ ସହ ମହାଧମନୀ ସଂଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

(ii) ଅନ୍ତଃଗଠନ :

  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ଅଳିନ୍ଦ-ନିଳୟ ଦ୍ଵାରରେ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠ ଓ ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥିତ ଦ୍ୱାରରେ କପାଟିକା ଲାଗିଥାଏ ।
  • କପାଟିକାର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରଦାକୁ ପାଖୁଡ଼ା କୁହାଯାଏ । ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ନିଳୟ ଦ୍ଵାରରେ 3 ପାଖୁଡ଼ାବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କପାଟିକା ଏବଂ ବାମ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ବାମ ନିଳୟ ଭିତରେ ଦୁଇ ପାଖୁଡ଼ାବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କପାଟିକା ରହିଥାଏ ।
  • ନିଳୟ ଓ ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥିତ କପାଟିକାକୁ ଅର୍ଦ୍ଧଚନ୍ଦ୍ରାକୃତି କପାଟିକା କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ନିଳୟ ମଧ୍ୟସ୍ଥିତ କପାଟିକା ନିଳୟ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଏବଂ ନିଳୟ ଓ ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ ମଧ୍ଯସ୍ଥିତ କପାଟିକା ରକ୍ତବାହିନୀ ଆଡ଼କୁ ଖୋଲିପାରେ । ତେଣୁ ରକ୍ତ କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ଦିଗରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

→ରକ୍ତ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ (Blood Circulation) :

  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ଗଠନ କରୁଥ‌ିବା ପେଶୀ ଶରୀରର ଅନ୍ୟ ପେଶୀଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ । ଜନ୍ମଠାରୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହି ପେଶୀ ଅନବରତ ସଙ୍କୁଚିତ ଓ ପ୍ରସାରିତ ହୋଇ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦିତ ହେଉଥାଏ ।
  • ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏକ ସୁସ୍ଥ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ହାର ଏକ ମିନିଟ୍‌କୁ 72 ଥର । ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ମାଂସପେଶୀକୁ ହୃତ୍‌ଧମନୀ ଓ ହୃତ୍‌ଶିରା ଦ୍ଵାରା ରକ୍ତ ସଞ୍ଚାଳିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ମଣିଷ ତଥା ଅନ୍ୟ ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ଓ ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ଚାରି ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଏମାନଙ୍କର ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡରେ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନଯୁକ୍ତ ରକ୍ତ ଓ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ବିହୀନ ରକ୍ତର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ହୁଏନାହିଁ ।
  • ମଣିଷ ଶରୀରରେ ବାମପଟର ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ନିଳୟ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନଯୁକ୍ତ ରକ୍ତ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ବେଳେ, ପଟ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ନିଳୟ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନବିହୀନ ରକ୍ତ ସଂଚାଳିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଶରୀରର କୌଣସି ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ଥରେ ରକ୍ତ

ମାଛରେ ରକ୍ତ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ :

  • ମାଛର ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଅଟେ । ଏଥ‌ିରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଏବଂ ଗୋଟିଏ ନିଳୟ ରହିଥାଏ ।
  • ଶରୀରରୁ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳଯୁକ୍ତ ରକ୍ତ ସଂଗୃହୀତ ହୋଇ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ଗାଲି ଭିତରକୁ ଯାଏ, ଗାଲିରେ ରକ୍ତ ଦ୍ରବୀଭୂତ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଆହରଣ କରେ ଓ ତାହା ଶରୀରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୁଏ ।
  • ରକ୍ତ କେବଳ ଥରେ ମାତ୍ର ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଏ ପ୍ରକାର ସଞ୍ଚାଳନକୁ ଏକକ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ବେଙ୍ଗରେ ରକ୍ତ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ :

  • ବେଙ୍ଗ ଆଦି ଉଭୟଚରରେ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡ ତିନି ପ୍ରକୋଷ୍ଠବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଅଟେ । ଏଥ‌ିରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଅଳିନ୍ଦ ଓ ଗୋଟିଏ ନିଳୟ ରହିଥାଏ ।
  • ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଅଳିନ୍ଦରେ ଶରୀରର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଙ୍ଗରୁ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନବିହୀନ ଓ ବାମ ଅଳିନ୍ଦରେ ଫୁସ୍‌ଫୁସରୁ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନଯୁକ୍ତ ରକ୍ତ ପହଞ୍ଚେ । ଅଳିନ୍ଦର ସଂକୋଚନ ହେଲେ ରକ୍ତ ନିଳୟ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିଥାଏ ।
    ନିଳୟର ସଂକୋଚନ ହେଲେ ମିଶ୍ରିତ ରକ୍ତ ଧମନୀ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଙ୍ଗକୁ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

→ରକ୍ତ ଚାପ(Blood Pressure):

  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ସଂକୋଚନ ଓ ପ୍ରସାରଣଦ୍ବାରା ରକ୍ତ, ଧମନୀ ମଧ୍ୟଦେଇ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ସଂକୋଚନବେଳେ ରକ୍ତ ଧମନୀ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ପଶିଥାଏ । ଫଳରେ ଧମନୀର କାନ୍ଥରେ ରକ୍ତର ଚାପ ବଢ଼ିଯାଏ ।
  • ପ୍ରସାରଣବେଳେ କିଛି ବଳକା ରକ୍ତ ଧମନୀ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥାଏ ଓ ଧମନୀ କାନ୍ଥରେ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ପୂର୍ବାପେକ୍ଷା କମିଯାଏ ।
  • ରକ୍ତର ପ୍ରବାହ ଫଳରେ ଧମନୀ କାନ୍ଥରେ ଯେଉଁ ଚାପ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ରକ୍ତଚାପ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ସଂକୋଚନଜନିତ ଚାପକୁ ସିଷ୍ଟୋଲିକ୍ ଓ ପ୍ରସାରଣ ବେଳର ଚାପକୁ ଡାୟାଷ୍ଟାଲିକ୍ ଚାପ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏକ ସୁସ୍ଥ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ବେଳର ସିଷ୍ଟାଲିକ୍ ଚାପ 120 ମିମି ପାରଦମାନ (120 mm Hg) ଏବଂ ଡାୟାଷ୍ଟାଲିକ୍ ଚାପ 80 ମିମି ପାରଦମାନ (80 mm Hg) ।
  • ରକ୍ତଚାପ ଷ୍ଟିଗ୍‌ମ୍ୟାନୋମିଟର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ମପାଯାଏ ।
  • କୌଣସି କାରଣରୁ ଧମନୀ ସଙ୍କୁଚିତ ହେଲେ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ବଢ଼ିଯାଏ । ଏହାକୁ ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ (ହାଇପର୍‌ଟେନ୍‌ସନ୍ ) କୁହାଯାଏ । ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ ହେଲେ ଧମନୀ ଫାଟିଯିବାର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ଥାଏ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ 2

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

→ରକ୍ତ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧିବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା (Clotting of blood)

  • ଶରୀରର କୌଣସି ସ୍ଥାନ କଟିଗଲେ ବା ଖଣ୍ଡିଆ ହୋଇଗଲେ ସେ ସ୍ଥାନରୁ ରକ୍ତ ବାହାରେ । କିଛି ସମୟ ପରେ ସେ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ରକ୍ତ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧେ ଓ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ବନ୍ଦ ହୁଏ । ପ୍ଲାଜ୍‌ମାରେ ଥିବା ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ରକ୍ତଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ୟ କରିଥାଏ ।
  • ଖଣ୍ଡିଆ ହୋଇ ରକ୍ତ ବାହାରିଲେ କ୍ଷତ ଟିସୁ ଓ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଯାଇଥବା ଅଣୁଚକ୍ରିକା ବାୟୁର ସଂସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ଆସିବା ଫଳରେ କ୍ଷତସ୍ଥାନରେ ଥୟୋପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିନ୍ ନାମକ ଏକ ଲିପୋପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟିହୁଏ ।
  • ଏହା ରକ୍ତରେ ଥ‌ିବା କ୍ୟାଲସିୟମ୍ ଆୟନ (Catt) ତଥା ଏନ୍‌ଜାଇମ୍ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ପ୍ଲାଜ୍‌ମାରେ ଥ‌ିବା ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ପ୍ରୋଥ୍ରୋସ୍ପିନ୍‌କୁ ଥୁମ୍ବିନ୍ ନାମକ ଏକ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଏନ୍‌ଜାଇମ୍‌ରେ ପରିଣତ କରାଏ ।
  • ଥୁମ୍ବିନ୍ ପ୍ରଭାବରେ ଫାଇବ୍ରେନୋଜେନ୍ ନାମକ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ପ୍ଲାଜ୍‌ମା-ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ଫାଇବ୍ରେନ୍‌ରେ ପରିଣତ ହୁଏ ।
  • ଅଦ୍ରବଣୀୟ ଓ ତନ୍ତୁ ପରି ଥ‌ିବା ଏହି ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ କ୍ଷତ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଠୁଳ ହୋଇ ସେଠାରେ ଏକ ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ଜାଲ ତିଆରି କରେ ।
  • ଏହି ଜାଲରେ ରକ୍ତକଣିକା ଓ ଅଣୁଚକ୍ରିକା ଛନ୍ଦି ହେବାଦ୍ଵାରା ଖଣ୍ଡିଆ ସ୍ଥାନ ଉପରେ ଏକ ପତଳା ଆସ୍ତରଣ ତିଆରି ହୁଏ । ଫଳରେ କ୍ଷତରୁ ରକ୍ତ ବାହାରି ପାରେନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।

ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ ରକ୍ତ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧିବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା :
କ୍ଷତ ଟିସୁ ଓ କୋଷ ତଥା ଭାଙ୍ଗିଥ‌ିବା ଅଣୁଚକ୍ରିକାରୁ ଜାତ ଥ୍ରୋୟୋପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିନ୍ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ
BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ 3
(ଗ) ଫାଇବ୍ରେନ୍ ଜାଲ, ରକ୍ତକଣିକା →ଏବଂ ଅଣୁଚକ୍ରିକା

7. ଶିରା ଓ ଧମନୀ ଭିତରେ ରକ୍ତ ସ୍ଵାଭାବିକ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧି ନଥାଏ, କାରଣ କ୍ଷତ ନ ହେଲେ ପ୍ରୟୋପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିନ୍ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ । ଏହାଛଡ଼ା ରକ୍ତରେ କିଛି ପରିମାଣରେ ହିପାରିନ୍ ନାମକ ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ରହିଛି ଯାହା ରକ୍ତକୁ ଜମାଟ ବାନ୍ଧିବାକୁ ଦିଏ ନାହିଁ ।

→ରକ୍ତ ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ (Blood group)

  • ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିରେ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ବର୍ଗର ରକ୍ତ ଥାଏ । ଏହି ତଥ୍ୟ କାର୍ଲ ଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡଷ୍ଟେଇନର୍‌ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ । ଏଥ‌ିପାଇଁ 1930 ମସିହାରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ନୋବେଲ୍‌ ପୁରସ୍କାରରେ ସମ୍ମାନିତ ମଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।
  • ସେ ଦର୍ଶାଇଥିଲେ ଯେ ଲୋହିତ ରକ୍ତକଣିକାର ବାହ୍ୟ ଆବରଣରେ ରହିଛି କିଛି ବିଶେଷ ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ । ଏହି ପ୍ରୋଟିକୁ ସେ A ଓ B ନାମରେ ନାମିତ କଲେ ।
  • ଲୋହିତ ରକ୍ତକଣିକାର ଆବରଣରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଏହି ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍‌କୁ ଏଣ୍ଟିଜେନ୍ କୁହାଯାଏ । ପ୍ଲାଜମାରେ ସେହିପରି ରହିଛି ଦୁଇଟି ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ଯାହାକୁ ଏଣ୍ଟିବଡ଼ି କୁହାଯାଏ ।
  • ଏଣ୍ଟିଜେନ୍ ଓ ଏଣ୍ଟିବଡ଼ିର ବିଶେଷତ୍ୱ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଏଣ୍ଟିବଡ଼ି କେବଳ ତାହାପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଏଣ୍ଟିଜେନ୍‌କୁ ଚିହ୍ନିପାରେ ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ

ABO ରକ୍ତବର୍ଗ

  • ଲୋହିତ ରକ୍ତ କଣିକା ଆବରଣରେ ଥ‌ିବା ଏଣ୍ଟିଜେନ ଏବଂ ପ୍ଲାଜମାରେ ଥିବା ଏଣ୍ଟିବଡ଼ିର ଉପସ୍ଥିତି ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରି ମଣିଷରେ ଚାରୋଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ରକ୍ତ ବର୍ଗ ନିରୂପିତ ହୋଇଛି ।
  • ଏହି ବର୍ଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛି A, B, AB, O ।

BSE Odisha 10th Class Life Science Notes Chapter 3 ପରିବହନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚାଳନ 4

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 11 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 11th Class English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Oft, In The Stilly Night Text Book Questions and Answers

Think It Out

Question 1.
When do the past memories occur to the poet?
Answer:
The past memories occur to the poet before he finds himself in deep sleep.

Question 2.
What does “other days” mean?
Answer:
‘Other days’ means the days coming nearer and this creates a sense of impending doom.

Question 3.
Are the memories of boyhood sweet or sad? Quote the line in support of your answer. How does the poet grieve for his dear ones who have passed away?
Answer:
Memories of boyhood are both sweet and sad. The lines :
“The smiles, the tears”
“The eyes that shone”
“Now dimm’d and gone”
“The cheerful hearts now broken !”
bring out sad memories.

Besides the lines
“Of boyhood’s years”
“The words of love then spoken”
describe sweet memories.
The poet grieves for his dear and near ones who have passed away in his nostalgic vein.

Question 4.
How does he recall his friends?
Answer:
He sadly recalls his friends who were very close to him. They are now all dead.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 5.
Does the poet feel lonely in the absence of his near and dear ones? Quote the line in support of your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the poet feels lonely in the absence of his dear and near ones. The line “Who trades alone” states this.

Question 6.
A simile is a figure of speech used to make a comparison between two unlike things using ‘as’, and ‘like’ … What figure of speech does the poet use to express his loneliness?
Answer:
The poet used metaphor to express his loneliness.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 7.
The figure of speech used to express inanimate beings as animate is called personification. Give the example of personification used m the poem.
Answer:
The line “slumber’s chain has bound me” is an example of personification.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Oft, In The Stilly Night Important Questions and Answers

A. Short Answer Type Questions with Answers

1. Read through the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When I remember all
The friends, so linked together,
I’ve seen around me fall,
Like leaves in wintry weather;
I feel like one
Who treads alone

Some banquet-hall deserted,
Whose lights are fled,
Whose garlands dead,
And all but he departed!

Thus, on a stilly night,
Ere slumber’s chain has bound me,
Sad memory brings the light
Of other days around me.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Questions :
(i) “So linked together.” Explain its significance.

(ii) Explain :
“I’ve seen around me fall,
Like leaves in wintry weather;”

(iii) Why is ‘Some banquet-hall deserted’?

(iv) What does this extract indicate?

(v) Account for repetition of words ‘whose’ and ‘he’ signify?

Answers :
(i) The expression “So linked together” implies the poet’s close Mends.

(ii) With the advent of winter, leaves wither. Like them, his friends have passed away in course of time.

(iii) Some banquet-hall looks empty, because his dear and near ones, and his friends are all dead.

(iv) This extract indicates the poet’s transition from boyhood to the present time by switching from past to present tense.

(v) The repetition of ‘whose’ and ‘he’ indicate personalization.

B.Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Choose the correct option.
Introducing the poet and Warm-up

Thomas Moore…………. away.
Question 1.
Who among the following is the poet of the poem “Oft, In The Stilly Night”?
(a) Thomas Hardy.
(b) Thomas Moore.
(c) John Milton.
(d) John Keats.
Answer:
(b) Thomas Moore.

Question 2.
The description in this poem is mainly about :
(a) a natural science.
(b) the life of a great man.
(c) the memories of the past.
(d) a hero of a great battle.
Answer:
(c) the memories of the past.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 3.
In the poem the poet longs for :
(a) the days have gone by, and the dear ones who have passed away.
(b) the hero of battle who fought till the last drop of his bloodshed.
(c) the natural beauty which he had seen while visiting a hill station.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) the days have gone by, and the dear ones who have passed away.

The Text
Lines from 1 to 14
Oft, in the stilly night……….. days around me.
Question 4.
How was the night that the poet refers to?
(a) stormy.
(b) stilly.
(c) shivering.
(d) snowy.
Answer:
(b) stilly.

Question 5.
What do you mean by the word ‘stilly’?
(a) disturbing.
(b) fearful.
(c) calm.
(d)horror.
Answer:
(c) calm.

Question 6.
Which kind of ‘chain’ does the poet here refer to?
(a) chain of iron.
(b) chain of dreams.
(c) chain of deep sleep.
(d) chain of thoughts.
Answer:
(c) chain of deep sleep.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 7.
What do you mean by the word ‘slumber’?
(a) deep breathe.
(b) deep sleep.
(c) deep thought.
(d) deep voice.
Answer:
(b) deep sleep.

Question 8.
What does the word ‘light’ mean?
(a) the sunshine.
(b) the joy.
(c) the sorrow.
(d) the moonlight.
Answer:
(b) the joy.

Question 9.
What do the words ‘other days’ mean?
(a) the days other than his days of the tour.
(b) the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.
(c) the days of his childhood.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 10.
He remembers the smiles and the tears of a particular period. Which is that?
(a) period of childhood.
(b) period of youth.
(c) period of his tours and travels.
(d) period of the old hood.
Answer:
(a) period of childhood.

Question 11.
What does the poet feel to have lost?
(a) his childhood days.
(b) his memory of good and bad days.
(c) the shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his near and dear ones.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) the shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his near and dear ones.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

A line from 15 to 28
When I remember………….. ….days around me.
Question 12.
Whom does the poet remember?
(a) his friends who had gone.
(b) his friends who are still alive.
(c) his forefathers who have gone.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) his friends who had gone.

Question 13.
How did his friends leave this world?
(a) like a journey to heaven.
(b) like leaves in winter weather.
(c) like everybody in this world.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) like leaves in winter weather.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 14.
What does it imply ‘so linked together’?
(a) people in the link.
(b) people of an association.
(c) poet’s close friends.
(d) natural things linked together.
Answer:
(c) poet’s close friends.

Question 15.
What do you mean by the expression ‘banquet-hall deserted’?
(a) nobody in the hall to enjoy the feast.
(b) the loneliness of the last survivor.
(c) loss of cheerfulness in life.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) the loneliness of the last survivor.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 16.
‘And all but he departed.’ In this line the word ‘he’ refers to :
(a) to the man who is not dead.
(b) the best friend of the poet.
(c) the poet himself.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) the poet himself.

Question 17.
One line of the poem signifies that the poet is all alone. What is that line?
(a) Line 19
(b) Line 20
(c) Line 21
(d) Line 24
Answer:
(b) Line 20

Question 18.
Which words in the poem express personification?
(a) in the stilly night.
(b) slumber’s chain.
(c) who treads alone.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) slumber’s chain.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Question 19.
What do you mean by the word ‘departed’?
(a) went away.
(b) divided.
(c) dead.
(d) separated.
Answer:
(c) dead.

Question 20.
What’s the expression of the line ‘Whose lights are fled”?
(a) the joys of their happiness are gone.
(b) who have lost their lives?
(c) the light of their lives has become a beam.
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) the joys of their happiness are gone.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Detailed Summaries and Glossary
Stanza – 1 (Lines 1-14)
Gist with Glossary
Gist :
Stanza one presents two periods of memories, sweet and sad that occupy the poet’s mind. It begins with memories of boyhood. It was a blend of joy, love, and sorrow. The shining eyes and the cheerful hearts of his dear and near ones met with the tragic loss. He remembers these days in a quiet night before deep sleep takes hold of him

Glossary:
Oft: often (ବାରମ୍ବାର, ବହୁବାର)
Stilly: calm, silent (ନୀରବ, ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧ)
Slumber: deep sleep (ଗଭୀର ନିଦ୍ରା)
The Light: (here) joy (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
Other Days: the days when the poet was away from his friends and his kith and kin.
The eyes…gone: The death of those whom he loved most
The cheerful…… broken: indicate death

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Stanza – 2 (Lines 15-28)
Gist With Glossary
Gist:
Stanza two begins with the poet’s remembrance of close friends. He has seen them like withered leaves in the wintry cold. He now feels lonely. He sees the deserted banquet hall. The lights and garlands there are all gone with the death of each and every friend. They have left him alone to remember them in the stillness of night before he finds himself in deep sleep. Sad memory freshens the happy and joyful days he had spent not only with his friends but with other people around him.

Glossary:
The Friends….together: the poet’s close friend.
I have…….. fall: his friends are no more.
like……… weather: they have withered as the leaves fall as a result of bitter wintry cold.
I feel……… alone: the poet wilts under loneliness.
banquet…….. deserted: The banquet hall is empty. There is no sign of his friends.
whose…….. dead: They are all dead.
And all but he departed: Each of his close friends has died. He remains a lone survivor.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

Introducing The Poet

Thomas Moore, an Irish poet, is a singer, songwriter, and entertainer. Besides, he is a satirist and a propagandist. He is now best remembered for The Lyrics of the Minstrel Boy and The Last Rose of Summer. In his lifetime, he was often referred to as Anacreon Moore.

About The Poet

Moore’s Oft, In the Stilly Night, throws light on two periods (past and present) and memories (boyhood and present). There is a tinge of nostalgia about it. It is one of the most magnificent songs of Moore with a complete adjustment of words to music and music to words with a very fine quality poetical merit in the verse. The theme of death pervades the poem.

Summary

The poet walks down the memory. He recollects memories, sweet and sad, in the calm night before deep sleep grips him. ‘The smiles, the tears’ of his ‘boyhood years’ flash before his mind’s eye. Besides loving words of his dear and near ones ring his ears. Their shining eyes are no more. Their gay hearts do not exist. The poet’s remembrance of the sad past takes him back to the days of sunshine and happiness he had had with his kith and kin. In short, death is first presented in the shining eyes that are ‘now dimmed and gone’.

It is next presented as ‘cheerful hearts now broken’. The poet’s mind is filled with near-present memories of ‘friends, so link’d together’. Death is presented here as friends who ‘fall/like leaves in wintry weather’. Death again is presented in a personal connection and in a threatening way. He remembers the day when his dear ones left some banquet-hall one by one. They have passed away. He is the lone survivor. In other words, he recollects the past in a state of deep sorrow.

CHSE Odisha Class 11 English Solutions Poem 2 Oft, In The Stilly Night

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବି Thomas Moore ଏହି କବିତାରେ ଜୀବନର ଦୁଇଟି ସମୟର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି – ବାଲ୍ୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ଓ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନର ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା । ରାତିର ଗଭୀରତା ସହିତ ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ୟ ବଢୁଥାଏ, ପରିବେଶର ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତା ଓ ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ୟ ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ଵକୁ ବିସ୍ତାରିତ କରୁଥାଏ । କବି ଶୟନ କକ୍ଷକୁ ଯାଆନ୍ତି ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନେବାପାଇଁ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଅତୀତର ସ୍ମୃତି ପ୍ରକାର ଚିନ୍ତାରେ । ପିଲା ସମୟର ସୁଖ ଓ ଦୁଃଖର ଚିନ୍ତାଗୁଡ଼ାକ ମନ ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଧସେଇ ପଶିଆସେ । କବିଙ୍କ ଚିନ୍ତା ବାଲ୍ୟାବସ୍ଥାର ସ୍ମୃତିରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଛି । ଏହା ଥିଲା ଆନନ୍ଦ, ପ୍ରେମ ଓ ଦୁଃଖର ଏକ ସମ୍ମିଶ୍ରଣ । ବାଲ୍ୟାବସ୍ଥାର ଏହି ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହୁଏ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସେହି ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଆଖି ଓ ନିର୍ମଳ ହୃଦୟ ଆଉ ନାହିଁ । କବିଙ୍କର ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦ ଓ ମଧୁର ମୁହୂର୍ଭର ସୂ ତିଚାରଣ ହୁଏ । ଯୁବକ ଅବସ୍ଥାର ସେହି ପ୍ରେମ ବିଭୋରିତ ମୁହୂର୍ଭ ବି କବିଙ୍କର ମନେପଡ଼େ ।

ଆଜି କବି ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟର ଉପନୀତ।ସେଦିନର ସେହି ନିର୍ମଳ ହୃଦୟ ଓ ଉଜ୍ଜଳ ଆଖିକୁ ଆଜି ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ମଳିନତା ଗ୍ରାସ କରିଛି । ଚାଲିଯାଇଛି ସେହି ଆନନ୍ଦମୟ ପ୍ରେମ ବିଭୋରିତ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ । ଆଜି ତାଙ୍କର ହୃଦୟ ହୋଇଛି ଶୁଷ୍କ ଓ ନୀରସ । ଏହା ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଖଣ୍ଡ ଖଣ୍ଡ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧ ରାତ୍ରିର ଗଭୀରତା ତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ନେଇ ଆସିଛି ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ହତାଶାର ଚିତ୍ର । କବିଙ୍କର ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ ହୁଏ ସାଙ୍ଗମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ସେହି ସୁନେଲି ମୁହୂର୍ଭ, ଯେତେବେଳେ କି ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଗହଣରେ ଆନନ୍ଦଭରା ନାଚ ଓ ଗୀତରେ ସମୟ ଅତିବାହିତ କରିଥିଲେ । ଏବେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ପରିପ୍ରକାଶ ଘଟିଛି । ସେ ଆଜି ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟରେ ଉପନୀତ । ସାଙ୍ଗମାନେ ସମସ୍ତେ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଗଲେଣି । ଏବେ ସେ ଏକାକୀ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇ ବଞ୍ଚ୍ ଭିତରେ । ସେ ହୋଇଯାଇଛନ୍ତି ଏକ ପରିତ୍ୟକ୍ତ ଭୋଜିଭାତ ଘରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ବୁଲୁଥିବା ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ଭଳି । କିଛି ଉଠୁଥ‌ିବା ଘରଟି ଏବେ ନିର୍ଜନ ଓ ନିଃସଙ୍ଗ ହୋଇଯାଇଛି । ଆଲୋକ ଲିଭିଯାଇଛି ଓ ଫୁଲମାଳ ମଉଳି ଯାଇଛି । ସମସ୍ତେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ରାତ୍ରିର ନିର୍ଜନତା ମଧ୍ଯରେ ।