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Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 3 A Psalm of Life Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 3 A Psalm of Life

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English A Psalm of Life Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Does the title suggest what the poem is about?
Answer:
Yes, the title suggests what the poem is about. This poem is called ‘psalm’ because it lays stress on certain basic values of life.

Question 2.
What does the poet say about ‘life’ in the first stanza?
Answer:
In the first stanza, the poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 3.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real !’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 4.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on the ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 5.
Quote the line which means – ‘death is not the goal of life’.
Answer:
The line ‘And the grave is not its goal’ means – ‘death is not the goal of life.’

Question 6.
What attitude does the poet challenge in the first two stanzas? Is the attitude of the poet positive or negative?
Answer:
The poet challenges the negative attitude in the first two stanzas. The poet’s attitude is positive out and out.

Question 7.
‘Dust thou art, to dust thou returnest’ – This expression alludes to the Bible. What are the other lines in the poem that make an allusion to the Bible?
Answer:
The lines, Life is real! Life is earnest! Be not like dumb, driven cattle! make an allusion to the Bible.

Question 8.
What does the poet say about the goal of life in Stanza 3?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 9.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beautiful is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 10.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 11.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 12.
What do the lives of great men remind us of?
Answer:
The lives of great men remind us to make our life noble.

Question 13.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 14.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 15.
Do you find each stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each .stanza has a recurrent rhythm pattern : 8 syllables, 7 syllables, 8 syllables, 7 syllables? What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
Answer:
Yes, every stanza has four lines rhyming alternately at the end and each stanza has a recurrent rhyme pattern. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab.

Question 16.
The poet uses some depressing words as ‘mournful’, ‘empty’, ‘dead’, ‘grave’. What other such words does he use in the poem?
Answer:
The poet uses other depressing words such as ‘muffled drums’, ‘funeral’, ‘bury’, ‘departing’, and ‘forlorn’.

Question 17.
What is the tone of the poem – inspring or despairing?
Answer:
The tone of the poem is inspiring.

Question 18.
‘Simile’ is a figure of speech making comparison between two unlike things based on a similarity in one aspect. Ex: ‘Still, like muffled drums…’ (Stanza 4, line 3). What other similes do you find in the poem?
Answer:
The other similes we find in the poem are ‘be not like dumb, driven cattle ’ (stanza 5, line 3), ‘Be a hero in the strife.’ (Stanza 5, line 4).

Question 19.
“Life is but an empty dream !” – what figure of speech is used here? Quote another line of the same stanza in which this figure of speech is used.
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is a ‘metaphor’. Another line of the same stanza

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English A Psalm of Life Important Questions and Answers

l. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The first stanza here indicates the poet’s -?
(A) calm acceptance of fife
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life.
(C) dream of life
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) blunt rejection of a pessimistic attitude to life .

Question 2.
The line ‘For the soul is dead that slumbers’ has a reference to the -?
(A) Bible
(B) philosophy of life
(C) the poet’s spiritualism
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) Bible

Question 3.
The word ‘grave’ means -?
(A) serious
(B) arrogant
(C) death
(D) disease
Answer:
(C) death

Question 4.
Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The essence of life is action.
(B) Life lies in meditation.
(C) There is no room for enjoyment in life.
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) Life lies in meditation.

Question 5.
Time ______________?
(A) moves slowly
(B) temporal
(C) flees fast
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) flees fast

Question 6.
The expression ‘like muffled drums’ signifies a tone of -?
(A) disbelief
(B) seriousness
(C) music
(D) exuberance
Answer:
(B) seriousness

Question 7.
The word‘strife’means -?
(A) the rough and tumble of life
(B) challenge
(C) wrangle
(D) noise
Answer:
(A) the rough and tumble of life

Question 8.
The line ‘Heart within, and God o’erhead’ bears the stamp of the poet’s?
(A) unflinching sincerity
(B) infinite patience
(C) belief in God
(D) both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (A) and (C)

Question 9.
The word ‘foot-prints’ means?
(A) signs of foot
(B) glorious deeds
(C) symbols
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) glorious deeds

Question 10.
Let us then be up and doing. Does this mean?
(A) elevated
(B) exalted
(C) active
(D) accelerate
Answer:
(C) active

Question 11.
What year the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’ was written?
(A) 1810
(B) 1870
(C) 1880
(D) 1838
Answer:
(D) 1838

Question 12.
What is a‘Psalm’?
(A) a story
(B) an instruction
(C) a way of life
(D) a hymn
Answer:
(D) a hymn

Question 13.
Who does the poet address in the opening lines of the poem ‘A Psalm of Life’?
(A) the readers
(B) his friends
(C) those who say life is unreal
(D) those who mourn
Answer:
(C) those who say life is unreal

Question 14.
Who say in mournful numbers that life is but an empty dream?
(A) pessimist
(B) poets
(C) churches
(D) some people
Answer:
(A) pessimist

Question 15.
The poem was included in the collection?
(A) Poem on slavery
(B) Voices of the right
(C) The courtship of miles standish
(D) Tales from a wayside inn
Answer:
(B) Voices of the right

Question 16.
Who is the speaker?
(A) a narrator
(B) a psalmist
(C) God
(D) a young man
Answer:
(D) a young man

Question 17.
The main thing the young man advises is to ___________________?
(A) think
(B) act
(C) question
(D) pray
Answer:
(B) act

Question 18.
The young man does not want to hear that life is ___________________?
(A) an empty clream
(B) completed
(C) hard
(D) soft
Answer:
(A) an empty clream

Question 19.
Heartbeats are compared to _____________________?
(A) waves
(B) footsteps
(C) lightning
(D) drums
Answer:
(D) drums

Question 20.
Life is compared to a ________________?
(A) book
(B) garden
(C) battlefield
(D) sky
Answer:
(C) battlefield

Question 21.
What animal does the young man not want?
(A) cattle
(B) donkey
(C) pigs
(D) sheep
Answer:
(A) cattle

Question 22.
Life is also compared to an _________________?
(A) ocean
(B) sky
(C) forest
(D) mountain
Answer:
(A) ocean

Question 23.
We must learn to labour and to _________________?
(A) ask
(B) win
(C) die
(D) wait
Answer:
(D) wait

Question 24.
The tone is _________________________?
(A) angry
(B) optimistic
(C) bleak
(D) confused
Answer:
(B) optimistic

Question 25.
The young man advocated living _______________?
(A) heroically
(B) passively
(C) dominantly
(D) vacantly
Answer:
(A) heroically

Question 26.
How is a soul that is inactive?
(A) sluggish
(B) slow
(C) dead
(D) useless
Answer:
(A) sluggish

Question 27.
According to the poet, things are not ___________________?
(A) what they look
(B) what they seem
(C) how they feel
(D) how they act
Answer:
(B) what they seem

Question 28.
What is not the aim of life?
(A) earning money
(B) living like a dead man
(C) death
(D) working like donkey
Answer:
(C) death

Question 29.
What is not life’s goal?
(A) riches
(B) power
(C) religion
(D) grave
Answer:
(D) grave

Question 30.
The poet advises us not to dwell in the?
(A) day dreams
(B) past
(C) future
(D) present
Answer:
(B) past

Question 31.
What should we do?
(A) Live in the present
(B) Believe in God
(C) Trust no future
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 32.
Why should we live in the present?
(A) Because this is what is correct
(B) Because it will make the God happy
(C) Because we have control over our past .
(D) Because we cannot change our future
Answer:
(A) Because this is what is correct

Question 33.
What do lives of great men remind us of?
(A) How we can live in present
(B) How not to dwell in the past
(C) We can make our lives noble
(D) We can be heroes of the battle
Answer:
(C) We can make our lives noble

Question 34.
What do we leave behind when we die?
(A) Our good deeds
(B) Out past
(C) Our mark
(D) Our riches
Answer:
(A) Our good deeds

Question 35.
Where do we leave our footprints?
(A) On the sands
(B) On time
(C) In the history
(D) Quicksand
Answer:
(C) In the history

Question 36.
Whom will our sublime lives inspire?
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity
(B) those who live in present
(C) Those who make their future good
(D) Those who strive to success
Answer:
(A) Those who progress on the path of sublimity

Question 37.
Lives of great men also inspire those who have failed in life and feel?
(A) hopeless
(B) lost in the ocean of life
(C) motivated
(D) wrecked
Answer:
(B) lost in the ocean of life

Question 38.
How would the lives of noble men help those in distress?
(A) By calming them
(B) By showing them good future
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic
(D) By telling them motivating tales
Answer:
(C) By inspiring and making them optimistic

Question 39.
What does “With a heart for any fate” mean?
(A) Ready to face any situation
(B) Ready whole heartedly
(C) Ready to lead a hearty life
(D) Ready for future
Answer:
(A) Ready to face any situation

Question 40.
What does the poet advice the readers?
(A) To work and progress
(B) To labour and have patience
(C) To learn and prosper
(D) Have a fearless heart
Answer:
(B) To labour and have patience

Question 41.
What is fleeting?
(A) Life
(B) Time
(C) Noble deeds
(D) Death
Answer:
(B) Time

Question 42.
What does ‘Still achieving, still pursuing” mean?
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement
(B) Leading a successful and inspiring life
(C) Never submit and fighting continuously
(D) Always achieving and pursuing
Answer:
(A) Continuously making progress and seeking improvement

Question 43.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a/an _______________ poet?
(A) English
(B) American
(C) Irish
(D) Scottish
Answer:
(B) American

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
What does the poet say about ‘life’?
Answer:
The poet says that life is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is of no use. He also says that people with a gloomy view of life do not understand the language of reality.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘Life is real! Life is earnest!’?
Answer:
By ‘Life is real!’ Life is earnest!’, the poet means life is purposeful as well as serious. It should not be treated lightly. These two sentences constitute the positive assertion of the poet.

Question 3.
What is the poet’s observation on the ‘soul’?
Answer:
The poet’s observation on ‘soul’ is that one who sleeps and dreams in one’s sleep is really a dead man.

Question 4.
What does the poet say about the goal of life?
Answer:
The poet says that the goal of life is neither enjoyment nor despair. Instead, it is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

Question 5.
What is the poet’s observation on ‘Art’?
Answer:
In the poet’s view, ‘Art’ – the creation of the beauty is not short-lived. It stands the ravaging force of time. In other words, ‘Art’ is timless.

Question 6.
‘Be a hero in the strife !’ – is it an inspiring call of the poet? What other things does the poet urge us to do?
Answer:
Yes, it is, undoubtedly, an inspiring call of the poet. The poet urges us to prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’, to act, to be confident, learn to work hard and wait for rewards.

Question 7.
Why does the poet prefer the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’?
Answer:
The poet prefers the ‘present’ to ‘past’ and ‘future’ because the present is the reality, the ‘future’ is uncertain and the ‘past’ brings us sorrow.

Question 8.
How do the examples of great men help a person in distress?
Answer:
The examples of great men serve as a source of inspiration to a person in distress. Besides, they give him great confidence to overcome hardships in life.

Question 9.
How can we make our life sublime? (last stanza)
Answer:
We can make our life sublime by drawing inspiration from the glorious deeds left by great men ‘on the sand of time’.

Question 10.
What does the poet tell us about the future and the past?
Answer:
The poet says that we should forget the past, because it’s dead. He states that we should not trust future, however rosy it may be, because it is uncertain.

Question 11.
What does the expression ‘muffled drums’ signify?
Answer:
The ‘muffled drums’ signify the sound of drums made dull by covering them with cloth. At funerals drums are thus muffled to match the solemn occasion.

Question 12.
Explain the significance of ‘in the world’s broad field of battle’?
Answer:
The line ‘In the world’s broad field of battle’ implies life is a temporary camp. The world we live in is a vast battle field where we are all soldiers, when we feel tired, we take rest in that camp.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-3)
Tell me ……………………………………………………………………………………… than today.
The poet urges us not to think that life is sad. Life, he says, is not a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
କବି ଜୀବନକୁ ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବୋଲି ନ ଭାବିବାକୁ ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେ କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ ନୁହେଁ । ଆଳସ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ବ୍ୟର୍ଥ ଅଟେ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର ବାସ୍ତବିକତାକୁ ବୁଝିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଭାବଗମ୍ଭୀର । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକା ଭାବରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଅନ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ । କବି କୁହନ୍ତି ଜୀବନ ଉପଭୋଗ ପାଇଁ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ଯେଉଁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଞ୍ଚୁଛୁ, ସେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଦୁଃଖକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ରୟ ଦେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ହେଉଛି କର୍ମ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ସବୁବେଳେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଅଗ୍ରସର ହେବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
psalm : sacred song. The title suggests the solemnity of the theme. (ସଂହିତା ଗୀତ)
tell me not : Here the negative begining emphasizes the poet’s positive point of view.
mournful numbers : sad verses (ଦୁଃଖପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା )
empty dream : a meaninglèss dream giving no satisfaction, unreal thing (ଅର୍ଥହୀନ ସ୍ବପ୍ନ)
soul : the soul …. slumbers : the life of an idle man is useless
slumbers : sleeps (here remains idle) (ଅଳସୁଆ)
And …. seem : It is reminiscent of Clough’s ‘Say Not the struggle Naught Avai leth.’ if hopes were dupes, years may be liars; It may be, in you smoke concealed, Your comrades chase e ‘en now the fliers, And, but for you, possess the field.
earnest : full of seriousness not an empty dream to be treated . This positive assertion of the poet strikes lightly the key note of the poem : Death is not life’s end.
And goal : a quotation from the Bible (ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଜୀବନର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ନୁହେଁ)
Dust returnest : a quotation from the Bible regarding the mortality of the human body (ଜୀବନ ମରଣଶୀଳ)
Was soul : It was spoken of the body only
destined : decided in advance
But … than today: It is action that constitutes the hall-mark of life. The poet inspires us to conduct ourselves each day in such a way that we may find ourselves everyday better than before.

Stanza – (4-6)
Art is …………………………………………………………………… God o ‘erhead!
The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is short-lived. So a man should not waste time. In other words, there is much to be achieved in a short span of life. With the march of time, we are moving closer to death. The expression ‘muffled dreams’ splendidly exemplifies this fact. The poet presents a war imagery as the march to the grave has been transferred to march to battle. By comparing life with a ‘bivouac’, a temporary camp site during a battle, the poet reminds again of the shortness of human existence. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor reflect the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଅମର, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ମଣିଷ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଅଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କିଛି କରିବାର ଅଛି । ସମୟ ସ୍ରୋତରେ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର ହୋଇଯାଉଛୁ । ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ବାଜୁଥିବା ଢୋଲର ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଅଥଚ ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷୀଣସ୍ଵର’ ଏହାକୁ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି । ଏଠାରେ କବି ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମିରୁ ଉପମା ଦେଇ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ଅଭିଯାନ ସହିତ ମଣିଷର ଶ୍ମଶାନ ଯାତ୍ରାକୁ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଜୀବନକୁ ରଣଭୂମିର ଅସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶିବିର ସହ ତୁଳନା କରି ମାନବ ଜୀବନର କ୍ଷୀଣଭଙ୍ଗୁରତା ବିଷୟରେ ମନେପକାଇ ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ମୂକ ଗୋମହିଷାଦି ପଶୁ ଭଳି ଆମର ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ରଣକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖୁବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ମଣିଷ ଏକ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଜରୁରୀ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା ଅତୀତକୁ ନେଇ ଅନୁଶୋଚନା କରିବା ନାହିଁ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକୁ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଜୀବନ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ ।

Glossary
Art : the creation or the expression of the beautiful
stout : strong
muffled drums : the sound of drums made dull by wrapping them in cloth. At funerals, drums are thus muffled to suit the solemn occasion.
marches : music for marching to.The poet has in mind a march for the dead
bivouac : temporary camp for troops without tents or other cover
dumb : unable to speak. Here the word also means stupid and dull. The images of the ‘dumb, driven cattle’ suggests meek submissiveness.
Be a hero … strife!: The poet is overtly didactic
strife : fight (ସଂଘର୍ଷ)
trust : rely (ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବା )
pleasant : fine (ସୁନ୍ଦର)
bury : here forget (ଭୁଲିଯିବା)
Let dead ! : put away what is past and forget the same (ଅତୀତକୁ ଭୁଲିଯାଅ)
Act Present !: Here the poet lays emphäsis on action. The word ‘living’ sounds signifies it. (ବର୍ଷ ମାନ ସମୟକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ ନ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିଯାଅ ।)
Heart within and God o’erhead! : with courage in your heart and faith in God (ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ରଖ)

Stanza – (7-9)
Lives of …………………………………………………………… to wait
Lives of great men serve as an inspirational force to us. They have left this world not in vain. They have left glorious deeds behind them ‘on the sand of time’. We can make our lives beautiful by following their examples. Brimmed with confidence and courage, we should face every situation in life. Action should be our motto. We should learn to work hard and wait for the results.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରେରଣାର ଉତ୍ସ ସଦୃଶ । ଏହି ପୃଥ‌ିବୀକୁ ସେମାନେ ବୃଥାରେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବସିତ ହେବାକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଯାଇନାହାନ୍ତି । ଏହି ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନେ ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗୌରବମୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟସବୁ ଛାଡ଼ି ଦେଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଦର୍ଶକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଆମର ଜୀବନକୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର କରିପାରିବା । ଆତ୍ମ-ବିଶ୍ଵାସ ଓ ସାହସର ସହିତ ଜୀବନର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ଆମେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କର୍ମ ଆମର ଆଦର୍ଶ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । ଆମ୍ଭେମାନେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ଶିଖୁବା ଉଚିତ ।

Glossary
sublime : noble
departing : on leaving this world: dying
footprints : our noble works that will show the way to others
solemn : impressive in its awe inspiring vastness and depth
main : ocean
forlorn : unhappy and deserted
forlorn … brother: one who has failed in life and is distressed at one’s own moral and material ruin (ଅସଫଳତା ପାଇଁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିବା)
shipwrecked : utterly ruined by misfortune (ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ)
take heart : be confident
heart for any fate: confidence to face any situation in life, favourable or unfavourable (କରିବାପାଇଁ ଦୃଢ଼ ମନୋବଳ)
still : always (ସର୍ବଦା)
wait : ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା

Introducing the Poet
While still a student, H.W. Longfellow (1807-1882) wrote to his father, ‘Whatever I do study ought to be engaged in with all my soul’. Years later, he resigned his coveted position as the Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard University, which he had filled for a long time with honour, feeling that he was not able to do justice to his work as a poet on account of the demands made on his time -and energy by his duties as an academic. His conscientiousness revealed itself even when he was a boy; he was studious and had little interest in sports. The same seriousness of purpose is found in his poetry. He was a moralist, and had he been less of a puritan, perhaps his poetry would have been more enjoyable. But as it has been pointed out, it was a source of his strength as well as his weakness. Fortunately, his didactism is relieved by his sunny spirit which permeates his poems like ‘A Psalm of life’.

About the Poem
In A Psalm of Life the poet gives young readers some valuable precepts which they should follow in their life so that their life may not be in vain. A ‘psalm’ is a sacred song or hymn. This poem is called a psalm because it lays stress on certain basic values of life. To the poet life is not an ‘empty dream’ – it is ‘real’ and ‘earnest’, and one is to make the best use of it by striving hard. Man should neither brood over the past which is dead nor waste his time in idle dreams of a rosy future. He should deal with the present. Emulating the ideals left by great men, he should be a source to inspiration to posterity. This poem belongs to the genre of poetry called ‘Carpe Diem’ poems. ‘Carpe Diem’, popularly translated as ‘seize the day’, is a phrase from a Latin poem by Horace. The sentiments expressed in the poem may appear commonplace, and the presentation facile. But the universality of the theme, the conviction with which it is presented, and the simplicity of its diction make its optimism irresistible. Longfellow, a great American himself, gives eloquent expression to the young nation’s energetic approach to life and adds a meaningful dimension to it by bringing in ‘God o’erhead’ to reinforce the ‘heart within’.

Summary
The poem begins with Longfellow’s blunt rejection of the psalmist’s view : life is a meaningless dream. Inactivity is as good as death. The life of an idle man is useless. People with a gloomy view of life do not take a realistic view of things in the world. Life is serious. It should not be treated lightly. Death is not the end of life. The poet says that life is not meant for enjoyment. There is no room for sorrow as long as we live. It is action that constitutes the essence of life. A man must steadily advance along the road to perfection. Longfellow brings out a contrast between art and life. The creation of the beautiful is deathless, but life is transient. So we should not fritter away our time. In a short span of life, there is much to be achieved. Therefore, we should live as productive a life as possible. Then the poet compares our hearts to ‘muffled drums’. Each beat of our heart carries us closer to death. The poet inspires us not to accept our fate like dumb cattle. Instead, we should fight in this world which is like a battle-field. We should face our strife-torn life with great courage. Everyone should play the role of a hero. We should neither trust the future nor cling to the past. We should live in the present. Faith, courage, sincerity of purpose and faith in God are essential for facing the battle of life. – Lives of greatmen always inspire us. We can beautify our lives by following the foot-steps they have left behind ‘on the sand of time’. As a result, the future generations will be inspired in a great measure. It is action that lends worth to life and so we should learn to work hard ceaselessly and wait for the results.

ସାରାଂଶ:
ସ୍ତୋତ୍ର ରଚୟିତାଙ୍କର ମତରେ ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ନିରର୍ଥକ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ । କବିତାର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ Longfellow ଏହାକୁ ରୋକ୍‌ଠୋକ୍‌ ଭାବରେ ଅଗ୍ରାହ୍ୟ କରିଛନ୍ତି । କାର୍ଯ୍ୟହୀନତା ଏବଂ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଭିତରେ କିଛି ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ନାହିଁ । ଅଳସୁଆର ଜୀବନ ଅନୁପାଦେୟ । ନୈରାଶ୍ୟବାଦୀମାନେ ଜୀବନର କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ବାସ୍ତବତାର ସହିତ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଜୀବନ ହେଉଛି ତାତ୍ପର୍ଯ୍ୟପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ଏହାକୁ ହାଲୁକାଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ଶେଷ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ନୁହେଁ । କବିଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଜୀବନଟା ଉପଭୋଗର ବସ୍ତୁ ନୁହେଁ । ବଞ୍ଚୁଥ‌ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜୀବନରେ ଦୁଃଖ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ସ୍ଥାନ ନାହିଁ । କର୍ମରେ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମହତ୍ତ୍ବ ନିହିତ । ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଅବିଶ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ଦିଗରେ ଧାବମାନ ହେବା ଉଚିତ । କବି Longfellow କଳା ଏବଂ ଜୀବନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ବୈଷମ୍ୟକୁ ଉପସ୍ଥାପନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଚିରନ୍ତନ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଜୀବନ କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ଅଯଥାରେ ସମୟ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଜୀବନର ସ୍ଵଳ୍ପ ସମୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବହୁତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବାକୁ ହେବ । କବି ଆମ ହୃଦୟକୁ ‘ଅନ୍ତେଷ୍ଟି କ୍ରିୟା ସମୟରେ ଭୟଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ ଢୋଲର ପବିତ୍ର କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଶବ୍ଦ’ ସହିତ ତୁଳନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ହୃଦୟର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ଆମକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ନିକଟତର କରାଇ ଦେଉଛି । ମୂକ ଗାଇଗୋରୁ ଭଳି ନିଜ ଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ ନ କରିବାକୁ କବି ଆମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରେରଣା ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି । ତା’ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଆମେ ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମି ସଦୃଶ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଜୀବନକୁ ଆମେ ସାହସର ସହିତ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବା ଦରକାର । ଆମ୍ଭେ ସମସ୍ତେ ବୀରର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଶ୍ରେୟସ୍କର । ଆମେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତକୁ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କରିବାନାହିଁ, ଅତୀତକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ରୋମନ୍ଥନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ । ଆମେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନକ ନେଇ ବଞ୍ଚିବା ଉଚିତ । ଜୀବନ ସଂଗ୍ରାମକୁ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାପାଇଁ ଦରକାର ବିଶ୍ଵାସ, ସାହାସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟନିଷ୍ଠା ଏବଂ ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରେମ । ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ ସବୁବେଳେ ଆମକୁ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ କରେ । ସମୟର ବାଲୁକା ଉପରେ ସେମାନେ ଛାଡ଼ିଯାଇଥବା ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପଦାଙ୍କକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆମେ ଜୀବନକୁ ମହାନ୍ କରିପାରିବା । ଯାହାଫଳରେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ବଂଶଧରମାନେ ବହୁଳଭାବେ ପ୍ରେରଣା ପାଇପାରିବେ । କର୍ମ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର ମାନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରେ । ତେଣୁ ଆମେ ନିରବଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ଭାବରେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଶିକ୍ଷା କରିବା ଏବଂ ଫଳାଫଳ ପାଇଁ ଧୈର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସହକାରେ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା ।

Odisha State Board BSE Odisha 10th Class Hindi Solutions Chapter 3 देशप्रेमी संन्यासी Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

BSE Odisha Class 10 Hindi Solutions Chapter 3 देशप्रेमी संन्यासी

प्रश्न और अभ्यास (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଔର୍ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में दीजिए :
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଦୋ-ତୀନ୍ ୱାଜ୍ୟୋ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦୁଇ-ତିନୋଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ : )
(क) हम संन्यासी किसे कहते हैं?
(ହମ୍ ସଂନ୍ୟାସୀ କିସେ କହତେ ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
संसार में कुछ ऐसे लोग होते है जो अपनी इच्छा से घर-बार छोड़ देते हैं, सुख के साधनों का त्याग कर देते हैं। गरीबी में जीते हैं। संसार को माया जंजाल समझते हैं। ये लोग अपनी परवाह छोड़कर देश के लोगों को जाग्रत करने मे लय जाते हैं। देश तथा सेवा कार्य में लग जाते हैं। ऐसे लोगों को संन्यासी कहते हैं।

(ख) विवेकानन्द का व्यक्तित्व कैसा था? (द्या था?)
उत्तर:
स्वामी विवेकानन्द संन्यासी थे। देखने में बहुत सुंदर, बड़े ज्ञानी और पंडित थे। वे स्वभाव से सरल, विनयी और मधुर भाषी थे तथा बहुत ही प्रतिभाशाली थे। वे देशप्रेमी थे।

(ग) विवेकानन्द ने देशवासियों को क्या कहकर ललकारा?
(ୱେକାନନ୍ଦ୍ ନେ ଦେଶସିୟାଁ କୋ କ୍ୟା କହକର୍ ଲଲ୍‌କାରା ?)
उत्तर:
विवेकानन्द ने देशवासियों को ललकारते हुए कहा, “मेरे प्यारे देशवासियो! उठो, जागो। जीवन का वरदान स्वतंन्त्रता है मेरा भाई है। भारत मेरा जीवन। उसे प्राप्त करो। गर्व से कहो कि मैं भारतीय हूँ। हर भारतीय है। मेरा प्राण है। भारत के देवता मेरा भरण पोषण करते हैं। भारत मेरे बचपन का हिडोला है, मेरे यौवन का आनंद लोक है और मेरे बुढ़ापे का बैकुंठ है।”

(घ) अमेरीका की धर्मसभा में स्वामीजी ने अपने भाषण में किस बात को प्रतिपादित किया?
(ଅମେରୀକା କୀ ଧର୍ମସଭା ମେଁ ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନେ ଅପ୍‌ ଭାଷଣ ମେଁ କିସ୍ ବାତ୍ କୋ ପ୍ରତିପାଦିତ କିୟା ?)
उत्तर:
अमेरीका की धर्मसभा में स्वामीजी ने अपने भाषण में अत्यंत मर्मस्पर्शी वाणी में भारत के धर्म, आचार-विचार, ऋषि-मुनियों के चिंतन, आध्यात्मिक दृष्टिकोण का महत्व प्रतिपादित किया। अपने सुंदर, सरल, अर्थपूर्ण अंग्रेजी भाषण द्वारा सबके दिलों को अभिभूत कर दिया।

(ङ) स्वामीजी ने इंग्लैण्ड के लोगों को कैसे प्रभावित किया?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନେ ଇଂଗ୍ରେଣ୍ଡ କେ ଲୋଗୋଁ କୋ କୈସେ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କିୟା ?)
उत्तर:
स्वामीजीने इंग्लैण्ड के लोगों को अपनी विद्वत्ता से प्रभावित किया। वे भी मान गए कि भारत में गरीबी भले ही हो, लेकिन वह ऊँचे विचारों और चिंतन के धनी हैं, अगुवा हैं।

(च) स्वामीजी ने अपनी अनुयायियों को किन-किन कामों में लगाया?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନେ ଅପୂନୀ ଅନୁୟାୟିର୍ଲୋ କୋ କିନ୍-କିନ୍ କାର୍ପୋ ମେଁ ଲଗାୟା ?)
उत्तर:
स्वामीजी ने अपने असंख्य अनुयायियों को मानव सेवा, ज्ञान सेवा, ज्ञान तथा धर्म-प्रचार में लगाया। रामकृष्ण परमहंस उनके गुरु थे। उन्हीं के नाम से रामकृष्ण मिशन बनाया। आज भी देश-विदेश में उनकी अनेक संस्थाएँ जनता की सेवा में उटी हुई हैं।

(छ) 1857 के बाद हमारे देश के लोग किस स्थिति में थे?
(୧୮୫୭ କେ ବାଦ୍ ହମାରେ ଦେଶ୍ କେ ଲୋଗ୍ କିସ୍ ସ୍ଥିତି ମେଁ ଥେ ?)
उत्तर:
1857 के बाद हमारे देश के लोग एक बार कोशिश करके पराजित हो गए थे। इस ईस्वी के बाद लोग निराशा, आलस्य और कर्महीनता में डूबे हुए थे।

2. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତ୍ ପ୍ରକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍-ଏକ୍ ୱାକ୍ୟ ମେଁ ଦୀଜିଏ: )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ : )
(क) भारत कब पराधीन था?
(ଭାରତ୍ କବ୍ ପରାଧୀନ୍ ଥା ?)
उत्तर:
कई सालों पहले भारत पराधीन था।

(ख) जीवन का वरदान क्या है?
( ଜୀବନ୍ କା ଓରଦାନ୍ କ୍ୟା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
जीवन का वरदान स्वतंत्रता है।

(ग) अंग्रेज क्या मान गये?
(ଅଂଗ୍ରେଜ୍ କ୍ୟା ମାନ୍ ଗୟେ ?)
उत्तर:
अंग्रेज मान गये कि भारत में गरीबी भले ही हो, लेकिन वे ऊँचे विचारों और चिंतन के धनी और अगुवा हैं।

(घ) देश को आजाद करने में किनका योगदान रहा?
(ଦେଶ୍ କୋ ଆଜାଦ୍ କରନେ ମେଁ କିନ୍‌ ୟୋଗଦାନ୍ ରହା ?)
उत्तर:
देश को आजाद करने में संन्यासियों का बड़ा योगदान रहा।

(ङ) कौन रामकृष्ण परमहंस के उपयुक्त शिष्य थे?
(କୌନ୍ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ପରମହଂସ୍ କେ ଉପୟୁକ୍ତ ଶିଷ୍ୟ ଥେ ?)
उत्तर:
स्वामी विवेकानन्द रामकृष्ण परमहंस के उपयुक्त शिष्य थे।

3. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द / एक वाक्य में दीजिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖୂତ୍ ପ୍ରକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ କେ ଉତ୍ତର୍ ଏକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ  ଏକ୍ ୱାକ୍ୟ ମେଁ ଦୀକିଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦିଅ : )
(क) धर्म सभा कहाँ हो रही थी?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ଇଂଲିଶ୍ ମେଁ କର୍‌ତକ୍ ରହେ ?)
उत्तर:
अमेरीका में

(ख) देशप्रेमी संन्यासी कौन हैं?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ କେ ଅନୁସାର୍ ହମାରା ଭରଣ୍ ପୋଷଣ୍ଢ କୌନ୍ କର୍‌ତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
स्वामी विवेकानन्द

(ग) स्वामीजी इंलैण्ड में कबतक रहे?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ କେ ଗୁରୁ କୌନ୍ ଥେ ?)
उत्तर:
एक साल तक

(घ) स्वामीजी के अनुसार हमारा भरण पोषण कौन करता है?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ କେ ଅନୁସାର୍ ହମାରା ଭରଣ୍ ପୋଷଣ୍ କୌନ୍ କର୍‌ତା ହୈ ?)
उत्तर:
भारत के देवता

(ङ) स्वामीजी के गुरु कौन थे?
( ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ବୁଢ଼ାପେ କା ବୈକୁଣ୍ଠ କିସେ ମା ହେଁ ?)
उत्तर:
रामकृष्ण परमहंस

(च) सालों पहले भारत में किसका शासन चलता था?
(ସାଲୌ ପହଲେ ଭାରତ ମେଁ କିସ୍‌ ଶାସନ ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚା
उत्तर:
अंग्रेजों का

(छ) स्वामीजी बुढापे का बैकुण्ठ किसे मानते हैं?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ବୁଢ଼ାପେ କା ବୈକୁଣ୍ଠ କିସେ ମା ହେଁ ?)
उत्तर:
भारत को

(ज) स्वामीजी के बचपन का हिण्डोला कौन था?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନେ କିସେ ଜୀୱନ୍ କା ବରଦାନ୍ ସମଝା ?)
उत्तर:
भारत

(झ) प्रत्येक भारतीय स्वामीजी के लिए क्या था?
(ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ୍ ଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ କେ ଲିଏ କ୍ୟା ଥା ?)
उत्तर:
भाई

(ञ) स्वामीजी ने किसे जीवन का बरदान समझा?
(ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନେ କିସେ ଜୀୱନ୍ କା ବରଦାନ୍ ସମଝା ?)
उत्तर:
स्वतंत्रता

भाषा-ज्ञान (ଭାଷା-ଜ୍ଞାନ)

1. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के लिंग बताइए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ତ ଶର୍କୋ କେ ଲିଂଗ ବତାଇଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଲିଙ୍ଗ ନିର୍ଣ୍ଣୟ କର । )
वाणी, विद्वान, अंग्रेजी, दृष्टिकोण, आजादी, देश, संन्यासी, गरीबी, निराशा, आनन्द, बुढ़ापा
उत्तर:
वाणी – स्रीलिंग
अंग्रेजी – स्रीलिंग
आजादी – स्रीलिंग
संन्यासी – पुंलिंग
विद्वान – पुंलिंग
दृष्टिकोण – पुंलिंग
देश – पुंलिंग
गरीबी – स्रीलिंग
निराशा – स्रीलिंग
आनन्द – पुंलिंग
बुढ़ापा – पुंलिंग

2. निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦା କେ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟବାଚୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲିଖୁଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟବାଚୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ଲେଖ : )
विद्वान, आजाद, साल, मानव, व्याकुल, इच्छा
उत्तर:
विद्वान – पण्डित
साल – वर्ष
व्याकुल – व्यग्र
आजाद – स्वतंत्र
मानव – मनुष्य
इच्छा – चाह

3. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को शुद्ध करके लिखिए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ୱାର୍କୋ କୋ ଶୁଦ୍ଧ କରକେ ଲିଖୁଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଶୁଦ୍ଧ କରି ଲେଖ ।)
(क) सालों पहले का बात है।
उत्तर:
सलों पहले की बात है।

(ख) रामकृष्ण परमहंस विवेकानन्द का गुरु थे।
उत्तर:
रामकृष्ण परमहंस विवेकानन्द के गुरु थे।

(ग) देश में रामकृष्ण मिशन का अनेक संस्थाएँ हैं।
उत्तर:
देश में रामकृष्ण मिशन की अनेक संस्थाएँ हैं।

(घ) गर्व में कहो की में भारतीय हूँ।
उत्तर:
गर्व से कहो कि मैं भारतीय हूँ।

(ङ) भारत मेरी जीवन है।
उत्तर:
भारत मेरा जीवन है।

4. निम्नलिखित में से विशेषण पद छाँटकर लिखिए :
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ମେଁ ସେ ୱିଶେଷଣ୍ଢ ପଦ୍ ଛାକର୍ ଲିଖୁଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖତରୁ ବିଶେଷଣ ପଦକୁ ଅଲଗା କର ।)
(क) मेरे प्यारा देश वासियो!
उत्तर:
प्यारे

(ख) यहाँ अंग्रेजों का कड़ा शासन चलता था।
उत्तर:
कड़ा

(ग) भारत मेरे बचपन का हिंडोला है।
उत्तर:
मेरे

(घ) मेरे यौवन का आनंद लोक है।
उत्तर:
मेरे

(ङ) भारत मेरे बचपन का बैकुण्ठ है।
उत्तर:
मेरे

5. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में विराम चिह्न लगाइए:
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ୱାର୍କୋ ମେଁ ଔରାମ୍ ଚିହ୍ନ ଲଗାଇଏ : )
(ନିମ୍ନଲିଖ୍ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବିରାମ ଚିହ୍ନ ଲଗାଅ ।)
(क) मेरे प्यारे देशवासियो उठो जागो।
उत्तर:
मेरे प्यारे देशवासियो! उठो, जागो।

(ख) निराशा आलस्य और कर्महीनता में डुबे हुए थे।
उत्तर:
निराशा, आलस्य और कर्महीनता में डुबे हुए थे।

(ग) उनकी सुन्दर सरल अर्थपूर्ण अंग्रेजी भाषण ने सबके दिलों को अभिभूत कर दिया।
उत्तर:
उनकी सुंदर, सरल, अर्थपूर्ण अंग्रेजी भाषण ने सबके दिल को अभिभूत कर दिया।

(घ) स्वामीजी ने असंख्य अनुयायियों को मानव सेवा ज्ञान तथा धर्म प्रचार में लगाया।
उत्तर:
स्वामीजी ने अंसख्य अनुयायियों को मानव-सेवा, ज्ञान तथा धर्म प्रचार में लगाया।

अभ्यास- कार्य

(i) ऐसे कुछ अन्य महापुरुषों की जीवनी पढ़कर उनके व्यक्तित्व और कृत्तित्व के बारे में जानिए
(ଏହିପରି କିଛି ଅନ୍ୟ ମହାପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କର ଜୀବନୀ ପଢ଼ି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିତ୍ଵ ଏବଂ କୃତିତ୍ଵ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣ ।)

(ii) इस विषय को कम-से-कम दो बार पढ़िए।
(ଏହି ବିଷୟକୁ ଅତି କମ୍‌ରେ ଦୁଇଥର ପଢ଼ ।)

Very Short & Objective Type Questions with Answers

A. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
साधारणत: लोग किस कार्य में जुटे रहते हैं?
उत्तर:
साधारणतः लोग धन कमाने में जुटे रहते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
विवेकानन्द ने अपने गुरु के नाम से क्या बनाया?
उत्तर:
विवेकानन्द ने अपने गुरु के नाम से रामकृष्ण मिशन बनाया।

प्रश्न 3.
सन्यासी संसार को क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर:
सन्यासी संसार को माया का जंजाल समझते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
विवेकानन्द के अनुसार हमारा भरण पोषण कौन करता है?
उत्तर:
विवेकानन्द के अनुसार हमारा भरण पोषण भारत के देबता हो करता है।

प्रश्न 5.
धर्म सभा कहाँ हो रही थी?
उत्तर:
अमेरिका में धर्म सभा हो रही थी।

B. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द / एक पद में दीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
‘रामकृष्ण मिशन’ को किसने स्थापित किया?
उत्तर:
विवेकानन्द

प्रश्न 2.
संन्यासी लोग किसमें जीते हैं?
उत्तर:
गरीबी में

प्रश्न 3.
जीवन का वरदान क्या है?
उत्तर:
स्वतंत्रता

प्रश्न 4.
धर्म-सभा कहाँ हो रही थी?
उत्तर:
अमेरीका में

प्रश्न 5.
संन्यासी संसार को क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर:
माया का जंजाल

प्रश्न 6.
संन्यासी किसका त्याग कर देते हैं?
उत्तर:
सुख के साधनों का

प्रश्न 7.
भारतीयों को बुढ़ापे का वैकुंठ किसे मानना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
भारत को

प्रश्न 8.
भारत के देवता हमारा क्या करते है?
उत्तर:
भरण-पोषण

प्रश्न 9.
विवेकानन्द के गुरु कौन थे?
उत्तर:
रामकृष्ण परमहंस

प्रश्न 10.
स्वामीजी इंलैंड में कब तक रहे?
उत्तर:
एक साल

C. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
हम गर्व से कहें ……………… भारत मेरे बचपन का है।
उत्तर:
हिंड़ोला

प्रश्न 2.
भारतीय लोग अंग्रेजों के शासन से मुक्त होने के लिए ……………………. में कोशिश करके पराजित हो गए थे।
उत्तर:
1857

प्रश्न 3.
आज भी देश-विदेश में स्वामीजी की अनेक संस्थाएँ ………………… कर रही हैं।
उत्तर:
जनता की सेवा

प्रश्न 4.
विवेकानन्द बुढ़ापे का बैकुण्ठ ………………….. को मानते हैं।
उत्तर:
भारत

प्रश्न 5.
विवेकानंद हर भारतीय को ……………………. मानते हैं।
उत्तर:
भाई

प्रश्न 6.
देश्रेमी संन्यासी ………………….. थे।
उत्तर:
स्वामी विवेकानन्द

प्रश्न 7.
स्वामीजी ने अपने गुरु के नाम से ………………… बनायी।
उत्तर:
रामकृष्ण मिशन

प्रश्न 8.
स्वामीजी ने इंग्लैण्ड के लोगों को अपनी ……………… से प्रभावित किया।
उत्तर:
विद्वता

प्रश्न 9.
विवेकानंद के अनुसार ………………….. उनका भारण-पोषण करते हैं।
उत्तर:
भारतीय देवता

प्रश्न 10.
भारतीय ऊँचे विचारों और चिंतन के धनी हैं …………………….. हैं।
उत्तर:
अगुवा

D. ठिक् या भूल लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
स्वामीजी इंलैण्ड में एक महीने तक रहे।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 2.
विवेकानन्द जगत को पराधीनता का बन्धन समझते हैं।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 3.
प्रत्येक भारतीय स्वामीजी के लिए भाई थे।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 4.
विवेकानंद ने अमेरीका में हिन्दी भाषा में भाषण दिया था।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 5.
जो संसार को माया का जंजाल समझते हैं, उन्हें संन्यासी कहते हैं।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 6.
हमारे देश को आजाद करने में संन्यासियों का योगदान रहा।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 7.
अंग्रेजी विद्वानों को स्वामीजी ने धन से प्रभावित किया।
उत्तर:
भूल

प्रश्न 8.
भारत के मालिक अंग्रेजों को कहा गया है।
उत्तर:
ठिक्

प्रश्न 9.
परिश्रमी लोग अपनी इच्छा से घरबार छोड़ देते हैं।
उत्तर:
भूल

Multiple Choice Questions (mcqs) with Answers

सही उत्तर चुनिए : (MCQs)

1. ‘रामकृष्ण मिशन’ को किसने स्थापित किया?
(A) रामकृष्ण परमहंस ने
(B) रामकृष्ण के शिष्यों ने
(C) विवेकानन्द ने
(D) सरकार ने
उत्तर:
(C) विवेकानन्द ने

2. संन्यासी लोग किसमें जीते हैं?
(A) सुख में
(B) गरीबी में
(C) माया में
(D) विलास में
उत्तर:
(B) गरीबी में

3. हम गर्व से कहें – भारत मेरे बचपन का है।
(A) हिंड़ोला
(B) आनन्द-लोक
(C) प्राण
(D) वैकुंठ
उत्तर:
(A) हिंड़ोला

4. जीवन का वरदान क्या है?
(A) सुख
(B) स्वतंत्रता
(C) मौज-मस्ती
(D) अपनों की सेवा
उत्तर:
(B) स्वतंत्रता

5. धर्म-सभा कहाँ हो रही थी?
(A) इंग्लैंड में
(B) जापान में
(C) भारत में
(D) अमेरीका में
उत्तर:
(D) अमेरीका में

6. संन्यासी संसार को क्या समझते हैं?
(A) सुख का साधन
(B) बेहद प्यार
(C) माया का जंजाल
(D) बहुत सुंदर
उत्तर:
(C) माया का जंजाल

7. संन्यासी किसका त्याग कर देते हैं?
(A) कर्म के साधनों का
(B) सत्य के बंधन का
(C) सुख के साधनों का
(D) घरबार-सुख-संतोष का
उत्तर:
(C) सुख के साधनों का

8. जीवन का वरदान है।
(A) स्वतंत्रता
(B) निर्भयता
(C) पराधीनता
(D) स्वराज्य
उत्तर:
(A) स्वतंत्रता

9. भारतीय लोग अंग्रेजों के शासन से मुक्त होने के लिए में कोशिश करके पराजित हो गए थे।
(A) 1857
(B) 1917
(C) 1947
(D) 1942
उत्तर:
(A) 1857

10. भारतीयों को बुढ़ापे का वैकुंठ किसे मानना चाहिए?
(A) विष्णुलोक को
(B) भारत को
(C) स्वर्ग को
(D) आनंदलोक को
उत्तर:
(B) भारत को

11. जीवन का वरदान क्या है?
(A) संघर्ष
(B) स्वतंत्रता
(C) सौंदर्य
(D) प्रेम
उत्तर:
(B) स्वतंत्रता

12. जीवन का वरदान क्या है?
(A) विद्या
(B) स्वतंत्रता
(C) सम्मान
(D) धन
उत्तर:
(B) स्वतंत्रता

13. भारत के देवता हमारा करते है:
(A) कल्याण
(B) भाग्य-निर्माण
(C) भरण-पोषण
(D) धार्मिक भाव को विकसित
उत्तर:

14. आज भी देश-विदेश में स्वामी जी की अनेक संस्थाएँ कर रही हैं।
(A) जनता को संगठित
(B) निरक्षरता दूर
(C) जनता की सेवा
(D) फल-फूल
उत्तर:
(C) जनता की सेवा

पाठ का सारांश

मानब सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्राणी है। दुनिया में ज्यादातर लोग धन कमाने और सुख के पीछे भागते है। पर कुछ लोग मायामोह संसार को झूठा और झंझट समझकर घर-परिवार को त्याग देते है। जिन्दगी भर गरीबी में जीते हैं। स्वामी विवेकानन्द मातृभूमि को अपार प्रेम करने वाले संन्यासी थे। वे देखने में सुन्दर, ज्ञानी, प्रतिभाशाली, सरल और मिष्टभाषी थे। 1857 में भारतवासियों ने आजादी की पहली लड़ाई लड़ी पर सफल नहीं हुए। परिणाम स्वरूप भारतवासी निराश और कर्म हीन हो गए। स्वामी विवेकानन्द ने अपनी ओजस्वी वाणी से देशवासियों को जगाया और उनके मन में देश के प्रति स्वाभिमान का भाव भर दिया।

एक बार अमेरीका के चिकागो शहर में बृहत विश्व धर्म सभा हुई। स्वामीजी सभा में हृदयस्पर्शी भाषा में भारत के धर्म, रीति-रिवाज, चिन्तन, दर्शन आदि के महत्व को समझाया। उनके भाषण ने सबका दिल जीता लिया। स्वामीजी इंग्लैड में रहते समय वहाँ के विद्धानों को अपने विचारों से प्रभावित कर दिया। उन्होंने मान लिया कि भारत गरीब होने पर भी ऊँचे विचारों के धनी है। अपने गुरु रामकृष्ण परमहंस के नाम पर रामकृष्ण मिशन की स्थापना की। उनके शिष्य मानव सेबा और धर्म प्रचार और प्रसार में लगे हैं। भारत के नाम को संसार में प्रसिद्ध कराने वाला ऐसा दूसरा संन्यासी नहीं। भारत को जगाकर उसे आजाद करने में ऐसे गृहत्यागीयों का बहुत योगदान रहा।

ସାରାଂଶ:
ଅର୍ଥସର୍ବସ୍ବ ଦୁନିଆରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଲୋକେ ଧନ ଓ ସୁଖ ପଛରେ ପାଗଳ। କିନ୍ତୁ ସଂସାରରେ ଏଭଳି ଅନେକ ଲୋକ ଅଛନ୍ତି ଯେଉଁମାନେ ସର୍ବସ୍ଵ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରି ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି ଓ ଦରିଦ୍ର ହୋଇ ଜୀବନ ନିର୍ବାହ କରିଛନ୍ତି। ଠିକ୍ ସେହିପରି ସ୍ଵାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ମାତୃଭୂମିକୁ ଅପାର ପ୍ରେମ କରୁଥିବା ଜଣେ ଗୃହତ୍ୟାଗୀ ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ ଥିଲେ। ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଅତୀବ ସୁନ୍ଦର, ଜ୍ଞାନୀ, ପ୍ରତିଭାଶାଳୀ, ସରଳ, ବିନୟୀ ଓ ମଧୁରଭାଷୀ ଥିଲେ। ୧୮୫୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଭାରତର ପ୍ରଥମ ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ହୋଇଥିଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ତାହା ସଫଳ ନ ହେବାରୁ ଭାରତୀୟମାନଙ୍କ ମନରେ ନିରାଶ ଓ ଅକର୍ମଣ୍ୟର ଭାବ ଜାଗ୍ରତ ହୋଇଥିଲା। ଠିକ୍ ଏହି ସମୟରେ ସ୍ଵାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ନିଜର ଓଜସ୍ଵୀ ବାଣୀଦ୍ଵାରା ଦେଶବାସୀଙ୍କୁ ଜାଗ୍ରତ କଲେ ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଦେଶ ପାଇଁ ଅଭିମାନ ଭରିଦେଲେ।

ଥରେ ଆମେରିକାର ଚିକାଗୋ ସହରରେ ବିଶ୍ଵଧର୍ମସଭାର ଆୟୋଜନ ହୋଇଥିଲା। ଆମ ଦେଶରୁ ସ୍ୱାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ମଧୁର ଭାଷଣ ଦେଲେ। ସେ ଭାରତର ଧର୍ମ, ଚଳଣି ଓ ଦର୍ଶନର ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵକୁ ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ କରିଥିଲେ। ସେ ସେଠାକାର ଲୋକମାନେ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କରିନେଲେ ଯେ ଭାରତ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଚିନ୍ତନରେ ଅଗ୍ରଣୀ। କେହି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ ନାହଁନ୍ତ। ଭାରତକୁ ଜାଗ୍ରତ କରି ସ୍ଵାଧୀନ କରାଇବାରେ ଏଭଳି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀମାନଙ୍କ ବହୁତ ଯୋଗଦାନ ରହିଛ। ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀଙ୍କ ପୂଜ୍ୟ ଗୁରୁ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ପରମହଂସଙ୍କ ନାମରେ ସେ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ମିଶନ ସ୍ଥାପନ କଲେ। ତାଙ୍କର ଶିଷ୍ୟମାନେ ଧର୍ମ ପ୍ରଚାର ଓ ମାନବ ସେବାରେ ଲାଗିଛନ୍ତି। ଭାରତର ନାମକୁ ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ବରେ ବିଖ୍ୟାତ କରିଥିବା ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀଙ୍କ ପରି ଅନ୍ୟ କେହି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ ନାହଁନ୍ତି। ଭାରତକୁ ଜାଗ୍ରତ କରି ସ୍ବାଧୀନ କରାଇବାରେ ଏଭଳି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀମାନଙ୍କ ବହୁତ ଯୋଗଦାନ ରହିଛି।

विषयवस्तु:
(i) हम देखते ………………….. प्रतिभाशाली।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଆମେ ଦେଖୁ କେତେକ ଲୋକ ଧନ ଉପର୍ଜନରେ ଲାଗି ରହିଛନ୍ତି। କେତେ ଲୋକ ସୁଖ ଭୋଗିବାରେ ବ୍ୟାକୁଳ ରହିଛନ୍ତି। କିଛି ଏପରି ଅଛନ୍ତି ଯାହାଙ୍କୁ ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ କୁହାଯାଏ। ସେ ଲୋକ ନିଜ ଇଚ୍ଛାରେ ଘରଦ୍ଵାର ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିଛନ୍ତି। ସୁଖର ସାଧନକୁ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରି ଦେଇଛନ୍ତି। ଦୀନ-ଦରିଦ୍ର ପରି ବଞ୍ଚୁଛନ୍ତି। ସଂସାରକୁ ମାୟାର ଝଞ୍ଜଟ ବୁଝିଛନ୍ତି। କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଯେ ଏପରି କେତେକ ଲୋକ ନିଜ ମାତୃଭୂମିକୁ ଅପାର ପ୍ରେମ କରୁଥିଲେ। ସ୍ଵାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ଏପରି ସନ୍ୟାସୀ ଥିଲେ। ସେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଅତି ସୁନ୍ଦର, ବଡ଼ ଜ୍ଞାନୀ ଓ ପଣ୍ଡିତ, ସରଳ, ବିନୟୀ ଓ ମଧୁରଭାଷୀ କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ପ୍ରତିଭାଶାଳୀ।

(ii) सालों पहले …………………. बैकुंठ है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ବର୍ଷ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବର କଥା। ଭାରତ ପରାଧୀନ ଥିଲା। ଏଠାରେ ଇଂରେଜଙ୍କର ଶାସନ ଚାଲୁଥିଲା। ୧୮୫୭ ଖ୍ରୀ.ଅ.ରେ ଲୋକେ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ କରି ପରାଜିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ। ନିରାଶା, ଆଳସ୍ୟ ଓ ଅକର୍ମଣ୍ୟ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ। ଏହି ସମୟରେ ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ନିଜର ଦେଶବାସୀମାନଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ ମୋର ପ୍ରିୟ ଦେଶବାସୀ! ଜାଗ୍ରତ ହୁଅ। ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ଜୀବନର ବରଦାନ। ତାକୁ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କର ଗର୍ବରେ କୁହ ମୁଁ ଭାରତୀୟ ଅଟେ। ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭାରତୀୟ ମୋର ଭାଇ ଅଟନ୍ତି। ଭାରତ ମୋର ଜୀବନ ଓ ପ୍ରାଣକେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଅଟେ। ଭାରତର ଦେବତା ମୋର ଭରଣ ପୋଷଣ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। ଭାରତ ମୋ ବାଲ୍ୟକାଳର ଝୁଲଣା, ମୋ ଯୌବନର ଆନନ୍ଦାଲୋକ ଓ ମୋ ବାର୍ଦ୍ଧକ୍ୟର ବୈକୁଣ୍ଠ।

(iii) एक बार ………………….. कर दिया।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀ ଥରେ ଆମେରିକା ଯାଇଥିଲେ। ସେଠାରେ ବଡ଼ ଧର୍ମସଭାର ଆୟୋଜନ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା। ସେ ବଡ଼ ହୃଦୟସ୍ପର୍ଶୀ ଭାଷାରେ ଭାରତର ଧର୍ମ, ପ୍ରଥା, ମୁନିଋଷିଙ୍କ ଚିନ୍ତନ, ଦର୍ଶନ ଆଦିର ମହତ୍ତ୍ଵକୁ ବୁଝାଇଥିଲେ। ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀଙ୍କ ସୁନ୍ଦର, ସରଳ ଓ ଅର୍ଥପୂର୍ଣ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷଣ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ମନକୁ ମୋହିତ କରିଦେଇଥିଲା।

(iv) स्वामीजी एक …………………. अगुवा है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସ୍ବାମୀଜୀ ବର୍ଷେ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡରେ ରହିଲେ। ସେଠାରେ ଭାରତର ମାଲିକ (ଶାସକ) ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡର ବିଦ୍ଵାନମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିଜର ପାଣ୍ଡିତ୍ୟଦ୍ଵାରା ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କଲେ। ସେମାନେ ସ୍ଵୀକାର କଲେ ଯେ ଭାରତ ଗରିବ ହେଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଚିନ୍ତନରେ ଅଗ୍ରଣୀ।

(v) स्वामीजी ने ………………… योगदान रहा।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ:
ସ୍ୱାମୀଜୀଙ୍କର ଅସଂଖ୍ୟ ଅନୁଗାମୀ (ଶିଷ୍ୟ) ମାନବ ସେବା ଓ ଧର୍ମ ପ୍ରଚାରରେ ଲାଗିପଡ଼ିଲେ। ତାଙ୍କର ଗୁରୁ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ପରମହଂସ ଥିଲେ। ତାଙ୍କ ନାମରେ ସେ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣ ମିଶନ ସ୍ଥାପନ କଲେ। ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଏହାର ସ୍ଵାମୀଜୀଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଅନ୍ୟ କେହି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀ ଦେଖାଯାଆନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଭାରତକୁ ଜାଗ୍ରତ କରି ସ୍ଵାଧୀନ କରାଇବାରେ ଏପରି ସନ୍ନ୍ୟାସୀମାନଙ୍କ ବହୁତ ଯୋଗଦାନ ରହିଛି।

शबनार: (ଶରାର୍ଥି)

मिष्टभाषी – मधुर भाषी (ମୃଦୁଭାଷୀ/ମିଷ୍ଟବକ୍ତା)।

हिंड़ोला – झूला (ଝୁଲଣ)।

जंजाल – झंझट (ଝଞ୍ଜଟ)।

बैकुण्ठ – स्वर्ग (ସ୍ଵର୍ଗ)।

भरणपोषण – अन्नवस्त्र देना ( ଅନ୍ନବସ୍ତ୍ର ଦେବା/ଭରଣପୋଷଣ)।

अभिभूत – मोहित, द्रवित (ମୋହିତ, ଦ୍ରବିତ)।

संन्यासी – गृह त्यागी साधु (ଗୃହତ୍ୟାଗୀ ସାଧୁ)।

रोशन करनां – प्रसिद्ध करना (ବିଖ୍ୟାତ କରିବା)।

विचार-बोध (ବିଚାରବେ।ଧ)

स्वामी विवेकानन्द भारत माता के विरल सुपुत्र थे। उन्होंने अपनी प्रचंड प्रतिभा, गंभीर ज्ञान और असाधारण वांकुशक्ति द्वारा विदेशों में भारतीय दर्शन, वेद-वेदांत का महत्त्व प्रमाणित किया। स्वामीजी ने अमेरीका और इंग्लैंड के विद्वानों को समझा दिया कि हिंदू धर्म सहनशील और मानवीय है। उसमें संकीर्णता या कट्टरता नहीं है। उन्होंने देश के लोगों को भी जगाया, सेवा का कार्य किया और कराया भी। देश का नाम उजागर किया। वे संन्यासी थे। सदा के लिए नमस्य भी।

स्वामीजी ने भारतीयों को सुखभोग त्यागकर सादा -सीधा जीवन बीताने को कहा। सदा कर्म-तत्पर रहने, निराशा और आलस्य को छोड़ने को उत्साहित किया। सदैव जाग्रत रहने के लिए अपने भाषण में आह्वान किया था। भारत हमारा सिरमौर है। इसे भारतीय को भूलना नहीं चाहिए। स्वामीजी ने अमेरीका और इंलैंण्ड जैसे समृद्धिशाली देशों में जाकर भारतीय ज्ञान का, दार्शनिक विचारों का अपने वक्तव्य के जरिये प्रचार-प्रसार किया।

रामकृष्ण परमहंस के वे उपयुक्त शिष्य थे। आज देश भर में तथा विदेशों में इनकी अनेक संस्थाएँ भारतीय संस्कृति और दर्शन के प्रचार-प्रसार में लगी हैं। देश-विदेश में भारत के नाम को रोशन करने वाला संन्यासी और कोई नहीं स्वामी विवेकानंद ही हैं जिनका स्मरण आज देश-विदेशों में लोग कर रहे है।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Ballad of Father Gilligan Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God? What type of man does this prove him to be? (due: his two types of devotion)
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, joy, or peace for attending to the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
How was the night: peaceful and quiet or turbulent and restless? Bring out expressions from the poem to support your answer, (clue: peep, slowly …)
Answer:
The night was peaceful and quiet. The expressions such as ‘peep’, ‘slowly’, ‘shade’, ‘whisper’ and ‘sparrow-chirp’ support our answer.

Question 4.
Why has the night been described so? (clue: the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep)
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 5.
What was the reaction of Father Gilligan when he woke up from his deep sleep? State why he felt so?
Answer:
When he woke up from his sleep, Father Gilligan felt terribly sad, because the sick man he had to attend would be no more.

Question 6.
Bring out the meaning of the expression: “He rode now as he never rode”?
Answer:
The expression ‘He rode now as he never rode’ means Peter Gilligan’s fastest ride ever.

Question 7.
Find the expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care, (clue: at least four expressions).
Answer:
The expressions that show Father Gilligan’s concern for the people under his care are “And rode with little care”, “He rode now as he never rode”, “And is the poor man dead ? he cried” and “In grief swayed to and fro.”

Question 8.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father! you come again!’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 9.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 10.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 11.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 12.
There is an implicit comparison between heavenly creatures and bodies (angels, planets etc.), and their tireless movement with an insignificant person (In. 43) on earth and his inaction (sleep, not being able to take care of people in time). Discuss this comparison?
Answer:
This comparison speaks volumes for God’s goodness to all. He maintained a great balance in His creation. The help He bestowed on Peter Gilligan is a case in point.

Question 13.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 14.
Note each stanza has four lines. In stanza 1, ‘day’ in the first line rhymes with ‘lay’ of the fourth line making the rhyme scheme – abed. Find out whether all the stanzas have the same rhyme scheme?
Answer:
All the stanzas have the same rhynie scheme.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English The Ballad of Father Gilligan Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
The poet of the poem “The Ballad of Father Gihigan” is _____________?
(A) T. Eliot
(B) W.B. Yeats
(C) William Wordsworth
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) W.B. Yeats

Question 2.
W.B.Years was born In __________?
(A) 1865
(B) 1869
(C) 1870
(D) 1866
Answer:
(A) 1865

Question 3.
The poem has a ____________?
(A) lyrical form
(B) epic form
(C) ballad form
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) ballad form

Question 4.
The poem talks about ______________?
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all
(B) The world of beauty and romance
(C) The presence of human suffering
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The presence of God everywhere and his love for all

Question 5.
The poem illustrates ______________?
(A) God’s everlasting benevolence
(B) God’s punishment for the wrongdoing
(C) God’s compassion
(D) Both (A) and (C)
Answer:
(D) Both (A) and (C)

Question 6.
Father Gilligan was weary throughout because ____________?
(A) he was old
(B) he was overburdened by his religious duties
(C) his poor folks were dying in large number
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 7.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘under the green sods’ means ____________?
(A) a piece of earth with grass and sods growing in it
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic
(C) church area
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) the grave of the parishioners who had dead due to the epidemic

Question 8.
In the poem “The Ballad of Father Gilligan” ‘flock’ refers to ___________?
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan
(B) a group of animals
(C) sheep
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) a church congregation guided by a priest, who is Father Gilligan

Question 9.
‘My body spake not I’ means ____________?
(A) he had not grumbled from the heart
(B) his body was extremely tired, so he grumbled
(C) he has become old, so he told like this
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

Question 10.
The poor man sent for Father Gilligan because _____________?
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven
(B) he wanted Father should visit him
(C) he wanted to see father
(D) All the above
Answer:
(A) he could receive the last sacrament before dying so that his soul would be graced and he would go to heaven

Question 11.
The Gilligan’s parish were _____________?
(A) toiling in the field
(B) suffering from an epidemic
(C) nodding thier chains
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) suffering from an epidemic

Question 12.
The word ‘flock’ in the context of the poem means _____________?
(A) flock of sheep
(B) sparrows
(C) people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) people in the parish

Question 13.
The expression ‘green sods’ refers to ____________?
(A) graves covered over by green grass
(B) the stars in the sky
(C) the people in the parish
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) graves covered over by green grass

Question 14.
What is referred to as the ‘moth-hour of eve’?
(A) dawn
(B) noon
(C) evening
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) evening

Question 15.
Father Gilligan did not go to lady’s house because ______________?
(A) she did not play
(B) Father Gilligan was hurry
(C) he was unhappy
(D) he was tired and worry
Answer:
(D) he was tired and worry

Question 16.
People were dying because of ____________?
(A) epidemic
(B) war
(C) civil war
(D) accident
Answer:
(A) epidemic

Question 17.
Mothisa/an ___________?
(A) animal
(B) insect
(C) disease
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) insect

Question 18.
Grieve means ____________?
(A) brief
(B) give
(C) feel intense sorrow
(D) Ail of these
Answer:
(C) feel intense sorrow

Question 19.
Why do you think father was nodding on the chair in evening hour?
(A) for sleeping
(B) to pray
(C) he was tired in the evening
(D) All of these
Answer:
(C) he was tired in the evening

Question 20.
When you were gone he turned and died as merry as a _____________?
(A) angel
(B) priest
(C) bird
(D) feathers
Answer:
(C) bird

Question 21.
Find a word from the extract which means mourn ___________?
(A) sorrow
(B) poor
(C) grieve
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) grieve

Question 22.
What isa ballad?
(A) a narrative poem
(B) a subjective poem
(C) a descriptive poem
(D) a short poem
Answer:
(A) a narrative poem

Question 23.
Why was William Butler Yeats awarded a nobel prize in 1923?
(A) for literature
(B) for draina
(C) for mathematics
(D) for science
Answer:
(A) for literature

Question 24.
Why was the old priest weary day and night?
(A) his services were required more frequently lately
(B) he had a lot of work to do everyday
(C) his parishioners were sick and needed his assistance
(D) he was required to pray day and night
Answer:
(A) his services were required more frequently lately

Question 25.
Who were father Gilligan’s flock?
(A) the sickpeople
(B) the dead
(C) his parishioners
(D) the church attendants
Answer:
(C) his parishioners

Question 26.
How does the father react when another poor man sent for him?
(A) he denied to go
(B) he scolded the messenger
(C) he began to grieve
(D) he started at once
Answer:
(C) he began to grieve

Question 27.
Why did he fall asleep during his prayer?
(A) he did not want to attend the dying man
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed
(C) he wanted to have some rest
(D) he was sick
Answer:
(B) his body was very tired and mind distressed

Question 28.
When did the father wake up?
(A) At mid-night
(B) At dawn
(C) In the morning
(D) In the afternoon
Answer:
(B) At dawn

Question 29.
The moths appear on two occasions.What are they?
(A) Dusk and dawn
(B) Morniñg and evening
(C) Evening and afternoon
(D) Night and evening
Answer:
(A) Dusk and dawn

Question 30.
What shows that the father was shocked when he woke up?
(A) He stood upright
(B) He heard the sparrows chirp
(C) He got up with a shock
(D) He started to run
Answer:
(A) He stood upright

Question 31.
Why was the father shocked?
(A) He saw the moths again
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept
(C) He realised that he had not finished his prayer
(D) He realised that he couldn’t attend the sick man
Answer:
(B) He thought that the man had died while he slept

Question 32.
Whom did father Gilligan wake up from sleep?
(A) His parishioner
(B) The sick man
(C) His horse
(D) His attendant
Answer:
(C) His horse

Question 33.
Why did father Gilligan ride with less care?
(A) He didn’t know how to ride a horse
(B) He was in a hurry
(C) His horse was very reliable
(D) He was worried about the man
Answer:
(D) He was worried about the man

Question 34.
What does “He rode as he never rode, by the rocky lane and fen” convey?
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners
(B) Father Gilligan’s reckless riding
(C) Father Gilligan’s carefreeness
(D) Father Gilligan had lost interest in living
Answer:
(A) Father Gilligan’s concern for his parishioners

Question 35.
Who opened the door?
(A) The sick man
(B) The father
(C) An old man
(D) The sick mans wife
Answer:
(D) The sick mans wife

Question 36.
Why was the sick man’s wife surprised to see the father?
(A) She didn’t expect him to come so early
(B) The poor man had already died
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals
(D) The father looked weary
Answer:
(C) She had seen the father performing the death rituals

Question 37.
What did the father ask to the sick man’s wife?
(A) Was the man dead
(B) Was the man doing well
(C) Was the man recovering
(D) Was the man stîli alive
Answer:
(A) Was the man dead

Question 38.
The sièk man’s wife said that her husband has died ____________?
(A) half an hour ago
(B) the previous night
(C) few minutes ago
(D) an hour ago
Answer:
(D) an hour ago

Question 39.
Why did the old priest sway in grief?
(A) He couldn’t reach earlier
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty
(C) He couldn’t save the man
(D) He couldn’t see the dead man
Answer:
(B) He couldn’t perform his religious duty

Question 40.
What did the poor man’s wife say to the priest?
(A) The man was in p4in at the time of his death
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone
(C) The man wanted to see the father in his last moments
(D) The man was happy when be died_____
Answer:
(B) The man died happily after the father had gone

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary’? Was he only tired physically or also exhausted mentally? Justify your answer with examples from the poem?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary’ of going to the bedside of the sick and dying among his parishioners and offering them spiritual comfort round the clock. He was only physically tired.

Question 2.
Why did he seek forgiveness from God ? What type of man does this prove him to be?
Answer:
He sought forgiveness from God for stating that he enjoyed no rest, nor joy, nor peace for attending the sick who ‘die and die’. He had spoken out these words out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This proves him to be a most dutiful and religious man.

Question 3.
Why has the night been described so?
Answer:
The night has been described so to bring home the contrast between Father Gilligan when awake and when asleep. In other words, being emotionally and physically worn out, the priest needed deep slumber at night.

Question 4.
Why was Father Gilligan weary?
Answer:
Peter Gilligan was a priest who was called Father. He had to perform the religious rites of the church. He was weary because half of his parishioners were either in their sick bed or in their graves. As a priest he had to attend his parishioners.

Question 5.
Why did Peter Gilligan beg God’s forgiveness?
Answer:
The priest begged God’s forgiveness for he had said that he was deprived of rest, joy and peace for his constant presence near his flocks who were already dead. He justifies his errant words by saying that his spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak.

Question 6.
Why did the sick man’s wife say ‘Father ! you come again !’?
Answer:
The sickman’s wife said, “Father ! you come again !” because she had seen him come to her husband, who died soon after he (Gilligan) left the house.

Question 7.
Who came to the sick man before his death? Why?
Answer:
One of God’s great angels came to the sick man before his death. He had come in the guise of Peter Gilligan.

Question 8.
What made Father Gilligan kneel and pray?
Answer:
That God had helped him when he needed rest most made Father Gilligan kneel and pray.

Question 9.
What were his words of gratitude to God?
Answer:
His words of gratitude to God were that He who took care of all things in the vast universe never forgot to relieve a poor priest like him of his dire exhaustion.

Question 10.
What qualities of Father Gilligan do you admire?
Answer:
We admire Father Gilligan’s keen sense of duty, deep concern for the sick and unflinching devotion to God.

Question 11.
Why did Father Gilligan sway to and fro?
Answer:
Father came to know from the sick man’s wife that the man passed away at night. At this Father Gilligan was in deep grief and swayed to and fro.

Question 12.
Why did the priest ride with little care?
Answer:
The priest was respondent for neglecting his duty to offer final communion to the sick man. So he rode recklessly to the sick man’s house without caring the hurdles on the way.

Question 13.
How did Father Gilligan react when he woke up from his deep sleep?
Answer:
Father Gilligan woke up from his deep sleep in the moth hour. He was horrified by the fact that he failed to perform his priestly duties to the sick man.

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – (1-4)
The old ……………………………………………………… to peep.
Peter Gilligan, the old priest, was tired of attending to the sick men of his parish night and day. One evening, while he was resting on a chair, a poor man sent for him. He began to whimper against overwork. Being old, he was unable to keep pace with the present work of praying for the growing number of sick persons in his parish. But in the next moment, he repented for the complaint and asked for God’s forgiveness. While praying on the chair, he fell asleep. Evening came. Stars in multitude were visible in the sky.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜଣେ ବୃଦ୍ଧ ଏବଂ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ରୋଗୀମାନଙ୍କ ସେବା କରି କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ଦିନେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଗୃହରୁ ଡାକରା ଆସିଲା । ସେ ଅଧ୍ବକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଭାର ହେତୁ ବିରକ୍ତି ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ବୁଢ଼ା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଥିବାରୁ ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରୁଥିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ଯାଇପାରୁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ପର ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପାଇଁ ଅନତାପ କଲେ ଓ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ କ୍ଷମାପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବାବେଳେ ସେ ଚୌକି ଉପରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଗଲା । ଆକାଶରେ ଅସଂଖ ତାରା ଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ହେଲେ ।

Glossary
priest : a person who performs religious rites of the church
weary : tired (କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ)
his flock : members of his parish (ଗୀର୍ଜା ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଲୋକ)
sods : upper strata of grasslands (ଘାସଚେକା )
nodded : relaxed (ମସ୍ତକ ଅବନତ କରି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରିବା, ତନ୍ଦ୍ରାଚ୍ଛନ୍ନ ହେବା )
moth-hour of eve : the time just before the evening when moths come out (ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଠିକ୍)
grieve : regret (ଦୁଃଖ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା)
rest : ବିଶ୍ରାମ
peace : ଶାନ୍ତି
forgive : excuse (କ୍ଷମା କରିବା )
My body spake, not I : He had spoken out of physical exhaustion, not because he did not want to work. His spirit was willing to work, but his flesh was weak. This reminds us of the words which Jesus said when he found Peter sleeping, St. Matthew Ch. XXVI Verse 41, ‘The spirit is willing enough, but the flesh is weak.’ Gilligan’s full name is ‘Peter Gilligan’. Peter is from the Greek ‘Petros’ which means stone or rock.
knelt : ଆଣ୍ଠୁଗଣ୍ଠି
leaned : ଆଉଜି ପଡ଼ିଲେ
the moth-hour went : ଗୋଧୁଳି ସମୟ ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ
peeped : came into view (ଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ଆସିଲା)

Stanza – 5
They slowly………………………………………….. to mankind
More and more stars began to twinkle in the sky. There was darkness all around. Silence spread everywhere. Leaves shook in the wind. God spoke softly to mankind.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଆକାଶରେ ଅଧିକସଂଖ୍ୟକ ତାରା ଆଖିମିଟିକା ମାରିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲେ । ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ଛାଇଗଲା । ସବୁଆଡ଼େ ନିସ୍ତବ୍ଧତା । ପବନରେ ପତ୍ରସବୁ ହଲୁଥିଲା । ଭଗବାନ ଯେପରି ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ମାନବଜାତି ସହିତ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ହେଉଥିଲେ ।

Glossary
They : (here) the stars (ତାରକାରାଜି )
millions grew : many more stars appeared in the sky (ଆବିର୍ଭାବ ହେଲା)
shook : rustled ( ହଲୁଥିଲା )
And God … mankind : God covered the world with darkness and spoke softly to the mankind. ( ଭଗବାନ ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମଣିଷ ଜାତିକୁ)
shade : ଛାଇ
whispered : ଚୁପ୍‌ଚୁପ୍ କରି କହିଲେ
mankind : ମାନବଜାତି

Stanza – (6-8)
Upon the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. come again !’.
The sparrows began to chirp before the dawn cracked. Suddenly Gilligan woke up from his sleep. He remembered the poor man of the evening. His heart was filled with grief to think that the man had died while he slept on the chair. Father Gilligan rode as fast as he could to the sick man’s house by narrow road and marshy land. The astonishment of the sick man’s wife knew no bounds to see the priest.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ସକାଳ ହେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଘରଚଟିଆମାନେ ରାବିବାକୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିଦେଲେ । ହଠାତ୍‌ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିପଡ଼ିଲେ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାର ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟିର କଥା ସେ ମନେ ପକାଇଲେ । ସେ ଚେୟାର୍‌ରେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥବ ବୋଲି ଭାବି ତାଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟରେ ଦୁଃଖ ଭରିଗଲା । ସେ ଘୋଡ଼ା ଚଢ଼ି ଖୁବ୍ ଜୋର୍‌ରେ ଅଣଓସାରିଆ ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ରାସ୍ତା ଦେଇ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟି ଘର ଆଡ଼କୁ ଚାଲିଲେ । ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖ୍ ଅସୁସ୍ଥ ଲୋକଟିର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟର ସୀମା ରହିଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Glossary
the time of sparrow-chirp : the time before (sunrise) when sparrows (small birds) come out and began to chirp (sing)
When …. more : It was evening, after sunset when Gilligan sat dozing on a chair. A little after that he got up, knelt and prayed; but while praying he fell asleep. When he woke up from sleep it was dawn again (the faint light before sunrise).
stood upright : sprang up suddenly awakened from sleep torn by his own conscience (ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍ ନିଦରୁ ଉଠିବା)
Mavrone ! : (Irish) little mother : Mary, mother of Jesus Christ addressed affectionately (ଯୀଶୁଙ୍କର) ମା)
Mavrone. mavrone! : a cry of grief (ଦୁଃଖଦ କାନ୍ଦଣା)
roused : wakened (ନିଦରୁ ଉଠେଇଲେ )
He rode …. rode : Peter GiiJian rode too fast for the first time.
lane and fen : narrow road and marshy land (ଓ ସନ୍ତସନ୍ତିଆ ଜମି )
‘Father ‘ again !‘: Gilligan is surprised to hear the words spoken by the sick man’s wife because he had not gone there before

Stanza – (9-12)
‘And is ……………………………………………………………………………… a chair.’
The sick man’s wife conveyed the priest about his (the sick man’s) death. He died merrily an hour ago just after the priest had gone. Gilligan reacted in wonder and disbelief. Peter Gilligan understood that God had sent one of His angels in his guise to pray for the dying man. He prayed to God in gratitude. Peter badly needed rest for he was faithful and dutiful. God, the Maker of the vast universe, had not forgotten even the humblest creatures like him in the cosmic universe.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଥିବା କଥା ତା’ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ପାଦ୍ରୀକୁ ଜଣାଇଦେଲେ । ସେ ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ଫେରିଯିବା ପରେ ପରେ ଶାନ୍ତିରେ ମରିଥିଲା । ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିସ୍ମୟ ଓ ଅବିଶ୍ଵାସରେ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ ବୁଝିପାରିଲେ ଯେ ଭଗବାନ ତା’ ବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁମୁଖରେ ପଡ଼ିଥିବା ଲୋକଟି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବାକୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଜଣାଇ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କଲେ । ପିଟର ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ଦରକାର କରୁଥିଲେ । ବିଶାଳ ବିଶ୍ବର ନିର୍ମାତା ତା’ଭଳି ନଗଣ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଭୁଲି ଯାଇନଥିବାରୁ ଆତ୍ମସନ୍ତୋଷ ଲାଭ କଲେ ।

Glossary
grief : sadness (ଦୁଖ)
swayed to and fro : moved from side to side, here Gilligan filled with repentance
When word: The delicate: introduction of the; supernatural power which is one of the characteristic of a ballad.
merry : glad (ଆନନ୍ଦ)
he knelt him : he knelt (ସେ ଆଣ୍ଠୁମାଡ଼ି)
tire and bleed : tired of life and work
wrapped in purple robes : God who is all merciful
planets : the whole universe (ସମଗ୍ର ବିଶ୍ବ)
least of things : the humblest being. Father Gilligan

Introducing the Poet
W. B. Yeats (1865-1939) was both a romantic and a modem poet. His early work was full of melody and decoration. It was full of luscious poetry in the romantic or late- romantic mould. His name is closely linked with the Irish Literary Movement. He is generally considered the greatest twentieth century poet in English language. Few poets have celebrated the beauty of woman as splendidly as Yeats has. His poetic career brings out a contrast between the early Yeats and the later Yeats. The former wrote of dreams, and the later of harsh reality. There is rich colouring and symbolism in his poetry. He has own vision of man and the world.

About the Poem
The poem was written at a time when the members were dying everyday in large numbers. Father Gilligan, the old priest of the parish, had to pray for the dying beside their death beds. This legendary tale about Father Gilligan has been told in verse. In other words, it is a ballad in a full measure.

Summary
The poem begins with the tired old priest, Peter Gilligan attending to the dying members of his parish round the clock. It is his duty to pray for them who are dying in large numbers. Evening sets in. Sorely tired, the Father Gilligan is old and weak. He grumbles against overwork. “I have no rest, nor joy, nor peace For people die and die.” But he is in his own elements in a flash. Dutiful priest as he is, he repents. He kneels, and leans on the chair and prays for God’s forgiveness. A tired soul, the priest, while praying sinks into a deep sleep on the chair. Evening leaks away. More and more stars begin to twinkle in the sky. Leaves rustle. The whole world plunges into darkness. Silence reigns everywhere. God whispers to mankind in the absolute calm and still of night. Tom by conscience, the priest springs up straight rousing from sleep. His sorrow knows no bound. “Mavrone, mavrone ! the man had died While / slept on the chair.” The poor man on that evening haunts him. Bitten by guilt, the priest breathlessly rides to the sick man’s house. The sick man’s wife opens the door and is surprised to see the priest again. ‘‘Father! you come again!” He comes to know about the death of the sick man. Father is grief-stricken. He becomes speechless in disbelief when he is told that the man died merrily an hour ago, after he (the priest) had departed. The ways of God begin to unfold before him. He realizes that God had sent one of his angels in his guise to attend to the sick man. His heart is filled with wonder and gratitude for God’s kindness of substituting one of his angels for him. God is all merciful. He has taken care of the humblest creature like him in His vast universe. Father Gilligan is lost in his unflinching love of God.
Moral: God never fails those who unflinchingly serve his fellowmen.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭରେ ଆମେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ପାଉ ବୃଦ୍ଧ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେଙ୍କୁ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ମୁମୂର୍ଷୁମାନଙ୍କର ଦିନରାତି ସେବାକରି ସେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର କବଳିତ ହେଉଥ‌ିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିମାନଙ୍କ ଆତ୍ମାର ସଦ୍‌ଗତି ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିବା ତାଙ୍କର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଆସିଛି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ବସି ବିଶ୍ରାମ କରୁଥିବା ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ମସ୍ତକ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତିରେ ନଇଁପଡ଼ିଛି । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ସେବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ ଆସିଛି । ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଯେତେ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ସମ୍ଭବ ତଦପେକ୍ଷା ଅଧ‌ିକ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥ‌ିବାରୁ ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରି ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ସ୍ବରରେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି ‘ମୋର ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନାହିଁ, ନାହିଁ ଆନନ୍ଦ, ନାହିଁ ଶାନ୍ତି କାରଣ ଲୋକମାନେ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ଓ ମରୁଛନ୍ତି ।’’ ହଠାତ୍ ସେ ଆତ୍ମସଚେତନ ହେଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମୁଖମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ସହସା ଏକ ଦିଗ୍ରୀ ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛି । ସେ ଜଣେ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟପରାୟଣ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ଏଭଳି ଅସନ୍ତୋଷ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଠିକ୍ ହୋଇନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ସେ ଅନୁତାପ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ଝୁଙ୍କିପଡ଼ି ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଷମା କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେତେବେଳକୁ ସେ କିନ୍ତୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଖୁବ୍‌ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରୁଥିବା ସମୟରେ ସେହି ଚେୟାର ଉପରେ ସେ ଶୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ଅତିକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି । ଆକାଶରେ କ୍ରମେ ଗୋଟି ଗୋଟି ହୋଇ ଅନେକ ତାରା ଝଲସି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ସମଗ୍ର ପୃଥ‌ିବୀ ଉପରକୁ ଅନ୍ଧକାର ମାଡ଼ିଆସିଛି। ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ନୀରବତା ବିଦ୍ୟମାନ ହୋଇଛି । ନିଥର ରାତ୍ରିର ନିସ୍ତବ୍‌ଧତା ଭିତରେ ଭଗବାନ ସତେ ଯେପରି ମୃଦୁ ସ୍ଵରରେ ମାନବଜାତିକୁ ଗୋପନ କଥା କହନ୍ତି । ସୁପ୍ତ ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବିବେକର ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ହଠାତ୍‌ ଚେଇଁ ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ଭାଙ୍ଗପଡ଼ି ସେ କହି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି …. ‘ମୁଁ ଚେୟାରରେ ଶୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଲୋକଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ।’’ସେଦିନ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ଯେଉଁ ଦରିଦ୍ର ଲୋକର ଡାକରା ଆସିଥିଲା, ତା’ କଥା ଚିନ୍ତାକରି ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଅଣନିଃଶ୍ଵାସୀ ହୋଇ ଘୋଡ଼ାରେ ବସି ସେହି ରୋଗୀର ଘରକୁ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସେହି ଲୋକର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ କବାଟ ଖୋଲିଛି, ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କୁ ପୁଣି ଥରେ ଦେଖୁ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇ କହିଲା…………..‘ପାଦ୍ରୀ ବାବା ! ଆପଣ ପୁଣି ଆସିଛନ୍ତି !’’ ପିଟର ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଃଖରେ ସେ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି । ସେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ସେ (ପାତ୍ରୀ) ଚାଲିଯିବାର ଠିକ୍ ପରେ ପରେ ଏଇମାତ୍ର ଘଣ୍ଟାଏ ଆଗରୁ ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଛି ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଛନ୍ତି; କାରଣ ସେ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଆସି ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ନିର୍ବାକ୍ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଛନ୍ତି; କିନ୍ତୁ କ୍ରମେ ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର କରୁଣାର ରହସ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ଉନ୍ମୋଚିତ ହୋଇଛି । ସେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ, ତାଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ଜାଣି ଭଗବାନ ରୋଗୀର ଶୁଶ୍ରୂଷା ପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କର (ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର) ଛଦ୍ମବେଶରେ ଜଣେ ଦେବଦୂତଙ୍କୁ ପଠାଇଥିଲେ । ଭଗବାନଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ପାଦ୍ରୀଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ତର କୃତଜ୍ଞତାରେ ଭରିଯାଇଛି । ଏହି ବିଶାଳ ପୃଥ‌ିବୀରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଜଣେ ନଗଣ୍ୟ ମଣିଷର ଯତ୍ନ ନେବାକୁ ମଧ୍ଯ ଭଗବାନ ଭୁଲି ନାହାନ୍ତି । ଗଭୀର ଭଗବତ୍ ପ୍ରୀତିରେ ପିଟର୍ ଗିଲିଗେନ୍ ଆତ୍ମହରା ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଛନ୍ତି।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 1 Solutions Poem 4 Television Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Poem 4 Television

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Television Text Book Questions and Answers

Think it out

Question 1.
What important thing does the poet say about children and television?
Answer:
The poet says that parents should not allow their children to glue to their TV set. Besides, they should not set this ‘idiotic box’ at all.

Question 2.
How do children spend their time with the television?
Answer:
Children spend their time with the television with their mouths wide open.

Question 3.
How do children behave while watching the TV?
Answer:
While watching the TV, children sit or lie leisurely and at that time they eat and spill snacks.

Question 4.
How does TV become a harmful addiction for children?
Answer:
TV becomes a harmful addiction for children when they watch it too much and become charmed by that fictional world.

Question 5.
Why do parents let their children watch TV?
Answer:
Parents let their children watch TV to refrain them from doing mischievous deeds such as ‘climbing out the window sill’. Besides, they don’t fight or kick or punch at all. As a result, parents themselves are free to cook the food and wash the dishes.

Question 6.
Do you think TV does the role of a babysitter? Justify?
Answer:
Yes, I think TV plays the role of a baby sitter. Television takes care of the children and gives them pleasure. Here the idiotic box acts on behalf of their parents.

Question 7.
What are the undesirable consequences of watching the television?
Answer:
The undesirable consequences of watching the television are manifold. For this a child ceases to think, wonder and imagine, and becomes dull. He is deprived of understanding a pleasant, imaginary situation and of world of wonder and magic. His creative power suffers a great jolt.

Question 8.
Why does the poet use all capital letters to end his poem?
Answer:
The poet uses all capital letters to end his poem with a view to sending a message to parents and children. The latter should cultivate the habit of reading instead of being adversely affected by watching TV constantly.

Question 9.
What comparison does he make to prove his point?
Answer:
To prove his point, he brings out a comparison between a child’s brain and cheese; the former becomes as soft as the latter.

Question 10.
“HE CANNOT THINK – HE ONLY SEES !” – What does “he” refer to?
Answer:
‘He’ refers to a child.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Television Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
Repetition of ‘Never’ brings out the poet’s ____________?
(A) blatant dislike of TV for the children
(B) advise to parents to be considerate towards their children’s act of watching the television
(C) appeal to ban TV for children
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) blatant dislike of TV for the children

Question 2.
‘Them near your television set.’ Here ‘them’ refers?
(A) parents
(B) children
(C) both parents and children
(D) the readers
Answer:
(B) children

Question 3.
‘The idiotic thing refers to ___________?
(A) foolish person
(B) lunatics
(C) an useless object
(D) none of these
Answer:
(D) none of these

Question 4.
The expression gaping at the screen’ implies _____________?
(A) parents’ inclination towards watching TV
(B) opening one’s mouth
(C) the children’s obsession with TV
(D) the poet’s disenchantment with it
Answer:
(C) the children’s obsession with TV

Question 5.
With all that shocking ghastly junk. The underlined expression means __________?
(A) dirt
(B) terrible unsubstantial thing
(C) deadly thing
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) terrible unsubstantial thing

Question 6.
Oh yes. we know it keeps them still. Does the underlined expression mean __________?
(A) parents should be careful
(B) children need to be silent for the interest for their parents
(C) the poet wants silence
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) children need to be silent for the interest of their parents

Question 7.
Does this do to your beloved tot? Here ‘your’ refers to ___________?
(A) the poet’s
(B) the children’s
(C) parent’s
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) parent’s

Question 8.
Does TV rob of the children of their ___________?
(A) study
(B) enjoyment of life
(C) fancies
(D) imaginative power
Answer:
(D) imaginative power

Question 9.
IT CLOGS AND CLUTTERS UP THE MIND!’ The poet uses only capital letters to bring home ___________?
(A) uses of TV
(B) insight into the children’s minds
(C) the devastating impact of TV on children
(D) his cold attitude toward TV
Answer:
(C) the devastating impact of TV on children

Question 10.
The poet fervently wants children to ____________?
(A) watch TV at the time
(B) read literature
(C) create a fairy world
(D) play
Answer:
(B) read literature

II. Short Type Questions with Answers

Question 1.
What has the poet watched in every house?
Answer:
The poet has watched the children spending their time looking at the pictures -on the TV screen which has become a common feature nowadays.

Question 2.
How do children act while watching TV?
Answer:
While watching TV. children sit or lie around the TV set in a lazy position eating and spilling snacks forgetting about their own selves.

Question 3.
What is the most important thing we have learned?
Answer:
The important thing that the poet says about children and television is that we should by no means let them sit and stare at the television set.

Question 4.
What is a still better option?
Answer:
The poet says that it would be still better not to install the idiot box at our home that destroys a child’s creativity.

Question 5.
What does the poet say about what is shown on TV?
Answer:
The poet says that TV becomes a harmful addiction for children because they are completely hypnotized by it and are absolutely drunk with all the shockingly rubbish things on it.

Question 6.
Account for the last 6 lines written in capital letters?
Answer:
The last 6 lines written in capital letters highlight the devastating impact of the television set on children.

Question 7.
What light does the poet throw on parents?
Answer:
The poet bluntly states that the parents have neither thought nor wondered what actually awaits their TV-drunk children. (Repetition of ‘s’ (‘sit’, ‘stare’, ‘stare’, ‘sit’)

Question 8.
What happens to a child’s imagination because of its obsession with TV?
Answer:
As a result of their obsession with TV, the children’s imaginative power suffers a terrible death. In other words, all they do is watch and believe what others say on TV.

Introducing the Poet
Roald Dahl (1916-1990) has been referred to as one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century. In 2008 The Times placed Dahl 16th on the list of “The Greatest British writers since 1945”. His short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children’s books for their unsentimental, often very dark honor. Dahl also had a successful parallel career as the writer of macabre adult stories. For a brief period in the 1760s, Dahl wrote screenplays. In his poetry, Dahl gives humorous re-interpretation of well-known nursery and fairy tales, providing surprise endings in place of the traditional happily ever after. His collection of poems Revolting Rhymes is recorded in audiobook form and narrated by actor Alan Cumming. He blended both human and truth into his poetry.

About the Poem
‘Television’, as the title implies, deals with the dangers of watching television and the problems of television addicts. This is a poem with a great flow and rhyme scheme. It is fun to read and captivating to children. The poem has a very clear message to parents and children.

Summary
At the outset, the poet sends a sort of wake-up call to the parents. They should refrain their children from sitting near their television set. Besides, they should not set up the ‘idiotic thing’ at all. Those children are always glued to the television has now become a common sight. Children watch them with their mouths wide open. Sitting leisurely and eating and spilling snacks, they look at it for a long time until their eyes wilt under pressure. They don’t take their eyes off the set until they are charmed by its spell. They watch it with fascination. Their eyes are fixed on those horrible things of little value. Then the poet throws light on the parents. They allow their children to watch the television to prevent them from doing mischief. Besides, they cook their food and wash their dishes freely. The poem comes to an end with a reference to the dangerous consequences children face as a result of watching TV constantly. They cease to think, wonder and imagine. Their imaginative power dies a premature death. It chokes a child’s mind. It fills his mind with too many things. A child becomes dull and blind to the world of magic and wonder. He is robbed of understanding ‘a fantasy’. TV leads to a child’s brain-wash. The poet gives vent to his concern stating that TV puts an end to his thinking power.

ସାରାଂଶ:
କବିତାର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ କବି ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କୁ ଏକପ୍ରକାର ସତର୍କବାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇଛନ୍ତି । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପାଖରେ ବସିବାରୁ ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରିବା ଉଚିତ । ଏତଦ୍‌ବ୍ୟତୀତ ସେମାନେ ଏହି ନିର୍ବୋଧ ବସ୍ତୁ (ଟେଲିଭିଜନ)କୁ ଘରେ ଆଦୌ ନ ରଖିବା ଉଚିତ । ପିଲାମାନେ ସର୍ବଦା ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀଭୂତ କରି ବସି ରହିବା ଏବେ ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ପାଲଟି ଯାଇଛି । ପିଲାମାନେ ପାଟି ମେଲା କରି ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନକୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହନ୍ତି । ଆରାମରେ ବସିରହି କିଛି ଖାଇବା ଜିନିଷ ପାଟିରେ ପକାଇ ଦେଇ ଆଖିରୁ ପାଣି ନଗଡ଼ିଲା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସେମାନେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନକୁ ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏହାର ଯାଦୁରେ ଆକର୍ଷିତ ନହେଲା ଯାଏ ସେମାନେ ଆଖୁ ହଟାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଆଖ୍ ସେହିସବୁ ବାଜେ ଚିତ୍ର ଉପରେ ଲାଖ୍ ରହିଥାଏ ଯାହା ଏକାନ୍ତ ମୂଲ୍ୟହୀନ । ଏହାପରେ କବି ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୁଷ୍ଟାମିରୁ ନିବୃତ୍ତ କରିବାପାଇଁ ସେମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେଇଥା’ନ୍ତି । ଏହାଦ୍ଵାରା ସେମାନେ ମୁକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିପାରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ବାସନ ସଫା କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ସବୁବେଳେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁବାଦ୍ଵାରା ପିଲାମାନେ ଯେଉଁସବୁ ଭୟଙ୍କର କୁପରିଣାମ ଭୋଗ କରନ୍ତି ତାହା ଉପରେ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଦେଇ କବିତାଟି ଶେଷ ହୋଇଛି । ଲଗାତର ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ଦେଖିବାଦ୍ଵାରା ସେମାନେ କିଛି ଭାବି ପାରନ୍ତିନି, ସେମାନେ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ କିମ୍ବା କଳ୍ପନା କରିପାରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର କଳ୍ପନାଶକ୍ତି ଅସମୟରେ ମରିଯାଏ । ଏହା ପିଲାର ମନକୁ ରୋଧ କରିଦିଏ । ଏହା ପିଲାର ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ ଅନେକ ଜିନିଷ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କରିଦିଏ । ସେ ମାନ୍ଦା ହୋଇଯାଏ ଏବଂ କୁହୁକମୟ ଓ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟଜନକ ସଂସାରକୁ ଉପଭୋଗ କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ଆନନ୍ଦକର କଳ୍ପନାକୁ ସେ ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପିଲାର ସୃଜନଶୀଳତାକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ । ଟେଲିଭିଜନ ପିଲାର ଚିନ୍ତନଶକ୍ତି ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ ବୋଲି ଦୃଢ଼ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ହୋଇ କବି ଗଭୀର ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

Detailed Summaries and Glossary

Stanza – 1
The most …………………………………………………………………… the floor.
The poet is averse to the idea of young children watching television. In his view, TV is an ‘idiotic thing’. They watch the screen with their mouths wide open. While lying leisurely and eating snacks they look at it for a long time until their eyes feel pressure.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଛୋଟ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କର ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁ କଥାକୁ କବି ପସନ୍ଦ କରିନାହାନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମତରେ ଏହା ଏକ ବସ୍ତୁ । ସେମାନେ ଏହାର ପରଦା ଆଡ଼କୁ ଆକରି ଚାହିଁ ରହିଥା’ନ୍ତି । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଜ୍‌ରେ ଚାପ ନ ପଡ଼ିବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆରାମରେ ପାଟିରେ କିଛି ଖାଇବା ଜିନିଷ ପକାଇ ଦେଇ ଶୋଇରହି ପିଲାମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ବହୁ ସମୟ ଧରି ଦେଖୁ’ନ୍ତି ।

Glossary
let : allow
install : to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use
idiotic thing : a television is called an ‘idiot box
gaping : looking at something with mouth wide open lolling and slopping and
lounge about : sit or lie leisurely while eating and spilling snacks ( ଆଳ ସ୍ଯଭାବେ ବସିରହି ଖାଇବା)
stare : look at someone or something for a long time (ନିରେଖି ଚାହିଁବା )
pop out : feel pressure (ଚାପ ଅନୁଭବ କରିବା)

Stanza – 2
They sit ……………………………………………………………. ghastly junk.
The television casts a spell on the children. They watch it in a frenzied fashion and become ‘hypnotized’ by that fictional world. They lose themselves in the world of horrible things that are of little value.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ମନମୁଗ୍ଧ କରିଦିଏ । ସେମାନେ ଏହାକୁ ପାଗଳ ଭାବରେ ଦେଖନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ସେହି କଳ୍ପିତ ଦୁନିଆ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ବଶୀଭୂତ କରିଦିଏ । ବିଶେଷ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵ ନ ଥିବା ଭୟଙ୍କର ଜିନିଷମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସେମାନେ ନିଜକୁ ହଜାଇ ଦିଅନ୍ତି ।

Glossary :
They sit .. and sit : children cannot take their eyes off the television
hypnotized : charmed
absolutely : completely ( ଭାବରେ )
drunk : (here) lose (ହଜି ଯାଆନ୍ତି)
ghastly : horrible ( ଭୟଙ୍କର )
junk : things of little value (ମୂଲ୍ୟହୀନ ଜିନିଷ )

Stanza – 3
Oh yes, ……………………………………………………………………….. ONLY SEES!
Children become television addicts. The inevitable happens. Television makes children sit silently. They don’t resort to any mischief. This is the rationale behind the parents’ permission for their children to watch TV. Besides, parents are free to cook their food and wash the dishes. But they never think of how this affects their children. Children are robbed of thinking and wondering. Watching the television constantly makes a child dull. As a result, he fails to understand a pleasant and imaginary fairyland. His brain greatly suffers. The child’s thinking power vanishes.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ପିଲାମାନେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ପ୍ରତି ଆସକ୍ତ ହୋଇଯାଆନ୍ତି । ଫଳରେ ଅଘଟଣ ଘଟେ । ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ନୀରବରେ ବସାଇଦିଏ । ସେମାନେ କୌଣସି ଦୁଷ୍ଟାମି କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଏଇ କାରଣରୁ ପିତାମାତାମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖୁବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦିଅନ୍ତି । ଏହାବ୍ୟତୀତ, ସେମାନେ ନିରୋଳାରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ତିଆରି କରିପାରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ବାସନ ସଫା କରିପାରନ୍ତି । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ କି ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଏ, ସେମାନେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ସେମାନେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାରୁ ଓ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପ୍ରକଟ କରିବାରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି । ସବୁବେଳେ ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନ ଦେଖ‌ିବା ପିଲାଙ୍କୁ ମାନ୍ଦା କରିଦିଏ। ଫଳରେ ସେ ସୁନ୍ଦର, କାଳ୍ପନିକ ପରୀରାଇଜକୁ ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ । ତା’ର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୁଏ । ତା’ର ଚିନ୍ତାଶକ୍ତି ଉଭେଇଯାଏ ।

Glossary
them : to children ( ପଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ )
still : silent (ନୀରବ)
window sill : ଝରକା ସିଲ
punch : କ୍ଷତ
sink : ବାସନ ଧୋଇବା ବେସିନ୍ ବା କୁଣ୍ଡ
beloved tot : loving child
ROTS …. HEAD ! : destroys a child’s sense – perception
KILLS : destroys (ନଷ୍ଟ କରିଦିଏ)
IMAGINATION: କଳ୍ପନା
CLOGS : blocks (ବନ୍ଦ କରିଦିଏ)
CLUTTER : to fill with too many thing (ଅନେକ ଜିନିଷ ପିଲାର ମନକୁ ଆସେ)
A FANTASY : a pleasant imaginary situation (ଏକ ସୁଖପ୍ରଦ କାଳ୍ପନିକ କଥା)
A FAIRYLAND: ଏକ ଫାୟାରଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ |
HIS …. CHEESE! : A child’s brain doesn’t grow The poet uses a simile. (ଶିଶୁର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ ଉନ୍ନତି କରିପାରେ ନାହିଁ)
HIS …. FREEZE ! : A child’s thinking- powers are gone (ଲୁପ୍ତ ହୁଏ)
HE SEES !: A child just watches TV. but fails to understand anything (ଗୋଟିଏ ଶିଶୁ TV ଦେଖେ, କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ବୁଝିପାରେ ନାହିଁ)

Odisha State Board Elements of Mathematics Class 12 Solutions CHSE Odisha Chapter 9 Integration Ex 9(a) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 9 Integration Exercise 9(a)

Question 1.
(i) ∫2 dx
Solution:
∫2 dx = 2x + C

(ii) ∫3x² dx
Solution:
∫3x² dx = 3 \(\frac{x^3}{3}\) + C = x³ + C

(iii) ∫4x³ dx
Solution:
∫4x³ dx = 4 \(\frac{x^4}{4}\) + C = x⁴ + C

(iv) ∫x⁵ dx
Solution:
∫x⁵ dx = \(\frac{x^6}{6}\) + C

(v) ∫x³¹ dx
Solution:
∫x³¹ dx = \(\frac{x^{32}}{32}\) + C

(vi) ∫\(\left(2 \sqrt{x}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(vii) ∫\(\frac{1}{x \sqrt{x}}\) dx
Solution:

(viii) ∫\(\left(x^{\frac{4}{7}}+\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{3}}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(ix) ∫\(\frac{4}{x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{4}{x}\) dx = 4 ln |x| + C

(x) ∫\(\left(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^{12}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(xi) ∫(x² + √x)² dx
Solution:

(xii) ∫(x + 3) (2 – x) dx
Solution:
∫(x + 3) (2 – x) dx
= ∫(2x + 6 – x² – 3x) dx
= ∫(-x² – x + 6) dx
= –\(\frac{1}{3}\)x³ – \(\frac{1}{2}\)x² + 6x + C

(xiii) ∫\(\frac{(\sqrt{x}+2)^2}{x^4}\) dx
Solution:

(xiv) ∫\(\frac{(x+\sqrt{x})(2 x+1)}{x^2}\) dx
Solution:

Question 2.
(i) ∫cos dx
Solution:
∫cos dx = sin x + C

(ii) ∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x}\)
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d x}{\cos ^2 x}\) = ∫sec² x dx = tan x + C

(iii) ∫\(\frac{d x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\)
Solution:
∫\(\frac{d x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) = ∫\(\frac{d x}{\sin ^2 x}\)
= ∫cosec² x dx
= -cot x + C

(iv) ∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos ^2 x}\) dx = ∫\(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos x}\) dx
= ∫sec x . tan x dx = sec x + C

(v) ∫\(\frac{2 \cos x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(vi) ∫\(\frac{1-\sin ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{1-\sin ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x}\) dx = ∫(cosec² x – sin x) dx
= -cot x + cos x + C

(vii) ∫\(\frac{\sin ^2 x}{1+\cos x}\) dx
Solution:

(viii) ∫\(\frac{\cos 2 x}{\cos x+\sin x}\) dx
Solution:

(ix) ∫\(\frac{\cos ^4 x-\sin ^4 x}{\cos x-\sin x}\) dx
Solution:

(x) ∫\(\frac{\cos 2 x}{\sin ^2 x \cdot \cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xi) ∫\(\frac{a^2 \sin ^2 x+b^2 \cos ^2 x}{\sin ^2 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xii) ∫(tan x + cot x)² dx
Solution:

(xiii) ∫\(\frac{1-\cos 2 x}{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xiv) ∫sec² x . cosec² x dx
Solution:

(xv) ∫\(\frac{\sin ^3 x+b \cos ^3 x}{\sin ^2 x \cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xvi) ∫\(\sqrt{1+\sin 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xvii) ∫\(\sqrt{1-\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xviii) ∫\(\sqrt{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\sqrt{1+\cos 2 x}\) dx = ∫√2 cos x dx
= √2 sin x + C

(xix) ∫\(\frac{\cos 3 x \cos 2 x+\sin 3 x \sin 2 x}{1-\cos ^2 x}\) dx
Solution:

(xx) ∫(a cot x + b tan x)² dx
Solution:
∫(a cot x + b tan x)² dx
= ∫{a² cot² x + b² tan² x + 2ab cot x – tanx} xdx
= ∫(a² cot² x + b² tan² x + 2ab) dx
= a² ∫cot² x dx + b² ∫tan² x dx + 2ab ∫dx
= a² ∫(cosec² x – 1) dx + b² ∫(sec² x – 1) dx + 2ab x + C
= a² (-cot x – x) + b² (tan x – x) + 2ab x + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x – x (a² + b² – 2ab) + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x – (a – b)² x + C
= b² tan x – a² cot x + C

Question 3.
(i) ∫(e^x + 2) dx
Solution:
∫(e^x +2) dx = ∫e^x dx + 2 ∫dx
= e^x + 2x + C

(ii) ∫3^x dx
Solution:
∫3^x dx = ∫\(\frac{3^x}{\ln 3}\) + C

(iii) ∫a^x+2 dx
Solution:
∫a^x+2 dx = ∫a^x a² dx
= a² . \(\frac{a^x}{\ln a}\) + C
= \(\frac{a^{x+2}}{\ln a}\) + C

(iv) ∫a^3x dx
Solution:
∫a^3x dx = \(\frac{1}{3} \frac{a^{3 x}}{\ln a}\) + C

(v) ∫\(\frac{e^{2 x}+1}{e^x}\) dx
Solution:
∫\(\frac{e^{2 x}+1}{e^x}\) dx = ∫(e^x + e^-x) dx
= e^x – e^-x + C

Question 4.
(i) ∫\(\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\frac{7}{1+x^2}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(ii) ∫\(\frac{3 x^2}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(iii) ∫\(\frac{x^6}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(iv) ∫\(\frac{x^4+x^3+x^2+x+2}{x^2+1}\) dx
Solution:

(v) ∫\(\left(\sqrt{1-x^2}+\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\right)\) dx
Solution:

(vi) ∫\(\frac{x^2+\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x^3 \sqrt{x^2-1}}\) dx
Solution:

Question 5.
Find the unique antiderivative F(x) of f(x) = 2x² + 1, whese F(o) = -2.
Solution:
F(x) = ∫f(x) dx = ∫(2x² + 1) dx
= \(\frac{2}{3}\)x³ + x + C
But F(0) = -2
∴ -2 = C
Thus F(x) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x³ + x – 2

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Additional Exercise Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 Math Solutions Chapter 8 Application of Derivatives Additional Exercise

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (Mcqs) With Answers

Question 1.
Write the maximum value of the function y = x⁵ in the interval [1, 5].
(a) 125
(b) 3125
(c) 625
(d) 225
Solution:
(b) 3125

Question 2.
Differentiate sin^-1 (cos x) with respect to x.
(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) -1

Question 3.
Write the equation of the tangent to the curve y = |x| at the point (-2, 2).
(a) 2x + 2y = 0
(b) 2x + y = 0
(c) x + y = 1
(d) x + y = 0
Solution:
(d) x + y = 0

Question 4.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(sin x)
(a) tan x
(b) sin x
(c) cos x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(c) cos x

Question 5.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cos x)
(a) cos x
(b) -sin x
(c) sin x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(b) -sin x

Question 6.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(tan x)
(a) tan x
(b) sec² x
(c) sin x
(d) cot x
Solution:
(c) sin x

Question 7.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(sec x)
(a) sin x cos x
(b) sin x tan x
(c) cot x tan x
(d) sec x tan x
Solution:
(d) sec x tan x

Question 8.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cot x) = -cosec²x
(a) -sin² x
(b) -cos² x
(c) -cosec² x
(d) -tan² x
Solution:
(c) -cosec² x

Question 9.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cosec x)
(a) -cosec x cot x
(b) -sin x cot x
(c) -tan x cot x
(d) -cos x cot x
Solution:
(a) -cosec x cot x

Question 10.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(e^x) = ex
(a) e
(b) x
(c) e^x
(d) e^2x
Solution:
(c) e^x

Question 11.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(a^x)
(a) a^2x log a
(b) a^x log a
(c) log a
(d) log a^x
Solution:
(b) a^x log a

Question 12.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(log x)
(a) x
(b) \(\frac{1}{2 x}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{1}{x}\)

Question 13.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(log_a x)
(a) \(\frac{x}{\log a}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{x \log a}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x^2 \log a}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{2 x^2 \log a}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{1}{x \log a}\)

Question 14.
Write the value of \(\frac{d}{d x}\)(cot^-1 x) = \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)
(a) \(\frac{1}{1-x^2}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{-1}{1-x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\)

Question 15.
Find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) for √x + √y = √c.
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
(b) \(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
(c) –\(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
(d) –\(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
Solution:
(c) –\(\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}\)

Question 16.
If f(x) = \(\log _{x^2}\) (log x), then find f'(e).
(a) \(\frac{1}{e}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{2 \mathrm{e}}\)
(d) \(\frac{2}{\mathrm{e}}\)
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{1}{2 \mathrm{e}}\)

Question 17.
If y = \(\sqrt{\sin x+y}\), then what is \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\)?
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y+1}\)
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y-1}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y+1}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)

Question 18.
If y = 10^x and z = 100^x/2 then find \(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{dx}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{y}^2}{\mathrm{z}}\right)\)
(a) 10^x log 10
(b) 10^2x log 10
(c) x log 10
(d) x² log 10
Solution:
(a) 10^x log 10

Question 19.
Find the differential of y = sin² x.
(a) 2sinx cot x dx
(b) 2sinx tan x dx
(c) 2sinx cosx dx
(d) 2cosx sinx dx
Solution:
(c) 2sinx cosx dx

Question 20.
Differentiate \(\sqrt{\sin \sqrt{x}}\)
(a) \(\frac{\cos \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \sin \sqrt{x}}}\)
(b) \(\frac{\sin x}{4 \sqrt{x \cos \sqrt{x}}}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \cos \sqrt{x}}}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{4 \sqrt{x \cos x}}\)
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\cos \sqrt{x}}{4 \sqrt{x \sin \sqrt{x}}}\)

Question 21.
If f(x) = [tan² x], what is f'(0)?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 22.
If xy = e^x-y then find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\).
(a) \(\frac{\log x}{(1-\log x)^2}\)
(b) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)}\)
(d) \(\frac{\log x}{(1-\log x)}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{\log x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)

Question 23.
Find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\) if y = cot^-1\(\left(\frac{1+\cos x}{1-\cos x}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\)
(a) 0
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(c) 1
(d) \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Solution:
(b) \(\frac{1}{2}\)

Question 24.
Find the derivative of sin x° w.r.t. x.
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{90}\) cos x°
(b) π cos x°
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) cos x°
(d) π sin x°
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) cos x°

Question 25.
The least value of a such that f(x) = x² + ax + 1 is strictly increasing on (1, 2) is
(a) -2
(b) -4
(c) 2
(d) 4
Solution:
(a) -2

Question 26.
If y = sec^-1\(\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)\) + sin^-1\(\left(\frac{x-1}{x+1}\right)\) then find \(\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\).
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 27.
Let f(x) = e^x g(x), g(0) = 2 and g'(0) = 1, then find f'(0).
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Solution:
(c) 3

Question 28.
If x ∈ (0, π/2) then find \(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{dx}}\)[sin x]
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 7C
(d) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 29.
If f(x) = [x²] then f’\(\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)\) = ________.
(a) 1
(b) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
(c) 0
(d) –\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 30.
A differentiable function f defined for all x > 0 satisfies f(x²) = x³ for all x > 0. What is f'(b)?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 12
Solution:
(c) 6

Question 31.
What is the derivative of f'(In x) w.r.t x where f(x) = ln x.
(a) \(\frac{1}{x^2 \ln x}\)
(b) \(\frac{1}{2 x \ln x}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x^2}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{1}{x \ln x}\)

Question 32.
For what value of a, f(x) = log_a (x) is increasing on R?
(a) a > 1
(c) a < 1
(b) a = 1
(d) a > 1
Solution:
(a) a ≥ 1

Question 33.
Write the points at which tangent to the curve y = x² – 3x is parallel to x – axis.
(a) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}\right)\)
(b) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)
(c) \(\left(\frac{-3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}\right)\)
(d) \(\left(\frac{-3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)
Solution:
(b) \(\left(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{-9}{4}\right)\)

Question 34.
If y = e^x + e^-x + 2 has a tangent parallel to x – axis at (α, β) then find the value of α.
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) -1
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 35.
Write slope of the tangent to the curve y = √3 sin x + cos x at (\(\frac{\pi}{3}\), 2)
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) None of the above
Solution:
(c) 0

Question 36.
Find the value of x for which f(x) is either a local maximum or a local minimum when
f(x) = x³ – 3x² – 9x + 6.
(a) (3, -1)
(b) (3, 1)
(c) (-1, 3)
(d) (1, -3)
Solution:
(a) (3, -1)

Question 37.
Find the x – coordinates of the extreme points of the function.
y = cos x + sin x , x ∈ [0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)]
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
(b) \(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac{\pi}{2}\)
(d) π
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\pi}{4}\)

Question 38.
Find the equation of tangent to the curve x = y² – 2 at the points where slope of the normal equal to (-2).
(a) x + y – 1 = 0
(b) 2x + y – 1 = 0
(c) 2x – y + 1 = 0
(d) x – y + 1 = 0
Solution:
(b) 2x + y – 1 = 0

Question 39.
f(x) = x⁴ – 62x² + ax + 9 attains its maximum value at x = 1 in the interval [0, 2]. Find the value of ‘a’.
(a) 12
(b) 120
(c) 1
(d) 1200
Solution:
(b) 120

Question 40.
If sin (x + y) = log (x + y) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is:
(a) 2
(b) -2
(c) 1
(d) -1
Solution:
(d) -1

Question 41.
If f(x) = 2x and g(x) = \(\frac{x^2+1}{2}\) then which of the following can be a discontinuous function?
(a) F(x) + g(x)
(b) f(x) – g(x)
(c) f(x) . g(x)
(d) \(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}\)

Question 42.
If f(x) = x² sin (‘) where x ≠ 0 then the value of the function f at x = 0, so that the function is continuous at x = 0 is
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) none of these
Solution:
(a) 0

Question 43.
The derivative of cos^-1 (2x² – 1) with respect to cos^-1 x
(a) 2
(b) \(\frac{-1}{2 \sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
(c) \(\frac{2}{x}\)
(d) 1 – x²
Solution:
(a) 2

Question 44.
If y = \(\sqrt{\sin x+y}\) then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is equal to:
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)
(b) \(\frac{\cos x}{1-2 y}\)
(c) \(\frac{\sin x}{1-2 y}\)
(d) \(\frac{\sin x}{2 y-1}\)
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\cos x}{2 y-1}\)

Question 45.
Find the value of \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) at θ = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\) if x = asec³ θ and x = atan³ θ is:
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
(b) –\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
(c) \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(d) 1
Solution:
(a) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Question 46.
If x²y = e^x-y then \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is:
(a) \(\frac{1+x}{1+\log x}\)
(b) \(\frac{1-x}{1+\log x}\)
(c) \(\frac{x}{1+\log x}\)
(d) \(\frac{x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)
Solution:
(d) \(\frac{x}{(1+\log x)^2}\)

Question 47.
Differential coefficient of sec (tan^-1 x) is:
(a) \(\frac{x}{1+x^2}\)
(b) \(x \sqrt{1+x^2}\)
(c) \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)
(d) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)
Solution:
(c) \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}\)

Question 48.
The function f(x) = x^x is decreasing in the interval:
(a) (0, e)
(b) (0, \(\frac{1}{e}\))
(c) (0, 1)
(d) none of these
Solution:
(b) (0, \(\frac{1}{e}\))

(B) Very Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
If f'(2⁺) = 0 and f'(2^–) = 0, then is f(x) continuous at x = 2?
Solution:
f'(2⁺) = 0 and f'(2^–) = 0
⇒ f is differentiable at x = 2
⇒ f is continuous at x = 2.

Question 2.
If Φ(x) = f(x) + f(1 – x), f'(x) = 0 for 0 < x < 1, then is x = a point of maxima or minima of Φ(x)?
Solution:
Let Φ(x) = f(x) + f(1 – x)
⇒ Φ’ = f'(x) – f'(1 – x)
Φ”(x) = f”(x) + f”(1 – x)
Now Φ'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = f'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) – f'(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = 0
⇒ \(\frac{1}{2}\) is a critical point.
Φ”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = f”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) – f”(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = 0
⇒ x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) is neither a point of local maxima nor a point of local minima.

Question 3.
Write the interval in which the function f(x) = sin^-1 (2 – x) is differentiable.
Solution:
f(x) = sin^-1 (2 – x) is differentiable for
1 – (2 – x)² > 0.
⇒ (2 – x)² < 1
⇒ -1 < 2 – x < 1
⇒ -3 < -x < -1
⇒ 3 > x < 1
⇒ 1 < x < 3
⇒ x ∈ (1, 3)
∴ f is differentiable on (1, 3)

Question 4.
Write the set of values of x for which the function f(x) = sin x – x is increasing.
Solution:
f(x) = sin x – x
⇒ f'(x) = cos x – 1 ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
∴ f(x) is increasing for all x ∈ R

Question 5.
Write the differential coefficient of e^{[x] ln (x + 1)} where 3 ≤ x < 4 with respect to x.
Solution:
Let y = e
= e^3ln(x+1) (∵ 3 ≤ x < 4)
= \(e^{\ln (x+1)^3}\) = (x + 1)³
\(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 3(x + 1)²

Question 6.
Write a logarithmic function which is differentiable only in the open interval (-1, 1).
Solution:
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\ln \left|\sin ^{-1} x\right|, x \neq 0 \\
1, x=0
\end{array}\right.\) is differentiable only on (-1, 1).

Question 7.
Write a function which has both relative and absolute maximum at the point (1, 2).
Solution:
f(x) = -x² + 2x + 1 on [0, 1] has relative and absolute maximum at (1, 2).

Question 8.
Write the derivation of e^3logx with respect to x².
Solution:
Let u = e^3lnx = e^lnx = \(e^{\ln x^3}\)= x³ and v = x²
∴ \(\frac{d u}{d x}\) = 3x² and \(\frac{d v}{d x}\) = 2x
∴ Derivative of u w.r.t. v is
\(\frac{d u}{d v}\) = \(\frac{3 x^2}{2 x}\) = \(\frac{3 x}{2}\)

Question 9.
Write the maximum value of the function y = x⁵ in the interval [1, 5]:
Solution:
y = x⁵
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 5x⁴ > 0 ∀ x ∈ [1, 5]
i.e y is strictly increasing in the given interval.
Thus the maximum value of
y = x⁵ = 5⁵ = 3125

Question 10.
Differentiate a^lnx with respect to x
Solution:
\(\frac{d}{d x}\)(a^{ln x}) = a^{ln x} (ln a)\(\frac{d}{d x}\)ln x
= \(\frac{a^{\ln x} \ln a}{x}\)

Question 11.
Mention the values of x for which x the function f(x) = x³ – 12x is increasing.
Solution:
Given f(x) = x³ – 12x
f is increasing if f'(x) > 0
⇒ 3x² – 12 > 0
⇒ x² > 4
⇒ -2 > x > 2
⇒ x ∈ (-∞, -2) ∪ (2, ∞)

Question 12.
Differentiate sin^-1 (cos x) with respect to x.
Solution:
\(\frac{d}{d x}\)sin^-1 (cos x) = \(\frac{d}{d x}\)sin^-1 sin (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) – x)
= \(\frac{d}{d x}\) (\(\frac{\pi}{2}\) – x) = 1

Question 13.
Write the equation of the tangent to the curve y = |x| at the point (-2, 2).
Solution:
y = |x| = \(\left\{\begin{aligned}
x, & x \geq 0 \\
-x, & x<0
\end{aligned}\right.\)
When x < 0, \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = -1
which is the slope of the tangent at (-2, 2).
Equation of the required tangent is
y – 2 = (-1) (x + 2)
⇒ y = -x
⇒ x + y = 0.

Question 14.
What is the derivative of sec^-1 x with respect to x if x < -1?
Solution:
Let y = sec^-1 x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{1}{|x| \sqrt{x^2-1}}\)
when x < (-1) we have |x| = -x
∴ \(\left.\frac{\mathrm{dy}}{\mathrm{dx}}\right]_{\mathrm{x}<(-1)}\) = \(\frac{(-1)}{x \sqrt{x^2-1}}\)

Question 15.
Write the set of points where the function f(x) = x³ has relative (local) extrema.
Solution:
f(x) = x³
⇒ f'(x) = 3x²
f'(x) = 0
⇒ x = 0
But f”(x) = 6x = 0 when x = 0
∴ x = 0 is not a point of local extrema.
∴ Hence the set of points where f has relative extrema = Φ.

Question 16.
In which interval of x the function \(\frac{\ln \mathbf{x}}{x}\) is decreasing?
Solution:
Let f(x) = \(\frac{\ln x}{x}\)
⇒ f'(x) = \(\frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{x}-\ln x}{x^2}\) = \(\frac{1-\ln x}{x^2}\)
f is decreasing for
f'(x) < 0 ⇒ \(\frac{1-\ln x}{x^2}\) < 0
⇒ 1 – ln x < 0 (∵ x² > 0)
⇒ 1 < ln x
⇒ ln x > 1
⇒ x e (e, ∞).

(C) Short Type Questions With Answers

Question 1.
If y = \(e^{x^{e^{e^{e^{x^x…..}}}}}\), then find \(\frac{d \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\).
Solution:

Question 2.
If \(\frac{\mathbf{d}^2 \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d x}^2}\), if x = a cosΦ and y = b sinΦ.
Solution:
x = a cosΦ, y = b sinΦ

Question 3.
Find the point on the curve x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0, where the normal to the curve is parallel to the x – axis.
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is
x² + y² – 4xy + 2 = 0 … (1)
Differentiang we get

Question 4.
Find the intervals in which the function y = \(\frac{\ln x}{x}\) is increasing and decreasing.
Solution:

Question 5.
Differentiate y = tan^-1\(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{\sqrt{1+x^2}-\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Solution:

Question 6.
Differentiate y = (sin y)^{sin 2x}
Solution:
y = (sin y)^{sin 2x}
⇒ In y = sin 2x ln (sin y)

Question 7.
Test the differentiability and continuity of the following function at x = 0:
f(x) = \(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}
\frac{1-e^{-x}}{x} & x \neq 0 \\
1 & x=0
\end{array}\right.\)
Solution:
Given function is


As LHD = RHD, we have the given function is differentiable at x = 0 and f'(0) = –\(\frac{1}{2}\).

Question 8.
Show that the sum of intercepts on the co-ordinate axes of any tangent to the curve
√x + √y = √a is constant.
Solution:
Given curve √x + √y = √a … (1)

Question 9.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = (log x)² at x = \(\frac{1}{e}\).
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is
y = (log x)²

Question 10.
If y = x + \(\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x+\cdots \cdots \infty}}\), find \(\frac{\mathbf{d y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\), the rhs being a valid expression.
Solution:

Question 11.
Differentiate sec^-1 (\(\frac{1}{2 x^2-1}\)) with respect to \(\sqrt{1-x^2}\).
Solution:

Question 12.
Find \(\frac{d \mathbf{y}}{\mathbf{d t}}\) , when y = sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 \sqrt{t}-1}{t^2}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 13.
Find \(\frac{\mathbf{d y}}{\mathbf{d x}}\) , if x^myⁿ = \(\left(\frac{\mathbf{x}}{\mathbf{y}}\right)^{\mathrm{m}+\mathrm{n}}\)
Solution:

Question 14.
If x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ, prove that:
\(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\) = –\(\frac{b^4}{a^2 y^3}\)
Solution:

Question 15.
Find the interval where the following function is increasing:
y = sin x + cos x, x ∈ [0, 2π].
Solution:
y = sin x + cos x, x ∈ [0, 2π].

Question 16.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\), when y^x = x^{sin y}.
Solution:
y^x = x^{sin y}
Taking log of both sides we get,
x ln y = (sin y) ln x
Differentiating with respect to x we get,

Question 17.
Show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) is independent of t,
if cos x = \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+t^2}}\), sin y = \(\frac{2 t}{1+t^2}\)
Solution:
cos x = \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+t^2}}\), sin y = \(\frac{2 t}{1+t^2}\)
Let t = tan θ
∴ cos x = cos θ, sin y = sin 2θ
⇒ y = 2θ, x = θ
⇒ y = 2x
⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = 2 which is independent of t.

Question 18.
Show that 2sin x + tan x > 3x for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
Solution:
Let f(x) = 2sin x + tan x – 3x
⇒ f'(x) = 2cos x + sec² x – 3
Let g(x) = f'(x) = 2cos x + sec² x – 3
⇒ g'(x) = -2sin x + 2sec² x tan x
= 2sin x (sec³ x – 1) ≥ 0
for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
∴ g is an increasing function on (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
But g(0) = 0
∴ g(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ f is an increasing function on (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
But f(0) = 0
∴ f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))
⇒ 2sin x + tan x ≥ 3x for x ∈ (0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\))

Question 19.
Show that no two normals to a parabola are parallel.
Solution:
Let us consider the parabola y² = 4ax – (1) and A(at₁², 2at₁) and B (at₂², 2at₂) are any two points on its from (1)

As t₁ ≠ t₂ we have no two normals of a parabola are parallel.

Question 20.
Examine the differentiability of In x² for all real values of x.
Solution:
Let f(x) = In (x²) = 2 ln |x|
Clearly Dom f = R – {0}
Let any a ∈ Dom f.

Question 21.
Find the derivative of x^{sin x} with respect to x.
Solution:
Let y = x^{sin x} = e^{(sin x)/nx}

Question 22.
Differentiate sin^-1 \(\left(\frac{2 x}{1+x^2}\right)\) with respect to cos^-1 \(\left(\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}\right)\).
Solution:

Question 23.
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve x = 2(t – sin t), y = 2(1 – cos t) at t = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\).
Solution:

Question 24.
If cos y = x cos(a + y), then show that \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = \(\frac{\cos ^2(a+y)}{\sin a}\).
Solution:

Question 25.
Find the extreme values of the function y = x + \(\frac{y}{x}\).
Solution:

Question 26.
Find the intervals where the following function is (i) increasing, (ii) decreasing:
f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\mathbf{x}^2+1, & x \leq-3 \\ x^3-8 x+13, & x>-3\end{cases}\)
Solution:
Given f(x) = \(\begin{cases}\mathbf{x}^2+1, & x \leq-3 \\ x^3-8 x+13, & x>-3\end{cases}\)
Clearly f is not differentiable at x = -3.
and f ‘(x) = \(\begin{cases}2 \mathrm{x}, & \mathrm{x}>-3 \\ 3 \mathrm{x}^2-8 & \mathrm{x}<-3 \\ \text { does not exist } & \text { for } \mathrm{x}=-3\end{cases}\)
Case – 1: x > -3
Clearly f'(x) > 0 for x > 0 and f'(x) < 0 for -3 < x < 0
∴ f is increasing in (0, ∞) and decreasing in (-3, 0).
Case – 2: x < -3
Clearly for x < -3, f(x) = 3x² – 8 > 0
i.e., f is increasing in (-∞, -3)
Thus f is increasing in (-∞, -3) ∪ (0, ∞) and decreasing in (-3, 0).

Question 27.
Prove that:
y = In tan \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{x}{2}\right)\) ⇒ \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) = sec x
Solution:

Question 28.
Differentiate with respect to x:
y = \(2^{x^2}\) + tan^-1 \(\left(\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{\cos x+\sin x}\right)\)
Solution:

Question 29.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x = y² – 1 at the point where the slope of the normal to the curve is (-2).
Solution:
Given equation of the curve is x = y² – 1.

Question 30.
Find \(\frac{d y}{d x}\) if y = \(\log _{\left(x^2\right)}\)3.
Solution:

Question 31.
Write why the function sin^-1 \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\) cannot be differentiated anywhere.
Solution:

⇒ 1 – x² ≥ 1
⇒ x = 0
∴ DOM of {0 3}
But f is not defined in a deleted interval of x = 0.
Hence f is not differentiable at x = 0 and hence not differentiable anywhere.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 2 Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 My Mother Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Solutions Non-Detailed Chapter 5 My Mother

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English Chapter 5 My Mother Text Book Questions and Answers

Unit – 1

Gist:
This unit begins with Chaplin’s description of his father; the latter liked to live in a state of isolation. He was not only an entertainer, but also a silent, thoughtful man with dark eyes. In his mother’s view, his father possessed a Napoleonic appearance. He was endowed with a grave and deep voice. Above all, he was a very good artist. In those days, he earned forty pounds a week. His addiction to drinking led to hic parent’s divorce. The writer refers to the entertainers of those times. They easily drank in those days, because all theatres sold alcohol. Some theatres earned greater profit in the bar than from the box office.

A number of stars earned handsomely because of their talent as well as their lavish spending on drinks. This destroyed many artists. The writer’s mother said that her husband was a die-hard drunkard, and therefore, died an early death at the age of thirty-seven. The mother’s attitude towards Chaplin’s father was blend of sympathy and sadness. He burst into a devastating temper at the time of drinking. When Chaplin was only one-year-old, his parents were divorced. A star as she was, she did not seek a maintenance. She looked after herself and her children without any difficulty. However, misfortune also could make her ask for relief. At last her theatrical engagement collapsed, when she suffered from prolonged inflammation of larynx as a result of slight cold.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଏହି ଭାଗର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାଙ୍କ କଥା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଏକୁଟିଆ ରହିବାକୁ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲେ । ସେ କେବଳ ଜଣେ ଅଭିନେତା ନ ଥିଲେ, ବରଂ ଜଣେ ନୀରବ ଓ ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଥିଲେ । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ନୋପୋଲିୟନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଦେଖା ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଥିଲା ଗୁରୁଗମ୍ଭୀର । ସେ ଜଣେ ସୁନ୍ଦର କଳାକାର ଥିଲେ । ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ସପ୍ତାହକୁ ଚାଳିଶ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଆୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କର ମଦନିଶା ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦର କାରଣ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ଲେଖକ ତତ୍କାଳୀନ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀଙ୍କ ଚରିତ୍ର ଚିତ୍ରଣ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେମା ନେ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ମଦ୍ୟପାନ କରୁଥିଲେ । କାରଣ ସବୁ ଥୁଟର ମଦ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରୁଥିଲେ।

ନାଟକ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଥୁଟରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଦବିକ୍ରିରୁ ବେଶୀ ଟଙ୍କା ଉପାର୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ପ୍ରତିଭା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏବଂ ଥୁଟରର ମଦଶାଳାରେ ବେଶୀ ଟଙ୍କା ‘ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ କରୁଥିବାରୁ ଅନେକ କଳାକାର ବହୁଳ ପରିମାଣରେ ଟଙ୍କା ପାଉଥିଲେ । ଏହା ଅନେକ କଳାକାରଙ୍କର ନଷ୍ଟର କାରଣ ଥିଲା । ମା’ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ କୁହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଭୟଙ୍କର ମଦ୍ୟପ ଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ସେ ମାତ୍ର ୩୭ ବର୍ଷରେ ଅକାଳରେ ମରିଗଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ବାପାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଭଙ୍ଗୀ ଥିଲା ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସହାନୁଭୂତିର ଏକ ମିଶ୍ରିତ ଭାବନା । ମଦ ପିଇବା ସମୟରେ ସେ ଭୟଙ୍କର କ୍ରୋଧୀ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲେ । ଯେତେବେଳ ଚାପଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ମାତ୍ର ଏକ ବର୍ଷ, ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ ହୋଇଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେହେତୁ ସେ ଏକ ତାରକା ଥିଲେ, ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଦାବି କରି ନ ଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ବିପତ୍ତି ସମୟରେ ସେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଲୋଡୁଥିଲେ । ସର୍ବଶେଷରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥିଏଟରରେ କାମ ମିଳିବା କମିଗଲା, କାରଣ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଥଣ୍ଡା ଯୋଗୁଁ ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ବହୁ ସମୟ ଧରି ଖରାପ ହୋଇ ଯାଉଥିଲା ।

Glossary :
hardly : କ୍ବଚିତ୍
aware of : know (ଜାଣିବା)
vaudevillian: an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience ଅଭିନୟ କରନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ବାଦ୍ୟ
quiet: ଶାନ୍ତ
brooding: thoughtful (ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ)
light : ହାଲୁକା
baritone: grave and deep (male voice) (ଗମ୍ଭୀର ସ୍ଵର)
artist: କଳାକାର
considerable: substantial (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ)
large: ପ୍ରଚୁର
Laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx (କଣ୍ଠରେ ସଂକ୍ରମଣ)
progressively worse : ଦ୍ରୁତ ଗତିରେ ଖରାପ
crack: ଫାଟ
ruined: ବରବାଦ
violent: ହିଂସାତ୍ମକ
tantrums: childish outburst of temper (ପିଲାଳିଆ ରାଗ)
frantic: ରୋମାଞ୍ଚକର
bitterness: ତିକ୍ତତା
drunkenness : ମଦ୍ୟାସକ୍ତ ଅବସ୍ଥା
ruefully: sadly (ଦୁଃଖରେ)
“You gutter’: କ୍ରୋଧରେ ମା’ Chaplin ଙ୍କୁ କୁହିଛି, ‘ତୁ ଦିନେ ତୋ ବାପାଙ୍କ ଭଳି ଦୁଃଖ ଭୋଗିବୁ ।’’
alimony: means of living (ଭରଣପୋଷଣ)
ill fortune: ଦୁର୍ଭାଗ୍ୟ
booing: a sound uttered to show dislike, scorn, or disappointment (ଘୃଣାବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜକ ସ୍ଵର)
impaired: weakened
fell off : କମିଗଲା

Think it out

Question 1.
What does Chaplin speak about his father?
Answer:
Chaplin states that his father liked to live in a state of isolation. He was an entertainer, a silent, thoughtful man with dark eyes. He learnt from his mother that his father looking like Napoleon, was endowed with a deep voice. He was a beautiful artist. He was addicted to drinking which eventually led to his death at the age of thirty-seven. He flew into a devastating temper at the time of drinking. He was legally seprated from his mother.

Question 2.
What account of the vaudevillians do you get from the text?
Answer:
From the text we learn that vandevillians were die-hard drunkards. They earned handsomely not only for their talent, but because of they spent most part of their earnings at the theatre bar. As a result, many artists were ruined by drinking.

Question 3.
What is the mother’s attitude towards Charlie’s father?
Answer:
The mother’s attitude towards Charlie’s father is a blend of sympathy and sadness. She never showed bitterness towards him.

Question 4.
Why did his mother’s theatrical engagements fall off?
Answer:
His mother’s voice lost her strength. A little cold caused an inflammation of her larynx. Her suffering continued for weeks. Nevertheless, she was compelled to go on working and therefore, her voice went from bad to worse. In the middle of singing the cracking in her voice or its sudden disappearance into a low sound drew laughter and shouting from the audience. Her health deteriorated. She grew nervous. As a result, mother’s theatrical engagements fell off.

Unit – II

The mother’s miserable vocal condition made Chaplin go to the stage at the age of five. She did not like him to live alone in rented rooms at night. Therefore, she brought him to the theatre. His mother entertained mostly soldiers who were indecent to the core. They made his mother and other performers objects of derision and laughter. Chaplin walks down the memory lane. While standing in the wings, he saw her voice crack and became almost inaudible. The audience laughed at her miserable condition. They sang and whistled aloud. The noise did not stop.

Then his mother was compelled to walk off the stage. When she left it, she was quite worried. Chaplin still remembers the stage manager grabbing him by the hand followed by a rational appeal to the audience and leaving him on the stage alone. He rose to the occasion. In the midst of the glare of footlights and smoking audience, he began to sing a famous song called Jack Jones. His song, though unfinished, evoked a tremendous positive response from the typical audience. They threw money to the stage in abundance. In short, the audience responded quite enthusiastically to his debut on the stage. Chaplin wanted to stop, pick the money and sing again and his words drew peals of laughter from the audience.

They learnt that he was ready to sing again. The stage manager handed over the money to his mother. Then Chaplin interacted with the audience, danced and sang many songs imitating one of his mother’s on Irish march. He repeated the chorus. He keenly imitated his mother’s cracking voice amidst the tumultuous cheer and laughter and money-throwing of the audience. When mother appeared on the stage to take him, her presence was greeted with roaring applause. That night marked Chaplin’s first performance on the stage. Mother never performed again. Mother’s voice never came to its former condition. When her career on the stage ended, his mother made her living by spending a little money she had saved and this had disappeared soon. And then she mortgaged jewellery and other small belongings. Nevertheless, she was hopeful about regaining her voice.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୟନୀୟ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅବସ୍ଥା ପାଞ୍ଚବର୍ଷ ବୟସର ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟାଣି ନେଇଥିଲା । ରାତିରେ ମା’ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଭଡ଼ାଘର କୋଠରି ଭିତରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ଛାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ଥ୍ଟରକୁ ଆଣୁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ପ୍ରାୟ ସୈନିକମାନଙ୍କର ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସୈନିକମାନେ ବହୁମାତ୍ରାରେ ଅସଭ୍ୟ ଥିଲେ । ଏକଦା ମଞ୍ଚର ଏକ କୋଣରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ ମା’ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଲା ଏବଂ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଅସହାୟତାରେ ଥଟ୍ଟା କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲେ ଏବଂ ଉଚ୍ଚସ୍ୱରରେ ସିସିକାରୀ ମାରିଲେ ।

କୋଳାହଳ ବନ୍ଦ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ । ବାଧ୍ୟହୋଇ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଆସିଲେ । ସେ ବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ବିବ୍ରତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲେ । ପରିଚାଳକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜବରଦସ୍ତ ଟାଣି ଆଣି ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଏକୁଟିଆ ଛାଡ଼ିଯିବାର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଏବେବି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ସ୍ମୃତିରେ ରହିଛି । ସେ ଚମତ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲେ । ଝଲସୁଥିବା ଆଲୋକ ଏବଂ ଧୂମ୍ରପାନ କରୁଥିବା ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିରେ ସେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ Jack Jones ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଏହି ପ୍ରଥମ ପଦାର୍ପଣ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଗଭୀର ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଲା । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ ।

ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟଙ୍କା ଗୋଟାଇବେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବେ ବୋଲି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ । ଏଥିରେ ଶ୍ରୋତୃମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ପରିଚାଳକ ସବୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ଦେଇଦେଲେ । ଏହାପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟାଳାପ କଲେ, ନାଚିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅନେକ ଗୀତ ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇଲେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର Irish march ତାଙ୍କର ଭଗ୍ନ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଟର ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇବା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟାନ୍ବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ହସ, ପ୍ରଫୁଲ୍ଲତା ଏବଂ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପଡ଼ା ଦେଖ‌ିଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ନେବାପାଇଁ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚକୁ ଆସିବାବେଳେ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାକୁ ଉଚ୍ଛସିତ ପ୍ରଶଂସାରେ ପୋତି ପକାଇଥିଲେ । ସେଇ ରାତି ଥିଲା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ମଞ୍ଚ ଅଭିନୟ । ମା’ଙ୍କର ତାହା ଶେଷ ଅଭିନୟ ଥିଲା । ମା’ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ସ୍ବର ଫେରି ପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ଆର୍ଥିକ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ଅବନତି ଘଟିଲା । କିଛି ଟଙ୍କା ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିଥିବାରୁ ସେ ଜୀବନ ଧାରଣ କରିନେଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ସରିଗଲା । ତା’ ପରେ ସେ ଗହଣା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବନ୍ଧକ ରଖିଲେ । ଆଶା କରିଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ସ୍ଵର ଫେରିଆସିବ ।

Glossary :
Owing to: because of
vocal condition : କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅବସ୍ଥା
Aldershot : a town in south central England
grubby: dirty (ଅପରିଷ୍କାର)
mean: small
Catering : satisfying
rowdy: noisy causing trouble
excuse: plea
deride: treat with scorn
ridicule: make fun of, laugh at (ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିବା)
terror: ଭୟ
falsetto: a false voice (କୃତ୍ରିମ ସ୍ୱର)
valueless: meaningless (ÅDIA)
quite : totally (ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ )
walk off: left (ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା|ଛାଡ଼ି
upset: disappointed
letting : allowing (ଅନୁମତି ଦେବା)
turmoil : noise (କୋଳାହଳ)
glare : ତୀବ୍ର ଆଲୋକ
half way through : ଅଧା ଗୀତ ଗାଉଥ‌ିବା ସମୟରେ
a shower of money : ଟଙ୍କା ବୃଷ୍ଟି
poured: ଗଦା ହେଲା
pick up: collect (ଗୋଟାଇ ନେବା)
gather : ଏକାଠି କରିବା
Conveyed: ଜଣେଇ ଦିଆଗଲା
at home : comfortable (ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛନ୍ଦ)
chorus: ମିଳିତ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ
impact: ପ୍ରଭାବ
evoked: generated (ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ କଲା)
tremendous : ବହୁତ
applause: କରତାଳି
fate: ଭାଗ୍ୟ
destiny : fate (ଭାଗ୍ୟ)
heed: notice (ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା )
pity: ଦୟା
justice: ନ୍ୟାୟ
dealt with: behaved ଦେଖାଇଲେ )
regained: ଫେରି ପାଇଲେ
vanished: ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହୋଇଗଲା
pawned: mortgaged (ବନ୍ଧା ପକାଇଲେ)

Think it out

Question 1.
How and why did Charlie first go to the theatre?
Answer:
Mother usually went to the theatre at night. Therefore, she did not want Charlie to stay alone in rented rooms. Besides, her vocal condition was not in a good shape. These factors made Charlie first go to the theatre at the age of five.

Question 2.
Why did his mother walk off the stage?
Answer:
The writer remembers standing on the side of the stage when mother’s voice crecked and relapsed into a state of slow sound. To his utter confusion, she; evoked a ridiculous response from the audience. They started laughing, singing and whistling loudly. As a result, his mother walked off the stage.

Question 3.
How did Charlie make his debut on the stage?
Answer:
Her cracking voice and the audience’s contemptuous treatment to her made Charlie’s mother walk off the stage. Then she came into the wings and argued with the stage manager. But the stage manager, being influenced by the Charlie’s performance before his ‘mother’s friends begged her permission to let Charlie go on to the stage. Then amidst of loud uproar led Charlie by the hand. After appealing to the audience, she left Charlie on the stage alone. Then Charlie rose to the occasion.

Question 4.
How did the audience respond to his frist performance on the stage?
Answer:
At first Charlie sang a popular song called Jack Jones. It enthralled the audience. Money flowed to the stage. Chaplin’s announcement to gather the money first and then sing drew laughter from the audience. The stage manager gave the money to Chaplin’s mother; then Chaplin interacted with the audience, danced and imitated many songs including his mother’s Irish march. His perfect imitation of mother’s cracking voice profoundly impressed the audience. His first appearance on the stage evoked their laughter, lusty cheers and at last more money-throwing.

Question 5.
How did his mother make her living when her career on the stage ended?
Answer:
When her career on the stage ended, his mother made her living by spending a little money she had saved and mortgaging her jewellery and other small belongings.

Unit – III

Gist:
Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of suffering when she gave up stage performance. All their belongings went down. Charlie’s mother turned to religion with a hope that she would get back her voice again. Her regular visit to Christ Church in the Westminister Bridge Road was a case in point. Every Sunday, Chaplin was an avid listener to Bach’s organic music. He, with painful impatience, lent his ears to Reverend EB. Meyer’s enthusiastic and dramatic voice that reverbrated the long central part of the church. His scintillating oration moved mother to tears.

Charlie remembers the Holy Communion on the hot summer’s day. The gathering in the church was treated to cool tasty grape-juice in silvery cups. Mother gently restrained him drink it excessively. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible filled him with great relief. As a result, there would be no sermons but prayers and the final religious songs. Mother’s theatrical world became a thing of the past. They lived in a state of oppressive misery. Mother’s suffering knew no bounds.

She fell a victim to the social condition of the Victorian age where fabulous wealth and abject poverty were rolled into society and where poorclass women could not but do small works. Small, gracious, sensitive as she was, mother endured the hardships without any protest. Her employment as a nurse was of short duration. She made theatrical costumes. She was able to earn a little for her skilful needle-work and dress making for the members of the church.. In spite of her struggle, their life of hardship did not change.

ସାରମର୍ମ :
ଯେତେବେଳେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଅଭିନୟ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଓ ସେ ବହୁ କଷ୍ଟ ଭୋଗ କରିଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠକୁ ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଫେରି ପାଇବା ଆଶାରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଧର୍ମକୁ ଆଦରି ନେଲେ । ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସେ ଗୀର୍ଜାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସମ୍ମାନନୀୟ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ୍ତ ସ୍ବରରେ ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଲମ୍ବା ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେଉଥିଲା

ବେଳେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭାଷଣ ମା’ଙ୍କ ଆସ୍‌ରେ ଲୁହ ଭରି ଦେଇଥିଲା । ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମଦିନର ଏକ ପବିତ୍ର ସମାବେଶକୁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି ।ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଥଣ୍ଡା ରୁପା କପ୍‌ରେ ସୁସ୍ଵାଦୁ ଅଙ୍ଗୁର ରସ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକ ବାଇବେଲ ବନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ ତାହା ଧର୍ମଶିକ୍ଷାର ଅନ୍ତକୁ ସୂଚାଇ ଦେଉଥିଲା । ଦିନ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଥ୍ଟର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଦୁନିଆ ଅତୀତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାର ଅଭାବ ନୂଆ କାମ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ଥିଲା ।

ଅକୁହା କଷ୍ଟ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ସେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖୁଥିଲେ । ଭିକ୍ଟେରିୟାନ ଯୁଗର ଦାରିଦ୍ର୍ୟ ପ୍ରପୀଡ଼ିତା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛୋଟ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡୁଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେ ଧାଈର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଥିଲା । ଏଇସବୁ ଦୟନୀୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ହତୋତ୍ସାହ ହୋଇଯାଇ ନଥିଲେ । ସେ ଛୁଞ୍ଚ୍ କାମରେ ନିପୁଣା ଥିଲେ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସେ ପୋଷାକ ତିଆରି କରୁଥିଲେ । ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେଲା ନାହିଁ ।

Glossary:
dwindling: going down
drabber: more miserable
turned to: looked to
shuffling: walking slowly and noisily without lifting one’s feet (ଘୋଷାରି ଚାଲିବା)
orations: speeches (ବକ୍ତୃତା)
appealing: touching the feelings (ଭାବନା ଉଦ୍ରେକକାରୀ )
occasionally : at times (ବେଳେବେଳେ)
delicious: ସ୍ୱାଦିଷ୍ଟ
congragation : gathering (ସମ୍ମଳନ)
relieved: ଆଶ୍ଵସ୍ତ ହେଲେ
sermon: a speech made by a priest (ପୂଜକଙ୍କ ଧର୍ମବାଣୀ)
hymn: religious song (ଧର୍ମସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ)
wretched: in a miserable state
interim: gap (ବ୍ୟବଧାନ)
travail: painful work
cheerless: dull
fervent: enthusiastic (ଉତ୍ସାହଜନକ)
echoing: ଇକୋ
nave: long central part of the church (ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚର ଦୀର୍ଘ)
twilight: ଗୋଧୂଳି ସମୟ
untutored: did not learn (ଶିଖ୍ ନ)
handicapped: (here) faced problem (ବାଧା ପାଇଲା)
Dainty: small and attractive in a delicate way
sensitive: likely to be upset easily (ସଚେତନ)
odds: obstacles (ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ)
Victorian era: ଭିକ୍ଟୋରିଆନ୍ ଯୁଗ
menial work : work considered of low status (ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦାହୀନ କାମ)
drudges: menial work like the job of an attendant
nevertheless: but still
resourceful: good at finding with effective ways to deal problems
costumes: ପୋଷାକ
But…..us: Chaplin says that mother’s income was not sufficient for their existence.

Think it out

Question 1.
Why did Charlie’s mother turn to religion?
Answer:
Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of suffering when she gave up stage performance. All their belongings went down. Charlie’s mother turned to religion with a hope that she would get back her voice again.

Question 2.
How does Charlie remember the Holy Communion on one hot summer’s day?
Answer:
Charlie’s mind goes back to the Holy Communion on one hot summer’s day. The gathering was treated to tasty grape-juice contained in the cool silver cup. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible marked the end of preaching religious teaching and the beginning of prayers and the final religious song.

Question 3.
Give an account of his mother’s suffering.
Answer:
With the disappearance of her theatrical world, mother along with Charlie lived amidst miserable conditions. Her lack of experience in any other field was an obstacle to find a job. Small, graceful and sensitive as she was, his mother struggled against unbelievably hostile conditions in a Victorian age when poor-class women were bound to resort to do low work. At times, mother joined the nursing work. She earned a little by making dresses for the members of the church. But it was not enough for their existence.

CHSE Odisha Class 12 English My Mother Important Questions and Answers

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

Question 1.
Chaplin’s father was ____________.
(A) thoughtful
(B) silent
(C) a brilliant artist
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) a brilliant artist

Question 2.
He was endowed with a __________ voice.
(A)soft
(B) harsh
(C) magical
(D) grave and deep
Answer:
(D) grave and deep

Question 3.
The vaudevillians during Chaplin’s time were –
(A) refined
(B) exceptionally brilliant artists
(C) quite sensitive
(D) addicted to drinking
Answer:
(D) addicted to drinking

Question 4.
A majority of stars were paid _____________ because they spent their money lavishly at the theatre bar.
(A) miserably
(B) weekly
(C) handsomely
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) handsomely

Question 5.
Chaplin’s father died because of his –
(A) alcoholic habit
(B) addiction to drinking
(C) utter carelessness
(D) isolation from his family
Answer:
(A) alcoholic habit

Question 6.
When drinking, Chaplin’s father was in a ________mood.
(A) defensive
(B) frustrating
(C) violent
(D) sober
Answer:
(C) violent

Question 7.
Chaplin’s parents __________ in his infancy.
(A) divorced
(B) were fine
(C) were typical
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) divorced

Question 8.
His mother was a ___________singer.
(A) non-descript
(B) moderate
(C) celebrated
(D) gifted
Answer:
(C) celebrated

Question 9.
The word ‘laryngitis’ means –
(A) weak
(B) inflammation of the larynx
(C) incurably weak
(D) long breaths
Answer:
(B) inflammation of the larynx

Question 10.
The cracking voice of Chaplin’s mother was met with ____________ responses from the audience.
(A) ridiculous
(B) sorrowful
(C) delirious
(D) gloomy
Answer:
(A) ridiculous

Question 11.
Chaplin made his ___________appearance on the stage, when he was five.
(A) brilliant
(B) first and last
(C) maiden
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) maiden

Question 12.
The cracking voice of Chaplin’s mother met with the audeience’s _______.
(A) shock
(B) wrath
(C) derision
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) derision

Question 13.
Mother led Chaplin to the stage amidst great _________.
(A) noise
(B) excitement
(C) pleasure
(D) uncertainty
Answer:
(A) noise

Question 14.
Jack Jones was a great ___________.
(A) comedy
(B) lyric
(C) elegy
(D) song
Answer:
(D) song

Question 15.
Chaplin’s first appearance on the stage was quite _________.
(A) encouraging
(B) hopeless
(C) contemptuous
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) encouraging

Question 16.
Presence of Chaplin’s mother on the stage was __________.
(A) painful
(B) sorrowful
(C) electrifying
(D) all of these
Answer:
(C) electrifying

Question 17.
At last, fate ________on her.
(A) sailed
(B) showered
(C) frowned
(D) both (A) and (B)
Answer:
(C) frowned

Question 18.
In her moment of crisis, Chaplin’s mother resorted to –
(A) saying prayers
(B) religion
(C) the priest’s help
(D)none of these
Answer:
(B) religion

Question 19.
The sight of mother’s tear _________ Chaplin a little.
(A) shocked
(B) saddened
(C) vexed
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) vexed

Question 20.
After going to church, mother’s relationship with her friends almost –
(A) snapped
(B) completely abated
(C) turned strange
(D) soured
Answer:
(A) snapped

Question 21.
The word ’travail’ means ___________.
(A) wandering
(B) tiredness
(C) tordy
(D) painful work
Answer:
(D) painful work

Question 22.
The Victorian age is marked by ___________and poverty.
(A) comfort
(B) sloth
(C) affluence
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) affluence

Question 23.
Chaplin’s mother was short, __________and sensitive.
(A) fat
(B) weak
(C) pretty
(D) dainty
Answer:
(D) dainty

Question 24.
During Chaplin’s time, job such as, nursing was quite ______.
(A) popular
(B) infrequent
(C) prestigeous
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) infrequent

Question 25.
Despite all odds, Chaplin’s mother was _________.
(A) fine
(B) tolerant
(C) happy
(D) all of these
Answer:
(B) tolerant

Introducing the Author :
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (1889-1977) is one of the greatest comedians of the silent movies. It is an record that Chaplin made his first stage appearance when he was five as a replacement for his mother. Till twenty he could hardly find an anchor and drifted until he came to the United States, after having made a name as a child actor. The rapidly growing film industry and the daring experiments of producers opened new vistas for Chaplin. He was soon recognised as ‘an original and indisputable laughgetter’, his fantastic apparel becoming a symbol of great comedy. Almost every picture in which he featured became famous. Among these are ‘The Floor Walker’, ‘The Count’, ‘The Immigrant’, ‘Easy Street’, ‘The Gold Rush’, ‘City Lights’, ‘Monsieur Verdoux’ and then ‘Lime Light’, his great hit. Bernard Shaw called Chaplin ‘the only genius developed by the motion pictures’, Chaplin produced ‘Lime Light’ at the age of sixty three, when it looked as if he had retired. But the film was hailed as ‘a kind of cinematic poem about humanity’, and Chaplin as one of the supreme geniuses of the film world and comedy.

About the Story :
‘‘My Mother”, an extract from Chaplin’s ‘My Autobiography’ deals with the nature of his father and mother. This article also presents Charlie’s first appearance on the stage and the sufferings he and his mother had experienced when the latter relinquished the stage. A superb touch of clarity characterised ‘‘My Mother”.

ବିଷୟ ସୂଚନା :
ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ‘My Autobiography’ରୁ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତ ହୋଇଥିବା “My Mother” ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରିଛି । ଏହି ବିଷୟଟି ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅବିର୍ଭାବ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ମଞ୍ଚ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା ପରେ ସେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥ‌ିବା ଦୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶା ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛି । ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ହେଉଛି “My Mother” ଗଳ୍ପଟିର ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ |

Summary :
Walking down the memory lane, Chaplin reminisces his father, who was an entertainer, a silent, a thoughtful man with dark eyes. He learnt from his mother that his father, looking like Napoleon, was endowed with a deep voice. He was a beautiful artist. Even in those days when jobs were scarce, he earned the substantial income of forty pounds a week. Mother also said that his father’s addiction to drinking was the; cause of their divorce. Chaplin throws light on the entertainers of the time. They were die-hard drunkards, because all theatres dealt in alcohol. Handsome salaries made a number of stars spend a lot at the theatre bar. As a result, many artists including Chaplin’s father invited ruin.

His father fell a prey to excessive alcohol at the age of thirty-seven. In a state of drunkenness, he showed a devastating temper. Chaplin’s mother’s attitude towards his father lacked objectivity. At times, it was a blend of sympathy and sadness. Chaplin states that his mother did not demand any means of living, despite his parents’ divorce. A star as she was, she did not face any problem in maintaining herself and her children. Only in times of crisis, she sought relief. She never resorted to legal steps. Chaplin refers to his mother’s voice growing worse. Just a little cold caused a prolonged inflammation of her larynx, but circumstances compelled her to go on singing. Her voice cracked and suddenly became inaudible in the middle of singing. She met with the scorn and laughter of the audience. It led to the deterioration of her health. She grew nervous.

As a result his mother’s theatrical engagements fell off and eventually came to a close. The writer states that his mother’s pathetic vocal condition paved the way for his debut on the stage, when he was five. She was entertaining mostly Soldiers at Aldershot. They were indecent. They did not mind making the performers objects of scorn and laughter. The writer remembers standing on the side of the stage when mother’s voice cracked and relapsed into a state of slow sound.

To his utter confusion, she evoked a ridiculous response from the audience. They started laughing, singing and whistling loudly. As a result, his mother left the stage. Instead of being cowed down by their sarcasm, the stage manager left him on the stage alone. Chaplin splendidly rose to the occasion. He sang a popular song called Jack Jones. The audience responded to his first performance on the stage in a manner that was incredible. Money flodded the stage. Chaplin’s announcement to gather the money first and then sing drew laughter from the audience.

The stage manager gave the money to Chaplin’s mother; the latter interacted with the audience, danced and imitated many songs including his mother’s Irish march one. His perfect imitation of mother’s cracking voice, vastly impressed the audience. Chaplin found himself in the midst of their cheerful response. They threw money to the stage. The spectacle of mother’s presence on the stage was electrifying. She drew lavish praise from the audience. That night marked his debut on the stage and mother’s last performance. , Fate, Chaplin states, governs human destiny. It knows no pity, no justice.

His mother fell a victim to cruel fate. She never got back her voice again. His mother made her living out of a little money, that she had saved and mortgaging the jewellery and other small possessions she had mortgaged. Everything was exhausted soon. She always hoped that she would regain her voice. But it was a futile hope. Chaplin and his mother had to undergo a lot of hardships when she gave up stage performance. She looked to religion, hoping that it would bring back her voice again. She became a frequent visitor to the church. The Reverend’s lively and dramatic voice reverberated the long central part of the church. At times his speeches moved her to tears.

The writer’s mind goes back to the holy gathering on one hot summer’s day. Each of them was treated to tasty grape-juice contained in the cool silver cup. The Reverend’s act of closing the Bible marked the end of preaching religious teaching and the beginning of prayers and the final religious song. Days rolled by. Mother’s theatrical world became a thing of the past. Her lack of experience in other field was an obstacle to find a new job. Small, graceful and sensitive woman as she was, Chaplin’s mother kept on struggling against untold hardships. She lived in a Victorian age, where poverty-stricken women resorted to low jobs. At times, she played the role of a nurse, but such employment was not always available. Besides, the work of nursing lasted for a short time. In spite of these adverse conditions, mother was capable of finding alternative sources for existence. She excelled in the art of needle-work. Dress-making for the members of the church was a case in point. But it was not enough for their livelihood.

ସାରାଂଶ :

ସ୍ମୃତିଚାରଣ କରି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କ କଥା ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଥିଲେ ଜଣେ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀ, ନୀରବ ଏବଂ ଚିନ୍ତାଶୀଳ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଜାଣିଥିଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ନେପୋଲିୟନ୍ ଭଳି ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲେ ଓ ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଥିଲା ଗମ୍ଭୀର । ସେ ଜଣେ ସୁନ୍ଦର କଳାକାର ଥିଲେ । ସେଇ ସମୟର ଚାକିରିର ଘୋର ଅଭାବ ଥିଲା, ତଥାପି ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ସପ୍ତାହରେ ଚାଳିଶ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଅର୍ଜନ କରୁଥିଲେ ।‘ତାଙ୍କ ବାପା ଥିଲେ ମଦ୍ୟପ ଏବଂ ତାହା ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦର କାରଣ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।

ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ତତ୍କାଳୀନ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆଲୋକପାତ କରିଛନ୍ତି । ସେମାନେ ମଦ୍ୟପ ଥିଲେ କାରଣ ସବୁ ଥୁଟରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଦ ବ୍ୟବସାୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ମୋଟା ଦରମା ପାଉଥିବା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଅନେକ ତାରକା ଥୁଟର ମଦଶାଳାରେ ବହୁତ ସମୟ କଟାଉଥିଲେ । ଫଳରେ ଚାପୁଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ବାପା କିଭଳି ଅନେକ କଳାକାର ଧ୍ଵଂସକୁ ଡାକି ଆଣିଥିଲେ । ସଇଁତିରିଶ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସରେ ତାଙ୍କର ବାପା ଅତ୍ୟଧ୍ଵ ମଦ୍ୟପାନର ଶିକାର ହୋଇ ମୃତ୍ୟୁବରଣ କରିଥିଲେ । ମଦ୍ୟପାନ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ସେ ଭୟଙ୍କର କୋପ ଦେଖାଉଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ମା’ଙ୍କର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିଭଙ୍ଗୀରେ ବିରୋଧଭାବ ନ ଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ଏହା ଥିଲା ଦୁଃଖ ଓ ସହାନୁଭୂତିର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଥିଲା ।

ବିବାହ ବିଚ୍ଛେଦ ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ତାଙ୍କ ବାପାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ଦାବି କରି ନ ଥିଲେ ବୋଲି ଚାପଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି । ଜଣେ ତାରକା ହିସାବରେ ନିଜ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଚଳାଇବାରେ ସେ କୌଣସି ଅସୁବିଧାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇ ନ ଥିଲେ । କେବଳ ଘଡ଼ିସନ୍ଧି ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତରେ ସେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ ଚାହୁଁଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଖରାପ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିବା କଥା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି । ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଥଣ୍ଡା ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠକୁ ବହୁଦିନ ଧରି ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ କରୁଥିଲା; କିନ୍ତୁ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିର ତାଡ଼ନାରେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥିଲା । ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲାବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗି ପଡୁଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବା ମଝିରେ ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲା । ଯାହାଫଳରେ ସେ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କର ଅଟ୍ଟହାସ୍ୟର ଶିକାର ହେଉଥିଲେ । ଫଳରେ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍ଵାସ୍ଥ୍ୟର ଅବନତି ଘଟିଲା । ସେ ଭୀତତ୍ରସ୍ତା ହୋଇଗଲେ । ଫଳସ୍ବରୂପ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥୁଟରରେ କାମ ମିଳିବା କମିଯିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ୱରର ଅବସ୍ଥା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଥମ ଥର ପାଇଁ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କରିଥିଲା ।

ସେତେବେଳକୁ ତାଙ୍କ ବୟସ ଥିଲା ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ । ସେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ଆଲଡର୍‌ସଟ୍‌ରେ ଥିବା ସୈନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନ କରାଉଥିଲେ । ଏଇ ସୈନିକମାନେ ଅଭଦ୍ର ଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ମନୋରଞ୍ଜନକାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅପମାନ ଏବଂ ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିବାକୁ ଭୁଲୁ ନଥିଲେ । ଏକଦା ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ମଞ୍ଚର ଏକ କୋଣରେ ଛିଡ଼ା ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଭାଙ୍ଗିପଡ଼ିଲା ଓ ସ୍ଵର ଅସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା। ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଥଟ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ହସିବା, ଗୀତ ଗାଇବା ଏବଂ ସିଟି ବଜାଇବାରେ ଲାଗିପଡ଼ିଲେ । ତା’ପରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଯାଇଥିଲେ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିଦ୍ରୁପ ସାମ୍‌ନାରେ ମୁଣ୍ଡ ନ ଝୁଙ୍କାଇ ପରିଚାଳକ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କୁ ଏକୁଟିଆ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେଲେ । ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କିଛି କମ୍ ନ ଥିଲେ । ସେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ଗୀତ Jack Jones ଗାଇଥିଲେ ।

ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅଭିନୟକୁ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ଅବିଶ୍ବସନୀୟ ଭାବେ ପସନ୍ଦ କଲେ । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ । ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟଙ୍କା ଗୋଟାଇବେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇବେ ବୋଲି ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଘୋଷଣା କଲେ । ଏଥିରେ ଶ୍ରୋତୃମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ଖୁସି ହୋଇଗଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ପରିଚାଳକ ସବୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଚାପ୍ଲିନ୍ ମା’ଙ୍କୁ ଦେଇଦେଲେ । ଏହାପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନଙ୍କ ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟାଳାପ କଲେ, ନାଚିଲେ ଏବଂ ଅନେକ ଗୀତ ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇଲେ । ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର Irish march ଗୀତକୁ ତାଙ୍କର ଭଗ୍ନ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଅନୁକରଣ କରି ଗାଇବା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରିଥିଲା । ସେମାନେ ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରକୁ ଟଙ୍କା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ । ମଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଉପସ୍ଥିତିର ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଚମତ୍କାର ଥିଲା । ଶ୍ରୋତାମାନେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭୂୟସୀ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କଲେ । ସେଇ ରାତି ପରଦା ଉପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍‌ଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଥମ ଏବଂ ମା’ଙ୍କର ଶେଷ ଉପସ୍ଥିତିର ସାକ୍ଷୀ ଥିଲା ।

ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ଭାଗ୍ୟ ମଣିଷର ଗତିପଥ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ କରେ । ଏହା ପାଖରେ ଦୟା ବା ନ୍ୟାୟର ସ୍ଥାନ ନ ଥାଏ । ତାଙ୍କର ମା’ ନିଷ୍ଠୁର ଭାଗ୍ୟର ଶିକାର ହୋଇଗଲେ । ସେ ତାଙ୍କର ସ୍ଵର ଆଉ ଫେରିପାଇଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିଥିବା ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛ ଟଙ୍କା, ଗହଣା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ାକର ବନ୍ଧକ ରଖି ଜୀବିକା ନିର୍ବାହ କଲେ । ସବୁକିଛି ଅଳ୍ପଦିନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସରିଗଲା । ସେ ସବୁବେଳେ ଆଶା କରୁଥିଲେ ତାଙ୍କର କଣ୍ଠସ୍ଵର ଫେରିଆସିବ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଥିଲା ଦୀ ଆଶା । ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ମଞ୍ଚ ଛାଡ଼ିଲା ପରେ ଚାପ୍‌ଲିନ୍ ଏବଂ ସେ ବହୁତ ଅସୁବିଧାର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ କଣ୍ଠସ୍ବର ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ଫେରି ପାଇବା ଆଶାରେ ସେ ଧର୍ମର ଆଶ୍ରୟ ନେଇଥିଲେ । ସେ ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ଗୀର୍ଜାକୁ ଯାଉଥିଲେ । ସମ୍ମାନନୀୟ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକଙ୍କର ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଏବଂ ନାଟକୀୟ ସ୍ବରରେ ଗୀର୍ଜାର ଲମ୍ବା ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ଵନିତ ହେଉଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କର ଭାଷଣ ମା’ଙ୍କ ଆସ୍‌ରେ ଲୁହ ଭରି ଦେଉଥିଲା । ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମଦିନର ଏକ ପବିତ୍ର ସମାବେଶକୁ ଲେଖକ ମନେ ପକାଇଛନ୍ତି । ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଥଣ୍ଡା ରୁପ କମ୍‌ରେ ସୁସ୍ୱାଦୁ ଫାଙ୍ଗୁର ରସ ପିଇବାକୁ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା । ଯେତେବେଳେ ଧର୍ମଯାଜକ ବାଇବେଲ ବନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ, ତାହା ଧର୍ମଶିକ୍ଷା ସମାପ୍ତି ଓ ଧର୍ମ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେବାର ସୂଚନା ଦେଉଥିଲା ।

ଦିନ ଗଡ଼ି ଚାଲିଲା । ମା’ଙ୍କର ଥାଏଟର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଦୁନିଆ ଅତୀତ ହୋଇଗଲା । ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞତାର ଅଭାବ ନୂଆ କାମ ମିଳିବାପାଇଁ ଏକ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ଥିଲା । ଅବ୍ୟକ୍ତ ବେଦନା ସତ୍ତ୍ଵେ ତାଙ୍କ ମା’ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଜାରି ରଖିଲେ । ଭିକ୍ଟୋରିଆ ଯୁଗର ଦାରିଦ୍ର୍ୟ ପ୍ରପୀଡ଼ିତା ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଛୋଟ କାମ କରିବାକୁ ପଡୁଥିଲା । ବେଳେବେଳେ ସେ ଧାଈର ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଥିଲା । ଏଇସବୁ ଦୟନୀୟ ଅବସ୍ଥା ସତ୍ତ୍ବେ ମା’ ହତୋତ୍ସାହ ହୋଇ ଯାଇନଥିଲେ । ସେ ଛୁଞ୍ଚ୍ କାମରେ ନିପୁଣା ଥିଲେ । ଗୀର୍ଜାର ସଦସ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସେ ପୋଷାକ ତିଆରି କରୁଥିଲେ । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଭରଣପୋଷଣ ପାଇଁ ଏହା ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ନଥିଲା ।

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Reporting Events and Business Matters Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Writing Reporting Events and Business Matters

8.1 Reporting Events

Generally, we come across events in daily newspapers. Reporting events requires a special skill in presenting the event accurately, concisely, and authentically. Various types of events take different forms of expression.

Now read the following news report from a staff reporter of a newspaper.

Answer these questions on the news item :

Question 1.
Who has been sentenced?
Answer:
A doctor belonging to Ranchi has been sentenced.

Question 2.
How long is the sentence?
Answer:
The sentence is for five years’ rigorous imprisonment.

Question 3.
Why has he been sentenced?
Answer:
He has been sentenced because he was caught in the act of removing a kidney of one Nasir Ali when he was unconscious.

Question 4.
When was the case detected?
Answer:
The case was detected by the police on May 8, 2008.

Question 5.
What was the doctor doing?
Answer:
The doctor was trying to remove the kidney of the unconscious Nasir Ali.

Activity – 1

A report about smuggling of fake currency notes appeared in The Times of India on 2 March 2009. The bare facts are given below. Write the report, using these facts.
Three Pakistani nationals have been arrested.
They were arrested on Monday.
Place of arrest, Amritsar.
They were attempting to smuggle fake currency notes.
The value of the currency notes was Rs. 20 lakh.
They were travelling by the Samjhauta Express.
The customs officials seized the fake currency notes.
This was the fifth major seizure.

Answer:
Fake Currency Notes Siezed The Times of India News Service:
Amritsar March 2 : Custom officials seized currency notes worth Rs. 20 lakhs from three Pakistani nationals who were travelling by Samjhauta Express. They were arrested on Monday at Amritsar. This was the custom officials fifth major seizure.

Activity – 2

A newspaper reporter sent a report of an incident on March 12, 2009 over telephone. A sub-editor in the newspaper office, who received the telephone message, took the following notes. Use them to write up a report for the newspaper.
Five pick-pockets caught red-handed
In north Calcutta
Wednesday
Robbing passengers on a private bus
45 wallets and jewellery recovered
police arrested them.

Answer:
Pick-pockets caught Red-handed
Calcutta March 12 : Police caught five pick-pockets in north Calcutta this Wednesday while they were trying to flee after having robbed passengers on a private bus. 45 wallets and jewellery were recovered from them. Police arrested them.

Activity – 3

There was a train accident in the area where you work as a news reporter. You went to the spot and talked to different people including some of the passengers. You also met the railway officials. The following are the points you noted down.
Train accident at Retang at 7.30 p.m. on 11 April.
Three bogies of the East Coast Express derailed.
7 bodies recovered so far
25 injured sent to hospital in Cuttack; 5 serious cases.
Rescue operations still on.
More bodies suspected trapped inside wreakage.

Answer:
Train Derailed : Many Feared Dead, 25 Injured.
Retang, April 1 1 : Three bogies of the East Coast Express derailed here at 7 30 p.m. this morning. 7 bodies have been recovered so far but many are feared to be still trapped under the wreckage. The injured have been sent to the SC B Hospital Cuttack Oi 25 injured, five are in an extremely serious condition. Rescue operations are still on.

Activity – 4

Below you can see a picture of an incident that happened in front of Badanibadi Bus Stand, Cuttack. Report the incident, using the hints given below the picture.

Hints :
Badanibadi, Cuttack  12 December, 2008.  Morning 9
bulls ready to fight traffic held up
Answer:
Bulls Hold up Traffic
Cuttack 12 : Traffic was held up for almost an hour from 9.00 am this morning at Badanibadi as two bulls were poised to fight in the middle of the road. The bull had locked horns while bystanders cheered them.

Activity – 5

Very often, as a students ’ representative, you may have to read out a report in a function, ceremony, meeting etc. At that time, you don’t have to make the mention of the place, date, etc. as is done in writing a news report. It is normally written like an essay.

A. The Minister of Education was the Chief Guest in the Annual Day Celebration of your college. Write a news report to be sent to a newspaper.
Answer:

To,
The Chief Editor,
The Times of Odisha, Bhubaneswar

Report on Annual Day Celebration

Cuttack: 12 March
The Annual Day celebration of A.K.B. College, Govindpur came off smoothly. The Hon’ble Education Minister Sri N. K. Patra was the Chief Guest. The celebration started with the national anthem and devotional song. The local Collector and Dist. Magistrate presided over the meeting. After a short speech made by the Hon’ble Chief Guest on the all-round development of the college, gave away the prizes for curricular and extracurricular activities of the students. The celebration was a grand success.

B. During the Annual Day celebration, you were asked to present a report on the students’ activities during the year. Draft your report.
Answer:

A Report on Students’ Activities

The A.K.B. College, Govindpur has already been recognized as a unique educational institution imparting teaching on all branches/streams in the State. Elections to the students’ union, the dramatic society, the day-scholars’ Association, the +2 Cultural Association, etc. were held without any untoward incident. The performance of the students in curricular activities was excellent. Most of the students were awarded gold medals for their outstanding results in different streams. The mention of the co-operation and mutual understanding among the students in the college and outside would not be out of place here,

8.2 Business Reports

Business reports are mainly based on market condition, market surveys or market- analyses. We usually take into account the background information, method of investigation, findings, and recommendations while preparing business reports. Besides, we follow direct and factual language based on the market-surveys and market analyses. There is no scope of rendering personal feelings or attributing subjective interpretations.

Activity – 6

Here is a report about the introduction of a new mosquito-repellant. Read the report, paying attention to various parts.

Quality Marketing Agency
27 Janpath, Bhubaneswar

4 March, 2013

To
Mr. M. Pradhan
Managing Director
Home Products India Ltd.
Industrial Estate
Mancheswar, Bhubaneswar.
Dear Mr. Pradhan,
As requested by you, vide your letter No. MD/NS/2233 dated 2.2.2013, we have carried out a market survey to test the public acceptance of the mosquito repellant which your company plans to manufacture. We conducted an opinion poll covering 1000 families in the coastal districts of Odisha. Forty percent of these families use mosquito repellants, but most of them are unhappy with the existing products in the market. They find the electronic repellants too expensive while the coil-based ones emit too much smoke.

The preference is for a less expensive product, preferably one that produces no smoke. Our study suggests there may be a good market for a new repellant, provided these requirements are kept in mind. We recommend that your company should concentrate on manufacturing an improved kind of smoke-free mosquito coil, preferably one that produces a pleasant fragrance.
Yours sincerely,
S.K. Patnaik
Director of Research
Quality Marketing Agency

You must have observed that the report has been written in the format of a business letter. However, it could be written in a different format as given below.

Date : 4 March 20
To : Mr M Pradhan, Managing Director, Home Products India Ltd. Industrial Estate, Mancheswar, Bhubaneswar
From : S.K. Patnaik, Director of Research, Quality Marketing Agency 27 Janpath, Bhubaneswar
Subject : Survey report on the Introduction of a new mosquito repellant.

A Report On The Introduction Of A New Mosquito Repellant

A market survey to test the public’s acceptance of a new mosquito repellant was conducted in the coastal districts of Odisha on 20 February, 20 by Quality Marketing
Agency, Bhubaneswar.
An Opinion poll covering 100 families ……………………. etc.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
An improved kind of smoke-free mosquito coil, preferably one that produces a pleasant fragrance is likely to be widely accepted by the public.
Sd/-
(Director of Research)

Activity – 7

Imagine that you are the President of the Literary Society of your College. Your Society plans to publish a journal. You have asked the Secretary of the Society to contact all the printing firms in town and to select one of them to print your journal.
Answer:

Literary Society, Kulailey College, Kailey

5 February 2012

To,
Prof. B. Pujari
President, Literary Society
Sir,
As desired by you a team consisting of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the society contacted all five printing firms in town and obtained quotations from them for printing of the proposed journal. All the firms quoted the same price, that is Rs. 5000/- for 1000 copies. Rasmita Printers, however, offered a discount of ten per cent, provided we allowed them an extra period of fifteen days for printing. Since we do not need the copies of the journal till a month later, we could consider the offer of Rasmita Printers as it will cost us Rs. 500/- less than the offers quoted by other printing firms.
Yours faithfully,
S. Pujari
Secretary

Activity – 8

A customer approached a bank for a house building loan. Before sanctioning the loan, the Branch Manager asked the Field Officer to examine the application and suggest whether the loan should be sanctioned.

The following is the report that the Field Officer wrote. Some parts of the report are missing. Re-write the missing parts, using the hints supplied. (See the letter at textbook page 75)
Answer:

SBI PD BRANCH
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar

3 March, 2012

To,
Prof. M. Mishra
Branch Manager
SBI PD Branch
CRP Square
Bhubaneswar
Sir,

1. As desired by you in your letter No. 254 dt. 24 February 2010, I examined the application of Mr. J.K. Panda for a house-building loan. I also personally inspected the site, interviewed Mr Panda and examined the documents relating to the plot.
2. My examination of the application and the relevant documents reveal that the site is an undisputed one. Till date all land cess has been paid and the plot is litigation free. Mr J.K. Panda is the owner of the plot and he has clear papers certifying its ownership. The plot is 112 decimals in size and its market value is around Rs. 8.00 lakhs. Mr Panda also has a regular income of Rs. 15,000 and has no outstanding loan to his account.
3. As Mr Panda is a deserving party, the sanction of the loan is recommended
Yours faithfully,
K.C. Panigrahy
Field Officer

Activity – 9

Imagine that you are the foreman in a factory. There has been a fire in the Factory and one of the workers has been badly burnt and is in hospital. Your General Manager has asked you to send him a report on the fire. Write a report.
Answer:

JAYASHREE CHEMICALS
Corporate Office, Metro Towers
Bhubaneswar – 751007

28.3. 2012

To,
Mr J.B. Sahu
General Manager
Jayashree Chemicals
Corporate Office, Bhubaneswar
Sir,
1. As desired by you vide your letter No. JC 289 dt. 20.3.2012, I conducted an enquiry into the fire that ravaged the factory at the Mancheswar Industrial Estate.
2. On inspection of the fire ravaged site and after interviewing the workers present during the incident, I discovered that the fire was caused by the Careless throwing of a lighted cigarette into the boiler room where it ignited a dry rope. The rope was lying in contact with a jar of petrol kept by an employee for his personal use. The jar of petrol caught fire immediately and broke into high flames that ravaged the electrical circuit. Fortunately, there was no one in the boiler room as it was lunch time except Mr Lingaraj Patra who was cleaning some machine part.
3. He has received 40 per cent bums in his body and has been admitted at the Kalinga hospital. He is presently out of danger and the personnel department has already sanctioned Rs. 50,000 for his treatment.
4. Damage to the boiler section of the factory was limited to the minimum by the quick action of our fire personnel. A few chairs and benches must be replaced and the Electrical circuit done up again.
This is for your kind information.
Yours faithfully
D.P. Dehury
Chief Security Officer
Jayashree Chemicals

Activity – 10

Your club wants to buy a CTV (Colour TV) set. You have been asked to contact various firms marketing such sets and make your recommendation on the brand to be bought. Make a comparative study of the price, quality and durability of different brands of CTV and make a report.
Answer:

YOUNG FOLKS CLUB
213 Kharvela Nagar
Bhubaneswar

21 April 2012

Mr P. Khuntia
The Secretary
Young Folks Club
213 Kharavela Nagar
Bhubaneswar
Dear Mr Khuntia,

As requested by you I contacted 10 dealers of colour television in the town and personally inspected several makes of colour televisions in their showrooms. LG, Samsung, Philips and Onida companies all offer 25” CTVs at competitive prices. Of course L.G. is the costliest at Rs. 58,000 but it employs the golden eye technology which is truly soothing to the eyes. Samsung and Onida brands are also good. The unique thing about the Samsung T V. is that it offers two games in its set but we cannot afford members fiddling with the game program of the T.V. while others want to watch programs.

Except for its woofer impacted quality the Videocon CTV’s picture quality is no match for those of other brands. The Onida brand is good. It commands a price tag of Rs. 50,000. However its after sales-service is doubtful as the dealer here does not guarantee qualified personnel from the company to give service. However with a price tag of Rs. 48,000/- and a 5 year warranty contract, quality picture and sound, the Philips flatron CTV is perhaps the best that our town has to offer.

The concerned dealer is offering a free Antennae along with booster as well as 10 VCD’s with the T.V. He has also agreed to transport the CTV and to install it in our conference Hall free of cost. It is therefore recommended that the Shanti Electronics, 105, Bapuji Nagar, Bhubaneswar be contacted and the Philips Flatron CTV be bought from them at the price as well as the terms and conditions offered by them.
Yours faithfully
Girish Mishra
Joint Secretary
Young Folks Club

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Extended Writing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Extended Writing

Introduction
Writing essays, letters, applications, stories, etc. requires as much skill as in writing a paragraph. It is an art, and when accomplished, develops the writer’s intellectual horizon, especially in literature. Under the circumstances, people are required to write letters or applications for certain purposes. In order to keep in touch with their relatives, friends, or kith and kin, people are required to write letters.

Some people are required to write applications to take leave or get any grant, etc. and some others under different situations prepare reports of the job they are assigned to do. There are still some people who write short stories, dramas, articles, etc. for the purpose of their publication in newspapers, weekly/fortnightly / monthly magazines. However different types of writings under different situations require different forms and norms.

When writing is meant for a reader or a group of readers, it then follows a set of principles or conventions which bind the form of writing within specified confines. Accordingly, the writer has to follow certain norms and regulations so as to produce his / her writing in an elegant and readable form. The theme of writing a composition is firstly expressed in the first instance. When a single sentence cannot express the whole thing we want to write, then we require a number of sentences to be written which are normally linked with one another.

In course of such writing with the combination of some related sentences, we are able to express our view(s) / idea(s) exactly to the point. Writing essays, so to say, is an extended form of writing different paragraphs at one place to express the idea or subject matter neatly. Traditionally speaking, essay is an extended form of writing some paragraphs on a given topic. But, on the other hand, essay today is not confined to the four comers of set topic as was prevalent in the past.

Essay is, no doubt, a written composition less elaborate than a treaty, or it may be an experimentation of one’s intellectual depth of the domain of thinking. It is a form of free writing or development on any topic expressed in an elegant literary language. In this respect, essay has become a highly subjective and personalized form of writing bereft of any ostensible purpose at the back. Hence, it is apt to observe that essay is free from any burden or pressure or any narrowness of feeling; rather it takes its birth in one’s fanciful imagination and leisure and the essayist is in a state of ecstasy unlike ordinary human beings.

Activity – 1

Can you now think of points for writing on “Your first day in college” ? Can you arrange these hints into points and develop them into a passage of 3 to 4 paragraphs ?

Answer:
My First Day At College
New atmosphere:
After passing the Secondary Examination, I got myself admitted to the Higher Secondary (i.e. Intermediate) class of a college in Kolkata. After admission when I attended college for the first time, I found myself in a new atmosphere. It seemed to be a different world from the one in which I had spent seven or eight years. The big building, the spacious staircase, the big classrooms, the wide corridors, the Principal’s room, the Professors’ room were in great contrast with those in my school. They left a deep impression on me.

The class arrangements:
The first interesting thing was the arrangement of classes. We had to attend school from 10.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. with no break except the recess for half an hour for tiffin and recreation. But on the first day I attended college at 1 p.m. My first class began at 1 p.m. It was a new experience to me. On the first day I had only three classes. Between two classes again there was an interval of one period.

Another difference from school life was the changing of classrooms. Instead of having all the classes in the same room, we* had to go to different rooms for different classes. A large number of students had to pass through the corridors to go from one room to another. Naturally, there was some noise. But it ceased when we took our seats in our respective classes. It was a novel experience for me.

Professors’ lectures:
We were about one hundred and fifty students in our class, so it was a very big class. It was the class of a Professor of English. He came and called our rolls. He welcomed us and gave an introductory lecture about our new life in college and how different it was from school life. He hoped that we should all follow his lecture attentively. I felt that it was not possible for him to take individual care of us as it was done in the school.

In this respect, it seemed to me that the teaching in school was better. The Professor gave his lecture in a general way. I took my seat on one of the front benches. I made it a point to listen to his lecture attentively, otherwise, I would be the loser and not him. There was no fear of punishment for neglecting lessons in the class. Hence some students sat on the back benches. They had no books. They did not seem to be attentive.

Activity – 2

You have already read “On the Road to Jaipur”, “A Day with Magumaster” and “First Day”. All these are narrative texts. Similarly, write a narrative text on any one of the following topics.
(a) On the Road to (A place of your choice)
(b) A day with grandpa/grandma
(c) My Last Birthday

Answer:
(a) On the Road to Puri:
My place of choice is always Puri. I enjoy my journey to this world famous holy place from Cuttack. The travel is delightful to the core. On the road to Puri is Bhubaneswar, the city of temples and the capital of Odisha. N.H. 5 passes through it. The four-lane road that leads to Bhubaneswar is one of the busiest ones in India. Thousands of trucks, cars and two- wheelers ply on the road, which is the life-blood of trade and commerce.

Bhubaneswar with its beautiful building and Lingaraj temple compels any traveler’s attention. The snow-white temple of Thakur Anukulchandra never escapes anyone’s notice. From Bhubaneswar, another fine wide road takes us to Puri. On the way, I catch sight of marvelous Buddha Stupa arid Pipili which has carved a name for itself for unique canopies. From Pipili, I go to Konark. This Sun Temple is indeed a symphony in stone.

From this place, I drive towards Puri along an unbelievably scenic Marine Drive. The sight of the sea marvels me. The splendor of nature on the road to Puri fascinates me beyond imagination. At last, I reach my grand destination – Puri, a place which is visited by thousands of pilgrims every day for its world-renowned Jagannath temple and magnificent sea beach.

(b) A day with grandma:
My mind now goes back to 1990. It was Sunday. At dawn, my grandma woke up. She wanted me to take my bath as early as possible. At first, I could not understand anything. She was shivering in cold. Because it was Kartik Pumima. She was interested to take me to a temple nearby. Bitter winter prevented me from taking my bath and accompanying her to the temple. My grandma, even at the ripe old age of 92, was very stubborn.

She insisted on finishing my work. I could not but obey her. My grandma’s joy knew no bounds when I went to the temple. On the way, she told me how my grandpa was religious. She was walking very fast. We reached the temple soon. She said her prayers for some minutes. I marked, when she was praying, tears rolled down her cheeks. I felt terribly sad. We came back home. I lost my mother soon after my birth. My father was irresponsible. My grandma was dutiful to the core.

She prepared breakfast, We ate together. She seemed to be very happy. As usual, after finishing her breakfast, she read her religious books. Then she rested for some time. All of a sudden she called me in a loud voice. I rushed to her. She was feeling restless. My father was out. I felt desperate. I called one of my friends and said to him to call the doctor. I was trying to give her comfort. The doctor came and took her temperature. It was 103. He gave me a prescription and instructed me to give her medicines in time. My friend bought them at once.

I gave her medicines, water, and fruit from time to time. The news of my grandma’s illness spread thick and fast. She was an object of respect in the eyes of the villagers. They came to see my grandma. The day passed, but there was no change in her temperature. She muttered something. It was 8 p.m. Silence had descended on the village. I sat by her helplessly. Her last. words were ‘Hai Ram’. She left me forever. I wept bitterly. Years have rolled by. Her beautiful face still swims before my eyes. I still treasure her loving care and valuable advice. Her affectionate words linger in my memory.

(c) My Last Birthday
I always look forward to enjoying a special moment in my life – my birthday. The celebration of my last birthday is an unforgettable one. It was the day when my second-year (Science) result was out. I had come out with flying colors. I felt as if I were on the moon. My entire family decided to celebrate my birthday with pomp and ceremony. The hall was exquisitely decorated with balloons and colored lights. I imagined it was heaven on earth. Guests including my lecturers, friends, and relatives reached our house in time.

It was a brilliant summer moonlit night. A gentle breeze passed through the hall. The moonlight that came through the window lent a rare beauty to that place. The moment I had been waiting for came at last. I was exactly 9 p.m. I caught my birthday cake amidst the clapping and cries, Happy birthday to you, happy birthday, Sanskar of my parents and guests. I put out the candle that surrounded it. To my untold excitement, I gently put pieces of cake into the mouths of my parents and my sister and then to the invitees. They showered their blessings on me. There were gifts all around. I was beside myself with joy when my father presented me a laptop. They all attended the dinner gleefully. The guests departed with smiles on their faces.

Activity – 3

Distribute the following topics among the members of your group, so that each one is assigned one topic. Think over your assigned topic for five minutes and write down all the ideas that come to your mind. You should not write full sentences, write only short phrases or single words. Then let each member arrange his/her ideas under some main points and discuss these main points with the members of the group. Now, develop these into paragraphs – just like the text on the thermometer. List of topics – Your ballpoint pen, Your bicycle/scooter /motorcycle, A cricket field, An alarm clock, etc.

Answer:
Your Ball-point Pen:
My ballpoint pen is a unique one. Its specialty is its German fluid ink, though it is made in India. It is made of special material. It has an orbital tip. It is very light. The color of my ballpoint pen is pink. It is glossy. It is not a ‘use and throws’ one. When the ink is finished, I put another refill into it. It looks very simple but attractive. It is remarkable for its smooth writing. My ballpoint pen is neatly designed. Near its hole where refill is put lies a round shining object.lt lends beauty to the pen. This cello ballpoint pen is my treasured possession.

Your Bicycle:
My bicycle is the cheapest and simplest form of transport on wheels. It consists of the main frame and a secondary frame both joined together and triangular in shape. The main frame has a head tube in its front. The handle of my bicycle protrudes out from the upper end of the head tube while the fork protrudes out from the lower end of the head tube. A inner bolt holds both the handle and the fork in place. At the lower end of the fork is the front axle which holds the wheel.

At the opposite end of the upper end of the head, the tube is a tube that protrudes out of the hollow of the main frame. This has a nut-bolt arrangement to hold the seat. Similarly, the peak of the triangular main frame has a hole and axle arrangement to which the crank is connected. The secondary frame has a seat-stay which serves as a support for the weight on the seat. The upper end of the seat stay is joined to the main frame while the lower end forks out into two legs which hold the rear wheel in place.

The wheels consist of a central spoke holder from which spokes radiate out into the rim of the wheel where it is screwed. The spokes keep the rim in shape and support it. Besides this, the wheel has an inflatable tube and an outer tire. The tube has a valve through which air is pumped into it. This valve emerges on to the outer side of the rim through a hole in it. The crank is held oy the main frame while the rear frame holds a sprocket wheel. A chain extends from the crank and is wound around the sprocket wheel.

The chain is fitted onto them and locked. The crank further has two pedals joined to it. When force is applied to the pedals, the crank turns and this chain transmits this force applied to the sprocket wheel which is attached to the rear wheel, thereby moving it. Consequently, the cycle moves. To facilitate proper control of the bike, there are brakes. Brake levers attached to the handle and have brake brackets with rubber on them which are fitted close to the rear and front wheels. Besides this, mudguards are provided for both wheels. Finally, a bell and a stand complete the bike. The stand serves as a prop to keep the bicycle standing.

Your Motorcycle:
My motorcycle is one of the most popular means of conveyance. Now different brands are manufactured by different companies. Each of them has a distinctive feature. Mv motorcycle consists of various parts, such as a handle, brake, fuel tank, silencer pipe, engine (four- stroke) carburetor, clutch lever, speedometer, two tires, and indicator (front and rear) compartment. These parts are systematically set in the bike – comfortable seat, headlight, shock absorber, and so on.

Four-stroke motorbike is superior to a two-stroke one. because the former has smooth pick-up. Besides, it doesn’t produce defeaning sound: On the other hand, the motorbike having a two-stroke engine doesn’t have that smooth pick-up. It produces sound. The consumption of a four-stroke engine is better than that of a two-stroke engine. The former is economical. Replacement of engine oil at the scheduled time is of great importance. Now wherever we notice, we see varieties of wonderful bikes playing on the road.

A Cricket Field:
The expression ‘A cricket field’ excites me in great measure. Amidst thousands of spectators, it comes to life in a flash. First of all, it must be smooth and grassy -rue. The length of a cricket field is not the same in all cricket-playing nations. In India, it has about 65 yards long, but in Australia, it is 85. An essential part of a cricket field is its pitch where the players bat and run between the wickets. This pitch is 22 yards in length. It includes two batting creases on both sides.

It is IV2 yards long from three stumps which are fixed almost about 5 cm from each other. The bells are placed on them, they are called wickets. A line is drawn there. Inside it stands a batsman. In power-play, the length of the field is restricted to 30 yards. When a batsman hits that cross its boundary is called a boundary (4 runs; This means the batsman has got four runs. If he strikes the ball that goes over the boundary without touching the ground is called a sixer. Here the batsman gets six runs. The presence of two umpires, eleven fielders, and two batsmen during the match lends a rare beauty to a cricket field.

An Alarm Clock:
An alarm clock is one that wakes up at a particular time by making a noise. It comes in different designs, sizes, and colors. It is made of different materials. That depends on the manufacturers. An alarm clock has a background called a face with hands that point to the hours and minutes. A digital alarm clock shows the time as a set of numbers. It has great importance in our lives. Today, life has become a hectic one.

In times of emergency, we need an alarm clock most. When we are in a state of delicious slumber, we have an urgent call to attend at a particular time or to go to the station or airport early, its defeaning noise wakes us up. As a result, we become conscious of our duties. Because of it, we cultivate a sense of timing. Thanks to the strides made in the field of science and technology, now mobile phones are playing the role of alarm clocks.

Activity – 4

Now, discuss any one of the following topics in your group. Generate ideas, write them down, organize them into broader sections and write down the outlines. Then distribute the broader sections among the members so that each member can write a paragraph on one of them. You have to do all these quickly so that you can beat other competing groups in the class.
Topics: Concrete
Sports and Games
The Value of Education
The Professions of your choice.

Sports and Games:
Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do, at times when they are not working, instead of going to the cinema, listening to the radio, or sleeping. But in actual fact, sports and games can be of great value, especially to people who work with their brains most of the day, and should not be treated only as amusements. Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only uses.

They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brains and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, judge its speed and direction, and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and to send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is especially useful.

Sports and games are also very useful for character training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness, courage, discipline, and love of one’s country. But what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a child’s character as what is learned by experience. The ordinary day school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the pupils’ time is spent in classes, studying lessons.

So it is what the pupils do in the spare time that really prepares them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.

Answer:
The prospect of defeat in sports and games should not unnerve us. Sometimes we fear failure. Failures are a part and parcel of life. We forget it: ‘hopes are dupes’, fears may be bias. Moreover, defeat should not disappoint us. Sports and games teach us the way to face failure which we come across as an enemy comer. We live in an era of globalization. We should move with changing times. George Orwell, one of the most eminent English writers, satirized sports and games. Let us forget it. We believed in one world. Sports and games pave the way for our cosmopolitan outlook. Men may come and men may go, but they go on forever.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 3 Solutions Writing Note-making and Summarizing Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Writing Note-making and Summarizing

Introduction
Summarization is an important skill in writing. While summarizing a given version, look to the pith and substance leaving out irrelevant and unneccessary details so as to form a relevant and condensed paragraph of the original topic. Summary writing has no fixed length. It may be half, one-third or a quarter of the given version. It depends on the kind of writing we are assigned to or the purpose for which we are writing the summary. The following points are to be taken note of while writing a summary :
(a) Go through the original passage as many times as is possible.
(b) Notice the main theme of the topic first.
(c) Note down the important points leaving out the unnecessary elaboration,
(d) First prepare a draft using your points.
(e) Avoid long phrases and substitute shorter ones or single word expressions.
(f) If you feel necessary, make some changes in the body of your summary.
(g) Avoid adjectival expressions if not absolutely essential.
(h) Read the draft to see if any important point is omitted.
(i) Finally, using the above guidelines, write a neat and orderly summary.

Activity – I

Mr M R Fatnaik, the Press Secretary to the Industries Minister, came across the following letter in the The Times of India. Mr Patnaik went through the letter and prepared notes as in (b). Later, using his notes,he prepared a summary (c) for the Minister. Examine the contents of the letter, the notes and the summary.

(a) The letter : Failure of Public Sector Industries
Sir.
It is sad to note that the public sector industries in India are a failure.
There are several shortcomings which have contributed to the failure of these industries. Some of these shortcomings are as follows : First they run on government funds, under the control of autonomous corporations, which have their peculiar ways of functioning i.e. on non-business-like principles. In other words, it may be said tht they are not run on a commercial basis.

It is incorrect to believe that they are managed on non-commercial lines, as they have shown some profits. If run on commercial lines they can show still better results. Secondly they are generally run by bureaucrats who do not possess adequate business and managerial skills. The result is that there is too much red-tapism that mars the efficiency of these undertakings. These undertakings can show much better results, if their management is entrusted to professional managers.

Thirdly, in many cases it is found that these public sector undertakings are not working to their full capacity. Under-utilization of capacity can never be considered a sound commercial practice, whatever the reasons. Lastly, these undertakings, being autonomous bodies, pay high salaries and allowances to their staff. This breeds inefficiency. It suggests that corrective measures by the Government and the industries should immediately be taken to remove these shortcomings. These measures should be taken before things go out of control.
Bandana Mishra
Talcher

(b) Notes : Failure of Public Sector Industries
1. Reasons:
(i) run by autonomous corporations on non-commercial basis
(ii) run by bureaucrats without business expertise and managerial skill
(iii) most industries work below capacity
(iv) pay high salary and perks to the staff

2. Steps for improvement:
Government and industries to take immediate corrective measures

(c) Final Summary:
Our Public Sector Industries are a failure for the following reasons. They are controlled by autonomous bodies and are run on non-commercial basis. The autonomous bodies, in turn, are manned by bureaucrats having little business expertise or skill. Besides, many of these industries work below capacity and pay high salary and perks to the staff. The Government and the industries should take immediate steps to remove these shortcomings.

Language notes : Notice how longer expressions have been replaced by shorter in the final summary.

Longer expressions	Changed to
the public sector industries in India	our public sector industries
run … under the control of autonomous corporations	controlled by autonomous bodies
not on a commercial basis	on non-commercial basis
bureaucrats who do not possess adequate business and managerial skill	bureaucrats having little business expertise
not working to their full capacity	work below capacity
corrective measures by the Government and the industries should immediately be taken to remove	the Government and the industries should take immediate steps to remove

Activity – 2

The editor of a leading newspaper finds the following report too long to publish. He, therefore, asks the sub-editor to cut it short so that it can be published. Imagine that you are the sub-editor. Read the report and prepare a summary.

(a) The Report

Killing tracks

Every now and then, an elephant gets run over on the 100-year-old railway track bisecting UP’s Rajaji National Park. Over 20 elephants have been killed and many more maimed in the past two decades. Unless something ugrent is done about it, the poor animals in the park are sure to perish soon. In order to save these elephants, the railway authorities may consider implementing the following proposals. This accident-prone area within the park should be declared a caution zone.

The speed of the trains in this area should be decreased. They should be allowed to run at 20 Kmph. Although this would involve an additional 20 minutes of running time, it is worth it considering the fact that the track runs through a national park. Another proposal is to sensitise the railway staff and give every train driver a high frequency whistle to alert the elephants and to keep them away from the track. Despite their huge fan-like ears, elephants can hear only high frequency sounds.

Another suggestion is to build trenches along the track to prevent elephants from walking onto the track. It is also suggested that ridges along the track be levelled out in order to facilitate free movement for the animals. In the historic city of Heidelberg in Germany, signs warn motorists to stop their cars to allow frogs to cross the road. No motorists dare break this rule, and drivers apparently are known to stop and actually assist the forgs in crossing the busy road. Rajaji Park is the last bastion where elephants still survive in north west India. Surely, it is not too much to ask that we allow these majestic animals to live With dignity and without fear.
Rashmi Sehgal

(b) Examine the following notes. (You should read the report again before examining the notes.)

1. Problem of elephnats :
(i) The Rajaji National Park railway track, a killer track.
(ii) Elephants frequently get killed and maimed.

2. Proposals to save the animals :
(i) the area to be declared a caution zone where maximum speed to be 20 kmph.
(ii) drivers to be given high frequency whistles to alert elephants.
(iii) trenches to be built and ridges to be levelled out along the track.
(iv) in Heidelberg in Germany cars stop for frogs to cross to the road.

3. Appeal :
Let these animals live with dignity and without fear.

(c) Summary:
The following in the summary of the report in (a). But there are blanks for you to fill in. Fill in the blanks by re-reading the report and the notes. Remember each dash ( ) stands for a single word only.

The ________ old ________ railway track has turned into a ________ track, where elephants get ________ and ________ very ________. To save these ________ from ________ this park area should be declared ________, ________ , ________ where trains should ________ maximum at a ________, ________ 20 kmph. ________ should be given a ________, ________,________ to keep elephants away ________, ________, ________. The other measures should include ________, ________, ________and ________, ________, ________ along the track. This is not much as ________, ________ in Germany cars stop for ________ to ________, ________, ________. We should let these ________,________,________,________.

Answer:
The 100 year old Rajaji National Park railway track has turned into a killer track, where elephants get killed and maimed very frequently. To save these elephants from death, this park area should be declared a caution zone, where trains should run maximum at a speed of 20 kmph. Drivers should be given a high frequency whistles to keep elephants away from the tracks. The other measures should include trenches along tracks and leveling of ridges along the tracks. This is not much as in Heidelberg in Germany -cars stop for frogs to cross the road. We should let these animals live with dignity.

Activity – 3

Here is a report about jailbreaks in Odisha. Read it carefully, paying particular attention to the various recommendations made by the jail staff and the police.

a. The Report

Lax Security leads to Odisha, Jail breaks

There is little security in Odisha jails as has been shown by the spurt in jailbreaks in the recent years. Altogether 72 prisoners, undertrials and convicts have escaped from various jails in seven major jailbreaks during the last five years. A senior jail staff blames the Government of Odisha for neglecting the jails. Officers have recommended the introduction of closed circuit televisions in the prisons along with very high frequency communication systems as a part of modernisation of the prisons.

They have also asked for the old-fashioned 410 musket rifles to be replaced with 303 rifles with catridges to deal with prison riots. Police say that a nexus between jail staff and prisoners cannot be ruled out. The recent incident at Kodala jail clearly indicates that the jail staff, indeed, help prisoners to escape, say the police. If the jail staff are more alert, such incidents can be averted.
H. Mohanty

b. Notes
The following are the main points of the report. Notice that there are blanks in the notes for you to fill in. Complete the notes by filling in the blanks.

Lax Security Leads to Odisha jailbreaks

Topic : Little jail security in Odisha as shown by jailbreaks

Recommendations to improve jail security :
a. by ____________.
i. Government to improve jail conditions.
ii. __________ and __________ to be introduced.
iii. _____________________________.
b. by ________________.
i. No nexus between jail staff and ___________.
ii. _____________________________.

Recommendations to improve Jail Security
(a) by modernisation
(i) Government to improve jail condition
(ii) Closed-circuit televisions and high-frequency communication systems are to be introduced.
(iii) 410 musket rifles must be replaced by 303 rifles with cartridges.
(b) by prevention
(i) No nexus between jail staff and prisoners be allowed
(ii) Jail staff must be more alert to avert escape of prisoners.

c. Summary
Basing on the above notes, write a brief summary of the report to be faxed to the Home Ministry in New Delhi.
Summary :
Jailbreaks in Odisha are a result of lax security. Jail officials blame the government for neglecting jails, which need modernisation by the introduction of closed circuit televisions, high frequency communications system and replacement of the musket rifles by 303 rifles with cartridges. They also add that by preventing any nexus between jail officials and prisoners and by remaining ever alert, such incidents can be averted.

Activity – 4

Here is another report. It is about genetically modified food. Read it carefully while paying attention to the following questions.
How is food genetically modified ? What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified food?
a. The report

Watch out for genetically modified food

What is genetical engineering and why are consumer groups up in arms against such genetically modified foods or gene foods ? Well, to put in a nushell, it is a process of extracting genes bearing a specific, hereditary trait from one organism and artificially inserting them into a completely different organism. There are several possible benefits from such genetic engineering.

You could have foods whose nutritional values are enhanced. Scientists, for example, are reported to be working on iron- and vitamin-fortified rice. Similarly, you could develop crops that are resistant to pests and give higher yields, or those that survive extreme weather conditions. You could even provide edible vaccines through such engineering.

But, on the other hand, when you start tinkering with nature, you could also be exposing yourself to unknown and unforeseen health and environment risks, which may not be immediately apparent, but in the long run turn out to be not just hazardous, but uncontrollable. Currently, the known health risks from genetically modified foods are the possibility of food allergies and increased resistance to antibiotics. However, in the absence of long term safety testing, no one can know for certain what their harmful effects may be.

Besides, growing genetically modified crops on a large scale can have certain serious implications for bio-diversity, wild-life, balance of nature-and environment. Because of these questions consumer groups around the globe are now forcing governments to introduce mandatory labelling of genetically modified foods. Consumers have a right to information, safety and choice. And labelling gives them the choice to buy or reject genetically modified foods. Puspa Girimaji

b. Notes
Complete the notes given bleow.

Watch out for Genetically modified Foods

1. What is genetical engineering ?
_____________________________
2. What are the advantages of genetically modified foods ?
i. _____________________________
ii. _____________________________
iii. _____________________________
3. What are their disadvantages ?
i. : _____________________________
ii. : _____________________________
4. What do the consumer groups around the world demand ?
i. _____________________________
ii. _____________________________

c. The Summary
Ans. You are a junior scientist in the RRL, Bhubaneswar. You are interested in genetically modified foods and want to preserve the contents of this report for your future use. For this purpose, write a brief summary of the report.

(b) Notes

Question 1.
What is genetical engineering ?
Answer:
Genetical engineering is the method by which the genes of one organism having a particular trait is artificially inserted into another organism.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of genetically modified foods ?
Answer:
(i) Nuritional value of food can be increased.
(ii) Crops resistant to pests or high yielding crops or those surviving extreme weather conditions can be developed.
(iii) Edible vaccines can be developed.

Question 3.
What are their disadvantages ?
Answer:
(i) allergic to food
(ii) resistant to antibiotics
(iii) have serious implications for bio-diversity, wild-life balance of nature and environment.

Question 4.
What do consumer groups around the world demand ?
Answer:
(i) labelling of genetically modified foods
(ii) right to information and choice

(c) The Summary :
You are a junior scientist in the RRL, Bhubaneswar. You are interested in genetically modified foods and want to preserve the contents of this report for your future use. For this purpose, write a brief summary of the report. Gene foods- Genetically modified food-stuffs are produced by genetical engineering. This is a process by which genes of one organism, possessing a particular hereditary trait is extracted and then inserted artificially into a different organism.

This makes it possible to increase the nutritional value of food, develop high-yielding pest resistant crops as well as crops suited to extreme weather conditions. Yet the process could adversely affect the environment and create health hazards like food allergies and resistance to antibiotics. Consumer groups are therefore lobbying to make it mandatory for gene foods to be labelled, thereby protecting the consumers right of information and choice.

Activity – 5

Read the following news report and write a summary of it in about 60 words. Your summary should include information about the following:
The manner in which (i) patients are duped (ii) the doctors and others are benefited. It has been reported that in Cuttack, Sambalpur and Rourkela doctors are duping illiterate village patients by prescribing cheap and false medicines. This is facilitated by the nexus between doctors, medicines shops and drug inspectors. Doctors ask patients to buy medicine from specific shop(s) near hospitals and clinic which drug inspectors seldom check. Thus, each earns profit besides this.

You may make notes on the important points in the box beside the report. Begin your summary thus :
“It has been reported that ………………………………………………………. ”
Doctors duping patients
From our correspondent

Berhampur:
Jan. 13, Though medicine has advanced by leaps and bounds, the poor villagers are not educated to distinguish between genuine and fake medicines, letting doctors, both Government and private, force them to buy fake medicines and earn huge amounts in the bargain. Cases of doctors duping the patients in this manner has come to light in Cuttack, Sambalpur and Rourkela.

The doctors in collusion with certain medical shop owners prescribe cheap quality medicines to the patients and insist that they buy them from specified shops. Medical shops are run in clinic and hospital compounds, forcing patients to buy medicines there. The doctors even get additional return like letter pads, in the form of gifts, from these shops. Drug Inspectors are allegedly involved as they are rarely seen checking these shops.

Doctors duping patients:
Ans. It has been reported that illiterate, uneducated villagers are being duped by doctors in Cuttack, Sambalpur and Rourkela. This is facilitated by a nexus between doctors, medicine shops and drug inspectors. Doctors prescribe cheap or fake medicines and ask the illiterate patient to buy it from specific shops near their hospitals and clinics which drug inspectors seldom check. Thus each one profits from this. Besides, doctors also get gifts from the shops.

Activity – 6

Read the following passage on ‘Indian Bamboo’ and write notes on it. Then write a summary of the whole passage in not more than 5 paragraphs.

Indian Bamboo

Grown extensively in the north-east and in the Western Ghats, bamboo covers nearly ten million hectares of India’s forest area. More than one hundred species, ranging from the gigantic 30-to-40 metre tall Dendrocalamus giganteus to the one-metre high Arundinaria densifolia with an eight millimetre girth, are found in the country. We produce about 3.2 million tonnes of bamboo annually. Though more than half the bamboo produced in India is turned into paper, the plant has other uses too-for weapons, tools and as food and construction material.

The Monpas of Assam build suspension bridges with bamboo and in Bihar Bamboo is replacing steel in tube well pipes because it is cheaper, rust-free and more durable. Viklang Kendra, a rehabilitation centre for the handicapped in Allahabad, makes artificial limbs from bamboo which are lighter and cheaper than conventional prostheses. Pickled or stewed bamboo shoots are regarded as delicacies in some parts of the country. The fleshy fruits of the ‘muli’ bamboo of Assam are eaten raw or cooked.

During droughts, it seeds are eaten by people as a substitute for rice. Tabasheer’ or ‘banslochan’ a fine siliceous matter found in the stem of the bamboo is used in Ayurvedic drugs to treat cough and asthma. Associated with several myths, the bamboo is often wershipped to ward off evil spirits. In Bengal during ‘Mark Sankaranthi’ people pray to bamboo as ‘vastu the abode of God. Adivasis in some regions plant bamboo on the outskirts of their village to protect them from their enemies.

Even as new uses are being found for the bamboo-scientists are Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, are working on bamboo reinforced cement concrete and the extraction, of diesel fuel from the plant’s many-jointed stem. India’s bamboo reserves are slowly dwindling, unfortunately, efforts to cultivate bamboo on a large scale have so far not succeeded.
Padma Sastry

1. Growth :
(i) grown extensively in north-east and Western Ghats
(ii) covering ten million hectares of country’s forest area
(iii) more than one hundred species
2. Size and production :
(i) 30 to 40 metre tall
(ii) about 3.2 million tonnes annually
3. Uses :
(i) paper manufacturing
(ii) making weapons, tools
(iii) making construction materials and artificial limbs
4. Food :
(i) pickled or stewed shoots
(ii) fleshy fruits of the ‘muli’ bamboo (eaten raw or cooked)
(iii) seeds
5. Drug :
a selicious matter in bamboo stem used in Ayurvedic drugs to treat cough and asthma.
6. Myths :
(i) worshipped to drive away evils spirits
(ii) ‘vastu’, the abode of God
(iii) planting bamboo by Adivasis on the outskirts of villages for protection from enemies.
7. New uses :
extraction of diesel fuel

Summary :
India produces 3.2 million tonnes of bamboo every year. Extensively grown in the north-east and the western ghats, bamboos cover ten million hectares of India’s forest and contain more than one hundred varieties. Mostly used to produces paper, bamboos are also used as weapons, tools, construction material as well as for building bridge, as tube well pipes and even as artifical limbs. Besides, bamboo shoots, fruits, seeds are consumed as food in different places and by different people.

In addition the siliceous matter found in its stem is used as medicine.Bamboo is also endowed with mythical and religious significance. New uses like using it in reinforcing concrete and extracting diesel from its stem are also being worked on by scientists. However, bambo resources are gradually depleting and simultaneously, efforts to cultivate it on a large scale has failed.

Odisha State Board CHSE Odisha Class 12 Invitation to English 4 Solutions Grammar The Passive Textbook Activity Questions and Answers.

CHSE Odisha 12th Class English Grammar The Passive

Section -1

We can use English sentences either in active or passive voice. But we have a wrong notion that all the active sentences can be passivized and vice versa. While it is possible to express most ideas both in the active or the passive voice, some constructions are natural only in the active and a few others only in the passive.

The passive voice is normally used for one of the following reasons.
1 . The active subject (or the doer/agent of the action) is unknown or cannot be easily identified.
His father was killed in World War- II.
(The killer or his father is unknown/or difficult to identify)

2. The active subject or agent is evident from the context.
Mr Amitabh Bachchan was elected Member of Parliament.
(The active subject/agent (i.e. the people of a particular constituency) is well known from the context.

3. There may be a special reason for (fact, delicacy of sentiment or fixing responsibility) not mentioning the active agent.
The matter has been referred to an expert committee.

4. Where greater interest is taken in the subject of the passive.
His mother was run over by a truck.

5. In scientific discoveries, inventions, observations, public notices etc. we use passive sentences. Now mark how we can transform an active sentence into a passive construction. We normally take the help of the following steps to make a sentence from active to passive voice.
(i) Make the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive.
(ii) Change the active verb into the passive equivalent by using be-verb + past participle form of the main verb.
(iii) Decide whether the subject of the active sentence is to be included or deleted in the passive sentence. If included, it should be put after the preposition ‘by’.

This ‘by-phase’ is used (i) when the agent is an important person (ii) when the agent is an indefinite person or thing, (iii) when the agent is an inanimate (non-living object or thing and is regarded as something unusual or unexpected).
In present-day English, ‘by-phrase’ is normally avoided/omitted in passive sentences.
We use a ‘by-phrase’ when the speaker/writer wants to give emphasis on the active subject/agent.

Activity -1
Change the sentences below into their passive forms.
1. The Head Master punished the student.
2. Foolish men build large houses.
3. The umpire declared the batsman out.
4. Did Vibhishan betray Ravana?
5. Van Gogh did not paint this picture.
Answers
1. The student was punished by the Head Master.
2. Large houses are built by foolish men.
3. The batsman was declared out by the umpire.
4. Was Ravana betrayed by Vibhisan?
5. This picture was not painted by Van Gogh.

Activity- 2
Change the voice of the sentences below.
1. The dates for polling have been announced by the Election Commission.
2. Oriyas living in America have sent fifty crores for relief work.
3. The party has chosen a new president.
4. The plane was hijacked by five terrorists.
5. Can this cheque be cashed by my brother?
Answers
1. The Election Commission has announced the date for polling.
2. Fifty crores has been sent by Oriyas living in America for relief work.
3. A new president has been chosen (by the party).
4. Five terrorists hijacked the plane.
5. Can my brother cash this cheque?

Section -2

When do we use the passive?
The rules
The rules for changing the active voice into the passive voice are reliable, up to a point. However, it is wrong to think that every active sentence can be changed into the passive form. The passive voice is used in special situations, in which it would not be appropriate to use the active voice. It is important to know what these situations are.

What the “subject” of the sentence does?
We said above that the first rule for changing an active sentence into its passive form is to make the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive sentence. But why do we do this?
Every sentence must have a subject, which comes at or near the beginning of the sentence, before the verb. The subjects in the following sentences are printed in bold letters. Each sentence also contains an object, which is printed in italics.
1. The boys fed the lions in the zoo.
2. The kind old gentleman gave the blind beggar ten rupees
3. Bhima killed Dushashana in a fight.
4. The cyclone destroyed two thousand villages.

The subject, in each of these sentences, has two function.
(a) It introduces the topic that the speaker is going to talk about.
(when we hear the opening words of sentence 1, “The boys…” we know that the speaker is going to tell us something about the boys. The rest of the sentence tells us what the speaker has to say on this topic.)
(b) The subject also refers to the person or the thing that performs the action indicated by the verb. In other words, the subject is the “doer” of the action, or the agent that performs the action.

What about the object?
The object refers to the person or thing on which some action is performed by the agent (subject). Notice what happens when we change an active sentence into a passive sentence.

Example
The policeman arrested the thief, (active)
The thief was arrested by the policeman. (passive)

In the active sentence, the subject (policeman) represents the agent who performs the action, as well as the topic. Here, the speaker seems to be interested mainly in the policeman and what the policeman did.

But in the passive sentence, the agent (policeman) is no longer the subject or the topic. Instead, thiefbtcom&s the topic. The speaker seems to be more interested now in the thief and what happened to him than in the policeman, who is pushed into the background. So, when we turn an active sentence into its passive form, the effect is to turn the “spotlight” away from the agent. The passive is used when we are more interested in the action that is performed than in the agent that performs the action. This can happen in the following situations.

(a) when the speaker does not know the identity of the agent or is not sure of it, e.g.:
My bicycle has been stolen.

(b) when it is not necessary to mention the agent, because it is obvious who the agent is, e.g.:
The earth was created many millions of years ago.
The accused was tried in court and sentenced to prison.

(c) when the speaker does not want to mention the agent, for some reason, e.g.:
I have been cheated.

(d) when the speaker does not wish to offer a personal opinion, but wants to sound formal and objective, e.g.:
It is believed that no life exists on the planet Mars.

The agent is not mentioned in the majority of passive sentences. However, the agent must be mentioned (together with the preposition by) in the following contexts :
(a) when the agent is an important person- an inventor, an artist, a writer, a famous personality etc., e.g.:
1. ‘Chandrabhaga’ was written by Radhanath Ray.
2. The bridge will be opened by the Chief Minister.
3. The ratio was invented by Marconi.

(b) when the agent is someone or something that is unexpected, e.g. :
1. All the work in this factory is done by robots.
2. The man was killed by a tiger.

Section – 3

The uses of the passive.
Passive sentences are more commonly used in writing than in speech. The use of the passive is particularly common in scientific and technical writing, e.g. reports on experiments, descriptions of scientific processes, etc. Passives are also frequently used in official documents, where rules and regulations are laid down.
Here are some examples.
1. Payment can be made at any bank.
2. The liquid is heated to boiling point.
3. All lights are switched off at 11 p.m.
4. Sensitive data should not be fed into this computer.
5 . Sugar is exported to Japan.

Activity – 3
Use the verbs (given in brackets) in the correct form.
(a) Originally, this novel (write) __________ in Hindi, but it (translate) _________ into Oriya in 1985.
(b) Cheese (make)- from milk.
(c) There was an accident this afternoon. Somebody called an ambulance but as nobody (injure) _________ the ambulance (not require) ________.
(d) The office is in a mess. The telephone (never answer)__________, no proper records (keep) __________ and worst of all, no reports(write)__________.
(e) A three-year-old girl who hid in a sack while her mother was picking potatoes (run over) _________ by a tractor at a farm in Karnataka.
(f) A tree is lying across the road. It (blow down)____________ in the storm.
(g) The letter (post) _________ a week ago and it arrived yesterday.
(h) Two people (report) ___________ injured in a bomb explosion at a factory in Calcutta early this morning.
(i) A new museum (build) _________ in the city. Work started last year and the museum (expect) ___________ to open next year.

Answers
(a) Originally, this novel was written in Hindi, but it was translated into Oriya in 1985.
(b) Cheese is made from milk.
(c) There was an accident this afternoon. Somebody called an ambulance but as nobody was injured, the ambulance was not required.
(d) The office is in a mess. The telephone is never answered, no proper records are kept and worst of all, no reports are written.
(e) A three-year-old girl who hid in a sack while her mother was picking potatoes was run over by a tractor at a farm in Karnataka.
(f) A tree is lying across the road, it is blown down in the storm.
(g) The letter was posted a week ago and it arrived yesterday.
(h) Two people are reported injured in a bomb explosion at a factory in Calcutta early this morning.
(i) A new museum is being built in the city. Work started last year and the museum is expected to open next year.

Activity- 4
Rewrite the following newspaper report using passive forms of the verbs.
Thieves held the manager of the Taj Hotel at gun point last night during a daring raid in which they took nearly Rs. 500,000 from the hotel safe. They also broke into several of the bedrooms and removed articles of value.
The thieves made their escape through the kitchen, where they damaged several pieces of equipment. They injured the chef when he tried to stop them and left him lying unconscious on the floor. Police arrested the thieves early this morning.
Answers
1. The manger of the Taj Hotel was held at gun point last night.
2. Nearly Rs. 5,00,000 was taken from the hotel safe (by them).
3. Several of the bedrooms were also broken into (by them).
4. Articles of value were also removed.
5. Several pieces of equipment were damaged by them.
6. The chef was injured by them when he tried to stop them.
7. He was left unconscious on the floor.
8. The thieves were arrested (by the police) early this morning.

Activity- 5
The following is a part of a newspaper report. Use the verbs supplied in the blank spaces, in their appropriate forms.

(a) In Bhubaneswar yesterday a shopkeeper (force) ________ to hand over Rs. 10,000 after (threaten) ________ by a man with a knife. The man escaped in a car which (steal) _________ earlier in the day. Later, the car (find) ________ in a garage where it (abandon)- by the thief. A man who (suspect) _________ of (involve) __________ in the robbery (arrested) _________ and (question) _________ by the police.

(b) The state library (damage) __________ in a fire last Sunday. The fire, which (discover) _________ at about 11 p.m., spread very quickly. Nobody (injure) __________ but two people had to (rescue) __________ from a room upstairs. A number of valuable books (bum)__________. It (not know) __________ how the fire started.

Answers
(a) In Bhubaneswar yesterday a shopkeeper was forced to hand over Rs. 10,000 after being threatened by a man with a knife. The man escaped in a car which was stolen earlier in the day. Later, the car was found in a garage where it was abandoned by the thief. A man who was suspected of being involved in the robbery was arrested and questioned by the police.

(b) The state library was damaged in a fire last Sunday. The fire, which was discovered at about 11 p.m., spread very quickly. Nobody was injured but two people had to be rescued from a room upstairs. A number of valuable books were burnt. It was not known how the fire started.

Activity- 6
Mrs. Mohanty went out for a while. When she came back, she soon realised that someone had been in the room while she was away. Given below a list of the things that had been disturbed. Write sentences to describe the room, using the following hints.

bookcase/move door/open wall clock/remove
food on the table/eat candle/light record player/smash
window/close flower vase/break television/switch off

Answers
1. The bookcase had been moved.
2. The food on the table had been eaten.
3. The window had been closed.
4. The flower vase had been broken.
5. The door had been open.
6. The candle had been lighted.
7. Television had been switched off.
8. The wall clock had been removed.
9. The record player had been smashed.

Activity- 7
Do you know how to prepare a cup of tea, using a tea bag? If you don’t, you can follow the ‘recipe’ (pronounced re-si-pi) below.
A recipe is a set of instructions which you follow when you are preparing some food. Usually, recipes are given in the form of “commands”, using sentences in the active form. The following recipe for making tea is an example.
1 . Use one tea bag to make each cup of tea.
2. Place the required number of tea bags in a kettle.
3. Add boiling water.
4. Stir the water, but make sure that the tea bags do not open up.
5. Allow the tea to stand for four minutes.
6. Pour the tea into cups.
7. Add sugar and milk to taste

The instructions in the recipe can be re-written, using sentences in the passive form. What you get now is a description of a process. Write the recipe given above, using sentences in the passive form. The first sentence has been done for you.

How tea is made, using tea-bags
Answers
1. One tea-bag is used for making each cup of tea.
2. The required number of tea bags are placed in a kettle.
3. Boiling water is added.
4. The water is stirred, but make sure that the tea bags do not be opened up
5. The tea is allowed to stand for four minutes.
6. The tea is poured into cups.
7. Sugar and milk is added to taste.

Activity-8
When you become a member of a library, you are supposed to obey certain library rules. Rules are generally stated in sentences using the passive form.
Here is a list of “Dos” and “Don’ts” for users of public library. Can you turn them into library ruels, using the passive?
Dos
1. You should maintain strict silence inside the library.
2. You must bring your membership card with you when you visit the library.
3. You must leave your bags, books, note-books, etc. at the checking counter, outside the library.
4. You should ask the librarian to help you in case you are unable to find a book
Answers
1. Strict silence must be maintained inside the library.
2. Your membership card must be brought (required) when you visit the library.
3. Your bags, books, note-books, etc. must be left/kept outside the library, at the checking counter.
4. The librarian may/should be asked to help you in case you are unable to find a book.

Don’ts
1. You mustn’t write anything inside a book which you borrow from the library.
2. You shouldn’t damage the book in any way.
3. You mustn’t keep the book longer than the due date.
4. You shouldn’t lend the book to anyone who is not a member of the library.
Answers
1. Anything inside a book mustn’t be written which you borrow from the library.
2. The book shouldn’t be damaged in any way.
3. The book mustn’t be kept longer than the due date.
4. The book shouldn’t be lent to anyone who is not a member of the library

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers

1. We ____________ by a loud noise during the night.
(A) woke up
(B) are woken up
(C) were woken up
(D) were waking up
Answer:
(C) were woken up

2. There’s somebody walking behind us. I think ___________.
(A) we are following
(B) we are being followed
(C) we are followed
(D) we are being following
Answer:
(B) we are being followed

3. ‘Where ?’ ‘In London.’
(A) were you born
(B) are you born
(C) have you been born
(D) did you born
Answer:
(A) were you born

4. The train __________ arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late.
(A) supposed to
(B) is supposed to
(C) was supposed to
(D) none of these
Answer:
(C) was supposed to

5. Where________ ? Which hairdresser did you go to?
(A) did you cut your hair
(B) have you cut your hair
(C) did you have cut your hair
(D) did you have your hair cut
Answer:
(D) did you have your hair cut

6. I don’t like ______________by others.
(A) be laughed
(B) being laughed
(C) to be laughed
(D) to have been laughed
Answer:
(B) being laughed

7. They __________ to go there.
(A) are made
(B) are making
(C) have made
(D) should make
Answer:
(A) are made

8. Accidents ___________ by negligence.
(A) are made
(B) must be made
(C) made
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) are made

9. I ________to all.
(A) am knowing
(B) am known
(C) have known
(D) none of these
Answer:
(B) am known

10. Where ___________ your kites?
(A) you are flying
(B) are you flying
(C) you have to fly
(D)none of these
Answer:
(B) are you flying